text:
FederalNewsRadio.com - Purpose of Comments statement Click to show
Hubbard Radio, LLC encourages site users to express their opinions by posting comments. Our goal is to maintain a civil dialogue in which readers feel comfortable. At times, the comment boards following articles, blog posts and other content can descend to personal attacks. Please do not engage in such behavior here. We encourage your thoughtful comments which:
- Have a positive and constructive tone
- Are on topic, clear and to-the-point
- Are respectful toward others and their opinions
Hubbard Radio, LLC reserves the right to remove comments which do not conform to these criteria.
You are reading comments on the story:
GOP Medicare plan borrows from and repeals Obama's
Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wis.), the top GOP budget writer, borrowed the idea of insurance exchanges, a big pooled marketplace, from the health care law enacted in Massachusetts when GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney was governor. Ryan wants to set one up for Medicare.


text:
- Adoptions
- Veterinary Hospital
- Veterinary Services
- Hours and Location
- Facility
- Veterinary Team
- Financial Programs
- Boarding Services
- Community/Rescue Partners
- Programs & Services
- Resources
- Support SF SPCA
- About Us
San Francisco, Dec 21 2009: Celebrity spokescat Morris, famous for his appearances in 9Lives® commercials, stopped by Macy's Union Square for a photo op this week. Among the delighted fans were two cats in the San Francisco SPCA's Holiday Windows display. This hilarious vignette chronicles the cats' attempt to capture the celebrity visit for posterity on their video camera.
For more San Francisco SPCA videos, see our YouTube channel.
The San Francisco SPCA is a community-supported, non-profit animal welfare organization dedicated to saving, protecting and providing immediate care for cats and dogs who are homeless, ill or in need of an advocate. The SF SPCA also works long-term to educate the community, reduce the number of unwanted kittens and puppies through spaying and neutering, and improve the quality of life for animals and their human companions.
Support the San Francisco SPCA by adopting, donating, volunteering and becoming a client of the state-of-the-art SF SPCA Veterinary Hospital at the Leanne B. Roberts Animal Care Center. SF SPCA has San Francisco volunteer opportunities to care for shelter dogs and cats, conduct adoption counseling, assist clients and veterinary staff at the Leanne B. Roberts Animal Care Center, provide foster care, help with the Community Cats Program, and enrich the lives of people in the community through animal-assisted therapy.
For more information about San Francisco pet adoption, call the San Francisco SPCA at (415) 522-3500 or visit sfspca.org.
Jen Lu
Communications Manager
Krista Maloney
Communications Associate

subset: commoncrawl


text:
IRVING, TX -- Texas A&M placed a league-best 18 student-athletes on the inaugural Academic All-Big 12 Equestrian Team, the Big 12 office announced Tuesday.
Highlighting the Aggie honorees was senior Elizabeth Solch, who was one of just two on the entire 52-member squad to boast a perfect 4.0 GPA.
Along with Solch, Lindsey Bernbaum, Amanda Brightwell, Lia Chafee, Courtney Dawe, Maggie Earle, Cassie Mantor, Kori Pickett, Darby Sherrod, Kelsi Shevlin, Hannah Soibelman, Nancy Sorrell, Megan Webb, Erica Whaley and Emily Williams were first-team honorees. Kelsey Adams, Katie Lisabeth and Emma Myers were named to the second team.
First team members consist of those who have maintained a 3.20 or better GPA while the second team selections hold a 3.00 to 3.19 GPA. To qualify, student-athletes must maintain a 3.00 GPA or higher either cumulative or the two previous semesters and must have participated in 60 percent of their team's scheduled contests.
Freshmen and transfers are not eligible in their first year of academic residence. Senior student-athletes who have participated for a minimum of two years and meet all the criteria except percent of participation are also eligible.
The complete Academic All-Big 12 team can be found at big12sports.com.
Texas A&M opens defense of its Big 12 Championship on Friday at 10 a.m. when the Aggies face off with Baylor in the semifinal round at Timbercreek Stables in Manhattan, Kan.
2012 Academic All-Big 12 Equestrian Team (A&M honorees)
First Team (3.20-plus GPA; *indicates nominated with a 4.00 GPA)
Name, School Class Major Hometown
Lindsey Bernbaum, Texas A&M So. Animal Science Dufur, Ore.
Amanda Brightwell, Texas A&M Sr. Spanish San Antonio, Texas
Amelia Chafee, Texas A&M Sr. International Studies Little Compton, R.I.
Courtney Dawe, Texas A&M Sr. University Studies--Leadership Studies Scottsdale, Ariz.
Margaret Earle, Texas A&M Sr. Agricultural Leadership and Development Fallbrook, Calif.
Cassandra Mantor, Texas A&M Jr. Animal Science Cropus Christi, Texas
Kori Pickett, Texas A&M Jr. Human Resources Development Mount Airy, Md.
Darby Sherrod, Texas A&M Sr. Animal Science Conroe, Texas
Kelsi Shevlin, Texas A&M Jr. Agricultural Leadership and Development Alpharetta, Ga.
Hannah Soibelman, Texas A&M Sr. Agribusiness Evergreen, Colo.
Elizabeth Solch*, Texas A&M Sr. Master of International Affairs Cincinnati, Ohio
Nancy Sorrell, Texas A&M Sr. Biomedical Science Lufkin, Texas
Megan Webb, Texas A&M Sr. Animal Science Burlington, W.Va.
Erica Whaley, Texas A&M Sr. Animal Science Cumming, Ga.
Emily Williams, Texas A&M Jr. Kinesiology--Motor Behavior Woodbine, Md.
Second Team (3.00 to 3.19 GPA)
Name, School Class Major Hometown
Kelsey Adams, Texas A&M Sr. Forensic Investigative Science Colleyville, Texas
Kathryn Lisabeth, Texas A&M Sr. Agricultural Leadership and Development Canton, Ga.
Emma Myers, Texas A&M Jr. Animal Science Yamhill, Ore.
To comment, the following rules must be followed:
Comments may be monitored for inappropriate content, but the station is under no legal obligation to do so.
If you believe a comment violates the above rules, please use the Flagging Tool to alert a Moderator.
Flagging does not guarantee removal.
Multiple violations may result in account suspension.
Decisions to suspend or unsuspend accounts are made by Station Moderators.
Questions may be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Please provide detailed information.


text:
Sign up for our newsletters!
Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Subscribe to O, The Oprah Magazine |
Is it better to stay at home with your children or return to the workplace? Leslie Bennetts's new book, The Feminine Mistake: Are We Giving Up Too Much?, takes a closer look at that question. Jean talks with Leslie about the struggle working women face when they have children.
Leslie says her book is sparking debates nationwide about whether women should be concerned about leaving the workplace to raise their children. She says statistics show that 95 percent of women will be alone at some point in their lives, mostly due to the shorter life expectancy of men and the high rate of divorce. Leslie says women need to be financially prepared to support themselves and that leaving the workplace to raise children creates serious obstacles to that—in fact, staying away from the workforce for just three years could reduce a woman's future income by up to 40 percent, she says. Leslie highlights some other findings:
Published on June 04, 2007


text:
Search Result
Search Tags: vdot
Va. unpaved roads creating problems for school buses, commuters
Impassable, muddy Virginia roads are absorbing any gravel put down and getting more snow this week that will make the travel conditions worse, residents say.
Tags: traffic, Loudoun County, unpaved roads, megan cloherty,
ListenVDOT contract worker killed when trucks crash
Tags: snow plow, fatal crash, snow, winter weather
Worker struck by VDOT dump truck dies
A contract worker for the Virginia Department of Transportation was killed after he was struck by another VDOT dump truck in Loudoun County, Virginia State Police say.
Pothole maintenance falls through cracks due to constant storms
Road crews report resources are in good shape ahead of the oncoming storm. But with constant clean-up going on, there isn't time for regular maintenance.
VDOT to close I-81 travel center in Troutville
Tags: Troutville, I-81,
Companies propose solutions to fix I-66 traffic
At the same time drivers sit in the bumper-to-bumper traffic that plagues weekday commutes on I-66, an in-depth discussion is going on in regards to long-term solutions to solve the congestion woes along one the busiest highways in our region.
Tags: I-66, congestion, ari ashe
VDOT says bridge-tunnel undamaged by water deluge
A state transportation spokeswoman says the Hampton Roads Bridge Tunnel wasn't damaged when a fire suppression and valve system was activated by accident.
495 shoulder lane to open during rush hour in 2014
Virginia's Department of Transportation hopes to open the left shoulder on a 1.5-mile stretch of the Inner Loop of the Capital Beltway during both rush hours starting late next year.
Tags: beltway, commuters, ari ashe, traffic, Interstate 495, shoulder
VDOT adds studs to bridge deck to reduce wrecks
Tags: James River Bridge


text:
Reinventing Cellulosic Ethanol Production
An Israeli startup says that it has a cheap process to make biofuels from cellulosic materials.
4 comments
Discover one of our 28 local entrepreneurial communities »
Be the first to know as we launch in new countries and markets around the globe.
Interested in bringing MIT Technology Review to your local market?
Unsupported browser: Your browser does not meet modern web standards. See how it scores »


text:
Flash is not supported on this device. If you wish to listen to this audio, you must download and play an mp3 using an mp3 player on your device. CLICK HERE
Press the play button to hear the latest news from THE REGION.
Munster Police say a suspect was in custody pending charges after a homicide. Police say they were called to the 800 block of Boxwood early Tuesday reference to a disturbance. Officers tried to make contact with the subject inside, but authorities say he had barricaded himself and would not respond. The Regional SWAT Task Force was activated, deploying a remote controlled robot inside the home and the suspect surrendered. Police say the victim was rushed to the hospital and succumbed to her injuries in the emergency room. Officials say more information is being released today.
< Prev | Next > |


text:
The private Cihan news agency reported that Deniz Gül, who was driving the car near Topçular village, 15 kilometers from the village of Hani, along with Ziya Özkılıç and an unidentified third person, refused to stop after terrorists from the PKK demanded they do so.
The PKK terrorists opened fire on the car, killing Özkılıç and injuring the two others.
The terrorists escaped the scene, and the injured were taken to Diyarbakır Dicle University Hospital.
Muhabir: todayszaman.com


text:
A collection of news and information related to National September 11 Memorial & Museum published by this site and its partners.
Top National September 11 Memorial & Museum Articles
Displaying items 23-33
Metropolitan Museum says it will return Cambodian statues
National 9/11 memorial in N.Y. now charges $2 for some reservations
Katapodis back on campaign trail
Hardy top vote-getter in H.B. City Council race
Tri-State briefs
Story | Sep 2, 2012 | 6:32 PM9/11 memorial ceremony set for Sunday CHAMBERSBURG, Pa. — An 11th-anniversary memorial ceremony for Sept. 11, 2001, will be Sunday at 3 p.m. on the grounds of the 9/11 Memorial and Franklin County Veterans' Memorial Park, adjacent to the... -
Before Towson University inauguration, Loeschke takes center stage in 'Love Letters'
Huntington Beach remembers 9/11 with ceremony
Events of Sept. 11, 2001 remembered during memorial ceremony at Franklin County Veterans' Memorial Park
Kitsap 9/11 Memorial Project
Chilling 9/11 note finally reaches family
Daniels: Lower Indiana flags to half-staff Tuesday
Story | Sep 10, 2012 | 1:10 PMINDIANAPOLIS (AP) — Gov. Mitch Daniels has directed that flags across Indiana be lowered to half-staff Tuesday in honor of Patriot Day and the National Day of Service and Remembrance commemorating the Sept. 11 terror attacks. Daniels's office...


