text:
Acela Express
Acela Express |
Amtrak Acela Express train, led by power car #2009, at Old Saybrook, Connecticut
Overview | |||||
Service type | Inter-city, high speed tilting train | ||||
Status | Operating | ||||
Locale | Northeastern United States | ||||
First service | December 11, 2000 | ||||
Current operator(s) | Amtrak | ||||
Ridership | 8,818 (per day in 2010) 3,218,718 (total in 2010)[1] |
Route | |||||
Start | Boston, MA | ||||
Stops | 14 | ||||
End | Washington, DC | ||||
Distance travelled | 456 mi (734 km) | ||||
Average journey time | 7 hours | ||||
Service frequency | 20 per day[2][3] | ||||
Train number(s) | 2100–2297 | ||||
On-board services | |||||
Class(es) | Business and first class | ||||
Disabled access | Fully accessible | ||||
Seating arrangements | Reclining leather seats (4 across in business class, 3 across in first class) | ||||
Catering facilities | On-board café, and at-seat meals in first class | ||||
Baggage facilities | Overhead bins and luggage racks available, no checked luggage. | ||||
Technical | |||||
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge | ||||
Operating speed | 150 mph (240 km/h) maximum[4] 70 mph (110 km/h) average, including stops |
The Acela Express (/əˈsɛlə/ ə-SEL-ə; colloquially abbreviated to Acela) is Amtrak's high-speed rail service along the Northeast Corridor (NEC) in the Northeast United States between Washington, D.C., and Boston via 14 intermediate stops including Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City. Acela Express trains are the fastest trainsets in the Americas; the highest speed they attain is 150 mph (240 km/h). Acela trains use tilting technology which allows the train to travel at higher speeds on the sharply curved NEC without disturbing passengers, by lowering lateral centrifugal forces.[5] Compared to other high-speed rail systems, Acela is unusual[citation needed] in that it shares tracks with freight and slower passenger trains (unlike the French TGV and Japanese Shinkansen), as well as the advanced age of infrastructure in many segments of the system.
In 2013 the fastest Acela run between Boston and Washington covers the 454 miles in six and a half hours,[6] an average speed of slightly under 70 mph (110 km/h). Amtrak has a long-term plan which would reduce the time to 3 hours by 2040, primarily by acquiring more modern trains and reducing or eliminating congestion with other trains on the NEC, at speeds of up to 220 mph (350 km/h).[7]
Acela has helped Amtrak capture a 75% share of air/train commuters between New York and Washington in 2011, up from 37% in 2000.[8][9] Due to this competition, some airlines have even canceled service between Washington and New York.[10] Between New York and Boston the Acela Express has up to a 54% share of the combined train and air market.[11][12]
The Acela carried more than 3.3 million passengers in fiscal year 2013;[13] second only to the somewhat slower and cheaper Northeast Regional, which had over 8 million passengers in FY 2013.[13] The Acela Express had a total revenue of US$530,820,821 in 2013, up from $409,251,483 back in 2009. The Acelas accounted for approximately 25% of all total revenue generated by Amtrak services. (Another 25% came from Northeast Regional traffic, and roughly 25% each for long-distance trains and state-supported corridor services throughout the rest of the country).[14]
Origins and history[edit]
Following the success of high-speed rail in Japan, the High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 authorized the U.S. government to explore the creation of high-speed rail in the U.S. which resulted in the introduction of Metroliner trains, the predecessor to Acela. During the 1980s the US Federal Railroad Administration explored the possibilities of high-speed rail in the United States. On December 18, 1991 a slate of five potential high speed rail corridors were authorized ("Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) (PL 102-240)") including the Northeast Corridor.[15] During October 1992 another five corridors were announced individually.[15] During 1993, the US government under Bill Clinton discussed a $1 billion funding program to drive the development of a 2000-mile high-speed rail network.[citation needed]
Amtrak started to ask railway equipment manufacturers for implementation options. An X 2000 train was leased from Sweden for test runs from October 1992 to January 1993. It was operated from Washington DC to New York City from February to May and August to September 1993. Siemens showed the ICE 1 train, organizing the ICE Train North America Tour which started to operate on the Northeast Corridor on July 3, 1993.[16] This testing allowed Amtrak to define a set of specifications that went into a public tender in October 1994.[17]
Building and development[edit]
On March 9, 1999 Amtrak unveiled its plan for a high-speed train, the Acela Express.[18] Twenty new trains were to run on the Northeast Corridor.[19] Several changes were made to the corridor to make it suitable for the trains' operation. It was necessary to provide electrification from New Haven to Boston to complete the overhead power supply along the 454-mile route,[19] and several grade crossings were upgraded or removed.[20]
In October 1994[17] Amtrak requested bids from train manufacturers for a trainset that could reach 150 miles per hour (240 km/h). A joint project of Bombardier (75%) and GEC Alsthom (now Alstom) (25%) was selected in March 1996.[17] A disagreement arose between Amtrak and the manufacturing consortium over costs and maintenance bills; this dispute was not settled until March 2004, but development was not interrupted.[21][22]
An inaugural VIP run of the Acela came on November 17, 2000[23] followed by the first revenue run on December 11, a few months past the intended date.[24]
The Acela service is considered a success.[25] By 2005, Amtrak's share of the common-carrier market between New York and Boston had reached 40% from 18% pre-Acela.[26] With the increasing popularity of the faster and more modern Acela Express, the Metroliner service was phased out;[27] the last operated on October 27, 2006.[28]
Due to the level of popularity experienced, more Acela Express services were added in September 2005,[29] and more trains may be purchased in order to run additional simultaneous services.[30] By August 2008 crowding had become noticeable on board.[31]
In 2011, Amtrak announced that forty new Acela coaches would be ordered in 2012 to increase capacity on existing train sets. Each of the existing trains would receive two more coaches, giving an almost 40% increase in capacity. The additional coaches would lengthen the train sets from a 1-6-1 configuration to a 1-8-1 configuration (power car - passenger cars - power car). The longer train sets would have required the modifications of the Acela maintenance facilities in Boston, New York and Washington. The first of the stretched train sets were to enter service in Fiscal year 2014.[32]
This plan was cancelled in 2012 in favor of replacing, rather than refurbishing, the Acela fleet.[33]
In January, 2014, Amtrak issued a request for proposals, that is, it asked for bids, on 28 or more new model Acelas trainsets, in a combined order with the California High Speed Rail Authority. Bids are due May 17, 2014, and then Amrak expects to study the bids and make a decision by the end of 2014.[34]
As of 2011, the Acela fleet had reached half of its designed service life. Amtrak has proposed several replacement options, including one as part of its A Vision for High-Speed Rail in the Northeast Corridor.[35]
Amtrak's original contract with the Bombardier-Alstom consortium was for the delivery of 20 trainsets (6 coaches each, with power cars at front and rear) for $800 million.[36] By 2004, Amtrak had settled contract disputes with the consortium, paying a total of $1.2 billion for the 20 trainsets plus 15 extra high-speed locomotives and the construction of maintenance facilities in Boston, New York, and Washington.[21][22]
Despite[weasel words] billions of dollars in investment, Acela Express's fastest schedule between New York and Washington, D.C. was 2 hours and 45 minutes in 2012. $450 million was allotted by President Barack Obama's administration to replace catenary and upgrade signals[37] between Trenton and New Brunswick, which will allow speeds of 160 mph (257 km/h) for twenty miles sometime after 2016; 170 mph (270 km/h) was reached on this track on December 20, 1967 by the U.S.-built UAC TurboTrain[38]
A focus on top speeds may be[weasel words] misplaced since the Acela speeds have most greatly been affected by restrictions in slower sections, i.e., below 60–80 mph (100–130 km/h). These stretches are frequently over older bridges, or through tunnels a century old or more, which require reduced speeds.
The Acela name was announced on March 9, 1999, as a part of the original announcement of the service itself.[39] This was originally intended[by whom?] as a rebranding of most of Amtrak's Northeast services,[40] forming three levels: Acela Express, Acela Regional, and Acela Commuter.[41] The branding team based the name "Acela" on the ideas of acceleration and excellence.[42][43]
There were then three classes of trains on the Northeast Corridor (and its extension south to Newport News, Virginia)— Philadelphia-New York Clockers, the express Metroliners, and the umbrella term NortheastDirect, applied to other trains on the corridor (in addition to unique names assigned to each departure). Empire Service trains used the Empire Corridor from New York City to Niagara Falls, and Keystone Service ran along the Keystone Corridor from Philadelphia to Harrisburg. Other named trains also used the corridors, branching off or continuing beyond their stations.
The original plan included renaming the Empire, Keystone, and NortheastDirect services to Acela Regional, while the Metroliners would be replaced with the new Acela Express service.[citation needed] However, the Empire and Keystone services retained their names.
The Acela Regional name was first applied to NortheastDirect trains 130–133 on January 31, 2000.[44] Those trains, 130 and 131 running weekdays only and 132 and 133 running every day, were the first electrified trains to run on the full Northeast Corridor.[45][46] As more trains were electrified, they too were rebranded. In 2003, due to confusion between the lower-speed Acela Regional trains and the Acela Express, the Acela branding was removed from the NortheastDirect service (now the Northeast Regional) and the Acela Commuter had its name changed back to the Clocker for a similar reason and ultimately discontinued on October 28, 2005.[47]
Acela Express | |
Business Class interior
Manufacturer | Bombardier, Alstom |
Constructed | 1998-2001 |
Entered service | 2000 |
Number built | 20 trainsets[48] |
Number in service | 20 trainsets |
Formation | 8 cars (2 x power car; 6 x passenger car) |
Fleet numbers | 2000-2039 (power cars) |
Capacity | 304 (44 first class; 260 business class) |
Operator | Amtrak |
Depot(s) | Ivy City, Washington DC Sunnyside Yard, New York City Southampton Street Yard, Boston |
Line(s) served | Northeast Corridor |
Specifications | |
Car body construction | Stainless Steel |
Train length | 665 feet 8.75 inches (202.91 m) |
Car length | 69 feet 7 inches (21.21 m) (Power car) 87 feet 5 inches (26.64 m) (Passenger Car) |
Width | 10 feet 5 inches (3.18 m) (Power car) 10 feet 4.5 inches (3.16 m) (Passenger Car) |
Doors | Single Leaf Sliding Plug Doors Intermediate Passenger Cars: 4 End Passenger Cars: 2 |
Wheel diameter | 40 inches (1,000 mm) (Power Car) 36 inches (910 mm) (Passenger Car) |
Maximum speed | 165 mph (266 km/h) (150 mph or 240 km/h max operating speed) |
Weight | 1,246,000 lb (565 t) (Trainset) 204,000 lb (93 t) (Power Car) 142,000 lb (64 t) (End Cars; Business and First) 139,000 lb (63 t) (Intermediate Business Cars) 137,000 lb (62 t) (Bistro Car) |
Axle load | 51,000 lb (23 t) (Power Car) 35,500 lb (16.1 t) (End Cars; Business and First) 34,750 lb (15.76 t) (Intermediate Business Cars) 34,250 lb (15.54 t) (Bistro Car) |
Traction system | Alstom GTO Inverters and 3-Phase Asynchronous AC Traction Motors |
Power output | 1,150 kW (1,540 hp) (Per Motor) 4,600 kW (6,200 hp) (Per Power Car) |
Tractive effort | Starting: 225 kN (51,000 lbf) (Per power car) |
Power supply | 2850 V DC (PWM Rectified) Voltage Regulated from mains re-inverted to three-phase, frequency and voltage controlled AC waveform. |
Electric system(s) | Catenary 25 kV 60 Hz AC, 12 kV 60 Hz AC, 12 kV 25 Hz AC |
Current collection method | Pantograph, 2 per power car |
UIC classification | Bo'Bo'-2'2'-2'2'-2'2'-2'2'-2'2'-2'2'-Bo'Bo' |
Braking system(s) | Dynamic and Regenerative (Power Cars) Electro-Pneumatic Disk and Tread(Trainset) |
Safety system(s) | Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge |
Notes | |
Specifications: [49] |
Train design[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2011) |
The Acela trainset is a unique train designed specifically to satisfy specific U.S. governmental rolling stock requirements. This includes a requirement to be able to collide with a freight train at speed without collapsing, which necessitates that the passenger cars be built with massive amounts of extra steel and weight.[50] These requirements are significantly different from anywhere else in the world, including countries that have a highly functional high speed rail network that use modern signalling and computer controls to emphasize crash prevention. Most manufacturers who bid on the Acela were unable to meet these requirements, bringing up costs and complications for the manufacture of the trains, and requiring manufacturers to make significant engineering changes to its standard designs. In the end, only three qualified bidders remained: ABB (Swedish manufacturer of the X 2000 train), Siemens (manufacturer of the German ICE), and a consortium of Bombardier (manufacturer of the LRC trains) and Alstom (manufacturer of the French TGV).[51] These specifications[which?] are not a result of specific Northeast Corridor track conditions.
Although the design of the trains, with identical 6,200 horsepower (4,600 kW) power cars at each end which operate on a voltage of 11,000 volts AC, and either 25 or 60 Hz frequency, resemble France's TGV, only certain components are directly derived from the TGV. These TGV-derived components are the traction system derived from third-generation TGV trainsets (including the four asynchronous AC motors per power car, rectifiers, inverters, and regenerative braking technology), the structure of the trucks/bogies (with a long wheelbase dual transom H frame welded steel with outboard mounted tapered roller bearings), the brake discs (although there are only three per axle, versus four on the TGV), and the crash energy management techniques to control structural deformations in the event of an accident.[52]
The tilting carriages are based upon Bombardier's earlier LRC trains used on Via Rail rather than the TGV's non-tilting articulated trailers. The Acela power cars and passenger cars are much heavier than those of the TGV in order to meet the United States Federal Railroad Administration's different approach to rail crash standards.[50] The Tier II crash standards, adopted in 1999, have also resulted in the passenger cars being designed without steps and trapdoors, which means that the trainsets can only serve lines with high-level platforms such as the Northeast Corridor. Acela trains are semi-permanently coupled (but not articulated as in the TGV) and are referred to as trainsets. Bombardier later used the Acela Express's carriage design and a diesel/gas turbine variant of the power car for its experimental JetTrain.[53]
Operating speeds[edit]
The Acela is certified with a top speed of 165 mph (266 km/h) and reaches a maximum of 150 mph (241 km/h) in regular service. The Acela Express is the only service in North America that exceeds the U.S. Department of Transportation's 125 mph (201 km/h) definition of high speed rail.[4][54]
The Acela achieves an average speed (including stops) of 81.7 mph (131 km/h) between Washington and New York,[2][3] [55] and an average speed of 66.9 mph (108 km/h) from Washington to Boston.[56] The average speed from New York to Boston is a slightly faster 69.8 mph (112 km/h).[57] Its maximum speed limit is 150 mph (241 km/h) on two sections of track totaling 28 mi (45 km) in Rhode Island and Massachusetts.[17]
Amtrak has also been upgrading the track along the Connecticut shoreline east of New Haven to allow maximum speeds in excess of 110 mph (177 km/h).[58] West of New York City, Acela Express's top speed is 135 mph (217 km/h). One limiting factor is the overhead catenary support system which was constructed prior to 1935 and lacks the constant-tension features of the new catenary east of New Haven.[59] The Pennsylvania Railroad, however, did run Metroliner test trains in the late 1960s as fast as 164 mph (264 km/h) and briefly intended to run the Metroliner service at speeds reaching 150 mph (241 km/h). The Acela Express trainsets are capable of 165 mph (266 km/h) operation,[4] but the FRA regulations generally do not permit any speeds above 150 mph (241 km/h) on tracks that are shared with freight and slower passenger trains. Testing for certification for commercial operation at 160 mph (257 km/h) involving test runs at up to 165 mph (266 km/h) began between Trenton, NJ and New Brunswick, NJ in September 2012.[60]
The slowest section of the electrified NEC is the portion owned by Metro-North Railroad and the Connecticut Department of Transportation between New Haven, Connecticut and New Rochelle, New York and is heavily used by commuter trains. Amtrak's trains here achieve 90 mph (145 km/h) only on a limited 4-mile (6.4 km) stretch in New York State and rarely exceed 60 mph (97 km/h) at any time eastbound through Connecticut until reaching New Haven.[61] Additionally, tilting is not allowed anywhere on that property. At a maximum 4.2° tilt,[4][5] the Acela Express trainset would pass other trains on parallel tracks only 10 inches (25 cm) away, which is too close for FRA-mandated clearances. In 1992, ConnDOT began planning to upgrade the catenary system,[62] replace outdated bridges, and straighten certain sections of the New Haven Line to enable the Acela to run slightly faster. As of 2013[update] the catenary replacement and bridge work are underway and expected to be completed in 2015; however, curve straightening was deemed too expensive, and there are no current plans to increase speeds on the New Haven Line.
On July 9, 2007, Amtrak introduced a limited-stop round trip, with trains stopping only at Philadelphia between New York and Washington. This shortened the trip between the two cities to just 2 hours 35 minutes, making the trip roughly an hour faster than some of the Northeast Regional train services. These trains were an experiment on Amtrak's part to find ways to expedite travel time on the Acela. Amtrak has since dropped these two limited-stop trains.[63]
High speed[edit]
The dense population of the northeastern United States makes the Northeast Corridor the most heavily traveled portion of the American passenger rail system. Two-thirds of rail passengers in the United States live in New York City, also home to the nation's busiest passenger rail station, Penn Station.[64]
In order to compete with airliners, Amtrak needed to increase the speed of trains in the region. However, the former Shore Line, from New Haven to Boston, is burdened by sharp turns and grade crossings, the crossings being of special concern.[65][66]
Tilting enables passengers to ride more comfortably on curved sections of track faster than would otherwise be possible, by leaning into the bend. Acela trainsets tilt above 60 mph (97 km/h) on most of the system, but some segments of track in the Northeast Corridor are too close together for the cars to safely tilt while maintaining FRA minimum space between trains on parallel tracks. Furthermore, Metro-North Railroad restricts tilting on the segment of track north of New York which it owns. While the system was originally designed for a 6.8° tilt, the cars were redesigned 4 in (10 cm) wider to accommodate wider seats and aisles that reduced allowable tilt to a more modest 4.2° to fit within the clearance constraints of the existing tracks.[67][68] Traveling at higher than 135 mph (217 km/h) also requires constant-tension catenary, which is only implemented on the more modern catenary system north of New York City. South of New York City the trains are restricted to 135 mph (217 km/h). By comparison, Northeast Regional and the defunct Metroliner service reach 125 mph (201 km/h). Acela trainsets can achieve 165 mph (266 km/h)[4][69] but are restricted to 150 mph (241 km/h) due to track conditions, other traffic, FRA regulations, and other factors.
