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Sammendrag: | The Arctic marine ecosystem is characterized by strong seasonality and a short but productive period of primary production in the spring when the ice breaks up. Calanus glacialis is one of the key links between primary producers and higher trophic levels, and it is adapted to the strong seasonality by life cycle traits such as; seasonal vertical migration, diapausing, reproduction in the spring and extensive energy storage. The timing of these events will have consequences for the success of C. glacialis and also for the energy available at higher trophic levels. The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge about these key life history traits with focus on the role of lipid accumulation, seasonal vertical migration and the transfer of energy from primary producers through Calanus, to higher trophic levels, such as seabirds and seals. Lipid accumulation and seasonal vertical migration of C. glacialis were studied in the Amundsen Gulf, in the Canadian Arctic (Paper I) and in Svalbard waters (Paper II and III). The transfer of energy to higher trophic levels was studied by comparing the fatty acid composition of predators to that of their prey and by using stable isotope analysis to calculate their trophic level. We analyzed five seabird species from Kongsfjorden; Little auk (Alle alle), Brünnich's guillemot (Uria lomvia), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) and Glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) (Paper IV) as well as harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) and hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) from the West Ice (Paper V). The timing of the ascent of C. glacialis during spring, the match of reproduction with the primary production as well as the length of the primary production period determines the development of offspring , the overwintering stage the following winter, and hence the length of the life cycle. The shorter the period of primary production, the more important is the match between reproduction and bloom. Ice algae may fuel early maturation of the females and prolong the reproductive period. In the Amundsen Gulf, C. glacialis ascended to the surface water in time to feed on the ice algae bloom, but since CIII was the main overwintering stage, the ice algae fuelled development of CIII which could develop to females that possibly could spawn during the summer. The life history trait of accumulating energy in form of lipids is an adaptation of Calanus to the large seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations in food availability, and the lipids represent an effective transfer of energy up the food chain. High levels of the Calanus markers 20:1n9 and 22:1n11 in the seabirds Little auk, Black-legged kittiwake and Northern fulmar from Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, indicate that these seabirds are part of the Calanus based food web (Paper IV). Harp seals and hooded seals (Paper V) showed considerably overlap in diet, but the fatty acid composition of harp seals originated from a diatom–Calanus based food web, while the fatty acids of hooded seals originated from a food web based on dinoflagellates and the prymnosiophyte Phaeocystis pouchetii. To conclude, the diatom–Calanus food chain is an important driver for the high latitude pelagic arctic food web. The match between timing of primary production, either as ice algae or phytoplankton bloom, and the timing of reproduction of C. glacialis is crucial for the accumulation of lipids in Calanus may have consequences for the energy available for higher trophic levels. |
Beskrivelse: | Papers 1,3,4 and 5 of this thesis are not available in Munin: 1. Wold A, Darnis G, Søreide JE, Leu E, Philippe B, Fortier L, Poulin M, Kattner G, Graeve M and Falk-Petersen S: 'Life strategy and diet of Calanus glacialis during the winterspring transition in Amundsen Gulf, southeastern Beaufort Sea' Polar Biology (2011) 34:1929-1946. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1062-6 3. Wold A, Leu E, Walkusz W and Falk-Petersen S: 'Lipids in copepodite stages of Calanus glacialis', Polar Biology (2007) 30:655-658. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-006-0233-3 4. Wold A, Jæger I, Hop H, Geir Wing Gabrielsen GW and Falk-Petersen S: 'Arctic seabird food chains explored by fatty acid composition and stable isotopes in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard', Polar Biology (2011) 34:1147-1155. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-0975-4 5. Falk-Petersen S, Haug T, Hop H, Nilssen KT and Wold A: 'Transfer of lipids from plankton to blubber of harp and hooded seals off East Greenland', Deep-Sea Research II (2009) 56:2080-2086. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.11.020 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4152 |
Sammendrag: | Insidensen av livmorhalskreft i regionen er blant verdens høyeste. Kontinentet er hardt rammet av HIV/AIDS, og da denne sykdommen medfører smitte av andre og flere typer onkogene HPV, samt raskere progresjon av dysplasi, vanskeliggjør dette arbeidet med å få ned nye krefttilfeller. Videre viser studier generelt manglende kunnskap om livmorhalskreft i befolkningen, også blant velutdannende og urbane kvinner. Det mangler også kunnskap om screeningmuligheter. Dette gjelder også for helsepersonell. På den andre siden finnes få eller ingen organiserte screeningprogram, og der behandling kan tilbys er denne ofte inadekvat. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3746 |
Sammendrag: | Background: Data concerning incidence and prevalence of cancer in the different regions of Russia have traditionally not been provided on a basis that facilitated comparison with data from countries in western parts of Europe. The oncological hospital in Arkhangelsk, in co-operation with Universitetet i Tromsø (Norway), has established a population based cancer registry for Arkhangelskaja Oblast (AO). AO is an administrative unit with 1.3 million inhabitants in northwestern Russia. The aim of this investigation was to assess the content and quality of the AO cancer registry (AKR), and to present the site-specific cancer-incidence rates in AO in the period 1993–2001. Methods: The population in this study consisted of all individuals registered as residents of AO. All new cancer cases in the period 1993 – 2001, registered the AKR, were included in the study (ICD-10: C00-C95, except for C77-78). The annual gender and age-group-specific population figures were obtained from the AO statistics office. Results: A total of 34 697 cases of primary cancers were included. The age-adjusted (world standard) incidence rate for all sites combined was 164/100 000 for women and 281/100 000 for men. The highest incidence was for cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung (16.3% of all cases), whereof 88.6 % of the cases were among men. Among women, cancer of the breast constituted 15.9 percent of all cases. The age-adjusted incidences of the most frequent cancer sites among men were: lung (77.4/100 000); stomach (45.9); rectum (13.4); oesophagus (13.0); colon (12.2); bladder (11.6); and prostate cancer (11.1). Among women they were: breast (28.5); stomach (19.7); colon (12.2); and ovary cancer (9.0). Conclusion: Our findings confirm and strengthen the indication that the incidences of stomach, larynx, liver, pancreas, prostate, colon, bladder and melanoma cancer are quite different in male populations in Russia compared to many other European countries. Among women, most major cancer types, except stomach, appear to be relatively low in Russian populations. The AKR provides quality data for estimations and insight to the cancer incidence in a northern Russian population, and we consider the reported incidence rates to reflect the cancer situation in AO well. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1127 |
Sammendrag: | BACKGROUND: Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are significant components of solid malignancies and play central roles in cancer sustainability, invasion and metastasis. In this study we have investigated the invasive capacity and matrix remodelling properties of human lung CAFs after exposure to ablative doses of ionizing radiation (AIR), equivalent to single fractions delivered by stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SART) for medically inoperable stage-I/II non-small-cell lung cancers. METHODS: CAFs were isolated from lung tumour specimens from 16 donors. Initially, intrinsic radiosensitivity was evaluated by checking viability and extent of DNA-damage response (DDR) at different radiation doses. The migrative and invasive capacities of CAFs were thereafter determined after a sub-lethal single radiation dose of 18 Gy. To ascertain the mechanisms behind the altered invasive capacity of cells, expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs) were measured in the conditioned media several days post-irradiation, along with expression of cell surface integrins and dynamics of focal contacts by vinculin-staining. RESULTS: Exposing CAFs to 1x18 Gy resulted in a potent induction of multiple nuclear DDR foci (>9/cell) with little resolution after 120 hours, induced premature cellular senescence and inhibition of the proliferative, migrative and invasive capacity. AIR promoted MMP-3 and inhibited MMP-1 appearance to some extent, but did not affect expression of other major MMPs. Furthermore, surface expression of integrins α2, β1 and α5 was consistently enhanced, and a dramatic augmentation and redistribution of focal contacts was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that ablative doses of radiation exert advantageous inhibitory effects on the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacity of lung CAFs. The reduced motility of irradiated CAFs might be a consequence of stabilized focal contacts via integrins. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4935 |
