text:
Nikolay A. Makhutov
Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Through the efforts of specialists from many countries, a broad scientific base has now been created for analyzing and classifying the risks of extreme situations of a natural and technogenic nature, studying scenarios by which they might begin and develop, and reducing the vulnerability of high-risk sites with regard to natural and technogenic disasters.1 This scientific base must be used as widely as possible in efforts to ensure security against the impacts of terrorism.
This approach to analyzing terrorism-related risks presupposes that emergency situations initiated by terrorist acts develop according to laws analogous to the development of ordinary emergency situations caused by natural or industrial disasters. Therefore, they may be analyzed using methods and models used in addressing classical problems in risk and safety theory.
The threat of terrorist acts must be included in the system of studies of possible scenarios of how emergency situations might develop. In particular, event trees used in risk analysis at critically important infrastructure sites must be augmented with scenarios taking into account possibilities of terrorist attacks, which substantially change the scenarios themselves as the structure of primary initiating factors in emergency situations. They also lead to the creation of cascading processes in the development of accidents and catastrophes with the most serious losses to the population, economic objects, and other vital resources.
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Methodology for Assessing the
Risks of Terrorism
Nikolay A. Makhutov
Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Through the efforts of specialists from many countries, a broad scientific
base has now been created for analyzing and classifying the risks of extreme
situations of a natural and technogenic nature, studying scenarios by which they
might begin and develop, and reducing the vulnerability of high-risk sites with
regard to natural and technogenic disasters.1 This scientific base must be used as
widely as possible in efforts to ensure security against the impacts of terrorism.
This approach to analyzing terrorism-related risks presupposes that emer-
gency situations initiated by terrorist acts develop according to laws analogous
to the development of ordinary emergency situations caused by natural or indus-
trial disasters. Therefore, they may be analyzed using methods and models used
in addressing classical problems in risk and safety theory.
The threat of terrorist acts must be included in the system of studies of
possible scenarios of how emergency situations might develop. In particular,
event trees used in risk analysis at critically important infrastructure sites must
be augmented with scenarios taking into account possibilities of terrorist attacks,
which substantially change the scenarios themselves as the structure of primary
initiating factors in emergency situations. They also lead to the creation of cas-
cading processes in the development of accidents and catastrophes with the most
serious losses to the population, economic objects, and other vital resources.
1Knowledge International Humanitarian Fund. 1998-2003. Russia's Safety: Legal, Socioeconom-
ic, and Scientific-Technical Aspects 1-24. Moscow: Znanie Publishers. See also: Problems of Safety
and Emergency Situations: Scientific-Technical Journal. 1998–2004.
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We need to include the analysis of terrorism risks and terrorist mechanisms
for initiating extreme situations in the range of problems being considered. This
requires developing and adapting existing models and methods for studying ca-
tastrophes so that they account for the special characteristics of their initiation by
unauthorized and terrorist actions that could be taken to strike at the most vulner-
able and significant targets critically important for the national security infra-
In order to analyze risk and security with the possibility of terrorist actions,
it is first necessary to compare the initiation stage of the extreme situation
through terrorist actions and the changes and structure of impact factors of the
terrorist act with those in a traditional emergency caused by a natural or indus-
trial disaster.
It should also be noted that the modern strategy for ensuring natural and
industrial safety, which calls for focusing efforts not on eliminating the conse-
quences of extreme situations but on predicting and preventing them, must also
be extended to cover situations in which emergencies are triggered through ter-
rorist actions. In this case, scientific developments regarding methods for man-
aging the risks of terrorism must be accorded great significance in integrated risk
management mechanisms.
The failure to provide for basic characteristics of reliability, resources, and
safety regarding a range of criteria and reserve capacities leads to the possibility
of accidents and catastrophic situations arising and developing at all stages of the
creation and exploitation of complex technical systems. Over the past decade,
institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Ministry of Emer-
gency Situations, Ministry of Industry and Science, State Mining and Industrial
Inspectorate,2 Atomic Energy Inspectorate, and Ministry of Education have syn-
thesized a substantial volume of fundamental information on accidents and ca-
tastrophes of an industrial, natural/industrial, and natural character as part of the
State Scientific-Technical Program for Safety for the Population and Economic
Objects Considering the Risk of Natural and Industrial Disasters (SSTP Safety).
In carrying out this program, participants analyzed and generalized information
on the basic characteristics, conditions, and scenarios for the outbreak of acci-
dents and catastrophes in the natural and industrial spheres engendered by com-
plex dangerous phenomena and processes in various regions of the world. Poten-
tially dangerous facilities and natural processes might create catastrophes in the
2Translator's Note: On March 9, 2004, Gosgortekhnadzor was transformed into the Federal Tech-
nological Inspection Service. On May 20, 2004, the latter was transformed into the Federal Ecologi-
cal, Technological, and Atomic Inspection Service.
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FIGURE 1 Losses and periodicity of natural and technogenic catastrophes.
following classes: planetary, global, national, regional, local, facility-level, and
localized (Figure 1). The potential damages and periodicity of occurrence were
evaluated depending on the class of accidents and catastrophes (beginning with
global and ending with localized).
Official documents in the Russian Federation use six classes of catastro-
phes: transborder (equivalent to global), federal (equivalent to national), regional,
local, facility-level, and localized.
Based on the results of this summary analysis, a classification of catastro-
phes was constructed, taking into account the damages U and the periodicity T
of their occurrence (see Table 1). Here the magnitude U for each catastrophe
decreases from 1 × 1010 to 5 × 103 dollars, while the periodicity of their occur-
rence declines from 5 × 102 to 8 × 10–2 years. Thus the variation in damages
(dollars per catastrophe) for various types of disasters could reach seven orders
of magnitude, while that of the probability of occurrence P = 1/ T (1/year)
could reach three orders of magnitude.
The concept of risk is the key one in resolving problems related to ensuring
security. This paper includes a number of simplified equations that are used for
assessing risks and risk factors. These include a basic equation for risk assess-
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TABLE 1 Characteristics of Risks of Accidents and Catastrophes
Class of accidents
No. and catastrophes P (1/year) U (dollars) R (dollars/year)
100 103 104
1 Localized 5.0 5.0 2.5
× × ×
100 105 105
2 Facility level 1.2 4.0 4.8
× × ×
10 –1 106 106
3 Local 5.0 7.0 3.5
× × ×
10 –1 108 107
4 Regional 1.6 1.0 1.6
× × ×
10 –1 109 108
5 National 1.2 1.5 1.8
× × ×
10 –2 10 10 108
6 Global 8.0 1.0 8.0
× × ×
ment (Formula 1), equations for assessing risk components (Formulas 7–13),
and an equation for assessing risk management (Formula 14).
Risk is defined by means of the functional FR of the probability that
a catastrophe (natural or technogenic) will occur and the magnitude of the
n n
R = FR {P, U} = Pi Ui = U ( P) PdP = P(U ) UdU
Ri = (Formula 1)
i =1 i =1
where R represents the risk associated with a natural or technogenic catastrophe;
P, its likelihood; and U, its consequences (Formula 1).
The risks vary within the bounds of four orders of magnitude. For Russia the
probability of the occurrence of national and regional natural-technogenic ex-
treme situations differ by 1.4 times and are approximately an order of magnitude
lower than the risk for local situations; the likelihood of local and facility-level
accidents differs by 5 times.
The results of the studies that have been conducted have been reflected in
the fundamental multivolume series Russia's Safety3 and in issues of the journal
Problems of Safety and Emergency Situations.4
The assessment of the probability P, damages U, and risks R of accidents
and catastrophic situations involves a group of risk identification methods, in-
cluding various methods for analyzing statistical information on natural and
technogenic catastrophes of a particular type in the region being studied, as well
as methods for analyzing the reliability of equipment and technological pro-
cesses and the effectiveness of management and control. Methods for calculating
the magnitude of damage substantially differ for various technical facilities and
natural systems. Therefore, specialists in Russia and other countries are currently
3Knowledge International Humanitarian Fund. 1998–2003. Russia's Safety: Legal, Socioeconom-
ic, and Scientific-Technical Aspects 1-24. Moscow: Znanie Publishers.
4Problems of Safety and Emergency Situations: Scientific-Technical Journal. 1998–2004.
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developing a group of special methods aimed at analyzing natural-technogenic
processes capable of leading to accidents and catastrophic situations.
In assessing risk R in natural-technogenic-social systems, great importance
lies in integrated (complex) risks, including the risks Ri from diverse factors
operating on various temporal and spatial scales.
Integrated risks are determined by the specific nature of the interactions of
the natural, technogenic, and social spheres. Terrorism could substantially change
both the magnitudes of the risks Ri and R themselves and the nature of this
Modern terrorism may be divided into three types: traditional, technologi-
cal, and intellectual (see Figure 2).
Traditional terrorism has been and remains aimed at the physical elimina-
tion (murder, abduction) of representatives of state and social structures and of
average citizens to achieve certain social, economic, and political goals. In this
case the actions of terrorists are directed against individuals and are carried out
by organizing bombings, arsons, poisonings, kidnappings, and so forth. Here the
Types of Terrorism
Technological Terrorism
Traditional Intellectual
Terrorism Terrorism
Initiating Actions
Impact Factors
Initial—100% Initial—1–10% Initial—<0.1%
Secondary—90–99% Secondary—<10%
FIGURE 2 Types of terrorism and impact factors.
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fundamental damages are inflicted at the stage of the initial impacts of the terror-
ist acts.
Technological terrorism is represented by actions aimed against infrastruc-