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Acela service was originally expected to begin in late 1999 but was delayed. The catenary system was unable to support the speeds originally intended between Washington, D.C., and New York City, but the more modern system between New York City and Boston allows the higher speeds. A brief political controversy drew attention to the decreased 4.2° tilt, but this was not to be the root of the speed problem, as the tracks from New York to Boston are similar to those between New York and Washington, and the tilt mechanism is not the factor that allows the high speeds.[17][67][68] After a series of delays and repairs, the first Acela Express service began on December 11, 2000, a year behind schedule.[70]
With the completion of electrification between New Haven and Boston, all trains on the line have become faster partly because of the removal of a 10 minute delay in New Haven while swapping diesel and electric locomotives, partly from a faster acceleration away from station stops enabled by electric locomotives and partly because of the faster speed achieved on some sections of track. Acela travels between Boston and New York in about three and a half hours (an improvement of half an hour); New York to Washington runs take two hours and forty-five minutes. These schedules, as well as the relative convenience of rail as opposed to air travel especially after September 11, 2001, and direct downtown-to-downtown service have made the Acela Express more competitive with the air shuttles.
In August 2002, shortly after their introduction, Acela Express trainsets were briefly removed from service when the brackets that connected truck (bogie) dampers (shocks) to the powerunit carbodies ("yaw dampers") were found to be cracking.[71][72] The trains were returned to service when a program of frequent inspections was instituted. The damper brackets have since been redesigned and the old brackets replaced with the newer design.
On April 15, 2005, Acela Express trains were again removed from service when cracks were found in the disc brakes of most of the passenger coaches.[73][74] The Bombardier-Alstom consortium replaced the discs under warranty. Limited service resumed in July 2005, as a portion of the fleet operated with new brake discs.[75] Metroliner trains, which the Acela Express was intended to replace, filled in during the outage. Amtrak announced on September 21, 2005, that all 20 trainsets had been returned to full operation.
The production sets are formed as follows:[76]
Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Designation | Power | Business Class | Business Class | Cafe | Business Class | Business Class (Quiet Car) |
First Class | Power |
Weight (US ton) | 102.0 | 71.0 | 69.5 | 68.5 | 69.5 | 69.5 | 71.0 | 102.0 |
Capacity | 0 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 65 | 65 | 44 | 0 |
The Acela Express trainset consists of two power cars, a café car, a first class car, and four business class cars, semi-permanently coupled together. The train has fewer seats than regional service counterparts. The first class car has 44 seats. First class has three seats across (one on one side, two on the other side) and four seat tables. There are 260 business class seats on each trainset.[4] The car adjacent to first class is designated as the quiet car, where passengers are asked to refrain from loud talking and mobile phone conversations. Business class cars have four seats across (two on each side) and four-seat tables.
Automatic sliding doors provide access between cars throughout the length of the train and reduce noise. Baggage may be stowed in overhead luggage compartments, or underneath the passenger's seat. Reservations guarantee seating but seats themselves are not assigned. Acela trains are also wheelchair-accessible. Passenger cars and the cafe car have two toilets each, with one being ADA compliant.
Staffing and operation[edit]
Generally Amtrak train crews consist of an engineer, a conductor, and at least one assistant conductor. Acela trains also have an On-Board Service crew consisting of two First Class attendants and a Cafe Car attendant. In addition to the food service provided in the Cafe Car, on most trains an attendant will also provide at seat cart service, serving refreshments throughout the train. First Class passengers are served meals at their seats on all services.
At Amtrak, the On-Board Service crew is considered separate and subordinate to the Train and Engine crews. Acela maintenance is generally taken care of at the Ivy City facility in Washington, DC; Sunnyside Yard in Queens, New York; or Southampton Street Yard in Boston, Massachusetts.
The Acela trainsets underwent minor refurbishments between mid-2009 and 2010 at Penn Coach Yard, next to 30th Street Station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. These refurbishments included new blue leather seats throughout the trainset, and Cafe Cars remodeled with more seating than the previous configuration allowed.[citation needed]
Wi-Fi service[edit]
Wireless Internet station service began in 2004, originally through AT&T Wireless.[77] In March 2007, Amtrak's vice president for marketing and product management announced that the Northeast Corridor would soon get wireless Internet service.[78] On October 29, 2009, Amtrak announced that it would begin deploying Wi-Fi on the Acela line with access being free, for the time being, then possibly roll Wi-Fi out to other Amtrak trains in its five-year plan.[79] The GBS Group was selected to design the network and Nomad Digital to supply the hardware for the new Wi-Fi service branded as AmtrakConnect.[80] On March 1, 2010, Amtrak deployed AmtrakConnect on all 20 Acela trains.[80] AmtrakConnect (SSID AmtrakConnectAcela) supports 802.11 a/b/g/n, 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz and supports the use of standard VPN connections.[80]
On September 27, 2005, a southbound train became the first Acela Express to be involved in a collision at a grade crossing when it struck a car at Miner Lane in Waterford, Connecticut,[81] one of the few remaining grade crossings on the Northeast Corridor. The train was approaching the crossing at approximately 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) when the car reportedly rolled under the crossing gate arms at a low speed and was struck by the train and dragged 1,000 feet (300 m). The driver, a 62-year-old woman, and her 8-year-old grandson, were killed instantly; a 4-year-old girl survived and was airlifted to a hospital where she died nine days later. The gates were later inspected and declared to have been functioning properly at the time of the incident.[82] The incident drew much criticism from the public about the 11 remaining grade crossings along Amtrak's busy Northeast Corridor.[83][84]
Station stops[edit]
Appearances on train simulators[edit]
The Acela Express is included in the PC simulation game Microsoft Train Simulator. It is also a purchasable add-on for Train Simulator 2013, originally Railworks. In Trainz Simulator 12, the Acela is built into the game.
See also[edit]
- ^ "Amtrak Sets New Ridership Record, Thanks Passengers For Taking The Train". Amtrak. October 11, 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
- ^ a b "NORTHEAST CORRIDOR: BOSTON / SPRINGFIELD and WASHINGTON, DC (Form W4)". Amtrak. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
- ^ a b "NORTHEAST CORRIDOR NEW YORK and WASHINGTON, DC (Form W2)". Amtrak. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f "Acela Express Specifications". railway-technology.com.
- ^ a b "All Aboard Amtrak's Acela". The Washington Post. Click on "Continue", then on "Staying Steady". Retrieved 2008-09-30.
- ^ Northeast Corridor, Amtrak (September 9, 2013)
- ^ "A Vision for High-Speed Rail in the Northeast Corridor".
- ^ "Frustrations of Air Travel Push Passengers to Amtrak". The New York Times.
- ^ Goldberg, Bruce. "Metroliner's Amazing Rave." Trains June 2006 (53)
- ^ "Acela run expected to match U.S. rail speed record of 165 mph".
- ^ "Air Travel's Hassles drive riders to AMTRAKs Acela". August 15, 2012. for Acela express passenger numbers only
- ^ "The Information: Most popular airline routes". Financial Times. January 17, 2009. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
- ^ a b http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/730/658/FY13-Record-Ridership-ATK-13-122.pdf
- ^ "Amtrak Sets New Ridership Record, Thanks Passengers For Taking The Train". Amtrak. October 11, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
- ^ a b "CHRONOLOGY OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL CORRIDORS". Federal Railroad Administration. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- ^ (German) "ICE Train North America Tour". Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau 42 (Nr. 11): 756. 1993.
- ^ a b c d e "Acela, Built to Be Rail's Savior, Bedevils Amtrak at Every Turn". The New York Times. April 24, 2005. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
- ^ "Amtrak unveils high-speed shuttle trains for busy travelers – Service between Boston, Washington is designed to compete with airlines". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. March 10, 1999. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ a b "Amtrak To Unveil High-Speed Service". Associated Press. March 9, 1999. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "At-grade crossings: Innovation, safety, sophisticated new technology". Railway Track and Structures. June 1, 1999. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ a b Ramstack, Tom (March 19, 2004). "Amtrak Reaches Settlement with Manufacturers of Acela Express". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ a b "Amtrak and Bombardier/Alstom Consortium Announce Resolution of Legal Claims". euronext.com. March 17, 2004. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "U.S. Transportation Secretary Slater celebrates inaugural run of Acela Express high-speed rail service". M2 Presswire. November 17, 2000. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "Amtrak postpones debut of high-speed rail line". Business Courier Serving Cincinnati – Northern Kentucky. March 3, 2000. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ http://articles.philly.com/2012-07-23/news/32789082_1_acela-trains-amtrak-s-acela-high-speed-train
- ^ R. Clifford Black (March 2005). The Acela Express (40). Japan Railway & Transport Review. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ MacHalaba, Daniel (March 28, 1999). "Metroliner name on past track". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "Amtrak to run last Metroliner". Trains.com. 2006-09-08. Retrieved 2006-09-08.
- ^ "Amtrak to increase service for Boston, New York and D.C.". Boston Business Journal. September 8, 2005. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "Acela Trains may expand to meet demand". The Boston Globe. Bloomberg News. March 3, 2000. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ Christopher Conkey (August 27, 2008). "All Aboard: Too many for Amtrak – Surge in ridership leads to crowding on Intercity trains". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "Amtrak To Add 40 Coach Cars To Acela Express Under FY 2012 Budget Plan". Amtrak. February 14, 2011. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
- ^ http://money.cnn.com/2012/12/13/news/economy/amtrak-acela/index.html Amtrak to replace high-speed Acela trains
- ^ http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/678/822/Amtrak-California-RFP-HSR-Trainsets-ATK-14-011.pdf
- ^ "A Vision for High-Speed Rail in the Northeast Corridor" (PDF). 2010-09-27. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
- ^ ""All Aboard Amtrak's Acela," washingtonpost.com, 2000, accessed 8 August 2012". Washingtonpost.com. 2000-11-30. Retrieved 2012-10-14.
- ^ Amtrak train looks to break U.S. speed record in Northeast Corridor test, By Mike Frassinelli/The Star-Ledger, September 25, 2012 at 7:00 AM, updated September 25, 2012 at 12:24 PM
- ^ "Dedication of plaque commemorating high speed rail in America" on the National Capital Land Transportation Committee's website
- ^ "New trains, new name for Northeast Corridor: Amtrak's High-speed Acela service is due later this year". Philadelphia Inquirer. March 10, 1999. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ Garland, Russell (March 12, 1999). "Amtrak switch: Is it on the right track? Advertising people say the new Acela name gives a mixed message". Providence Journal. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ Jay Jochnowitz (1999-03-10). "New Amtrak trains on fast track". Times Union (Albany). p. A1.
- ^ "Acela". Corporate Design Foundation. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ Vantuono, William (April 1, 1999). "Amtrak's vision: Today, the Northeast. Tomorrow America". Railway Age. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "Amtrak begins Phila-Boston service that's 45 minutes faster "Acela Regionals" go into service as the first step in improvements on the Northeast Corridor line". Philadelphia Inquirer. February 1, 2000. Retrieved 2009-08-30.
- ^ Bob Johnston, Amtrak opens Boston electrification, Trains April 2000
- ^ Ron Newman, Acela Regional starts January 31, 2000, misc.transport.rail.americas January 27, 2000
- ^ Laurence Arnold (2003-03-05). "Amtrak will use name 'Acela' to describe high-speed trains only". Associated Press.
- ^ "All Acela Power Car's on this site". Rrpicturearchives.net. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20120515115623/http://www.traintesting.com/Acela_0029_Nov01_en.pdf
- ^ a b McCaughrin, Eric (March 5, 2007). "How the FRA is Regulating Passenger Rail Out of Existence". East Bay Bicycle Coalition.
- ^ R. Clifford Black (March 2005). The Acela Express. Japan Railway & Transport Review. http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr40/pdf/f18_bla.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "TGVweb - Acela Express". Trainweb.org. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
- ^ "Bombardier unveils new JetTrain locomotive". International Railway Journal. November 2002.
- ^ "US Code Title 49 § 26105 – Definitions". US Code Title 49. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
- ^ The timetable gives 2 hours and 45 minutes, minimum, between New York and Washington. Dividing that into 224.7 route miles (89.0 miles from New York Penn Station to Philadelphia + 134.6 to Washington, DC + 1.1 to Washington's Union Station) gives 81.7 mph.
- ^ The timetable gives 3 hours and 25 minutes, minimum, between Boston and New York. Dividing that into 228.7 route miles gives 66.9 mph.
- ^ The timetable gives 6 hours and 30 minutes, minimum. Dividing that into 464.5 route miles (228.7 miles Boston South Station to New York Penn Station + 224.7 to Washington Union Station) gives 69.75 mph.
- ^ "North East Corridor Infrastructure Master Plan". Amtrak. May 2010. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
- ^ "Amtrak Vision for the North East Corridor 2012 Update Report". Amtrak. July 2012. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
- ^ "Amtrak Ink : Aug - Sept 2012". Amtrak. Retrieved 08/01/2012.
- ^ "Metro-North Railroad EMPLOYEE TIMETABLE No. 4". Metro-North Railroad. 5 February 2006 with updates through 21 June 2010. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2013. This notes, on p.41, that the 90 mph section is from MP [MilePost] 17.2 to MP 21.4; that begins midway between New Rochelle and Larchmont, and ends between Mamaroneck and Harrison.
- ^ "High wire to efficiency". Railway Age. March 1, 1992. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "Northeast Corridor timetable" (PDF). Amtrak. 2008-08-04. Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- ^ "Moynihan Station". empire.state.ny.us. Retrieved November 28, 2007.
- ^ Jane Dee (March 29, 1999). "Rail crossings safety concern for Amtrak". Hartford Courant. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "U.S. DOT: America's first "smart" highway-rail crossing is dedicated in Groton, Connecticut". M2 Presswire. August 27, 1998. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ a b "Inside the Acela". The Washington Post. 2000-11-30. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ a b "Acela Article". railfaneurope.net. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "TGV Pages – Acela". Trainweb.org. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ Laurence Arnold (2001-12-11). "Fast train begins service with Washington-Boston roundtrip". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
- ^ "Discovery of hairline cracks causes more problems for Amtrak's Acela Express". USA Today. August 20, 2002. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ Daniel, Mac (August 14, 2002). "Flaws Shut Down Amtrak's Acela Express Line". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "Service Alert: Acela Express – Amtrak Cancels All Friday and Saturday Acela Express Service Due to Brake Problem". Amtrak. Retrieved April 15, 2005.
- ^ Hauser, Kristine (2005-04-15). "Amtrak Suspends Acela Trains After Finding Brake Problems". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 17, 2005. Retrieved April 15, 2005.
- ^ Reed, Keith (June 10, 2005). "Acela's return expected in July". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ TGVweb - Acela Express
- ^ Glenn Fleishman (July 8, 2004). "Behind the Curve; Access on Metro-North or Amtrak Cars? Not So Fast". New York Times.
- ^ Eric Anderson (March 11, 2007). "Amtrak expects to boost services: Wireless Internet, new leather seats among possible perks". Times Union (Albany, NY).
- ^ Clabaugh, Jeff (2009-10-29). "Amtrak plans Wi-Fi, more security". washington.bizjournals.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
- ^ a b c "Amtrak Launches Wi-Fi Service" (PDF) (Press release). Amtrak. March 1, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ McGeehan, Patrick, and Wald, Matthew L. (2005-09-30). "High-Tech Gates Fail to Avert Car-Train Crash". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ^ "Investigators Seek Answers In Fatal Crash That Killed Two; Cause of Waterford car-train accident may never be known". The New London Day. 2005-09-30. Retrieved 2007-05-22.
- ^ "Family sues over fatal car crash on railroad tracks". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. 2006-12-27. Retrieved 2007-05-22.[dead link]
- ^ "Amtrak train, car collide, killing two". WTNH. 2005-09-28. Retrieved 2007-05-22.
Further reading[edit]
- Solomon, Brian (2004). Amtrak. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0760317658. OCLC 56490949.
- Vranich, Joseph (2004). End of the line: the failure of Amtrak reform and the future of America's passenger trains. AEI Press. ISBN 0-8447-4203-1.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acela Express. |
- Amtrak: Acela Express
- Inaugural Run Slideshow (November 16, 2000;)
- Trainset Information
- "Acela Express," TGVweb
- Amtrak routes
- Passenger rail transportation in Connecticut
- Passenger rail transportation in Delaware
- Passenger rail transportation in Maryland
- Passenger rail transportation in Massachusetts
- Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey
- Passenger rail transportation in New York
- Passenger rail transportation in Pennsylvania
- Passenger rail transportation in Rhode Island
- Passenger rail transportation in Washington, D.C.
- Economy of the Northeastern United States
- High-speed trains of the United States
- Passenger train running at least at 200 km/h in commercial operations
- Railway services introduced in 2000
- Rail transport brands
- Tilting trains
- Bombardier Transportation locomotives


