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Members Gallery
This is a collection of albums and images posted by members of the Revolution Kites forum.
Cap Ferret - Plage de l'Horizon
Vol libre en duo avec mon pote Fred !Vivement le prochain rendez-vous ! ;-))
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- 0
Help me date my New/Old 1.5 SLE
This is a new kite, just purchased from my local kite store. NOS! It had been in their inventory for awhile. It came packaged with the VHS tape. It caught my eye because of the color scheme, which is somewhat similar to my original Rev II from 1997.
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Recently, I received an emplty message from review team after my resubmittion of a soft rejected item. Has anyone in this situation and what does it mean? What should I do now?
- Australia
- Community Moderator
- Author had a Free File of the Month
- Most Wanted Bounty Winner
- Author had a File in an Envato Bundle
- Has been a member for 4-5 years
- Contributed a Blog Post
- Repeatedly Helped protect Envato Marketplaces against copyright violations
Is there a message in the "History" tab area of the soft-disabled item page?
- Sold between 250 000 and 1 000 000 dollars
- Community Moderator
- Author was Featured
- Author has had an Item Featured
- Bought between 50 and 99 items
- Referred more than 2000 users
- Has been a member for 3-4 years
- Repeatedly Helped protect Envato Marketplaces against copyright violations
I think there is only one possible explanation… your file was reviewed by ghosts
(If there is nothing in your History tab like dtbaker suggested, I'd contact your reviewer/support )
dtbaker said
Is there a message in the "History" tab area of the soft-disabled item page?
Yes, there is. Thank you. Btw, I have 2 questions.
1/ I've changed my files but the reviewer didn't remember to clear his cache, so he got the same reason to reject my item. How could I tell him (Mr. kailoon) in this case? Via contact form? Twitter, Facebook? Resubmit with a comment to reviewer? Envato Support?
2/ I always receive a message
Overall, this is a good concept but there are a couple issues here:We already have a number of submissions with the same overall design and concept and we have to draw the line somewhere.
I think we're reached a point of saturation. At this point, we're only looking for unique variations of this design: for another one to be approved it would have to have a couple of unique touches and features that differentiate it from what's already available and definitely be of higher quality.
Minimal templates can be clean and simple when you manage to handle the white space and details to provide a simple but yet unique template. But if you can't, it will look like an incomplete template – blank template.
In this case, the submitted template is more like a 'framework' than a full fledged design. If you're going with minimalism, you need to make sure all the little details check out.
Below this message is some comments of the reviewer. Is that true that I only need to fix the issues the reviewer said?

subset: commoncrawl


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Rob Leonard has been structuring, organizing and representing hedge funds, funds of funds and other private investment funds (both domestic and offshore) and investment advisers for more than 25 years.
Rob has structured and organized numerous master-feeder, side-by-side and mini-master-feeder funds for hedge fund managers engaged in a myriad of strategies, including long/short equity, multi-strat, credit, distressed credit, mortgage-backed securities, risk arb, emerging markets, global macro, stat arb, relative value and event driven.
Rob has worked with managers on seed deals, founder's classes, placement agreements and coming up with other creative ways of building asset base. He has worked with managers on bringing in and retaining talent through structuring employment, "phantom" equity and true equity arrangements.
Rob has also worked on a variety of regulatory and other compliance matters, including registrations with the SEC, CFTC and state regulators, filing Form PF and filings with the Treasury Department and Bureau of Economic Analysis. He regularly works on SEC and other regulatory examinations and investigations, as well as investor and third-party actions.
Rob is a quarterback for clients and leverages Bingham's institutional platform in a seamless, cost-effective manner.
Rob is a recognized leader in the industry. The Legal 500 recently described Rob as "top class."
Additionally, Rob serves on the Steering Committee of the Managed Fund Association's Lawyers Advisory Committee.


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SKU: 331631 Weight: 0.98
In stock
List Price:$14.95 Your Price:$6.35 You Save: $8.60 (58%) International customers, please view our shipping page for information on additional shipping fees. CLICK HERE
WILTON-Recipe Right is constructed of heavy-gauge steel that provides an even-heating performance baking experts prefer for perfectly-browned baked goods. The non-stick coating makes food release and clean-up a breeze! Wilton 5-year limited warranty.


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Past news releases
Governor's office media room
CONTACT: Beth Kaplan, Department of Health Services, (608) 266-1683
MADISON—State health officials are monitoring a large smoke plume from a forest fire in northeastern Minnesota. The plume is moving through Wisconsin.
"The Department of Natural Resources has not issued an air quality alert, but temporary peaks in pollutants are occurring around the state. This can cause problems for people with respiratory and heart problems," said Dr. Henry Anderson, State Health Officer. "People with such health problems should consider staying indoors, closing windows and using an air conditioner with a high efficiency air filter."
Anderson said local health departments are receiving calls about heavy smoke odors, ash and concerns about smoke inhalation. He noted that in healthy people, symptoms of smoke exposure usually include irritation of eyes, nose and throat, or breathing discomfort, and more severe symptoms may include chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. Smoke exposure can aggravate chronic lung or cardiovascular disease.
"Concerned citizens should listen for news updates on air quality and visibility and follow all precautions and instructions given by local health and governmental departments," Anderson said.
# # #
Last Revised: February 12, 2014


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Have you made this pattern?
Share with the Craftsy community.
This cross stitch design is simple and easy for beginners using only full cross stitches, the back stitch and a total of 4 DMC floss colors plus black. This chart lends itself to being customized - you can easily substitute your own floss colors to suit your own preferences, home decor, etc). This chart prints in color if using a color printer which makes it very easy to read. The chart includes the pattern, a list of DMC floss colors, and the finished size using 14, 16, or 18 count fabric.
I've been crocheting for years and was unable to find patterns so, I designed my own. These are "Not Your Grandma's Afghan" but a more modern twist for today's home.


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Hello everyone,
As admissions season approaches, we wanted to provide a few general tips on how to start the essay writing process. Many people find the first step--simply sitting down to write --the most difficult. While the writing process can be time-consuming, it can also be rewarding, interactive and fun. We certainly enjoy it! We suggest the following:
1) Start your admissions essay(s) as a conversation. Speak with someone you trust (a parent, family member, or friend) and explore potential ideas on how to best answer a specific prompt. Encourage them to ask you challenging questions. Write down every idea, and try to avoid being overly critical of any possibility.
2) Put the pen to paper. Using the ideas you have formulated, map out several narrative 'arcs' for each topic. Come up with a skeletal structure for your essay. Which ideas are best suited for the given word limitation? Which ideas tell the most unique or complete story? Which ideas reveal something new that your reader may not have read elsewhere in your application?
3) Try to flesh out one of your best ideas using the structure you have devised. While the language in your essay should not be as informal as a conversation, the content should be similarly direct, authentic and honest. Avoid telling admissions committees what you think they may want to hear, e.g. "I would make a great addition to New York University because...." Instead, strive to write essays that really answer the prompts, reflect who you are, and showcase your finest prose.
Please message us with any questions!
Ivy Eyes Editing


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Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
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Newegg.com - Computer Parts, Laptops, Electronics, HDTVs, Digital Cameras and More!
OTC White Mesh Backed TENS Electrodes 2x2" Square are high quality carbon electrode pads for TENS Units & Muscle Stimulators. These TENS Electrodes feature a white mesh backing for durability and flexibility, and have American Made Gel for maximum reusablity. Get quality TENS Electrode Pads, and get more uses out of your TENS Unit.


