text:
New Mexico has a long history of leading solar development. This continues to be true, despite the closure of Schott Solar earlier this summer. A new company hopes to start manufacturing again at the Schott plant.
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SEIA is the solar energy industry's go-to source for the latest coverage on solar power, including U.S. and international policy, research and polls, business and financing trends, and more. Our staff strives to support the media covering solar energy issues and guide our members on effective media outreach with clear statements, background materials, news and multimedia resources.
SEIA is committed to informing policymakers, the media, and the American public about the benefits of solar energy for today's communities, our economy, and our country.
Learn more from our statements and industry news below.
Solar farm to power former Savanna Army Depot
A toppled light pole symbolizes decay at the former Savanna Army Depot, which closed its gates for good in 2000. But now, the neglected site is ready to shine again.
California Solar Energy Solutions Provider Launches Guide to Help Consumers Get Started with Solar Power
Kurios Energy, a California solar power solutions provider for the Central Valley and Bay Area in California, announced today it is releasing a new guide to help consumers easily make the transition to solar power.
Va regulators considering Dominion solar proposals
RICHMOND, Va. (AP) - Virginia regulators are considering Dominion Virginia Power's proposed plan to increase the use of solar power.
Communities collaborate on solar projects
ROCKFORD, Minn. -- David Schmidt has been intrigued by the idea of generating power from the sun for a long time, but he had never taken the next step.
Solar Power Amping Up In Central Ohio
In the past two years, the price of solar panels has dropped dramatically. In Ohio, the industry is creating jobs and helping boost our economy in a big way. And the growth is just beginning.
Solar Institute in Lauderdale to Train Jobless Veterans
The U.S. Solar Institute, a Fort Lauderdale school, has been chosen by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to train former military service members without jobs in how to install solar-panel systems.
Solar: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Energy Independence
No energy source is more American than solar. Technologies to convert sunshine to electricity were pioneered in the U.S. half a century ago at Bell Labs, and quickly became a source of inspiration and imagination. In the last several years, solar energy has awoken from yesterday's dream to today's reality.
PUD's Planet Power Supports 6 New Solar and School Projects
More than 3,000 Snohomish County PUD customers are supporting solar energy demonstration projects by participating in the utility's voluntary Planet Power green energy program.
Georgia Power and Solar Design & Development Form Alliance on Utility-Scale Solar Projects
Georgia Power and Atlanta-based Solar Design & Development (SD&D) have collaborated to develop and install around the state a series of solar projects totaling 19 megawatts (MW) – Georgia Power's first retail utility-scale solar power development.


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The only problem is that the string is still under tension - it wants to chip the side of the nut slot, so be careful.
I would have gone five stars here, my only wish would be for a bit of a handlegrip for old fingers like mine.Way safer for fretboards than the kludges I was using before.You may want to buy a few as they are easy to misplace, but at the price it only makes sense!
Cheap, good and fast. You rarely get all three.
easy. :)
Simple and very useful item.
i use this with the nut slot gauge
It does what it says it does. For under five bucks just add one to your next order, you won't regret it.
Cheap little tool that should last a while. Works as described to lift strings under tension from the nut. Didn't know how often I'd use it but have had it on the bench in use since it showed up.
Great little tool. So simple. Saves on broken nails. Lift the string, ease it to the side, put it back when done. Simples.
I first used this tool whilst making my first guitar on course at the excellent Totnes School of Guitar Making. As soon as I used it I knew it would be one of the first items I would order from Stewmac when setting up my own workshop. Filing nut slots to get the action correct at the first fret would be much more difficult without this simple but effective item. It saves time, prevents accidental damage to your instrument and keeps your nails intact.
To add items to your order, select the check box next to the item you want. You can edit the quantity you wish to purchase here, or in Your Order.
To add items to your saved list, select the check boxes next to the items you want. You can edit the quantity you wish to save here, or in your Saved List.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Notebook Accessories
macally Cooling Stand Model EZBOOKPAD
Accessory Type: Cooler Specifications: Number of Fans: 1 Fan Speed: 2000 rpm Noise Levels: 1 x 22 dB(A) Interfaces/Ports: USB Input Voltage: 5 V Material: Aluminum Weight (Approximate): 14.89 oz Additional Information: Multiple adjustable heights for an improved typing and viewing comfort. Adjustable fan location to match with laptop's heat area. Super quiet fan for maximum heat...
iGo Power Tip Model 6601131-03
Accessory Type: Power Tip Specifications: Weight (Approximate): 0.80 oz Features: Compatibility: Notebooks iGo Power Adapters: everywhere85 ewMAX wallMAX Parts: 2 years limited Labor: 2 years limited
Titan 12" to 15" (without number pad) Laptop Keyboard Protector Model TTN-ST01
Accessory Type: Keyboard Protector Specifications: For 12" to 15" (without number pad) Laptops Size: 330 x 150 x 0.2mm (13.0" x 5.9" x 0.008") Weight: 18.5g (0.04 lbs.) Material: Silicone Film Features: Water, cigarette ash and dust resistant Durability: not easy to damage Anti-slide function: cover on the keyboard without movement Washable: easy to clean with water...
iGo Laptop Tip S5 for 90Watt Legacy Igo Notebook Chargers Model 6600105-02
Accessory Type: Power Module Features: Deliver the right amount of power to your laptop computer using this interchangeable tip with iGo power tip technology. Compatible with the latest models of Laptop computers - No need to buy a new adapter when you upgrade - Automatically configure to ensure each device gets the precise amount of power Parts: 2 years limited Labor: 2 years limited
macally Bamboo Cooling Stand for Laptop Computer with Mouse Pad Model ECOPAD
Accessory Type: Stand Specifications: Bamboo Cooling Stand for Laptop Computer Features: Stable and lightweight construction to sustain virtually any kind of working task. Slotted surface designed to provide better ventilation and allow airflow to distribute evenly under your notebook. Convenient built-in mouse pad that slides out for mouse use and slides in for compact storage. Optimum size...


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Eliminate messes caused by tangled cords and small hoses. Cord coils neatly insidethe donut-shaped plastic shell and extends out of each end to be plugged in andused. Simply pull on the cord to acquire the length you need for your particular taskand recoil it when you are finished. Holds up to 100' of standard 16/3 and most 14/3extension cords. Shell is 12-5/8" in diameter and 3-7/8" deep. Cord not included.
Tech Spec
Brand | Cordpro |
Manufacturer Part Number | CP-100 YELLOW |
Weight (lbs) | 0.6300 |
Average Score:
4.5/5I have had mine for 15yrs....
Posted July 16, 2012
I have had mine for 15yrs. I purchased it at a RV and Trailer show. I have regretted not getting more for many years, until now I was unable to find anyone who sells them. They are fantastic!!!!
I bought two of these at...
Posted December 18, 2011
I bought two of these at the Fine Woodworking show in Columbus, OH a few years ago. I thought it was worth a try. They are still holding up well, and makes storage of the cords nice and neat. I have no complaints. Hang them on a hook, or keep in a drawer. Really a solid product.
I purchased four of these after...
Posted June 13, 2011
I purchased four of these after teting for myself and have been very satisfied and found these a great Organizer and makes others wo use my cords put them back in an organized manner. Great product for the price.
It's a great idea......but users should...
Posted May 15, 2011
It's a great idea......but users should be cautioned to not skimp on the size of electric cord being used, and - if marginal - to be sure to fully extend the cord. I'm not an electrician, but I understand that when electricity is passed thru a coiled wire there is an increased resistance a la toaster, soldering iron, etc.. I once witnessed a licensed electrician burn out the motor of his 'pancake' compressor, because he was in a hurry and left his 75 or 100 foot cord coiled up on the ground instead of fully extending it.
I purchased two CordPros at a...
Posted July 5, 2010
I purchased two CordPros at a woodworking show a few years ago. I loaded 88 & 90 foot 12 guage extension cords on them. People use the term, "the greatest thing since sliced bread". These come awful close. I ordered more online including one of the XL's. The XL holds a 50 foot 10 guage 30 amp extension for my RV and has a handle which makes winding the cord much easier. I have ordered more since then including the small ones which are great for small extensions, etc. Folks have seen them while we were camping and I will tell them about the CordPro and tell them where to order them. The only issue I have with them is that you can't get pneumatic hose or a water hose to bend 180 degrees to allow the "auto" unwind feature. The cord doubles back on the divider inside the CordPro. This can be overcome by passing the hose through the divider and winding both sides CW or CCW. I would recommend CordPros to anyone looking for a great way to organize their extension cords, etc. It's great product and well worth the $.


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Buy Art and Magic of Shaun Robison Volume 2 for only $34.95
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Art and Magic of Shaun Robison Volume 2
Art and Magic of Shaun Robison Volume 2
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On Volume 2 you will see Shaun perform and then explain 6 more effects that keeps him busy with 4 restaurants 5 nights a week. Tried and tested in real world conditions.
In addition to his professional career as a magician, Shaun Robison is also a published illustrator. He has illustrated works for Harry Lorayne in Personal Secrets, for Jim Sisti in The Magic Menu, for Richard Osterlind in The Perfected Center Tear as well as designing graphics for the Delmonico's Italian Steakhouse Corporation.
On this DVD you will learn:
The Kiss Trick -
The creation of real magic. You create Hershey Kisses®. Quite possibly the only trick that uses ALL 5 SENSES!
Poor Man's Waltz -
A cheaper version of The Anniversary Waltz without the special cards.
Boston 2 Step -
4 half dollars and a penny do some fancy footwork around a little brass box.
Invisible Coin Aces -
Part of the routine that Shaun used in his SAM compatition act, a VERY strong and visual Okito Box routine!
Postal Traveler -
A triumph effect with a signed card leading up to a prediction from your friend in Japan. The postcard from your friend turns out to be the signed card!
My Monte -
A 3 Card Monte effect ending with the money card vanishing and turning into REAL MONEY!
