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By Dave Dyer
---- — It's not easy being a boy swimmer at a school like Central Catholic.
With the Raiders among the best teams in New England in basketball and also boasting elite programs in hockey and wrestling, swimmers usually don't get much notice, much less respect.
But senior David Kitchen of North Andover is making a name for himself despite the second nature of his sport. He's among the best breaststrokers in the Merrimack Valley Conference and the best-ever at Central.
"He's definitely the best athlete we've had since I've been here ('99)," said Central coach Scott Young. "Swimming-wise, he's certainly the best we've had since we split with Andover. He's close to (two-time Eagle-Tribune MVP) Kevin Riley's record in the 100 breaststroke.
"He's a combo of a natural swimmer and a hard worker. He's good at it and works at it, which is why he's so good."
We caught up to the Eagle-Tribune All-Star to go Around the Horn and find out what it's like to be a swimmer at Central and why he got a relatively late start in the sport.
You didn't start swimming until the seventh grade — why the late start in a sport in which most people start much younger?
"I used to be a hockey player but I got tired of it and wanted to try something new. Swimming seemed like a good idea."
Are there any other swimmers in the family?
"My younger sister Laura swims at Central. She started (swimming) about the same time I did."
What's it like swimming at a school where basketball, hockey and other bigger sports are so successful and grab all the attention?
"I like flying under the radar. We're kind of like the underdogs. Whenever they announce something we do, people are shocked."
What do you like most about swimming?
"It's a great way to stay in shape, you meet some really great people and I like that when you put in the effort, you can get something out of it."
What's the toughest training you do?
"When the coach gives us New Year's Eve practice and we swim for three hours."
What are your goals for the year?
"To beat Andover and then beat them again at the MVC meet."
What's more enjoyable — swimming for your club team (ANA Hurricanes) or for your high school?
"The high school team is better. We're with each other every day and there's more of a team atmosphere."
What's the most misunderstood thing about swimming?
"People think we all wear Speedos."
What do you like to do when you're not swimming?
"I've become really interested in art and I'm spending a lot of time getting into architecture."
Any other sports?
"I play tennis — first doubles last year and probably third singles this year. I'm also a captain in tennis."
What's something that people don't know about you?
"That I'm a good athlete and a good artist. A lot of people see my work around the school and I think they're surprised."
Any other siblings besides Laura and are they into sports?
"I have an older sister, Bridget, who is a lacrosse goalie at Trinity College, and they just won the Division 3 title, and a younger brother, Patrick. He does track but he's more into acting."
What are your college plans?
"I hope to go to a fairly good school for swimming but the main thing is that I want to go to the best school I can for architecture."
"If you were principal, what changes would you make?
"I'd make the dress code more relaxed and I'd make it M day (school starts an hour later because of teacher meetings) every day."
Kitchen favorites:
TV Show: Gold Rush
Movie: Lord of the Rings
Book: Lord of the Rings
Food: Pizza
Car: Jeep
Class at school: Math
Teacher: Ms. (Nicole) Giraffo, my AP art teacher
Boston pro team: Bruins ... definitely not the Patriots — we're Buffalo Bills fans because of my father (from Rochester, N.Y.)
Vacation spot: British Virgin Islands


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Mar 20 - Teacher Recruitment Day
Register Now:Apr 17 - Pathways to Success
Shippensburg University
Ceddia Union Bldg. (CUB) 108 Shippensburg, PA 17257 Phone: 717-477-1484 Fax: 717-477-4066 email@example.com
Hours: M-F, 8am-4pm Call to schedule an appt. Walk-Ins: M,W 2-4pm Extended Hours: M, 4-6pm
Additional extended hours available by request.
As a SHIP alum, you are able to use the CDC and its resources up to one year after your graduation. After that time, career-related services are also available to you through the Alumni Office.
As an alum, you may attend job fairs at no charge, participate in on-campus recruitment and other career-related events, and access SHIP Connect (our online job service), for information on current opportunities.
Please contact the CDC 717-477-1484 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com with any further questions you may have!
We recommend that you schedule an appointment to individually discuss your career development with a professional staff member. Your appointment may address any aspects of your career development including career changing, networking, locating job opportunities, or applying to graduate school. Call 717-477-1484 to schedule an appointment.
If you have questions about your current resume/cover letter or an upcoming interview, consider visiting the office for Walk-In Hours. Prescheduled appointments are not necessary, just check out the online calendar for specific dates and times. If you are working or have other daytime obligations, Extended Walk In Hours are available - please check the online calendar for specific dates and times.
Topics may include, but are not limited to:
Please visit the online calendar or stop in the CDC for specific dates and times of workshops.

subset: commoncrawl


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My Sanford Chart allows you secure online access to your personal health information and your child's health information. It's available anywhere you have internet access. There is no cost to you and registering is quick and simple.
You can continue to breast-feed after you return to work. But it is important to think ahead about practical issues, such as where to store your pumped milk.
Some issues to consider include:
By | Healthwise Staff |
Primary Medical Reviewer | Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine |
Specialist Medical Reviewer | Mary Robbins, RNC, IBCLC - Lactation Consultant |
Last Revised | April 3, 2013 |
Next Section:
Related InformationPrevious Section:
Topic OverviewNext Section:
CreditsPrevious Section:
Related InformationLast Revised: April 3, 2013
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Mary Robbins, RNC, IBCLC - Lactation Consultant
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2013 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
Research shows that #music does all kinds of great things for kids. http://t.co/oq8zjJkkDC #SanfordChildrens 01:50 PM Feb 25 |


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Easily check to see if your wood is dry enough to start working on with this highly-accurate, dual-range Pin Type Bar Graph Moisture Meter! Checks moisture in wood, carpets, concrete, and drywall, and is ideal for locating leaks in roofs, floors or walls before you paint or hang wallpaper. The ultra-sensitive meter measures moisture in two ranges: 7% to 15% for wood and 16% to 35% in building materials. Easy-to-read bar graph with an accuracy of +/- 1%. Includes 9V battery and protective cover.
Technical Details:
- Ideal for determining optimum moisture content before gluing, painting, sanding, laying carpet, or hanging wallpaper
- Dual-range meter is ultra-sensitive and measures moisture in two ranges: 7% to 15% for wood and 16% to 35% in building materials
- Easy-to-read 10-LED graph display with an accuracy of +/- 1%
- Helps you locate leaks in roofs, floors or walls
- Protective cap doubles as calibration checker
- Full and low battery indications
- CE and RoHS approved
- Includes 9V battery and protective cover
Tech Spec
Brand | General Tools |
Manufacturer Part Number | MM1E |
Weight (lbs) | 0.4200 |
Type | Pin |


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Home automation comes in all shapes and sizes—thank goodness. After all, not everyone has the space (or budget) for tons of equipment, no matter how cool those components may be. HomeSeer is packing a lot of control options into a compact package, known as the HomeTroller Zee. The upcoming home automation controller will make its debut at next week's 2013 CEDIA Expo in Denver, CO.
The controller is a gateway for Z-Wave products, so you can control lighting, security or other devices around the home. Even better, it works in conjunction with iOS and Android smartphones, tablets and more.
Also, you don't have to worry about sacrificing home space. The HomeTroller Zee is small enough to fit in the palm of your hand. Inside that compact package, there's an energy-efficient 700MHz Linux platform, which has that Z-Wave support. Besides being able to control light switches, thermostats, door locks and sensors, the unit can send alerts, announcements and reminders via email, text message or by voice (text to speech). Homeowners can also use the HomeTroller Zee to monitor and control energy usage.
HomeSeer is planning to debut the HomeTroller Zee at next week's CEDIA Expo. When the product starts shipping on October 1, 2013, it will have an MSRP of $199.95. The apps, however, are free to download.
Also Check Out:
25 Lesser-known Home Automation Companies
Trends In Affordable Home Automation Systems
HomeSeer Announces HomeTroller-SE Controller
The 6-driver Paradigm soundbar includes Bluetooth with aptX streaming and several audio modes.
High-performance audio upgrades topped this homeowner's renovation and home automation to-do list.
Save money and make your home smarter? Here are the latest Z-Wave and Wi-Fi thermostats we're warming up to.