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Practical Training
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The American Hospitality Academy is one of the largest hospitality training companies within the United States providing 1000 year round programs for both domestic and international students. AHA is contracted by some of the largest management and hotel companies in the nation; including Sheraton 's, Hilton 's, Ramada 's, etc. We provide our students with hands on training in Resort Activities, Front Office, and Food Service positions. The students also partake in Cultural and Supervisory training classes in order to better prepare them as future managers in this diverse industry. We have had over 21 years of experience in the hospitality industry and are in partnership with AH& LA as well as RCRA approved. The American Hospitality Academy has three central locations; Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; Hilton Head Island, South Carolina as well as Orlando, Florida. By joining our program your students will gain practical training, education and cultural exchange. Unlike other internship companies the students will receive an incentive package listed below. You will receive: * $400 per month stipend * Fully furnished housing * Shuttle transportation * Cultural events and socials * SERVLEAD Seminars * AHA Manager on site and available 24/7 * Shopping trips * Internet and computer access. For more information view our website at:
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EURAXESS Service Centres in Germany
Funding Database
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Careers in Research
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You are planning a research stay in Germany and want to find out about taxation?
Research stay based on a fellowship:
If your research stay in Germany is supposed to take place in the framework of a fellowship you may, under certain circumstances, be exempt from taxation under German income tax law. It is certainly worth consulting the organisation which has awarded the fellowship on this point. Furthermore, you should find out whether the fellowship paid in Germany is subject to taxation in your own country.
Details on tax exemption on fellowships in Germany
Research stay based on an employment contract:
If your research stay is based on an employment contract in Germany and will last more than 6 months you will basically be liable to taxation in Germany on your globally-earned income and assets. If you stay for less than 6 months, your income will be taxed in your own country provided that you work for a foreign employer and the double taxation agreement assigns the right of taxation in such cases to the home country. If one of these conditions does not hold, your salary will be taxed in Germany. Agreements exist with some countries stating that higher education teachers and researchers who come to Germany for a maximum of two years to work on research in a public research institution may pay their taxes in their own country. Details can be found in the double
taxation agreements
which exist in relation to the
Member States of the EU
and certain other countries .
The income tax you incur will be deducted from your salary at source.
At the end of each calendar year you may apply to the
tax office in your place of residence
to have your income tax adjusted ("Lohnsteuerausgleich"). This may entitle you to a partial reimbursement of tax paid. The necessary documents can be obtained from the
local tax office
("Finanzamt") or
town hall
("Rathaus"). Often, it is worth paying a
tax accountant
to help you complete your tax return.
Questions and answers on taxation
Further Information:
Double taxation agreements
Texts of the double taxation agreements concluded by the Federal Republic of Germany as well as other state-related publications
Federal Ministry of Finance
Tax offices, tax forms etc.
Information about tax offices, tax forms, electronic tax returns, tax allowances, laws
Federal Finance Office
Your Europe
Information on your rights and opportunities in the EU and its Internal Market plus advice on how to exercise these rights in practice. Useful information on living, working and studying in another EU country, including taxation
European Commission
Database of tax accountants
Search for tax accountants in Germany, Europe and worldwide amongst other things by area of expertise (for instance "income tax") and by country on whose tax law the adviser is specialised
German Association of Tax Advisers
Last updated: 30 September 2013
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European Research Area
EURAXESS Voice of the Researchers


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It's funny how the things you remember (and tell others about) from your holiday…tends to be the things that didn't go as planned. The mishaps.
I had a wonderful time back home in Illinois with my family for Christmas, but it's the mishap that we will never forget. It more like a Christmas Sabotage Operation. Two out of my 3 children snuck downstairs at 3am on Christmas Day and starting unwrapping presents by themselves!!!!
My mother caught them in the act, woke me up, and we proceeded to explain to my 6 year old and 4 year old how bad their decision was. Let's just say, we were not jolly. I ended up sleeping on the floor outside their door so if they tried it again, they would have to walk over me!
I was so mad! It's funny how we try so hard to make everything perfect, and it's never perfect.
We may get frustrated with the mishaps or the mess of a holiday celebration gone wrong, or a life that's a mess.
But, God loves us in spite of the mess, in fact cleaning up the mess, that's his specialty. If you let Him.
Now Playing: This Is Amazin... Artist: Phil Wickham On-Air: Scott & Kelli
Live the life you love! We can encourage each other as you go through your busy day at work, running errands, and shuttling kids to practice. Let's do it together with a smile while enjoying encouraging music every weekday from 10am to 3pm CDT. You can also join the conversation on my Facebook or Twitter pages. Enjoy the show!
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Sorry, Scandal fans: Quinn (Katie Lowes) is no longer a Gladiator. Huck (Guillermo Diaz) made that abundantly clear in the midseason finale after discovering that the youngest OPA member had betrayed Olivia (Kerry Washington). But will OPA's fearless leader agree with Huck's decision? TVGuide.com caught up with Diaz to find out what's in store for ABC's political fixer drama, which returns Thursday at 10/9c on ABC:read more
Christian and Sean take a unique approach to marketing themselves to bolster their lagging client base. Christian's existential crises come to light. watch
Forget Olitz! Huckleberry Quinn has become one of the most beloved relationships on Scandal. But that all changed last week when Huck (Guillermo Diaz) tortured his protégée Quinn (Katie Lowes). Can their relationship ever be fixed? Maybe, if Quinn shows her true allegiance to OPA by killing Rowan (Joe Morton) as she planned to do at the close of the episode. TVGuide.com turned to Diaz and Lowes to get the scoop on the midseason finale and whether there's actually more to Huck and Quinn's relationship than just being fellow Gladiators and torture aficionados:read more
Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, The Flash, Green Lantern, Martian Manhunter and Hawkgirl they have all used their unique powers to fight evil across the galaxy. These 7 super heroes unite to become the Justice League. These adventures feature battles with favorite villains like Lex Luthor, Vandal Savage and sorceress Morgan Le Fey. Acts of justice include saving Aquaman from a coup and clearing Green Lantern's name in a charge of genocide. From the smash hit TV series, these triumphant tales of teamwork will enthrall and inspire!
A teenaged girl is suspected in the brutal killing of her mother.
On court action combined with off court drama make this an exciting look at big time college hoops. Story focuses on the recruitment of 'blue chip' prospects that can make or break a season and a coach's career. Look for cameo by Bobby Knight.
More Clips & Interviews
Special Agent Strahm is dead, and Detective Hoffman has emerged as the unchallenged successor to Jigsaw's legacy. However, when the FBI draws closer to Hoffman, he is forced to set a game into motion, and Jigsaw's grand scheme is finally understo
Academy Award winners Sidney Poitier and Dianne Wiest star with Mary-Louise Parker in this enchanting tale about a quiet hero who becomes the talk of the town.
Special Agent Strahm is dead, and Detective Hoffman has emerged as the unchallenged successor to Jigsaw's legacy. However, when the FBI draws closer to Hoffman, he is forced to set a game into motion, and Jigsaw's grand scheme is finally understood.
More George Newbern Movies Videos
Olivia and the team must manage a potential crisis with the Josie Marcus campaign while investigating Operation Remington; Cyrus tries to take down Sally. Also Available On ABC, iTunes, Amazon Instant Video and VUDU
David learns the truth about the Cytron case; Olivia, Cyrus, Mellie, Hollis and Verna go to extremes to protect themselves. Also Available On Netflix, Amazon Instant Video and VUDU
Olivia unravels as her colleagues learn the truth about the rigged election; Mellie tries to reel Fitz in. Also Available On iTunes, Amazon Instant Video and VUDU
Olivia receives a coded warning that could expose Huck's past; Fitz and Cyrus face the ramifications of James's front-page news story. Also Available On iTunes, Amazon Instant Video and VUDU
More George Newbern On TV Videos
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[Warning: This story contains major spoilers from Thursday's episode of Scandal. Read at your own risk!]
Scandal's youngest Gladiator has finally turned into a killer. She just didn't know what she was doing!
As Quinn (Katie Lowes) drew closer to her new mentor Charlie (George Newbern) on Thursday's episode, even she couldn't see that she was being played. Enlisted by Rowan (Joe Morton) to lure Quinn in, Charlie duped her into drugging a seemingly harmless security guard. In actuality, she... read more
While everyone is stressing out about B613 and Operation Remington, OPA and Huck (Guillermo Diaz) have failed to notice that Quinn (Katie Lowes) has gone rogue.
Spurned by her mentor, Scandal's youngest member of Olivia Pope & Associates decided to take matters into her own hands by buying a gun in hopes of honing her skills independently. Instead, she found help from Charlie (George Newbern), who, viewers learned, has been working for Rowan (Joe Morton) to lure her in. What does Rowan want from Quinn? And what's up with that steamy kiss coming in Thursday's episode (10/9c, ABC)? TVGuide.com caught up with Lowes to get the scoop:
Exclusive Scandal Sneak Peek: Quinn kisses ... Charlie?!
How does Quinn feel about actually getting lessons from Charlie on how to hone her skills? Katie Lowes: Quinn is really between a rock and a hard place... read more
Huck may want to rethink his strategy of keeping Quinn at arm's length...
In an exclusive sneak peek at Thursday's episode of Scandal (10/9c, ABC), Quinn (Katie Lowes) is clearly frustrated that she's not getting help from her mentor Huck (Guillermo Diaz). So she goes to the next best thing: Charlie (George Newbern). We already know that Charlie is only reeling Quinn in for Rowan (Joe Morton), but is he getting too close to his target or is he really using her naivety against her? Check out their steamy kiss in the video below and weigh in! read more
[Warning: This story contains major spoilers from Thursday's penultimate episode of Scandal. Read at your own risk!]
Are you still screaming at your television over the unmasking of the mole? Understandable!
Thursday's Scandal shocked viewers with the long-awaited reveal of the identity of the mole after OPA — Huck (Guillermo Diaz) in particular — forced Charlie (George Newbern) to give up the information. Unfortunately... read more
[Warning: This story contains major spoilers from Thursday's Scandal. Read at your own risk!]
Olitz fans, rejoice!
Thursday's episode of Scandal featured the moment Olivia (Kerry Washington) and Fitz (Tony Goldwyn) fans had always hoped for, but weren't really sure would ever happen: Fitz... read more
You might be also interested in the following websites:


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Technology in Learning Resources
Children and the Internet: A Zen Guide for Parents and Educators
Concise overview of the Internet and the issues that both parents and teachers face as they implement it as an educational tool in K-12 schools.
Educator's Internet Funding Guide : Classroom Connect's Reference Guide for Technology Funding
For both educators and parents involved in fundraising for new technology.
Connecting Kids and the Internet : A Handbook for Librarians, Teachers and Parents
This is a useful handbook for anyone who does not have the opportunity to participate in formal Internet training. It's a good introduction to the Internet -- a valuable resource.
Education on the Internet : A Hands-On Book of Ideas, Resources, Projects, and Advice
A practical manual for students, educators, and families combines a tutorial on Internet basics with targeted guidelines to finding and using Internet educational resources, enabling users to perform research, correspond with colleagues, and more.
Let's Discover Computers! : Ready-To-Use Computer Discovery Lessons & Activities for Grades K-3
These lessons, activities, game components and story overheads show children in grades K-3 what a computer is, how it works, and how to follow simple computer etiquette. Can be used by teachers in the classroom and parents in the home.
More on: Technology and Learning


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More EIE 13 Videos: key note speech by Sherry Coutu , Michael Jamieson interview and Sir Tom Hunter key note
iVenture Tuesday
The iVentureTuesday Speaker Series features a new programme of talks given by prominent members of the business community. WATCH PREVIOUS SPEAKERS
CEO Masterclasses
We believe that emergent entrepreneurs benefit from practitioner led education and many successful business people are keen to share their knowledge and experience to help others.
Collaborative Innovation
Informatics Ventures helps early-stage companies, SMEs, corporates and public sector organisations engage with world-leading research across the Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA). It delivers collaborative innovation activities across the following themes:
March 12, 2014 - 12:30pmThis Learning Lunch event is for technology company start-up founders and executives who...
March 12, 2014 - 12:30pm'Teambuilding' with Sue Mitchell, Aeona A Learning Lunch event brought to you by...
March 25, 2014 - 5:45pmKevin Dorren (previously founder and CEO of Orbital Software and private investor...


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no minimum purchase required!*
Some exclusions may apply.
*No minimum purchase required. Use promotion code IPEB43H3 at checkout. Promotion/source code box is located in step 4 of checkout. Valid at eastbay.com, by phone or mail. Does not apply to prior purchases or open orders and cannot be combined with any other offers. May not be used toward purchase of GiftCards or team orders. Promotion may be modified or terminated at any time. Certain restrictions and exclusions may apply. Some items are not eligible for discount and will indicate "excluded from discount" on the product's description page. Offer expires 03/20/2014 (03:59 am CT).
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If you loved the Gato before, you'll love this newly redesigned version. The Nike Gato II starts with a full-grain leather kicking area that provides great ball feel. Over the midfoot, an open mesh panel provides increased breathability. In the midsole, Phylon cushioning and an EVA sockliner creates extra comfort in the heel and forefoot. Under the foot lies a gum rubber outsole. It's built for agility, with a tread that enhances ball control. Wt. 8.2 oz. |


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Submit Review
Campground Search
204575 User submitted reviews online!!
Location :
Custer, South Dakota
Beaver Lake Campground
[ 10/10 ]
We spent a week at this campground. We had a very enjoyable stay. The kids loved the pool and water slide. Our site had grass and shade with plenty of room to park our RV and tent. The owner was very helpful in making sure we had a pleasant stay. If we ever return to Custer South Dakota, we will stay here again and would recommend this RV park to anyone looking for a place to camp in Custer, South Dakota.
Custer, South Dakota
Custer State Park - Grace Coolidge Campground
[ 6/10 ]
We made on line reservations around February 2011. We chose site 12E from the picture they have on the web site. However, when we arrived we felt the picture was somewhat deceiving. The camp sites were very close together and the campsite we chose was very small. It would have been difficult to back our 24' travel trailer into this small site. The campsite looked much bigger in the picture. We cancelled our reservations and found a wonderful RV Park in the town of Custer.


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Plumasnews.com includes a sampling of stories that are featured in the weekly editions of Feather Publishing newspapers plus important breaking news as it happens. To get all the news that is important to Plumas County, subscribe to one of our weekly newspapers by calling 530-283-0800. |
Plumas District Hospital will hold the annual Fall Health Screening during the second week of October. The low-cost health screening will take place from 6:30 am – 8:30 am beginning Monday, October 8 and running through Thursday, October 11, 2012 in the North Fork Family Medicine Building on Valley View Road behind the hospital.
No appointments are necessary; however, participants are encouraged to come on the day assigned to the first letter of their last name. A through F on Monday, October 8; G through M on Tuesday, October 9; N through S on Wednesday, October 10 and T through Z on Thursday, October 11. Participants must not eat for 12 hours prior to the blood draw and must be 18 years or older. Continue normal intake of water and any medication as usual.
Testing includes: Comprehensive metabolic panel, thyroid screening, complete blood count (CBC), cholesterol,triglycerides, HDL, and direct LDL and ratio. Cost is $50, payable by cash or check.
For an additional charge, bone density and prostate cancer screenings will be available. Bone density screening appointments may be scheduled at the time of the screening.
- Drought recovery begins in Almanor
- Hospital seeks ways to see more Medi-Cal dental patients
- Plumas Arts presents photography from three perspectives
- California Outdoors for the week of 3/6/2014
- Remember When for the week of 3/14/2014
- Wife pleads guilty to 2011 murder of Susanville police officer
- Obituaries for the week of 3/7/2014
- Rec and Tech views fiber optics as another county attribute
- Business Scene for the week of 3/7/2014
- Special turkey hunting opportunities offered in CDFW's North Central Region
Sports Headlines
Chester girls lose final game of season
James Wilson
Sports Editor
"Well, we didn't really play that well the first half," said Chester girls' basketball coach John Potter on the Lady...
Tigers' season ends with loss to Modoc
James Wilson
Sports Editor
Portola, the No. 11 seed in the Division V basketball playoffs, traveled to sixth-seeded Modoc last Wednesday to compete in...
Special turkey hunting opportunities offered in CDFW's North Central Region
Feather Publishing 3/7/2014 Hunters seeking opportunities during the upcoming spring turkey season can visit the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Upland...
Read More...