ture targets critical to national security or committed using especially dangerous
technologies, devices, and materials. With technological terrorism, the initial
impact factors of the terrorist acts create technogenic accidents and catastrophes
with a significantly greater (tens and hundreds of times) level of secondary im-
pact factors that affect the targets attacked, their personnel, the population, and
the environment. That is, in contrast to traditional terrorism, with technological
terrorism the initial damages represent only an insignificant portion of the total
damage compared with the secondary impact factors.
Intellectual terrorism is a type of terrorism in which the initial impact fac-
tors might be specially inserted in regulatory or technical documents and design
engineering elements in the creation of new facilities in the technosphere or the
operation of existing ones. These factors are capable of creating secondary im-
pacts and damages leading to a cascade of tertiary impact factors.
The appearance and development of primary, secondary, and cascading im-
pact factors of terrorism are subject to practically the same natural processes that
shape traditional accidents and catastrophes at technosphere facilities that create
extreme situations of a technogenic nature. This circumstance makes it possible
to apply the scientific base developed for ensuring natural-technogenic security
to addressing issues related to reducing the risks of terrorist impacts and counter-
ing terrorist threats.
In this regard the development of methods for analyzing the risks of terror-
ism and of means and systems for protecting against terrorist threats comes
down to two basic problems:
1. reducing the risks R by preventing initiating dangers, threats, and
2. reducing the risks R that extreme situations of a technogenic nature may
develop if initiating factors do occur by redistributing a number of impact factors
The theory of the security of complex social-natural-technogenic systems
accords a substantial place to methods and means of analyzing crisis phenomena
and processes, accidents, and catastrophes (their classification, potential dan-
gers, and criteria base); basic scientific disciplines for describing scenarios re-
garding the occurrence and development of crises, accidents, and catastrophic
situations; and comprehensive consideration of the interactions of the elements
of the human/critically-important-object/environment system.
Comprehensive security determines the degree to which people, objects, and
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the environment are protected against threats from various sources—from people
themselves, from created and functioning complex technical systems, and from
important natural impacts—in the occurrence and development of accidents and
catastrophic situations.
Assessment of the potential danger of human actions by staff, unauthorized
outsiders, and terrorists; high-risk facilities; and natural processes, taking into
account various types of accident scenarios, must be carried out using the fol-
lowing three characteristic parameters: (1) accumulated energy reserves, (2) re-
serves of potentially dangerous substances (those presenting radiation, chemical,
and biological hazards), and (3) information volumes and flows.
An important area of research in both overall catastrophe theory and terror-
ism risk assessment is the study of areas of dangerous and safe conditions, pro-
cesses of damage accumulation, reactions of structural elements to external and
internal effects, and development of maximal condition theory and especially of
the process of postcritical behavior of system elements that leads to various
Taking into account a generalization of the basic factors involved in
the occurrence of accidents and catastrophes, we may take the following as
• uncontrolled release of energy E (thermal, mechanical, blast wave,
• uncontrolled release of the above-listed dangerous substances W
• uncontrolled dissemination or disruption of information flows I (manage-
ment, informational, warning)
Given what has been outlined above, it is possible to construct areas of
dangerous and safe conditions for various natural-technogenic-social systems
(Figure 3) in which a situation could move into the danger zone in accordance
with the laws governing random and determinate processes v(t). The risks RE,
RW, and RI may be determined as follows in Formula 2 for each of the groups of
catastrophe impact factors (E, W, I) based on Formula 1:
R = FR {RE , RW , RI } = FR {( PE , U E ), ( PW , UW ), ( PI , U I )} (Formula 2)
The fundamental special feature of terrorism risks according to Figure 3 is
that a common random process v(t) is replaced on the radius-vector r(t) by the
nonrandom, directed selection of the direction r(t) and time tTR of the manifesta-
tion of the most dangerous damage factor characteristic of the given critical
infrastructure site or natural process. In this case the catastrophe initiated by a
terrorist act is realized on a substantially shorter time interval tTR not linked with
the time to needed to achieve a dangerous condition according to existing design
norms and operating rules for the potentially dangerous facility. The time trajec-
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processes v(t)
FIGURE 3 Areas of dangerous and safe states.
tory of the random process for regular functioning v(t) becomes substantially
longer than the time vector r(t). Thus in analyzing the risks of terrorism, the
determining correlations may be written as follows in Formula 3:
RTR R, r(t)«v(t), tTR< t0 (Formula 3)
Four risk groups may be included in the overall risk structure R: systemic
Rs, integrated Ri, differentiated (complex) Rd, and object (elemental) Re. Here the
risks in the previous group are elements of the following (Formula 4).
Ri , Ri = Rd , Rd =
Rs = Re (Formula 4)
The risks of terrorism RTR are components in all four risk groups. Each risk
group can have its own corresponding level of management of the elements of
national security: federal (Rs), regional (Ri), industrywide (Rd), and facility-level
(Re). Regarding critical infrastructure sites, the occurrence of accidents and ca-
tastrophes is associated with the realization of risks Re; this subsequently has an
impact on the entire further sequence of risks (Re Rd Ri Rs).
Formula 1 may be used to monitor and forecast each of the types of risk
If one analyzes the systemic risks of natural and technogenic catastrophes
(or risks of extreme situations of a natural and technogenic character), then tak-
ing these into account in determining the probability of systemic threats using
the functional FPS, we may write Formula 5 as follows:
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PS = FPS {PN , PT , PO} (Formula 5)
where PN is the probability of occurrence of an unfavorable event occasioned by
the human factor, PT is the probability occasioned by the status of objects in the
technosphere, and Po is the probability occasioned by environmental effects.
The form of the function in Formula 5 also remains the same for the prob-
abilities of the realization of systemic Ps, integrated Pi, differentiated Pd, and
facility-level Pe risks.
The significance here is that the role of the human factor in the assessment
of Ps given changes in PN is determined not only by the operators PNO and
personnel PNP (as usually happens for Pd) but also by the individuals PND who
are making decisions at all levels involved in state management of national and
international security. The probabilities PN, PNO, PNP, and PND comprise an in-
terconnected complex that is also characteristic in the analysis of risks without
considering terrorism.
PN = FP {( PNO , PNP , PND )} (Formula 6)
The probability of terrorism PNTR as one manifestation of the human factor
is a function independently included in PN and is also connected with the actions
of the operators, personnel, and managers.
PN = FP {( PNTR ), ( PNO , PNP , PND )} (Formula 7)
The probabilities PT are substantially dependent on the level of protection
of the given critical infrastructure site from accidents and catastrophes. This
protection is determined by the degree of degradation of the facility at a given
stage of operation (t < to) with the level of diagnostic inspection and monitor-
ing. Such a situation highlights the direct interrelation of the parameters PT and
PN. Analogous to Formula 7, with acts of technological terrorism we may write
the following:
PT = FP {( PTTR ), ( PN )} (Formula 8)
It is well known that probabilities P0 depend on manifestations of dangerous
natural processes, on the condition of the critical infrastructure site, and conse-
quently on PT . Here the probability of terrorist impacts on special facilities in
the technosphere (dams, mines, dangerous chemical storage facilities, mine tail-
ing dumps at mining complexes) and on their operators and personnel also in-
creases P0.
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POTR = FP {( PNTR ), ( PTTR )} (Formula 9)
Damages US from the realization of systemic threats can generally be writ-
ten through the function FUS
US = FUS {U N , UT , UO} (Formula 10)
where UN is the damages inflicted on the population by the interaction of pri-
mary and secondary impact factors in the realization of systemic threats, UT is
the damages inflicted on facilities in the technosphere, and UO is the damages
inflicted on the environment.
The magnitudes of UN, UT, and UO may change in natural units (for ex-
ample, by the number of people killed, the number of buildings destroyed, and
the land area harmed) and in equivalents (for example, in economic and mon-
etary indicators).
Terrorist acts are primarily manifested in increasing statistics regarding vic-
tims of the terrorist acts themselves UNTR.
U N = FU {(U NTR ), (U NO , U NP , U ND )} (Formula 11)
As noted earlier, with terrorist acts, damages to objects in the technosphere
UT and the natural environment UO increase from manifestations of secondary
and cascade impact factors.
UT = FU {(UTTR ), (U N )} (Formula 12)
UO = FU {(UOTR ), (U N , UT )} (Formula 13)
In Russia, considering the socioeconomic transformations, the basic charac-
teristics of the risks R of natural and technogenic accidents and catastrophes as
defined by their severity T (or damages U) and numbers N (or probability P) are
generally relatively complex in nature regarding their change over time t with an
overall tendency toward increasing (see Figure 4).
The exceptional feature of the risks of terrorist incidents over the past
10 years is that the growth of the magnitude of the risks R, the probability of
their occurrence P, and their damages U as measured in the number of victims
is proceeding 5–10 times more intensively than the increase in the risks, prob-
ability, and damages for natural, natural-technogenic, and technogenic extreme
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FIGURE 4 Change over time in the number N and severity T of catastrophes.
National, regional, and facility-level management, regulation, and security
efforts according to systemic risk criteria Rs feeds into a qualitative and quantita-
tive probabilistic, statistical, and deterministic analysis for the given time period
t of all parameters in Formulas 1–13 and implementation of comprehensive
measures to reduce systemic risks from the actual unacceptable levels RS to
acceptable (allowable) levels [RS ]:
(1 n ) RS = (1 nS ) PS US = FZ ( mZ Z ) (Formula 14)
where ns is the safety coefficient for systemic risks, [PS] and [US] are the accept-
able (allowable) probabilities and damages, Z is expenditures for risk reduction,
and mz is expenditure effectiveness (1 mz 10).
Security according to the risk criteria RS may be considered assured if the
inequality nS 1 is achieved.