text:
36395 : Microsoft IE ActiveX (pdwizard.ocx) Unspecified Memory Corruption Printer | http://osvdb.org/36395 | Email This | Edit Vulnerability
Internet Explorer contains a flaw that may allow a malicious user to remotely execute arbitrary code. The issue is due to an unspecified vulnerability in the pdwizard.ocx Active X object and is related to MS VB6 objects and memory corruption. It is possible that the flaw may result in a loss of integrity.
Microsoft has released MS07-45 to address this issue. Additionally, it is possible to correct the flaw by implementing the following workaround(s): prevent COM objects from running in IE and/or configure Internet and Local Intranet security zone settings to "High" to prompt before running ActiveX Controls and Active Scripting in these zones.
CVSSv2 Base Score = 9.3 Source: nvd.nist.gov | Generated: 2007-08-15 | Disagree?
Add Comment Hide Add Comment


text:
St. Cloud State goalie Ryan Faragher (right) is hugged by Drew LeBlanc after the Huskies lost 4-1 to Quinnipiac in a Frozen Four semifinal Thursday, April 11, 2013, in Pittsburgh. LeBlanc won the Hobey Baker Memorial Award the next day and signed with the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks. (Gene J. Puskar / Associated Press)
Read the article: Husky with a Hobey: LeBlanc wins Hobey Baker
Read the article: Our view: Accomplishments lost amid horrible news


text:
My wife Sharon and i was visiting some people in Chestnut and came across this damage.
Sharon Ginger holding the corn stock, Todd peifer holding the metal and Sandra Northrup .
the corn was leveled.
Logan County Tornado damage 8 09
This story is inappropriate and should be flagged for moderation. Please choose from one of the following options:


text:
Jump to main content.
National Center for Environmental Economics
Contact Us Search: All EPA NCEE
EPA Office
Ref. Number
Document Type
Title (Downloadable)
Assessment Topic
powered by
Regulatory Economic Analyses All NCEE Web
This report addresses nitrogen oxides (NOx) controls for new cement kilns and focuses specifically on staged combustion in the calciner (SCC), selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR), and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) as processes for the control of NOx.


text:
FREE SHIPPING ON THOUSANDS OF STYLES. EVERY DAY.*more info
Style: RWFP2341 001
New Balance Komen Women's Capri Pant
The New Balance Susan G. Komen Women's Capri Pants will help push you to the next level in your training. The stylish yet performance-driven capri pants feature an extra wide waist band for increased comfort, compression fit to keep your muscles focused and Lightning Dry fabric to wick away sweat so you stay cool and dry. New Balance donates 5% of suggested retail sales price from the Lace Up for the Cure collection to Susan G. Komen for the Cure. 87% polyester, 13% spandex.
You may also like
Customer Reviews


text:
Welcome, guest
By Anastasia Donde
Mon Sep 26, 2011
The former Martin Currie and Man Group sales executive will fill a new role for the specialty credit manager.
Onex Credit Partners, the alternative asset management arm of Toronto private equity firm Onex, has hired Clayton Cheek as head of institutional relationship management and marketing, a new position. In this role, Cheek will be working with pension funds, nonprofits and institutional...
The full contents of this article are available to Absolute Return subscribers and trialists only.
To continue reading please, take a free trial, subscribe or log in.
Subscribers have unlimited access to all current and archive content. Start your subscription today - click on the button below.
Subscribe now
Sorry, you are not allowed to print this article.
Please contact us if you have any enquiry:Email: email@example.com
Call: UK & EMEA +44 (0) 20 7779 7339Americas +1 212 224 3067 Asia-Pacific +852 2842 6953


text:
I've got a problem: the better my business does, the less money I have. I'm not alone. Virtually all growing companies have problems with cash flow.
A business going through a growth phase is like a teenage boy -- they eat and eat and eat and yet seem to stay hungry. Sure, they're getting bigger -- and hopefully healthier -- but meanwhile, it's costing a fortune.
In past years, I've had clients who've returned from trade shows glowing, having landed big orders for their young companies. They're excited by their success, but now they have the very real problem of coming up with the money to fill those orders.
They're the lucky ones. Typically, if you want to grow a small company, you've got to sink the funds into new product development, additional locations, or expanded marketing activities BEFORE you make the sales. All the while wondering, "If I build it, will they come?"
When customers come, you've got to pour more dollars into staffing, supplies, inventory, customer service, and all. Healthy, growing businesses cost money -- money you often don't see for many months after you make a sale.
For instance, I'm a book publisher. I get paid by my distributor three months after they ship an order to a bookstore. I might be able to handle three months of a cash flow crunch. But I've had to pay people to edit, layout, print, and ship the books months in advance. The more books I sell, the more money I have tied up.
Before you start looking for money, sit down and create realistic financial projections. Do you need money to fill orders? Do you have good accounts receivable? If so, you'll be able to choose different solutions than if your growth is more speculative. After all, while you might turn to Aunt Betty for a loan to fulfill a big order from a long-standing customer, you wouldn't want to ask the dear lady to fund a marketing campaign that might or might not be successful.
So what are the options? How can I -- or any company -- feed the constant appetite for cash of a growing company?
Remember, you don't have to grow. You can have a small, profitable company that maintains your lifestyle. But if you want to build for wealth and long-term value, you're going to have to grow your business. That means finding a way to feed its hungry appetite for cash.
Copyright Rhonda Abrams, 2003
Rhonda Abrams has just published the new Deluxe Binder Edition of her bestselling book, The Successful Business Plan: Secrets & Strategies. For Rhonda's free business newsletter, register at www.RhondaOnline.com.


text:
NVC Home
Apply Now
A-Z Index
Employee Directory
Research Help
MLA 2009 Information
Controversial essay research topics
Puente English 90
Meet This Year's Puente Program Students!
Google Documents
Faculty & Staff
Catherine Gillis
Controversial essay research topics
Catherine Gillis
Controversial essay research topics
Illegal Immigrants list in Utah
Business Approach to Illegal Immigration
Stem Cells (pro)
Immigrant farm workers (pro)
Prescription vs illegal drugs
Condoms in schools
Oscar Grant trial
Your brain on computers (con)
Medical marijuana
Food safety
Cuts to K-12 schools
Prescription drug side effects
School textbooks and changes
America Dumbing Down?
Chemicals in Our Food
Cheating in College
Arizona Immigration Law
Pain Medication Abuse
Robot teachers?
Home Computers and Students
Synthetic Marijuana


text:
- featured articles
Calculate your most fertile days
more >> - featured articles
Find the perfect baby name
more >> - featured articles
Expert tips for finding the right pediatrician
more >> - Toddler home
- Behavior
- Development
- Health
- Daycare & Education
- Recipes & Nutrition
- Activities
- Gear & Products
- Blog
- Formulas for Success
featured articlesHow tall will your kid grow up to be? Try our height calculator to find out
more >>- Child home
- Behavior
- Development
- Health
- Daycare & Education
- Recipes & Nutrition
- Fit Generation
- Activities
- Gear & Products
featured articlesMust-know tips for raising a happy, healthy family
more >>- featured articles
How healthy is your kid's lunch? Calculate the nutritional value now
more >> - featured articles
Sign up to get holiday recipes, crafts and stress-less tips delivered right to your inbox
more >> - Gear home
- Toys
- Books
- New Mom Essentials
- Baby Essentials
- Kid Essentials
- Mom Must-Haves
- Computers & Video Games
- DVDs
- Music
How tall will your kid grow up to be? Try our height calculator to find out
more >>- Mom home
- Health & Fitness
- Work & Family
- Relationships
- Single Parents
- Beauty & Style
- Relax & Recharge
- Money & Saving
featured articlesSign up to get recall alerts, recipes, parenting secrets and more delivered right to your inbox
more >>- Dad home
- A Day in the Life of a Stay-at-Home Dad
- Famous Dads on Fatherhood
- 20 Cool Dad Tattoos
- 19 Super-Fun Free Apps for Dads
Video: The most hilarious dads on the playground.
more >>
Bring on the Christmas Spirit!
December 10, 2012
© Erin Zammett Ruddy
Sometimes decking the halls is just the thing to take your mind off of whatever ails you. Here's a peek at the full-on holiday immersion we had over the weekend. 'Tis the season!
You may look at these photos and think what a happy, sweet family they must be. Well, full disclosure: In between many of these shots, there were meltdowns (all four of us took turns) and time outs and feet stomping and the usual shenanigans. But overall it was a great family weekend of holiday prep and merriment. We bought and decorated our tree, hung wreaths, made holiday treats, watched The Grinch and Arthur Christmas, bought new and special ornaments (Alex got a fish hook thingy and Nora got a pink glittery nutcracker; I got a s'more snowman) and the Christmas carols cranked throughout. I even ordered Alex his violin (and marshmallow shooter). All the holiday prep was the perfect antidote to any scroogey/grinchy feelings we may have had. It's definitely been a rough few months in these parts for so many people, but seeing the house all done up really does make me happy—and the kids are in constant awe, which is so fun to see. Here's how it all went down. Or up, I should say…
On Friday after school, we picked out our Christmas tree. We get it from our local fire department—love supporting them, particularly after our "gas leak" incident over the summer.
The kids helped hang roping and lights on our fence. They also decorated each other, of course.
I have a bunch of red plastic balls that the kids are allowed to hang. They put all of them in one big clump, naturally. I can't remember why Nora was undressed but we went with it.
At one point, Nora looked up at me and said, "Wait, what is this again? What is this holiday called?" Um, Christmas, hello??!!!
After smashing a few ornaments, we took a break and made peppermint barf (Nick thought it was funny to call it that and—shocker!—the kids liked saying it, too).
Nora guarded the fridge so no one (her) could get in and stick their fingers in the hardening barf. Gross, I know. Sorry.
This is quite possibly my favorite shot. My earnest little boy was finally getting to hang the star, which he'd been asking about all weekend and his sister took the opportunity to raid his wallet down below.
Nick snapped this in the mirror of me snapping a pic of the kids. Cool shot, but weird to see my living room flipped!
Well-deserved, post-decorating martinis. Cheers! How's your house looking? Does the holiday décor make you happy, too?