Sammendrag: | This paper discusses if place names can be used to construct and express identity, with a focus on the Norwegian names of farms and parishes. Since the Norwegian Place Name Act came into existence in 1991, the many appeals in regard to official spellings as decided by the authorities give clear indication that Norwegians have different opinions of how the names of farms and parishes should be spelled compared to names referring to natural features. Many people prefer the spelling of names of natural features to be as close as possible to the dialectal pronunciation, whereas they prefer older, often ornamental spellings or spellings which differ from the pronunciation when it comes to the names of farms and parishes. This paper looks at the reasons for these attitudes towards the spelling of place names, and is highlighted by some theory pertaining to language and identity. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4950 |
Sammendrag: | We evaluated the performance of the new 4-tiered melanoma-specific graded prognostic assessment (GPA) score and the previously published general GPA score in patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma managed with different approaches including best supportive care. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 51 patients. Compared with the original analysis of the melanoma-specific GPA score, these patients were more representative of the general population of patients with brain metastases from this disease. The present data confirmed that both scores identify patients with favorable prognosis who might be candidates for focal treatments. However, survival in the 2 unfavorable prognostic subgroups defined by the melanoma-specific GPA was not significantly different. Median survival in the melanoma-specific GPA classes was 3.1, 3.7, 7.5, and 12.7 months. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and serum lactatdehydrogenase (LDH) level significantly predicted survival. In order to select the right patient to the right treatment and avoid overtreatment and suboptimal resource utilization in patients with very limited survival, improved prognostic tools are needed. The melanoma-specific GPA does not include extracranial disease extent or surrogate markers such as LDH. We suggest that a combination of KPS <70 and elevated LDH might better predict short survival than any of the GPA scores. This hypothesis should be confirmed in larger studies. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3950 |
Sammendrag: | Forskjellen i life expectancy at birth mellom kjønn varierer fra land til land og i de fleste tilfellene så lever kvinner lengre enn menn. Det globale gjennomsnittet er på ca 7% lengre levetid for kvinner enn menn, men man har forskjeller som er helt opp i 23%. Det finnes etablerte hypoteser på hvorfor kvinner lever lengre enn menn og i denne oppgaven vil jeg se på hvordan sosiale og strukturelle variabler påvirker disse og kjønns forskjellene i life expectancy at birth. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4638 |
Sammendrag: | Background: Because mobile telephones may support video calls, emergency medical dispatchers may now connect visually with bystanders during pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We studied the quality of simulated dispatcher-assisted CPR when guidance was delivered to rescuers by video calls or audio calls from mobile phones. Methods: One hundred and eighty high school students were randomly assigned in groups of three to communicate via video calls or audio calls with experienced nurse dispatchers at a Hospital Emergency Medical Dispatch Center. CPR was performed on a recording resuscitation manikin during simulated cardiac arrest. Quality of CPR and time factors were compared depending on the type of communication used. Results: The median CPR time without chest compression ('hands-off time') was shorter in the video-call group vs. the audio-call group (303 vs. 331 s; P50.048), but the median time to first compression was not shorter (104 vs. 102 s; P50.29). The median time to first ventilation was insignificantly shorter in the video-call group (176 vs. 205 s; P50.16). This group also had a slightly higher proportion of ventiliations without error (0.11 vs. 0.06; P50.30). Conclusion: Video communication is unlikely to improve telephone CPR (t-CPR) significantly without proper training of dispatchers and when using dispatch protocols written for audio-only calls. Improved dispatch procedures and training for handling video calls require further investigation. |
Beskrivelse: | Denne artikkelen er en del av doktorgradsavhandlingen til Stein Roar Bolle. Avhandlingen finnes i Munin http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3597 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3598 |
Sammendrag: | In persons with Multiple sclerosis (MS) low bone mineral density (BMD) is more prevalent when compared with healthy controls and MS may be a possible cause of secondary osteoporosis. BMD is primarily determined by genetic and hormonal factors, body mass index, physical activity and intake of calcium and vitamin D. Vitamin D level at 50 nmol/L or higher is classified as sufficient, however, optimal vitamin D level for bone health is according to many experts at least 75 nmol/L. In this 96 week randomized controlled clinical trial, we aimed to asses whether a weekly dose of 20,000 IU vitamin D3 could prevent bone loss in fully ambulatory persons with MS age 18-50 years. 71 persons with MS where randomized to receive either a weekly dose of 20,000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo. Half of the study participants had sufficient winter vitamin D levels (50 nmol/l) at study start and the level was strongly predicted by sun exposure through sun vacation or solarium and by vitamin D intake. All participants in the vitamin D group achieved sufficient winter vitamin D levels and levels of 75 nmol/L or higher were achieved by 91% of the participants. BMD was lower than expected in 25% of the participants at screening and BMD at the hip decreased by 1% in the whole study population. There was no significant difference between the groups. Several studies have shown that in persons with MS, BMD decreases as disability increasingly limits physical activity and progressing physical handicap also increases the risk of falls and fractures. Even though this small study could not prove any effect of vitamin D supplementation on BMD loss, intake of vitamin D is an important factor in preventing osteoporosis. In order to achieve adequate vitamin D levels, MS patients who have no vitamin D efficient sun exposure and low dietary vitamin D intake during the winter months should take vitamin D supplements. |
Beskrivelse: | Papers 1 and 3 of this thesis are not available in Munin: 1. Steffensen LH, Mellgren SI and Kampman MT: 'Predictors and prevalence of low bone mineral density in fully ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis', Journal of Neurology (2010), vol. 257(3):410-418. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-5337-6 Steffensen LH, Mellgren SI and Kampman MT: 'Erratum to: Predictors and prevalence of low bone mineral density in fully ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis', Journal of Neurology (2010), vol. 257(3):497-498. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5470-2 3. Steffensen L.H, Brustad M and Kampman M.T.: 'What is needed to keep persons with multiple sclerosis vitamin D-sufficient throughout the year?', Journal of Neurology (2013), vol. 260(1):182-188. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-012-6611-6 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4740 |
Sammendrag: | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a possible cause of secondary osteoporosis. In this phase II trial we assessed whether a weekly dose of 20,000 IU vitamin D3 prevents bone loss in ambulatory persons with MS age 18–50 years. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT00785473. All patients managed at the University Hospital of North Norway who fulfilled the main inclusion criteria were invited to participate in this double-blinded trial. Participants were randomised to receive 20,000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo once a week and 500 mg calcium daily for 96 weeks. The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on percentage change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip, the spine, and the ultradistal radius over the study period. Of 71 participants randomised, 68 completed. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in the intervention group increased from 55 nmol/L at baseline to 123 nmol/L at week 96. After 96 weeks, percentage change in BMD did not differ between groups at any site. BMD decreased at the hip, by 1.4% in the placebo group (95% CI -2.3 to -0.4, SD 2.7, p = 0.006) and by 0.7% in the treatment group (-1.6 to 0.2, 2.7, p = 0.118), difference 0.7% (-1.9 to 0.7, p = 0.332). Findings were not altered by adjustment for sex or serum 25(OH)D. Supplementation with 20,000 IU vitamin D3 a week did not prevent bone loss in this small population. Larger studies are warranted to assess the effect of vitamin D on bone health in persons with MS. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/3956 |