For Russia, based on fundamental risk indicators, the magnitudes of nS are
extremely low at present (no more than 0.1).
The time period t for which it is possible to determine risks RS is generally
taken at 1 year ( t = 1 year).
In accordance with Formula 14, management of security and planning for its
improvement using a risk-based set of criteria leads to the following primary
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• developing scientific methods for analyzing risks RS and their basic pa-
rameters PS and US according to the system comprised by Formulas 1–6 and 10
• deciding on the level of acceptable magnitudes [Rs], [Ps], and[Us] while
assessing the magnitudes of reserve resources ns
• making a scientifically based determination of the level of expenditures Z
for risk reduction while selecting and increasing the effectiveness of these ex-
penditures (mz)
In managing the risk of terrorism RSTR according to Formula 14, the charac-
teristics UNTR, PNTR, UTTR, PTTR, UOTR, and POTR must first be singled out and
determined according to Formulas 7–9 and 11–13. These characteristics necessi-
tate separating out the component ZTR for the reduction of risks RSTR along with
its expenditure effectiveness mZTR from overall risk reduction expenditures Z.
Here, predicting, monitoring, and preventing accidents and catastrophes at
critical facilities turn out to be substantially more efficient than eliminating the
consequences of emergency situations. With the appropriate foundations for risk
reduction measures, the magnitudes Z can be significantly lower (mz times) than
the damages USTR inflicted on the economy by the unprotectedness of critical
facilities against terrorist acts.
In developing the fundamentals of state policy, the regulatory and legal
base, draft plans for federal programs and pilot industry-wide and facility-wide
projects to protect critical facilities, the population, and the vital infrastructure
against threats of a technogenic, natural, and terrorist nature, the following areas
of scientific research and development have the greatest significance:
• developing a base of scientific criteria for assessing the status of critical
facilities and preparing a state registry of such facilities appropriate for protec-
tion against terrorist actions
• creating scientific foundations and principles for the design, construc-
tion, and operation of facilities and building systems for their protection
• creating theories and methods for control, diagnostics, monitoring, and
forecasting of terrorism risks for critical facilities, operators, and personnel at the
stages of their design, construction, operation, and removal from service
• developing educational and methodological foundations for training and
retraining specialists and managers at all levels in ensuring protection for critical
facilities and analyzing and managing risks of terrorism
Based on the experience of the atomic energy and missile/aerospace tech-
nology industries in analyzing extreme situations of a technogenic nature, in-
cluding those initiated by terrorist acts, it has been proposed to classify accident
situations according to the degree of protection against them. The various types
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TABLE 2 Types of Accident Situations and Degrees of Protection
Normal (regular) Analysis of the risk of Degree of protection against
No. or accident situations technological terrorism accidents and catastrophes
1 Normal conditions Not conducted Heightened
2 Deviations from Not mandatory Sufficient
normal conditions
3 Design-related accidents Mandatory Partial
4 Not designed accidents Necessary Insufficient
5 Hypothetical accidents Important Low
of accidents and catastrophic situations in the technogenic sphere may be repre-
sented as follows (see Table 2) according to their degree and likelihood of occur-
rence at potentially dangerous facilities:
• operational—under normal operating conditions, occur during staff op-
eration of potentially dangerous facilities; have predictable consequences; high
degree of protection against them
• design-related—occur when ordinary operating regimes are exceeded;
have predictable and acceptable consequences; sufficient protection against them
• not designed—occur as a result of irreversible damages to key compo-
nents with heavy damages and high numbers of casualties; insufficient degree of
protection against them; require subsequent reconstruction work at the facility
• hypothetical—can occur as a result of previously unforeseeable scenarios
of development and entail the maximum possible damages and casualties; low
degree of protection against them; direct restoration of facilities impossible
Whereas until recently it was believed that major acts of terrorism could
primarily create hypothetical accident situations, now in a number of cases analy-
sis of the risks of terrorism must be extended to not designed and design-related
accidents as well. This entails a need to analyze the initiating actions of the
primary, secondary, and cascade impact factors and the degree of protection
against them at all stages of design, construction, and operations of potentially
dangerous facilities.
In developing methods and systems for protecting against technological ter-
rorism, the two basic tasks listed below must be taken into account:
1. reducing the risks of initiating actions
2. reducing the risks of extreme situations initiated by terrorist acts
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Containment facilities,
1 containers, bunkers,
Control and diagnostic systems
Self-protective passive systems
2 3
Security guards
Functional Natural
FIGURE 5 Types and systems of protection against accidents and catastrophes.
To protect elements of the engineered environment from terrorist-initiated
actions and consequent extreme situations, the following types of protection
systems are being studied and developed (see Figure 5):
• rigid protection—protection requiring the expenditure of a large amount
of energy to overcome
• continuous functional protection—protection that in an accident or de-
viation from normal operational status for the elements of a complex technical
system could take on certain system functions for a limited time or could prevent
an accident from progressing further
• natural protection—protection that involves the use of passive natural
phenomena and processes aimed at curtailing accidents and reducing the level of
impact factors
• security guards
Circles 1, 2, and 3 stand for separate types of protection systems. Areas of
intersection (1-2, 2-3, 1-3, and 1-2-3 correspond to a combination of correspon-
dent types of protection systems. Security guards system 4 is organized to ensure
protection of all the systems (1, 2, 3, 1-2, 2-3, 1-3, and 1-2-3).
Here the degree of protection against accident situations by all methods
remains varied (see Table 2).
Regarding the problem of technological terrorism, in addition to the protec-
tion systems mentioned above there is also a specialized security protection
system covering very high risk facilities, their personnel, and existing physical
protective barriers. These security forces include the appropriate militarized and
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specialized subunits equipped with weapons and military hardware and observa-
tion and warning systems. Combined protection unites the properties of inten-
sive, functional, natural, and security personnel-based protection systems.
One of the most important factors in overcoming all of the types of terror-
ism discussed in this paper has been and remains that of direct counteractions
against those who organize and carry out terrorist acts.
General Council of the Russian Federation Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Reinforcing
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Materials from an International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow: NII GP.
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Makhutov, N. A., M. Segal, and V. Stepanchikov. 2004. Threats of Terrorism and Engineered Emer-
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text:
2013-01-21, 22:53 | Link #782 |
Free Opinions Available
Join Date: Oct 2011
Location: Vacationing in the southern isles.
Assuming next month the author doesn't start with a "Kids return to a Japan overrun with dinosaurs" manga, the last 10 chapters could have been tied up pretty easily. Instead of the long drawn out this door won't open -- Oh the virus escaped plot, they could have found the directors office with:
a) Files on human cloning, or b) Mom's diary with explanation from Mina's Grandpa about off-course plane flying over US Navy time-hole experiment and blackmailing US government to fund island to land on 100 years in future. Unfortunately everyone dies before landing strip is begun and clone experiments run wild. Hades was guy sent through who went crazy after 20 years alone when not retrieved by science team. Something like that could have been done in 10 chapters if every one does not have to have a cliffhanger for a big reveal next week. |
2013-01-22, 09:26 | Link #783 |
Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2008
Location: all and none
that's all there really is to say about this ending... starshipw hit most of the points on the head. I'm mainly annoyed on how there somehow psychically predicted where they were going to land after a time travel jump and instead of making a nice normal resort they made jurassic park... seriously now... and of course the true mystery... WHAT IS WITH THE TIME TRAVELLLL!!!! ugh...
2013-01-22, 20:44 | Link #784 |
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Montreal
the series was great though the end was messy. i kind of expected this as it has so many plot twists and secrets. the ending was decent but by no means thought out as per pacing of the final events. it was rushed but it couldve been even worse.
there's been one aspect of the series that caught my attention rather early on. which magazine did this series get published in to allow the nudity scenes? im not for or against it but im surprised they even allowed such scenes. i can only guess its in the league of such seriers as Umi no Misaki and Kimi No Iru Machi. those 2 series have similar nudity though not as frequent as Cage of Eden.
2013-01-23, 03:57 | Link #785 | |
Senior Member
Join Date: Oct 2008
Location: stuck between galaxies
Even so, it's really conservative when you look at To Love-Ru which is on Jump. Frankly I'm surprised they'd let it get away with the kind of stuff that they've consistently shown in that manga. |
2013-01-23, 17:59 | Link #787 | |
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Montreal
COE is more concentrated though less frequent than TLR v1. TLR v1 is more often though its always conveniently covered. TLR Darkness is a different issue as its upper nudity and censored bottom areas. TLR darkness did catch me off guard because they were more upfront about it without even trying to hide it. TLR darkness really is running the fine line. COE was a good series but it ran its course. there's only so many mysteries you can think of and offer minimal answers. i beleive its more like show Lost, they cooked up so many subplots i literally got lost.
2013-01-24, 12:14 | Link #788 | |
Master of Coin
Join Date: Mar 2008
And the strange mummy in a brine jar who had an English ID...which does not make sense at all for people to stuff her in a barrel like that if they were running away from an massive viral plague breakdown. Unless one could argue that old lady mummy was really that girl who was by Senguku's dying mother's side, grew older, got killed, dumped down, and the murder went into the main lab to spread the plague. But that would be too far fetched. |
Tags |
shounen, survival |
Thread Tools | |