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TheatreASAP, the 24-hour play fest presented every September by the San Antonio Theatre Coalition, is changing things up a bit this year. Admission will be free this year, a great deal on a worthwhile event.
"We want to make TheatreASAP a gift from the theatre community to the San Antonio community," said SATCO President Mellissa Marlowe in an email.
This year, the performance will be at 8 p.m. Sept 10 at Thiry Auditorium at Our Lady of the Lake University.
The festival itself is always something of a minor miracle. Here's how it works: Playwrights gather on Friday night (this year, it'll be Sept. 9 at the Sterling Houston Theater at Jump-Start) to draw a phrase and cast list and pick a prop to incorporate into their scripts; then they scurry off to write a short play. The next morning, the actors and directors meet at 8 a.m., get their scripts and spend all of Saturday rehearsing and pulling their shows together. A scant 12 hours later, the public is invited to come and watch what they've come up with.
This year, the directors are Irene Miller, Lou Garza, Laura Garza, Kathy Hornsby, Keisha McFerrin and Katrina Bondari. And the playwrights are Ben Tremillo, Marisela Barrera, Rachel Keeler, Sheila Rinear, Rick Stemm and Edward Wise.


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If you also thumb up for this cosplay work, you must be interested in paying a visit to PaXingCai's gallery to see more. I almost feel crazily fascinated about this Team Fortress 2 cosplay. The cosplay girl seems irresistibly appealing with the red coat and black stockings. Blond hair also makes her seem even more [...]