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Roller shades or mini blinds are a good choice in storage area windowsMar 31 2011 Shelving can be customized to a certain space depending on the weight of stored items or the size of containers that hold them. Storage bins come in many different colors, and that allows a homeowner to develop a color-coded system that indicates which container includes holiday decorations, out-of-season clothing or memorabilia and photos. Or homeowners can choose clear bins that show what's stored within them. Shelving provides an easy way to stack containers, whether in a basement, attic or various corners of the house. "Keep everything off the floor in case of flooding. Or elevate storage containers on wooden or plastic pallets that can be configured to whatever size you need. Label everything," advises WomansDay.com. Shelving can be customized to a certain space depending on the weight of stored items or the size of containers that hold them. Adjustable shelving can be used or the depth and length of shelves can be matched to the space available. For a storage area that has windows, aluminum mini blinds or roller shades are a good choice for window coverings. They are easy to use, affordable, available in a variety of colors and can be adjusted to fit any size window. Related Products
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Top 15 green characters in pop culture
The Green Fifteen
By Geoff Boucher
Sure, you wear green on St. Patrick's Day, but some of the greatest characters in American pop culture wear it every day, even when they're skinny-dipping. Today, in a loopy tribute to emerald holiday, we list the 15 greatest green-skinned icons, and you will read it with envy. |
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RedQueryBuilder fills the gap between a hand coded "quick search" and a full blown query language. A typical use is in an intranet Web application where experienced users need a quick ad-hoc way to find particular data. This means they don't have to use report frameworks or ask a techie. To use it in your app, you just need to drop in the JS, feed it the metadata for your database, then handle the change events to get the SQL and argument values.
GUI Builder is a drag and drop interface for creating WebElement User Interface (WUI) templates that can be used as the foundation of a responsive Wep app. It simplifies the process of designing applications, and encourages separation of the logic and view. It is part of the WebBot Web development framework, which makes it possible to build Web apps in a similar fashion to Qt/KDE apps.
WebBot is a Web development toolset which is designed to sit nicely on top of your existing infrastructure. It is built with a collection of Open Source tools which together enable building Python Web applications the same way native ones are built and running these applications on top of the leading Python frameworks (such as Django and Google's App Engine). As a result, the WebBot framework encourages reuse, concise code, rapid development, and happy developers.
WebElements is a collection of Python objects that enable developers to generate and interact with Web apps on the server side. It encourages object oriented Web site development, and code reuse by separating each DOM element into its own object, and then allowing inheritance and child elements to come together to form new elements not defined in the standard DOM.
Dynamic Form is a Python request abstraction library that lets you write one request handler that will run on multiple Python Web frameworks (such as Django and Google's AppEngine). This allows you to create pages and apps once and use them on multiple projects without concern about which framework is being used. Additionally, it makes AJAX easy. Simply adding nested request classes allows you to define AJAX handlers that can easily be refreshed both sever-side and client-side.
SIM.JS is a general-purpose Discrete Event Simulation library fully capable of running in a Web browser. It provides constructs for creating Entities which are the active actors in a system, and encapsulates the state and logic of a system's components. Entities contend for resources, which can be Facilities (supports FIFO, LIFO with preemption and Processor Sharing service disciplines), Buffers, and Stores. Entities communicate by waiting on Events or by sending Messages. Statistics recording and analysis is provided by Data Series Statistics, Time Series Statistics, and Population Statistics. A random number library generates seeded random variates from various distributions, including uniform, exponential, normal, gamma, Pareto, and others.


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Success Stories
Success Stories |
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Success Stories
Pensacola Junior College Professor Wins National AwardWayne Wooten, an astronomy professor at Pensacola Junior College (PJC), has won the Astronomical League Award, the highest award in amateur astronomy given to an individual who has made worthwhile contributions in astronomy at the national or international level. The award recognized Wooten's lifetime commitment to astronomy and astronomy education as the PJC department head of Physical Sciences. Dr. Wooten will receive the award at the Astronomical League National Convention in Tucson, Ariz. on June 26, 2010. For more information about the Astronomical League, visit www.astroleague.org/. |


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Maizis & Miller. is North America's first and only dedicated Career Networking Specialists for Diesel Machinery Professionals and the industries that employ them! No other company offers Diesel Machinery Professionals more career options in terms of industries, positions, locations, shifts and compensation packages. We invite you to visit www.maizisandmiller.com and are pleased to offer a $500 referral bonus for any Diesel Machinery Professional that is referred to us and successfully placed. Please feel free to also explorer www.mechanicshub.com the most content rich resource supplying all of the latest news, jokes, quiz's, forums etc. specifically for your industry.
Embarking on a job search requires a lot of time, energy and expertise. Selling yourself does not come naturally and is very difficult for most people. When you utilize the services of Maizis & Miller Consultants you have a group of professionals marketing you confidentially and for free. We specialize in Heavy Equipment and Heavy Duty Truck Mechanics and related fields of employment such as Managerial related, parts and service positions. Some of these are unadvertised, confidential opportunities and are not otherwise known to the general public.
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Sport your Nuggets pride as you get loud in the Pepsi Center with this Revolution 30 Swingman jersey from adidas! It features a sewn-on tackle twill team name across the front and Lawson's name and number on the back. It also boasts new recycled fabrication that's 35% lighter and absorbs moisture in three seconds for 50% faster drying time. You'll stay cool and dry whether Rocky is challenging you to take a free throw at half time or you're on your feet the final seconds of a tight game!
- 100% Polyester fabric
- Mesh jersey
- Quality embroidery
- Jock tag
- Imported
- Officially licensed Denver Nuggets jersey
Nuggets Customers also liked:
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Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items
are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Watch: Aerial view of SoCal high-speed chase
UPDATED 1:46 PM PST Feb 26, 2013Watch as law enforcement chase burglary suspects in the San Bernardino area.
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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Ladies Top-grain Cowhide Leather Chaps
Top-grain cowhide leather chaps Not too predictable, but quite practical if you spend any time on a motorcycle. Open hem for easy adjustment. Belted front closure. 19-inch heavy-duty side zipper and four-snap closure. Front patch pocket with snap closure and back pocket. Imported.Leather clean.Learn MoreColors: Black,White
Instructions for easy hemming included.
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Ladies Quilted Hooded Parka
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Special Price: $38.88


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Our step-by-step guide teaches you how to navigate the most popular HDR
programs, including one you may already have at your fingertips.
Have you ever seen a landscape or cityscape that looked hyper-realistic, or even fantastical -- a shot with amazing detail in the shadows, midtones, and highlights all at the same time?
It may have been perfect shooting conditions in the field, with a graduated neutral density filter or some other filter stacking combo, or maybe it was painstakingly crafted in Photoshop with tons of dodging and burning and layer masking.
Or it may have been a High-Dynamic Range Image (HDR), such as the lead image for this story. Often explained as "seeing more like the human eye," HDR imaging combines several shots of a given scene to overcome the exposure range limitations of traditional single-shot photography -- and the final results have much more detail from shadows to highlights, and everywhere in between.
HDR imaging has exploded over the past year, with discussion groups and websites devoted to techniques and critiquing the results. The popular photo-sharing site Flickr boasts more than 5,000 members in its HDR group, where users can browse more than 22,000 HDR images.
So how do you get started creating your own HDR images? This step-by-step tutorial will help you get started using either the popular HDR software from Photomatix or the built-in HDR features found in Photoshop CS2 and Bridge.
The sample images in this tutorial were taken one evening in Charleston, South Carolina. I really wanted an image that showed some of the beautiful colors of the waterfront mansions along East Battery. The problem: the houses on East Battery face east, the sun was setting in the west, and the mansions were all in shadows. There were some nice sunset-colored clouds on the eastern horizon, but the exposure difference between the house (to achieve a nice, vivid pink) and the twilight sky was at least 5 full stops apart. If I exposed for the mansion, I'd lose the sky. If I shot for the sky, all but the sky was a silhouetted mess of shadows. Splitting the distance between the two extremes did neither dramatic element justice.
Here was a serious photo challenge, and the perfect test subject for High Dynamic Range imaging. I set up my tripod and bracketed a series of exposures of the location, shooting every scene anywhere from five times from dark to light, all the way to 12 exposures in one instance. No photo on the LCD of my camera looked good. My take was underexposed save for a great sky, flat "compromise" images, and images where only the darkest details weren't seriously overexposed. I'd have to wait until I returned to my digital darkroom to see if my gamble paid off.


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Just as police keep an eye on habitual offenders, federal mine safety enforcers should pay special attention to companies that can't seem to comply with the rules. It appears the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration is doing just that.
MSHA officials have notified the operators of four mines, including two in West Virginia, they have patterns of safety violations. Because of that, the mines will be subjected to enhanced oversight.
Both the Mountain State mines, one in Harrison County and the other in Wayne County, are owned by relatively small coal companies. But regardless of size, mining firms have a responsibility to do all in their power to keep their employees safe.
MSHA officials are right to increase scrutiny of the mines - and should not hesitate to close them if safety violations are not kept under control.


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By Emily Pickelson
12:41 PM EDT, August 1, 2013
Advertisement |
Step into a bower of creativity this weekend with Gledhill Nursery's thirteenth annual Arts and Crafts Fair. Shoppers can browse through over twenty booths in Gledhill's lovely outdoor space and select from a variety of pottery, jewelry, wood work, bird houses, apparel, and garden gifts. Both parking and admission are free.
Arts and Crafts Fair
Saturday, August 3rd, from 9-5, and Sunday, August 4th from 10-4. 660 Mountain Rd, West Hartford.
Copyright © 2014, WTXX-TV


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The Piney Hills Master Gardener's Association has announced they will once again offer their introductory Master Gardener Course beginning this June.
The Piney Hills Master Gardeners are a volunteer organization administered by the LSU AgCenter that serves the community by increasing knowledge of best gardening practices, whether it be vegetable, flower, turf grass or ornamental gardening.
Subscribe to Read!