Sammendrag: | Depending on the particular institutional and organizational set-up, different management tasks can be suitable for different forms of co-management arrangement. This thesis focuses on examining the possibility of implementing the marketing-oriented fisheries co-management in Lake Victoria (Tanzanian side) for Nile perch fisheries. The community-based organization BMU was selected as fisher's representative organization in order to investigate how it is possible to improve the fisher's market performance and reduce poverty in that fishing community. The findings of this study indicated that the globalization of Nile perch fishery has attracted number of actors to join the fishery and among of them are middlemen, processing plants and fishers themselves. The current first-hand sales system has greater contribution on poverty situation to the majority fishers and made few players benefits over resource, especially investors of the fish processing plants and the fish agents. The deliberate ignoring to identify and incorporate the problems, needs and opportunities that exist in the fishing communities under the co-management arrangement has made the fishers community less motivated in the participation of resource management activities. Fight for better fish prices and issuing of credits to fishers were the most prioritized first-hand sales activities that proposed by fishers community to be undertaken by the BMU organization. Capacity building for the BMU is highly needed in order for the organization to undertake its responsibilities efficiently and effectively. Theories used in this study include the poverty theory, co-management, SLA and middlemen theory. Key words: Co-management, first-hand sales, poverty, BMU's, Tanzania |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1428 |
Sammendrag: | ABSTRACT Absorption of water in concrete is often described by the simple linear water uptake vs. square-root-of-time law. However, a deviation from this behaviour is frequently seen depending on factors such as initial water content, water/binder ratio and specimen thickness. The deviation increases with thickness (typically from 25 to 100 mm) and is seen even for very dry specimens with capillary pores. We have applied Laplaces law for suction created under a curved meniscus between air and water to series of pipes with different lengths and radii. The resulting analytical model was first compared with numerical simulations at abrupt reduction or increase of pipe radius showing good agreement. Then a complete second order equation describing the relation between the capillary suction and the suction time was developed. Varying geometries of the pipes of the capillary system were investigated including the effects on the flow rate of varying combination of lengths, radii and sequence. The results showed that largest flow reductions occurred with very narrow sections causing a blocking, reducing the capillary flow rate vs. square root of time in the same manner as in concrete. The often observed phenomenon of reduced flow below the straight line water uptake vs. square root of time could be simulated with the multiple diameter pipe models, as seen by comparing simulations with experiments with varying concrete qualities and sample thicknesses in simple capillary absorption tests. Key-words: capillary suction, pipe geometry, model |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5114 |
Sammendrag: | Stable isotope analysis has been used to examine marine food webs since the 1980s and has become a valuable tool for studying carbon sources and trophic structures in benthic food chains in the Arctic. Prior to the present study, no one has used stabile isotope analysis to test for a difference in the main carbon source or trophic structure along a depth gradient in the Arctic. Carbon sources (pelagic POM, sediment POM and macroalgae) and consumers (benthic filter feeders, deposit feeders, grazers, scavengers and predators and grazing zooplankton) were collected from Isfjorden, Svalbard, at depths ranging from 0 – 400 m. There was a big overlap in both δ13C and δ15N for most of the carbon sources sampled, making it difficult to identify one single food source to any of the depths. Most benthic primary consumers (filter-feeding bivalves and grazers) were enriched in δ13C relative to pelagic POM, sediment POM and the brown algae Chorda filum at all depths. Most primary consumers fell in between the fractionation rates of the two groups of brown algae (filter-feeding bivalves), or were enriched in δ13C relative to the isotopically lightest carbon source sampled in this study (grazers). This suggests that a) a mixture of multiple carbon sources constitute the diets of most primary consumers, and possibly the entire benthic food web, and b) the benthic primary consumers utilize one or more carbon sources not sampled in this study.The δ15N among primary consumers varied somewhat between stations, but this was not reflected higher up in the food chain. The biggest difference in δ15N was found for the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus sp., which is likely caused by different feeding strategies among specimens inhabiting shallow and deep waters. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/5505 |
Sammendrag: | The very positive effect of hydrogels on wounds and enhanced wound healing process has been proven. Hydrogels provide a warm, moist environment for wound that makes it heal faster in addition to their useful mucoadhesive properties. Moreover, hydrogels can be used as carriers for liposomes containing variety of drugs, such as antimicrobial drugs. This will provide a depot release of drug to the wound bed. In order to optimize the liposomal hydrogel formulation, texture properties responsible for the retention of gel on the wound, need to be well characterized. Characterizing the behaviour of Carbopol hydrogels by texture analyser as described in this Thesis is a new method. As a first step, we evaluated the effects of each parameter used in texture analysis in order to establish reproducible measuring conditions. Behaviour of Carbopol Ultrez 10 hydrogels was studied in regard to the polymer concentration and pH of the gel. Accelerated stability tests were conducted for both Carbopol gels and liposomal Carbopol gels. Chloramphenicol was used as a drug model to be entrapped in liposomes and its release from liposomal hydrogels was studied. Carbopol hydrogels are stable formulations and easy to produce. Their texture properties are affected by the pH values of the gel. Accelerated stability indicated that the attention needs to be given to the gel composition. When incorporating liposomal dispersions, there is a limit of proportion of the dispersion which could be incorporated without affecting the original properties of the gel. Liposomal Carbopol hydrogels show potential to be used as drug delivery system. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2755 |
Sammendrag: | I studiene har vi undersøkt hjerteceller og isolerte hjerter under forhold som ligner på hjerteinfarkt. Denne kunnskapen brukte vi videre til å redusere hjerteinfarkt på rottehjerter. Vi har sett på effekten av hjerteinfarkt på mitokondrier og spesielle kanaler i hjertet som heter gap junctions og halvkanaler. Vi har vist at ved å holde spesielle halvkanaler lukket noen få minutter etter ett hjerteinfarkt reduseres hjerteinfarktet med ca 50 %. I samarbeid med en utenlandsk forskningsgruppe var vi de første i verden til å vise at gassen hydrogen sulfide i små mengder kunne redusere hjerteinfarkt størrelsen. Til tross for gode resultater i det eksperimentelle laboratorium gjenstår det fortsatt mye arbeid før vi kan implementere dette i pasienter. Den nye kunnskapen vi har kommet fram til er viktige for videre arbeid med å hjelpe pasienter som får akutte hjerteinfarkt, slik at de får bedre overlevelse og mindre risiko for kronisk hjertesykdom. |
Beskrivelse: | The papers of this article is not available in Munin: 1. David Johansen, Véronique Cruciani, Rune Sundset, Kirsti Ytrehus, Svein-Ole Mikalsen: 'Ischemia induces closure of gap junctional channels and opening of hemichannels in heartderived cells and tissue', Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (2011) vol. 28(1):103-14. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000331719 2. David Johansen, Kirsti Ytrehus, Gary Baxter: 'Exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against regional myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury--Evidence for a role of K ATP channels', Basic Research in Cardiology (2006), Vol. 101, No. 1:53-60. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00395-005-0569-9 3. David Johansen, Espen Sanden, Martin Hagve, Xi Chu, Rune Sundset, Kirsti Ytrehus: 'Heptanol triggers cardioprotection via mitochondrial mechanisms and mitochondrial potassium channel opening in rat hearts', Acta Physiologica (2011), (4):435-44. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02221.x 4. David Johansen, Espen Sanden, Svein-Ole Mikalsen, Kirsti Ytrehus: 'Pannexin 1, a new channel protein in cardiac mitochondria?' (manuscript) |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/4242 |
Sammendrag: | Background: Immediate start of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early
defibrillation have been highlighted as crucial for survival from cardiac arrest, but despite new
knowledge, new technology and massive personnel training the survival rates from in-hospital
cardiac arrest are still low. National guidelines recommend regular intervals of CPR training to
make all hospital personnel able to perform basic CPR till advanced care is available. This study
investigates CPR training, resuscitation experience and self-confidence in skills among hospital
personnel outside critical care areas.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at three Norwegian hospitals. Data on CPR training and CPR use were collected by self-reports from 361 hospital personnel. Results: A total of 89% reported training in CPR, but only 11% had updated their skills in accordance with the time interval recommended by national guidelines. Real resuscitation experience was reported by one third of the respondents. Both training intervals and use of skills in resuscitation situations differed among the professions. Self-reported confidence decreased only after more than two years since last CPR training. Conclusion: There is a gap between recommendations and reality in CPR training among hospital personnel working outside critical care areas. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2184 |
Sammendrag: | Testikkelkreft er den vanligste kreftformen blant unge menn, og >95 % blir i dag helbredet av sykdommen. Dermed er kunnskap om mulige seneffekter etter behandlingen viktig.