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I applied through an employee referral and the process took 3 months - interviewed at FARO Technologies in March 2011.
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Sequin Flutter Tunic
by Aryn K
Shimmer and attract in this silver metallic tunic top. Features a unique animal like print inset. look out for the hidden side snap buttons to fasten you in!
Styling Tip: Team up with dark blue skinny jeans and sexy peep toe pumps.
Fabric/Care: 100% polyester. Dry clean. Imported
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Love Never Gives Up
"Love never gives up. Love cares more for others than for self. Love doesn't want what it doesn't have. Love doesn't strut, doesn't have a swelled head, doesn't force itself on others, isn't always "me first", doesn't fly off the handle, doesn't keep score of the sins of others, doesn't revel when others grovel, takes pleasure in the flowering of truth, puts up with anything, trusts God always, always looks for the best, never looks back, but keeps going to the end." (1 Corinthian 13: 4-8 The Message)
Sara Bareilles, a popular singer, describes being controlled by a guy in her song Gravity: "You hold me without touch, You keep me without chains."
When I was a senior in high school, I met a charming and funny guy who I fell head over heels in "love" with. Looking back, I have realized how unhealthy that relationship was for me. I was verbally abused, called names, and controlled for a year of my life by someone who never deserved me in the first place.
When I moved away for college, I was enlightened by 1 Corinthian 13, where God describes to us a love that is so amazing that it never fails, never gets angry, always trusts, and always perseveres. I realized that the relationship I was in wasn't any of those things and it definitely wasn't a Godly relationship. I broke the relationship off and by doing so I regained my self-confidence and became a girl who wasn't going to let people push her around, especially silly boys.
It can be hard to get out of abusive and unhealthy relationships, but you must always remember that you are the most important person in the situation. If you are in a relationship that is bad for you, think about yourself and your future. Never let a guy hold you back from being everything you can be. Search for the type of love that God describes in 1 Corinthian 13 and never settle for less than you deserve.
McKenna Watts is originally from Hueytown, Alabama, but currently resides in Livingston, Alabama where she attends the University of West Alabama. McKenna works for a daycare at a Methodist church where she teaches a three-year-old daycare class. McKenna is majoring in elementary education and wants to teach kindergarten after she graduates. McKenna began writing at an early age and is now a staff member with the Southern Christian Writers Conference based out of Tuscaloosa, Alabama that her family has run and operated for the past 20 years.
Tags: 1 corinthians 13, gods love, gravity, love, mckenna, mckenna watts, music, never give up, sara bareilles, watts
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Monday, 02 Dec 2013 08:54 AM
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Friday, March 29, 2013
(Last modified: 2013-03-29 16:26:09) Source: The Herald-News On Friday, May 10, from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., registration will be held for Pre-K and kindergarten children entering the Rhea County school system for the first time during the school year 2013-2014. Parents or guardians should pre-register their children on this day.
You will need to register your kindergarten child at the elementary school served by the buses in your community. Pre-K students zoned for Graysville, Frazier and Rhea Central will register at Graysville Elementary. Pre-K students living in the Spring City zone will register at Spring City Elementary. County Elementary schools holding registration are: Frazier (775-7854), Graysville (775-7850), Rhea Central (775-7842), and Spring City Elementary (365-645 1). Following are the requirements for registration: 1. Pre-K children must be four-years-old on or before Aug. 30, 2013. Pre-K eligibility is determined by income. Please bring proof of current income. Kindergarten children must be five years of age on or before Aug. 30. 2013. Students must attend kindergarten before they can enter first grade. 2. Hospital records or birth certificates must be provided. Birth certificates applications may be picked up at Rhea County Health Department, located across from Rhea County High School, Eagle Lane, off Hwy. 27, Evensville. School personnel will copy these records to keep on file to show compliance with Tennessee's laws for entering school. 3. Permanent Tennessee Certificate of Immunization and School Entry Medical Examination Form, accurately completed, must be provided. Immunizations and physical examinations may be given by authorized personnel at Rhea County Health Department or by the parent's private physician. Please take your immunization form to registration. PLEASE NOTE: New Immunizations requirements and forms have been issued by the Tennessee Department of Health and are now in effect. Please check with your health care provider to be sure that your child meets these new requirements. 4. Social Security cards are necessary for computerized attendance and testing records. Applications may be obtained by calling 1-800-772-1213 and requesting that an application be mailed to the home address of parents/guardians. 5. The stub of a March or April utility bill-such as electric, cable or gas, showing your correct residence address, not a P.O. box. This will be proof as to which school your child should attend. PLEASE NOTE: All students entering the Rhea County schools kindergarten program in the fall of 2013 will be screened for vision, hearing, academic, and physical readiness during late May or early June. ALL children MUST be screened before beginning kindergarten. If parents or guardians do not provide required information, the names of their children will be placed on a waiting list and will then be taken on a first-come, first-serve basis when requirements are met. Each school will send its overflow to the nearest school that has an opening. Anyone who has questions may call the school where the child will register. Copyright © 2014, The Herald-News |


