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Journal of the House of Commons: volume 11: 1693-1697
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'House of Commons Journal Volume 11: 8 March 1695', Journal of the House of Commons: volume 11: 1693-1697 (1803), pp. 259-263. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=39123 Date accessed: 11 March 2014. Add to my bookshelf
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Veneris, 8 die Martii; Commissioners of Accounts. Gage's Estate. Fleetwood's Estate. Howland's Estate. Gollop's Estate. Hackney Coach Commissioners. Hackney Coach Commissioners. Hackney Coach Commissioners. Hackney Coach Commissioners. Hackney Coach Commissioners. Conference with Lords. Thames Locks and Weirs. Preventing Export of Wool. Charge of Corruption against a Member declared false. Ways and Means. Punishing Mutiny and Desertion.
7° Gulielmi Tertii.
SIR John Knight presented to the House, according to Order; a Bill for the taking and stating the publick Accounts for the Year 1695: And the same was received.
An ingrossed Bill, from the Lords, intituled, An Act to enable Trustees of William Gage Esquire to raise Money, by a Mortgage of Part of his Estate, for the Preservation of the Timber growing thereon, was read the First time.
Resolved, That the Bill be read a Second time.
Mr. Christie reported from the Committee, to whom the ingrossed Bill, from the Lords, intituled, An Act for the ratifying and confirming a certain Indenture of Lease of Marton Mear in the County of Lancaster, made by the Earl of Derby, and others, to Thomas Fleetwood Esquire, was committed, That they had examined and considered the same; and had directed him to report the same to the House, without any Amendments: And he delivered the same in at the Clerk's Table.
An ingrossed Bill, from the Lords, intituled, An Act to enable Elizabeth Howland, the Widow of John Howland Esquire, deceased, to settle Lands upon the Marriage of his sole Daughter and Heir; and for settling Lands upon the said Widow Howland, for her Life, in lieu of Dower; and for indemnifying Sir Josias Child, and the said Widow Howland Grandfather, and Mother, of the said Heir, in disposing of the personal Estate belonging to her, upon her Preferment in Marriage, she being under the Age of One-andtwenty Years; was read a Second time.
Resolved, That the Bill be committed to Lord Wm. Pawlet, Mr. Comptroller, Sir Cha. Sidley, Sir Tho. Lee, Mr. Kendall, Sir Ra. Carr, Mr. Bockland, Mr. White, Sir Robert Davers, Mr. Thornhagh, Sir Tho. Dyke, Mr. Burrard, Mr. Cooke, Sir Tho. Vernon, Sir John Banks, Mr. Vincent, Mr. Phil. Foley, Mr. Bowyer, Mr. Christie, Mr. Boyle, Sir Richard Hart, Lord Robert Russel, Mr. Holt, Mr. Stonehouse, Mr. Ash, Mr. England, Mr. Hungerford, Mr. Fuller, Sir Ra. Dutton, Sir Eliab Harvey, Sir Fra. Massam, Sir Gervas Elwes, Sir John Moreton, Mr. Hobby, Sir Henry Ashurst, Sir John Bolles, Mr. Burrington, Sir Walter Yonge, Mr. Mannaton, Mr. Colt, Sir Tho. Cooke, Mr. Scobell, Mr. Done, Mr. Frewen, Mr. Neale, Sir Tho. Littleton, Mr. Tho. Foley, Mr. Harley, Sir Wm. Drake, Mr. Vaughan, Mr. Lutterell, Mr. Arnold, Sir William Ellis, Sir Richard Temple, Lord Digby, Mr. Pigot, Mr. Norris, Mr. Hopkins, Sir Wm. York, Mr. Beke, Lord Edward Russell, Lord James Russell, Mr. Wharton, Sir Fran. Blake, Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Bulkley, Mr. Stockdale, Colonel Perrey, Sir Robert Cotton, Mr. Roberts, Mr. Travers, Colonel Lee, Mr. Smith, Mr. Waller, Mr. Bere, Mr. Clark, Sir John Key, Lord Castleton, Mr. Pooley, Sir Wm. Robinson, Mr. Robinson, Mr. Lowther: And they are to meet To-morrow at Four of the Clock in the Afternoon, in the Speaker's Chambers.
A Message from the Lords by Sir Robert Legard and Mr. Holford:
Mr. Speaker,
The Lords have passed a Bill, intituled, An Act to enable Peter Gollop Gentleman to sell a Farm, and certain Lands called Wantsley; and to vest the Inheritance thereof, in Fee-simple, in such Person or Persons, who shall be Purchaser or Purchasers thereof from him; subject only to the Payment of the Sum of One thousand Pounds Principal Money, with the Interest thereof due, and to grow due, unto the executory Estate of Robert Merefield Gentleman, deceased: To which they desire the Concurrence of this House.
And then the Messengers withdrew.
Mr. Brewer reported from the Committee, to whom the Examination and Consideration of the Petition of Thomas Kemp, and others, on behalf of themselves and others, the ancient Four hundred licensed Hackney Coachmen, was referred, That they had examined and considered the Matter of the said Petition accordingly; and that they had directed him to report the same to the House, with their Resolutions thereupon: And he read the same in his Place; and afterwards delivered the same in at the Clerk's Table: Where the same were read; and are as follow; viz.