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A long time fantasy of a weekend of submission come true
I have been married for twelve years and I have always been the dom in our relationship. A couple of years ago I confessed to my wife that I had always had a fantasy of being dominated by a woman, to find out what the submissive side would be like. I had all but forgotten about it when my wife told me that she had found an old friend from college online, and she would really love to get...Read On
Added: 15 Apr 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.07 | Tags: anal bdsm oral sex spanking fetish | 2 Comments
Miss Bentner disciplines 17-year-old Emma whilst starting to control her 36-year-old mum, Elizabeth.
This continues the Mrs Denver Prelude series, but is a spin-off. Elizabeth and Emma Carson, mum and daughter, are regularly spanked and caned under the various disciplinary systems introduced by Headmistress Mrs Denver. There is a change in who dispenses that discipline. 24-year-old Miss Hannah Bentner, a teacher at Emma's school. This is how she takes over disciplining Emma. Elizabeth and...Read On
Added: 05 Apr 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.9 | Tags: ff discipline arousal making out | 3 Comments
Monica wants to get into Georgetown. The new guidance counselor wants to help--HIS way.
She stripped down to nothing. Houlihan wasn't thinking of anything except ravishing her flesh, because she had infuriated him. Had disobeyed him. He brought out the paddle and feather, and had her lay across his desk, as before. He started at her ankles, this time, slowly drawing the feather up and down her legs. This time, he brushed his fingertips and the feather up the insides of her...Read On
Added: 31 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 3 | Tags: spanking tickling stripping catholic school teenage girl georgetown university | 2 Comments
She was not getting off the hook that easily.
Laurel stumbles into the house,unable to fully hold herself up on her feet. With the mixture of alcohol and the fucking she just had in the cab, her body is not wanting to work properly at all. All she wants to do now is crawl into her oversized bed and go to sleep. Brian on the other hand has a different idea. Brian slowly makes his way into the house, his mind racing with ideas for what...Read On
Added: 28 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.86 | Tags: doggy punishment spanking | 6 Comments
Will He Help Me Break My Bad Habit?
The room is chilly, and I can even feel a breeze every so often. I'm tied in the middle of the room. My arms are high above me, cuffed to a beam that keeps me about two inches from the ground. I'm blindfolded and naked. I've misbehaved and I know I'm in for a punishment. I've always had a little issue with rolling my eyes. To me it's not to be disrespectful, so to speak. Of course Master...Read On
Added: 27 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.96 | Tags: bdsm spankings master sub punishment baby oil teasing | 28 Comments
I told my friends about Mike I being spanked and now they want to spank us both, outdoors
If you've read 'We were spanked for dares in the garden' you'll know that I'm Angie, just 18 and my friend Mike is a couple of months younger than me, he's tall and very fit. I'd been gossiping with two of my friends and I ended up telling them what happened the last time I'd been with Mike, and how two neighbours had spanked us; and used a springy ruler on his cock. I was now about...Read On
Added: 19 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.32 | Tags: spanking humiliation cmnf punishment cfnm shame pussy | 4 Comments
Shellie gets her first spanking over Jim's knee
Shellie and Jim had been hiking for about an hour when they reached the clearing. They'd seen no one since they'd joined the trail. On this beautiful sunny day, it seemed it was just them and the birds in the world. The clearing was small but awash with sunlight. In the middle, there was a fallen tree trunk. "Perfect," said Jim. "Shellie, it's time." He took off his rucksack and walked over...Read On
Added: 15 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.55 | Tags: spanking open air over the knee otk hiking | 5 Comments
Elizabeth Carson and Emma both need their Punishment Letters signed, and suffer to get them.
Elizabeth Carson sat in the car. She was far from comfortable she had to be acknowledge to herself. The 36-year- old was suffering the effects of the 24 fierce red lines across her bottom given courtesy of Mrs Denver's senior cane. She got herself as comfortable as possible before driving off. She drove carefully as the stinging distracted her but thankfully got home without incident. As...Read On
Added: 12 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.96 | Tags: ff discipline arousal | 5 Comments
Tracie's Adventure Continues...
She woke up Saturday morning needing him, wanting him, her body aching for him. Her fingertips traced over the skin of her bottom; her ass was still a bit sore from her weekly spanking on Wednesday, and that had been the last day she'd been allowed to come. Of course, he had let her suck his cock, naked and on her knees, Thursday and Friday morning. Remembering the taste of him, the feel...Read On
Added: 11 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 5 | Tags: bdsm mff cane spanking | 6 Comments
Naughty girl gets publicly spanked, tied up and fucked.
I wake up flushed, my hands buried deep in my panties as I often find them when I wake up nowadays. I need to get laid. Since my boyfriend has gone away I have found myself engaging in new and exciting fantasies in my sleep, unable to focus on anything aside from the thought of my normally sweet and innocent boyfriend fucking me. Hard. Violently. I have found my appetite for thinking about...Read On
Added: 10 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.5 | Tags: spanking tied up blow job naughty straight sex masturbation | 2 Comments
A woman has a fantasy like encounter with a mysterious stranger
Laura packed up her things and left work. She slung her bag over her shoulder and headed out the door; just like every other Thursday evening, off to the train for her ride home. The first thing to catch her attention was the limo parked right outside the door. The second thing was the man in the tuxedo holding a sign reading "Laura". "Can I help you?" she said, glancing around looking for...Read On
Added: 06 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.6 | Tags: spanking romantic | 1 Comment
Christy doubts her Master's memory...and finds it better than she realized!
Christy and I started the day just like any other normal day. I woke up and took My shower and got dressed to go to work. Christy went into the smaller bathroom, which I had told her was her bathroom, and put on her makeup like she always did. Then, while I got things organized and put into My briefcase for work, she went downstairs to cook breakfast. When I was finished, I went into the...Read On
Added: 06 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.93 | Tags: bdsm spanking master submissive punishment | 9 Comments
Getting the cane at work!
About five years ago, when I'd just started out with my present firm, I was one of about ten female solicitors. We had a large open plan office, and we girls were all at one end in our own enclave. It was very spacious, and our desks were quite a distance apart, and there were screens which gave us some degree of privacy. One of the girls found a thing on the internet. It was a short film of...Read On
Added: 01 Mar 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.8 | Tags: spanking | 13 Comments
Akira is a submissive caught in a lie by her Dominant Kat. You never lie to Kat.
Akira knelt on the cement floor of the sweltering basement, her arms tied behind her back by thick rope that threatened to break the delicate skin of her wrists. Sweat dripped down her hair, pooling around the thick ball gag in her mouth. Kat only gagged Akira when she was very angry. Never Lie to Kat She looked down at the filthy floor, a spider crawled dangerously close to her knee,...Read On
Added: 28 Feb 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.8 | Tags: bdsm spanking femdom lesbian | 3 Comments
Mandy gets what she has always dreamed of; a kiss from Mr. Bigs. But it leads to more...
Mr. Bigs was my favorite teacher. He was about 30 years old, but I was 18, so I didn't feel wrong about having a huge crush on him. He taught English and even though I hated English, he made me want to go to his class. I always made sure to check my hair and makeup in the bathroom everyday before his class. I always wore the cutest bras and panties the days I had his class. I sat in the front...Read On
Added: 24 Feb 2013 | Category: Spanking | Avg Score: 4.88 | Tags: teacher student teacher and student student and teacher school spanking first time | 8 Comments