text:
Last double-header of spring: I guess you could say the next one will be on March 22, at least Arizona time, as on that Saturday, we face the Dodgers twice in Australia! Very much a B-lineup to face LA in the day-game.
Patrick Corbin makes his penultimate start of spring this evening, in a rare night game at Salt River Fields.
Salt River Fields, here we come! Well, actually, by the time this gets published we'll already be sprawling on the grass beyond right field there, asking the Padres outfielder what steps he would take with regard to the situation in the Ukraine.
Another split-squad day, with two concurrent games this afternoon. I think attention will probably mostly be on Tempe Diablo, where Archie Bradley makes his second spring start.
It's the A's again, this time just up the road from where I work. Hmm, think the office would notice if I declared a long, unilateral "meeting" this afternoon?
Cahill takes the mound for the second time this spring, after a successful and victorious first outing. No Goldie, Hill or Trumbo in today's line-up for the Diamondbacks.
Opening Day starter Patrick Corbin takes the mound today. With probably two more starts between here and Sydney, how many innings will he throw? This one's on Fox Sports Arizona, so don't forget to tune in!
The Diamondbacks hit the 101 North this morning, heading round to the Peoria Sports Complex to face the Padres, with Delgado making his second start of spring.
The third split-squad day on the schedule, but this one should go better than the half a game managed on Saturday. Brandon McCarthy starts on TV this afternoon, and Archie Bradley will hopefully do the same at Salt River Fields tonight.
The forecast gives a much lower chance of rain this afternoon than it did in the morning, so hopefully it won't be such a precipitation cluster as we saw yesterday, as we take on San Francisco in Scottsdale.
Another double-dip into the Diamondbacks, but at least they don't have to travel. It's a Salt River double-header, with the Brewers first in for the afternoon contest, and then the Cubs come to visit in the evening - Archie Bradley starts the latter.
One game of baseball not enough of you? Let's play two! The D-backs will be covering both ends of Maricopa County today, heading west to face the Dodgers again, and kicking things off down in Mesa against the Cubs.
The first Diamondbacks game of 2014, and the smell of new-mown grass and hope fills the air!
Might be the last gameday thread for 2013, unless the Salt River Rafters can catch the Mesa Solar Sox in the final week and make the championship game next Saturday. It's the last instant replay trial game, and is on the MLB Network.
My fellow SnakePitters. I come to you with a serious message. In just a few short hours, the 2013 major-league baseball season may be over, and sporting darkness will descend on the face of the Earth.
This series is now effective a best of three, so the winner is going to fly back to Boston needing just one more win, while the loser will enter win-or-die mode.
Well, that was certainly an interesting way to end a World Series game. First to end on an error since the infamous Buckner game in 1986, which also sent the Red Sox to defeat. How did that World Series end again?
There'll be no sweep for Boston this time, as they lost their first World Series game in 27 years on Thursday. Mind you, the Cubs haven't lost a World Series game in 68 years...
Last night's was a blowout, propelled equally by awful fundamentals by the Cardinals, and the impotent nature of their offense. What happened in previous World Series that opened in such a one-sided fashion?
The 2013 World Series get under way at Fenway this evening, in what promises to be an evenly-matched best of seven contest.
What has fifty legs and watches television? The Dodgers! Ah, it'll be a while before last night's mauling is not a source of joy. We could find out who they face this evening, if the Red Sox can also clinch at home against our blue/brown-eyed boy.
The Cardinals can finish off the Dodgers in front of a home crowd tonight in St. Louis, but will need to go through Clayton Kershaw to get there....
The Tigers got to Jake Peavy early yesterday, and this time, there was no late-inning meltdown, as they evened the series at two games apiece. Who'll take the advantage, before the series heads back to Boston on Saturday?
If the Cardinals clinch today, will they celebrate by plunging into an LA landmark? Boy, I hope Kim Kardashian is ready...
Could be a pivotal day in both the Championship series, as the Red Sox battle the Tigers in Detroit for the AL edge, while the Dodgers try to even things up at home against the Cardinals.
The Cardinals rode some excellent pitching and key plays in St. Louis to take both games, and head into California with a decisive edge, and their ace on the mound. Life is good. It could be better by the end of tonight. :)
We'll email you a reset link.
If you signed up using a 3rd party account like Facebook or Twitter, please login with it instead.
You must be a member of AZ Snake Pit to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at AZ Snake Pit. You should read them.
You must be a member of AZ Snake Pit to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at AZ Snake Pit. You should read them.
Choose an available username to complete sign up.
In order to provide our users with a better overall experience, we ask for more information from Facebook when using it to login so that we can learn more about our audience and provide you with the best possible experience. We do not store specific user data and the sharing of it is not required to login with Facebook.


text:
At Duke Heart Center, our team of providers is dedicated to your health and making your experience with us positive. Our multidisciplinary care ensures that you get care that's precisely tailored to your needs.
Learn about our team care approach.
Explore doctors' specialties, training, and more.
Browse Duke Heart Center physicians
Learn more about nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants you may encounter at Duke Heart Center.
Browse Duke Heart Center nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants


text:
Submit Review
Campground Search
204657 User submitted reviews online!!
Location :
Medicine Hat, Alberta
Ross Creek RV Park
[ 5/10 ]
The manager was quite nice and we did have a full hookup; however, if you want Internet you need to park somewhere else than on the back row as it does not work there. It is an ok park fairly close to town with no amenities.
Yankton, South Dakota
Ryken's RV Park
[ 7/10 ]
Friendly, helpful, bare basics camp. Easy to find, good pull off. The owner, who was working on his farm machinery, gave us a bunch of fresh-picked asparagus for our dinner. Would stay here again.
Lake Havasu City, Arizona
Havasu Falls RV Resort
[ 7/10 ]
This is an overpriced park. It is basically a parking lot with a few amenities. The spaces are large enough and it was quite clean. The electric was fine. The internet when it worked was fine but it did not work much at all.
Logan, Utah
Smithfield Canyon Lodge and RV
[ 10/10 ]
We stayed here for a week and loved it. It is a bit north of Logan in Smithfield Canyon but an easy drive to get to town. It is a back-in only and only one site so there is a lot of privacy. We had no problem backing in our 40 foot motor home. It has plenty of paved parking for both the motor home and our tow vehicle. The wireless Internet worked great. There are no public showers or restroom but with full hookup's we did not need them. The owners were responsive to all of our needs. It was nice to sit by the creek right outside and just relax with the creek and all of the trees. We never heard any of the traffic on the canyon road. We will definitely stay here again.
Tucson, Arizona
Tucson / Lazydays KOA
[ 7/10 ]
This park was fine but I gave it a lower rating due to the internet. They advertise that they have Wi-Fi however we never did get it to work for more than a few minutes. We complained that we could not keep connected and they said it had something to do with the electricity and that we could move to another site and it might be better. The sites are nice sized and they pick up garbage at the curb. We did not try any of the amenities.
Willcox, Arizona
Lifestyle RV Park
[ 8/10 ]
We enjoyed this park. Employees were friendly and helpful. We did not notice the trains at all. The lots were gravel but were level. The only downside at all was the Wi-Fi. It only worked occasionally. When it did work, it was fine but that was a minority of the time. We would stay here again.
Surprise, Arizona
Sunflower Resort (55+ park)
[ 5/10 ]
We stayed here in a motor home. We thought that they had internet but it never did work right and when we asked about it not working the lady at the desk said "it is what it is" and laughed. The only spaces for short term are in the back in a gravel parking lot. If we did not have friends living nearby we would not stay here at all. If you don't use their facilities the price is way out of line.
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Blackwell Island RV Park
[ 8/10 ]
This was a good campground in a good area, easy to get around in and the staff were friendly. Mostly gravel sites.
West Glacier, Montana
San-Suz-Ed RV Park
[ 8/10 ]
This is a nice park with lots of shade trees and a really friendly staff. We will stay here again.
Billings, Montana
Billings KOA
[ 5/10 ]
This is a nice park however I do not think that $44.00 for a site with no sewer and only 30 amp is reasonable. I will not stay here again.


text: If you are looking for an inexpensive reliable car to get you where you need to go, look no further than Gillie Hyde Auto in Glasgow KY. We offer a wide range of vehicles from variou brands including Buick, Chevrolet, Dodge, Ford, Honda,and Mazda, all for under 10K! We happily serve customers from all over, including Bowling Green, Elizabethtown, and surronding South Central Kentucky Areas. Feel free to give us a call or stop by one of our great Kentucky locations .


text:
Get 10% OFF Orders $99 or More + FREE Shipping
Black Widow Fusion II Grips - White
Click on main image for larger view
The Black Widow Fusion II Grip is a firm and highly textured grip for enhanced feel and control. The Fusion II features a Dual compound composition which controls vibration. Corded traction without the harshness of cord.


text:
Good one! Share your favorites and earn zulily credit. see detailsconnect
Sometimes treats aren't just to eat. Featuring a versatile silver chain, this necklace has a cupcake charm coloring its world. But if an edible snack is still in order, this set also comes with a cupcake and frosting recipe that's just as delicious as the jewelry it matches.


text:
An addictive puzzle game with hundreds of levels to challenge your brains and reflexes.
Find the lost cheese, dodge hedgehogs, and battle the evil Moby Duck in this fast-paced platform game!
The sequel to SubTerra featuring several dozen new valuables and puzzle objects.
Draconis, under construction
Pit Roger Wilco against Guybrush Threepwood in the adventurer's answer to Super Smash Bros!
A wild vector-based shoot-em-up with dozens of different enemies and powerups.
Soko-ban on steroids! Move all crates onto the same-colored storage, with more puzzle elements.
Help us create more games by making a donation.