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Switch to Enhanced Article View
Copyright © 2012 The Authors All rights reserved.
Cell Reports, Volume 2, Issue 5, 1178-1186, 25 October 2012
Removal of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Makes C. elegans Germ Cells Susceptible to Direct Conversion into Specific Somatic Cell Types
Tulsi Patel1, 2, Baris Tursun1, 2, 3, Dylan P. Rahe1 and Oliver Hobert1, ,
Corresponding author2 These authors contributed equally to this work
3 Present address: Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
Graphical Abstract
► Selector-type transcription factors cannot convert germ cells into neurons or muscle ► Loss of H3K27me3 allows direct, selector-driven germ cell conversion to neurons or muscle ► H3K27me3 redistribution in H3K36me(−) animals also permits germ cell conversion ► Mitotic cycling is not required for induced germ cell conversion
- How specific cell types can be directly converted into other distinct cell types is a matter of intense investigation with wide-ranging basic and biomedical implications. Here, we show that removal of the histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methyltransferase Polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) permits ectopically expressed, neuron-type-specific transcription factors ("terminal selectors") to convert Caenorhabditis elegans germ cells directly into specific neuron types. Terminal-selector-induced germ-cell-to-neuron conversion can be observed not only upon genome-wide loss of H3K27 methylation in PRC2(−) animals but also upon genome-wide redistribution of H3K27 methylation patterns in animals that lack the H3K36 methyltransferase MES-4. Manipulation of the H3K27 methylation status not only permits conversion of germ cells into neurons but also permits hlh-1/MyoD-dependent conversion of germ cells into muscle cells, indicating that PRC2 protects the germline from the aberrant execution of multiple distinct somatic differentiation programs. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the normally multistep process of development from a germ cell via a zygote to a terminally differentiated somatic cell type can be short-cut by providing an appropriate terminal selector transcription factor and manipulating histone methylation patterns.
A number of transcription factors are known to be absolutely required for the induction of specific cellular differentiation programs. However, such transcription factors are often remarkably inefficient at imposing such a program on other cell types upon ectopic misexpression (Zhou and Melton, 2008). For example, ectopic misexpression of the CHE-1 zinc finger transcription factor, which is normally required to generate the ASE gustatory neuron type in Caenorhabditis elegans (Chang et al., 2003; Uchida et al., 2003), converts only a very small number of sensory neurons into ASE-like neurons; all other cell types are immune to the cell-fate-inducing ability of che-1 (Tursun et al., 2011).
To explore the context dependency of che-1 activity, we considered the possibility that an inhibitory mechanism may exist to prevent che-1 from driving the ASE differentiation program in most other cell types. With this possibility in mind, we undertook a loss-of-function screen for genes whose knockdown enables che-1 to more broadly induce ASE-like fate in other cellular contexts. This RNA interference (RNAi)-based screen identified a phylogenetically conserved histone chaperone, lin-53 (called Rbbp4 and Rbbp7 in vertebrates), whose removal permitted a direct, che-1-mediated conversion of mitotic germ cells into ASE-like neurons (Tursun et al., 2011).
In this work, we explored the mechanistic basis of the conversion process by asking which other genes are involved in this process. We based our analysis on the well-documented observations that in vertebrates and invertebrates, the histone chaperones LIN-53/Rbbp4,7 are components of many distinct multiprotein complexes with various functions in chromatin biology. These complexes include the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex, the chromatin assembly factor (CAF) complex, the histone deacetylase corepressor complex Sin3, the histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) complex, the nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) complex, the retinoblastoma-gene-containing repressor complex DP, Rb, and class B synMuv (DRM), and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) (Harrison et al., 2006; Loyola and Almouzni, 2004). The presence of LIN-53/Rbbp4,7 in these functionally very distinct complexes has been shown biochemically as well as through genetic analysis. Here, we show that the effect of lin-53 on germ-cell-to-neuron conversion can be phenocopied by removal of the PRC2 complex, and further characterize features of the cellular conversion process.
Results and Discussion
Removal of PRC2 Complex Components Allows for Germ-Cell-to-Neuron Conversion
Our initial RNAi screen, which showed that lin-53 functions as a brake against the conversion of germ cells to neurons (Tursun et al., 2011), did not reveal any obvious lin-53-like phenotypes for individual members of the many complexes with which the LIN-53/Rbbp4,7 protein is known to associate. As a result, the mechanism by which LIN-53 operates to prevent a germ-cell-to-neuron conversion remained an open question. However, negative results from this screen were difficult to interpret, mainly because RNAi of many of the various LIN-53 complex components resulted in infertility or early developmental defects, thereby precluding analysis of the germline.
We focused our analysis on the well-characterized Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which in vertebrates and Drosophila contains the LIN-53 orthologs Rbbp4,7 (CAF1 in Drosophila), the H3K27 methyltransferase Ezh2 (Enhancer of Zeste in Drosophila), the WD40 protein Eed (Extra sex combs in Drosophila), and other associated proteins (Kuzmichev et al., 2002; Margueron and Reinberg, 2011). Similarly, in C. elegans, the PRC2 complex has been shown to contain the H3K27 methyltransferase MES-2/Ezh2 and two accessory proteins, MES-3 and the WD40 protein MES-6/Eed (Bender et al., 2004; Xu et al., 2001). Ectopic CHE-1 expression in mes-2 and mes-3 null mutants that lack both maternal and zygotic gene activity did not induce neurons in the germline (data not shown), but this is because the germline of such animals degenerates during larval stages (Capowski et al., 1991). In contrast, partial knockdown of mes-2, mes-3, and mes-6 by RNAi in a genetic background that was not sensitized for RNAi improved the fertility and viability of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-treated animals, allowing the production of more germ cells, and these germ cells appeared superficially normal (Figure S1). After feeding animals with dsRNA against mes-2, mes-3, and mes-6, we induced che-1 expression in the progeny of dsRNA-fed animals in all tissues through the heat-shock promoter, at approximately mid-larval stages. Feeding of control dsRNA or no dsRNA resulted in heat-shock-induced che-1 being able to ectopically induce the ASE fate marker gcy-5 exclusively in a small number of head neurons. In contrast, RNAi of each member of the C. elegans PRC2 complex (mes-2/Ezh2; mes-3 and mes-6/Eed) resulted in che-1heat-shock -dependent gcy-5 expression in the germline (Figure 1), providing the first hint that, as in lin-53(RNAi) animals, the germ cells may have converted into ASE-like neurons. This effect is not merely the result of improved germline expression of che-1, as shown by antibody staining (Figure S2). Neuron-like conversion is not observed in zygotic mes null mutant animals that still have a maternal mes gene contribution (M+Z−), suggesting that partial (but not complete) elimination of maternal mes by RNAi allows germ cell survival and generates susceptibility to conversion.
To study the cell-fate conversion in more detail, we performed RNAi against mes-2, mes-3, and mes-6, and induced che-1 in a number of transgenic animals that express several reporter gene constructs. These included a second marker of ASE fate (ceh-36) and two panneuronal markers (unc-33 and snb-1). We found that all of these markers were induced in the germline under these circumstances (Figure 2A). Neuronal marker induction was not only observed at the level of reporter transgenes but was also confirmed by single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH; Raj et al., 2008), which revealed induction of endogenous neuronal genes, normally expressed in ASE (gcy-5 and unc-10), in converted germ cells (Figures 2B and 2C). Moreover, germ cell nuclei lost their characteristic "fried-egg" morphology and acquired a speckled nuclear morphology characteristic of neurons, and there was a concomitant loss of expression of the germ cell marker PGL-1(Figure 2D; Figure S3). Most strikingly, marker-gene-expressing cells extended cellular axo-dendritic-like projections, demonstrating that germ cells do not merely derepress marker genes but are also morphologically transformed into neurons (Figure 2D). These extensions show clusters of presynaptic proteins, as assessed by UNC-10/Rim antibody staining (Figure 2E), corroborating the neuronal nature of these converted cells. All of these che-1-dependent phenotypes in mes-2, mes-3, and mes-6 (RNAi) animals are highly similar to the phenotypes observed with lin-53(RNAi) (Figures 1 and 2; Tursun et al., 2011).
Focus of Action of the PRC2 Complex
mes-2/Ezh2 and mes-6/Eed are known to be broadly expressed in embryonic somatic cells and in embryonic and adult germ cells (Holdeman et al., 1998; Korf et al., 1998). To analyze lin-53 expression, we generated a fosmid-based lin-53 reporter in which gfp was inserted into the lin-53 locus in the context of ∼40 kb of genomic sequence, including the lin-53 locus and several genes upstream and downstream of the locus. Transgenic animals expressing this reporter showed broad lin-53::gfp expression in all somatic tissues and the germline at all stages examined (Figures S4A and S4B). To test the most parsimonious model of PRC2 acting autonomously in the germ cells rather than in the surrounding somatic gonad to prevent che-1-induced germ-cell-to-neuron conversion, we sought to eliminate PRC2 specifically in germ cells by using animals that lack the RNA-directed RNA polymerase rrf-1. rrf-1 is required for RNAi in many somatic cells (including the somatic gonad), but is not required for RNAi in the germline (Sijen et al., 2001). RNAi against mes-2,3,6 and lin-53 in an rrf-1(pk1417) mutant background will therefore eliminate gene function in germ cells but not in the somatic gonad. We found that in such animals, the che-1-induced conversion phenotype of mes(RNAi) and lin-53(RNAi) animals was still readily observable (Figures S4C and S4D).
Germ-Cell-to-Neuron Conversion Occurs in the Context of a Global Loss or Global Redistribution of H3K27 Trimethylation
Previous studies have shown that genetic removal of mes-2, mes-3, and mes-6 results in a genome-wide loss of H3K27me3 in the germline that can be readily assessed by staining nuclei of mes-2, mes-3, or mes-6 mutant cells with H3K27me3 antibodies (Bender et al., 2004). We found that RNAi knockdown of not only mes-2, mes-3, or mes-6 but also lin-53 caused a loss of H3K27me3 in germ cells (Figure S5). These results suggest that genome-wide removal of H3K27me3 correlates with the susceptibility of germ cells to be converted into neurons, and they further underscore the expected phenotypic similarity of lin-53(RNAi) and mes-2/3/6(RNAi).
Recent work has shown that PRC2-mediated H3K27 methylation is antagonized by H3K36 methylation, suggesting that H3K36me is at least partially responsible for the precise genome-wide distribution of H3K27me3 (Gaydos et al., 2012, this issue; Yuan et al., 2011). In C. elegans, the histone methyltransferase MES-4 is responsible for all H3K36me2 and contributes to H3K36me3 (Rechtsteiner et al., 2010). As shown in the accompanying article (Gaydos et al., 2012) and summarized in Figure S6, loss of mes-4 causes a genome-wide redistribution of H3K27me3, resulting in a net decrease of H3K27me3 on many somatic genes, including ASE-expressed and panneuronal genes. We found that in mes-4(RNAi) animals, germ cells also become susceptible to che-1-induced neuron conversion (Figure S6). Taken together, our data indicate that disruption of H3K27 methylation patterns, either through genome-wide knockdown or through genomic redistribution, renders the genome accessible to regulatory inputs that drive specific somatic cellular fates.
Mitotic Cycling Is Not Required for CHE-1-Driven Germ-Cell-to-Neuron Conversion
Having established the importance of PRC2 in the germ-cell-to-neuron conversion process, we next asked whether PRC2(−) germ cells need to be in a specific cellular state to be converted into neuron types. In wild-type animals, germ cells are in various states of mitotic and ensuing meiotic maturation. We could rule out that being in a meiotic state is required for che-1-induced neuron conversion, because we found that RNAi against PRC2 components or lin-53 prevents meiotic entry of germ cells, as deduced by a lack of staining of the meiotic marker HIM-3 (Figure 3A).