"I've seen Shaun do so much of this stuff and it is obvious that it is right out of a working pro's repertoire. Strong magic for real people...it doesn't get better than that!"
-- Marc DeSouza
"Shaun's personality really makes this stuff look like magic. So much usable stuff! Where have you been hiding?"
-- Tony Spina
Customer Reviews: Art and Magic of Shaun Robison Volume 2!
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Magic Help Forum: Art and Magic of Shaun Robison Volume 2!
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Item #: 88061 | Model #: 904500
Enter ZIP code to see price.
6-Volt Cordless Nailer
Accessories/Parts Included | Paslode backpack, Roofer's Choice Fuel+Nail Combo Pack, tether, battery, battery charger, safety glasses |
Battery Size | Other |
Battery Voltage | 6 |
Color / Finish | Orange |
Depth Control | Yes |
Fastener Gauge Range | 0 |
Fastener Length Range | 1-1/4" - 1-3/4" |
Housing Material | Plastic |
Length (Inches) | 14.0 |
Package Contents | Paslode Cordless Roofing Nailer, backpack, Roofer's Choice Fuel+Nail Combo Pack, tether, battery, battery charger, safety glasses |
Strip or Coil | Coil |
Tool Weight (lbs.) | 7.0 |
ANSI Safety Listing | Yes |
Battery Recharge Time (Hours) | 2.0 |
Case Included | Yes |
Charger Included | Yes |
Collation Type | Wire |
Fastener Type | Wire weld coil roofing nail |
Fasteners Used | Wire weld coil roofing nail |
Height (Inches) | 16.0 |
Nail Type | Roofing |
Recommended Safety Equipment | Always wear safety glasses when operating tool |
Warranty | Yes |
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text:
A Course in Miracles
, Lesson 20
Oprah.com | January 01, 2008
Once you realize how powerful your thoughts are, you grow increasingly eager to see through the eyes of love. Wanting peace and happiness, you know you must discipline your thoughts in a way that makes those experiences more likely.
With Lesson 20, begin to command the mind to see with true vision.
I am determined to see.
We have been quite casual about our practice periods thus far. There has been virtually no attempt to direct the time for undertaking them, minimal effort has been required, and not even active cooperation and interest have been asked. This approach has been intentional, and very carefully planned. We have not lost sight of the crucial importance of the reversal of your thinking. The salvation of the world depends on it. Yet you will not see if you regard yourself as being coerced, and if you give in to resentment and opposition.
This is our first attempt to introduce structure. Do not misconstrue it as an effort to exert force or pressure. You want salvation. You want to be happy. You want peace. You do not have them now, because your mind is totally undisciplined, and you cannot distinguish between joy and sorrow, pleasure and pain, love and fear. You are now learning how to tell them apart. And great indeed will be your reward.
Your decision to see is all that vision requires. What you want is yours. Do not mistake the little effort that is asked of you for an indication that our goal is of little worth. Can the salvation of the world be a trivial purpose? And can the world be saved if you are not? God has one Son, and he is the resurrection and the life. His will is done because all power is given him in Heaven and on earth. In your determination to see is vision given you.
The exercises for today consist in reminding yourself throughout the day that you want to see. Today's idea also tacitly implies the recognition that you do not see now. Therefore, as you repeat the idea, you are stating that you are determined to change your present state for a better one, and one you really want.
Repeat today's idea slowly and positively at least twice an hour today, attempting to do so every half hour. Do not be distressed if you forget to do so, but make a real effort to remember. The extra repetitions should be applied to any situation, person or event that upsets you. You can see them differently, and you will. What you desire you will see. Such is the real law of cause and effect as it operates in the world.
Quote of the Day
A miracle is a shift in thinking from what we might have done in the past or should be doing in the future, to what we feel free to do right here, right now. A miracle is a release from internal bondage. Our capacity for brilliance is equal to our capacity to forget the past and forget the future. That's why little children are brilliant. They don't remember the past, and they don't relate to the future. Be us as little children, that the world might finally grow up.
— Excerpted from
A Return to Love: Reflections on the Principles of
A Course in Miracles
Printed from Oprah.com on Thursday, March 13, 2014
© 2014 Harpo Productions, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Electrics – Videos
View Comments (0)
Name: Alien Aircraft Gee Bee Sport Test Flight
Created: 2011-12-23 17:31:28
Categories: Electrics,Scale
Description: First test flight of this great looking laser cut ballsa and lite ply kit plane.
View Comments (0)
Name: AR Drone
Created: 2011-04-14 21:07:05
Tags: ar drone
Categories: Electrics,Daily Picks
Description: A sneak peak at this amazing example of modern technology.
View Comments (0)
Name: Are You Unique Teaser
Created: 2012-12-27 17:57:46
Categories: Electrics
View Comments (0)
Name: B-17 interview #1
Created: 2011-04-16 01:31:30
Tags: seff 2011
Categories: Electrics
Description: We talk to the pilot of this great looking ASM B-17.
View Comments (0)
Name: BH Models Wild Hots
Created: 2011-06-15 17:06:57
Tags: rc planes
Categories: Electrics
Description: Interview and flight video of the Wild Hots
View Comments (0)
Name: Cermark Fantasy Racer Flight
Created: 2011-04-14 13:55:39
Categories: Electrics
Description: Flight footage of the Cermark Fantasy Racer.
View Comments (1)
Name: Charger RC Fusion 3D.mp4
Created: 2012-03-14 18:51:58
Categories: Electrics,Daily Picks
Description: interview and flight of the Charger RC Fusion 3D


text:
Valery Leontiev
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013) |
Valery Leontiev | |
Background information | |
Birth name | Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev |
Born | 19 March 1949 |
Origin | Ust-Usa, Komi ASSR, RSFSR, Soviet Union |
Genres | Pop, rock, dance. |
Occupations | Singer, Actor |
Instruments | Vocals |
Years active | 1972–present |
Associated acts | Alla Pugacheva, Raimonds Pauls, David Tukhmanov, Yury G. Chernavsky, Igor Talkov, Oleg Gazmanov, Igor Krutoy |
Website | www.leontiev.ru |
Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev (Russian: Валерий Яковлевич Леонтьев; born 19 March 1949 in Ust-Usa, Komi ASSR, RSFSR, Soviet Union) is a Soviet and Russian pop singer whose popularity peaked in the early 1980s. He was titled a People's Artist of Russia in 1996. He is known as one of the most prominent artists of Russian music. Over the course of his decades-long career, he has recorded more than 30 albums, many of which sold millions of copies.
Biography and stage career[edit]
Prior to becoming a singer, he faced a hard childhood and struggle with his parents. His original dream was to pursue a career in oceanography, unfortunately, it was not realised as he failed to pass the entry exams to a college. However, he did not let that stop him as he eventually was able to go to Syktyvkar and pursue a singing career. Before he knew it, he became a member of the Republican Philharmonic ensemble called Echo.
He began performing at historical landmarks such as the concert hall Oktyabrskiy Big Concert Hall in St. Petersburg. Then he joined the Gorky Philharmonic and his career began to take off. As the public began to recognize his style and singing, they became immersed in his music and he was on his way to ultimate Russian stardom. From here on he began travelling all over the country, then Europe, and then the world. In 1987, he graduated from the Institute of Culture and also received the Merited Artist of Ukraine title. He became a well recognized figure as he was nominated and won numerous world music awards.
Leontiev in first Union pop festival, held in Yerevan in 1981[edit]
Immediately after the festival in the foreign press has good articles, one of them appeared in Time.[1]
Valeri Leontiev, 32, a booted, bolero-suited dancing rocker whose performance falls somewhere between those of Mick Jagger and Mikhail Baryshnikov
On the stage[edit]
- 1972 first solo concert was in Palace of Culture Miners. (Vorkuta)
- 1980 first solo concert in Moscow (Luzhniki Stadium, the Theater of Variety, TSDKZH, the Olympic Village)
- 1981 First solo concerts in Oktyabrskiy Big Concert Hall, Leningrad
- 1981 First participation in the finale of the festival "Song of the Year "
- 1981 participated in the competition - festival "Yerevan - 81.
- 1983 concert program, "I'm just a singer" (18 sold-out concerts in Leningrad)
- 1984 concert program, "I run for life"
- 1985 concert program, "Alone with all", which became a cult. Because queues for tickets on a few central streets of Leningrad stopped traffic. 10 concerts
- 1986 concert program "Star story"
- 1987 concert program "Favorites"
- 1988 June - 1989 November - rock opera "Giordano", more than 50 concerts in Moscow and Leningrad. Leontiev plays 3 main roles (out of 4!) - Giordano Bruno, a clown and Satan.
- 1988 show "A matter of taste, tour of India
- 1988-1989 grand tour of cities of the USSR. For example, only one Novosibirsk in 1988 Leont'ev gives a series of 27 recitals.
- 1990 show "It seems to me that I have not lived" in the Olympic Stadium. Concerts in the USA, India, Germany, Israel
- 1993 show "Full Moon" - first super-show in Russia
- 1994 show "Beauty and Casanova" - the first concert of pop star with a symphony orchestra in Russia. With the participation of the sex symbol of the 1960 Gina Lollobrigida
- 1996 show "On the road to Hollywood", touring in the U.S., Germany, Israel, Canada
- 1998 Concert on the Square of Stars, a solo concert at the 50 th anniversary of the State of Israel (Tel Aviv, 14 May 1998), a tour in Germany, the United States and the United Arab Emirates
- 1999 super-show "Photographer of Dreams", a tour to Russia, Ukraine, Israel, United States, Canada, Germany, Baltic states
- 2001 super-show "Unnamed Planet", a tour to Russia, Ukraine, Baltic States, the United States, Germany
- 2003 concert tour of "The Sixth Life" (Russia, Ukraine, United States, Germany, Israel)
- 2004, 11–14 March - solo concerts in Oktyabrskiy Big Concert Hall.
- 2004, 12 March - The 300th solo concert in St. Petersburg.