text:
Welcome to Tesco Wine by the case.
We hope you enjoy your visit.
Use the options on the left to narrow your search further, or to widen your search, you can remove the selected options from the list above.
Showing products 1 - 2 of 2
previous page
next page
"The 2006 Teldeschi Zinfandel is deep garnet in colour and offers spicy aromas of cinnamon and cardam..." more about Ravenswood Teldeschi Zinfandel
£240.00 per case
Equivalent to £40.00 per bottle
240 Clubcard Points
"Flavors of blackberry, black cherry, cinnamon, and vanilla with ripe berry aromas. Balanced acids an..." more about Ravenswood Sonoma County Zinfandel
£81.00 per case
Equivalent to £13.50 per bottle
81 Clubcard Points
Showing products 1 - 2 of 2
previous page
next page


text:
John Townes Van Zandt I (March 7, 1944 – January 1, 1997), best known as Townes Van Zandt, was an American singer-songwriter. Many of his songs, including "If I Needed You" and "To Live Is to Fly", are considered standards of their genre.
While alive, Van Zandt had a small and devoted fanbase, but he never had a successful album or single and even had difficulty keeping his recordings in print. In 1983, six years after Emmylou Harris had first popularized it, Willie Nelson and Merle Haggard covered his song "Pancho and Lefty," scoring a number one hit on the Billboard country music charts. Despite achievements like these, the bulk of his life was spent touring various dive bars, often living in cheap motel rooms, backwoods cabins, and on friends' couches. Van Zandt was notorious for his drug addictions, alcoholism, and his tendency to tell tall tales. When young, he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and insulin shock therapy erased much of his long-term memory.
Van Zandt died on New Years Day 1997 from health problems stemming from years of substance abuse. The 2000s saw a resurgence of interest in Van Zandt. During the decade, two books, a documentary film, and a number of magazine articles about the singer were created. Van Zandt's music has been covered by such notable and varied musicians as Bob Dylan, Norah Jones, Lyle Lovett, Steve Earle, Cowboy Junkies, Andrew Bird, Robert Plant, Alison Krauss Gillian Welch, Laura Marling, The Avett Brothers, and Devendra Banhart.


text:
Kristen Green started making candles when a massage therapist friend mentioned that she couldn't find all natural unscented candles that she could then add the essential oils that she wanted for her aromatherapy sessions.
"I was making jams, jellies, and even some wine to sell at farmers markets," Kristen said.
Along-standing theory holds that "left brain" thinkers are analytical. They're able to look at a series of puzzle pieces and quickly decide how they fit together in a rational, sequential fashion.
A pilot struggled at the controls as his plane lost power and altitude.
Two of the B-17's four engines were now damaged by anti-aircraft fire.
It's a tradition for Ashley Westin and Tucker Lee to dress up for Halloween. Last year, with the assistance of a professional special effects artist, Lee was transformed into a decrepit old man. While he arrived at Paonia's costume parties too late for judging, everyone agreed he had a winning look.
Bucket lists became a common term after Jack Nicholson and Morgan Freeman paired up in "The Bucket List" in 2007. The movie told the story of two terminally ill men who become friends on a road trip around the world to accomplish things on their "bucket list" — things they've always wanted to do before they "kick the bucket" but lacked the courage to do on their own.


text:
promotional discount applied. Cart total will reflect savings.
Quantity discount will reflect in cart.
This product may only be purchased with the approval of a veterinarian and may require verification. We will collect any necessary information at checkout and verify a prescription if required.
Sometimes, manufacturers require that products be advertised only at their suggested prices. When we choose to sell these items for less, we display the sale price only in the cart. To see the price, click Add to Cart.
One-time delivery
Save 10% with Auto Ship (Details) Deliver Every: 2 Weeks 3 Weeks 4 Weeks 5 Weeks 6 Weeks 7 Weeks 8 Weeks 1 Month 2 Months 3 Months 6 Months
Farnam Quitt
Starting at: $17.19
Tory Harness Leather French Style Cribbing Strap
Now: $29.99
Now: $28.39
Farnam Chew Stop Aerosol
Now: $13.59
Product Summary:
Farnam® No Chew™ 32 oz.
Helps to protect facilities and horses by controlling cribbing and chewing
· Clear, non-staining formula contains natural ingredients
· Does not contain petroleum distillates – non-flammable
· Can be applied indoors or out on all wooden surfaces
· Does not affect the horse's health or the environment
· Quick drying and can be applied in wet weather
For Product Label and MSDS sheet please click on Manufacturer's Information to the right
Bimectin 1.87% Ivermectin Apple Flavored Wormer
Now: $2.59
Cowboy Magic Shampoo
Starting at: $9.49
3.60g Pyrantel Pamoate Single Dose Paste
Now: $4.69
Manna Pro Sho-Flex
Now: $24.69
Majesty's Flex Wafers
Starting at: $36.99
Select The Best MSM
Starting at: $13.69
Bronco e Equine Fly Spray
Starting at: $7.99
Farnam SandClear
Starting at: $73.94
SyrVet Flex Bandage
Starting at: $1.69
Cowboy Magic Conditioner
Weaver Original Nylon Halter
Starting at: $16.09
Shapleys Original M-T-G
Starting at: $6.89
Mustang Nylon Tail Bag
Starting at: $5.49
Mosquito Halt Spray for Horses 32 oz
Now: $16.79
Zimecterin Gold 7.75 Praziquantel Paste Wormer
Now: $8.99
1.87 Ivermectin Single Dose Paste Wormer
Now: $2.49
Weaver Multi-Color Poly Lead Rope w/Bolt Snap
Starting at: $11.09
Weaver Miracle Collar Fleece Covers
Now: $10.49
Product Reviews by Customers
This item is not eligible for Canadian shipping.
Some items everyday price is so low we can't discount or we have marked down the item to a final sale price. These select items will not be included in your order total when determining if your order qualifies for a promotional event.


text:
Login with Facebook
- One less password to remember
- Easily share with your friends
- We never post without your permission
Cool but prefere without that halftone
Sigh cause he's got no breath enogh? =) Nice!
That's a party colors!
Cool! I like the drawings but not that brown. Cool again!
Nice drawing, maybe better lil bit bigger.
Cool, but I prefere without uncle Bush.
Cool lettering!
Funny faces!
Funny idea!
Cool! Love those tatoos and colors!
Great! I'd to buy it!!!
I like it!


text:
Free Shipping over $75 | Low Price Guarantee | No Sales Tax except CA |
North American Pet Products' Bulk Lace Rock is a large aquarium rock garden accessory to liven up the luscious decor of your tank. This Bulk Lace Rock provides a mellow gray color that won't overpower your aquarium.
Join Us! Email Sign Up |
Customer Service |
Pet Shops |
Contact Us |
Follow Us |
© Copyright 2014 PetMountain.com |


text:
Please enter your travel dates.
King Larger Room
2 Doubles Bi-Level Jr Suite
King Larger 2 Room Suite
King (non-suite)
Hotel with a restaurant, in Charleston (Historic Charleston)
A stay at DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel & Suites Charleston places you in the heart of Charleston, walking distance from Charleston City Market and Charleston Legends and Lore Ghost Theater.
This hotel is within close proximity of Confederate Museum and The Powder Magazine.
Make yourself at home in one of the 212 air-conditioned rooms featuring flat-screen televisions. Wireless Internet access (surcharge) keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include safes and complimentary weekday newspapers, as well as phones with voice mail.
Take advantage of recreation opportunities such as a fitness center, or other amenities including wireless Internet access (surcharge) and concierge services. Additional amenities include babysitting/childcare, gift shops/newsstands, and shopping on site.
Enjoy a meal at a restaurant, or stay in and take advantage of the hotel's room service (during limited hours). Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Featured amenities include a 24-hour business center, limo/town car service, and express check-in. Event facilities at this hotel consist of a conference center, conference/meeting rooms, and small meeting rooms. Parking (subject to charges) is available onsite, and additional parking (subject to charges) can be found nearby.
Hotel Amenities
- General
The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Business amenities at this 3.5-star property consist of a 24-hour business center, limo/town car service, and small meeting rooms.
Public areas are equipped with high-speed wireless Internet access (surcharge). Event facilities include a conference center, conference/meeting rooms, and a ballroom. This business-friendly hotel also offers a fitness center, tour/ticket assistance, and multilingual staff. Parking is available onsite for a surcharge.
DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel & Suites Charleston is a smoke-free property.
- Air-conditioned public areas
- Multiple large conference rooms
- Total number of rooms - 212
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Number of floors - 5
- ATM/banking
- Elevator/lift
- Babysitting or childcare
- Ballroom(s)
- Fitness facilities
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Business services
- Concierge services
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Event catering
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Designated smoking areas
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Wireless Internet access - surcharge
- Shopping on site
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- 24-hour front desk
- Laundry facilities
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Multiple small meeting rooms
- Multilingual staff
- Valet parking (surcharge)
- Parking (surcharge)
- Parking nearby
- Parking nearby (surcharge)
- Patio
- Porter/bellhop
- Room service (limited hours)
- Conference center
- 24-hour business center
- Smoke-free property (fines apply)
- Smoke-free property
- Wedding services
- Internet
Available in all rooms: Wireless Internet access (surcharge)
Available in some public areas: Wireless Internet access - surcharge
- Parking
Parking (surcharge), Valet parking (surcharge), Parking nearby, Parking nearby (surcharge)
- Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Premium TV channels
- Pay movies
- Clock radio
- Coffee/tea maker
- Premium bedding
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Climate control
- Complimentary weekday newspaper
- Voice mail
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
- Turndown service (on request)
- Shower/tub combination
- Complimentary toiletries
- In-room safe
- Electronic check-out
- Electronic/magnetic keys
- Cable TV service
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Flat-panel TV
- Wireless Internet access (surcharge)
- Dial-up Internet access (surcharge)
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Dining
Hot/cold buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 7:30 AM and 10 AM.
DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel & Suites Charleston has a restaurant on site.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
- Recreation
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golf - driving range nearby
- Dock nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Swimming nearby
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Boat launch nearby
- Motor boating nearby
- Pilates classes/instruction nearby
- Yoga classes/instruction nearby
- Racquetball/squash nearby
- Running track/path nearby
- Basketball nearby
- Aerobics nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Horse riding/rental nearby
- Playground nearby
- Fishing nearby
- Tennis nearby
- Personal motorized watercraft on site
- Ecotours nearby
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Accessibility
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- In-room accessibility
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
Policies & Fees
- Check-in
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time starts at 4 PM
- Check-out
Check-out time is noon
- Payment types
Accepted at this hotel: American Express, Diners Club, Discover, MasterCard, Visa
- Pets
Pets not allowed
- General
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Minimum Spring Break check-in age is 18 years old.
Early departure fee charged
- Fees
- The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Breakfast fee: USD 14.95 per person (approximately)
- Fee for wireless Internet in public areas: USD 9.95 per day (rates may vary)
- Self parking fee: USD 25 per night
- Valet parking fee: USD 25.00 per night (in/out privileges)
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
- Additional Details
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.