Cell division has been proposed to be an important mediator of transitions between different states of gene expression, and transcription-factor-induced cellular reprogramming is indeed aided by cells being mitotically active (Egli et al., 2008; Hanna et al., 2009). We therefore asked whether the susceptibility of PRC2(RNAi) mitotic germ cells to conversion requires the mitosis process per se. To address this question, we treated worms with dsRNA and arrested the cell cycle before inducing che-1heat-shock, and then determined whether the arrested cells were still convertible. Cell-cycle arrest was achieved in two independent ways. First, we blocked the cell cycle chemically through hydroxyurea (HU) treatment. HU arrests the cell cycle in S phase, as previously documented in many defined settings, including the C. elegans germline (Fox et al., 2011). We confirmed the effect of HU by counting the reduction of germ cell number and by observing the loss of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation (Figures 3B and S7). We found that PRC2(RNAi) cells treated with HU could still be converted into ASE-like neurons through heat-shock induction of che-1 (Figure 3B).
As an independent approach to investigate the role of the cell cycle, we blocked the cell cycle genetically with the use of a temperature-sensitive allele, tn377, of the cell-cycle regulator emb-30, an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome component (Furuta et al., 2000). We grew dsRNA-treated emb-30(tn377ts) animals at 15°C and inactivated emb-30 by shifting the worms to 25°C 8 hr before che-1 heat-shock induction. Through staining with PH3, a marker of metaphase, we confirmed that within these 8 hr, an increased number of germ cells indeed became mitotically arrested (Figure 3C). We found that ectopic che-1 could still convert germ cells into neurons if PRC2 had been knocked down (Figure 3C). We conclude from these results that PRC2(−) cells can be directly reprogrammed into neurons without the need to pass through the cell cycle.
The Germ-Cell-to-Neuron Conversion Process Passes through an Immature Neuronal Stage
In our previous phenotypic characterization of converted neurons in the germline of PRC2(RNAi) animals after che-1 expression, we focused on examining terminal markers of ASE neurons but did not examine possible intermediary stages of the conversion process. Although many markers of immature neurons have been identified in vertebrates, the only broadly expressed, early neuronal marker in C. elegans of which we are aware is the bHLH cofactor hlh-2/Daughterless. hlh-2 is expressed broadly in the developing nervous system during mid-embryogenesis, but its expression fades in postmitotic neurons (Krause et al., 1997). This is consistent with the activity of lineage-specific, proneural bHLH partners of hlh-2, which in most organisms studied to date (including C. elegans) operate transiently during development to ensure the induction of neuronal fate (e.g., Poole et al., 2011). hlh-2 is not expressed in the germline of wild-type animals (with or without che-1 induction) or in PRC2(RNAi) animals, but is transiently induced in the converted neurons of PRC2(RNAi); che-1(hs) animals (Figure 2F).
Specificity of Somatic Fate Conversion
We next asked whether the removal of PRC2 components makes mitotic germ cells also susceptible to be driven to nonneuronal, somatic fates. To address this issue, we turned to the C. elegans MyoD homolog hlh-1, a factor that acts, in analogy to neuronal terminal selectors, as a direct regulator of terminal muscle features (Lei et al., 2010). Previously, we found that in lin-53(RNAi) animals, ectopic induction of hlh-1 was not able to convert mitotic germ cells to muscle (Tursun et al., 2011). To probe this issue further, we generated new hlh-1 transgenic lines that are less repetitive in nature than the ones previously used and therefore less prone to partial or complete silencing in the germline (Experimental Procedures and Figure S2). We found that upon knockdown of the PRC2 component mes-6 or lin-53, hlh-1 was indeed able to convert germ cells directly into muscle-like cells, as assessed by the induction of transgenic markers for two distinct muscle proteins, UNC-97/PINCH (a muscle dense body component that also localizes to muscle nuclei; Hobert et al., 1999), and muscle myosin (myo-3; Fire and Waterston, 1989) (Figures 4A and 4B). Moreover, using antibody staining (Figure 4C), we observed the induction of two additional muscle proteins: Kettin, a normal component of myofibrils (Ono et al., 2006), and the transcription factor UNC-120/SRF, which is one of the three components (along with HLH-1 and HND-1) of the muscle-specific regulatory signature (Fukushige et al., 2006). A morphological transformation was also observed in the form of converted cells displaying a distinctive muscle nuclear morphology, based on size and perinuclear localization of UNC-97 (Figure 4).
Based on the phenotypic similarities that resulted from the knockdown of lin-53 and the mes-2, mes-3, and mes-6 genes, as well as the physical association of fly and vertebrate orthologs of their protein products (Kuzmichev et al., 2002; Margueron and Reinberg, 2011), we conclude that the lin-53 phenotype we previously reported is likely the result of the functional disruption of the PRC2 complex. The conserved enzymatic role of PRC2 is the deposition of H3K27 di- and trimethyl marks, which are associated with developmentally regulated gene repression. PRC2 has numerous intricate biological roles that vary depending on cellular and temporal developmental contexts (Margueron and Reinberg, 2011; Zhang et al., 2011). For example, in C. elegans, PRC2 has been shown to play a role in restricting the plasticity of somatic cells in the developing embryo (Yuzyuk et al., 2009). Our findings suggest that PRC2 defines a chromatin state in germ cells that protects the genome from aberrant regulatory inputs. Disruption of this chromatin state renders germ cells susceptible to direct, cell-cycle-independent conversion into differentiated somatic cell types. These findings provide a conceptual framework for understanding the cellular context dependency of transcription factors that may be dictated by protective chromatin states. Protective chromatin states may differ among different cell types because the loss of PRC2 only makes germ cells, and not other somatic cell types, susceptible to cellular conversion. Recent work in Drosophila illustrated that repressed chromatin has distinct molecular signatures (van Steensel, 2011), and these signatures may be used in a cell-type-specific manner.
Our findings can also be viewed from the perspective of the multistep process of development from a germ cell via a zygote to a differentiated somatic cell type. We show that this process can be dramatically short-cut through the manipulation of chromatin modification patterns and provision of terminal selector transcription factors. The deposition of chromatin marks to specific genomic regions and the choice of a specific terminal selector transcription factor can be viewed as the ultimate goal for cells to achieve during development to adopt their final identity.
Experimental Procedures
Strains and Transgenes
The following strains and transgenes were used:
SS186: mes-2(bn11) unc-4(e120)/mnC1 dpy-10(e128) unc-52(e444)II
SS262: mes-3(bn35) dpy-5(e61) I; sDp2(l;f)
OH9209: otIs264 [ceh-36::tagrfp]
OH10596: otEx4720 [hlh-2fosmid::yfp; rol-6(d)]
OH439: otIs118 [unc-33::gfp]
OH10003: pha-1; otEx4445[snb-1::NLSrfp; pBX]
DG627: emb-30(tn377)III
NL2096: rrf-1(pk1417)I
OH10993: otEx4944 [lin-53fosmid::gfp; rol-6(d)]
OH10995: otIs377 [myo-3::mCherry]
OH10994: otEx4945 [hsp16-2prom::hlh-1::2xFLAG; rol-6(d)]; mgIs25[unc-97::gfp].
Like the che-1 heat-shock array otIs305 (and other previously described che-1 arrays; Tursun et al., 2011), the hlh-1 heat-shock array otEx4945 is a complex array, generated by coinjection of PvuII-digested, bacterial genomic DNA (∼150 ng/μl); the hlh-1 expression construct (0.5 ng/μl); and pRF4 (2 ng/μl). In contrast to simple arrays, such complex arrays are not normally silenced in the germline (Tursun et al., 2009; L. Cochella, B.T., and O.H., unpublished data). The previously used hlh-1 transgene (Tursun et al., 2011) is a simple array (Fukushige and Krause, 2005). The lin-53 fosmid reporter was generated with 10 ng/μl lin-53::gfp fosmid, 2 ng/μl pRF4, and 135 ng/μl PvuII-digested, bacterial genomic DNA. The hlh-2 fosmid reporter was a kind gift from the Greenwald laboratory.
The lin-53 fosmid reporter was generated by fosmid recombineering (Tursun et al., 2009), using fosmid WRM0634aA12. This transgene does not rescue the putative null (n3368). Primer sequences are available upon request. The resulting transgene, again generated as a complex array, is called otEx4944.
Antibody Staining, smFISH, and Microscopy
For antibody staining, we used a freeze-crack protocol on whole worms (Duerr, 2006). Worms were washed, suspended in 0.025% glutaraldehyde, and spread out between two frost-resistant glass slides. The slides were frozen on dry ice and cracked open to break the cuticle of the animals. Acetone/methanol fixation was used for most antibodies to prevent gonad extrusion. The freeze-cracked worms were incubated for 5 min each in ice-cold acetone and methanol. The worms were then washed off the slides in 1× PBS, blocked, and stained. Blocking was done in 1× PBS with 0.2% gelatin and 0.25% Triton for 30 min at room temperature. Antibodies were diluted in 1× PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 0.25% Triton. Primary antibody was left on overnight at 4°C and secondary antibody was applied for 3 hr at room temperature. After the secondary antibody was washed off, the worms were incubated with DAPI for 15 min, washed again, and mounted on glass slides. The primary antibodies used were RIM2 (developed by Michael Nonet, obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank; used at 1:10 with 3.5% paraformaldehyde fixation); anti-PGL-1 (rabbit polyclonal antibody, 1:500, a gift from Susan Strome); P-granule component monoclonal antibody OIC1D4 (developed by Susan Strome, obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, used at 1:5); anti-HIM-3 (1:500, a gift from Monique Zetka); Kettin MH44 antibody (obtained from Pamela Hoppe and used at 1:250; described in Francis and Waterston, 1985; H3K27me3 (1:500; Millipore); anti-UNC-120 antibody (a gift from Michael Krause, used with 3.5% paraformaldehyde fixation at 1:10 dilution); anti-HA (1:50 with paraformaldehyde fixation; Roche); anti-FLAG (paraformaldehyde fixation; Sigma). All secondary antibodies were Alexa Fluor dyes used at 1:1,000 dilution.
smFISH was performed with the use of Custom Stellaris FISH probes purchased from Biosearch Technologies, and staining was done according to the manufacturer's protocol. μManager was used for image acquisition and processing (Edelstein et al., 2010).
RNAi was done as previously described (Tursun et al., 2011). In brief, transgenic worms expressing heat-shock-inducible che-1 or hlh-1 in either the N2 wild-type background or mutant backgrounds (emb-30 or rrf-1) were transferred to plates that were seeded with bacteria containing specific RNAi clones against lin-53, mes-2, mes-3, or mes-6 at the L4 stage. Compared with mes null mutant animals, whose germline degenerates, the F1 progeny of RNAi-treated animals contained more germ cells, and these germ cells appeared superficially normal as assessed by staining with germ cell markers (Figure S6, and shown as controls in Figures 2C and 3A). These worms were heat shocked at the L3–young-adult stage by incubation at 37°C for 30 min. The heat-shocked worms were kept at 25°C overnight and scored the following day. emb-30 mutants were grown at 15°C, shifted to 25°C for 8 hr when F1 progeny on RNAi plates were at the L3–young-adult stage, heat shocked at 37°C, kept overnight at 25°C, and scored the next day.
Cell-Cycle Arrest by HU Treatment
HU treatment was performed as described previously (Fox et al., 2011). In brief, plates were seeded with MG1693 bacteria that had incorporated 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU). To assess cell-cycle arrest, HU at a final concentration of 250 μM was added to some of the plates. L4 animals, grown on OP50, were moved to the HU-treated and -untreated EdU-labeled bacteria plates. After 5 hr, these animals were washed off, freeze cracked on poly-L-lysine-coated slides, fixed with 3% paraformaldehyde, and stained with DAPI. The EdU detection reaction, which labels EdU with an Alexa-Fluor dye, was performed with the use of an EdU labeling kit (Invitrogen).
We thank Tim Schedl, Susan Strome, and Iva Greenwald for comments on the manuscript; Tim Schedl and members of his laboratory for technical advice; Monique Zetka, Susan Strome, Pamela Hoppe, Iva Greenwald, and Michael Krause for reagents; and Qi Chen for expert assistance in strain generation. This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (1R21NS076191-01) and the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust. T.P. was funded by a National Science Foundation predoctoral fellowship, and B.T. was funded by a Francis Goelet Postdoctoral Fellowship. O.H. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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Publication Information
Received: May 21, 2012
Revised: July 18, 2012
Accepted: September 14, 2012
Published: October 25, 2012