Avhandlingen "Cardiovascular risk factors and pulmonary function in long-term survivors of testicular cancer" ble forsvart for graden ph.d 24. april 2009. Takket være effektiv cytostatikabehandling som ble tatt i bruk på slutten av 70-tallet, er overlevelsen ved metastatisk testikkelkreft blitt betraktelig bedret de siste 30 årene. Standard behandling ved metastatisk testikkelkreft er i dag 3-4 kurer med cisplatin-basert kjemoterapi. Behandlingsmuligheter for pasienter med lokal sykdom er operasjon, stråleterapi eller kun en kjemoterapikur. Siden denne sykdommen primært rammer menn i 20- og 30-årene, og disse forventes å ha en nærmest normal levetid etter behandlingen, er det svært viktig å avklare om behandlingen kan føre til senbivirkninger. Vi har sett spesielt på risikofaktorer for kardiovaskulær sykdom og lungefunksjonen og om disse kan være relatert til noen av behandlingstypene. Avhandlingen er basert på en landsomfattende etterkontroll av norske menn som ble behandlet og kurert for testikkelkreft i perioden 1980-1994. Etterkontrollen ble utført ved fem universitetsklinikker i perioden 1998-2002, og bestod av et omfattende spørreskjema, klinisk undersøkelse ved kreftpoliklinikk inkludert måling av blodtrykk, vekt, høyde, blodprøver og spirometri. Totalt ble 1814 menn invitert til å delta, og av disse var det 1463 (81 %) som deltok. En kontrollgruppe bestående av menn uten tidligere testikkelkreft ble etablert gjennom Tromsøundersøkelsen. Vi fant ut at menn som tidligere var blitt behandlet med cisplatinbasert cytostatika, særlig i høye doser, hadde høyere forekomst av hypertensjon, fedme og metabolsk syndrom, både sammenlignet med menn som kun var behandlet med kirurgi og sammenlignet med kontroller. Menn behandlet med høye doser cisplatinbasert cytostatika og kombinasjonen cytostatika/lungekirurgi hadde redusert lungefunksjon sammenlignet med menn behandlet med kirurgi alene. Mennene som var blitt behandlet med cytostatika hadde også lavere nivåer av testosteron. Behandling med stråleterapi påvirket ikke kardiovaskulære risikofaktorer eller lungefunksjonen. |
Beskrivelse: | Paper 2 of the thesis is not available in Munin due to publisher's restrictions:
2. Haugnes HS, Aass N, Fosså SD, Dahl O, Klepp O, Wist EA, Svartberg J, Wilsgaard T, Bremnes RM.: 'Components of the metabolic syndrome in long-term survivors of testicular cancer.' Annals of Oncology 18:241-248, 2007 (Oxford University Press), available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdl372 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/1880 |
Sammendrag: | Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a common disease, with serious short- and long-term complications and a potential fatal outcome. Despite the knowledge of several inherited and acquired risk factors for VTE, still 30-50 % of the VTE events occur in the absence of obvious predisposing factors. Traditionally, arterial and venous thrombosis has been considered as separate disease entities with different pathology, epidemiology and treatments. However, recently this concept has been challenged, and a potential link between arterial cardiovascular disease and VTE has been suggested. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on the risk of VTE in a prospective population-based study. Subjects were recruited from the fourth survey of the Tromsø study, conducted in 1994-95. A total of 27 158 men and women, aged 25-97 years, participated. Incident VTE events were registered from the date of inclusion through the end of follow-up, September 1, 2007. In summary, age, male gender, obesity, mean platelet volume and family history of myocardial infarction were identified as risk factors for venous thrombosis, which makes these factors, shared risk factors for both arterial and venous thrombosis. Other traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as serum lipid levels, blood pressure, smoking and diabetes were not associated with risk of VTE. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome had higher risk of VTE, but this relationship was essentially dependent on the presence of abdominal obesity. Taken together, these findings imply that traditional atherosclerotic risk factors are not shared by arterial and venous thrombosis, and suggest that common determinants for arterial and venous thrombosis are probably related to mechanisms of thrombus formation. |
Beskrivelse: | The papers of the thesis are not available in Munin, due to publisher's restrictions:
1. Brækkan SK, Mathiesen EB, Njølstad I, Wilsgaard T, Størmer J, Hansen JB: 'Family history of myocardial infarction is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism – The Tromsø Study', Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2008, Nov; 6(11): 1851–1857 (Wiley-Blackwell). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03102.x 2. Borch KH, Brækkan SK, Mathiesen EB, Njølstad I, Wilsgaard T, Størmer J, Hansen JB: 'Abdominal obesity is essential for the risk of venous thromboembolism in the metabolic syndrome - the Tromsø study', Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2009 May; 7(5): 739-45. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03234.x 3. Brækkan SK, Borch KH, Mathiesen EB, Njølstad I, Wilsgaard T, Hansen JB: 'HDL-cholesterol and future risk of venous thromboembolism – The Tromsø Study', Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2009 Aug; 7(8): 1428-30. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03481.x 4. Brækkan SK, Mathiesen EB, Njølstad I, Wilsgaard T, Størmer J, Hansen JB: 'Mean platelet volume is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism – The Tromsø Study', Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2010 Jan; 8(1): 157-162. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03498.x |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2433 |
Beskrivelse: | Paper number 1 of the thesis is not available in Munin due to publishers restrictions. Papers 2,3 and 4 are manuscripts, and not available in Munin. 1. Dybwad, T.E.: "The Structural Validity of Daidalos: A measure of career maturity." Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 2008; 52(2): 135-152 (Taylor and Francis). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313830801915762 2. Dybwad, T.E.: "Career Maturity: A latent means and covariance structure analysis." Manuscript 3. Dybwad,T.E.: "A MACS approach to the study of work values." Manuscript 4. Dybwad,T.E.: "Dropout intentions and career uncertainty: A latent variable modelling approach to their prediction." Manuscript. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10037/2592 |
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On Wed, Sep 21, 2011 at 11:10 AM, lessthanamazing said:
First, my sincere condolences. I think on a human level, we can all empathize with the loss of a love one. It is a special kind of hurt. Second, (and also on a human level)...depending on whose back we're talking about here, I'm not sure I'd do *ANYTHING* to her back.