text:
Photos: Snow hike at Hanging Rock Tower Trail
Tim Thornhill shares photos from a recent hike on the Hanging Rock Tower Trail. You can view them in slideshow above, or in a gallery view here. Here's more on the hike:
"Before Roanoke's first snow we went an hour west in search of a snowy hike. We found it at the Hanging Rock Tower trail near Paint Bank on Rt. 311. The area often gets the upslope snow that we miss here in Roanoke. The snow hike was great and the view was made better by the snow in the valleys below. Lunch at the nearby Swinging Bridge Restaurant by the fireplace was the perfect ending."
Submitted by Tim Thornhill


text:
DEMARINI 2014 Voodoo Paradox Youth Baseball Bat (-13)
Eligible for Free Shipping on Orders $49 or More! (see promotion details) |
Members of The League get 5% back when you spend $100! (see promotion details) |
Product Details
With the powerful 2014 DEMARINI® Voodoo® Paradox™ youth baseball bat in his hands, your little slugger will conjure up hit after wicked hit! Thinner, fine-tuned walls give its X10™ Alloy barrel an extremely responsive sweet spot, while the Paradox™ Composite handle delivers a super-stiff feel. An Ion V™ end cap prevents vibration and returns energy back into the barrel for maximum performance.
Key Specs:
- Model Number:WTDXVDL-14
- Barrel Size:2¼" Youth League Barrel
- Style of End Cap:Ion V Endcap
- Large Sweet Spot:Yes
- Handle Design:DeMarini® Paradox Composite
- Meets 1.15 BPF:Yes
Features | Benefits | |||
"Drop" is a weight-to-length ratio of a bat. Certain drops are required or limited for use in different leagues. | ||||
Combines a composite handle with an aluminum alloy barrel that results in an ultra-strong design. This redistributes the weight for better balance and allows for a faster swing with less effort. | ||||
Designed with a proprietary blend of alloy agents to create an aluminum with the most optimal strength possible. This unique formation of aluminum allows DeMarini to fine-tune the thickness of the barrel walls for the ultimate sweet spot. X10 Alloy is so strong, it adheres to BBCOR and every other standard while making the thinnest, lightest, strongest bat with the sweet spot players crave. | ||||
Performance doesn't stop in the bat with this tackified grip specifically designed for the DeMarini Voodoo®. |


text:
Virtual Residence Hall Tour
Welcome to our virtual tour of the residence halls. This tour replicates the sights and information shared during campus visits scheduled through the Office of Admissions.
All residence hall tours are lead by students living in the residence halls.
Computer Lab | Hoosier Cafe & Store | Learning Communities | Bathrooms |
Neighborhoods | Center Desk | Music, Movies& More | Laundry |


text:
You Are Here: | › › › Pacific Poncho |
The classic poncho is a great item for corporate giveaways, resorts, sporting events, an emergency item for your car or in your golf bag. Supple and lightweight New Englander Waterproof Polyurethane, bonded to a knit backing for enhanced fabric strength and durability, unlined. Heat-sealed seams. Front placket neck opening with snap closures. Hood with shockcord drawstring. Snap closures under arms. Comes packed in its own pouch.Item Colors
Blue, Navy
Blue, Royal
Green, Forest
*Stock item colors shown on website are for reference only and may not match actual item color. Please request a sample for exact colors.
Additional Information
Standard Production Time | 10 days. (Rush production may be available. Learn More) |
Weight | 10 oz |
Price Range | $20 - $49.99 |
Production Time | 10 Days or Less |
Production Time | 15 Days or Less |
Supplier | Charles River Apparel |
Price Range | Under $1.00 |
Production Time | 10 Days or Less |
Production Time | 15 Days or Less |
Imprint Information
Imprint Method | Silk Screen (This is the default imprint method. Other imprint methods may be available. Please call for details.) |
Graphic Design | There is no charge for art modifications and we offer FREE Virtual Proofs. Our skilled graphic design team can help put the finishing touches on your logo or artwork no matter what type of image you send us! |
Sending Artwork | Artwork can be uploaded during the last step of the checkout if buying or requesting a quote online. |
Prefered Image Formats | .EPS, .AI, .CDR (Vector format with fonts converted to outlines or curves) |
Accepted Image Formats | Any PC compatable file. Please to not send compressed Mac Files. |
Fonts | We have many fonts installed in our system that we are able to use upon request. If a specific font is requested that we do not have on file please have a copy of the font requested emailed to our art department for use. |
Stock Imprint Colors*
Blue, Dark
Blue, Light
Blue, Medium
Blue, Navy
Blue, Process
Blue, Reflex
Blue, Royal
Gold, Athletic
Gold, Metallic
Green, Dark
Green, Forest
Green, Kelly
Green, Light
Green, Medium
Red, Rhodamine
Red, Rubine
Red, Warm
Silver, Metallic (PMS-877)
*Stock imprint colors shown on website are for reference only and may not match actual print color. PMS charges may apply for non-stock ink color matches. PMS color matching is not available on all products.
This product has not been reviewed.
Be the first to review this product and share your thoughts with other customers
Create your own review
Create your own review
How to order
Still Need Help?
Still Need Help?