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Long Trail House - Stratton MountainOn Stratton Mountain, this luxurious ski resort offers a spa, golf course, and apartments with a living area along with a full kitchen. A ski and snowboard school is on site.
Score from 10 reviews
Very good
- 8/10


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My viewed hotels
Looking for something else?
Ritz Carlton Chicago (A Four Seasons Hotel)160 East Pearson Street, Gold Coast, Chicago, IL 60611 (Show map)
Score from 120 reviews
The Welcoming atmosphere of the Ritz (Every Employee) was fabulous from arrival through departure went a long way to make the trip a very enjoyable experience. The Response of "No" just doesn't happen.
The friendliness and professionalism of the entire staff! They go out of their way to ensure that you have what you need..from directions, to local eateries, to sights, and more..awesome!
The location can't be beat. So convenient. Our room had a beautiful view of the lake. Staff at every level was so professional and competent. We really felt like guests in their private homes. It was a perfect mother/daughter weekend getaway.
Staff is very welcoming, friendly, helful, responsive, professional and generous. Breakfast is great! Omelet and French Toast.
Abu Dhabi
sauna with dry and steaming chambers was very clean, you could use gym
I loved the view and the size of the room.I enjoyed sitting there with coffee and newspaper in the morning sun. The room had an elegant and peaceful feeling.I liked the double vanity sinks and the space in the one side of the bathroom.I found all the staff pleasant and extremely kind.
Beautiful hotel. Great beds. Sheets
location, staff friendliness,
Location near everything. Great shopping and restaurants walking distance.
Mexico city
room with lake view had really very nice view.
Located on top of Chicago's famous Water Tower Place, this hotel offers artfully decorated guest rooms with large picture windows that provide views of iconic Chicago architecture or Lake Michigan. The luxury shops and restaurants of the Magnificent Mile are mere steps from this hotel. A 37-inch flat-screen TV and free Wi-Fi are included in every room at Ritz Carlton Chicago (A Four Seasons Hotel). Each room also includes a spacious marble bathroom with free deluxe toiletries. Guests can enjoy an aquatic workout in the temperature-controlled, 4-lane lap pool or relax in the on-site spa. The hotel features 24-hour concierge services and a casual Cafe restaurant. Guests can also use the modern fitness center or the 24-hour business center at the Chicago Ritz Carlton. In the heart of the Gold Coast neighborhood of Chicago, this hotel is less than one mile from the Navy Pier entertainment area. The Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art is adjacent to the hotel. We speak your language! Hotel Rooms: 434, Hotel Chain: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. The most recent booking for this hotel was made on Mar 15 at 6:30 PM from the United States.
Why use Booking.com?Why use Booking.com?Low ratesNo booking fees • Save money! • Best Price Guaranteed 436,233 properties worldwide
Including 117,847 vacation rentals Unbiased reviews26,350,000 reviews from real guests We speak your languageWebsite and customer service in English (US) and 41 other languages Booking is safeWhen you book with us your details are protected by a secure connection. ActivitiesGolf Course (within 2 miles), Sauna, Fitness Center, Spa, Massage, Hot Tub, Indoor Pool, Bicycle Rental Food & DrinkRestaurant, Bar, Breakfast in the Room InternetFree! Wi-Fi is available in all areas and is free of charge. ParkingPrivate parking is available on site (reservation is not needed) and costs USD 48 per day. ServicesRoom Service, Packed Lunches, Car Rental, 24-Hour Front Desk, Express Check-in/Check-out, Currency Exchange, Tour Desk, Ticket Service, Baggage Storage, Babysitting/Child Services, Laundry, Dry Cleaning, Ironing Service, Shoeshine, Meeting/Banquet Facilities, Business Center, Fax/Photocopying, Souvenir/Gift Shop, VIP Room Facilities GeneralNewspapers, Safe, Shops (on site), Non-smoking Rooms, Facilities for Disabled Guests, Family Rooms, Elevator, Heating, Hypoallergenic room available, All Spaces Non-Smoking (Public and Private), Designated Smoking Area Languages spokenPolish , Spanish , English Check-inFrom 3:00 PM Check-outUntil 12:00 PM Cancellation/
The Langham ChicagoFeaturing a riverfront location in the heart of Chicago, this lavish hotel has floor-to-ceiling windows with city, lake, or river views from each guest room.Most recent booking for this hotel was yesterday at 19:53
Score from 53 reviews
- 9.7/10
Radisson Blu Aqua Hotel ChicagoIn Chicago's Lakeshore East neighborhood, this luxury hotel is in the modern Aqua building. Free Wi-Fi access is provided in every room, and Millennium Park can be reached in a 5-minute walk.Most recent booking for this hotel was yesterday at 19:50
Score from 31 reviews
- 9.2/10
Trump International Hotel & Tower ChicagoFeaturing an on-site spa and rooms with floor-to-ceiling windows, this 92-story landmark of stainless steel and glass stands proudly next to the Chicago River with spacious views of the city skyline.Most recent booking for this hotel was yesterday at 18:54
Score from 137 reviews
- 9.3/10
Ivy Boutique HotelFeaturing floor to ceiling windows and plush amenities, this Chicago luxury boutique hotel is less than a 5 minute walk from shopping opportunities on the Magnificent Mile and other Michigan Avenue...Most recent booking for this hotel was yesterday at 15:00
Score from 194 reviews
- 9.2/10


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Kaz Hirai on Sony's big 2014 plans: CEO talks online TV service, 4K TV, and wearables
LAS VEGAS -- "We're trying to bring a new experience to TV viewing, trying to combine live TV and access streamed content as well."
Read between the lines if you can, because Sony President and CEO Kaz Hirai wasn't dishing a lot of details on the just-announced streaming TV service he revealed during a CES keynote earlier today. But in a short roundtable discussion with a small group of journalists (including CNET) a few hours later, Hirai was clearly excited about the service that Sony promises will come to the US by the end of the … Read more