- 2005 concert program, "Valery Leontiev presents ..." (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus)
- 2006-2008 - a tour to Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Israel
- 2009 - an anniversary show of "I love you, miss you, I'm waiting. Tour of the U.S., Israel
- 2010 - tours in Australia
- October 21-22, 2011 - concert in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses (the show "The best ever!")
- October 21-22, 2012 - concert in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses (show "By popular demand ...")
- 1983 "Muse"
- 1984 "Dialogue"
- 1984 "Premiere"
- 1986 "Disco club 16 B"
- 1986 "Velvet season"
- 1987 «Valeri LEONTJEV»
- 1988 "I am - just a singer"
- 1990 "A matter of taste"
- 1990 "Wicked Way"
- 1993 "Night"
- 1993 "Last night"
- 1993 "Full Moon"
- 1994 "Touch"
- 1994 "At the gate of the Lord"
- 1995 "On the road to Hollywood"
- 1997 "Santa Barbara"
- 1999 "rope-dancer"
- 1999 "Everyone wants to love"
- 2001 "Augustine"
- 2003 "Maple Leaf"
- 2004 "Night Call"
- 2005 "I fall into the heavens"
- 2008 "in Recital Concert Hall" (DVD)
- 2009 "The years of wandering"
- 2011 "painter"
- 2014 "Love-Trap"
- 1979 Valery was given the 1st Award at the All-Union Contest in Yalta for the best performance of the songs of the Soviet nations.
- First prize of the XVI International Festival "Golden Orpheus" in Bulgaria (1980).
- "ZD Awards 1980" - singer of the year
- "Performer of the Year 1981" according to the contest, "Estrada-81" (Komsomolskaya Pravda 02/05/1982)
- "Singer of the Year 1983" according to a poll of readers of the newspaper "Smena" (1983)
- "Singer of the Year 1984" according to a poll of readers of the newspaper "Smena" (1984)
- "Singer of the Year 1985" according to a poll of readers of the newspaper "Smena" (1985)
- "ZD Awards 1985" - singer of the year
- "ZD Awards 1986" - singer of the year
- "The best song of 1987" on the basis of open voting ITAR-TASS in the USSR, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and others - megahit "White Crow"
- "The best singer of 1988" on the basis of open voting ITAR-TASS
- "Best Performer 1990" according to the All-Union charts TASS
- "Best song of 1990" according to the All-Union charts TASS "Wicked Way"
- World Music Awards in Monte Carlo, the prize Golden treble clef for "Best-selling soviet recording-artist of the year" (1991)
- "Profi - 1991". Prize - singer of the year
- "Ovation (award) 1993. Prize - "for nondecreasing artistry" (created specifically for Valery Leontiev)
- "ZD Awards 1996" for best show of the year - "On the road to Hollywood..."
- "Ovation 1996" for best show, the spectacle ( "On the road to Hollywood")
- "Ovation 1996" in nomination "Singer of the Year
- Song of the Year 1997 - awarded a special prize for a great contribution to the development of Russian pop music.
- "Ovation 1998", the prize is "Living Legend"
- "Stopudoviy hit 1998" - award from the radio station Hit FM for the song "Nine chrysanthemums"
- 28 March 1998 - the inception of a star on the Star Square (Moscow, Red Square).
- "ZD Awards 1999" for best show of the year - "Photographer of Dreams"
- "Ovation 1999" for best show, the spectacle ( "Photographer of Dreams")
- "Golden Gramophone 1999" for the hit "Everybody wants to love"
- "Stopudoviy Hit 1999" award from the radio station Hit FM for the song "Everyone wants to love"
- "Stopudoviy Hit 2000" award from the radio station Hit FM for the song "Augustine"
- "Golden Gramophone 2000" for the hits "Augustine" and "If you go"
- "ZD Awards 2001" for best show of the year - "super show Nameless Planet
- "Muz-TV 2003" ( "The first national music television award in the field of popular music"), a nomination - "For achievements in the development of popular music".
- Valery Leontiev listed in the Russian Encyclopedia (2005).[2]
- "Golden Gramophone 2005" for the song "Berry"
- "Golden Gramophone 2008 " for the song "Dove"
- "God of the Ether 2009" in nomination "Radiorekord" (for the record number of rotations)
- "Slavic Bazaar 2009" Through Art - to Peace and Understanding
- "ZD Awards 2009" - Special prize "Legend"
- Lenin Komsomol Prize (1985) - for the promotion of Soviet pop songs of youth and high performance skills
- Merited Artist of Ukrainian SSR (1987)
- People's Artist of the RSFSR (9 March 1996)
- Prize of the Moscow Government in the field of literature and the arts for 1996 - for the super show "Full Moon" and "On the way to Hollywood"
- Order "For the rebirth of Russia. 21st Century" (2003)
- Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 4th class (19 March 2005) - for his great contribution to the development of music
- Order of Mikhail Lomonosov (2007)
- Order of Peter the Great, 1st class (2007)
- Order of Honor (2009) - for great contribution to the development of national music art and many years of creative activity
- People's Artist of the Republic of Komi (2009)
- Slavic Bazaar - A medal art - for peace and understanding in 2009
- Medal "For Faith and Good" (2010).
Real estate[edit]
- Apartment in the club house in the historic center of Moscow. Purchased in 1993
- Villa in Coral Gables, Miami, Florida, USA (neighbors - Sylvester Stallone and Madonna). Purchased in 1996
- Apartment on Collins Avenue, Miami, FL, USA. Purchased in 2002
- Apartment in Hallandale Beach, Florida, USA. Purchased in 2005
- Villa in Alicante, Spain (neighbors - Mikhail Gorbachev, Victoria Beckham). Purchased in 2008
- On account of Valery Leontiev there is even a duet with Vladimir Putin: in August 2006 in Sochi, a concert for the heads of the CIS, which Leont'ev worked for a program of four songs. In the final speech, when the artist was called for an encore, he decided to perform the song "Hope." Suddenly, he was joined by Vladimir Putin, at that time president of Russia - Leontiev handed him a microphone. Star duo snatched the applause, as the leaders of CIS countries, as well as fellow artists. [3]
- ^ Russell, George (1981-10-12). "Soviet Union: Tired? Nyet!". TIME. Retrieved 2013-11-10.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "п÷я┐я┌п╦п╫ я│п©п╣п╩ п╢я┐я█я┌п╬п╪ я│ п▓п╟п╩п╣я─п╦п╣п╪ п⌡п╣п╬п╫я┌я▄п╣п╡я▀п╪ | п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦ я┬п╬я┐ п╠п╦п╥п╫п╣я│п╟ п╦ п╪я┐п╥я▀п╨п╦ я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐ NEWSmuz.com я█п╨я│" (in (Russian)). Newsmusic.ru. 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2013-11-10.
External links[edit]
- Official website
- Valery Leontiev at the Internet Movie Database
- Fan club Unnamed Planet
- Fan club Deltaplan
- Fan club Augustine
- Fan club Tuner
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Valery Leontiev. |
- 1949 births
- Living people
- People from Usinsk
- People's Artists of Russia
- Russian pop singers
- Russian male singers
- Soviet male singers
- Soviet pop singers
- Soviet actors
- Komi people
- Recipients of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 4th class
- Recipients of the Through Art – to Peace and Understanding Award
- World Music Awards winners
- Lenin Komsomol Prize winners
- Recipients of the title of Merited Artist of Ukraine
- People's Artists of the RSFSR
- Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)


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My husband and a neighbor are both retired, they have started gardening together with these results. Garden is shared with friends and extended families. Pantry is filled with the harvest to help make social security income meet the families needs.
Gardening in 2010
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One of my e-mail addresses updated to the new message center when I logged in from work. Now, when I try to use e-mail from home, I can't compose or reply to e-mails - it hangs up saying "loading compose". I have Windows XP and IE-7. I tried the on-line live help - he cleared my temp folders and cookies, said it might be browser related, said would update the browser, and lost me when the computer re-booted. Never tried to contact me back (even after asking for my contact tel. number - arg.) So can I change back to the old e-mail format? I don't want to upset the delicate software balance on this computer.
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Applebee's Park Game Cancelled
Asbury's baseball game against Georgetown College at Applebee's Park scheduled for today (April 7th) has been cancelled due to bad weather. There is no make-up date scheduled at this time. If you purchased a ticket at lunch you can return it today (April 7th) in the cafeteria between 11-12:30 or you can return it to TJ Budd in the Luce Center by Thursday April 9th.