text:
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Current Biology, Volume 23, Issue 2, R57-R58, 21 January 2013
Add/View Comments (0)Embodiment of an alien hand interferes with intact-hand movements
Francesca Garbarini1, Lorenzo Pia1, 2, Alessandro Piedimonte1, Marco Rabuffetti3, Patrizia Gindri1, 4 and Anna Berti1, 2,
1 Psychology Department, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
2 Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
3 Biomedical Technology Department, Found. Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
4 San Camillo Hospital of Turin, 10152 Turin, Italy
- Can we fully incorporate into our body schema the body parts of others, altering our sense of ownership [1]? And, to what extent, given the tight link between body and motor representations, does an altered sense of body-ownership affect motor awareness [2] and the sense of agency [3,4]? The new study we report here demonstrates that a body part of one individual can become so deeply embedded in another's sensory-motor circuits as to have objective effects on the latter's motor execution. Indeed, we found, in right-brain-damaged hemiplegic patients who identified another person's hand as belonging to themselves, significant interference effects of the alien hand movements on the actual movements of their own intact hand.
Main Text
Our work involved right-brain-damaged hemiplegic patients affected by an atypical form of hemisomatoagnosia [5]. While not explicitly denying that their contralesional (left) limbs belonged to themselves (as in the well-known delusion of disownership [6,7]), these patients claimed that the examiner's left hand was their own whenever it was positioned, in egocentric coordinates, on the table next to their real left hand. This delusion of ownership, although resembling the 'rubber-hand-illusion' [1], was spontaneous and not induced by any experimental procedure. Interestingly, when the examiner moved his/her left hand, patients claimed that they were moving their own (paralysed) hand. (For clinical and anatomical details see the Supplemental Information and Movie S1. Pathological embodiment evaluation). We reasoned that, if this phenomenon is not the result of a mere verbal confabulation, but rather reflects a physically implemented embodiment mechanism, then it should alter patients' motor representation and motor behavior.
To investigate this embodiment, eight hemiplegic patients, three with (E+) and five without (E−) alien-limb-embodiment, as well as ten age-matched healthy controls, were tested with a circles-lines paradigm [8]. Here, when normal subjects are asked to simultaneously draw lines with one hand and circles with the other, both trajectories assume oval shapes, indicating that the motor programs of one hand affects the motor programs of the other (a 'bimanual coupling' effect [8,9]). Previous studies [2,10] have shown that this coupling effect strictly depends on the normal functioning of the intention-programming system. Indeed, having an effective intention to move is essential for triggering a cascade of operations that, in bimanual conditions, affect motor execution of both hands.
In the present experiment, hemiplegic patients were asked to draw lines with their right (healthy) hand and to 'try' to draw circles with the left (paralysed) hand in three conditions: in the absence of any alien hand (Bimanual-Circles-Lines-condition; BCL-c); simultaneously as the alien left hand drew circles in an egocentric perspective (Alien-Egocentric-Circles-condition, AECc); or in an allocentric perspective (Alien-Allocentric-Circles-condition, AAC-c). As a baseline, we used a Unimanual-Lines condition (UL-c), in which only the right hand drew lines (see Supplemental Information and Figure 1). Control subjects were asked to actually move both hands in BCL-c, whereas in the alien hand conditions (AEC-c and AAC-c) they were requested to draw lines with the right hand while the alien hand drew circles. By means of a tablet personal computer, an Ovalization Index was calculated as the standard deviation of the right hand trajectory from an absolute vertical line [2]. The coupling effect can be described as a significant increase of the Ovalization Index value with respect to the baseline (UL-c).
According to the literature, we would expect to find a coupling effect in BCL-c with normal subjects [8], but not with the E+ and E− patients who, being aware of their motor impairment (see Supplemental Table S1 ), do not program any movement with their left, paralysed hand [2]. Moreover, if the delusion of ownership shown by E+ patients arises from an abnormal embodiment of an alien hand that automatically triggers the intention-programming processes for their own hand, then, when the alien hand draws circles in the egocentric position (AEC-c, where E+ patients show their delusion of ownership), the lines should be ovalized as in healthy controls actually performing the bimanual task. On the other hand, we should not find any coupling effect in the alien-hand-conditions of E− patients (who, given the absence of any embodiment phenomenon, should not activate any effective motor program for the paralyzed limb) and of control subjects (who, not requested to move their left hand, only program right-hand movements). It is worth noting that these latter conditions were introduced because they are crucial for distinguishing between coupling effects induced by motor activation or coupling effect induced by visual feedback. Indeed, if by simply viewing a hand drawing circles can affect the hand drawing lines, then we should find an interference effect in both AEC-c and AAC-c of control subjects.
The results (Figure 1) show a significant coupling effect in healthy controls actually performing the bimanual task (BCL-c; P < 0.01 for each comparison; for statistical details, see the Supplemental Information ). On the contrary, neither E+ nor E− patients showed a significant coupling effect in BCL-c, confirming the fact that, although requested 'to try' to move their left hand, hemiplegic patients, fully aware of their paralysis, do not produce any effective motor programming [2]. Crucially, we found a significant coupling effect in E+ patients, and only in AEC-c, that is, in the condition where they showed the embodiment phenomenon (P < 0.01 for each comparison; see Movie S2. Alien egocentric circles (AEC) condition). Notably, the interference of the alien left hand movements, performing circles, on the actual movements of the patients' right hand, performing lines, was not different from the interference found in BCL-c of the healthy controls (P = 0.15). Moreover, in the alien-hand-conditions of healthy controls we did not find any coupling effect. This demonstrates that simply looking at an alien hand drawing circles is not sufficient to induce line ovalization (for a further discussion of this point see the Supplemental Information ). Finally, single subjects analysis confirms the presence of a significant coupling effect in the crucial AEC-c in each E+ patient (P < 0.001 for each comparison).
The coupling effect found in the alien-hand-condition of E+ patients clearly shows that their profoundly altered sense of body ownership affects both their motor awareness (E+ patients, usually aware of their motor impairment, were convinced that their left hand was moving) and their sense of agency (E+ patients ascribed the alien movements to themselves), by directly modulating action execution (patients showed an interference/coupling effect very similar to those found in healthy subjects actually performing bimanual circles-lines task). It is worth noting that, taking advantage of a well-known bimanual coupling task [8], we were able to describe a novel phenomenon that not only concerns the embodiment of a static alien hand, as in the rubber-hand-illusion [1], but also implies a complete assimilation of the alien hand motor parameters in the patients' motor representation. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of embodiment, and its objective motor consequences, have never been described before and indicates that our body schema is a dynamic representation that can incorporate alien body parts to a degree that an alien limb becomes monitored by the subject's central motor system, completely replacing, in the sensorymotor computation, the real own limb.
This study was funded by a Compagnia di San Paolo grant and a MIUR-PRIN grant (to A.B.). The authors are in debt to all patients involved in the study and with Carlotta Fossataro and Gianluca Solito for their help in collecting data. We are also grateful to Marco Neppi-Modona for his suggestions on the first draft of the paper and to Mary Lee Damutz who carefully reviewed the English.
Supplemental Information
- Movie S1. Pathological embodiment evaluation (MPG 4185 kb)
- The examiner asks the patient to reach his left (paralyzed) hand with his right (intact) hand. To be included in E+ group the patient has always to reach the alien left hand.
- Movie S2. Alien egocentric circles (AEC) condition (MPG 9409 kb)
- The examiner asks the patient to try to simultaneously draw lines with her right (intact) hand and circles with her left (paralyzed) hand. The alien left hand draws circles in egocentric prospective, congruent with the patient's body schema.
1 (2004). That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb. Science 305, , 875–857. PubMed
2 (2012). 'Moving' a paralysed hand: bimanual coupling effect in patient with anosognosia for hemiplegia. Brain 135, 1486–1497. PubMed
3 (2012). Sense of agency. Curr. Biol. 22, R390–R392. Full Text | PDF (202 kb) | CrossRef | PubMed
4 (2006). Having a body versus moving your body: How agency structures body-ownership. Consc. Cogn. 15, 423–432. PubMed
5 (2011). Ventral premotor cortex may be required for dynamic changes in the feeling of limb ownership: a lesion study. J. Neurosci. 31, 4852–4857. CrossRef | PubMed
6 (2011). An anatomical account of somatoparaphrenia. Cortex 48, 1165–1178. CrossRef | PubMed
7 (2011). Mirror-view reverses somatoparaphrenia: dissociation between first- and third-person perspectives on body ownership. Neuropsychologia 49, 3946–3955. CrossRef | PubMed
8 (1991). Spatial topological constraints in a bimanual task. Acta Psychol. 77, 137–151. PubMed
9 (2004). Parieto-premotor areas mediate directional interference during bimanual movements. Cereb. Cortex 14, 1153–1163. CrossRef | PubMed
10 (1998). Bimanual coupling in amputees with phantom limbs. Nat. Neurosci. 1, 443–444. CrossRef | PubMed


text:
Saturday, March 08, 2014
Follow us:
North Country/Tri-Lakes
STEUBEN COUNTY, N.Y. -- A teacher in Steuben County has resigned after being arrested on drug charges. Back in July, Corning Police say they got a call about someone asking a local pharmacy employee to steal narcotics in exchange for money.
Heather Darcangelo, an English teacher in the Corning-Painted Post School District, was arrested and charged with attempted criminal possession of a controlled substance. Darcangelo submitted her resignation letter, which took effect on November 30th.


text:
NCAI Welcomes Visitors to Annual Convention
Part 1:
Part 2:
"The tribal nations, many of them live in places where the federal government thought they would disappear, that they would not survive. Those nations have survived," said Jefferson Keel, president of the National Congress of American Indians in this arriving video to the 68th annual NCAI convention in Portland, Oregon. "So it's important that we remember that and we remind the federal government of its federal trust relationship and responsibility to the Indian nations that they signed treaties with."
Keel went on to speak about the importance of NCAI and it's efforts to get tribal nations to work together for the betterment of Indian country.
The NCAI convention continues through November 4.
You need to be logged in in order to post comments
Please use the log in option at the bottom of this page


text:
News Archive
Opportunity Profile for the Position of President Nov 11
The opportunity profile is now available on Denver Seminary's web site. read more
Grounds Institute hosts "Thinking Christians Talking Politics" Dialog Oct 23
In support of its theme, "Christian Concern for Our Common Life," The Grounds Institute of Public Ethics hosted a dialog between a McCain supporter and an Obama supporter. The dialog can be heard on Denver Seminary's web site. read more
Download materials from the Vernon Grounds Institute of Public Ethics Oct 10
Listen to the lectures from Drs. Sider and Bock or download the republished book by Dr. Grounds: "Evangelicalism and Social Responsibility". read more
Offer Feedback or Suggestions to the Presidential Search Advisory Committee Oct 1
The Search Advisory Committee welcomes your feedback and suggestions in the search for Denver Seminary's next president. read more
Launch of the Vernon Grounds Institute of Public Ethics Sep 17
With special guests, Dr. Ron Sider and Dr. Darrell Bock, the launch of the Vernon Grounds Institute of Public Ethics will feature two lectures, one evening gathering on Monday, October 6 with Dr. Ron Sider, and an afternoon gathering on Tuesday, October 7 with Dr. Darrell Bock. read more
Presidential Search Advisory Committee Sep 9
The board of trustees announces the formation of a presidential search advisory committee. Members include representatives from the board of trustees, staff and faculty. read more
Listen to Interim President Gordon MacDonald's Convocation Address Sep 5
"Five Smooth Stones" is now available on Denver Seminary's web site. read more
3 New Blogs Added to Seminary's Web Site Aug 29
Dr. Jan McCormack, Dr. Craig Blomberg, and campus chaplain Howard Baker add their voices to Denver Seminary's blog list. read more
Denver Seminary Appoints Interim President Aug 20
Denver Seminary's Board of Trustees is pleased to announce the appointment of Pastor Gordon MacDonald as interim president and Dr. Randy MacFarland as Provost/Dean. read more


text:
Welcome to the first guesthouse in Sendai, Japan, MIYAGI guest house!! Miyagi Guest House is a reasonable inn,... More Info »
A newly built eco-friendly, Japanese-style guesthouse opened in 2011 in Sendai. More Info »
Video guides, travel podcasts, city maps & free city guides. What to eat, where to stay and things to do and see - our travel guides have it all.
Find a guide »One early morning, accompanied with a semi-hot cappuccino and croissant eaten like a true Roman - standing up and in a hurry - I was off on the Metro to the Vatican.
Read more »We offer the most comprehensive selection of hostels on the internet with over 35,000 great places to stay in 180 countries. The ultimate online resource for hostels everywhere.
Find great value hostels »