subset: commoncrawl


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Enrollment broke another record this fall and 34,268 students today study in UNT's many nationally and internationally recognized programs.
UNT Insider | September 2007 Issue
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September 2007
The UNT Insider, a monthly e-newsletter, connects UNT alumni and others to the university by letting you hear directly from President Gretchen M. Bataille. The UNT Insider is brought to you by the Office of the President in conjunction with the Division of University Relations, Communications and Marketing. Please send any comments or suggestions to email@example.com.


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Find out what you missed the past week. Countries highlighted in this review include the USA, UK, Latvia, Japan, Australia, Russia, Argentina, and Mexico.
Floyd Mayweather faces Canelo Alvarez this Saturday night. Here's how you can watch, plus schedules for other fights this week and Mayweather-Canelo live streams.
It's a solid fight weekend in the States, with Showtime and HBO going head-to-head on Saturday night from California and Montreal.
James DeGale faces Fulgencio Zuniga in Hull today on Channel 5 and WealthTV, with Kid Galahad in the co-feature. BLH has live coverage.
Pacquiao-Marquez IV is the weekend's marquee event, but plenty of notable names and stars are in action this week, including Mikkel Kessler, Yuriorkis Gamboa, Darren Barker, James DeGale, Koki Kameda, Giovani Segura, and more.
Kid Galahad was just too good for Josh Wale today, staying unbeaten with a stoppage win. Bad Left Hook has more.
Kid Galahad faces Josh Wale, and Chris Eubank Jr is in action on Channel 5. Bad Left Hook has live coverage.
Brian Viloria faces Omar Nino for a third time this Saturday in the Philippines, plus more on this week's boxing TV schedule, including the Mayweather vs Cotto and Canelo vs Mosley replays.
Andy Lee's next fight is set for March 10, and Hennessy Sports brings live boxing to Channel 5 this weekend. Bad Left Hook has more.
Recap of John Murray's successful European lightweight title defense over Andrei Kudriavtsev this past Saturday night in Wigan.
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Lorenzo initially put his Yamaha 0.7s clear of the field, before Pedrosa's Honda got within 0.014s of the benchmark.
A late improvement then stretched Lorenzo's advantage to nearly two tenths of a second, as the championship leader lapping in 1m46.558s.
Pedrosa also went quicker, but could only manage a 1m46.699s so had to settle for second.
Casey Stoner marked his return to the second Honda after his injury absence with fourth place. The reigning champion was 0.6s down on team-mate Pedrosa as he assessed his fitness.
Tech 3 Yamaha's Andrea Dovizioso split the two Hondas in third. Fellow Yamaha men Ben Spies and Cal Crutchlow completed the top six.
The works Ducatis were back in seventh and 10th with Nicky Hayden and Valentino Rossi.


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I've been MIA for a while.. but I'm back and I have a bunch of projects that I've sewn in the last year!
I made my wedding dress over the course of a few months and here's the final product. I used an ivory silk satin for the dress and a heavy silk blend lace for the jacket.
Feb 10, 2013, 01.56 PMby Cristina Staicu
Wow.., you look fantastic! Beautiful beautiful dress and lace :)
Feb 9, 2013, 07.05 PMby eliseanna
Wow this is beautiful. I love the pockets, the little jacket and the whole look. Amazing!
Feb 9, 2013, 03.01 PMby ink
Congratulations! What adorable pictures. Along with the gorgeous dress I love the banners hanging, so endearing. Happy marriage, health and happiness to you!
Feb 9, 2013, 02.22 PMby melonhead
You look absolutely gorgeous and your dress is beautiful! I adore the pockets! Congratulations!
Feb 9, 2013, 06.18 AMby blueartisan
Stunning! Pockets on a wedding dress? Genius!!! You look fabulous! Congratulations!
Feb 8, 2013, 11.19 PMby Mary Athey
Congrats on.your wedding.you looked stunming. The dress and jacket where gorgeous on you x
Feb 8, 2013, 09.43 PMby schnui
You look beautiful in your gorgeous wedding dress. The lace jacket is such a good idea and adds so much class.
Feb 8, 2013, 09.03 PMby clementine75
Wow !!! Very nice wedding dress !!! And congrats ;-)
Feb 8, 2013, 08.24 PMby bjr99
Great dress. I just LOVE the pocket. Congrats on your wedding!!!
Sewing & Techniques
Check out this guide all about mini closure solutions!
Editors' Pick
Take a trip down the aisle in these gorgeous gowns, or change the fabrics for a spring party dress.
Fashion & Trends
See a few of our favorite looks, and the Burda patterns we're inspired to make!
It's time to enter for our grand prize, an EX100 machine PLUS a trip to Nashville!
Pattern of the Week
A body skimming shift goes mod with graphic stripes and square neckline!


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WindowBlinds is .. the bomb. I hated Windows XP "My First Computer" look… it looked like Fischer Price designed it. In comes Windowblinds, a program that lets you customize the look and feel of the graphical user interface of Windows. By applying skins WindowBlinds can change title bars, borders, push buttons, scroll bars, the taskbar, the Start menu and virtually everything you can think of inside Windows.� There are thousands of skins our on Stardocks WinCustomize. My most recent favorite is aerial by danilloOc:
(Click image to view larger)
WindowBlinds 5.5 is a major update in that it is the first program to allow users to change the look and feel of Windows Vista. Thanks to a some magic Stardock calls "SmartSkinning", WindowBlinds allows skins created for Windows XP to be used to skin Windows Vista. Pretty slick huh? WindowBlinds 5.5 then transforms the skin, on-the-fly, to conform to the new user interface conventions of Windows Vista to give it a distinctly Windows Vista look and feel.
Windowblinds is available from Stardock, it's only $19. They have an suite of tools called Object Desktop that does icons, skins, etc… I've used it for YEARS and love it. (btw… if you think this slows your pc down, you're WRONG. Search the net, with the default XP skin Windowblinds actually rendered faster than XP without Windowblinds)


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Discussion on Happy Full Moon Festival!! within the The Sarlacc Pit forum, part of the Community category;
Another beautiful SoCal Night! Clone Wars and Full Moons
Hey Debbie,
Thanks! Right back at ya. Loads of mooncakes to go around and kids with lanterns over here in Singapore.
Stay safe,
awww, take some pics and post them!
Hi Debbie,
Missed the kids with the lanterns but here's a pic of some Mooncakes.
Stay safe,