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Friday, January 22, 2010
Friday Flow Charts: A Cognitive Map of Keith Olberman's Self-Regard
Plebs and Patricians, Freedmen and Slaves, Romans and Provincials, and Everything North of the Po
I like the Captain's thoughts on the Supreme Court decision, and I urge you to read them as an antidote to the general caterwauling about how deeply, deeply unfair it is to the Donk that Corporate America can now presumably spend freely on elections, despite the fact that Corporate America has long been perfectly happy to support saps, or sops, like Barry O.
I think it is generally fair to say that we're going to continue in the Roman mold for the forseeable future, evolving into a complex system of contingent rights and privileges for various classes of persons and organizations.
Thursday, January 21, 2010
Democratic Snore
I hope everyone had a happy and prosperous Scott Brown Day!
Everyone was a winner in our celebratory rounds here at Who Is IOZ?! But Tyler DiPietro, who has a blurgh about math-uhhhhmm-matics, deserves plaudits for pointing us to an hilarious Donk blog that we too often neglect, Pandagon, erstwhile home of L'Ezra Klein, current cavern of one Amanda Marcotte, who opines:
[W]hen Democrats are ineffectual, Republicans win. Not because of switch voters, but because the Democratic base gets demoralized.Caveat! I have in the past been guilty of calling AMERICA! an idiot stepchild and American citizens a murder of morons, porcine and complacent, sated with cheap goods and lousy entertainment, an embarrassment of bad manners and mediocrity, the most distressingly backward global hegemon since, well, the British. That said, I am no defender of democracy. I regard it warily. I cross to the other side of the street when it approaches in its baggy pants and oversized tee-shirts. Not because I am prejudiced, mind you. Not a bone in my body! Just to be on the safe side. Just to hedge my bets.
Oh yeah, and because of swing voters. I don't really think most American voters, Republican or Democratic, are stupid. Most vote their resentments or their hopes (Rs the former and Ds the latter, mostly), or their financial interests (tax cuts or social spending). But those people are pretty consistent voters. It's the people who can swing an election that are dumb as bricks, and the Coakley campaign is a perfect example of this---it's upsetting that you're going to lose votes because of sports team affiliations, saying arrogant but kind of meaningless things, and other pointless mishaps. It's frustrating that enough people to swing an election are motivated more by dumbfuck things like that rather than passing health care reform. But you know, Republicans and the good Democratic politicians are willing to sweep those votes up, and Coakley wasn't, and the results were to be expected from that angle.
But Marcotte and the Gang, these are gals who believe. Believe in democracy. Believe in progress. Believe in America, its potential betterment, its perfectability. Also: in the inherent goodness and rightness of their plan, and since their own self-evident superiority is so . . . self-evident, any countervailing activity among the electorate must indicate some moral and intellectual failure on the part of the voters. Yes, the very foundation of our politics. Those fucking idiots.
What's interesting about her analysis is that it locates this moral imbecility solely in those voters who can be swayed by political campaigns. Party-line voters--Dems who pull the lever for vague hope; Goops who pull the lever for vague hate--are taken to be rational. Isn't adulthood, after all, little more than the solidification and cementing of cognitive biases? Those who waver, meanwhile, are damned fools, man-children, slobbering degenerates who cannot be trusted at the tiller of the ship of state.
Of course, had these voters chosen Madame Jokely, we would find Marcotte praising their sagacity. Yes, they may have wavered, but at last they came to understand that the GOP is jut the Party of NO and the Donk is gonna breathe life into the dust of health care. Obama is not a bought-and-sold corporate stooge. Though hemmed by institutional disfunction, the Dem congress is actually trying to get things done. And isn't that what we want? To get things done. To Govern! Lord, let us be governed. Forbid and forfend any pause in the increase of obligations and regulations.
Liberals were once fond of arguing that behind the patriotic gauze, Conservatives really hated America. They were always traducing its core, Constitutional values. It was a parochial but pithy observation that had, that has merit. On the other hand, liberals like Marcotte secretly despise the very system of representative government that they purport to venerate. They hate voters and think them ignorant. They believe in a sort of bowdlerized, near-universal false consciousness. They harp constantly on the poor fools who just don't know what's best for them, who are "dumb as bricks"! What an odd view of the best and noblest form of government, the highest development of human society yet to grace the Earth.
All together now on three. The food in this restaurant is terrible! And the portions! So small!
Wednesday, January 20, 2010
Scott Brown Day, a Continuing Celebration, Part IV
The fundamental pact between a political party and its supporters is that the two groups believe the same thing and pledge to work on it together. And the Democratic base feels that it has held to its side of the bargain. It elected a Democratic majority and a Democratic president. It swallowed tough compromises on the issues it cared about most. It swallowed concessions to politicians it didn't like and industry groups it loathed. But it persisted. Because these things are important. That's why those voters believe in them. That's why they're Democrats.Ezra Klein is a you'll-pardon-the-expression heterosexual and so he may be unfamiliar with the old homosexual adage: if you persist in swallowing, you'll never get off your knees.
-Ezra Klein
As a bit of more pertinent advice for our intrepid young commentari'ite, I offer this: when you come to understand that the fundamental pact is not between a political party and its supporters, but between the political parties and their supporters, all dis shit makes a lot more sense.
Scott Brown Day, a Continuing Celebration, Part III
I guess Democrats really didn't realize that they would be held accountable if they got the reigns of complete power and were not transparent. Crap like buying off Ben Nelson's vote by bribing him with our money is insulting. The internet is just a tool of transparency, and no one, least of all the online progressives, has been fooled by the last year. The Republicans have come into our hometown and kicked our butt tonight. The Democrats have less than 10 months to start governing as a people-powered party, or they will lose both the House and the Senate.The what? The internet? So, because of The Internet laying bare the selective allocation of discretionary funds to states in order to secure the votes of legislators, Martha Jokely lost in Massawhosets? With our money. Yes, the foundations of the Republic are rocking. Yea, verily.
-Jerome Armstrong of MyDD
Someone should probably explain to Mister Armstrong that The Democrats are a "people-powered party." See below:
Scott Brown Day, a Continuing Celebration, Part II
I cannot say this enough. The policy front speaks for itself. But the meta-politics is real. It's a big. But it's something Democrats have great difficulty with.The . . . the what? The meta-politics. What the fuck is that? I mean, it's like, it's uh, it's politics that's aware that it's politics? It's politics made conscious of its own artifice? Politics crafted to deal with its own politicsness? A screaming comes across the sky, you losers. Fin.
Josh Marshall
Scott Brown Day, a Continuing Celebration, Part I
Haha! Yeah! I mean, without six hundred and forty-three votes in the Senate, how will the Democratic Party ever be able to further criminalize poverty? That shit is fucked.
In light of today's hilarious and wonderful MA election results, I command you, you fags and fagettes, to go forth into The Internet and return with the best and most preposterous Donk rearguard blog action. Post 'em to comments. I will be handing out blogroll additions, top-post shouts, and various and sundry other awards, praises, and commendations for your efforts. Gintilmin! Start! Yer. Ngiiiinnnnzzz!
Tuesday, January 19, 2010
Indecent Behaviour
When I worked at the Institute for Humane Studies, I argued that the Institute should try placing Koch Fellows in the bureaucracy and not just at think tanks. I didn't convince anybody. I guess a state apparatus entirely innocent of moderating libertarian influence will eventually collapse under the pressure of its internal contradictions. Right?I must politely dissent, because I guess [ed. hope] the state apparatus will eventually collapse under exogenous pressures that the apparatus lacks the capacity to overcome, adapt to, or assimilate. Meanwhile, I think the authors of the Reason article that Will links are living in an amusingly counterfactual alternate history when they write:
-Will Wilkinson
Most liberals believe deeply in government. As a result, they sit on school boards, city councils, and regional planning boards. They become expert at navigating through the bureaucracy and know which bureaucratic levers to pull to make their policy vision reality.I would say instead that "conservatives and libertarians [...] from the world of business" like government just fine so long as it distributes resources in their direction, making them the same as liberals. These supposed "high-profile attempts to shrink government" were in reality bogus plots to achieve electoral dominance and encourage different modes of and targets for government subsidy. The "government shutdown" was a failed parliamentary maneuver--Clinton called a bluff, and Gingrich had a lousy hand. Imbuing internecine spats with substantive meaning about the nature of governance in America is foolish. All parties rail against the wasteful prerogatives of the other until they achieve majorities, at which point the same truth is always revealed: it is not the waste, but the prerogatives. And even these differ not so much these days.
Many conservatives and libertarians come from the world of business. They don't particularly like government. They view it as merely a necessary evil. As a consequence, they rarely immerse themselves in the intricacies of governing, preferring to make their case from a safe distance.
Once in power, they tend to have far more difficulty navigating the complex terrain of the public sector. The result? From Ronald Reagan's Grace Commission to the 1995 government shutdown by a GOP Congress, most high-profile attempts to shrink government fail.
Until small-government types better master the nuts and bolts of the public sector—how to design policies that work in the real world and how to execute on large public undertakings—their initiatives to downsize government will continue to disappoint.
The sincerety of opposition to so-called big government and government spending exists in inverse proportion to electoral success. Remember, you Romans: Julian failed.
Monday, January 18, 2010
Mistah Potter, he dead.
Robert Samuelson, a relative nonentity who writes for the WaPo, must've called a friend and asked for a quick explanation of banker pay packages. His column is nuts and mostly backwards. It was in the olden days of staid bankers and brokerage houses that the main business and the salutary economic effect of what was not yet called "the finance industry" was the allocation of capital to actual industry. This remains the persistent defense of our bankmasters, but today's instatrade investment culture is not at all about moving capital into new industrial concerns; it's about hedging gazillions of tiny bets and pooling the hay-pennies per trade into massive amounts of wealth. It is parasitic and bubble-drive, purely speculative, and if you think that major banks still exist to finance the nation's industrial infrastructure, you'd do well to ask yourself which banks were solvent and able to lend ready-cash to, say, our automotive giants when they faltered.
Security Fears Mount in Absence of Evidence
For such a marginal school of politics, anarchy certainly seems to have insinuated itself globally. It is always breaking out, isn't it? After every man-made and natural disaster, the Times rushes in to warn about the dire consequences of a lack of law and order. Stories emanating from Haiti in the Anglophone press swiftly took up these important questions. Were there police? Had prisoners escaped from jail? Was there violence? There wasn't violence? Can we find some violence?
As "security fears mount in lawless post-earthquake Haiti," for instance, the intrepid reporters are unable to locate any problems with "security." They do manage two man-on-the-street, pull-quote interviews with men who have not been beset by crime, although the fellows do fear that is possible that there is a chance that they just might be at some point. The only so-called looting they manage to identify consists of starving people crawling through the rubble of groceries, seeking food. They throw in the obligatory references to the gangs of Cité Soleil--what Haiti story would be complete without this bit of local color--but refer to their activities in a past tense that speaks louder than an explicit admission: they could find no evidence of criminal violence in the aftermath of the quake. The closest that our reporters can find to civic unrest is a crowd of starving people gathering around the gates of an airport where they know supplies are being warehoused. Ah, but not distributed, and so out come the riot police!
The real story, plainly, is that ordinary people from all classes and walks of life are helping each other in whatever meager ways they can. Now the question arises: why write a thinly reported story about violence and criminality that do not presently exist? What is the larger tale being told? Who benefits?