text:
Entomology & Wildlife Ecology | Graduate Programs
The Department of Entomology and Wildlife Conservation is conducting an alumni survey to see how our graduates are doing and how they feel about their experiences at the University of Delaware, the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Conservation (ENWC), and their major.
Graduate ProgramsContact: Dr. Judy Hough-Goldstein, Graduate Coordinator
247 Townsend Hall
Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology
University of Delaware
Newark, DE 19716-2160
Office: (302) 831-2529
Fax: (302) 831-8889
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Effective September 2012
(pdf Version)
The Department offers programs leading to the Master of Science (M.S.) in Entomology, M.S. in Wildlife Ecology, and the Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology. Graduate students in these fields couple a focus on insects or vertebrates with a broad knowledge of other related fields of biology, especially ecology. Each candidate's program is planned with the help of the advisor and graduate committee. The M.S. degree programs prepare students for pursuit of the Ph.D. and careers in entomology, wildlife ecology, and other biological disciplines. Students pursuing the Ph.D. degree program in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology have to satisfy the requirements in at least one of two concentrations, Entomology or Wildlife Ecology. The M.S. in Entomology, in place since 1949, was changed to M.S. in Entomology and Applied Ecology in 1999, then back to M.S. in Entomology in 2007. The M.S. in Wildlife Ecology was added in 2004. The Ph.D. degree program received provisional status effective September 1, 1999, and received permanent status in fall of 2007. The department modified its name in 2003, replacing "Applied" with "Wildlife" to accommodate the emphasis on wildlife in the curricula.
Minimum requirements for admission to the master's and doctoral degree programs are an undergraduate academic index of 2.8 overall and 3.0 in the major field of study and a combined score of
1050 (300 for Revised GRE tests taken on or after August 1, 2011) on the verbal and quantitative portions of the GRE. Graduate GPA (if applicable) should be at least 3.2. A paper-based TOEFL score of at least 550 (or 79 computer-based) is required for international students. The Advanced GRE in Biology is strongly recommended for applicants. Scores are used for making course program recommendations and as additional information for awarding graduate assistantships.
Applicants for the M.S. degree must indicate choice of major. At any time before or after admission, an applicant or a student may request to change major. If the change is granted, all pertinent application and degree requirements of the new program will apply. An applicant should have passed courses in introductory biology and general ecology. Students lacking either of these courses must complete them within the first year of graduate study with a grade of B or better.
Applicants for all degree programs must submit one official transcript of all previous college records, provide a statement of objectives and interests, and have three recommendation forms completed by appropriate mentors and submitted to the University Office of Graduate Studies. At least two of these should be from faculty of the applicant's major department. The statement of interests should include the specialty area(s) within the program and possible faculty member(s) with which the applicant would like to work. Applicants for the Ph.D. degree are strongly encouraged to submit additional evidential material that attests to the applicant's ability to carry out and benefit from doctoral work. This material can include Master's theses, term papers, research reports, grant proposals, publications, evidence of teaching or professional work experience, etc. Ph.D. applicants must also identify a faculty member with whom they would like to conduct their research, and that person must agree to act as the student's advisor before the applicant will be accepted into the program. For most applicants, completion of an M.S. degree is required before admission to the doctoral program. However, exceptionally well-qualified students may be admitted directly to the Ph.D. degree program.
Admission to the graduate program is selective and competitive based on the number of well-qualified applicants and the limits of available faculty and facilities. Those who meet stated minimum requirements are not guaranteed admission, nor are those who fail to meet all of the requirements necessarily precluded from admission if they offer other appropriate strengths. Application for fellowship, tuition scholarship, or assistantship financial aid is a part of the admission application form and is made at the time of application. Applications being considered for financial support should be completed by February 1 for summer or fall terms and November 1 for entering in spring term. For further details, contact the chairperson of the department's Graduate Admissions Committee.
While it is possible to go directly to the Ph.D. program, the Department Faculty prefers that students complete the M.S. degree before being admitted or reclassified into the doctoral degree program in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology. Students already matriculated in the M.S. Program in Entomology or Wildlife Ecology and who plan to go on for the doctoral degree may, at an appropriate time, request reclassification to the Ph.D. program as a pre-candidate in lieu of reapplying for graduate study. The department Graduate Admissions Committee will review the request using the same criteria applied to all applicants to the Ph.D. program. Materials to submit with the request should include any updated information since the M.S. application (such as new GRE general test scores), three new letters of recommendation (one should be from the M.S. major professor), and written material resulting from the M.S. research completed to date. Requests should be submitted to the department Graduate Program Director in one of the following ways: 1) if sought before completing the master's degree, submit a letter of request for reclassification to the Ph.D. program; 2) if sought at the time of submitting the Application for Advanced Degree for the master's degree (last semester of M.S. program), check the appropriate box on the form indicating that you plan to continue in the doctoral degree program and submit a letter of request for reclassification; 3) if sought after completing the M.S., submit a new application with fee to the Office of Graduate Studies. Requests under the conditions for items 1 and 2 should include a graduate studies change of classification form. If the department does not approve the request for reclassification from the M.S. program to the Ph.D. program, the M.S. degree will be considered the terminal degree for the candidate.
Before an applicant is admitted to a program, a regular faculty member from the department must agree to serve as the major academic advisor for the student's committee. An adjunct faculty member, extension professional, or limited term researcher can serve as the major research co-advisor with the major academic advisor. The student (in consultation with the advisor) will form a graduate committee by the end of the first term. The composition of the graduate committee must be approved by the Department Chair and should be confirmed by memo from the advisor to the student with copies to the student's file and to committee members. The student may request in writing to the Department Chair that changes be made in the graduate committee at a later date. A committee meeting should be held as soon as possible to help plan the student's programs of course work and research.
The graduate committee for the M.S. should consist of the student's advisor, one other faculty member from inside the Department, and one expert from outside the Department. The graduate committee for the Ph.D. should consist of the major advisor and one other faculty member representing the student's primary area of study; one faculty member from within the department but from an area outside of the student's primary area of study; and one external member. The three primary committee members from the department must be full-time members of the faculty. The external member can be from another academic unit at the University of Delaware or from outside the institution. The external
member should have an established record of publication in the field of the dissertation. Other members may be included on committees for either degree, up to a maximum of six. The Department Chair is an ex officio member of all committees and must be notified of all committee meetings. The committee should represent the areas of emphasis of the student's intended program and research. All members of the Ph.D. committee should hold the doctorate or an equivalent terminal degree.
Maintenance of steady, reasonable progress toward the degree is the responsibility of the student and the advisor. Regular meetings with the graduate committee to discuss progress are strongly encouraged and are required at least once each year. The department maintains a checklist to record completion of individual requirements for graduate study. Each student is expected to see the graduate program secretary periodically to update his or her progress. Any shortcomings in progress will be communicated in writing by the major advisor to the student and to the Office of Graduate Studies.
General requirements for both M.S. majors are: (1) completion of at least 30 graduate credit hours, including a thesis describing independent research (6 credit hours); (2) passing an oral, general knowledge examination centering on the student's program of study; (3) presenting the thesis research in a formal departmental seminar; and (4) passing a thesis defense. Students in the Entomology major also must pass an Insect Family Recognition Test (see later section).
A. Credit, Course, and Grade Requirements
If a student has satisfactorily completed any of the required courses or an equivalent, the
requirement may be waived.
Core M.S. Degree Courses for Both Majors
ENWC 814 – Advanced Ecology 3
ENWC 870 – Graduate Research Seminar 0*
ENWC 888 - Topics in Entomology & Applied Ecology 0*
ENWC 869 - Master's Thesis 6**
A graduate-level statistics course 3
(Excluding data management courses such as FREC 674)
* Students are expected to attend all department seminars and graduate student presentations throughout their period of graduate study.
** See sect. B, below
Entomology Major
ENWC 605 Insect Structure & Function 4
ENWC 606 Insect ID – Taxonomy 3
One other graduate level course primarily on insects 3
(Obtain the list from the department office for qualified courses)
Wildlife Ecology Major
Two of the following:
ENWC 615 Wildlife Research Techniques 3
ENWC 618 Ornithology 3
ENWC 620 Behavioral Ecology 3
ENWC 624 Herpetology 3
ENWC 625 Mammalogy 3
ENWC 635 Wildlife Population Dynamics 3
Additional Coursework (both M.S. programs)
Students must earn additional graduate credit hours appropriate to the major to bring the total earned to at least 30 credits. A maximum of 3 credits in ENWC 666, 668, 866, and 868 and 6 credits of 869 can be applied to the degree. A list of the additional credit hours should be developed at the first committee meeting and confirmed in writing to the student by the advisor. Students may also be required by their committee to take coursework to make up a deficiency or to meet a prerequisite for a graduate level course. Any such requirements will be stated in writing by the student's advisor following the first committee meeting. If the course can be taken for graduate credit, it will count toward the additional credits. Students in the Entomology Major lacking an undergraduate entomology course should register as a listener in ENWC 205 and/or 215 as needed and may earn one graduate credit to the satisfaction of the instructor(s) of the course(s).
Grade Requirements
Graduate students must maintain a minimum GPA of 3.00 to remain in good academic standing. GPA requirements are monitored by the Office of Graduate Studies according to the Graduate Studies Academic Probation Policy.
B. Thesis Requirement
By the end of the first year (preferably within the first 6 months) of graduate study, candidates must
submit to their committee for review and approval, a written research proposal describing the intended
thesis research, a detailed review of pertinent literature, the methods and procedures to be used, and a
timetable for completion. The proposal may be reviewed and refined as necessary. If major emphasis is
shifted in the research, the proposal should be amended with the advice and consent of the committee.
Students are required to present their proposal in ENWC 870 (Graduate Research Seminar) to the
The thesis should reflect the student's ability to conduct independent scholarly research and to
report the results in a manner worthy of publication. It must conform to the University's Thesis and
Dissertation Manual (available on the University website under graduate student academic policies) as to
format and other mechanics. Students may write the thesis in a style suitable for a manuscript(s) ready
for submission to a journal in consultation with their advisor.
The student may register for Master's Thesis (ENWC 869) during any term or terms to accumulate
the required minimum of 6 credit hours. The student will receive a temporary grade of S or U until
successful completion of the thesis, when the advisor will record a letter grade.
C. Insect Recognition Test (Required for Entomology Major only)
The Insect Recognition Test examines the student's ability to recognize the insect orders and 150
common insect families without the use of keys. A list of the families that may be included on the
test is available in the department office. Students also must demonstrate an ability to use a taxonomic
key. A faculty member appointed by the Department Chair administers the test, which is scheduled at
the request of the student. A score of 85% is the minimum passing score. The test may be taken three
times. The Insect Recognition requirement will be waived for any student who receives an A in ENWC
406/606, Insect ID -Taxonomy.
D. General Knowledge Examination
The General Knowledge Examination should be taken during the semester prior to the expected date
of completing other requirements for the degree. The exam focuses on the student's training in his or her
major and related areas. The principal examiners will be the student's graduate committee. Any
University of Delaware faculty may attend and ask questions if time permits. No other student may
attend the examination. Decisions concerning passage of the examination and recommendations
stemming from it are decided by the committee based on a simple majority vote. If the first attempt
results in failure, the second examination cannot be taken earlier than 90 days nor later than 365 days
following the first examination. The examination may be taken only twice. A second failure results in
dismissal from the program. The examination shall be announced by the student's advisor at least one
week in advance by memorandum to department faculty.
E. Department Seminar
A formal, public seminar detailing the student's research effort is required. The seminar should be