On Wed, Sep 21, 2011 at 8:13 AM, slyd said:
I am sad we don't get to see your dad rock out to Slayer. (hugs)
On Wed, Sep 21, 2011 at 8:08 AM, byrone said:

subset: commoncrawl


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Sorry we're not sorry, TIC owners -- the law applies to you, too
EDITORS NOTES People who rent apartments aren't second-class citizens. In fact, under San Francisco laws, they have (and ought to have) many of the same rights as the landed gentry.
If you rent a place in this city, and you pay the rent on time, and abide by the terms of the lease, you should be able to stay in your home (and yes, it IS your home) as long as you want. The rent can only go up by a modest amount every year.
Landlords know that when they enter into rental agreements. Accepting a tenant means acknowledging that the person may want to say in his or her apartment for years, maybe for life; the rent the landlord sets for that unit has to be adequate to cover a share of the mortgage, expected maintenance costs, and a reasonable return on the owner's investment.
When you buy a piece of rental property in the city, you are told that tenants live there; you're told what rent they pay, you're informed that you can't raise it much, and unless your utterly ignorant of local law, you realize that the tenants have, in effect, lifetime leases since you can only evict them for "just cause" — which does not include your desire to make more money.
If the numbers don't pencil out under those conditions, they you shouldn't buy the place.
That's how a sane rental housing system ought to operate. Unfortunately, the state Legislature has undermined local rent-control laws with the Ellis Act, which allows landlords to evict all their tenants, cease renting altogether, and turn the place into condominiums. Or, since there are limits on condo conversions in this city, into tenancies in common, which are not limited at all.
Sup. Scott Wiener wants to make it easier to turn TICs into condos; he says the poor TIC owners are having a tough time and can get better mortgage rates if they rules are changed. I don't feel bad for them; they knew the rules when they bought their TICs. They have no right to convert to condos; that's a privilege granted to a limited number each year, by waiting list and lottery. Buy a TIC? You should assume it will remain your ownership model for a long, long time.
The city can't stop the TIC conversions, but it can set ground rules — for example, local law mandates a payment to tenants who are evicted, which can reach $5,000. Sounds big — but it won't even pay two months' rent on a new place in this market.
SO let's be fair here: If you want to evict a tenant, who has and ought to have the right to a stable place to live, you should pay enough to make that person whole. Calculate market rent on a similar place; subtract the current rent the tenant is paying, and cover the difference — for, let's say, five years.
If that makes TICs too expensive, and thus lowers property values by making evictions difficult and keeping rents low, fine: Property values are too high in this town anyway. And if it means more stability for lower-income people at the expense of property owners ... well, I can live with that.
I think this is one of the most important info for me. And i'm glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The website style is ideal, the articles is really nice : D. Good job, cheers
can afford and will continue to afford to live in San Francisco under the existing rules, which most knew about when they moved into their apartments.
Likewise, TIC owners should have known the rules when they bought into their shared ownership properties. Instead, they are seeking an entitlement from the city, which will set a precedent for future changes to the condo conversion lottery system, creating incentives to convert rent-controlled apartments into TICs.
In this case, TIC owners, not rent-controlled tenants, are the ones who are whining.
could be Ellis'ed at any time. So, by your argument, they should not whine when that happens. Right?
It doesn't matter what happened in the past. The past is irrelevant. What's important is that SF rental housing units are worth far more as TICs and condos.
There are thousands of potential speculators who are willing to try to make easy money converting rental apartments to TICs and condos. If the city or state tries to enact reasonable regulations to prevent this or to slow down the process, there will be lawsuits filed saying that the regulations are an unconstitutional taking. The specualtors are likely to prevail since the laws and courts are set up to benefit the wealthy over the poor and powerless.
It's a brutal economic war of speculators verses tenants. Most politiicans would prefer not to get in the middle of it other than spouting a few platititudes such as, "it breaks my heart to see TIC owners and tenants fighting one another." Right.
And, indeed, the very use of the word "speculators" there is emotive and disingenuous.
What we have are some gross distortions in the rental market due to highly invasive local policies. Seeing that, the State legislature passed a law allowing any LL to Ellis and sell the building, thereby ensuring that the distortion does not become too unfair.
The Ellis Act does nothing more than put a statutory veneer on what was already a constitutional imperative i.e. that the government cannot "take" from a property owner.
The "highly invasive local policies" were enacted precisely because of rampant real estate speculation and exorbinant rent increases in the '60s and '70's. You should have been around then and you'd know a lot more about the city's history, although it wouldn't matter since you always distort reality to make your same condescending points anyway.
I think we're all foolish to respond to any of your posts since the viewpoints are pervasive in the halls of business and well-known by all. I've worked with many people like yourself who have made far more money from SF real estate speculation, primarily turning 2-4 unit buildings into condos and TICs, than they've made at their already oversized salaries. And they all seem to have the same degrading attitude towards San Francisco tenants (or the tenants in London, Brussels, Prague and Moscow, where I also met many real estate exploiters.) The local residents live in valuable downtown real estate but pay less than the current going price so they need to go. Who cares about their local churches, or their families, schools, friends, or work relationships. You increase your wealth on the displacement, nice and clean, and they move on.
and interest rates. Now we have very low inflation and interest rates so the situation was completely different.
The development of land into more highly-valued use is a hallmark of any advanced society, and the vast majority of people deem that as being in the public interest, which is why pro-growth politicans always win elections in the US, and even in SF.
Rent Control is a throwback to the times of very high inflation (and in NYC, to WW2). It is gradually eroding as no new RC units are being built, and thousands vanish every year. I suspect in a few years it will be repealed, or rendered moot at the State level, as it clearly acts in the interests of a few lifers and squatters, and against the interests of the majority.
I mean that's a taking if rent control is
while rent control affects existing enterprises.
Big difference, and only the latter is a "taking".
What zoning laws do is restrict new build which drives up housing costs for everyone.
I already think rent control is unconstitutional taking.
I already think rent control is unconstitutional taking.
a "taking". Somewhere in the text you will find a statement (always overlooked here) that a LL is entitled to a decent ROI. But for that, RC would be ruled unconstitutional and, indeed, some changes to RC have been rejected by the courts for exactly that reason.
This is why, for instance, LL's can passthru additional expenses to the TT via a petition at the RB. But for that, it would be a taking. Smart LL's passthru everything which, typically, can give you higher increases in rent than the allowable amounts.
There were no framers of RC. Voters had threatened to go to the ballot with strong rent control and then Fineswine swooped in from the right and imposed the system we have today, a right wing undercutting of what the people wanted.
Funny, had Fineswine not preempted and the voters approved strong rent control, that would probably have been thrown out by the courts as the judiciary has lurched libertarian-ward.
as a "taking", just as some amendments to RC have been. Politics is the art of the compromize, which is why you're a non-achieving "activist" rather than someone who gets thigns done.