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Welcome International Customers
We're excited to share our jewelry collection with you!
Just choose your country and currency to personalize your shopping experience.
We're excited to share our jewelry collection with you!
Just choose your country and currency to personalize your shopping experience.
Item#: 817839
C. 2000. Poised and proper, and appearing as if it could be the signature piece in a special exhibit at the museum, this gorgeous 1.53 carat diamond solitaire ring from our Estate collection makes a breathtaking statement. Features an oval, cushion-cut diamond in a classically beautiful setting. Platinum ring. Exclusive, one-of-a-kind Estate Jewelry.
Our 100%
Width: | 5/16 inch |
Metal: | Platinum |
Finish: | Polished |
Stone 1: | Diamond Diamond: The hardest and most brilliant of all gemstones, a diamond can make the heart race with its pure and fiery spark. An ancient symbol of love, a diamond is the preferred gemstone for tokens of affection, such as rings, earrings, necklaces and bracelets. Diamond is the birthstone for April. (Quantity: 1, Shape & Cutting Style: Oval Cushion, Color Grade: H, Clarity: I1, Weight: 1.53 carats) |
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Thursday, Sept. 26
Chicago Public, Big Shoulders
Taft at Mather, at Lane
Chicago Public, Great Lakes
Solorio at Corliss, 4:15 at Gately
Chicago Public, Illini Heartland
Hope at Harper, 4:15 at Stagg
Chicago Public, Illini Land of Lincoln
Julian at King, 7:30 at Gately
Chicago Public, Inter-City 1
Little Village at Clemente, 4:15 at Lane
Marine at Douglass, 4:15 at Hanson
Prosser at Kelvyn Park, 7:30 at Hanson
Chicago Public, Inter-City 4
Ellison at South Shore, 4:15 at Eckersall
Chicago Public, Second City
Clark at Manley, 4:15 at Rockne
Friday, Sept. 27
Games at 7:30 unless noted
Big Northern East
Burlington Central at Genoa-Kingston, 7
Harvard at Marengo, 7:15
Central Suburban North
Deerfield at Highland Park, 7
Maine East at Glenbrook North, 7
Niles North at Maine West
Central Suburban South
Glenbrook South at Maine South, 7
Waukegan at New Trier
Chicago Catholic Blue
Loyola at Brother Rice
Mount Carmel at St. Rita
Chicago Catholic White
Fenwick at St. Ignatius, at St. Xavier University
St. Laurence at Bishop McNamara
Chicago Public, Big Shoulders
Amundsen at Roosevelt, 4:15 at Lane
Lincoln Park at Steinmetz, 4:15 at Hanson
Chicago Public, Illini Heartland
Brooks at Marshall, 4:15 at Rockne
VOISE Academy at Collins, 4:15 at Douglass
Chicago Public, Illini Land of Lincoln
Harlan at Phillips, 7 at Mandrake
Chicago Public, Illini Prairie State
Hubbard at Robeson, 4:15 at Stagg
Chicago Public, Illini Red Bird
Curie at Simeon, 7:30 at Gately
Lane at Vocational, 4:15 at Gately
Chicago Public, Inter-City 2
Bronzeville at Tilden, 4:15 at Eckersall
Chicago Public, Inter-City 4
Ag. Science at Crane, 7:30 at Hanson
Chicago Public, Second City
Lake View at North Lawndale, at Lane
Sullivan at Uplift, 4:15 at Winnemac
DuPage Valley
Glenbard North at Glenbard East
Naperville Central at West Aurora
Wheaton North at Lake Park, at West Campus
Wheaton Warrenville South at Naperville North
East Suburban Catholic
Benet at Marian Catholic
Nazareth at Carmel
Marist at Joliet Catholic, at Joliet Memorial Stadium
Notre Dame at St. Viator, at Forest View Stadium
Fox Valley Fox
Crystal Lake Central at Grayslake Central, 7:15
Hampshire at Grayslake North, 7:15
Johnsburg at Woodstock North, 7:15
Fox Valley Valley
Cary-Grove at Prairie Ridge, 7:15
Crystal Lake South at McHenry, 7:15 at McCracken Field
Huntley at Dundee-Crown, 7:15
Interstate Eight Large
Herscher at Plano
Manteno at Peotone
Sandwich at Coal City
Interstate Eight Small
Dwight at Lisle, 7:15 at Benedictine University
Seneca at Wilmington
Westmont at Reed-Custer
Metro Suburban
Elmwood Park at Glenbard South, 7:15
Riverside-Brookfield at Ridgewood, 7:15
Mid-Suburban East
Elk Grove at Buffalo Grove, 7
Prospect at Hersey, 7
Wheeling at Rolling Meadows, 7
Mid-Suburban West
Barrington at Schaumburg, 7
Conant at Palatine, 7
Fremd at Hoffman Estates, 7
North Suburban Lake
Lake Forest at Lake Zurich
Mundelein at Zion-Benton
Warren at Libertyville
North Suburban Prairie
Antioch at Round Lake
Lakes at Wauconda
North Chicago at Grant
Northeastern Athletic
Hiawatha at Ottawa Marquette, 7
Luther North at Hope Academy, 7
North Shore at Rockford Christian Life, 7
Northern Illinois Conference-10
Belvidere North at Rockford Guilford, 7:15
Machesney Park Harlem at Belvidere, 7:15
Northern Illinois Big 12 East
Morris at Yorkville
Rochelle at Kaneland
South Suburban Blue
Hillcrest at Oak Forest, 7
T.F. South at Bremen, 7
Tinley Park at Lemont, 7
South Suburban Red
Eisenhower at Oak Lawn, 7
Evergreen Park at Richards, 7
Shepard at Reavis, 7
Southwest Prairie
Oswego East at Oswego, 7
Plainfield East at Minooka, 7
Plainfield Central at Plainfield North, 7
Romeoville at Plainfield South, 7
Southwest Suburban Blue
Joliet Central at Sandburg, 7:15
Joliet West at Bolingbrook
Lincoln-Way East at Homewood-Flossmoor
Stagg at Lockport, 7
Southwest Suburban Red
Andrew at Lincoln-Way West
Thornridge at Lincoln-Way Central
Thornton at Lincoln-Way North, 7:15
Thornwood at Bradley-Bourbonnais
Suburban Christian Blue
Aurora Christian at St. Francis, 7
Montini at Marmion
Suburban Christian Gold
Guerin at Chicago Christian
Upstate Eight River
Elgin at St. Charles East
Larkin at Streamwood
St. Charles North at Geneva
Upstate Eight Valley
Bartlett at Waubonsie Valley
Neuqua Valley at East Aurora
South Elgin at Metea Valley
West Suburban Gold
Addison Trail at Hinsdale South
Downers Grove South at Leyden
Willowbrook at Morton
West Suburban Silver
Lyons at Downers Grove North
Oak Park at York
Argo at T.F. North, 6:45
DeKalb at Streator
Gordon at Providence Catholic
Leo at Fenton, 7:15
Mendota at Richmond-Burton, 7
St. Edward at Aurora Central, 7
St. Joseph at De La Salle
Sycamore at Ottawa, 7:15
Vernon Hills at Stevenson
West Chicago at Batavia
Woodstock at Jacobs, 7:15
Saturday, Sept. 28
Central Suburban South
Evanston at Niles West, 1
Chicago Public, Big Shoulders
Schurz at Young, 12:45 at Rockne
Chicago Public, Great Lakes
Bowen at Payton, 1:15 at Lane
Carver at Phoenix, 4:15 at Hanson
Bulls Prep at Lindblom, 9:30 a.m. at Stagg
Chicago Public, Illini Land of Lincoln
Raby at Westinghouse, 2
Chicago Public, Illini Prairie State
Bogan at Morgan Park, 7:30 at Gately
Orr at Perspectives-Leadership, 12:45 at Stagg
Chicago Public, Illini Red Bird
Foreman at Dunbar, 4:15 at Gately
Chicago Public, Inter-City 1
Senn at Farragut, 4 at Winnemac
Chicago Public, Inter-City 2
Juarez at Gage Park, 4:15 Lane
Kelly at Hirsch, 9:30 a.m. at Eckersall
Kennedy at Dyett, 9:30 a.m. at Rockne
Chicago Public, Inter-City 3
Comer at Rauner, 10 a.m. at Lane
Muchin at Golder, 12:45 a.m. Winnemac
Noble Street at Rowe-Clark, 9:30 a.m. at Winnemac
UIC Prep at Pritzker, 7:30 at Hanson
Chicago Public, Inter-City 4
South Shore International at Johnson, 4 at Rockne
Woodlawn at Hawkins, 1:15 at Gately
Chicago Public, Second City
Chicago Academy at Urban Prep/West, at Lane
Chicago Public, Windy City
DuSable at TEAM Englewood, 4 at Stagg
Hyde Park at Kenwood, 12:45 at Eckersall
Urban Prep/Englewood at Urban Prep/Bronzeville, 4 at Eckersall
Washington at Fenger, 10 a.m. at Gately
Northeastern Athletic
Mooseheart at Christian Liberty Academy, 1
Westminster Christian at Alden-Hebron, 1
Crete-Monee at Rich East, noon
Kankakee at Rich South, noon
Rich Central at Bloom, noon at Bloom Trail
Suburban Christian Gold
Walther Lutheran at Wheaton Academy, 7:30 at Wheaton College
West Suburban Silver
Hinsdale Central at Glenbard West, 1:30
Bloomington at St. Patrick, 1:15 at Hanson Stadium
Hales at Lake Forest Academy, 2
Marian Central at Immaculate Conception, 1
Proviso West at Proviso East, 1:30
St. Francis deSales vs. Crossroads Academy, 4 at Aurora Christian


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Located in the North Lodge / Upper Level
The best view in the lodge features a great full service menu of flatbreads, gourmet pizzas, salads, pastas and our hot toasted Sub Sandwiches. Our full bar features a fine selection of Northwest microbrews and wines. There are 3 large screen plasma TVs presenting sporting events, and the adjacent Vertical North is where you can meet your friends at the end of the day in front of the fireplace. We feature live music on Saturdays in January and February.
The Vertical North is also available for large parties or special events. Contact us at 503.337.2222, ext. 1187 for more information.
Families are welcome at anytime; we have a great kids menu!
Open most weekends and holidays at 10:30 AM. 2013-14 Vertical Menu 2013-14 Vertical Kid's Menu
Connectivity for laptops and I-Touches!


