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About LCPA
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Home > About LCPA > Development > Noise Education Program > Noise Glossary and Acronyms
Noise Glossary and Acronyms
dB - The decibel (dB) is the unit used to measure the magnitude or intensity of sound. It uses a mathematical scale to cover the large range of sound pressures that can be heard by the human ear. A 10-dB increase will be perceived by most people to be a doubling of loudness. For example, 80 dB typically seems twice as loud as 70 dB.
dBA – The A-weighted Decibel (dBA) is the most common unit used for measuring environmental sound levels. It adjusts, or weights, the frequency components of sound to conform with the normal response of the human ear at conversational levels. dBA is an international metric that is used for assessing environmental noise exposure of all noise sources.
DNL - In simple terms, Ldn or Day Night Average Sound Level is the average noise level over a 24 hour period except that noise occurring at night (between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.) are artificially increased by 10 dB. This weighting reflects the added intrusiveness of night noise events attributable to the fact that community background noise typically decreases by 10 dB at night. Under Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 150, the FAA has established Ldn/DNL as the cumulative noise exposure metric for use in airport noise analyses.
FAR Part 150 Study - A program funded by the FAA under Federal Aviation Regulation Part 150; Airport Noise Compatibility Planning and by Local Government entities allowing airport operators to voluntarily develop and submit noise exposure maps and noise compatibility programs to the FAA.
IFR – Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) govern flight procedures during limited visibility or other operational constraints. Under IFR, pilots fly under the guidance of radar.
ILS – An Instrument Landing System (ILS) is a precise landing aid consisting of several components giving pilot vertical and horizontal electronic guidance. Elements usually include:
- An outer marker, a radio beam 4 to 6 miles from the touchdown point where the electronic signal begins;
- An approach lighting system at the runway end;
- A localizer radio beam which provides the horizontal guide; and
- A glide slope which provides vertical guidance on the angle of descent for landing.
Land Use Compatibility - Land uses identified in FAR Part 150 as normally compatible with the outdoor noise environment adjacent to an airport within a specific noise contour level (or an adequately attenuated noise level reduction for any indoor activities involved).
Noise Abatement – A procedure or technique used by aircraft at an airport to minimize the impact of noise on the communities surrounding an airport.
Noise Contour - A continuous line on a map that represents equal levels of noise exposure. Noise lessens from the innermost area within a contour line outward. The composite noise contours combine projected flight corridors and projected noise exposure including use of a planned second parallel runway.
The least severe exposure occurs outside the 55 DNL contour, the level at which the Federal Aviation Administration describes noise exposure as minimal. The FAA considers residential development and other noise-sensitive land uses as acceptable in these areas and recommends no special noise-control measures.
Noise exposure is regarded as moderate between the 55 DNL and 65 DNL contours, and the FAA recommends that land-use controls be considered. Noise exposure is regarded as significant above the 65 DNL noise contour line, and the FAA recommends that land-use controls be implemented. The Port Authority has being proactive, has worked with the local government to develop airport-compatible zoning measures for areas located within the 60 DNL noise contour.
Noise Event – A Noise Event is the measured sound produced by a single source of noise over a particular period of time. An aircraft noise event begins when the sound level of an over-flight exceeds a noise threshold and ends when the level drops down below that threshold.
Noise Level – For airborne sound, unless specified to the contrary, it is the A-weighted sound level.
Noise Study – Investigation of existing noise conditions, flight patterns and land use surrounding an airport.
Preferential Runway Use – Taking off or landing on specified runways during certain hours to avoid residential and other noise-sensitive areas.
Stage 2 and Stage 3 Aircraft - Commercial jet engines currently meet either Stage 2 or Stage 3 noise standards. Stage 2 engines are older and noisier than Stage 3 engines. Stage 3 aircraft incorporate the latest technology for suppressing jet-engine noise and, in general, are 10 dB quieter than Stage 2 aircraft. This represents a halving of perceived noise; however, actual noise reduction varies by aircraft. All aircraft greater than 75,000 lbs had to meet Stage 3 noise standards as of January 1, 2000.