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Browse By Person: Shochet, Ian
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Number of items: 72.
Cloete, N. & Shochet, I.M. (1986) Alternatives to the behavioural technicist approaches to study skills. Higher Education, 15, pp. 247-258.
Seedat, M., Cloete, N, & Shochet, I.M. (1988) Community psychology : panic or panacea. Psychology in Society, 11, pp. 39-54.
Shochet, Ian M. (1992) A dynamic assessment for undergraduate admissions : the inverse relationship between modifiability and predictability. In Haywood, H. C. & Tzuriel, D. (Eds.) Interactive Assessment. Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 332-356.
Shochet, Ian M. (1994) The moderator effect of cognitive modifiability on a traditional undergraduate admissions test for disadvantaged Black students in South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, 24(4), pp. 208-215.
Shochet, Ian M. & O'Gorman, J. G. (1995) Ethical issues in research on adolescent depression and suicidal behaviour. Australian Psychologist, 30(3), pp. 183-186.
Heaven, Patrick C. L. & Shochet, Ian M. (1995) Dimensions of neuroticism : relationships with gender and personality traits. Personality and Individual Difference, 18(1), pp. 33-37.
Creedy, Debra & Shochet, Ian M. (1996) Caring for women suffering depression in the postnatal period. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 5(1), pp. 13-19.
Shochet, Ian M. & Dadds, Mark R. (1997) Adolescent depression and the family : a paradox. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(2), pp. 307-312.
Shochet, Ian M., Holland , D, & Whitefield , Kathy (1997) Resourceful Adolescent Program : group leader's manual. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld.
Shochet, Ian M., Whitefield , Kathy, & Holland, D (1997) Resourceful Adolescent Program : participant workbook. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld.
Shochet, Ian M. & Dadds, Mark R. (1997) When individual child psychotherapy exacerbates family systems problems in child abuse cases : a clinical analysis. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(2), pp. 239-250.
Shochet, Ian M., Roth, Janet, Jones, Sarah, & Chapman, Jane (1998) Family therapy with the dying. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy (ANZJFT), 19(1), pp. 40-47.
Shochet, Ian M. & Dadds, Mark R. (1999) Als psychotherapie voor een misbruikt kind de problemen in het gesinssysteem alleen maar groter maakt : eEen klinische analyse. Gezinstherapie Wereldwijd, 1, pp. 1-19.
Clarke, Colleen, Harnett, Paul, Atkinson, Judy, & Shochet, Ian M. (1999) Enhancing resilience in indigenous people: The integration of individual, family and community interventions. Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal, 23, pp. 6-10.
Clarke, C, Harnett, Paul, & Shochet, Ian M. (1999) RAP Indigenous Parenting Program. School of Applied Psychology, Queensland University of Technology and Indigenous Therapies Unit, University of Central Queensland, Brisbane, Qld.
Shochet, Ian M., Osgarby, Susan M., & Holland, D (1999) Resourceful Adolescent Parent Program : group leader's manual. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld.
Shochet, Ian M., Osgarby, Susan M., & Dyer, C (1999) Resourceful Adolescent Parent Program : participant's workbook. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld.
Shochet, Ian M. & Osgarby, Susan M. (1999) The resourceful adolescent project : building psychological resilience in adolescents and their parents. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 16, pp. 46-65.
Creedy , Debra K., Shochet, Ian M., & Horsfall, Jan (2000) Childbirth and the development of acute trauma symptoms : incidence and contributing factors. Birth, 27(2), pp. 104-111.
Shochet, Ian M., Dadds, Mark R., Holland, Denise, Whitefield, Kathy L., Harnett, Paul H., & Osgarby, Susan M. (2001) The efficacy of a universal school-based program to prevent adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(3), pp. 303-315.
Dyck, Murray J., Ferguson, K., & Shochet, Ian M. (2001) Do autism spectrum disorders differ from each other and from non-spectrum disorders on emotion recognition tests. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 10(2), pp. 105-116.
Shochet, Ian M. & Wurfl, Astrid (2001) The Resourceful Adolescent Parent Program, flexible delivery series for parents: Vol 1: Parents are people too; Vol 2: Managing our stress; Vol 3: Helping our adolescents develop a good self-esteem; Vol 4: Independence with attachment; Vol 5: Preventing, managing and getting over conflict; Vol 6: Looking forward to a positive future. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld.
Shochet, Ian M. (2001) What lessons for Australia? A critique of Schwartz' view from South Africa. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 22, pp. 9-10.
Shochet, Ian M. (2002) The Resourceful Adolescent Program (RAP): building resilience and preventing depression in adolescents through universal school-based interventions. In Rowling, L., Martin, G., & Walker, L. (Eds.) Mental Health Promotion in Young People : Concepts and Practice. McGraw-Hill, Sydney, Australia, pp. 172-184.
Shochet, Ian M., Montague, Roslyn, & Ham, David (2002) Resourceful adolescent program : a universal approach to the prevention of depression in adolescents. In Singh, N., Ollendick, T., & Singh, A. (Eds.) International Perspectives on Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Elsevier, London, pp. 213-235.
Shochet, Ian M. (2003) Commentary on Spence et al. : "Problem solving programme implemented by teachers may prevent depression in the short term, but longer term benefits are unclear". Evidence-Based Mental Health, 6(3), p. 82.
Shochet, Ian M. & Ham, David (2003) The resourceful adolescent project : a universal approach to preventing adolescent depression through promoting resilience and family well-being in Australia. In Katz, I. & Pinkerton, J. (Eds.) Evaluating Family Support : Thinking Internationally, Thinking Critically. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., West Sussex, England, pp. 271-290.
Dyck, Murray J., Farrugia, Charles, Shochet, Ian M., & Holmes-Brown, Martez (2004) Emotion recognition/understanding ability in hearing or vision-impaired children: do sounds, sights, or words make the difference? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45(4), pp. 789-800.
Shochet, Ian M., Hoge, Rebecca, & Wurfl, Astrid (2004) RAP-A Indigenous supplement : guidelines for the adaptation and implementation of the RAP Program for indigenous adolescents. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland.
Ham, David & Shochet, Ian (2004) Universal School-based Approaches to Preventing Adolescent Depression: Past Findings and Future Directions of the Resourceful Adolescent Program. The International Journal Of Mental Health Promotion, 6(3), pp. 17-25.
Shochet, Ian M., Wurfl, Astrid, & Hoge, Rebecca (2004) The resourceful adolescent program, working with teenagers in Queensland, Australia. In Saxena, S. & Garrison, P.J. (Eds.) Mental Health Promotion : Case Studies from Countries. World Federation for Mental Health and the World Health Organization, Geneva.
Hunt, Christine, King, Robert, & Shochet, Ian (2005) The Use of E-mail in the Therapy Process. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 26(1), pp. 10-20.
Shochet, Ian M., Dadds, Mark R., Ham, David R., & Montague, Roslyn (2006) School connectedness is an underemphasized parameter in adolescent mental health: Results of a community prediction study. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(2), pp. 170-179.
Shochet, Ian M. & Wurfl, Astrid (2006) Resourceful Adolescent Program for Teachers (RAP-T) : a program for teachers to promote school connectedness in teenagers. School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD.
Larmar, Stephen A., Dadds, Mark R, & Shochet, Ian M. (2006) Successes and Challenges in Preventing Conduct Problems in Australian Preschool-aged Children Through the Early Impact (EI) Program. Behaviour Change, 23(2), pp. 121-137.
Shochet, Ian M., Smyth, Tanya L., & Homel, Ross (2007) The Impact of Parental Attachment on Adolescent Perception of the School Environment and School Connectedness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 28(2), pp. 109-118.
Cockshaw, Wendell D. & Shochet, Ian M. (2007) Organisational Connectedness and Well-being. In 42nd Annual Australian Psychological Society Conference 2007, 25-29 September 2007, Brisbane.
Shochet, Ian M., Wurfl, Astrid, Hoge, Rebecca, Liossis, Poppy, & Millear, Prudence M. (2007) Promoting Adult Resilience (PAR): Group Leaders Manual. School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD.
Shochet, Ian M., Wurfl, Astrid, Hoge, Rebecca, Liossis, Poppy, & Millear, Prudence M. (2007) Promoting Adult Resilience (PAR): Participant Workbook. School of Psychology and Counselling , Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD.
Millear, Prudence M, Liossis, Poppy, Shochet, Ian M., Biggs, Herbert C., & Donald, Maria (2007) Promoting adult resilience in the workplace: Synthesising mental health and work-life balance approaches. In 42nd Annual Conference of the Australian Psychological Society, 25-29 September 2007, Brisbane, Qld.
Millear, Prudence M, Liossis, Poppy, Shochet, Ian M., Biggs, Herbert C., & Donald, Maria (2008) Being on PAR : outcomes of a pilot trial to improve mental health and wellbeing in the workplace with the Promoting Adult Resilience (PAR) Program. Behaviour Change, 25(4), pp. 215-228.
Shochet, Ian M., Homel, Ross, Cockshaw, Wendell D., & Montgomery, Danielle T. (2008) How do school connectedness and attachment to parents interrelate in predicting adolescent depressive symptoms? Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(3), pp. 676-681.
Stallman, Helen M. & Shochet, Ian M. (2009) Prevalence of mental health problems in Australian university health services. Australian Psychologist, 44(2), pp. 122-127.
Shochet, Ian M., Hoge, Rebecca, & Wurfl, Astrid (2009) Building resilience to prevent mental health problems in young people : The resourceful adolescent programme (RAP). In Geldard, Kathryn (Ed.) Practical Interventions for Young People at Risk. SAGE Publishing Ltd, London, pp. 22-32.
Boman, Peter, Furlong, Michael J., Shochet, Ian, Lilles, Elena, & Jones, Camille (2009) Optimism and the School Context. In Furlong, Michael J., Gilman, Richard, & Heubner, E. Scott (Eds.) Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools. Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 51-64.
Shochet, Ian & Hoge, Rebecca (2009) Resourceful adolescent program : a prevention and early intervention program for teenage depression. In Essau, C (Ed.) Treatments for Adolescent Depression. Oxford University Press Inc. , London, United Kingdom, pp. 123-157.
Liossis, Poppy, Shochet, Ian M., Millear, Prudence M, & Biggs, Herbert C. (2009) The promoting adult resilience (PAR) program : the effectiveness of the second, shorter pilot of a workplace prevention program. Behaviour Change, 26(2), pp. 97-112.
Cockshaw, Wendell & Shochet, Ian (2010) The link between belongingness and depressive symptoms: An exploration in the workplace interpersonal context. Australian Psychologist, 45(4), pp. 283-289.
King, Robert, Bickman, Leonard, Shochet, Ian, McDermott, Brett, & Bor, William (2010) Use of the internet for provision of better counselling and psychotherapy services to young people, their families and carers. Psychotherapy in Australia, 17(1), pp. 62-70.
Ryan, Megan L., Shochet, Ian M., & Stallman, Helen M. (2010) Universal online interventions might engage psychologically distressed university students who are unlikely to seek formal help. Advances in Mental Health, 9(1), pp. 73-83.
Ross, Anthony, Shochet, Ian, & Bellair, Rachael (2010) The role of social skills and school connectedness in preadolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(2), pp. 269-275.
Buckley, Lisa, Sheehan, Mary C., & Shochet, Ian M. (2010) A short-term evaluation of a school-based early adolescent injury prevention program. Journal of Early Adolescence.
Gilmore, Linda, Shochet, Ian M., Campbell, Marilyn A., & Roberts, Clare (2010) The assessment of mental health in children with intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(5), p. 423.
Shochet, Ian M., Shakespeare-Finch, Jane E., Craig, Cameron, Roos, Colette, Wurfl, Astrid, Hoge, Rebecca, et al. (2011) The development and implementation of the Promoting Resilient Officers (PRO) Program. Traumatology, 17(4), pp. 43-51.
Smith, Coral L. & Shochet, Ian M. (2011) The impact of mental health literacy on help-seeking intentions : results of a pilot study with first year psychology students. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 13(2), pp. 14-20.
Chapman, Rebekah L., Buckley, Lisa, Sheehan, Mary C., Shochet, Ian M., & Romaniuk, Madeline (2011) The impact of school connectedness on violent behavior, transport risk taking behavior and associated injuries in adolescence. Journal of School Psychology, 49(4), pp. 399-410.
You, Sukkyung, Ritchey, Kristin, Furlong, Michael, Shochet, Ian M., & Boman, Peter (2011) Examination of the latent structure of the psychological sense of school membership scale. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(3), pp. 225-237.
Shochet, Ian M., Smith, Coral L., Furlong, Michael J., & Homel, Ross (2011) A prospective study investigating the impact of school belonging factors on negative affect in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(4), pp. 586-595.
Shochet, Ian M. & Smith, Coral L. (2012) Enhancing school connectedness to prevent violence and promote wellbeing. In Jimerson, Shane R., Nickerson, Amanda B., Mayer, Matthew J., & Furlong, Michael J. (Eds.) Handbook of School Violence and School Safety : International Research and Practice. Routledge, London, pp. 475-486.
Buckley, Lisa, Sheehan, Mary C., Shochet, Ian M., & Chapman, Rebekah L. (2012) Towards an integration of the theory of planned behaviour and cognitive behavioural strategies : an example from a school-based injury prevention programme. Educational Studies.
Mackay, Bethany & Shochet, Ian M. (2012) Children with autistic spectrum disorder have an associated risk of depression. Australasian Epidemiologist, 19(1), pp. 13-17.
Cockshaw, Wendell D., Shochet, Ian M., & Obst, Patricia L. (2012) General belongingness, workplace belongingness, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology.
Shochet, Ian M. (2012) The public health challenges of mental health problems and associated difficulties. Australiasian Epidemiologist, 19(1), pp. 3-4.
Glasheen, Kevin J., Campbell, Marilyn A., & Shochet, Ian M. (2013) Opportunities and challenges : school guidance counsellors' perceptions of counselling students online. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 23(1), pp. 1-14.
Chapman, Rebekah L., Buckley, Lisa, & Shochet, Ian M. (2013) Pilot evaluation of an adolescent risk and injury prevention programme incorporating curriculum and school connectedness components. Health Education Research.
Chapman, Rebekah L., Buckley, Lisa, Sheehan, Mary C., & Shochet, Ian M. (2013) Teachers' perceptions of school connectedness and risk-taking in adolescence. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education.
Chapman, Rebekah L., Buckley, Lisa, Sheehan, Mary C., & Shochet, Ian M. (2013) School-based programs for increasing connectedness and reducing risk behavior : a systematic review. Educational Psychology Review.
Haynes, Allison, Gilmore, Linda, Shochet, Ian M., Campbell, Marilyn A., & Roberts, Clare (2013) Factor analysis of the Self Report Version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a sample of children with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34, pp. 847-854.
Gilmore, Linda, Campbell, Marilyn A., Shochet, Ian M., & Roberts, Clare (2013) Resiliency profiles of children with intellectual disability and their typically developing peers. Psychology in the Schools, 50(10), pp. 1032-1043.
Armstrong, Deanne, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane E., & Shochet, Ian M. (2014) Predicting posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress in fire-fighters. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(1), pp. 38-46.