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Jim Cramer's 'Mad Money' Recap: A Topsy-Turvy Market
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NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- It's never too late to be more diversified, Jim Cramer told his "Mad Money" TV show viewers Wednesday as the markets seemed to turn on a dime, liking the stocks it previously hated while falling head over heels for the laggards it eschewed just a few days ago.
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Cook's Illustrated is dedicated to developing foolproof recipes for America's favorite home-cooked meals. And unlike glossy cooking magazines that are staffed by food stylists, Cook's Illustrated employs test cooks, editors, and food writers. Our test kitchen — the same kitchen in which we film our top-rated public television show, America's Test Kitchen — has three dozen full-time test cooks whose 9 to 5 job (well maybe 7 to 6 on baking days) is testing and retesting recipes 20, 30, sometimes 50 times until we can offer our readers a recipe we're confident will work. Every time you make it. They are "Recipes that Work".
We also offer ratings and reviews of cookware and kitchen equipment to inform you how different models compare and compete so that you can shop smart. We taste test supermarket ingredients and kitchen staples you use every day, so you know which brands taste best, and which are best avoided. And because Cook's Illustrated is 100% advertising FREE, you get unbiased, objective information. That's our promise to you.
We wanted a quick meatless curry in which the vegetables stood up to the sauce. We took this dish from bland to bold.
Vegetable curries can be complicated affairs, with lengthy ingredient lists and fussy techniques meant to compensate for the lack of meat.
We wanted a curry we could make on a weeknight in less than an hour-without sacrificing flavor or overloading the dish with spices.
Although initially reluctant to use store-bought curry powder, we found that toasting the curry powder in a skillet turned it into a flavor powerhouse. Further experimentation proved that adding a few pinches of garam masala added even more spice flavor. To build the rest of our flavor base we started with a generous amount of sautéed onion, ghee (or vegetable oil), garlic, ginger, fresh chile, and tomato paste for sweetness. When we chose our vegetables (chickpeas and potatoes for heartiness and cauliflower and peas for texture and color), we found that sautéing the spices and main ingredients together enhanced and melded the flavors. Finally, we rounded out our sauce with a combination of water, pureed canned tomatoes, and a splash of cream or coconut milk.


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Friday, September 08, 2006
For the first time in the 18-year history of the event, the Valpo women's cross country team won the Crusader Invitational Friday, riding the one-two finishes of Laura Rolf (Rochester, Mich./Lutheran Northwest) and Danielle Nunnelly (Valparaiso, Ind./Valparaiso) to best second-place Notre Dame by one point at Sunset Hills Farm.Copyright ©2014 Valparaiso University Athletics. All Rights Reserved. | www.ValpoAthletics.com |


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Our staff are available to answer any questions you may have about this item.
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Definition of Ostrogoth in English:
Line breaks: Os¦tro|gothPronunciation: /ˈɒstrəgɒθ
- A member of the eastern branch of the Goths, who conquered Italy in the 5th-6th centuries ad.More example sentences
- The Ostrogoths settled in Italy, the Franks in northern Gaul, the Burgundians in Provence, the Visigoths in southern Gaul and Spain, the Vandals in Africa and the western Mediterranean, and the Angles and Saxons in England.
- This happened in Spain under the Visigoths and in Italy under the Ostrogoths, but both those kingdoms were swept away.
- The Ostrogoths attacked the western empire via the eastern empire.
- More example sentences
- Italy was itself contested territory, parts of which were ruled by Visigothic, Ostrogothic, Lombard, Frankish, Ottoman, or Byzantine overlords - among others - during the six centuries this study comprises.
- Incredible as it may seem, a few of their descendants were still speaking Ostrogothic some fifteen centuries later, in 1780, at the time of the American Revolution.
- Could those Crimeans really have been the last Goths, continuing to speak Ostrogothic for more than a thousand years after their kingdom fell?
Pronunciation: /-ˈgɒθɪk/
from late Latin Ostrogothi (plural), from the Germanic base of east + late Latin Gothi 'Goths'.