RC was a historical accident due to the very high inflation of the 1970's. It has little applicability in the 2000's except to enable whiney wannabees to live somewhere they have no reasonable expectation of deserving.
RC rewards people who cling to their rental ratholes, and punishes those with ambition.
So Fineswine's vigor to "get out in front of it" was an example of un-zen politics. All she had to do was to let rent control advocates hang themselves on their own overreach and there would not have been rent control for decades. But, no....you all have nobody to blame but yourselves for this.
of voters to understand the more subtle arguments that rent control actually harms them. Most people don't think it thru.
But Mr Ellis has fixed the erro of Ms Feinstein and, in the grand cheme of things, it will not have made much difference to SF as it goes onward and upward despite such misguided attempts at social engineering and class warfare.
They just don't buy your crap that rent control hurts tenants.
Social engineering and class warfare. Is that the best you have?
Brain dead troll.
that rents are too high.
Climate change has been accelerating over that same three decade interval, I think that rents correlate directly to increase temperatures.
It makes them higher.
Argument by the waving of the hands is still argument by the waving of the hands.
Please, continue and explain to us how stupid the voters who did not understand Ed Lie's bait and switch are?
Because the runoff was about 60-40 Lee over Avalos.
to emloy forceful action when a Zen approach would actually be more effective.
This is a weakness to exploit.
Take the real-estate interests' meddling in the D1 race with their "Mar is from Mars" ad as an example: such reactionary over-dick tripping is to be encouraged. Might we profitably consider ways for them to become baited into it?
Everyone's at risk of falling victim to their own hubris.
opaque, obfuscated horsecrap here 24/7.
At least Eddie and Greg try to be logical and articulate in their hopelessly liberal pontifications.
I am not a liberal.
marcos seems to think I claimed that I claim only reactionaries are susceptible to overreach. A simple re-reading of my comment will reveal that marcos is wrong when he attempts to point out my error. As usual. What's up with that marcos?
Nah, illi, you going paranoid again, inferring that for which there was no implied basis.
and when he says "paranoid," he means pointing to his occasional nattering.
marcos, please try to keep it positive. It might be you are putting too much pressure on yourself here.
You remind me of Brian of Nazareth singing "always look on the bright side of life" as respects the impending crucifixion of progressives and neighborhoods of San Francisco politics on the altar of corporate dominance.
race? Oh, wait, he lost 60-40.
How about Walker in D6? The old crow was squashed.
David in D5? oops again.
Lee stood for mayor on a pro-growth, pro-development platform. Avalos stodd for the opposite. The voters overwhelmingly backed Lee. The voters want market-rate new build, not fossilized, unrenovated 100 year old rental shitholes with ageing losers squatting in them.
You think that the voters are idiots.
If they can't afford to meet the terms of their contacts, they should sell to people who can, not ask government to give them a windfall profit they have no right to expect
Saying a renter deserves a lifetime lease is just as ridiculous as saying any landlord has a life time tenant and you can never move out till you die. If you do move out you owe the landlord a lot of money for his trouble to find a new tenant.. Both positions are equally obscenely ridiculous.
shitty basement flat in their 20's and still cling to their hovel in their 50's, seeing that as some kind of weird "right".
Then they wonder why they get Ellis'ed.
Rent control is a special benefit San Francisco provides to over-educated, under-employed, aging, white people.
In other words, the SFBG core readership, which is why the SFBG cares so much about it.
If the benefit was going mostly to recent Chinese immigrants, the SFBG would barely notice.
1) The existing LL who just gets sick of the low returns, the hassle and the rules and regs. Ellis the building, sell it and get out of the business. This is the type of property owner that the Ellis Act was devised to give relief to.
2) Someone who buys a rental building, Ellis evicts the tenants, then remodels the units and sells them as TIC's. Although the Ellis act was designed to help this type of RE speculator, the result is upgraded units and homeownership opportunities for middle-class working SF'ers, who are often tenants themselves
3) Something I have seen more recently. A speculator buys the building, Ellis evicts the tenants, and then immediately sells the shell of the building without doing anything else. The building is effectively "flipped" within 6 months of it's purchase.
To my mind, only case 3 is the undesirable one here. There could perhaps be some restriction on selling a building within a year of an Ellis, altho I'm not sure whether that would be constitutional.
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Review of a New Data
Management System for
the Social Security
A Report to the
Social Security Administration
Department of Health, Eclucation and Welfare
by the
Panel on Social Security Administration
Data Management System
Committee on Telecommunications-Computer
Assembly of Engineering
National Research Council
Washington, D.C. 1978
OCR for page R1
The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the
Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members
are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the
National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The
members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for
their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors
according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting
of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of
Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This report represents work under Contract 600-77-0034
between the National Academy of Sciences and the Social
Security Administration.
Copies of this publication are available, under accession number
NRC/TELECOM/78/2, from:
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Department of Commerce
5825 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R1
This report is based on a review of the planning by the Social Security
Administration (SSA) to improve the data management and computer-communi-
cations aspects of its social service delivery system through the rest
of this century. The planning effort was described in June 1975 by the
SSA's Office of Advanced systems in its "Master Plan for the Development
of the Future SSA Process." The .'process" is defined as the sum total of
technological, operational, and managerial factors necessary to conduct
a multiplicity of social security programs. In recent years, the
agency has been the subject of concern and criticism for shortcomings in
the handling of claims and payments. Thus, the purpose of the projected
new process is to improve the accuracy, promptness, reliability, and
responsiveness of the SSA's service delivery system.
The SSA's master plan calls for a six-year project involving four
phases--conceptualization, requirements definition, design, and
implementation. While it was engaged in designing the concept, as
Phase I, the SSA asked the National Research Council to conduct a
year-long assessment of the long-range plan, with a detailed review
of Phase II, relating to the requirements and architecture of the new
system. For its part, the National Research Council turned to its
Committee on Telecommunications-Computer Applications, which organized
the Panel on Social Security Administration Data Management System to
carry out the assignment.
Accordingly, the panel, consisting of individuals with a depth of
knowledge and breadth of understanding of information, communications,
and management systems, such as those involved in the SSA's new plan,
began its work in December 1976. An effort was made to balance the
panel members within the electronic information-communications industry,
as well as among industrial, university and non-profit organizations. The
panel was asked to place additional emphasis on project management and
information security and confidentiality.
The methodology of the panel's review for gathering knowledge and
understanding of the SSA's specific problems, concepts, and priorities
was appropriate to the task. Throughout the period of its review, the
panel had the benefit of a close interaction with the SSA. In a series
of six meetings at the SSA headquarters in Baltimore, Md., regional
centers, and local (district) offices, the panel met with many officials
. � ~
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of the agency. Panel members also visited SSA field offices individually
or in teams to obtain first-hand impressions of the ent ire proces s . In
addition, the members studied numerous SSA documents pertinent to their
inquiry. Among the documents was "Recommended Design Concept for the
Future SSA Process,'. prepared in April 1977 by the SSA's Office of
Advanced Systems. It provides a comprehensive account of the objectives,
constraints, and concepts that are critical to the design of the SSA's
proposed data management system.
It was clear to the panel that if the analysis and advice were to
be useful, it had to be based on a thorough understanding of the purposes
and procedures of the SSA, as well as on certain knowledge of the capa-
bilities and resources available to the agency.