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POSTGAME | Klopas on 3-1 victory over NY
Chicago Fire - 11 months ago
Watching: Head Coach Frank Klopas, comments on the team's first win over the New York Red Bulls 3-1.
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Cheap Hotels in Hollywood, Florida
Quality Inn hotels and around with Free Internet Access in Hollywood, Florida
There are 10 cheap Quality Inn hotels and around with Free Internet Access in Hollywood, Florida. Choose a hotel below or narrow your search using the filter to the right.
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Xbox Errors
I've got a Xbox 360 I bought used four or five years ago on eBay. I don't use it much, but when I went to turn it on today, I got error code E68. From doing some research that means there's an error with the hard drive or the connector. I unplugged the hard drive and the Xbox works, but now I've got the "Open Tray" error code. I've got the HD DVD drive, which works fine, but I'm guessing I can't play games from it.Of more importance to me is I've got a couple games and their saves on the hard drive I'd like to keep. If I can't get the two running again, together, is there some way I can get the data off the drive to put back on another drive later? I don't mind buying another Xbox, but is there a good fix for either of these issues? Thanks for any help. We all find out who we are when nobody's looking.
If you buy a new 4gb slim you can take the old hard drive out of the honky side mount enclosure (only requires Torx bit 6 and 8 I believe) and it will slide right in the slim hard drive slot. I've done this with two Xboxs without trouble.
Additionally you can get a data transfer cable to move the info from one hard drive to another if you decide to go with an Xbox that has a hard drive. Someone on here might even have one to send you for free because once you use it there's nothing left to do with it. |
What type of drive is in the console?
If you refer to your husband/wife as 'DH/DW', you're too old to be active on a forum.
If you ask for marriage advice on a(ny) forum, you should seriously reevaluate your life. If you don't know the difference between 'their', 'there', and 'they're', I automatically assume you have a mental disability (same goes for to/two/too and your/you're/yore). |
I'd have to imagine though if you are getting an error for a bad HDD, that means the HDD is bad...and the console won't matter. I'd HIGHLY suggest that in the future, if you are playing from an internet connected console, to just always store everything on the cloud. Last edited by Curtieson; 01-29-2013 at 11:57 AM.. Reason: Automerged Doublepost
I was wondering about your optical drive because I was going to recommend doing a drive swap, but it's pretty technically advanced. |
Have you tried powering the unit without the HD-DVD plugged in or without the HDD attached?
Here's some info on the E68
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Emma Thompson Hits David Letterman with Cream Pie
Actor InterviewsJanuary 27, 2006, 05:53 PM
Emma Thompson (Professor Trelawney) appeared on The Late Show with David Letterman this week, and following a discussion of the satisfaction of throwing a pie in someone's face (there is a food fight sequence in Ms. Thompson's new film, Nanny McPhee), she hit the host in the face with a cream pie! Naturally, this sparked a pie-throwing frenzy. You can read about the incident here, and watch the video here.
Thanks to all who sent this in.


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New Jersey bet on the wrong casino with Revel
The $2.4 billion Vegas-style resort's planned bankruptcy means skeptics were right when they said it would never score in the city's already troubled gambling market.
The resort, which brags about its ocean-view rooms with flat-screen TVs and marble-tiled bathrooms, tried to bring Las Vegas glitz to the blue-collar Jersey town and failed to attract customers. According to state officials, Revel generated a paltry $8 million in total casino revenue in January, ranking dead last among the city's 11 casinos. That's why the news earlier this week that Revel plans to file Chapter 11 bankruptcy is hardly a shock.
"Revel had amended its revolving line of credit at least three times since the summer, spending money at a fierce clip while bringing in less than half the $30 million a month that Wall Street analysts said it needed to sustain its massive 6.3 million-square-foot operation," according to the Philadelphia Inquirer.
As part of its aid package, New Jersey gave Revel a Redevelopment and Growth tax incentive award of $261 million, which allowed it to receive a rebate of tax revenues over 20 years. No taxpayer funds were provided up front.
The resort has had a rocky history for years. Morgan Stanley (MS) first began developing the project in 2006 but backed out before construction was complete and wrote down its entire $1.25 billion investment. Chief Executive Kevin Desanctis was brought in 2011, but his status with Revel after the bankruptcy remains unclear, according to The Wall Street Journal.
Many critics of the aid, including state Democrats, have argued that the state's oversight of Revel was lax. Bob McDevitt, head of Atlantic City's largest casino union, which has tried to organize Revel's workers, is quoted in the Press of Atlantic City saying, "We warned them this would be a catastrophe, but no one listened. Now, it's a catastrophe."
Revel has a tough road ahead. Increased competition from neighboring states such as Pennsylvania have eroded Atlantic City's business, causing revenue to fall in each of the last six years. Revel clearly didn't help that trend.
--Jonathan Berr does not own shares of the listed stocks. Follow him on Twitter @jdberr.
This goes to show you as well as other states that have it (Ohio) that casinos cannot survive being non smoking. I know a lot of people have never smoked or have stopped but most gamblers smoke like crazy when gambling. Go to any smoking casino in Las Vegas and check out the "non smoking" area. There is no one there. No gambler wants to leave a "hot" machine for a smoke. Most Gamblers want their rooms to smoke in too. This is just the way it is. Allow smoking and you will have a full casino. That is why Ohio casinos are going down the tubes and Indiana and Michigan are raking it in.
I smoke but I always aske my gambling neighbor if smoking bothers them. If so I move or gamble till I have to smoke then move.
West Virginia all the way north to Connecticut is glutted with casinos, no other way to put it. But if I had to pick winners here, I'd go with the states which have live horse racing and casinos in the same facility. What Pennsylvania is doing to New Jersey has been happening to Maryland, courtesy of Delaware, for years. It's only a matter of time before the Preakness moves from Maryland to Delaware or West Virginia because of the race track/casino facilities.
As things stand, the only way shot you have at revitalizing a huge number of struggling casinos is to make all casino winnings 100% tax free and payable in cash on the spot.
Been there a couple of times, it is beautiful but there is no way for them to make 60 million a month ( what I heard) to just break even. Very expensive to drink in the bars and dine. The entire property is also smokefree which eliminates 25 % or more of potential patrons. Tough to make ends meet when you are marketing to less than 75 % of the gambling population. Hopefully, Revel will be able to re-emerge and have isolated smoking areas as do the other casinos and target 100% of the gambling audience.
ac isn't what it used to be...
i bet tourism is down a lot since casinos have opened in pa, ct, ny and other ne states...
i know i live central pa...about 1 hr from the casino in wb...
i can drive there every day if i want too...
so why would i get on a bus for 4-5 hrs to ac and gamble...
we used to have 4-5 buses from my area going to ac every day.
now it's down to less than that a week!!!!
somebody really needs to have their heads examined of that deal.
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Cave Spring High School cuts ribbon for new school entrance
Early this morning, school officials, board members, the board of supervisors and even students came out to join the ribbon cutting of Cave Spring High School's new entrance.
The renovation project began in late September of 2008 and cost about $875,000. The purpose of the project was to increase entrance security by putting the attendance office closer to the entrance of the school so that visitors may be monitored.
It also serves to improve environmental conditions, and includes a new heating and air conditioning system, new attendance office which also doubles as a ticket office for events, an addition of a concession stand, upgraded fire and smoke alarm system and new and improved aesthetic look to the main entrance of the school facility.
H. Odell "Fuzzy" Minnix thanked Principal Steve Spangler and the students for making it work while the main entrance was closed and said that first impressions are really important and he hopes that this impression makes a big difference for Cave Spring High School.
Principal Spangler also offered his thanks and appreciation for the new entrance.
"The completion of this project is a bi-product of our relationship with the Board of Supervisors," Minnix said.
Cave Spring High School was built in 1956 and that building currently serves as Cave Spring Middles School. The building that serves as Cave Spring High School now, was built in 1966. Cave Spring houses nearly 900 students and more than 100 staff members.
The School Board also expressed their excitement of beginning several other renovations to SWoCo schools including Green Valley Elementary, Cave Spring Elementary, and to begin the renovation of Cave Spring Middle School. Cave Spring High School's renovation is one of several that have now been completed including, the Oak Grove Elementary School addition, Bogle Field and Hidden Valley High School.
For more photos of the ribbon cutting, view our gallery here.