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Model# GTO8629
€ 89,00
The JBL GTO 8629 component speaker handles 180 watts peak power (60 watts RMS). This much power makes for an ideal match to systems powered with head-unit or factory-amplifier power levels. Even better, the speaker matches many of the GTO Series amplifier combinations. As a result, it can keep up with systems that feature one or more subwoofers and satisfy high-fidelity audiophile listeners. And its great power-handling specifications also increase reliability over the lifetime of the speaker.
Speaker Features/Specifications | |
Power Handling, RMS | 60 W |
Power Handling, Peak | 180 W |
Frequency Response | 49Hz – 21kHz |
Nominal Impedance | 3 ohms |
Sensitivity (2.83V @1m) | 93 dB |


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Teachers LET Exam Scheduled On March 10, 2013
The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) said that 76,230 examinees had took the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) for March 10, 2013.
PRC said that the bulk of hopefuls came from NCR which estimated to numbered to 16,815 examiners. PRC also stated that overseas examination – Hong Kong examinees had a total of 547.
March 2013 LET examination was held on PRC Regional Testing centers nationwide and overseas which includes Manila, Cagayan De Oro, Cebu, Davao, Iloilo, Legazpi, Lucena, Pagadian, Tacloban, Catarman-Samar, Tuguegarao, Zamboanga, and Hong Kong.
The latest LET exam was held last September 2012 which was also posted on this very website. We are happy to announced that we had helped hundreds of thousands of examinees and their relatives.
That is why we felt so committed for the March 10, 2013 LET exam.
Please do subscribe to our periodic sms updates to keep yourself updated even if you're not online.
Visit our official results' page on this link: Click here.
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Quality CareFind out why Mayo Clinic is the right place for your health care. Make an appointment.
Meet the StaffFind a directory of doctors and departments at all Mayo Clinic campuses. Visit now.
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Give to Mayo ClinicYou are an essential partner in our work to find answers for our patients. Donate now.
Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations.
Dense breasts can make mammograms more difficult to interpret. But this doesn't mean a mammogram is useless for detecting cancer or other breast abnormalities in women with dense breasts.
Breast tissue is composed of fatty (nondense) tissue and connective (dense) tissue. The relative ratio of fatty tissue to connective tissue differs among women. As women age, their breasts tend to become less dense.
Dense breast tissue appears as a solid white area on a mammogram, and fat appears as a dark area. Mammogram X-rays do not penetrate — or "see through" — dense tissues as well as they do through fat. So, in women with dense breasts, mammograms are more difficult to interpret. Tumors also are dense tissue and appear as solid white areas on the mammogram. This can make it more difficult to detect a tumor in dense breasts because it looks a lot like the dense tissue that surrounds it.
Some studies have found that newer digital mammography does a better job detecting cancer in dense breasts than does mammography that uses film. A digital mammogram produces images on a computer screen that can be enhanced and magnified for closer viewing.
Many, but not all, medical centers offer digital mammography. Ask your doctor for a referral to a center that offers this technology if you feel it's best for you.
Sandhya Pruthi, M.D.
Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Proceeds from website advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse non-Mayo products and services.
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Gift Cards & Memberships for Grade School Girls - Gifts for the Wiz Kid
Gift Buzz
Six to 9-year-olds often know exactly what they want and electronic toys are high on their list. But that doesn't mean you can't find something great on your own. Choose a toy that's got major fun potential with an added value of keeping kids... Read More »
You need that gift now. Heck, you needed it yesterday. But don't give up, because here are our top 10 gift ideas that you can give right now. Sent at the speed of email, these gifts arrive in the most timely manner available. Or, print out... Read More »
No one can seem to get enough high school and college grad gift ideas, but what about 8th grade graduation? They deserve a celebration too! They're about to enter high school and we all know how painful that can be at first. So, I've got a... Read More »
Gift cards are still one of the top gifted, and requested, items. Yet as handy and desirable as they are, gift cards can also present challenges. Many cards go unused, to the tune of $1 billion a year, according to The Wall Street Journal's... Read More »


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View the article online at http://citywire.co.uk/new-model-adviser/article/a636396
FSA hikes Sipp capital adequacy requirements
by William Robins on Nov 22, 2012 at 10:14
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) has proposed a hike to capital adequacy requirements for Sipp providers.
Under plans published today the absolute minimum capital a Sipp operator would have to hold will increase from £5,000 to £20,000.
The FSA proposed there would also be an additional requirement for providers that hold 'non-standard' asset types such as unregulated collective investment schemes (Ucis). This is because they will take longer to transfer in a wind-down situation.
The FSA said it will produce a list of standard assets for this purpose.
The number of assets under administration (AUA) will also be taken into account.
In a consultation paper on Sipp capital adequacy published today the FSA said: 'Broadly speaking, the more assets an operator holds the more capital it will need - but this will only apply up to a point.
While the FSA said it recognised that higher AUA also means greater potential risk for investors, it said it also offered an economy of scale in that Sipp operators can transfer some schemes (with the same assets) in bulk.
The FSA is also proposing that core capital must be held in a form that is realisable within a year, while capital held against the non-standard asset surcharge must be realisable within 30 days.
David Geale, the FSA's head of investment policy, said: 'While the Sipp market has grown substantially over time, the capital regime has not changed and needs bringing up to date. These proposals reflect the volume, range and complexity of assets now being put into Sipps and, ultimately, will protect investors better in the unfortunate event an operator is wound down.
'Put simply: the more assets you have under administration – the more capital you will need; and if some of those assets happen to be more risky you will need even more.'
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10 comments so far. Why not have your say?
Nov 22, 2012 at 10:35
It seems sensible to bring it in line with what most DA IFA's have to put aside for their Cap Ad, why should SIPP providers be any different.
The FSA should also ensure this is not a feeble excuse for them to increase their charges, given that they should be well capitalised in any event
report thisNov 22, 2012 at 10:37
So, as a 2 man band IFA we have to hold £10,000 at the moment, but a SIPP provider only £5,000? Really?
report thisNov 22, 2012 at 10:46
@ Paul Barnard
Possibly because advisers advise the clients to do the investments and most SIPP providers dont - they simply provide a wrapper?
report thisNov 22, 2012 at 11:07
So Sipp providers smply provide a wrapper do they, so their duties as custodian of the clients assetts and their role as trustees do not incurr any liabilty.
If it is that risk free why are the FSA so concerned. Just a thought
report thisNov 22, 2012 at 11:14
@ David Cathcart
Of course SIPP Trustees and Operators have certain duties that do carry a liability but I thought that a lot of these changes stem from the number of failing investments and esoteric assets being investied via a SIPP.
It comes down to who has responsibility for the advice again - the adviser for recommending a product or the SIPP operator for allowing it to be invested via their SIPP.
report thisNov 22, 2012 at 11:19
Hence my disbelief
report thisNov 22, 2012 at 11:42
Must say I get fed up with the way NMA reports these kind of stories. Their headline is" FSA hikes SIPP capital adequacy requirements". The slightly less sensational FT Adviser's headline is "FSA increases Sipps capital minimum to £20k". For a magazine and website that is supposed to be aimed at the fee based, chartered and generally new model army some of the stuff is a bit sensationalised!
report thisNov 22, 2012 at 11:51
Pensionman, I detect from your comments bating the responsibilty back to the adviser, that you are a SIPP Provider. That aside, the SIPP Provider takes fees for the service they provide and being the custionian of the clients assets, this is what the FSA want additional capital security, this has nothing to do with the advice, this has everything to do with security of clients assets.
If SIPP providers are now taking the same stance as some DFM's and you know who you are Mr ... and accepting no liabilty for anything, then thats fine IFA's then know where we stand and make our recommendations accordingly.
Does it follow that if a SIPP provider misappropiates a clints fund, then you blame the IFA for not carring out enough due diligence. I know you would like to but unfortunatly the onerous responsibilty of being a trustees will not allow this.
report this
Nov 22, 2012 at 13:14
£20,000, oh the burden!
If a SIPP provider doesn't have access to 10 times that they shouldn't be in business. Are they operating out of caravans?!
report thisNov 22, 2012 at 14:28
As commented on the other thread, the £20k figure is a distraction. That's not going to be a problem for any proper SIPP operator. The key is the formula for the new total capital requirement, which is on p.11 of the consultation paper here:
A SIPP operator with £100m in funds, 20% of which are "non-standard", will have to hold £400k total free capital.
The free capital required doubles if the funds held quadruple.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Kean University Offers
Workshop on UNION, N.J. –The Small Business Development Center of Kean University will present a workshop, titled Developing a Successful Business Plan, on Tuesday, May 10, from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. at the Kenilworth Veterans Center, located at 33 South 21st Street in Kenilworth, N.J. Herb Caesar, president of CED Solutions, LLC, in Englewood, N.J., will
discuss how to develop an effective business plan for planning purposes
or for financing. Topics covered will include what investors and lenders
look for; the contents of a business plan, including the executive summary,
management and personnel, marketing strategy and location; the financial
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Grades K- 1 PBS Kids This website is full of fun superhero games featuring SuperWhy, WordGirl and Sesame Street characters.
EHow.com Learn how to make a super hero belt for your child. Directions for capes are on this site also.
Grades 1-4 America Reads You will find many activities devoted to Spiderman on this website.
Bilingual Families Connect This is another good bilingual site for all ages. There is a link to a webpage to learn Spanish, coloring pages, games and activities in Spanish and many more.
Cartoon Network Watch short clips from the Super Hero Squad show.
DLTK Kids There are activities and crafts related to super heroes on this webpage.
Family Fun: Super Heroes A family site filled with crafts and seasonal activities.
Hispanic Surf This website has many links for bilingual children of Hispanic origin. It is filled with fun sites like: Barbie, CartoonNetwork, PBS Kids and many more.
LearnEnglishKids Style your own super hero!
Grades 5-6Kids WB! A good website for superhero games and information, it is also good for lower grades.
Marvel Kids Play superhero games and read comics on this website.
Warner Brothers: Static Shock An interesting African-American superhero site that has games and activities.