In its review, the panel was careful not to overstep its bounds to
evaluate the technical and operational aspects of the SSA's concept of
a high performance, cost effective information processing and management
system. Thus, the panel has refrained from engaging in the actual
planning or designing of the proposed new system or from advising on
suchtmatters as the funding or the service levels of the SSA system.
While the panel has examined the SSA's operations at Baltimore and at
some'regional and branch offices, it has not attempted to evaluate how
efficiently or effectively the agency uses its present computer-commu-
nications system. Nor has the panel reviewed the subject of equipment
acquisition. At times, individual members have had strong views or
special insights on such matters, but the panel's conclusions and
recommendations in this report are concerned only with the management,
information, and communications aspects of the SSA's data base planning
This report opens with a summary of the principal findings and
recommendations. Chapter I consists of a brief survey of the dimensions
of the problems confronting the nation's social security systems the
complexity of the agency's operations, and the SSA's own evaluation of
the "fixed requirements" for any new computer-communications process.
In Chapter II the panel examines the various options for establishing
and integrating a coherent, coordinated process. Chapter III is an
evaluation of the current state of the hardware and software
technologies relevant to the entire system, as well as its component
parts. Chapter IV covers the significance of human factors in relation
to the SSA process. Chapter V deals with the important privacy and
security considerations of the new process. Chapter VI is concerned
with the major issues of in-house management, contracting, and
procurement of large computer-information systems, with some instruc-
tive examples of Department of Defense experience. Then, in Chapter
VII the panel describes several aspects of large program management,
including project overview, the transition period, and maintenance
and control.
The panel has benefited greatly from the open, frank, and infor-
mative discussions with officials and staff of the SSA. Appreciation
is expressed, in particular, to James B. Cardwell, the Commissioner
of the SSA at the time of this review, and Robert B. Byoum, the
Associate Commissioner for the Office of Program Operations, as well
OCR for page R1
as to Ray Lannon, the Director, and Renny DiPentima, the Project
Officer in the SSA's Office of Advanced Systems. The panel is
indebted to them and others for their guidance through the com-
plexities of the nation's social security operations.
Several members of the panel called upon their colleagues for
contributions to this review. The panel is grateful, accordingly, to
the following individuals: Richard A. Cloughley of Sperry-Univac,
Kimfield Parks of the Burroughs Corporation, Richard Phelps of the
Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, R. L. Snowden
of American Telephone and Telegraph Company, John W. White of Texas
Instruments Incorporated, and Hugh B. Williams of IBM Corporation.
In addition, the panel appreciates the support, throughout its
study, of R. V. Mrozinski, Executive Director, Frank M. Snyder, Deputy
Executive Director, and Margaret A. Smith, Administrative Secretary,
of the Assembly of Engineering's Committee on Telecommunications-
Computer Applications.
While the panel acknowledges the valuable help of these people
in the preparation of this report, the conclusions and recommendations
presented here, as well as any errors, are entirely its own.
OCR for page R1
OCR for page R1
Members, Pane! on Social Security Administration Data
Management System
Louis T. Rader (Chairman)
Professor of Electrical Engineering and Business Administration
University of Virginia
J. C. R. Licklider (Deputy Chairman)
Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ted E. Climis
Vice President, Development, General Products Division
IBM Corporation
Lee L. Davenport*
Vice President-Chief Scientist
General Telephone & Electronics Corporation
V. E. Herzfeld
Vice President, Business Planning and Development
Robert R. Johnson
Vice President, Division of Engineering
Burroughs Corporation
Billy B. Oliver
Vice President, Engineering Planning
American Telephone & Telegraph Company
Bert C. Roberts, Jr.
Senior Vice President, Corporate Planning & Development
MCI Telecommunications Corporation
Sam K. Smith
Group Vice President
Texas Instruments Incorporated
*ex officio as Chairman, Committee on Teleco=;~unications-Computer
OCR for page R1
Robert I`. Sproull
University of Rochester
Willis H. Ware
Corporate Research Staf f
Rand Corporation
E. James Young
Vice President, Management Service Department
Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States
R. V. Mrozinski, Staff Director
Frank M. Snyder, Deputy Staff Director
Margaret A. Smith, Administrative Secretary
OCR for page R1
Members, Committee on Telecommunications-Computer
Lee L. Davenport (Chairman)
Vice President-Chief Scientist
General Telephone & Electronics Corporation
Louis T. Rader (Deputy Chairman)
Professor of Electrical Engineering and Business Administration
University of Virginia
Jack A. Baird
Vice President, Customer Services
American Telephone & Telegraph Company
Henri G. Busignies
Chief Scientist Emeritus
International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation
J. C. R. Licklider
Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Robert D. Maurer
Manager, Special Projects, Optical Wave Technology
Corning Glass Works Research and Development Laboratories
Sidney Metzger
Assistant Vice President and Chief Scientist
Communications Satellite Corporation
Lawrence G. Roberts
Chairman of the Board
Telenet Communications Corporation
Glen O. Robinson
Professor of Law
University of Virginia Law School
Joseph E. Rowe
Provost, Case Institute of Technology
Case Western Reserve University
OCR for page R1
Herbert Sherman
Associate Director for Technology
Center for the Analysis of Health Practices
Harvard School of Public Health
Harry M. Trebing
Director, Institute of Public Utilities
Michigan State University
H. Mitchell Watson, Jr.
Assistant Group Executive, Marketing Group
IBM Corporation
Graham W. Watt
National Training and Development Service
R. V. Mrozinski, Executive Director
Frank M. Snyder, Deputy Executive Director
Steven C. Johnson, Staff Economist
Jean Cleveland, Administrative Assistant
Gwynne S. Ellsworth, Administrative Secretary
Margaret A. Smith, Administrative Secretary
OCR for page R1
System Alternatives
Major System Considerations
System Design Methodology
Transition Plan
Interfacing and Modeling
Applications Software


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text:
New Warwickshire parish records published
24 August 2012
Search for your ancestors in 23,000 new Warwickshire parish records on findmypast.co.uk
This update comprises new records from Rugby and Southam.
Rugby records
Type of records | Number of records |
Date range | Coverage |
Baptisms | 6,609 | 1559-1876 | Newbold upon Avon |
Marriages | 1,237 | 1559-1837 | Newbold upon Avon |
Burials | 5,138 | 1560-1901 | Newbold upon Avon |
The Rugby Family History Group provided findmypast.co.uk with these records.
Search the parish records nowSoutham records
Type of records | Number of records |
Date range | Coverage |
Marriages | 697 | 1757-2011 | All Saints Leamington Hastings, St Giles Chesterton, Harbury, St Margaret Woolston, St Michael Bishops Itchington, St Mary the Virgin Rudford, Stockton, St John Baptist Stanbridge, Holy Trinity Long Itchington, St Lawrence Napton, St Mary Farleigh, St Alkmund Derby, St Mary Cubbington, St Peter & Paul Cofe Deddington Oxon, All Saints Harbury, St Michael & All Angels Warfield Berks, All Saints Leek Wootton, St John Baptist Clarendon Park Leics, St Peter & Clare Fenny Compton, St Nicholas Kenilworth, St Michael & All Angels Ufton, Romsey Abbey, St John Baptist Blisworth, St Peter Wormleighton, St Mark Winshill, St Mary Tysoe, St John Brandon Co. Durham. |
Burials | 9,613 | 1539-2012 | Southam |
Please note that the Southam marriage records are away banns, so the coverage is out of Warwickshire and many of the records do not specify a location. Banns are published in the parish of the groom and the parish of the bride on three consecutive Sundays prior to the wedding day. If the bride and groom live in different parishes, the banns have to be published in both parish churches. So for each of these records, either the bride or groom is a Southam parish resident, and the other comes from a different parish. These banns were published in Southam, but also in the other parish.