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In a foreign warzone, some of the trappings of a traditional Asatru holiday are forgone out of necessity.
There is no alcohol available, fires become a security concern as well as a highly regulated event when they are permitted at all, and feasting is limited to carry-out plates from the chow hall if you are fortunate and Meals Ready to Eat if you are not. Hard copies of Eddic Sagas and study materials take up too much space and weight where both are premium commodities, and the infrastructure (and safety) doesn't support portable options like smart-phones to use as the ever-present resource they have become back home.
What we are generally left with is near-beer, companionship, and memories of our favorite components of our lore. I can say without reservation that my Winter Finding experience was the best heathen holiday I could have asked for.


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Health Day - ONLINE EDITION
Posted: 03/17/2013 9:00 AM | Comments: 0
SUNDAY, March 17 (HealthDay News) -- It's the time of year when cold season and allergy season overlap, and parents need to know the active ingredients in the medicines they give their children for these conditions, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warns.
Taking more than one medicine at a time could cause serious health problems if the drugs have the same active ingredient, which is the component that makes the medicine effective against a particular condition.
For over-the-counter products, active ingredients are listed first on a medicine's Drug Facts label. For prescription medicines, active ingredients are listed in a patient package insert or consumer information sheet provided by the pharmacist, the FDA said.
Many medicines have just one active ingredient. But combination medicines -- such as those for allergy, cough or fever and congestion -- may have more than one.
Antihistamine is an active ingredient found in cold and allergy medicines. Too much antihistamine can cause sedation or agitation. In rare cases, it can cause breathing problems.
"We're just starting allergy season," Dr. Hari Cheryl Sachs, an FDA pediatrician, said in an agency news release. "Many parents may be giving their children at least one product with an antihistamine in it."
Over-the-counter antihistamines include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), clemastine (Tavist), fexofenadine (Allegra), loratadine (Claritin, Alavert), and cetirizine (Zyrtec). Parents need to be cautious if they're also giving their child medicines to treat a cough or cold.
"It's important not to inadvertently give your child a double dose," Sachs said.
Other active ingredients that can be found in both allergy and cold medicines include: acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin), and decongestants such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine. All can cause serious health problems if children take too much of them.
Parents need to keep track of every medicine and the active ingredients each contains, Sachs said. She recommended making it a habit to write down the name of any over-the-counter or prescription medicine given to a child.
"It's really a good idea to carry that list with you when you go to see your pediatrician or even when you go to the pharmacy," Sachs said.
Parents should also make note of any vitamins or supplements a child is taking, as these can also have potentially harmful interactions with certain medicines.
More information
The Nemours Foundation has more about children and medication safety.
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All your childcare needs can now be solved in one place- babysitters, nannies and newborn carers. We are ready to work with your family, just create an account with Expect A Star!
We have an extensive range of experienced and qualified babysitters in all major Australian cities available to meet your requirements, even at the last minute!
Simple register with us and then make a booking. We will take care of the rest – because your kids deserve the very best.
We are ready to find that perfect nanny for your family - we just need a little information in order to ensure your nanny is the right fit.
With two different services available, our experienced consultants will help you through the process.
Do you need a babysitter for a regular or a frequent period of time?
We can provide the right carer for you no matter how complex your timetable. Simply contact us and we'll take care of the rest.
Simply register with us and then make your booking.
You can make booking for immediate services or in advance.
Alternatively, call 1300 669 653 and one of our friendly consultants will assist with any enquiries you may have.
We left home with confidence that our precious little bub Saskia was in excellent hands and returned to a peaceful house. Overall we were thrilled with the Expect A Star service and wouldn't hesitate to recommend to other families and look forward to using the service again.
~ V. Grant, Mother, Stanmore, NSW


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This modest budget can take homebuyers a whole lot further in places like Atlanta and Dallas than in New York or Boston. Take a look at 15 houses and condos we found in Boston, Seattle, Philadelphia, Minneapolis, Miami, Phoenix, and beyond, all for around $300,000.
Listings are current as of Nov. 13, 2012. All photos and property information are provided by Boston.com and Zillow.com.


text:
Charles River Laboratories Schedules Fourth-Quarter 2013 Earnings And 2014 Guidance Release And Conference Call
Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. (NYSE: CRL) will release fourth-quarter and full-year 2013 financial results and provide 2014 financial guidance on Tuesday, February 11 th, after the market closes. A conference call has been scheduled to discuss this information on Wednesday, February 12 th, at 8:30 a.m. ET.
Investors will have the opportunity to listen to a live webcast of the conference call through the Investor Relations section of the Company's website at ir.criver.com. A replay will be accessible through the same website.
About Charles River
Accelerating Drug Development. Exactly. Charles River provides essential
products and services to help pharmaceutical and biotechnology
companies, government agencies and leading academic institutions around
the globe accelerate their research and drug development efforts. Our
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Nature TV "Prince of the Alps" Photo Contest
By Will • Jun 25th, 2008 • Category: CyclingIn May, Doreen and I spent three days cycling around Gstaad, Switzerland. Someone saw one of the photos and invited me to enter the PBS Nature – Television "Prince of the Alps" photo contest.
And the photo placed in the top 10 – sort of cool.


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Days Inn WilliamstownDog-Friendly Hotels211 Ky 36 WestWilliamstown,Kentucky 41097Call 866-676-3077 To Book This Hotel Get Map or Directions Welcome to the Days Inn Williamstown, KY. We are an Award winning hotel conveniently located between Cincinnati, OH and Lexington, KY. We offer many amenities including free highspeed wireless Internet, free Daybreak Breakfast, In-Room Coffee and Tea, Outdoor Seasonal Pool and expanded cable with HBO. We are located near many area attractions and offer Truck, Bus and RV parking.Dogs of all sizes are allowed. Dogs are allowed for a nightly pet fee.
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Department of NursingMorehead State UniversityCenter for Health Education & Research316 West Second Street, Room 201AMorehead, Kentucky 40351Phone: 606-783-2438Fax: 606-783-9211E-mail: email@example.com or email@example.com
Welcome to the Department of Nursing's website at Morehead State University! We are happy that you are interested our nursing programs! We have offered the Associate Degree RN program since 1971. In 1986 the BSN degree program was initiated and both traditional and RN to BSN completion students were admitted. Additionally we have a Paramedic to Associate Degree Nursing Program (ADNP) completion program. The Department of Nursing is working toward offering a Doctor of Nurse Practice (DNP) program in the future.
Both programs are approved through the Kentucky Board of Nursing (KBN). The ADNP is accredited through the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing, Inc. (ACEN). A smaller cohort of ADNP students are taught at the Mt. Sterling satellite campus. The Baccalaureate Nursing Program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. There is an online RN to BSN completion program for Registered nurses (RN) holding the Associate Degree or Diploma in Nursing. Additionally, there is a face-to-face BSN program in Prestonsburg at the MSU satellite campus. The curricula consist of courses from the humanities, natural and social sciences, mathematical sciences and nursing theory/science. The Department of Nursing has clinical affiliation contracts with over 60 health care institutions across the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Large urban, teaching and research medical centers, community hospitals, hospices, long-term care facilities, public health department among other clinical service agencies augment the clinical learning opportunities for our nursing students.
Students are advised by two (2) Academic Counseling Coordinators (ACC) and also are guided by faculty advisors once admitted to the nursing program.
Contact Information for Advisors
Carla Aagaard, ACC
Phone: 606-783-2641
E-mail: email@example.com
Misty Lilley, Regional ACC
Phone: 606-783-2639
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Advisor Fax Machine Number: Fax: 606-783-9211
The Department of Nursing faculty and staff employ high tech teaching-learning strategies throughout the nursing curricula. In addition to the nursing faculty, there are two clinical laboratory coordinators, a simulation specialist and an Information Technology and Multi-Media Lab (MML) Specialist.
Promotion of critical thinking and clinical skills acquisition occurs in our STAT (Simulation through Advanced Technology) Nursing Labs. Our 44 bed nursing unit consists of four 10-bed labs and 4 specialty units, where students work with low, medium, and high fidelity manikins along with live actor-clients.
© Copyright 2012 Morehead State University - 150 University Blvd. Morehead, KY 40351 • 1.800.585.6781 MSU is an affirmative action, equal opportunity, educational institution.