of standard format and should utilize appropriate visual aids. Most seminars run 30-45 minutes with
time for questions following the presentation. The student and advisor are responsible for arranging
the details of the seminar presentation, including its announcement by the usual seminar notices at least
one week in advance.
F. Thesis Defense
The Thesis Defense is conducted by the student's committee using the same procedures as the
General Knowledge Examination. The student must provide each graduate committee member with a
refined (but not final) draft of the thesis at least two weeks before the thesis defense. The date of the
thesis defense should precede the University deadline for thesis submission by at least two weeks to
allow sufficient time for any necessary changes. The Thesis Defense is usually scheduled directly after
the student's Department Seminar (see E). The Seminar, including audience questions, will not
constitute a thesis defense. The Thesis Defense is open to all University of Delaware faculty members.
No other students may attend the Thesis Defense.
The defense shall be announced at least one week in advance by the distribution of a seminar notice
(see E), which should indicate that the defense will follow the seminar, or by memorandum to
department faculty and by the posting of a notice in the Department.
A. Course Requirements
Doctoral students entering the program with an M.S. must complete a total of at least 30 graduate credits. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is conferred in recognition of breadth of scholarly attainment and of demonstrated power to investigate problems independently and effectively, rather than for the completion of definite courses of study through a stated period of time.
Doctoral students in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology must complete the following courses or their equivalent for both concentrations, either before or during their program at Delaware:
ENWC 814 Advanced Ecology 3
ENWC 870 Graduate Research Seminar 0
ENWC 888 Topics in Entomology and Applied Ecology 0
6 credits of graduate statistics (600-level or above) 6
9 credits of Doctoral Dissertation (ENWC 969) 9
Doctoral students must satisfy the requirements of at least one of two concentrations, Entomology or Wildlife Ecology, by completing the following courses or their equivalent under the selected concentration, either before or during their program at Delaware.
Entomology Concentration
ENWC 605 Insect Structure and Function 4
ENWC 606 Insect ID – Taxonomy 3
One other graduate level course primarily on insects 3
(Obtain list from department office for qualified courses)
Wildlife Ecology Concentration
Two of the following:
ENWC 615 Wildlife Research Techniques 3
ENWC 618 Ornithology 3
ENWC 620 Behavioral Ecology 3
ENWC 624 Herpetology 3
ENWC 625 Mammalogy 3
ENWC 635 Wildlife Population Dynamics 3
If any of the above course requirements are completed before starting the Ph.D. program, substitute courses counting toward the total minimum credits must be approved by the student's graduate committee. Students entering with a B.S. must complete a total of at least 60 graduate credits while enrolled in the program. A maximum of 3 credits in ENWC 666, 668, 866, 868, and 9 credits of 969 can be applied to the doctoral degree.
Through their course of study, doctoral students should develop significant expertise in one major area and in at least one ancillary area. During the first semester of study, students should develop a proposed list of courses that they will complete while at Delaware. This course program should then be discussed, modified, and approved by the student's graduate committee.
B. Research Proposal
By the end of the first year of graduate study, candidates must develop a preliminary research proposal describing the intended dissertation research. This preliminary proposal must be presented orally in a forum open to all members of the department. The student must complete ENWC 870, Graduate Research Seminar, to satisfy this requirement.
Doctoral students must also submit a written research proposal and have it accepted by their graduate committee. This proposal should include a detailed review of pertinent literature, justification for conducting the research, methods and procedures to be used, and a timetable for completion. Preliminary research results may also be included. The proposal should be submitted within 3 months of the oral proposal, and must be presented at a meeting of the student's graduate committee. The proposal will be reviewed and refined as necessary, based on the committee's input. If major emphasis is shifted during the course of the research, the proposal should be amended with the advice and consent of the committee.
C. Qualifying Examination
Doctoral students must prove to their graduate committee that they have acquired a comprehensive grasp of their field of study through a qualifying examination (written and oral) before they are admitted to formal Ph.D. candidacy. This examination should generally occur by the end of the second year of study. The examination shall include questions to evaluate basic competence in biology, ecology, and statistics as well as advanced knowledge in the designated major and ancillary areas. The examination areas, examiners for each of the areas, and pertinent review materials will be identified by the committee and communicated in writing by the major advisor to the student no later than the end of the second semester. In administering the examination, each member of the student's committee will submit written questions to be answered by the student in writing, under conditions to be established by the committee. Each committee member will read and grade the student's responses to their own written questions, prior to the oral portion of the exam. The oral portion will follow approximately 2 weeks after the end of the written portion, and will be conducted by the student's graduate committee. Decisions concerning passage of the examination and recommendations stemming from it are decided by the committee based on a simple majority vote. If the first attempt results in failure, the second examination cannot be taken earlier than 90 days nor later than 365 days following the first examination. The examination may be taken only twice. A second failure results in dismissal from the program. In the case of a second failure, a student has the option of completing all requirements for the Master of Science degree in either major provided that he or she does not already have that degree.
D. Admission to Candidacy
When they begin their program, all Ph.D. students are classified as precandidates (G1 status). The requirements for admission to doctoral candidacy (G2 status) are that the student has (1) had a program of study approved, (2) completed at least one academic year of full-time graduate study in residence at the University, (3) had a research project accepted by the graduate committee, and (4) passed the program's qualifying examination. The advisor must submit the recommendation for candidacy form to the Office of Graduate Studies.
E. Teaching Requirement
Doctoral candidates must provide evidence of a significant teaching experience during their program, for example by acting as a TA in charge of a laboratory section during an entire semester, by developing and delivering lectures and/or preparing laboratories for one module in an established course, or by developing and presenting a series of Extension workshops. This experience should be developed by the candidate in conjunction with the committee and its completion verified by a letter from the instructor of the course to the advisor with a copy to the Department Chair. The advisor should notify the Graduate Office when this requirement has been satisfied.
F. Conference Presentation
Doctoral candidates must make at least one presentation of a research paper at a regional or national conference during their program. Verification should be by letter from the advisor to the Department Chair, with a copy to the Graduate Office.
G. Dissertation and Final Oral Examination
After they have been formally admitted to candidacy, students must register for and complete nine credit hours of ENWC 969 (Doctoral Dissertation). Note that at this point the composition of the committee may be changed to more closely reflect the specific subject matter of the dissertation, as long as the committee still consists of four to six members with a minimum of three from within and one from outside the Department. The dissertation must present original research and must meet the generally accepted professional and literary standards for scholarship in the student's field. It must also adhere to the style requirements of the University of Delaware. Students are encouraged to write the dissertation in a style suitable for one or more (usually 2-3) manuscripts ready for submission to an appropriate journal. Upon completion, the dissertation must be presented in a formal, public seminar, followed by a final oral examination, consisting of a defense of the dissertation and a test of the candidate's mastery of the fields covered in the program. The final oral examination is conducted by the student's graduate committee, and is open to all University of Delaware faculty members. To permit adequate time for the committee to review the dissertation, all copies of the tentatively completed dissertation (subject to revisions required by the committee) must be delivered to committee members at least two weeks before the date of the final oral examination. The advisor must submit certification of a successful defense to the Office of Graduate Studies.
H. Annual Evaluations
Each doctoral student will be formally evaluated at the end of each academic year by the student's graduate committee. This written evaluation will provide students with detailed feedback on their progress toward the degree. The written evaluation will be part of the student's official record, and a copy must be submitted to the Department Chair.
A. Assistantships and Fellowships
Graduate students in good standing may receive financial support from a research assistantship, teaching assistantship or fellowship. Graduate students on an assistantship or fellowship are expected to give their full-time attention to graduate study and may not engage in any remunerative employment while holding the assistantship or fellowship.
1. Research Assistantships – Students work on faculty projects for 20 hours per week. An attempt is
made to match faculty and student interests, but students should consider this an opportunity to develop competencies in new areas, if interests do not match. Assignments are made by the Chair, subject to the approval of the faculty member(s) directing the research project. Students on research assistantship are expected to enroll in a minimum of 9 credits per semester until the course requirements for the degree are fulfilled. After completing the course requirements, students on research assistantship may enroll for a minimum of 6 credits or as sustaining.
2. Teaching Assistantships – Students assist in teaching undergraduate and/or graduate courses.
Students may be expected to prepare and grade examinations under the supervision of the instructor, handle routine class administrative procedures, counsel and tutor individual students where necessary, and possibly conduct classes. In some cases, time is split between two or more courses, but in no case will the total workload exceed 20 hours per week. Students should view this as an opportunity to enhance their knowledge and to develop teaching skills at the college level. Assignments are made by the Chair, after consultation with faculty member(s) in charge of the course(s). Teaching Assistantships may be available in the Department of Entomology & Wildlife Ecology and in the Department of Biological Sciences. Students on a teaching assistantship must enroll for a minimum of 6 credits unless they have completed all degree course requirements whereupon they may register in sustaining status.
3. Fellowships – Department, College, or University Fellowships are usually reserved for students in
the advanced stages of their graduate careers to support thesis and dissertation research and writing.
Awards are recommended by the faculty and the Department Graduate Studies Committee and are made
by the Chair. Students holding a fellowship must register for 9 credits each semester.
B. Procedure for Nominating and Awarding Assistantships
1. Application for fellowships, assistantships and scholarships – Students wishing to be considered
for nomination for a fellowship or assistantship should so indicate on their application form for admission. Nominees must have a cumulative grade index of at least 2.8 (in undergraduate courses) for incoming students, or 3.0 (in graduate courses) for continuing students. Fellowships, assistantships, and scholarships become available at various times during the year. Students should inquire of the Department Chair concerning their availability.
2. Award of assistantships -- Graduate research assistantships, teaching assistantships and fellowships
are awarded to qualified students by the Department. When possible, announcement of graduate
research assistantship awards will be made by April 1 for fall semester and by November 1 for the
spring semester. Students entering in the fall may begin working and receiving research assistantships
in summer months. Other awards will be made by June 1 for the fall semester and Dec. 1 for the
spring semester, when possible.
3. Retention of assistantships -- Awardees hold assistantships for one year. Assistantships will be
reviewed by the end of April of the first year and evaluated for renewal. The review and evaluation
for renewal of assistantships will be conducted by the Department Chair and the student's advisor.
Review and evaluation of teaching assistantships should include input from the entire teaching staff.
The Department Chair will initiate the review.
The University requires that the master's degree be completed within ten consecutive semesters. The doctoral degree must be completed within ten consecutive semesters for students admitted with a Master's degree and within fourteen consecutive semesters for students admitted without it. Full-time study is strongly encouraged. Students who can devote full time to their program should earn the master's degree within two to two and a half years, and the doctorate within three to four years. Students in the doctoral degree program must spend at least one continuous academic year in full-time study in the program.
The requirements and guidelines stated herein are in effect for students entering graduate status as of September 1, 2007. They shall apply to current students to the extent that they do not cause undue hardship. A student that matriculated prior to September 1, 2007, who wishes to change to a program under the requirements stated herein must submit the appropriate administrative request forms by December 20, 2007, to have the change of status approved.
All students applying for admission should receive this set of guidelines and information. Faculty advisors should be sure that each of their graduate student advisees has a copy of and is aware of these requirements. Copies are available in the department office. Students are responsible for being familiar with the University of Delaware Academic Regulations for Graduate Students published in the Graduate Catalog.