We are working in association with Pam Batstone and Mary Williams to publish these records.
Search the parish records now


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Hurricane Irene made landfall three times on the Atlantic Coast in 2011—first on the North Carolina Outer Banks, then again on the New Jersey Coast, and finally in Brooklyn, New York, as a tropical storm. Now, three years after the storm, grant money allocated as part of FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program is making landfall in Rhode Island, slated to help fund the elevation of eight houses in Misquamicut, a beach area in the coastal town of Westerly. The Westerly Sun has the story ("Flood-prone houses getting a boost from FEMA," by Dale P. Faulkner).
"The elevation projects will result in a different look for parts of Misquamicut, where many houses are built on concrete slabs," the paper reports. "For example, one of the houses approved for a grant has a current elevation of 5.7 feet. Base flood elevation for the house is 13 feet. The building code calls for 14 feet for new construction. The property owner receiving the grant can elevate the house to 16 feet."
Ten homeowners filed applications with the town for the grant money, the paper reports, with two applications disqualified. "The applications were subject to a cost-benefit analysis by FEMA," the paper reports. "The analysis accounts for the size of a building, its current elevation and exact location in the flood plain, and its likelihood of reaching the useful life of an elevation project as set by FEMA—30 years. Projects were viewed in the aggregate, meaning if one project failed to attain a high enough score in the FEMA ranking system, but enough others exceeded minimum scores, all of the projects would be approved."
Ted Cushman
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TEHRAN — Thousands of security forces were deployed in Tehran on Sunday to prevent any opposition protest on the second anniversary of the disputed re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, witnesses said. The security forces were deployed on Vali Asr street, which bisects the city from north to south, and in…
By Katie Halper
Read MoreBy Gary Younge, The Guardian
Read MoreRaw Story is a progressive news site that focuses on stories often ignored in the mainstream media. While giving coverage to the big stories of the day, we also bring our readers' attention to policy, politics, legal and human rights stories that get ignored in an infotainment culture driven solely by pageviews.
Founded in 2004, Raw Story reaches 9 million unique readers per month and serves more than 30 million pageviews.
Copyright © 2004-2013 Raw Story Media, Inc. All rights reserved.


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In recent weeks the White House has been pushing a new argument about the economy: "We didn't know how bad it was."
Read more...
"[A] U.S. recession caused by the fiscal crisis in Europe would be very costly and could throw millions of Americans out of work." So says the Center for Economic and Policy Research, a think tank that numbers Pulitzer Prize winning, generally liberal economists Joe Stiglitz and Robert Solow among its advisory board members.
CNN: "Officials confirm 'credible but unconfirmed' 9/11 threat"
Andrew Stiles: "Hensarling: Lay Off the Supercommittee"
The Hill: "Disgraced former-Rep. Wu makes surprise appearance at Obama's speech"
Politico: "Rick Perry panic fires up the left"
Zero Hedge: "How The Economy Quietly Entered A Recession On Friday, And Why The GDP Predicts A Sub-Zero Nonfarm Payroll Number"
Sure, the rest of America's hurting economically, but Congressional leaders are doing quite well.
Walter Russell Mead: "Is Carter A Best Case Scenario?"
Robert Samuelson: "Are we stumbling into another recession?"
"US Housing Crisis Is Now Worse Than Great Depression"
Last week I wrote a piece about the great comic book bubble of 1993. Today I got a note from Ron Forman, who owned one of the regional distribution companies that Diamond drove out of business, setting the bubble in motion. Ron helpfully adds that it was The Return of Superman and Turok #1—think of them as the comic book version of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers—which precipitated the collapse.
The U.S. economy might be on the verge of a double-dip recession, while Europe is paralyzed by a massive debt crisis afflicting the governments on the periphery of the eurozone. Alarming as they are, both of these stories are just part of an even gloomier overall economic picture of the West.
What Tolstoy wrote about families is true of economics: Boom times are all alike, but every crash is disastrous in its own way. That's why stories about bursting bubbles are always instructive. There are lessons in the smallest of them, even the bubble that led to the comic book crash of 1993.
"Bill Clinton to Paul Ryan on Medicare Election: 'Give me a Call'"
Is NY-26 a "A Blue-Collar Warning Sign"?
Stay classy, Ed Schultz.
I have noticed something unsettling in my own life lately: I know a lot of people who are on food stamps or some kind of extraordinary government assistance. The count right now stands around 10 people, which is a lot for a small town denizen such as myself.
Over at The Atlantic, Derek Thompson flags this terrifying indicator:
The folks at econstories.tv are back with round two of their entertaining and informative rap battle between economists John Maynard Keynes and F. A. Hayek. Watch it below:
Let me bore you with some numbers. Employment dipped to 137,960,000 in December 2009. That may seem like a lot of Americans with jobs, but it happened to be the low point in the recession that began before President Obama took office the prior January.
At this point, conventional wisdom suggests that it will be difficult for Republicans to force and win a vote before the midterm elections on extending tax cuts for all Americans. The main obstacle is the Senate, where Republicans would have to get 19 Democratic votes. There are now five Democratic senators on record favoring the more comprehensive extension that Republicans want.
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The Hollywood response to the challenge of war.
A Parody
A Parody.
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Behold the Lean In Collection
The lawless tweaking of Obamacare's provisions continues.
What Congress can do in response to an administration run amok
The Ted Cruz-Rand Paul foreign policy split.
The powers behind the Nebraska Republican primary.
The answer may depend on President Obama.


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Padded undercar creepers are worth the investment, even for amateur mechanics. You'll enjoy changing the oil and working on the engine more when you're comfortable.
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1. A sturdy backboard reduces stress on your upper and lower back muscles. Economy models are built with a thin sheet of plywood. Look for a reinforced backboard that will support your back and shoulders.
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Portage Health also operates an inpatient hospital pharmacy and a nursing home pharmacy. Our inpatient pharmacy dispenses prescriptions to patients staying at Portage Health.
If you have any questions about pharmacy services at Portage Health, please contact Jason Evans, pharmacy director at (906) 483-1905.
ConsumerMedSafety.org is the first and only website exclusively designed to bring the message of adverse drug event prevention to the consumer.


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text: NORTHFIELD, Vt. --- Ryan Fischer won three individual events for the Colby College men's swimming and diving team in a 134-79 victory over Norwich University on Sunday. Fischer won the 1,000 freestyle (10:38.22), 500 freestyle (5:00.00), and 200 breaststroke (2:21.36) to earn 27 points with the three victories. Sam Wampler won the 50 freestyle (22.21) for the Mules after taking two victories against Middlebury on Saturday. The 400 medley relay team of Wampler, Travis Townsend, Craig Zevin, and Peter Williams took a tight win in 3:46.26 over Norwich (3:46.34). Evan McCulloch, Ben Gross, Raymond Rieling, and Williams captured the 400 freestyle relay in 3:24.40. Related Links: |