VFR – Visual Flight Rules (VFR) are air traffic rules allowing pilots to land by sight without relying solely on instruments. VFR conditions require good weather and visibility.


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Reformation Baptist Church
Po Box 808
Eustis, FL 32727
Phone: 352-255-2116
Church affiliation: Independent Reformed Baptist
Church confession: 2nd London Baptist Confession (1689)
Contact: David W. Bailey, Pastor
Web page: http://www.rbcgrace.org
Reformation Baptist Church is committed to biblical theology and ministry as summarized in the Doctrines of Grace. |
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
FSA SL-K Light Compact EVO 386 $550.00
Innovation in the cycling industry is something of a double-edged sword. On one hand, it spurs the development of new and exciting technologies that genuinely improve the sport we so dearly love. On the other, it runs the risk of creating a dizzying array of unnecessary standards that accomplish little more than confusion and derision before petering out. Luckily, the latter does not apply to FSA's new EVO 386 bottom bracket platform--a genuine improvement over BB30 that offers frame manufacturers the means to further innovate on frame designs that potentially improve overall ride quality and frame performance. The FSA SL-K Light EVO 386 Compact Crankset connects you to this new bottom bracket standard, while delivering prime stiffness and drivetrain power transfer--both hallmarks of the SL-K Light series, in a gear ratio capable of manhandling the most fearsome KOM challenges you may encounter.
Among the benefits of BB386 is the larger diameter, and its stiffer spindle. At 30mm, it's the same diameter as a BB30 spindle. The big difference between them is that the BB386 spindle is longer to allow its use in a bottom bracket shell width of 86mm. In allowing for greater shell widths, frame manufacturers have more leeway in creating stiffer and more durable drivetrain platforms. With this crank spindle, FSA uses a low speed extrusion to form the 7075 alloy spindle before they machine it to its final shape. It is co-molded into the 5-arm spider on the drive side arm. The composite spider is hollow to save precious extra grams, as are the crankarms. FSA molds a transverse rib into each hollow crankarm. It's an exacting process, but worth it since it increases the torsional rigidity -- you'll appreciate the rock-solid feel when you stomp on the pedals.
The FSA SL-K Light EVO 386 crankset differs from its K-Force Light only in that of aesthetics, and bearing fitment. The K-Force Light is fitted with FSA's silky smooth ceramic bearings, while this SL-K Light comes with standard steel cartridge bearings--certainly no slouch in their own right, however. In terms of weight, roughly 30 grams separate the two cranksets, and the slightly heavier SL-K Light has more subtle FSA branding on the arms. The unidirectional carbon on the SL-K crank gives it a silky appearance, in contrast to the woven outer layer on the K-Force Light unit.
Both cranksets use the same mold shape. So technically, the performance attributes of the hollow carbon fiber crankarms of both the SL-K and K-Force models are most likely identical. If there's a difference in stiffness, it's measurable in the lab, not out on the road. The other major aesthetic difference is in the 5-hole chainrings. The SL-K features Storm Grey anodized 7075 aluminum where the K-Force Light uses black. Other than the color, they are identical. Though more difficult to produce , T-30 Torx internal wrenching alloy fasteners are used for the chainrings bolts to ensure strip-free, proper torquing of the hardware. A tight fit and snug fasteners means less power-robbing flex and decreased chance for strange creaking noises to develop.
Three crank arm lengths are available -- 170, 172.5, and 175mm in a compact 34/50 gearing. Please note that while the bottom bracket is not included, we do have them available for purchase separately.
What community has to say
What do you think of the
FSA SL-K Light Compact EVO 386
? Share a...
I have a Stevens Team Carbon with a threaded...
Member since
I have a Stevens Team Carbon with a threaded BB currently using a Shimano cx-70 crank. With the proper cups e.g., FSA Megaevo, will the FSA SL-L light compact EVO386 work with my frame? Thank You. Don
Adam D
Member since
This BB386 crank will only fit 386 frames so no on the Stevens or anything with a threaded BB
Will these FSA cranks work with my Scott...
Member since
Will these FSA cranks work with my Scott Foil? I believe it has a BB86.