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Predicting the viscosity of alkanes using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics: Evaluation of intermolecular potential models Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) viscosity simulations of branched and linear alkanes at liquid densities were performed using both united-atom (UA) and all-atom (AA) intermolecular potential models in order to study the relative efficacy of the models in predicting fluid viscosity. Both models were used in conjunction with fixed bond lengths and bond angles, but different torsional potentials were investigated. The commonly used Ryckaert—Bellemans intermolecular potential model, which accurately predicts viscosities for short straight-chain alkanes, produced values for branched and long-chain alkanes that were significantly below experimental values. Likewise, a more complex UA model that uses transferrable site potentials and is commonly used to simulate thermodynamic properties also under predicted viscosities for branched and long-chain molecules. The UA models were also found to be density dependent, substantially under predicting viscosity at high liquid densities for all model fluids tested. Predicted viscosities using AA intermolecular potential models were generally substantially too large compared to experiment when using model parameters from the literature, even though thermodynamic properties were adequately predicted. However, evidence suggests that accurately modeling the hydrogen interactions and the rotation potential of methyl groups is essential for accurate viscosity simulations. Therefore, a new set of parameters for the hydrogen interactions was regressed using viscosity simulations of 2-methylpropane and n-pentane. Like the UA model, the AA model with the new parameters is still somewhat density dependent, but gives reasonably accurate predictions of viscosity for most fluids. Predicting the viscosity of alkanes using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics: Evaluation of intermolecular potential models William Allen and Richard L. Rowley Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 Received 28 January 1997; accepted 17 March 1997! Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics NEMD! viscosity simulations of branched and linear alkanes at liquid densities were performed using both united-atom UA! and all-atom AA! intermolecular potential models in order to study the relative efficacy of the models in predicting fluid viscosity. Both models were used in conjunction with fixed bond lengths and bond angles, but different torsional potentials were investigated. The commonly used Ryckaert Bellemans intermolecular potential model, which accurately predicts viscosities for short straight-chain alkanes, produced values for branched and long-chain alkanes that were significantly below experimental values. Likewise, a more complex UA model that uses transferrable site potentials and is commonly used to simulate thermodynamic properties also under predicted viscosities for branched and long-chain molecules. The UA models were also found to be density dependent, substantially under predicting viscosity at high liquid densities for all model fluids tested. Predicted viscosities using AA intermolecular potential models were generally substantially too large compared to experiment when using model parameters from the literature, even though thermodynamic properties were adequately predicted. However, evidence suggests that accurately modeling the hydrogen interactions and the rotation potential of methyl groups is essential for accurate viscosity simulations. Therefore, a new set of parameters for the hydrogen interactions was regressed using viscosity simulations of 2-methylpropane and n-pentane. Like the UA model, the AA model with the new parameters is still somewhat density dependent, but gives reasonably accurate predictions of viscosity for most fluids. 1997 American Institute of Physics. @S0021-9606 97!50224-8# I. INTRODUCTION Liquid viscosity is an important design variable in many industrial applications, yet it is often difficult to predict accurately, especially for a fluid composed of branched molecules.1 NEMD simulation provides a method for the calculation of viscosity, theoretically at any condition, from molecular interactions and rigorous physics. The accuracy of the predictions can therefore be viewed as a direct probe of the accuracy of the model used for the interactions. The majority of NEMD simulations of alkanes to date have used simplified molecular models to study the rheological properties of alkanes at high shear rate.2 8 These simulations have in general used Lennard-Jones LJ!, site site, united-atom UA! models, where each carbon atom with the hydrogen atoms bonded to it are modeled as a single interacting site. The most common model has been a homogeneous site model due to Ryckaert and Bellemans9 RB!, in which all sites are equivalent regardless of the degree of branching. Other simulations have focused on comparing NEMD viscosities extrapolated to zero shear rate to viscosities obtained from equilibrium molecular dynamics EMD! and the Green Kubo relation.6,10,11 Agreement between the EMD and NEMD methods has provided verification of both methods independent of any inaccuracies in the molecular model. Only a few NEMD simulations have been performed with the intent of comparing the simulated viscosity to the experimental viscosity. Simulations with the RB model have been used to predict quite accurately the viscosity of n-butane, isobutane, n-hexane, and cyclohexane over a very wide range of liquid densities.1,12 However, in order to bring the isobutane simulations into agreement with experiment, adjustment of one model parameter was required. This suggests that the homogeneous UA UA-RB! approach may be inadequate because different model parameters were required for branched and linear groups.13 Even with angle bending and bond stretching included in the UA-RB model, simulations on n-hexadecane produced viscosities significantly lower than the experimental value, even though the equilibrium hydrostatic pressure was accurately predicted.14 This suggests that the UA-RB model is too simple for accurate viscosity predictions for long straight-chain alkanes as well as branched molecules. Heterogeneous UA models that use different LJ interaction parameters for the methyl and methylene groups have also been used in NEMD simulations of viscosity. Cui et al. used such a heterogeneous model for n-decane and found good agreement with experimental data at low liquid densities,10 but later simulations at higher densities produced viscosities that were significantly lower than the experimental values.7 Simulated viscosities for n-hexadecane and n-tetracosane were again substantially below the experimental viscosity even though the experimental and simulated n-decane values were in reasonably good agreement. The simulations outlined above seem to indicate that both the homogeneous and heterogeneous UA intermolecular potential models are inadequate for accurately simulating the viscosity of long-chain and branched alkanes, particularly at J. Chem. Phys. 106 (24), 22 June 1997 0021-9606/97/106(24)/10273/9/$10.00 1997 American Institute of Physics 10273 higher densities. In the all-atom AA! intermolecular potential model,15 more realistic asymmetry is provided to the overall intermolecular interactions by placing LJ interaction sites at each atomic center rather than at each carbon. The interaction parameters for this model were regressed from equilibrium properties,14 but we know of no systematic study of the use of this model to obtain viscosities from simulations. The objectives of this work were to systematically study the efficacy of different intermolecular potential models in obtaining accurate viscosity information from NEMD simulations, to investigate the cause of any model inadequacies, and to improve on the models where possible. II. SIMULATION DETAILS A. Model fluids Fluids selected for simulation were chosen to represent a variety of branched and linear alkanes. Models representing n-butane, n-octane, and n-dodecane were simulated in order to study model performance for various chain lengths; models for 2-methylpropane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,2- dimethylpropane were studied to determine model effectiveness for branched alkanes. Simulations were also performed using a model representing cyclopentane to see the structural dependence of site site parameters between straight-chain and ring molecules. Simulations were run at two to three conditions for each fluid in order to determine how the molecular models performed at different densities and temperatures. B. Potential models Pairwise-additive, site site, LJ interactions were used to model the intermolecular potentials. LJ interaction sites were located at carbon centers for the UA models and at all atomic centers for the AA models. Distances between bonded sites were fixed and constrained to be constant at their equilibrium values as computed by the molecular mechanics program Hyperchem, using the MM1 algorithm. Distances between next-nearest neighbors were also fixed and constrained to be constant to fix all bond angles at their equilibrium values. Three different intermolecular potential models were used. The homogeneous UA-RB10 model was selected because the majority of NEMD viscosity simulations have used this model. A heterogeneous UA model13 UA-OPLS! was also selected that utilizes transferable intermolecular potentials for alkanes, commonly called optimized potentials of liquid simulations OPLS!. The heterogeneous model used different LJ parameters for carbons with different degrees of branching. The AA model was also an OPLS model with parameters determined by Kaminski et al.15 Table I lists the parameters used for the three models. In the table, the number in parentheses next to the UA-OPLS CH3 groups represents the number of carbon atoms bonded to the adjacent carbon atom, which is an indication of the degree of branching on that carbon atom. Cross interaction parameters were calculated using the geometric mean of the individual site parameters. The OPLS parameters shown in Table I were chosen because the UA and AA parameters were regressed in essentially the same way and at the same conditions. Simulations of the density and heat of vaporization for various fluids have been shown to be essentially equivalent when using the AA-OPLS or UA-OPLS model parameters.15 A recent comparison showed that UA-OPLS parameters gave excellent predictions of bulk thermodynamic properties for the simple alkanes modeled.16 Although the original AAOPLS parameters included small point charges on the hydrogen atoms, simulations using this model indicate that the point charges do not contribute noticeably to the calculation of bulk properties,15,16 and they were not included in the AA-OPLS model used in this study. Intramolecular interactions were modeled using a torsional potential, utors , assigned to each dihedral angle, f, in addition to LJ intramolecular interactions between sites separated by four or more carbon bonds. The RB intramolecular potential model utors f !/k5(i50 5 ai cosi f !, 1! was used for dihedral angles involving carbon atoms on a linear portion of a carbon backbone.17 For rotations about other dihedral angles branched carbon backbones and methyl groups!, the torsional potential was obtained by fitting the constants of Eq. 1! to potential energies obtained from the molecular mechanics program Hyperchem, using the MM1 algorithm. Table II shows the values used for the constants in Eq. 1! for the various types of dihedral angles. Numbers in parentheses in this table indicate the number of carbon atoms bonded to the specified carbon. We also ran simulations in which branched methyl groups could freely rotate @AA-OPLS free!