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Item title reads - Review of 1960.
Library footage showing notable events of the year.
L/S Victoria Falls in Africa. M/S Harold Macmillan walking along, L/S Falls. M/S as he looks out over them. L/S Kariba dam, Macmillan looks over the edge. L/S from top of dam looking out over mountains....
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Are you ready for reusable diapers? No one is suggesting you ditch disposable diapers altogether, but switching to reusable for, say, when baby is playing at home certainly reduces waste. And something like a FuzziBunz®, above, is so ridiculously soft you can't help but want it against baby's skin. You wash the diapers in the washing machine; shockingly, they don't hold stains ($18-$20/each; fuzzibunz.com)
Tags: American Baby Magazine, caring for FuzziBunz diapers, FuzziBunz diapers, reusable diapers


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Larry Michael Kaminski
Position: C
Height: 6-2 Weight: 245 lbs.
Born: January 6, 1945 in Cleveland, OH
College: Purdue (school history)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 31 (3096th overall since 1950)
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I have bought quite a bit of equipment from MBP Photographic over the past few years and never had any problems. The equipment is accurately described and normally in better condition than I have expected. However as with any used equipment you can never be sure that something doesn't go wrong. My favourite Canon 24-105mm lens recently packed up, so I got in touch with MPB from whom I had purchased the lens. I have to say that it was debatable whether or not the lens was still under their warranty, but MPB didn't hesitate in helping me and even agreed to letting me have the lens repaired by a Canon repair shop in Berlin to save me sending the lens back to England. They reimbursed the total sum including the postage quickly and efficiently.
They offer a great service and I shall undoubtedly be buying from them again in the future.
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Captain Dan Dive Site in Fort Lauderdale, Florida Waterproof 3D Dive Site Card
This 5-1/2 x 8-1/2" card provides a detailed depiction of the Captain Dan dive site in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Each waterproof card is double sided, made of durable PVC plastic and is designed to be taken on the dive. They are also 3 hole punched to fit in standard log books. Originally named the Hollyhock, this 175 foot long ex-USCG buoy tender was sunk as an artificial reef on February 20, 1990. She now lies in 110 feet of water with her bow pointing North. With all the levels, passage ways, cabins, etc. this is one of the busiest wrecks in the area. See it once or see it many times --- it's always a treat.Captain Dan Dive Site in Fort Lauderdale, Florida:


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Nathan and Sara Rector of Olathe are the parents of a daughter, Danica Marie Rector, born May 8, 2012, at Delta County Memorial Hospital. She weighed 8 pounds, 6.13 ounces and was 19.5 inches in length.
Read more...
Alex and Denise Seitz of Delta are the parents of a daughter, Avery Elizabeth Seitz, born May 3, 2012, at Montrose Memorial Hospital. She weighed seven pounds and was 19.25 inches in length.
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Sausage Pasta Stew Recipe
I rely on my slow cooker to prepare this chili-like specialty. It's packed with turkey sausage, pasta and vegetables. My gang gobbles it up without realizing they're eating healthy. Sarah Bowen of Upland, California
- 1 pound turkey Italian sausage links, casings removed
- 4 cups water
- 1 jar (24 ounces) meatless spaghetti sauce
- 1 can (16 ounces) kidney beans, rinsed and drained
- 1 medium yellow summer squash, halved lengthwise and cut into 1-inch pieces
- 2 medium carrots, sliced
- 1 medium sweet red or green pepper, diced
- 1/3 cup chopped onion
- 1-1/2 cups uncooked spiral pasta
- 1 cup frozen peas
- 1 teaspoon sugar
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon pepper
- In a nonstick skillet, cook sausage over medium heat until no longer pink; drain and place in a 5-qt. slow cooker. Stir in the water, spaghetti sauce, beans, summer squash, carrots, red pepper and onion.
- Cover and cook on low for 7-9 hours or until vegetables are tender.
- Stir in the pasta, peas, sugar, salt and pepper. Cover and cook on high for 15-20 minutes or until pasta is tender. Yield: 8 servings.
Originally published as Sausage Pasta Stew in Light & Tasty
February/March 2002, p37
Reviews for Sausage Pasta Stew(3)
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Reviewed Sep. 27, 2013
This recipe is delicous! I served it with crushed red pepper because my husband and I like things spicy. Thank you for the recipe!
Reviewed Sep. 23, 2013
This crockpot meal was easy and delicious! I served it with red pepper flanks because my husband and I like things spicy. I definitely will be making this again!
Reviewed May. 12, 2012
This is a great recipe! I've made it with turkey sausage and regular Italian sausage and it is so full of flavor. Family loves it!
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Will 2013 Bring New Hope To Cuban-American Relations?
The New Year marked 54 years since the Castro Revolution in Cuba. Since then, there have been 11 U.S. Presidents. Will 2013 finally be a year of major change on the island? Will Cuban-American relations improve?
We brought together two experts to look into their crystal balls, El Nuevo Herald reporter Juan Tamayo and Dr. Andy Gomez of the University of Miami's Institute of Cuban-American studies.
Both agree that nothing will change without the release of American contractor Alan Gross, who has now been held in Cuba as an accused spy for more than three years.
While some economic reforms have taken effect, Raul Castro remains in power as president.
Despite continuous rumors of his death, former President Fidel Castro remains alive. Now that he is reelected in the U. S., will President Barack Obama make any more overtures to the island?
Gomez remains skeptical. "It all depends this coming year on what the Cuban government is going do to. I think the move is on their part."
Tamayo agrees. "The continued holding of Alan Gross indicates that Raul Castro isn't really interested in paying the price for improved Cuban-American relations right now."
The impetus for change may not come from Cuba at all. It may come from the country's number one ally, Venezuela.
With leftist President Hugo Chavez's health again in question, and with $10 billion in annual subsidies sent from Venezuela to Cuba, is his survival essential to the survival of the Castro brothers?
"Will Venezuela continue to provide that kind of support?" asks Dr. Gomez. "If not, it would create a bigger problem for Cuba internally."
Tamayo believes that 81-year-old Raul Castro isn't going anywhere as President, but doubts remain about his power. "Yeah, Raul is the ruler," he said. "There's no question about who rules Cuba. There's a lot of questions about what orders are obeyed."
And what about Fidel? The 86-year-old former leader continues to operate in the shadows. But has he lost any of the influence he once had?
"Are the Cuban people ready to go from Fidelismo to Raulismo?" asks Gomez.
He believes that recent economic reforms on the island allowing some Cubans to own their own businesses were from the hand of Raul, who is finally making his mark, five years after taking the presidency from his brother.
The bigger question, say Gomez, is whether Cuba's younger population still believes in the 54-year-old revolution, or is tired of the same old leaders, who are trying desperately to inject new life in to an aging regime.
Fidel Castro
Cuba & Venezuela