Brett Cole
Member since
Sorry, the 386 crank will only work with BB386 specific bottom bracket shells. You will need to run a standard Shimano or Sram GXP crankset with your set up.
I have two questions: 1. Will the FSA...
David Shaw
Member since
I have two questions: 1. Will the FSA SL-K Light Compact crankset work with the FSA 52 front and 36 inner chain rings? I want to make a mid-compact. 2. I have Shimano Ultegra Di2 group, set up on a Wilier Cento 1 SR frameset. Will the FSA SL-K Light Compact EVO 386 work with the Di2 Derailleur shifting?
Member since
Wondering the exact same thing..CC?
I have actually an FSA/SL-K Light...
Jean Couturier
Member since
I have actually an FSA/SL-K Light 39/53 gearings (130 mm BCD). Is it possible to change only the outside and inside gearings to switch to a compact 34/50 gearings and keep my actual crankset that is working fine?


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Program Mission and Assessment
Studies provides a framework for supporting innovative,
boundary-crossing inquiry among students and faculty across campus. To
this end Interdisciplinary Studies coordinates the efforts of existing
multidisciplinary programs and provides guidance and support as new
programs are envisioned and established. Currently, IDST provides 9 interdisciplinary stand-alone minors.
2010 NWAC Self Study Document
Appendix D: Program Assessment Plans 2010-2012


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Asbury Invitational Finshes, Eagles Only Split
Wilmore, Ky. - Asbury couldn't overcome a tough Bryan squad in match two, only earning another split on Saturday as they wrapped up play in their own Volleyball Invitational. Asbury defeated St. Catharine's earlier in the morning in three games before falling to Bryan in four.
Asbury (14-9) continued their stretch of solid hitting with 35 kills in the match against St. Catharine's and 50 against Bryan. Brittney Rader only had six kills in the first match but had a season team-high 19 against Bryan. Lindsay Ibold continued her hot play with 19 kills on the day and only two errors. Julia Armstrong put up big numbers with 28 and 45 assists.
Hannah Wheeler led the team with 22 digs against Bryan, but no Eagles recorded a block in the match. Bryan's height in the middle proved to be too much for the Eagles. Asbury dropped set one 25-22 before rallying for a thrilling 26-24 loss. Bryan would win a tremendous set three 29-27, which took the wind out of the sail for Asbury as they dropped set four 25-11. Asbury defeated St. Catharine's in three 25-16, 25-14, 25-11.
Asbury has only one more match at home the rest of the season, when they host Mountain State on October 30th at 7:00 pm. Asbury will also host the KIAC Tournament on November 13-14. Asbury's next match will be on Tuesday October 13th at Brescia at 7:00 pm.


text:
- Join Date
- Nov 2002
- Posts
- 2
12-17-2012, 06:02 AMAny advice on airport transfers to Zoetry Agua Punta Cana?
HI, All! We bought a luxury link package that does not include transfers. LL referred us to the hotel which will arrange roundtrip transfers for about $500, not including tip. It's about an hours drive. Does anyone have experience? Are there alternatives? Are taxis reliable at the airport? Should we just do what the hotel recommends? It seems excessive. Thanks in advance.
My brother used DAT when he was in Punta Cana and was very happy with their services. Looks like the above itinerary with them would be $150 (Hyundai Minivan) -$284 (Escalade) roundtrip for all passengers.
https://dominicanairporttransfers.com/default.aspxAin't nothing gonna break my stride...
Daniel's referral is probably as good as you'll find. You can try tripadvisor.com Punta Cana forums. Type in transfers and sort by date. I drove to all of pour all-inclusives. I got a tshirt that said "no fear" Hardly...I just woulsn't let my passengers see me sweat!
"wherever you go, there you are"
- Join Date
- Nov 2002
- Posts
- 2
12-18-2012, 04:13 PMThank you very very much! Done! Reserved with DAT and it is very reasonable compared to what the hotel was quoting us. Thank you for your insight. Safe travels to all!
12-19-2012, 10:51 AMAin't nothing gonna break my stride...