#, and in which branched methyl groups were fixed rigid in their lowest energy state @AAOPLS rigid!#, to serve as limits on the expected effects of dihedral angles involving hydrogens upon the resultant viscosity predictions. The former limit corresponds to no energy barrier for rotation about the central bond of the sites defining the dihedral angle; the latter corresponds to an infinite energy barrier. TABLE I. Intermolecular site site LJ parameters used in the simulations. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of carbon atoms bonded to the adjacent carbon atom. Model Site s/ (e /k)/K UA-RB Ref. 9! All 3.923 72 UA-OPLS Ref. 11! CH3(4) 3.96 72.97 CH3(3) 3.91 80.52 CH3(2) 3.905 88.07 CH2 3.905 59.38 CH 3.85 40.26 C 3.80 25.16 AA-OPLS Ref. 13! C 3.5 33.21 H 2.5 15.10 10274 W. Allen and R. L. Rowley: The viscosity of alkanes J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 106, No. 24, 22 June 1997 C. Simulation algorithms The NEMD NVT simulation algorithm used was that developed by Evans and co-workers.18,19 It consists of the SLLOD equations of motion in combination with Lees Edwards sliding-brick boundary conditions to generate Couette flow. Temperature was held constant using a Gaussian thermostat. Bond lengths and angles were fixed using Gaussian mechanics to maintain a constant distance between bonded sites and next-nearest neighbors. All UA simulations used 216 molecules; 125 molecules were used for the more CPU intensive AA simulations. In all simulations, each pair interaction was cut off at a separation distance of 2.8si j . A multiple time step algorithm20 was used with a primary cutoff distance of 1.8si j , based upon the center of mass of the molecules. This time-saving technique has been used previously and is adequately described elsewhere.1,12 Later simulations used a primary list cutoff of 1.4si j , based upon the closest two sites of interacting molecules. Generally seven steps were performed between full force calculations on the secondary neighbors. Simulations were performed at four to six different shear rates and extrapolated to zero shear using21 23 h5h 02Ag1/2, 2! where h is viscosity, h 0 is viscosity at zero shear, g is shear rate, and A is an adjustable parameter. The lowest shear rates were about 2 3 1010 s21 and the highest were about 14 3 1010 s21. The range of shear rates corresponded to an optimum found in previous studies for performing the extrapolation.1,12 Simulated viscosities at lower shear rates are too noisy and Eq. 2! is known to break down at higher shear rates, either due to pressure effects on the NVT simulation5,6,8 or a change in rheology.1 There is considerable debate about the best method for extrapolating NEMD viscosities to obtain h 0 . While Eq. 2! is the generally accepted method, recent studies5,7 suggest that there may be a flat, Newtonian region at very low shear rates when ln h! is plotted versus ln g!. However, extremely long simulation times must be used to reduce the uncertainty of the very low-shear viscosities adequately to the point at which such a low-shear plateau can be identified. Moreover, it appears likely that the shear range of any such plateau is a function of the fluid model and the density. We have found that differences arising in h 0 whether h 0 is obtained from a linear regression on using Eq. 2! or from an average of the values in the flat region on a log log plot! due to the extrapolation method are small relative to the kinds of errors produced by the model itself, and therefore the extrapolation method is not a significant issue for this study on the efficacy of the various intermolecular potential models. For most of the UA simulations, reduced time steps of 0.0015 were used, corresponding to real time steps of about 2.6 2.9 fs. A reduced time step of 0.001 was used for UA simulations of n-dodecane at high temperatures. Reduced time steps of between 0.0005 and 0.001 were used for the AA simulations, corresponding to real times of between 1.15 and 2.3 fs. Property calculations for most UA simulations were performed over a total of about 700 1200 ps at each shear rate. AA simulations were run for less time because of increased computational demands. Approximate running times for AA simulations were about 140 ps for n-octane, 170 450 ps for isobutane, and 800 ps for n-butane. Property calculations were divided into five or six equal increments so that block averages and standard deviations could be calculated. Before calculating properties, the simulations were equilibrated at zero shear for 40 to 200 ps. The model fluid was then allowed to come to steady state at the shear rate in question for approximately one-sixth of the time over which properties were calculated. III. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS The results obtained from the NEMD simulations using the various models are shown in Table III along with a comparison of simulated and experimental values.24 27 Figure 1 summarizes some of these results by model type. In this figure, simulated viscosities for a given fluid and condition are plotted against the values obtained from the UA-OPLS model. Deviations from the 45 line show differences in the models. For example, the UA-RB and UA-OPLS models are seen to be virtually identical, indicating that distinguishing TABLE II. Constants used in conjunction with Eq. 1! for various torsional potentials. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of carbon atoms bonded to the specified carbon atom. Dihedral angle a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 H C 1! C 2! C 2! 792.4 2364 27.30 23139 8.34 217.32 H C 1! C 3! C 1! 877.5 2613 22.21 23487 21.70 20.01 H C 1! C 4! C 1! 955.3 2961 8.39 23931 211.18 222.30 H C 1! C 4! C 2!a 1054 3140 217.62 24226 12.79 44.70 H C 1! C 2! C 4! 816.6 2430 271.93 23318 65.31 77.45 H C 1! C 4! C 2!b 959.8 2601 2639.5 23852 511.6 419.0 H C 1! C 3! C 2! 815.9 2648 625.3 22890 2500.2 2698.6 C 1! C 4! C 2! C 1! 1169 3508 0.03 24678 20.02 0.02 C 1! C 4! C 2! C 3! 836.0 2511 2.64 23354 22.46 6.75 C 1! C 3! C 2! C 4! 1366 2906 21010 23072 621.9 2111.2 aFor use with 2,2-dimethylbutane. bFor use with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. W. Allen and R. L. Rowley: The viscosity of alkanes 10275 J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 106, No. 24, 22 June 1997 between carbon atoms with different parameters for different degrees of branching will not significantly improve viscosity predictions. It is interesting that viscosities predicted using the AA model are significantly higher than those using the UA models, especially at higher h values generally corresponding to higher densities!. Moreover, the difference between the rigid and freely rotating methyl-group predictions indicates that the torsional potential for branched molecules can significantly affect simulated viscosities. Again, this difference becomes substantial for the large viscosities and densities. Figure 1 clearly shows that NEMD predictions are much more sensitive to the type of site site model used than to moderate changes in model parameters. The usefulness of a molecular simulation approach in predicting as opposed to correlating! viscosities from site site interactions depends upon 1! its ability to use parameters regressed from one property to predict other properties accurately property independence!, 2! its ability to predict a property accurately over a wide range of conditions density independence!, and 3! its ability to use site parameters obtained from one molecule to predict properties for different molecules containing the same sites structural independence!. In what follows, we evaluate the efficacy of the different molecular models from our results in terms of these three criteria. A. Property independence In order to study the relative property independence of the intermolecular site site potentials and their parameters, NEMD viscosity simulations were performed for the same fluids and at the same conditions used by Jorgensen et al.13 to regress the OPLS parameters. This eliminates the influence of density and structure, and focuses the comparison of the results on the property dependence of the models. The results of these simulations are presented in Table IV. Even though the viscosity simulations were performed at the same conditions used to regress the parameters for each fluid, the results show about a 25% error for the branched fluids using UA-OPLS and about the same magnitude of error for n-butane when using the AA-OPLS model the rigid and TABLE III. Results of viscosity simulations using various intermolecular potential models. Fluid T/K r/mole L21 h exp /mPa UA-RB UA-OPLS AA-OPLS rigid! AA-OPLS Eq. 1! AA-OPLS free! h sim /mP % error h sim /mP % error h sim /mP % error h sim /mP % error h sim /mP % error n-butane 300 9.86 1.578 1.49 25.4 2.26 43.1 2.00 26.8 n-butane 200 11.65 5.191 5.21 0.3 9.19 77.0 7.21 38.9 n-butane 150 12.42 14 13.3 25.0 23.6 68.2 17.0 21.3 n-octane 423 5.102 1.683 1.43 215.0 1.50 210.7 2.45 45.6 n-octane 298 6.116 5.128 4.59 210.5 4.61 210.2 9.96 94.2 n-octane 253 6.431 9.88 7.33 225.8 19.7 99.3 n-dodecane 523 3.206 1.59 1.41 211.3 1.11 230.5 n-dodecane 298 4.375 13.7 10.0 227.3 8.10 240.9 cyclopentane 293 10.77 4.38 4.70 7.37 cyclopentane 273 10.91 5.55 5.31 2 4.38 cyclopentane 248 11.31 7.85 6.73 214.3 2-methylpropane 300 9.44 1.471 1.21 217.5 1.11 224.5 2.11 43.3 2.32 57.7 1.05 228.5 2-methylpropane 200 11.53 6.436 3.99 238.0 3.86 240.0 10.0 55.8 7.79 21.1 5.14 220.2 2-methylpropane 150 12.25 19.811 7.85 260.4 8.35 257.8 21.5 8.4 20.3 2.6 10.7 246.3 2,2-dimethylpropane 298 8.12 2.301 1.62 229.4 2,2-dimethylpropane 273 8.51 3.276 2.14 234.8 2,2-dimethylpropane 260 8.70 4.148 2.54 238.7 2,2-dimethylbutane 295 7.64 3.661 2.50 231.8 3.39 2 7.4 2,2-dimethylbutane 270 7.95 4.931 3.52 228.6 4.43 210.1 aSources of experimental data: Ref. 24 for n-butane and 2-methylpropane; Ref. 25 for n-octane, n-dodecane, cyclopentane, and 2,2-dimethylpropane; Ref. 27 for 2,2-dimethylbutane. FIG. 1. Sensitivity of viscosity to intermolecular potential model. Deviations of simulated viscosity using UA-RB h!, AA-OPLS rigid! d!, AAOPLS @Eq. 1!