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Cricket Photos of The Week 15.12.13
Quinton de Kock's third consecutive ton; Gilchrist and Waqar in Hall of Fame; Aussies' demolition job; Black Caps win a Test; Cairns vs Doull and more.
See More in Yahoo Cricket Widescreen
1 - 4 of 39
- WI won by 5 wkts.vs. ENGWI2nd T20I
- WI won by 27 runsvs. ENGWI1st T20I
- vs. AUSSA1st T20IMatch abandonedSun, Mar 09, 2014Port Elizabeth, South AfricaAustralia in South Africa ...


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Six students from the Lycoming College Sustainability Committee attended a conference, titled "Making Progress - Working on Climate Change in Pennsylvania Higher Education," at Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, on Nov. 2.
The event was organized by the Pennsylvania Environmental Resource Consortium.
Information was presented on how Pennsylvania colleges and universities are conducting energy audits and implementing energy efficient technology.
In attendance were seniors Kyle Shakespeare, Alyssa Tomaskovic and Laura Walter and juniors Chelsea Brewer, Cody Giles and Samantha Hewitt.
They were accompanied by Dr. Mel Zimmerman, professor of biology and director of the Clean Water Institute, and Dr. Neil Boyd, associate professor of management and chair of business administration.
In 2009, a grant program coordinated by PERC was used to develop Lycoming's solar energy project.
Since then, the college has also established a sustainability minor, biodiesel project and campus-wide sustainability committee.


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Cedar Rapids Weather
Home Schooling Main Reason for Departures from Cedar Rapids SchoolsBy Meryn Fluker, Reporter
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa - It's no secret that students have been leaving the Cedar Rapids Community School District. On Monday, the school board finally got a glimpse of why.
At the board's regular meeting, Executive Administrator of Instructional Services Sandy Stephen presented the results of a survey gauging responses from 134 families whose children open enrolled out of the district for the 2011-12 school year. Their responses represent only a portion of the 1,334 students who live within the Cedar Rapids boundaries but opt to attend school in another district. Of those students, 504 open enroll in order to remain in their former school district and they were not surveyed further. The number one reason why families open enroll to another district is the Marion Independent School District's Home School Assistance Program. Twenty percent of respondents cited it as their rationale. Convenience – such as proximity to work and home – was the second most popular explanation, which represented 17 percent of the responses. Size was the third most-frequent response at 13 percent, with half of those parents citing concerns about elementary classes being too big. Of the surveyed families, 159 open enrolled into the Marion district and 132 selected to send their students to the Linn-Mar Community School District. College Community School District was the third largest pool of polled parents, with 75 families represented in the survey. In the corridor, Cedar Rapids falls in the middle when it comes to open enrollment rates. With 10.77 percent and 8.1 percent respectively, the Marion and Linn-Mar districts have outward open-enrollment rates that trump Cedar Rapids' 5.56 percent. However, College Community's 4.24 percent and Iowa City's 2.99 percent are lower. Multiple board members pushed better marketing and communication as ways to stop the bleeding. "I have a tough time getting a handle on anything that we could do to effectively address open enrollment," said board member Gary Anhalt. "We could maybe do a better job with advertising some of the strong points we do have. There could be some misperception about some of the things that go on in our district … I don't see any major efforts that we could do at this point." Conversation GuidelinesBe KindDon't use abusive, offensive, threatening, racist, vulgar or sexually-oriented language. Share KnowledgeBe truthful. Share what you know and what you are passionate about. Stay focusedPromote lively and healthy debate. Stay on topic. Ask questions and give feedback on the story's topic. Report TroubleHelp us maintain a quality comment section by reporting comments that are offensive. If you see a comment that is offensive, or you feel violates our guidelines, simply click on the "x" to the far right of the comment to report it. read the full guidelines here » Commenting will be disabled on stories dealing with the following subject matter: Crime, sexual abuse, property fires, automobile accidents, Amber Alerts, Operation Quickfinds and suicides. Most Popular |
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- 10-29-2011, 03:40 PM #1Member
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Using an array which is in a superclass
Ok so I have these two classes: Book and Encyclopedia. I want to create a method in Encyclopedia. I want it to modify an array which is an object in Book class. I'm not allowed to take the array as a method input like this: public void MethodName(Book [] a, String ...){ Instead, I have to find a way to call that array in the method and modify one of the elements in it. I know how to modify the element, just I don't know how to call the array in a superclass to a subclass. Thanks.
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Re: Using an array which is in a superclass
If that array isn't private there is no problem at all, you can do with it whatever you want. If it is private and there is no method in that superclass that hands over that array, you have no way to access that array. I don't understand your last remark.
kind regards,
Joscenosillicaphobia: the fear for an empty beer glass
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Re: Using an array which is in a superclass
The array is private and I do have getter/setter methods.
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For the past four years, Black Hills State University students have traveled around the country to volunteer their time and energy improving communities in need, from rebuilding houses in New Orleans to planting trees in Seattle. This year, the BHSU Office of Civic Engagement is planning a trip to the California Redwoods. The 21 students and their advisor will work with children at Camp Campbell, a YMCA camp near Boulder Creek, Calif.
Students from BHSU will be serving as cabin leaders for the camp's Outdoor Science School, a science and nature education program for fifth and sixth grade students. The cabin leaders will supervise and mentor students throughout the week as they participate in educational hikes, outdoor labs, and other various activities. The student participants will learn about issues such as leadership, mentoring, and our natural world. The knowledge and practices learned will be brought back to South Dakota and used to improve and maintain our local community.
"As a former participant of this program, I know that this trip has the potential to be life-changing," said Richard Raridon, the volunteer coordinator at BHSU and the group's advisor. "Not only is this a great opportunity for the students to gain experiential education, but I think it will benefit the Spearfish community as well. This year, in addition to the trip, students will be required to participate in a local pre-trip and post-trip community service project."
Fundraising efforts are now underway for the travel expenses, which present a significant cost to the students. The participants will pay for all expenses that are not otherwise funded. If you are interested in supporting the Alternative Spring Break team, donations can be sent to the BHSU Office of Civic Engagement, 1200 University Street, Unit 9035, Spearfish, SD 57799. All donations are tax deductible, and checks can be written to the BHSU Foundation.
For additional information, contact Richard Raridon at 642-6471 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Black Hills State University faculty, staff, and students are transforming lives and making headlines with their achievements. Below you will find our most recent headlines. Articles are archived monthly and are available by following the links on the right. Email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 605.642.6215 to share your news item.
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CONTACT INFORMATION: Black Hills State University Office of Admissions 1200 University St. Unit 9502 Spearfish, SD 57799-9502 605.642.6343 email@example.com
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NebuAd suspends Web-monitoring plans
Silicon Valley start-up NebuAd has suspended plans to deploy a controversial program that displays ads based on the monitoring of Web activity while Congress reviews privacy concerns, according to a report in The Washington Post.
The secretive company, which intercepts and performs deep-packet inspection of what's flowing through a company's network in hopes of delivering relevant ads, announced earlier this week that co-founder and CEO Bob Dykes was resigning. His departure comes as several Internet companies canceled or suspended trials of the tracking technique.
"Our platform was architected to be a multi-channel ad system," spokeswoman Janet … Read more


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March 11, 2014
Aug 1, 2005
If you think the tap water tastes a little different, you're not alone. Citizens in Albemarle and Charlottesville have noticed a natural taste and smell to their water, but it's not necessarily good.
"Well I work at UVa--so it tastes really bad down there, terrible, I can't drink it," said Silvia LaRue of Earlysville. I don't know what's happened down there. They're flushing the lines or so I heard."
She's not alone--several citizens describe the taste as "earthy," but it's not because of flushing the lines.
"We believe that it could be a byproduct of the treatment process and we think it's coming from algae," said Robert Wichser of Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority.
"It tastes like dirt because it does taste as if it hit rock bottom of the reservoir as if they've gotten the dirt," described LaRue.
Now about 15 people have called in to complain about the smell and taste of their drinking water. The interesting thing is that there were similar complaints about this very thing last year.
"Generally in the warmer months in the summer when it gets really hot you can get an earthy, musty, taste and odor from bluegreen algae," said Wischer.
The Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority is monitoring the water daily with this equipment. They are also changing the treatment process by adding activated carbon to the water and the city and county have instituted flushing programs to improve the taste and smell.
"It's 100 percent safe to drink. There are no impacts whatsoever from drinking this water. It meets all the requirements," Wischer.
It does not appear to be an overwhelming problem, however to improve the taste yourself you can: chill the water, add lemon juice, or put the water through a blender first.
The Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority says it tests daily for bacteria and chemicals in the water.