text:
The migrations of the Yuezhi through Central Asia, from around 176 BCE to 30 CE
Total population | |
Some 100,000 to 200,000 horse archers, according to the Shiji, Chapter 123.[1] The Hanshu Chapter 96A records: 100,000 households, 400,000 people with 100,000 able to bear arms.[2] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Languages | |
Bactrian[4] | |
Religion | |
Iranian deities (Nana), Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Kushans |
The Yuezhi or Rouzhi (Chinese: 月氏; pinyin: Yuèzhī) were an ancient Central Asian people who originally settled in the arid grasslands of the eastern Tarim Basin area, in what is today Xinjiang and western Gansu, in China, before they migrated to Transoxiana, Bactria and then northern South Asia, where one branch of the Yuezhi founded the Kushan Empire.[5][6]
The name is formed from yuè (月) "moon" and shì (氏) "clan". According to the Kangxi Dictionary, it referred to a country beyond China's borders.[7] Since the character 月 can stand for the character ròu (肉) in pictograms, it may not mean "moon" here. The character seems to have derived originally from ròu, "meat", as a character component.[citation needed]
There are numerous theories about the derivation of the name Yuezhi, and none has yet found general acceptance.[8][9] According to Zhang Guang-da, the name Yuezhi is a transliteration of their own name for themselves, the Visha ("the tribes") or Vèsh in modern Pashto meaning "devisions", being called the Vijaya in Tibetan.[10]
According to the linguist J. Derakhshani the Yuezhi are linked to the Kuchis of Afghanistan, formerly Guci.[citation needed]
The first known references to the Yuezhi are contained in the Yizhoushu, Guanzi (73, 78, 80 and 81) and Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven. The dates of the most common version of this book are disputed, however, and it may date to as late as the 1st century BCE.[11] Unlike the neighbouring Xiongnu dynasty, who were also nomadic, the Yuezhi did not engage in conflict with the nearby Chinese states. Rather, the book described the Yuzhi 禺氏, or Niuzhi 牛氏, as a people from the northwest who supplied jade to the Chinese.[12] The supply of jade from the Tarim Basin from ancient times is indeed well documented archaeologically: "It is well known that ancient Chinese rulers had a strong attachment to jade. All of the jade items excavated from the tomb of Fuhao of the Shang dynasty, more than 750 pieces, were from Khotan in modern Xinjiang. As early as the mid-first millennium BCE the Yuezhi engaged in the jade trade, of which the major consumers were the rulers of agricultural China."[13] During the Qin Dynasty period, the Yuezhi earned the support of Chinese rulers by providing them with large supplies of war horses.[14] As well as maintaining this friendly trading relationship with China, the Yuezhi also acted as 'middlemen' between China and Central Asia. During the Warring States period, the Chinese also turned to the Yuezhi for the supply of good horses. Moreover, the Yuezhi supplied the Qin Empire with crucial military mounts.[15] The suffix Di or Zhi (Chinese:氐) was generally used to describe the Di people, called "Western barbarians", in Han Dynasty-era Chinese annals.
The Yuezhi are also documented in detail in Chinese historical accounts, in particular the 2nd-1st century BCE Records of the Great Historian, or Shiji, by Sima Qian. According to these accounts:
- "The Yuezhi originally lived in the area between the Qilian or Heavenly Mountains (Tian Shan) and Dunhuang, but after they were defeated by the Xiongnu they moved far away to the west, beyond Dayuan, where they attacked and conquered the people of Daxia and set up the court of their king on the northern bank of the Gui [= Oxus] River. A small number of their people who were unable to make the journey west sought refuge among the Qiang barbarians in the Southern Mountains, where they are known as the Lesser Yuezhi."[1]
The Qilian and Dunhuang original homeland of the Yuezhi has recently been argued not to refer to the current locations in Gansu, but to the Tian Shan range and the Turpan region, 1,000 km to the west, Dunhuang being identified with a mountain named Dunhong listed in the Shanhaijing.[16]
Ancient Chinese sources do describe the existence of "white people with long hair" (the Bai people of the Shan Hai Jing) beyond their northwestern border. Very well preserved Tarim mummies with Europoid features (light hair and eyes) and dominated by Haplogroup R1a1a (Y-DNA), today displayed at the Ürümqi Museum and dated to the 3rd century BCE, were found at the ancient oasis on the Silk Road, Niya.[17]
According to Han Dynasty accounts, the Yuezhi "were flourishing" during the time of the first great Chinese Qin emperor, but were regularly in conflict with the neighboring tribe of the Xiongnu to the Northeast."
Esther Jacobson emphasizes that "the Yuezhi/Kushans may properly be considered to have belonged to the larger Scytho-Siberian culture."[18]
The Yuezhi exodus[edit]
The Yuezhi sometimes practiced the exchange of hostages with the Xiongnu, and, at one time, were hosts to Modu Shanyu (冒頓), son of the Xiongnu leader. Modu stole a horse and escaped when the Yuezhi tried to kill him in retaliation for an attack by his father. Modu subsequently became ruler of the Xiongnu after killing his father.
Shortly before 176 BCE, led by one of Modu's tribal chiefs, the Xiongnu invaded Yuezhi territory in the Gansu region and achieved a crushing victory.[19] Modu boasted in a letter (174 BCE) to the Han emperor[citation needed] that due to "the excellence of his fighting men, and the strength of his horses, he has succeeded in wiping out the Yuezhi, slaughtering or forcing to submission every number of the tribe." The son of Modu, Laoshang Chanyu, subsequently killed the king of the Yuezhi and, in accordance with nomadic traditions, "made a drinking cup out of his skull." (Shiji 123. Watson 1961:231).
Following Chinese sources, a large part of the Yuezhi people therefore fell under the domination of the Xiongnu, and these may have been the ancestors of the Tocharian speakers attested in the 6th century CE. A very small group of Yuezhi fled south to the territory of the Proto-Tibetan Qiang and came to be known to the Chinese as the "Small Yuezhi". According to the Hanshu, they only numbered around 150 families.
Finally, a large group of the Yuezhi fled from the Tarim Basin towards the Northwest circa 165 BCE[20], first settling in the Ili valley, immediately north of the Tian Shan mountains, where they confronted and defeated the Sai (Sakas or Scythians): "The Yuezhi attacked the king of the Sai who moved a considerable distance to the south and the Yuezhi then occupied his lands" (Han Shu 61 4B). The Sai then undertook their own migration, which was to lead them as far as Kashmir, after travelling through a "Suspended Crossing" (probably the Khunjerab Pass between present-day Xinjiang and northern Pakistan). The Sakas ultimately established an Indo-Scythian kingdom in northern India.[21]
In the year 132 BCE, the Wusun, in alliance with the Xiongnu and out of revenge from an earlier conflict, managed to dislodge the Yuezhi, forcing them to move south.[19] The Yuezhi crossed the neighbouring urban civilization of the Dayuan in Ferghana and settled on the northern bank of the Oxus, in the region of Transoxiana, in modern-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, just north of the Hellenistic Greco-Bactrian kingdom. The Greek city of Alexandria on the Oxus was apparently burnt to the ground by the Yuezhi around 145 BCE.[22]
Settlement in Transoxiana[edit]
The Yuezhi were visited by a Chinese mission, led by Zhang Qian in 126 BCE,[23] that was seeking an offensive alliance with the Yuezhi to counter the Xiongnu threat to the north. Although the request for an alliance was denied by the son of the slain Yuezhi king, who preferred to maintain peace in Transoxiana rather than to seek revenge, Zhang Qian made a detailed account, reported in the Shiji, that gives considerable insight into the situation in Central Asia at that time.[24]
Zhang Qian, who spent a year with the Yuezhi and in Bactria, relates that "the Great Yuezhi live 2,000 or 3,000 li (832-1,247 kilometers) west of Dayuan (Ferghana), north of the Gui (Oxus) river. They are bordered on the south by Daxia (Bactria), on the west by Anxi (Parthia), and on the north by Kangju (beyond the middle Jaxartes). They are a nation of nomads, moving from place to place with their herds, and their customs are like those of the Xiongnu. They have some 100,000 or 200,000 archer warriors."[1]
Although they remained north of the Oxus for a while, they apparently obtained the submission of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom to the south of the Oxus. The Yuezhi were organized into five major tribes, each led by a yabgu, or tribal chief, and known to the Chinese as Xiūmì (休密) in Western Wakhān and Zibak, Guishuang (貴霜) in Badakhshan and the adjoining territories north of the Oxus, Shuangmi (雙靡) in the region of Shughnan, Xidun (肸頓) in the region of Balkh, and Dūmì (都密) in the region of Termez.[25]
A description of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom was made by Zhang Qian after the conquest by Yuezhi:
- "Daxia (Greco-Bactria) is located over 2,000 li southwest of Dayuan, south of the Gui (Oxus) river. Its people cultivate the land and have cities and houses. Their customs are like those of Ta-Yuan. It has no great ruler but only a number of petty chiefs ruling the various cities. The people are poor in the use of arms and afraid of battle, but they are clever at commerce. After the Great Yuezhi moved west and attacked the lands, the entire country came under their sway. The population of the country is large, numbering some 1,000,000 or more persons. The capital is called the city of Lanshi (Bactra) (modern Balkh) and has a market where all sorts of goods are bought and sold."[26]