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What follows is the current way this works in Rakudo. Parts of it may one day become spec, other bits likely never will. All of it is liable to change as we work out what should be spec and what shouldn't be, and also co-ordinate with other implementations and interested parties to make sure those bits that we determine should be specification are spec'd in a way that matches our shared desires and needs, so far as that's possible. It goes without saying that in doing the things described in this document, you're walking barefoot through a construction site. For now, tread carefully, and be prepared to patch up in response to changes.
Meta-objects are simply objects that describe parts of the object model. The metamodel lays down the interface that these objects should provide. In Rakudo we have several types of meta-object, all of which have an associated API (sometimes known as a Meta-object Protocol, just to make sure the whole topic appears to be sufficiently scary to outsiders, or something). This document defines the API for:
The composition model warrants a little explanation, since it is broken into a couple of parts. We'll stick with classes and roles for now, but we define the interface in the expectation that one day we might want to have things that are composed into a class following some composition algorithm that may be given a different name. Thus we talk in terms of "composables".
There are two important things. First, the actual composer - implementing the composition algorithm - is not a part of the thing we're composing or the thing we're composing into (that is, it is independent of the class and the role). Second, it is up to the thing being composed (e.g. the role in the case of composing a role into a class) to supply the composer.
This is the API for packages. When we compile something like:
class Town is Place { method bar() { say "mmm beer" } }
Then it results in a set of calls like:
my $temp = ClassHOW.new('Town'); &trait_mod:<is>($temp, Place); $temp.^add_method('bar', anon method bar() { say "mmm beer" }); ::Town := $temp.^compose();
Most of these are calls on the meta-class to methods that give meaning to the keywords the user wrote in their code. The following methods are supported as a minimum.
Creates something that knows how to provide its metaclass, e.g. through the same mechanism as .HOW
obtains it. It need not be the final type-object that may be installed in a namespace or lexpad - that is for compose to return. However, there's nothing to stop it being.
Whether a new instance of the meta-class is created or not is totally up to the implementation of the new
method. For the standard Perl 6 class
keyword in Rakudo, we create an instance of the meta-class and a temporary object that only knows how to reference the meta-class instance. However, if you were doing a more prototype-OO implementation, then you could instead have the meta-class be a singleton and return a new object, and the object itself knows completely about its methods, attributes and so forth, rather than this knowledge belonging to the meta-class.
Adds a method to the methods table of $meta
under the given $name
and with the given implementation.
Adds an attribute of the given $name
to $meta
Adds the given parent to $meta
Takes something that we are able to compose (for example, a role) and adds it to the composition list. Certainly, none of the built-in implementations of add_composable immediately perform any composition at this point. Instead, they add the composable to a "to do" list, and at the point we call "compose" to finish the composition of the package, and the application of all the composables takes place. You probably want to do something similar.
For non-composables (that is, packages that cannot be composed into others), this is an error. Otherwise, it returns something that we can use to apply the current package to the target. The thing returned should implement the composer API. It may be convenient to implement this is a set of multi subs.
Finalizes the creation of the package. It can do any other composition-time operations, such as role composition and calling the composition hook on all attributes added to the package. Returns the type object that we're going to actually install into the namespace or lexical pad, or just return if it's an anonymous declaration.
This is the declarational part of the API, however the introspection part should also be implemented. Please see the Introspection section of S12 for details on this.
This is the API that objects representing attributes should expose. The attribute meta-object is responsible for generating any accessor and/or delegation methods associated with the attribute.
Creates a new attribute meta-object, initialized with the name, whether or not the attribute has an accessor, whether or not that accessor 'is rw' and - if there was a handles trait modifier on the attribute - the handles trait modifier.
Takes the attribute and does any final composition tasks (such as installing any accessor methods and/or delegators). The parameter is the meta-object of the package that the attribute belongs to; you can call .add_method on it to add methods, for example.
The composer is responsible for composing something composable (in standard Perl 6, that's a role) into some other object (perhaps a class or another role or an instance). The minimal interface need only support one method, but it may well be that a composee and a composer choose to share knowledge of more than this (for example, a "requires" or "conflicts" list).