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Home | Our Products | Prices and Performance | Insights | Planning | Forms and Literature | Sales Center |
Quarterly Fact Sheet: Diversified Real Return (R2)
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Investment objectives, performance, top holdings and other key fund information. |
Guide to Retirement: Protecting retirement portfolios from inflation Updated as of: 02/28/13Discuss the importance of hedging retirement portfolios from the future effects of inflation. 2 pages View more details |


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Edition | Price | Availability |
Ebook, Epub 2012 |
903 533
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Paperback 2013 |
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About the Book:
From the inspirational author of Tuesdays with Morrie and The Five People You Meet in Heaven comes his most heartfelt novel yet, The Time Keeper--the compelling tale of the first man on earth to count the hours. The man who became Father Time. In this stunning new novel, the inventor of the world's first clock is punished for trying to measure time. He is banished to a cave for centuries and forced to listen to the voices of all who come after him seeking more years for themselves. At last, with his soul nearly broken, Father Time is granted his freedom, along with a mission: a chance to redeem himself by teaching two earthly people the true meaning of time. He returns to our world--now dominated by the obsession with time he so innocently began--and commences a journey with two unlikely partners: one a teenage girl who is about to give up on life, the other a wealthy old businessman who wants to live forever. To save himself, he must save them both. And stop the world to do so. Gripping, simply told and filled with deep human truth, this unforgettable story will inspire readers everywhere to reconsider their own notions of time, how they spend it and how precious it truly is.
Title: | The Time Keeper | Publisher: | Sphere |
Author: | Mitch Albom |
Edition: | Hardcover |
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* Book reviews are added by registered customers. They need not necessarily buy book. * These books are NOT available for reading online or for free download in PDF or ebook format. * Price can change due to reprinting, price change by publisher or sourcing cost change for imported books. www.infibeam.com/Books is the biggest online bookstore in India for sale of books at best price - fiction, literature, audiobooks, study guides, novels, story books, rare books, textbooks and books by popular authors. These are available in various editions and bindings e.g. paperback and at best discount. |


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Performing Arts
Meet Our Faculty
All full-time faculty in the Performing Arts Department are active professionals in their field. Each one is a performer or creator who works regularly in the arts scene in Boston and beyond. They bring real-life, hands-on experiences back to the classroom and to the students.
Timothy Evans
Lecturer in Performing Arts
M.M., Michigan State University; B.A., Bryan College
Scott Gagnon
Assistant Professor of Performing Arts
M.A., Emerson College; B.A., Bridgewater State College
Thomas Schnauber
Chair, Department of Performing Arts; Associate Professor of Performing Arts
Ph.D., M.Mus., University of Michigan; B.Mus., University of Southern California; Adv. Stud. Cert. SMPTV


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Time Warp Wednesday - Excel Menus: Podcast 101
Over the past several months, many emails and messages have come to us asking about earlier MrExcel Podcasts. In an attempt to make even the earliest episodes available, we are introducing... "Time Warp Wednesday".
Welcome to 'Time Warp Wednesday'! Today, the first MrExcel Podcast [created October, 2005]. Episode 101 deals with Excel Menus and how to work the Excel user interface so that all menu items are readily visible to the user. Enjoy and Thank You for Viewing!
...This blog is the video podcast companion to the book, Learn Excel 97-2007 from MrExcel. Download a new two minute video every workday to learn one of the 377 tips from the book!
Labels: accounting, business, Excel, menu, MrExcel, spreadsheets, technology, tutorial


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Drug Compare
Generic: evening primrose
an herbal product - treats Cardiovascular health, Obesity/weight loss, Raynaud's phenomenon, Pre-eclampsia/high blood pressure of pregnancy, Multiple sclerosis, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Diabetic neuropathy, Asthma, Osteoporosis, Breast cysts, Breast pain, Diabetes, Schizophrenia, Scale-like dry skin, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis, Breast cancer, Bronchitis, Pre-menstrual syndrome, Chronic fatigue syndrome/post-viral infection symptoms, Atopic dermatitis, and Menopause
TraditionWARNING: DISCLAIMER: The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.Alcoholism, antioxidant, atherosclerosis, bruises (primrose oil applied to the skin), cancer, cancer prevention, chemotherapy- induced neuropathy (nerve damage), Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, disorders of the stomach and intestines, hangover remedy, heart disease, hemorrhoids, hepatitis B, high cholesterol, inflammation, irritable bowel syndrome, kidney stones, labor and delivery (preventing preterm delivery and promoting easier birth), melanoma, multiple sclerosis, pain, post- natal depression, scleroderma, Sjögren's syndrome, skin conditions due to kidney failure in dialysis patients, stomach pain, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tumors (fibroadenomas), ulcerative colitis, whooping cough, wound healing (primrose oil poultice applied to the skin). DosingAdults (18 years and older)Studies in the treatment of eczema have used doses of 4 to 8 grams of evening primrose oil (EPO) daily, taken by mouth, divided into several smaller doses throughout the day. Studies treating breast pain have used doses of 3 grams EPO daily, taken by mouth, divided into several smaller doses throughout the day. Children (younger than 18 years)Studies in children treated for skin conditions have used 3 grams of evening primrose oil daily, taken by mouth, divided into several smaller doses throughout the day. It is reported that the maximum dose should not be greater than 0.5 gram per kilogram of body weight daily. Medical supervision is required. |


text: Registered State Legislative Agent representing, engineering, and tele-service industries as well as numerous charities. Political Campaign Manager of 168 Local political campaigns, experienced with Political candidates, grassroots political campaigns circulation of petitions for local issues,Literature Drops, Walk & Talks and Get Out The Vote efforts. Managed Political campaign call center, Data Mining and Statistical Analysis (SPSS) Managed paid campaign staff, temporary employees and volunteers Certified Corporate Trainer for #5 Inc. 500 Fastest Growing Companies Associate Trainer for Fortune 500 company Managed Grassroots political campaigns; Ward 7 Liquor Sales campaign proponent to keep sale of beer and wine in convenience stores AT&T - Net Neutrality ââ¬â Letters of support - Ohio Grassroots political campaign experience GM Detroit - Silverado 200000 Mile Club' search ââ¬â Ohio GM Detroit - Engineers 100 Years of Innovation GM Detroit - E-85 Biofuel "Live Green Go Yellow" GM Detroit - Active Fuel Management ââ¬â Cylinder Deactivation OLBA - Ohio Licensed Beverage Association - Membership Director OAO - Ohio Association of Opticians ââ¬â Marketing Director One Pair of Eyes Eye Health and Eye Safety ââ¬â High School eye safety education $250,000 Grant from Ohio State Department of Health NHI - National Hospitality Institute ââ¬â Techniques of Alcohol Management (TAM) Certified Trainer -Liquor Permit holder/owner operator legal and best practices Grant from Ohio Liquor Control to reduce fatalities and DUI's, with grant from Federal Transportation.


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PC - Windows
This page contains Transformers: War For Cybertron Unlockables for PC - Windows called "Play as Slipstream" and has been posted or updated on Jun 23, 2010 by aarave. Let us know what you think of this Unlockable by thumbs voting.
- Developer: High Moon Studios
- Publisher: Activision
- Genre: Action Adventure Sci-Fi
- Release Date: Jun 22, 2010
- ESRB: Teen
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You have to finish the Decepticon campaign.
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Artwork in Pastel Pencils by Sara Moon.
sara moon, portrait, woman, birds, doves, beige, female form, free spirit, sketch
I am SO proud and pleased to be able to say I OWN THE ORIGINAL of this work. It was presented to me by Bijan last year. IT IS AMAZINGLY beautiful. Please – Zoom in full to see the detail!! John.
Lovely Sarah. I would love a print of this.
inredibly beautiful
Thank you for this. I am delighted to say, Bijan gifted me this artwork. The real thing is truly gorgeous. John.
Wonderful art work
Delicate and lovely:-)