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On the morning of July 11, 2012, five of South Carolina's seven deputies did not return to the house floor. Bishop Lawrence, after addressing the House of Bishops in a private session, also left the convention.
The full deputation released a statement, July 10, 2012, which said:
"Due to the actions of General Convention, the South Carolina Deputation has concluded that we cannot continue with business as usual. We all agree that we cannot and will not remain on the floor of the House and act as if all is normal. John Burwell and Lonnie Hamilton have agreed to remain at Convention to monitor further developments and by their presence demonstrate that our action is not to be construed as a departure from the Episcopal Church. Please pray for those of us who will be traveling early and for those who remain."
Those who did not return to the house of deputies were the Rev. Canon Jim Lewis, the Very Rev. David Thurlow, Elizabeth "Boo" Pennewill, Lydia Evans, and Reid Boylston.
Bishop Lawrence stated that the departure of the deputies should not be understood as a departure from the Episcopal Church. "Frankly, a deputation to General Convention has no authority to make such a decision."
Bishop Lawrence, in a private session of the House of Bishops on July 11, requested and received a point of personal privilege. During this time he expressed things for which he was grateful during this convention, the "intentional engagement in honesty and collegiality with fellow bishops." He also expressed his "grievous concern" with changes to the canons through resolutions D002 and D019, which have to do with transgender identity and expression, as well as with resolution A049, which authorized a provisional rite for the Blessing of Same-Sex Unions.
"These resolutions in my opinion," said Lawrence, "are disconcerting changes to the doctrine, discipline and worship of the Episcopal Church--to which every bishop, priest and deacon is asked to conform. More importantly they mark a departure from the doctrine, discipline and worship of Christ as this Church has received them, therein making it necessary for me to strongly differentiate myself from such actions."
At the conclusion of this private session Lawrence told the House of Bishops that he would not be continuing in the remainder of the Convention.
"I concur with the assessment of our canon theologian, the Rev. Dr. Kendall Harmon, when he described the actions of this General Convention as 'unbiblical, unchristian, unanglican and unseemly,'" said Lawrence.
Bishop Lawrence will be sending a statement to diocesan clergy, which is to be read in parishes on Sunday, July 15, 2012.
"Our deputation and I appreciate the prayers of so many in the Diocese of South Carolina," said Lawrence. "I know that some did not think we should attend the 77th General Convention, but I believe our presence and witness was important and even respected by many on both sides of the theological divide. As St. Paul states regarding his ministry, '…we refuse to practice cunning or to falsify God's word; but by the open statement of the truth we commend ourselves to the conscience of everyone in the sight of God.'" (2 Corinthians 4:2)
Filed under: * Anglican - Episcopal Episcopal Church (TEC) General Convention --Gen. Con. 2012 TEC Bishops * South Carolina
1. Undergroundpewster wrote:
Nuff said. July 12, 12:58 pm | [comment link] |
2. SC blu cat lady wrote:
I am glad that my diocese continues to differentiate itself from the rest of TEC as long as we are clear that such statements won't make a bit of difference to the revisionists and the rest of the pew potatoes in TEC. Such a true and godly witness! July 12, 2:27 pm | [comment link] |
3. Karen B. wrote:
I don't know if this has been posted elsewhere, but I just came across Cherie Wetzel's post about South Carolina at Anglicans United, where she posts an excerpt of +Mark Lawrence's testimony on the floor of the HOB prior to the A049 vote on authorizing the SSB liturgy (July 9). http://www.anglicansunited.com/?p=13618 It is this beautiful statement to which Jim Naughton tweeted |
4. Alta Californian wrote:
Thanks for that quote, Karen. That is one of the most elegant statements on the subject I've yet seen. I wonder if this will be the breaking point for DSC. I certainly hope that it isn't. I have come to believe that they are a far more effective witness for orthodoxy inside TEC than they would be outside (I don't mean to start a debate with my ACNA friends, merely to express my own opinion). They give many of us hope. But this we know, whatever +Lawrence and DSC do, it will be carefully and with much deliberation and prayer. In that prayer many of us will be joining them. July 12, 8:36 pm | [comment link] |
6. MichaelA wrote:
Oh dear, poor Jimmie Naughton doesn't like people thinking differently from him! This is the man who seems incapable of conducting any coherent analysis of TEC on his blog… July 12, 9:24 pm | [comment link] |
7. MichaelA wrote:
Alta Californian, that is certainly true. On the other hand, the folks in ACNA are able to carry on with their work of church planting and evangelism without the mill-stone of TEC's public image dragging down their witness. There are pluses and minuses to each way. But in the end, I believe a person who is in either TEC or ACNA should be where they are because they feel that is where the Lord is calling them to witness. July 12, 9:27 pm | [comment link] |
8. sophy0075 wrote:
May God protect all of the faithful in the Diocese of South Carolina from the Satanic onslaught that is likely to follow after your brave adherence to the historic Christian faith. July 12, 11:44 pm | [comment link] |
9. SC blu cat lady wrote:
Sophy, Thanks for the prayers of protection. There are many faithful laity and clergy in other progressive dioceses that need prayers of protection from Satanic onslaught more than we do. They are the ones who have to fight deadly Satanic influences every time they go to church (if they still do). July 13, 1:28 am | [comment link] |
10. Scatcatpdx wrote:
The quest would what happens next. Will Diocese of South Carolina be the next dioceses to pullout of the Episcopal Church. July 13, 12:09 pm | [comment link] |
11. Cennydd13 wrote:
10. They say they won't, but anything is possible. I believe that people can pushed and shoved only just so far before they finally snap and say "Look, enough is enough…...we're outta here!" July 13, 1:22 pm | [comment link] |
12. SC blu cat lady wrote:
I am not making any predictions! Nuff said! July 13, 2:33 pm | [comment link] |
13. Bookworm(God keep Snarkster) wrote:
..."Mark Lawrence is lost Yeah, but that's better than being absolutely lost on Brokeback Mountain. July 13, 8:29 pm | [comment link] |
14. hbunce wrote:
The (c)hurch has become apostate. I have watched creeping secular humanism, situational ethics, political Socialism (now called Progressivism), and outright sin take over the worldly organization, my Episcopal Church. The body has died. Let us not grieve over the corpse. |
15. Milton Finch wrote:
The camp can may receive donations at the diocesan site to offset any boycott a liberal may decide to impose upon us. Telos, my brothers and sisters! (Telos is Greek for end, tax or impost…which is where we got our word for imposition, I guess.) July 29, 6:49 pm | [comment link] |
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