Applies all of the composees to the target, or throws an exception if there is a problem with doing so. It's totally up to the composer exactly what it does; the default composer for Perl 6 roles will construct a single intermediate role and then compose that into the target, for example. Since the model is intended for more general composition-y things rather than just roles as are commonly defined today, we choose to give the composer a view of all of the composees.
Warning: Conjectural.
One rather complex issue we run into is what happens if you want to inherit from something that has a different metaclass. For now, we require that if some class S isa T, then also S.HOW isa T.HOW. This means that all other types of class-ish things that want to have a custom metaclass should subclass ClassHOW (either directly or transitively). Thus, this is fine:
class A { } thingy B is A { } otherthingy C is B { }
If the following is true:
OtherThingyHOW.isa(ThingyHOW) and ThingyHOW.isa(ClassHOW)
Warning: Conjectural.
TODO: Provide a solution to the problems described here.
Given it's the things we compose that determine what composer to use, we may easily run into a situation where different things want a different composer. At some level that's OK - if we want to support a more general notion of "things that do something composition-ish" then it is probably too restrictive to just always make this an error in the long run. For now, however, we do just that; when we have a good solution, we can relax the restriction.
We do have the nicety that once we hit runtime, since composition is flattening by nature, we don't have any relationship at runtime with something that was composed in (besides keeping it in our list of "things that we composed"). Thus the problem of the behaviors of two different appliers is only a composition-time issue and not a runtime one.
Rakudo provides two levels of hookage for creating new types of package declarator. You will very likely only need this one, which is the HOW map, %*HOW. This is simply a hash that maps the name of a scope declarator to the name of the HOW to create. At the entry point to your derived grammar, you should temporize the current HOW hash from the calling language, and add mappings from names of package declarators that you will introduce to the HOW to use. By default, this hash contains things like:
{ class => 'ClassHOW', role => 'RoleHOW' }
It's completely fine for multiple package declarators to map to the same HOW - you may just wish to introduce a new one as better documentation but not need to do anything more special in terms of the meta-model. Note that your rule for parsing the scope declarator sets the name of the thing in this map in the $*PKGDECL global. For example, here is one from STD.
token package_declarator:role { :my $*PKGDECL ::= 'role'; <sym> <package_def> }
You should do the same (and it's probably nice if what you set matches the name of the symbol you parse).
Note that this currently does not work in Rakudo, and will probably change a bit. It's purpose is mostly a thought experiment to try and help sanify the design of the metamodel.
slang AOP { method TOP { temp %*HOW; %*HOW<aspect> := AspectHOW; my $lang = self.cursor_fresh( AOP ); $lang.comp_unit; } token package_declarator:sym<aspect> { :my $*PKGDECL := 'aspect'; <sym> <package_def> } } class AspectComposer { method apply($target, @aspects) { my @wrappables = $target.methods(:local); for @aspects -> $aspect { for $aspect.method_wrappers.kv -> $name, $wrapper { my ($wrappee) = @wrappables.grep({ .name eq $name }); if $wrappee { $wrappee.wrap($wrapper); } else { die "No sub found to wrap named '$name'"; } } } } } class Aspect { has $.HOW; has $.Str; method WHAT() { self } method defined() { False } } class AspectHOW { has %.method_wrappers; method new($name) { return Aspect.new( HOW => self.bless(*), Str => $name ~ "()" ); } method add_method($obj, $name, $method) { $.method_wrappers{$name} = $method; } multi method composer_for($obj, $ where { .can('methods') }) { return AspectComposer; } multi method composer_for($obj, Object) { die "Can only apply aspects to things that expose methods"; } method compose($obj) { return $obj; } method add_attribute($meta, $attr) { die "Aspects do not support attributes"; } method add_parent($meta, $parent) { die "Aspects do not support inheritance"; } method add_composable($meta, $composable) { die "Aspects do not support being composed into"; } }
This could then we used as something like:
use AOP; aspect LogToStderrToo { method log($message) { $*ERR.say($message); nextsame; } } class ErrorLog does LogToStderrToo { method log($message) { my $fh = open("log", :a); $fh.say($message); $fh.close; } }
Note that a usable implementation would want a bit more than this, and have many other design considerations.
Note: This is highly Rakudo-specific and very likely to remain that way. The good news is that you won't need to do it often.