# l!, and AA-OPLS free! m! models from the UA-OPLS model 45 line!. 10276 W. Allen and R. L. Rowley: The viscosity of alkanes J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 106, No. 24, 22 June 1997 freely rotating models are expected to bracket the value for the actual torsional potential!. Reasonable agreement is obtained when using the UA-OPLS model for n-butane and cyclopentane, but the implication of these results is that modest errors result from the property dependence in the AA model and in the UA model for branched molecules. B. Density independence To examine the density dependence of the intermolecular potential models, it is desirable to make comparisons at equivalent reduced densities. The packing fraction, z, which represents the volume fraction occupied by the molecules themselves, is commonly used for this purpose.28 The volume of the molecules was calculated assuming that the volume of each interacting site was given by the volume of a sphere with a diameter of sUA-OPLS , minus the volume of overlap with adjoining sites. Figure 2 shows the results of the density dependence study for the UA and AA models. The densities at which the literature parameters for these models were regressed correspond to a narrow range of z, generally 0.47,z,0.54. Figure 2 shows that the UA simulation predictions are in reasonable agreement with experiment for the straight-chain molecules, especially at low density. However, at higher values of z, the simulations tend to increasingly underestimate the experimental viscosity for all model molecules. This is especially true for the small branched molecules isobutane, 2,2-dimethyl-propane, and 2,2-dimethylbutane! and for the longest straight-chain molecule dodecane!. More importantly, the predictions in Fig. 2 exhibit a large downward slope with increasing z, indicating that some feature of the actual interactions important to viscosity predictions is not adequately modeled by the UA intermolecular potential model at higher densities. Figure 2 also shows that the AA model over predicts the experimental viscosity, with the exception of isobutane freely rotating methyl groups. The positive bias of the curves is further evidence of the property dependence discussed above in conjunction with Table IV. This over prediction is especially true for molecules with many fixed hydrogen atoms, such as is the case for the n-octane model. Even though the end methyl groups were allowed to rotate freely, the many fixed hydrogens along the carbon backbone of n-octane is the most likely cause of the excessively high simulated values. The distinct grouping of UA and AA predictions in Fig. 2 demonstrates that the addition of hydrogen sites produces a large change in the simulated viscosity, even though both models predict thermodynamic properties quite well. Because of its large property dependence, at least some of the AA model parameters need to be obtained from viscosity data to make the model useful for viscosity predictions. We have therefore regressed a new value for sH hydrogen LJ s! for use with viscosity simulations. Simulations of n-pentane and 2-methylbutane were performed at temperatures of 193.15 and 200 K, respectively, to regress sH . Relatively low temperatures high densities! were chosen. n-Pentane and 2-methylbutane were chosen so as to include both a branched and linear alkane in the regression. The results of six simulations at different shear rates were extrapolated to zero shear rate and compared with experimental values. Based upon this comparison, the values of the LJ parameters were adjusted for the next iteration. The optimum value obtained for sH was sH 5 2.38 . No suitable value of sH was obtained that would bring the simulated viscosities of both model molecules into agreement with experiment. Increasing sH increases the simulated viscosity, while de- TABLE IV. Property dependence of the intermolecular potential models. Fluid Model T/K r/mole L21 h exp /mPa h sim /mP % error n-butane UA-OPLS 300 9.86 1.578 1.49 2 5.4 n-butane AA-OPLS rigid! 300 9.86 1.578 2.26 43.1 n-butane AA-OPLS free! 300 9.86 1.578 2.00 26.8 cyclopentane UA-OPLS 293 10.77 4.380 4.70 7.4 2-methylpropane UA-OPLS 300 9.44 1.471 1.11 224.5 2,2-dimethylpropane UA-OPLS 298 8.12 2.301 1.62 229.4 aSee Table III for sources of experimental data. FIG. 2. Percentage deviations of simulated viscosities from experimental values. Shown are UA-OPLS models solid lines! for n-butane h!, 2-methylpropane !, 2,2-dimethylpropane n!, cyclopentane, ,!, 2,2- dimethylbutane L!, and n-octane s!; and AA-OPLS models dashed lines! for n-butane rigid: j; free: 1!, 2-methylpropane @rigid: *; Eq. 1!: 1; free: 3 #, and n-octane d!. W. Allen and R. L. Rowley: The viscosity of alkanes 10277 J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 106, No. 24, 22 June 1997 creasing sH decreases the viscosity, and the split about the experimental values observed in Fig. 3 could not be significantly decreased. However, with the optimum new value of sH , the prediction for 2-methylpropane is only about 15% too low, and the predicted viscosity for n-pentane only about 15% too high. Adjustment of e H , sC , and e C was also attempted, but no combination of parameters was found that would reduce the split between predicted and experimental viscosities for these two fluids. Relaxation of the rigid bond length and angle constraints may help reduce this split. It is evident from Fig. 2 that the UA parameters are less property dependent than the AA parameters. Therefore, to make a better comparison of the density dependence, we redid several of the AA simulations using the new sH parameter. Results from the AA-OPLS new! model are shown in Fig. 4, on the same scale as Fig. 2 for comparison purposes. Compared to the AA-OPLS results of Fig. 2, the AAOPLS new! results are not only in much better agreement with experiment, but they are also less density dependent. Table V makes a direct comparison between predictions with the AA-OPLS new! and UA-OPLS models. The average absolute deviation AAD! of the viscosities shown in Table V is 13.2% for the AA-OPLS new! model compared to 21.3% for the UA-OPLS model. The improvement is most noticeable for branched molecules and fluids at high density. The improved results with the AA-OPLS new! model are an indication that the inclusion of the hydrogen sites in the AA model has a large influence on the predicted viscosity. This is further observed in Figs. 5 7, which show extrapolations of the h g! data to zero shear for simulations of isobutane at three different conditions using five different models. In these figures, it is observed that 1! the UA models increasingly under predict the viscosity at successively higher densities, 2! the AA-OPLS free! and AA-OPLS rigid! models in each case bracket the experimental viscosity, with AA-OPLS free! being more accurate at lower densities and AA-OPLS rigid! being more accurate at higher densities, 3! the intramolecular potential free or rigid! effect upon the viscosity increases with density, and 4! the AA-OPLS @Eq. 1!# model results lie between the AA-OPLS rigid! and AA-OPLS free! results. C. Structural independence It is difficult to isolate the structural dependence from the property and density dependence of the models. The effect of chain length in normal alkanes was studied by simulating the viscosities of n-butane, n-octane, and n-dodecane at nearly the same packing fraction, z. The UA-OPLS model was used so all three molecules contain the same two sites, 2CH2 and 2CH3, but with differing numbers of methylene groups. The percent deviations of the simulated viscosity from the experimental value were 25.4%, 210.7%, and 230.5%, in order of increasing chain length. This indicates that the 2CH2 and 2CH3 interaction parameters derived from n-butane data do not transfer very well to molecules of longer chain length. This conclusion can also be drawn from previous simulations.7,14 IV. ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATIONS A brief summary of the observations made in this study are: 1! The property dependence of the UA models is a problem for branched molecules, but not so much for linear and planar alkanes. 2! The UA-RB and the UA-OPLS models produce quite similar viscosity predictions. FIG. 3. Optimum value of sH was obtained using simulated values of h (g ) for 2-methylpropane h! at 200 K, r 5 11.356 mol/L and n-pentane s! at 193 K, and r 5 9.928 mol/L to extrapolate to zero shear and compare with the experimental values j, d!. FIG. 4. Percentage deviations of viscosities simulated from experimental values. The AA-OPLS new! model was used for n-butane j!, 2-methylpropane 1!, n-octane d!, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane l!. 10278 W. Allen and R. L. Rowley: The viscosity of alkanes J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 106, No. 24, 22 June 1997 3! Despite equivalent results for thermodynamic properties, UA-OPLS and AA-OPLS models produce quite different results for simulated viscosities. The AA-OPLS model appears to have a stronger property dependence in that predicted viscosities using literature parameters regressed from equilibrium data were nearly always significantly high. 4! With the exception of n-butane, UA simulations increasingly under predict the viscosity at higher densities, indicating a strong density dependence. 5! A new sH parameter regressed from viscosity data greatly improved the accuracy of the AA model and reduced its density dependence. 6! The torsional potential relating to the rotation of methyl groups on side chains significantly affects the viscosity. At lower densities a freely rotating methyl group models the viscous drag adequately, while fixed methyl groups do better at higher densities. The RB potential was found to represent the torsional potentials adequately along the carbon backbone, and refitting the potential to more accurately model the configurational energies calculated in the computational chemistry package, Hyperchem, produced no change in our results. Items 3, 5, and 6 imply that accurately modeling hydrogen interactions between molecules affects viscosity simulations more significantly than thermodynamic property calculations. The same effect has been observed previously in the TABLE V. Comparison of accuracy of simulations using the UA-OPLS and AA-OPLS new! intermolecular potential models. Fluid T/K r/mole L h exp /mPa UA-OPLS AA-OPLS new! h sim /mP % error h sim /mP % error n-butane 300 9.86 1.578 1.493 25.3 1.78 12.5 n-butane 200 11.65 5.191 5.21 0.3 5.56 7.1 n-butane 150 12.42 14.00 13.3 25.0 12.8 28.7 n-octane 423 5.102 1.683 1.50 210.7 1.74 3.3 n-octane 298 6.116 5.128 4.61 210.2 6.15 19.9 n-octane 253 6.431 9.88 7.33 225.8 11.2 13.9 n-dodecane 298 4.375 13.70 8.10 240.9 12.2 210.6 2-methylpropane 300 9.44 1.471 1.11 224.5 1.30 211.8 2-methylpropane 200 11.53 6.436 3.86 240.0 4.89 224.1 2-methylpropane 150 12.25 19.811 8.35 257.8 11.2 243.7 2,2-dimethylbutane 295 7.64 3.661 3.39 27.4 3.99 9.0 2,2-dimethylbutane 270 7.95 4.931 4.43 210.1 5.46 10.8 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 348 5.64 2.818 2.08 226.2 2.78 21.3 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 298 6.02 4.718 3.28 230.5 4.56 23.4 aSources for experimental data: Ref. 26 for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane; see Table III for sources for other compounds. FIG. 5. Extrapolation of simulated 2-methylpropane viscosities to zero shear at 300 K and r 5 9.44 mol/L. Simulated values using the UA-RB n!, UAOPLS s!, AA-OPLS rigid, l!, AA-OPLS @Eq. 1!, d#, and OPLS free, j! models are compared to the experimental value h!. FIG. 6. Extrapolation of simulated 2-methylpropane viscosities to zero shear at 200 K and r 5 11.53 mol/L. Symbols are the same as in Fig. 5. W. Allen and R. L. Rowley: The viscosity of alkanes 10279 J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 106, No. 24, 22 June 1997 study of diffusion coefficients. The Stokes Einstein equation predicts that viscosity should be roughly inversely proportional to the diffusion coefficient.29 Self-diffusion coefficients simulated using AA models of n-tridecane were found to be six to eight times smaller than those obtained using UA models.30 The authors concluded that ...the different treatment of hydrogens using the @UA# and the @AA# force fields, as represented by the specific force field parameters, has a surprisingly large effect on the dynamic properties as measured by the rate of self diffusion. 