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The Sunset Plant Finder helps you choose the right flowers and plants for your climate and gardening style
more14 common garden invaders and the best ways to control them
moreA nice, big planting box is just the thing for summer veggies, herbs, and flowers. See how to make it in five simple steps
morePlanting and shopping
• Bulbs Shop nurseries for bulbs planted in 4- or 6-inch pots. For sunny spots, choose agapanthus, calla, canna, crocosmia, dahlia, gladiolus, and tigridia. For shade, you can't beat tuberous begonia.
• Landscape plants Plant balled-and-burlapped or container-grown groundcovers, vines, trees, and shrubs, including roses from the Flower Carpet series.
• Try columnar planters Create freestanding towers of flowers with containers set on columns from Kinsman Company (800/733-4146). Plastic-coated steel baskets are lined with fiber mats that have holes cut in the sides, so you plant in the top and the sides. We've had great results with them in Sunset's test garden. Plant now, so foliage and flowers will completely cover the baskets in summer.
• Grow hotter peppers Scoville heat units, which measure the fire of peppers, range from practically zero for bell peppers up to 350,000 SHU for habaneros ― but any variety of pepper will develop more heat when grown in a warmer place versus a cooler spot. If you grow your peppers against a south wall, the higher ambient temperature, reflected heat, and protection against prevailing winds will combine to turn up the spiciness of the pepper.
• Sow annuals to fill bare spots In a sunny bed of well-prepared soil, sow cosmos, marigold, nasturtium, portulaca, sweet alyssum, and zinnia. When they become seedlings, transplant them to spaces that have opened up after edibles were harvested or flowers faded on earlier bloomers.
• Use groundcovers for dry banks Exposed, dry banks may seem like daunting places to plant, but many groundcovers grow well on them. Try Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, any kind of thyme, or trailing types of ceanothus, cotoneaster, juniper, or rosemary.
• Prevent wormy apples If last year's ripe apples had one hole bored into the fruit and one hole out, you had coddling moths (apple worms). If your fruit was riddled with tunnels, you had apple maggots. Both pests will be back, unless you take preventive measures; spray trees with an organic pesticide containing spinosad.
• Treat aphids The insects deform tender new leaves and, more important, spread plant diseases. When you begin to notice
a lot of aphids, blast them off plants with a jet of water from the hose. You may have to go through the process two or three
times for complete control. In serious cases, follow up with a spray of insecticidal soap.
• Deadhead flowering plants Snip faded flowers to prevent seed from setting, which slows or stops the bloom cycle.
• Divide perennials After bloom, dig up spring-flowering irises, Oriental poppies, and primulas, and divide them. Some plants, like Oriental poppies, can be separated root by root; others, like irises, have to be cut apart with a shovel or knife. As you work, throw away or compost woody or dead parts of the root.
• Prune candles on pines Light green, finger-like shoots of new growth on pines are called candles. As needles begin to open, you can break off the top half of each candle to limit growth. This old bonsai trick works well with landscape pines.
Next: Grow summer herbs
Plant Thai basil and cilantro now, and you'll have fresh herbs all summer and beyond. Both annuals love sun and ample water, and do well in pots. Start basil from seedlings; to prolong leaf production, pinch off flower spikes as they develop, or let them go to enjoy the purple blooms. Because cilantro germinates quickly, sow seeds directly in the container. Begin harvesting when plants reach 6 inches tall; if you live in the low desert, wait to sow until fall.
More: Nine indispensable herbs
–Sharon Cohoon
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Who We Are
CIEE is a dedicated group of experts working to define, plan, and manage public-interest energy research. Based in the University of California, CIEE puts leading researchers to work on energy challenges, yielding new ideas and technologies to meet California's pace-setting energy goals.
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Browse our Library to see the breadth and depth of CIEE's research projects, like these featured here.
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Browse results from this expansive climate change study managed by CIEE. Involving over 120 researchers, these reports give planners, public-health officials, land-use managers, and others the research-backed basis they need to develop strategies to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
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0 based on 0 Customer Reviews0 Customer Reviews
This 100% silk swab is one of the best swabs available. Very absorbent, this swab features a tapered cut to limit the chance of getting stuck in the instrument.
GCR FOR I CODE Silk Bass Clarinet Swab
Order today with the no-risk assurance of our Total Satisfaction and Low Price Guarantees!
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U.S., India ink cyber security cooperation pact
The United States and India signed a Memorandum of Understanding to foster closer cooperation and timely exchange of information between their respective government organizations responsible for cyber security
Jane Holl Lute, Deputy Secretary for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and R. Chandrashekhar, Secretary, India Department of Information Technology inked the Memorandum of Understanding in New Delhi. The pact helps fulfill the joint commitment to advance global security and countering terrorism, officials said.
Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano visited India in May to launch the U.S.-India Homeland Security Dialogue with Indian Minister of Home Affairs P. Chidambaram. The 2011 HSD was the first comprehensive bilateral dialogue on homeland security issues between the United States and India. During her visit, the countries agreed to create the MOU, and negotiations for the non-binding arrangements wrapped up at the June 2011 meeting of the Information and Communications Technology Dialogue by the Indo-U.S. Working Group in Washington, D.C.
The MOU establishes best practices for the exchange of critical cyber security information and expertise between the two governments through the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, and DHS' United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT).
Through this arrangement, the respective governments and cyber security communities in the United States and India will have the ability to coordinate with their counterparts on a broad range of technical and operational cyber issues.
US-CERT's mission is to improve the nation's cyber security posture, coordinate cyber information sharing and proactively manage cyber risks to the nation while protecting the constitutional rights of Americans. US-CERT serves as the operational arm of DHS' National Cyber Security Division.
- Edited by Chris Vavra, Plant Engineering, www.plantengineering.com
Integrator Guide
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Visit the System Integrators page to view past winners of Control Engineering's System Integrator of the Year Award and learn how to enter the competition. You will also find more information on system integrators and Control System Integrators Association.
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Definition of wh-word in English:
Syllabification: wh-wordnoun
Grammar- Any of a class of English words used to introduce questions and relative clauses. The main wh-words are why, who, which, what, where, when, and how.More example sentences
- Haj Ross named this process 'pied piping', conjuring an image of the wh-word luring the preposition out of its original position, just as the Pied Piper lured the rats and children out of Hamelin.
- McGreevey's use was just that adjacency to a preposition seems to make the insertion of whom somewhat more likely, presumably because in many cases, the wh-word would really be the object of the preposition.
- As far as I know, every instance of a double-is construction has a plausible (fully grammatical) alternate with an overt wh-word; but the mapping doesn't always work in the other direction.


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Posted November 27, 2012 on
AP on Fox
Andre Gurode,
Lance Louis,
Jared Allen,
Chris Spencer,
Chilo Rachal,
Amobi Okoye,
Raymond Radway,
Chris Riley
TEAMS: Chicago Bears, Minnesota Vikings
TEAMS: Chicago Bears, Minnesota Vikings
The Chicago Bears have signed former Pro Bowl offensive lineman Andre Gurode, hoping to boost a short-handed unit.
The Bears announced the signing Tuesday, a day after right guard Lance Louis was placed on injured reserve. Louis suffered a torn anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee in Sunday's win over Minnesota on a blindside hit by the Vikings' Jared Allen and will miss the rest of the season.
Left guard Chris Spencer also left the game with a knee injury. He had moved into the lineup after Chilo Rachal left the team.
The 6-4, 318-pound Gurode made five starts at left guard and appeared in 13 games for Baltimore last season after playing with Dallas from 2002 to 2010. A five-time Pro Bowl pick, he has started at both guard and center in his career.
Besides signing Gurode, the Bears also waived defensive tackle Amobi Okoye, signed offensive lineman Derek Dennis and receiver Dale Moss to the practice squad, and terminated the practice squad contracts of receiver Raymond Radway and guard Chris Riley.
Okoye, the 10th overall pick by the Texans in 2007, played for the Bears last season and had four sacks. He signed a one-year, $2 million contract with Tampa Bay during the offseason, had arthroscopic knee surgery in June and reached an injury settlement.
The Bears brought him back in early September, signing him to a one-year contract, and he had one sack in six games.
Online: http://pro32.ap.org/poll and http://twitter.com/AP-NFL
Original Story:
Bears Sign C Andre Gurode
Bears sign OL Gurode, waive DT Okoye
Bears Injury Report: Lance Louis Placed on IR
Bears Add Veteran Lineman Gurode, Release DT Okoye
Lance Louis done for the season
Vikings DE Jared Allen destroys Bears G Lance Louis (GIF)
Allen: 'No ill intent' with blindside block
Reports: Vikings' Allen fined $21,000 for hit
Jared Allen apologetic for hit on Bears lineman
Bears O-Line Injuries Leave Team Thin Along the Interior, But An Opportunity Arises
Final Thoughts: Bears Fight Through Injuries On Their Way To Eighth Victory
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Sweet, feminine, and very romantic. This bracelet features an intricate, filigree heart on a rose gold PVD metal chain. Delicate clear crystal details and a dangling heart and key motif add a playful sparkle. Add the matching pendant or pierced earrings to complete the look.
Article no.: 1179801
Approximate size: 16.5 cm
Swarovski regrets that this product is currently not available online.
To the Boutique Finder


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New York Times Magazine
Aug 2003
Ostensibly straight black men who have sex with other men.
Kids are identifying as gay at younger ages, sometimes only 10 or 11. Their communities and parents are scrambling to adapt.
The rise and fall of NAMBLA (North American Man Boy Love Association), from its 1970s founding as a splinter group within the gay rights movement to its current incarnation as the most reviled organization in America.
In 1920, Harvard University officials suspected that some students were gay. So they kicked them all out.
Profile of the flip-flop wearing 61-year-old 'dude' who turned around a dying company by selling all-American sex to teens – and isn't apologizing.


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Funeral services have been set for a man whose body was found in eastern Cleveland County back in July, 2012.
Pascual Salazar, 36, disappeared on May 23. His body was found July 10, 2012, near Fulkerson Road in eastern Cleveland County.
Family members say Salazar's funeral will be held at 10 a.m. Tuesday, at Little Flower Church, located at 1125 S. Walker Ave. in Oklahoma City.
On Friday, February 8, the Medical Examiner's Office made a positive DNA match on Salazar's body after taking samples from both his daughter and a brother. His cause of death is unknown at this time.
2/8/2013 Related Story: Body Of Missing Cleveland County Man Positively Identified
Investigators say information they have received so far strongly supports the continued investigation into Salazar's death as a homicide.
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