Rakudo has a compile-time representation of the package currently being compiled. This is the thing that ends up actually generating the code - PAST nodes - that make the calls on the metaclass. By default, we always create an instance of Perl6::Compiler::Package, apart from for roles and modules, for which we need to do some slightly different code generation - those use a subclass of it, such as Perl6::Compiler::Role. You may modify %*PKGCOMPILER, again keying on $*PKGDECL, to specify something other than the default. You should then write a subclass of an existing handler for this and implement the same interface (plus any other bits you'll need - it's just a class).


text:
SyncFx – Microsoft Sync Framework Toolkit announcement
The Sync Framework Toolkit extends the Sync Framework capabilities for building offline applications, making it easier to expose data for synchronization to applications running on any client platform. Sync Framework 2.1 required clients to be based on Windows. This toolkit allows other Microsoft platforms to be used for offline clients such as Silverlight, Windows Phone 7, and Windows Mobile; in addition non-Microsoft platforms such as iPhone, Android, and Blackberry can be utilized as well as HTML.
The Sync Framework Toolkit provides all the features enabled by the Sync Framework 4.0 October 2010 CTP. We are releasing the toolkit as source code samples on MSDN with the source code utilizing Sync Framework 2.1. Source code provides the flexibility to customize or extend the capabilities we have provided to suit your specific requirements. The client-side source code in the package is released under the Apache 2.0 license and the server-side source code under the MS-LPL license.
The toolkit is available for download on MSDN at: http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/Sync-Framework-Toolkit-4dc10f0e.
We will keep the forum used for Sync Framework V4 CTP available for community discussion and community support.
Sync Framework Team -
At PDC 2010 we announced and released Sync Framework V4 CTP. The main capability available in the CTP was greatly enhanced support for offline clients. In particular, we added the ability to easily create web services to synchronize data from SQL Server or SQL Azure databases with offline clients built on any platform - Silverlight, Windows Phone 7, iPhone or any client platform with any local client store. The final release of V4 was planned for 2011 and we were targeting the first half of this year for general availability.
This post is to inform you that we have updated our plans and postponed the V4 release for the time being. We do expect to release Sync Framework V4 in the future and will let you know the new release date when available, but it is unlikely the release will be available in 2011.
There has been a great deal of interest in our V4 release, with lots of participation in the CTP. In lieu of a formal release, we are planning to make the V4 CTP functionality available as source code samples on MSDN Code Gallery in the next few months – server code, client code and client samples. The source code samples will utilize and depend on Sync Framework V2.1 (on the server), as was the case for the CTP. UPDATE: We will make the code available by end August 2011.
This was a difficult decision for the team. We are currently focusing on the delivery of SQL Azure Data Sync which is a service providing data synchronization capabilities for SQL Azure that will be released later this year. SQL Azure Data Sync heavily utilizes Sync Framework internally.
Here are a few common questions we've received:
· Q: Will you stop supporting Sync Framework V2.1?
· A: No. Sync Framework V2.1 is a released product and will continue to be supported, both formally and via the MSDN forums.
· Q: Does this mean that the Sync Framework is being phased out?
· A: No. We expect to provide future versions of the synchronization developer platform. SQL Azure Data Sync is built on top of Sync Framework and we continue to invest in data synchronization capabilities. We believe that both end-user services and development platform are important to provide a complete stack for customers. With Sync Framework V2.1 being available we are currently focusing on the delivery of the end-user service.
· Q: When do you expect Sync Framework V4 will be released?
· A: A potential release date has not been set.
· Q: How do the offline capabilities of Sync Framework V4 relate to the recently announced "reference data caching" capabilities for OData?
· A: "Reference data caching" is being proposed as a future additional capability of the OData protocol. It specifically targets the one-way download scenario for reference data. We believe this is a common scenario and is sufficiently straightforward to integrate directly into the OData protocol. We are exploring how far to integrate sync capabilities into the OData protocol vs. potentially layering more sync capabilities on top of OData, which is the approach we took with the Sync Framework V4 CTP. We look forward to your feedback in this area as we explore together with the OData community.
Sync Framework team
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