30 A similar conclusion was reached by Toxvaerd using an UA model that was made anisotropic to represent the extension of the hydrogen atoms.31 This anisotropic model also predicted self-diffusion coefficients significantly lower than the UA model.4 It is therefore expected that the inclusion of hydrogen atoms in the model will increase the predicted viscosity over that obtained from UA models. The observations noted above can be explained in terms of the following hypothesis. Interactions between protruding hydrogen atoms with molecules in different velocity layers cause additional drag on the molecules as they shear past each other, particularly as the density is increased. The UA model, being isotropic about carbon centers, is incapable of modeling this momentum transfer mechanism because it lacks the geometric information concerning the hydrogen atoms. Ability of the methyl group to rotate affects the anisotropy of the protruding hydrogens that cause this additional drag. Energy used to rotate hydrogens out of neighboring shear planes significantly raises the effective viscosity of the fluid. This becomes particularly acute at high densities when this rotation needs to happen to let closely packed molecules shear past each other. Simulations are more accurate for linear and planar molecules than for branched molecules at similar densities, because branched molecules cannot easily align in the shear planes, and therefore the anisotropic potential of the protruding branched atoms would strongly interact at high densities with neighboring molecules in other shear planes. Thermodynamic properties are not as strongly affected by these anisotropic effects, and therefore modeling of the hydrogen atoms is less important. Because the hydrogen atoms have such a strong effect at high densities, lowering sH slightly in the AA-OPLS new! model produced much better overall results and corrected the very high predictions that the AA-OPLS model made. V. CONCLUSIONS We have performed a large number of NEMD NVT simulations on various hydrocarbons using UA-RB, UAOPLS, and AA-OPLS models to study the efficacy of these models in simulating viscosities of real fluids. In particular, we have examined the property, density, and structural dependence of these intermolecular potential models in predicting viscosity. We have also examined the effect that internal torsional potentials have on the predicted viscosity. We found that the UA potentials were nearly equivalent in the ability to predict viscosity. These models are quite structurally dependent and produce poor viscosity results for branched alkanes and molecules with long chains. They are also very density dependent and under predict viscosities of dense liquids. It is hypothesized that these effects are primarily due to a lack of model detail to represent the hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen atom intermolecular potentials have a strong effect on viscosity not observed in the simulation of thermodynamic properties. This accounts for the excessively high viscosity predictions made with the original AA-OPLS model. We regressed a smaller value for sH to be used in conjunction with the AA-OPLS model. With this value of sH , the AA-OPLS model is capable of reasonably accurate viscosity predictions, and values within about 10 20% of the experimental can reasonably be expected. Moreover, the AA-OPLS new! model is less density dependent than either the UA or AA-OPLS models. Nevertheless, the AA models are still density dependent, indicating that there are important viscous drag mechanisms yet missing from the model. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Acknowledgment is made to the donors of The Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the ACS, for partial support of this research. 1 R. L. Rowley and J. F. Ely, Molec. Phys. 72, 831 1991!. 2 R. Edberg, G. P. Morris, and D. J. Evans, J. Chem. Phys. 84, 6933 1986!. 3 R. Edberg, G. P. Morriss, and D. J. Evans, Chem. Phys. 86, 4555 1987!. 4 P. Padilla and S. Toxvaerd, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 5650 1991!. 5 P. J. Daivis, D. J. Evans, and G. P. Morriss, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 616 1992!. 6 P. J. Daivis and D. J. Evans, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 541 1994!. 7 S. T. Cui, S. A. Gupta, P. T. Cummings, and H. D. Cochran, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 1214 1996!. 8 G. P. Morriss, P. J. Daivis, and D. J. Evans, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 7420 1991!. 9 J. P. Ryckaert and A. Bellemans, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 66, 96 1978!. 10 S. T. Cui, P. T. Cummings, and H. D. Cochran, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 255 1996!. 11 P. J. Daivis and D. J. Evans, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 4261 1995!. FIG. 7. Extrapolation of simulated 2-methylpropane viscosities to zero shear at 150 K and r 5 12.25 mol/L. Symbols are the same as in Fig. 5. 10280 W. Allen and R. L. Rowley: The viscosity of alkanes J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 106, No. 24, 22 June 1997 12 R. L. Rowley and J. F. Ely, Molec. Phys. 75, 713 1991!. 13W. L. Jorgensen, J. D., Madura, and C. J. Swenson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 6638 1984!. 14 S. Chynoweth and Y. Michopoulos, Molec. Phys. 81, 133 1994!. 15 G. Kaminski, E. M. Duffy, T. Matsui, and W. L. Jorgensen, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 13,077 1994!. 16 J. Nagy, D. F. Weaver, and V. D. Smith, Jr., J. Phys. Chem. 99, 8058 1995!. 17 J. P. Ryckaert and A. Bellemans, Chem. Phys. Lett. 30, 123 1975!. 18 D. J. Evans and G. P. Morriss, Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Liquids Academic, New York, 1990!. 19 G. P. Morriss and D. J. Evans, Comp. Phys. Commun. 62, 267 1991!. 20W. B. Street, D. J. Tildesley, and G. Saville, Molec. Phys. 35, 639 1978!. 21 K. Kawasaki and J. D. Gunton, Phys. Rev. A 8, 2048 1973!. 22 D. J. Evans, H. J. Hanley, and S. Hess, Phys. Today 37, 26 1984!. 23 P. T. Cummings and D. J. Evans, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 31, 1237 1992!. 24 D. E. Diller and L. J. Van Poolen, Int. J. Thermophys. 6, 43 1985!. 25TRC Thermodynamic Tables: Hydrocarbons, Supplement No. 112, edited by M. Frenkel, N. M. Gadalla, K. N. Marsh, and R. C. Wilhoit Texas A&M University, College Station, 1996!. 26 J. H. Dymond, N. F. Glen, and J. D. Isdale, Int. J. Thermophys. 6, 233 1985!. 27 D. S. Viswanath and G. Natarajan, Databook on the Viscosity of Liquids Hemisphere, New York, 1989!. 28 L. L. Lee, Molecular Thermodynamics of Nonideal Fluids Butterworths, Boston, 1988!. 29 R. C. Reid, J. M. Prausnitz, and B. E. Poling, Properties of Gases and Liquids, 4th edition McGraw-Hill, New York, 1987!. 30 D. Y. Yoon, G. D. Smith, and T. Matsuda, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 10,037 1993!. 31 S. Toxvaerd, J. Chem. Phys. 93, 4290 1990!. W. Allen and R. L. Rowley: The viscosity of alkanes 10281 J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 106, No. 24, 22 June 1997
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The CognitiveTPG CRx - Part# CID4-1330-RX printer generates prescription labels fast and saves money on energy and supplies. The simple media path prevents label jams and ensures long-lasting performance. Because the CRx - Part# CID4-1330-RX is a thermal printer, no messy or expensive toner is required and it utilizes far less energy than a laser printer, a ratio of 10:1 energy consumption.
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Demi Lovato
• Demi Lovato Shaves The Side Of Her Head
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• Selena Gomez wins Humanitarian Award
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Demetria Devonne "Demi" Lovato was born on August 20, 1992 in Dallas, TX. One of three sisters, which included Dallas - also an actress and singer and five years her senior - and Madison, who was ten years younger. Lovato's mom was a professional cheerleader for the Dallas Cowboys and had a brief career as a country recording artist. Lovato attende... Continue Bio >>
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Demi Lovato EAST RUTHERFORD!!! Make sure you've got my free app, cause the #NEONLIGHTSTOUR is coming to you TONIIIGGHHTTTT!!!!! http://smarturl.it/dlapp
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Network World - After a long, quiet period of Microsoft dominance, the PC browser market has been broken wide-open again in recent years, with Firefox and Chrome challenging Internet Explorer, and Opera sniffing at the margins.
Earlier this year, in fact, Chrome overtook Internet Explorer in one major measurement of browser market share, in what was hailed as a watershed moment for the new browser wars.
Read Network World's other tech arguments.
However, for a number of reasons, it's difficult to say who's on top in this four-way scrap. For one thing, different methods of measuring market share often provide very different numbers - while data from NetMarketshare.com shows IE in front with 54% of the market for October 2012, StatCounter gives a slight edge to Chrome, about 35% to 32%. W3Schools' information paints another picture again, showing a big lead for Chrome (44%) over about 32% for Firefox and just 16% for IE.
The difference is understandable - all of the sites measure different data. W3Schools simply measures its own traffic, and, as a web development education site, it is likely to be visited by people with more of an interest in non-IE browsers. (The site has an Alexa ranking of 220, however, giving it a large sample size.) StatCounter tracks visitors to a network of 3 million associated sites, while NetMarketShare counts unique visitors to a smaller network of 40,000 sites. It's easy to see why the numbers can look so different.
But it certainly makes it tricky to say unequivocally that one browser is the one to beat, and that's part of the reason why the browser question is the subject of such a big argument in the tech world (and this doesn't even include mobile browsers, a relatively small market for now).
Either the most-used or second-most-used browser in the world, depending on whom you ask, Chrome has rocketed to prominence since its introduction in 2008. A browser made by the Internet's most powerful company could hardly fail to gain some traction, but the speed with which it has achieved seeming parity with Internet Explorer surprised many - not least those behind Mozilla Firefox, which had labored mightily to reach a respectable second place behind IE.
Chrome's focus on performance and simplicity has paid off well - through its many versions, which are deployed quickly and silently through an automatic update process, the emphasis has been on a smooth, streamlined experience.
Criticism of the browser generally centers on privacy issues. Soon after it was launched, there was an outcry over the Suggest feature, which transmitted keystrokes back to Google HQ. Google's business model, which depends on the use of personal data for accurate ad targeting, hasn't won it many favors among privacy advocates.


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Twenty-three year-old has 38 points (16G, 22A) in 39 games with St. John's
St. John's looks to extend winning ways vs. division-rival Portland
Recaps, stats and other info from the past week of IceCaps hockey in The Ricoh Rock Report
Pepsi Next is helping to give away five (5) game-worn St. Patrick's Day jerseys on March 14th!
St. John's wins 3-2 in overtime to sweep Bridgeport
Riley scores game-winner as St. John's downs Bridgeport 3-2
Saturdays just got better.
Defenceman Will O'Neill talks to Brian Rogers as the IceCaps prepare to face the Portland Pirates.
Highlights of the the IceCaps' 3-2 OT win over the Bridgeport Sound Tigers
Highlights of the the IceCaps' 3-2 win over the Bridgeport Sound Tigers
Former Sound Tiger Blair Riley talks to Brian Rogers as he prepares to face his former team.
The Head Coach on the trade deadline from a coach's point of view, plus a look ahead to this weekend's...
Brian Rogers asks Jordan Hill about some of his personal favourites.