In a sweeping analysis of the physical types and cultures of Central Asia that he visited in 126 BCE, Zhang Qian reports that "although the states from Dayuan west to Anxi (Parthia), speak rather different languages, their customs are generally similar and their languages mutually intelligible. The men have deep-set eyes and profuse beards and whiskers. They are skilful at commerce and will haggle over a fraction of a cent. Women are held in great respect, and the men make decisions on the advice of their women."[27]
Invasion of Bactria[edit]
In 124 BCE, the Yuezhi were apparently involved in a war against the Parthians, in which the Parthian king Artabanus I of Parthia was wounded and died:
- "During the war against the Tochari, he (Artabanus) was wounded in the arm and died immediately" (Justin, Epitomes, XLII,2,2: "Bello Tochariis inlato, in bracchio vulneratus statim decedit").
Some time after 124 BCE, possibly disturbed by further incursions of rivals from the north and apparently vanquished by the Parthian king Mithridates II, successor to Artabanus, the Yuezhi moved south to Bactria. Bactria had been conquered by the Greeks under Alexander the Great in 330 BCE and since settled by the Hellenistic civilization of the Seleucids and the Greco-Bactrians for two centuries.
This event is recorded in Classical Greek sources, when Strabo presented them as a Scythian tribe and explained that the Tokhari—together with the Assianis, Passianis and Sakaraulis—took part in the destruction of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom in the second half of the 2nd century BCE:
- "Most of the Scythians, beginning from the Caspian Sea, are called Dahae Scythae, and those situated more towards the east Massagetae and Sacae; the rest have the common appellation of Scythians, but each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomads. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Jaxartes, opposite the Sacae and Sogdiani." (Strabo, 11-8-1)
The last Greco-Bactrian king, Heliocles I, retreated and moved his capital to the Kabul Valley. The eastern part of Bactria was occupied by Pashtun people.
Commercial relations with China also flourished, as many Chinese missions were sent throughout the 1st century BCE: "The largest of these embassies to foreign states numbered several hundred persons, while even the smaller parties included over 100 members ... In the course of one year anywhere from five to six to over ten parties would be sent out." (Shiji, trans. Burton Watson).
The Hou Hanshu also records the visit of Yuezhi envoys to the Chinese capital in 2 BCE, who gave oral teachings on Buddhist sutras to a student, suggesting that some Yuezhi already followed the Buddhist faith during the 1st century BCE (Baldev Kumar (1973)).
A later Chinese annotation in Shiji made by Zhang Shoujie during the early 8th century, quoting Wan Zhen's s (萬震) Strange Things from the Southern Region (Nanzhouzhi (南州志), a now-lost third-century text of from the Wu kingdom), describes the Kushans as living in the same general area north of India, in cities of Greco-Roman style, and with sophisticated handicraft. The quotes are dubious, as Wan Zhen probably never visited the Yuezhi kingdom through the Silk Road, though he might have gathered his information from the trading ports in the coastal south.[28] The Chinese never adopted the term Guishuang and continued to call them Yuezhi:
- "The Great Yuezhi [Kushans] is located about seven thousand li (about 3000 km) north of India. Their land is at a high altitude; the climate is dry; the region is remote. The king of the state calls himself "son of heaven". There are so many riding horses in that country that the number often reaches several hundred thousand. City layouts and palaces are quite similar to those of Daqin (the Roman empire). The skin of the people there is reddish white. People are skilful at horse archery. Local products, rarities, treasures, clothing, and upholstery are very good, and even India cannot compare with it."[29]
Expansion into the Hindu-Kush[edit]
The area of the Hindu-Kush (Paropamisade) was ruled by the western Indo-Greek king until the reign of Hermaeus (reigned c. 90 BCE–70 BCE). After that date, no Indo-Greek kings are known in the area, which was probably[original research?] overtaken by the neighbouring Yuezhi, who had been in relation with the Greeks for a long time. According to Bopearachchi, no trace of Indo-Scythian occupation (nor coins of major Indo-Scythian rulers such as Maues or Azes I) have been found in the Paropamisade and western Gandhara.
As they had done in Bactria with their copying of Greco-Bactrian coinage, the Yuezhi copied the coinage of Hermeaus on a vast scale, up to around 40 CE, when the design blends into the coinage of the Kushan king Kujula Kadphises. Such coins provide the earliest names of presumed Yuezhi princes, Sapadbizes (probably a yabgu's prince of Yuezhi confederation[original research?]) and Agesiles, both around 20 BCE.
Kushan Empire[edit]
By the end of the 1st century BCE, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi, the Guishuang (貴霜, origin of name Kushan adopted in the West), managed to take control of the Yuezhi confederation. From that point, the Yuezhi extended their control over the northwestern area of the Indian subcontinent, founding the Kushan Empire, which was to rule the region for several centuries. The Yuezhi came to be known as Kushan among Western civilizations; however, the Chinese kept calling them Yuezhi throughout their historical records over a period of several centuries.
The Yuezhi/Kushans expanded to the east during the 1st century CE to found the Kushan Empire. The first Kushan emperor, Kujula Kadphises, ostensibly associated himself with Hermaeus on his coins, suggesting that he may[citation needed] have been one of his descendants by alliance, or at least wanted to claim his legacy.
The unification of the Yuezhi tribes and the rise of the Kushan are documented in the Chinese Historical chronicle, the Hou Hanshu:
- "More than a hundred years later, the xihou (Ch:翖侯, "Allied Prince") of Guishuang (Badakhshan and the adjoining territories north of the Oxus), named Qiujiu Que (Ch: 丘就卻, Kujula Kadphises) attacked and exterminated the four other xihou ("Allied Princes"). He set himself up as king of a kingdom called Guishuang (Kushan). He invaded Anxi (Parthia) and took the Gaofu (Ch:高附, Kabul) region. He also defeated the whole of the kingdoms of Puda (Ch: 濮達) and Jibin (Ch: 罽賓, Kapiśa-Gandhāra). Qiujiu Que (Kujula Kadphises) was more than eighty years old when he died.
- "His son, Yan Gaozhen (Ch:閻高珍) (Vima Takto), became king in his place. He returned and defeated Tianzhu (Northwestern India) and installed a General to supervise and lead it. The Yuezhi then became extremely rich. All the kingdoms call [their king] the Guishuang (Kushan) king, but the Han call them by their original name, Da Yuezhi." (Hou Hanshu, trans. John Hill,[30][31]).
The Yuezhi/Kushan integrated Buddhism into a pantheon of many deities and became great promoters of Mahayana Buddhism, and their interactions with Greek civilization helped the Gandharan culture and Greco-Buddhism flourish.
During the 1st and 2nd century, the Kushan Empire expanded militarily to the north and occupied parts of the Tarim Basin, their original grounds, putting them at the center of the lucrative Central Asian commerce with the Roman Empire. When the Han Dynasty desired to advance north, Emperor Wu sent the explorer Zhang Qian to see the kingdoms to the west and to ally with the Yuezhi people, in order to fight the Xiongnu Mongol tribe. The Yuezhi continued to collaborate militarily with the Chinese against nomadic incursion, particularly with the Chinese general Ban Chao against the Sogdians in 84 CE when the latter were trying to support a revolt by the king of Kashgar. Around 85 CE,[citation needed] they also assisted the Chinese general in an attack on Turpan, east of the Tarim Basin.
In recognition of their support to the Chinese, the Kushans requested, but were denied, a Han princess, even after they had sent presents to the Chinese court. In retaliation, they marched on Ban Chao in 86 CE with a force of 70,000 but, exhausted by the expedition, were finally defeated by the smaller Chinese force. The Kushans retreated and paid tribute to the Chinese Empire during the reign of the Chinese emperor Han He (89-106).
About 120 CE, Kushan troops installed Chenpan—a prince who had been sent as a hostage to them and had become a favorite of the Kushan Emperor—on the throne of Kashgar, thus expanding their power and influence in the Tarim Basin,[32] and introduced the Brahmi script, the Indian Prakrit language for administration, and Greco-Buddhist art, which developed into Serindian art.
Benefiting from this territorial expansion, the Yuezhi/Kushans were among the first to introduce Buddhism to northern and northeastern Asia, by direct missionary efforts and the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese. Major Yuezhi missionaries and translators included Lokaksema and Dharmaraksa, who went to China and established translation bureaus, thereby being at the center of the Silk Road transmission of Buddhism.[citation needed]
The Chinese kept referring to the Kushans as Da Yuezhi throughout the centuries. In the Sanguozhi (三國志, chap. 3), it is recorded that in 229 CE, "The king of the Da Yuezhi, Bodiao 波調 (Vasudeva I), sent his envoy to present tribute, and His Majesty (Emperor Cao Rui) granted him the title of King of the Da Yuezhi Intimate with the Wei (魏) (Ch: 親魏大月氏王, Qīn Wèi Dà Yuèzhī Wáng)."
The Sassanids extended their dominion into Bactria during the reign of Ardashir I around 230 CE.
See also[edit]
- ^ a b c Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II. Translated from the Shiji of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan", Columbia University Press. Revised Edition. ISBN 0-231-08166-9; ISBN 0-231-08167-7 (pbk.), p. 234.
- ^ Hulsewé, A.F.P. and Loewe, M.A.N. China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 B.C.-A.D. 23: An Annotated Translation of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. Leiden. E. J. Birll. 1979. ISBN 90-04-05884-2, pp. 119-120.
- ^ Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II. Translated from the Shiji of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan," Columbia University Press. Revised Edition. ISBN 0-231-08166-9; ISBN 0-231-08167-7 (pbk.), p. 234.
- ^ Hansen, Valerie (2012). The Silk Road: A New History. Oxford University Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-19-993921-3.
- ^ Runion, Meredith L. (2007). The history of Afghanistan. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-313-33798-7. "The Yuezhi people conquered Bactria in the second century B.C.E. and divided the country into five chiefdoms, one of which would become the Kushan Empire. Recognizing the importance of unification, these five tribes combined under the one dominate Kushan tribe, and the primary rulers descended from the Yuezhi."
- ^ Liu, Xinrui (2001). Adas, Michael, ed. Agricultural and pastoral societies in ancient and classical history. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-56639-832-9.
- ^ Kangxi Dictionary: Yue: ...definition list... also a country outside China. (Source: Book of Han, Huo Qubing Biography. Finally reached the small Yuezhi) (月: 又外國名。《前漢·霍去病傳》遂臻小月氏。)
- ^ Les Saces: Les « Scythes » d'Asie. VIIIe siècle av. J.-C.−IVe siècle apr. J.-C. (2006) Iaroslav Lebedynsky. Editions Errance, Paris, pp. 240-247
- ^ The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. J. P. Mallory and Victor H. Mair. Thames & Hudson. London. (2000), pp. 98-99; 280-283. See also: pp. 333-334.
- ^ History of civilizations of Central Asia, volume III: Zhang Guang-da, "The city-states of the Tarim Basin, p. 284
- ^ Liu Jianguo (2004). Distinguishing and Correcting the pre-Qin Forged Classics. Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Press. ISBN 7-224-05725-8. pp. 115–127.
- ^ "Les Saces", Iaroslav Lebedynsky, ISBN 2-87772-337-2, p. 59.
- ^ Liu (2001), pp. 267–268.
- ^ Xinru Liu, The Silk Road in World History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 4.
- ^ Liu, Xinru (2010). The Silk Road in World History. Oxford. pp. 3–4.
- ^ Liu Xinru, "Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies," Journal of World History 12, no. 2, p. 268 [1]
- ^ "The strange creatures of the Shanhai jing: (...) we find recorded north of the territory of the "fish dragons" the land of the Whites (Bai), whose bodies are white and whose long hair falls on their shoulders." Such a description could correspond well to a Europoid population beyond the frontiers of ancient China and some scholars have identified these Whites as Yuezhi." The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. J. P. Mallory and Victor H. Mair. Thames & Hudson. London. (2000), p. 55.
- ^ Jacobson, Esther (1993). The Deer Goddess of Ancient Siberia: A Study in the Ecology of Belief. Volume 55 of Studies in the History of Religions (illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 6. ISBN 9004096280. "The most western of the Early Nomads' relatives and those most familiar to the modern observer were Scythians. They are believed to have arrived in the lands of the Caucasus, the Crimea, and the rich steppe north of the Black Sea by the sixth century B.C. ... In the late years of the first millennium B.C., the successors to the Early Nomads and Sakas served as the vehicles for the transformation of Eurasian nomadism into statehood. The Xiongnu of Mongolia gathered an array of nomadic peoples together into a confederation which became the major geopolitical opponent of the Chinese Han Dynasty. In the same period, the second and first centuries B.C., the Yuezhi established hegemony over the vital steppe region west of the borders of Han China and extending through Bactria to the borders of India. Indeed, after their conversion to Buddhism, the Yuezhi- by then known as the Kushans- proceeded to conquer India and to establish the great Kushan Dynasty. Despite these political transformations and despite significant distinctions in language and physical anthropology between the Xiongnu and their Early Nomadic relatives, they as well as the Yuezhi/Kushans may properly be considered to have belonged to the larger Scytho-Siberian culture."
- ^ a b Benjamin, Craig. "The Yuezhi Migration and Sodia". Transxoiana.org. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
- ^ Chavannes (1907) "Les pays d'occident d'après le Heou Han chou". T'oung pao, ser.2:8, p. 189, n. 1.
- ^ Chandra Sagar, Khrisna (1992). Foiegn Influence on Ancient India. New Dehli: Northern Book Centre. p. 119. ISBN 81-7211-028-6.
- ^ Bernard, P. (1994a): "Alexander and his successors in Central Asia." In: History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250, pp. 88-97. Harmatta, János, ed., 1994. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
- ^ Silk Road, North China, C. Michael Hogan, The Megalithic Portal, editor A. Burnham
- ^ Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II. Translated from the Shiji of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan", Columbia University Press. Revised Edition. ISBN 0-231-08166-9; ISBN 0-231-08167-7 (pbk.), pp. 2231-252.
- ^ Hill (2004), pp. 29, 318-350
- ^ Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II. Translated from the Shiji of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan", Columbia University Press. Revised Edition. ISBN 0-231-08166-9; ISBN 0-231-08167-7 (pbk.), p. 235.
- ^ Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II. Translated from the Shiji of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan", Columbia University Press. Revised Edition. ISBN 0-231-08166-9; ISBN 0-231-08167-7 (pbk.), p. 245.
- ^ Yu Taishan (2nd Edition 2003). A Comprehensive History of Western Regions. Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou Guji Press. ISBN 7-5348-1266-6.
- ^ References and quote (Note 36)
- ^ Hill (2009), pp. 28-29.
- ^ 後百餘歲,貴霜翕候丘就卻攻滅四翕候,自立為王,國號貴霜王。侵安息,取高附地。又滅濮達、罽賓,悉有其國。丘就卻年八十餘死,子閻膏珍代為王。復滅天竺,置將一人監領之。月氏自此之後,最為富盛,諸國稱之皆曰貴霜王。漢本其故號,言大月氏云。Hanshu, 96 [2]
- ^ Hill (2009), pp. 14, 43.
Reference sources[edit]
- Beckwith, Christopher (2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2.
- Dorn'eich, Chris M. (2008). Chinese sources on the History of the Niusi-Wusi-Asi(oi)-Rishi(ka)-Arsi-Arshi-Ruzhi and their Kueishuang-Kushan Dynasty. Shiji 110/Hanshu 94A: The Xiongnu: Synopsis of Chinese original Text and several Western Translations with Extant Annotations. Berlin. To read or download go to: [3]
- Hill, John E. (2003). The Peoples of the West from the Weilüe 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE. Draft annotated English translation.
- Hill, John E. (2009). Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
- Liu, Xinru (2001). Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan. Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies in: Journal of World History, 12 (No. 2), p. 261–292.
- Mallory, J. P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000). The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
- Mallory, James (2006). The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indoeuropean and the Proto-Indoeuropean world. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-929668-5.
- Sima Qian. Records of the Great Historian, Han Dynasty II, translated by Burton Watson, Revised edition (1993) Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08167-7.
- Ricket, W.A. (1998). Guanzi: Political, Economic, and Philosophic Essays from Early China. Vol.II. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Roux, Jean-Paul (1997). L'Asie Centrale, Histoire et Civilization (French), Fayard, ISBN 978-2-213-59894-9.
- Yap, Joseph P. (2009). Wars With The Xiongnu, A Translation From Zizhi tongjian Chapters 2 & 4, AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4490-0604-4.
External links[edit]
- The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu, trans. John Hill
- Linguistic analysis of the connection between Yuezhi and Kushan
- Overview of Xiongnu history and their wars with the Yuezhi
- Craig Benjamin on Yuezhi migrations
- Kasim Abdullaev on Yuezhi migrations in Central Asia
- Lokesh Chandra on Yuezhi translators
- Yuezhi Sapadbizes coins
- Yuezhi Agesiles coins
- On-line Version of the Guanzi.
- Downloadable article: "Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age" Li et al. BMC Biology 2010, 8:15. [4]


text:
The 10 Commandments of Logical Fallacies.
1. Thou shall not attack the person's character, but the argument. (Ad hominem)
2. Thou shall not misrepresent or exaggerate a person's argument in order to make them easier to attack. (Straw man fallacy)
3. Thou shall not use small numbers to represent the whole. (Hasty generalization)
4. Thou shall not argue thy position by assuming one of its premises is true. (Begging the question)
5. Thou shall not claim that because something occurred before, it must be the cause. (Post Hoc/False cause)
6. Thou shall not reduce the argument down to two possibilities. (False dichotomy)
7. Thou shall not argue that because of our ignorance, claim must be true or false. (Ad ignorantum)
8. Thou shall not lay the burden of proof onto him that is questioning the claim. (Burden of proof reversal)
9. Thou shall not assume "this" follows "that" when it has no logical connection. (Non sequitur)
10. Thou shall not claim that because a premise is popular, therefore it must be true. (Bandwagon fallacy)
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