The next game will be held at Mile One Centre at 7:30 pm NDT


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Open AccessThis article is
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- re-usable
Nanomaterials 2013, 3(1), 86-106; doi:10.3390/nano3010086
Investigation of Sub-100 nm Gold Nanoparticles for Laser-Induced Thermotherapy of Cancer
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
ETH Zurich, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 10 December 2012; in revised form: 21 January 2013 / Accepted: 25 January 2013 / Published: 31 January 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends of Nanomaterials in Life Sciences)
Download PDF Full-Text [1348 KB, uploaded 31 January 2013 08:12 CET]
Abstract: Specialized gold nanostructures are of interest for the development of alternative treatment methods in medicine. Photothermal therapy combined with gene therapy that supports hyperthermia is proposed as a novel multimodal treatment method for prostate cancer. In this work, photothermal therapy using small (<100 nm) gold nanoparticles and near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation combined with gene therapy targeting heat shock protein (HSP) 27 was investigated. A series of nanoparticles: nanoshells, nanorods, core-corona nanoparticles and hollow nanoshells, were synthesized and examined to compare their properties and suitability as photothermal agents. In vitro cellular uptake studies of the nanoparticles into prostate cancer cell lines were performed using light scattering microscopy to provide three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Small gold nanoshells (40 nm) displayed the greatest cellular uptake of the nanoparticles studied and were used in photothermal studies. Photothermal treatment of the cancer cell lines with laser irradiation at 800 nm at 4 W on a spot size of 4 mm (FWHM) for 6 or 10 min resulted in an increase in temperature of ~12 °C and decrease in cell viability of up to 70%. However, in vitro studies combining photothermal therapy with gene therapy targeting HSP27 did not result in additional sensitization of the prostate cancer cells to hyperthermia.
Keywords: gold nanorods; gold core-corona nanoparticles; hollow gold nanoshells; light scattering microscopy; prostate cancer; gene therapy
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MDPI and ACS Style
Leung, J.P.; Wu, S.; Chou, K.C.; Signorell, R. Investigation of Sub-100 nm Gold Nanoparticles for Laser-Induced Thermotherapy of Cancer. Nanomaterials 2013, 3, 86-106.
AMA StyleLeung JP, Wu S, Chou KC, Signorell R. Investigation of Sub-100 nm Gold Nanoparticles for Laser-Induced Thermotherapy of Cancer. Nanomaterials. 2013; 3(1):86-106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeung, Jennifer P.; Wu, Sherry; Chou, Keng C.; Signorell, Ruth. 2013. "Investigation of Sub-100 nm Gold Nanoparticles for Laser-Induced Thermotherapy of Cancer." Nanomaterials 3, no. 1: 86-106.
Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Hyland's PMS -- 100 Tablets
Always keep it in the house
I find this is PERFECT for those days when things just seem overly annoying. Even though I'm 58, it works beautifully on keeping an even keel.
I always order two so I don't run out.
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Good Natural Product
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March 10, 2008
Best find!!
This is a must have for that time of the month. I couldn't get by without it. Its amazing. I have always had severe cramps, moodiness, etc... not anymore. I love this product.
May 24, 2007


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(2003) Comedy, Adventure, Fantasy
Christina Applegate , Allan Arkush, Andrea Martin , Martin Short , Sean Maguire, Bernadette Peters
Engaging the services of streetwise Kate, a hansom cab driver, John and Rodney go in search of Margo. Mistaken for a Shakepearean actor, John is asked to star opposite his salvation, Margo. Meanwhile, Rodney finds his own princess in Margo's spunky wardrobe mistress, Serena. But as the full moon approaches, John discovers that it's Kate who has won his heart. Even with the curse looming, he decides to follow it and accept whatever the fates have in store.
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Technique - Crochet
Fall in love with this easy-to-stitch crochet wrap!Made using just 4 skeins of Marble Chunky, this cozy crocheted wrap is so easy to crochet that you will want to make it in several colors. One size fits most. Finished crochet pattern is about 32" x 54" without fringe. A PDF download of this pattern is available.
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St. Jude Medical Center has proudly served Southern California for over five decades, offering compassionate care of the highest quality. Our staff is composed of over 700 physicians who represent nearly every medical specialty – from cancer care to senior services. At our center, we aren't content with average and always strive to set the new standard in quality.
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Nope. You said just a few posts ago that they expected more from Cap and Thor, but nobody expected much from First Class, that it was an experiment.
Now you're saying Fox wanted it to be a big box office champ, and it wasn't successful because it didn't live up to expectations.
Can't have it both ways.
In fact, the truth is, First Class surpassed studio expectations, which only further qualifies it as a success.


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150 inch 4 year old
173\" whitetail from Alberta
Me and my Whoops buck
My 2005 Whitetail
Egores 182\" Gross buck
My guides and my Muley
Me and my Muley from 2005
Pretty good week at camp I\'d say
08 Alberta buck mount
08 Alberta whitetail mount
09 Alberta
Ron's buck 09
176 Alberta buck
2009 and 176
2012 BBC Signage
Soaking Up The New Day
Now That's a Sunrise


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Adam Truitt (pictured with his dad Alan) leaves for Nepal this week knowing he's leaving Delta Middle School in the hands of a great staff.Delta Middle School principal Adam Truitt has reached great heights in his personal and professional life, but is setting his sights even higher with a three-week trek to the south base camp of Mt. Everest, altitude 17,598 feet.
Truitt is making the trip with his dad, Alan Truitt, and nine others who have Parkinson's disease.
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People in the News
The 2013 Alumni Art Show at Western State Colorado University features the work of G. Roger "Hutch" Hutchison, the art teacher at Delta High School. Through Oct. 16, Hutch's paintings, sculptures and ceramic pieces will be exhibited at the Quigley Art Gallery.
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Grace Bowman was born in Durham city in 1977; from the local comprehensive school she went to study at Queens' College, Cambridge, and now lives in St Albans. Thin is her first book. It was published in hardback as A Shape of My Own. Visit Grace Bowman's website at www.gracebowman.net.
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How the "Strip-Mall Effect" Could Destroy the Web
Will the next generation of social networks ruin the Web we love?
Drive through many towns on the East Coast, and you'll see the same fossils of urban development: an old, blighted town center and a few miles away, a modern retail strip with ample parking, brightly-lit chain shops and, inevitably, a Starbucks [SBUX [2]]. Take a look at new plans announced by Facebook on Monday, and its hard to escape the deja vu. Call it the Strip Mall Effect, and it's coming to the Internet.
The American retail model used to work something like this: you need something, so you choose a destination. Butcher, tailor, chandler, apothecary and so on, all probably within walking distance of each other.
In the new, suburban retail model, the destination chooses you; there are enough shops condensed in a given strip mall that you're more likely to use it as a one-stop destination, especially when one big store like Target [TGT [3]] anchors the group. Major roadways have been tailored to service these malls, so they're isolated and inescapable. The specialty vendors downtown, mom-and-pops, curiosity shops – whatever you call them – don't stand a chance. Of course, we know why this happened: we developed a new tool, the automobile. It gave way to big retail spots, which in turn, redefined our landscape and behavior.
It's easy to forget that the almighty Internet is still in its incipience; the Web of 2008 is somewhat akin to the roadways of 1930. Right now, the Web is a way for us to get to our online destinations. Today's breakthrough tool, the social network, is poised to turn that relationship on its ear, just as the automobile did decades ago.
The world's largest social network, Facebook, has announced [4] a new initiative it calls Facebook Connect. It's a single-ID sign on service that will allow Facebook users to use their Facebook ID and password to access partner sites like Hulu [GE [5],NWS [6]], CBS [CBS [7]], Digg, and the San Fransisco Chronicle. When you view a TV show on Hulu, or read something on the Chronicle, it can show up in your Facebook News Feed, alerting your friends as to what you're watching and reading. Then they can click on it, too.
We've seen single-sign-on initiatives before, like Google's [GOOG [8]] OpenID, but Facebook Connect is different. It doesn't just allow other sites to accept Facebook login, but also creates a feedback loop between Facebook and the partner sites. A truly "open" ID allows smaller sites to gain more accessibility by hitching up with a big site, much the way small shops can boost business by accepting Visa [V [9]] or MasterCard [MA [10]]. But by pumping News Feed full of links – "Bobby just watched this episode of "Family Guy" and rated it 5 stars, click here to watch!" – Facebook is essentially creating a "closed" ID, a bubble of partner sites of which Facebook is the central hub. Does that sound like any retail model you know?
The Internet, of course, doesn't suffer the complexities of physical distance; it's just as easy to type in the Facebook URL as it is to type in the URL for a backwater hotspot like 4Chan [11]. But the Strip-Mall Effect will eviscerate smaller sites in a different way: by dominating advertising.
Right now, a lot of small sites make their bread off advertising, even with small click-through rates. As of today, Facebook and MySpace are terrible environments for advertisers, with some of the most abysmal click-through rates [12] among major online properties. But initiatives like Facebook Connect promise to give advertisers the most complete user profiles imaginable: not only their location, school, and vague interests, but eventually the shows they watch, the stories they Digg, the news they read, and so on. That's the difference between knowing someone is a softball player at USC, and knowing that they're a liberal-leaning Steelers fan who's seen every episode of House. That's not "targeted" advertising. That's super-targeting.
Super-targeted ads are bound to be effective, and because Facebook and MySpace together can serve up ads to hundreds of millions of users – many in that elusive 18-34 demographic – their ad services could come to play a dictatorial role in the world of online advertising. That could drive down the profitability of advertising for smaller sites who can't offer the same response to ads, or the same detailed data about their users. If those sites don't have the development resources to learn the Facebook API and become a part of environments like Facebook Connect, then they're screwed.
Of course, this is the natural way of things: commercialization, industrialization, incorporation. But it means that the next generation of Internet users will grow up with a different understanding of the Web. To them, it won't be the odd, wild, vital place it is today, but instead a smaller pool of big sites that reinforce each other's traffic and wield heavy influence in purchases and tastes. The next generation will be able to access most of what they need – news, entertainment, shopping, comedy – through the hub of their social network, or even hubs that pool all their social networks, like the new startup Power.com [13]. That leaves them removed by several degrees from the go-anywhere Web of today. They'll have little reason to mosey up to the address bar and type in anything else.
There go the curiosity shops. We'll miss them.