The Petitioner's First Complaint.
That several of the Four hundred ancient Hackney Coachmen, their Widows, and Assigns, were refused Licences; although they produced their Licences, and good Certificates of their Qualifications and Necessities.
Upon Examination of which Complaint, it appeared to the Committee, by the Testimony of
Edward Phipps; That he had one of the Four hundred old Licences, No. 237, granted to him; which he produced to the Committee: And that he petitioned the Commissioners to have a Licence; but was refused; though he had always, by virtue of his old Licence, drove a Hackney Coach; and had, at the time he petitioned, a Coach and Horses; And produced his Licence to the Committee.
Matth. Gray; That he had one of the Four hundred old Licences transferred to him, by Alice Johnson, the Widow of John Johnson, to whom it was granted: And that he petitioned the Commissioners, who gave him a Month's time to prove the Widow alive; but, before the Month expired, the Commissioners refused to grant him a Licence, though he produced the old Licence to them.
Edward Jessop; That he petitioned the Commissioners; and was refused; though he produced a Licence, which he bought for 60l. of the Widow Taylor, whose Husband was one of the 400 ancient Coachmen.
Tho. Kemp; That he married the Widow of Edward Backwell, who had an old Licence: And that he petitioned the Commissioners; but was refused.
Edward Backwell; That he had one of the old Licences; and petitioned the Commissioners; but was refused.
Edward Hampsted; That he had one of the 400 ancient Licences, No. 334: And that he petitioned the Commissioners; and was refused; though he produced the Licence.
William Ball, Anne Page Widow, with many others, who had Assignments of some of the Four hundred ancient Hackney Coachmen; and for which they paid valuable Considerations; they petitioned; and were denied Licences by the Commissioners.
And that Anne Bates, Mary Piggot, Anne James, Anne Holder, John Stayley, Mary Staughton, Robert Elborough, William Jones, * Medcalf, Samuel Peny, John Paine, Wm. Charnock, with divers others, who for many Years had drove Hackney Coaches, and now had Coaches and Horses; when they petitioned the Commissioners for Licences, and offered to pay the Money required by the Act; and had good Certificates of their good Behaviour and Necessities, most of them having Wives, and many Children, without other Means of Livelihood than by driving Hackney Coaches; yet were denied Licences; to their utter Ruin, and to the great Charge of the several Parishes where they lived.
The Answer of the Commissioners.
That the Commissioners published their Summons, for the Notice of the Four hundred ancient Coachmen, in the Gazette of the 4th of June, which was produced; and began to grant Licences on the 11th of June.
Charles Bolton said, That the Commissioners appointed Street-keepers, for each Ward, within the Bills of Mortality, who were to inquire who were best qualified to have Licences; but what Returns they made, he knows not.
The Commissioners said, That of the Petitioners, who had of the 400 ancient Licences in their own Right, none were refused one Licence: And they were not by the Act obliged to grant Two to any Person though he had Two of the ancient Licences, except Edward Phipps, whose Licence had been taken from him by the Commissioners in Scotland-yard; for that he kept a Victuallinghouse: Who granted the Figure he had to Valentine Long, to whom they now granted the Figure.
And as to Edward Hampsted's old Licence, one Terry said he had Right to it; and they gave the Figure to Terrey, supposing him to have the best Right to it.
They insist, That the Act requires them to give the Preference to the 400 old Coachmen, and their Widows; and not to any other Persons claiming from them: And that, except as aforesaid, they have granted to so many of them, and their Widows, as were living at the time of their granting Licences, and petitioned.
That, for the rest of the Licences, it was arbitrary, and in their Discretion, so as they receive the Money required by the Act: And they have acted according to the best of their Discretion.
Petitioners Reply.
Edward Phipps produced his old Licence to the Committee; by virtue of which he had always drove a Coach, not only before, but after the Order of the Commissioners of Scotland-yard: And that a Committee of Parliament, in which, Sir Robert Clayton in the Chair, the Determination of the Commissioners in Scotland-yard was agreed to be illegal: And that Phipps his Licence was good; which Sir Robert Clayton, now of the Committee, confirmed.
Edward Hampsted produced his ancient Licence, figured 334, to the Committee, who take the same to be a good Licence; and ought not have been granted to Widow Terry; who, when summoned, shewed her Title was not an original Licence to her, or her Husband.
And the Petitioners insisted, Where one Person had Two old Licences, he ought to have had Two granted to him now, on Payment of the several Sums due therefore: And that such Persons who had Assignments of such old Licences, for valuable Considerations, purchased, should have been intituled to new Licences; and other the poor Hackney Coachmen before others, to whom granted.
The Petitioners Second Complaint.
That the Licences for which they petitioned, and were denied them, the Commissioners granted to Porters, Footmen, Tradesmen, Gentlewomen, and others.
Upon Examination of which Complaint, it appeared to the Committee, by
Edward Smith; That Richard Hooper hath a Licence, No. 605, granted to him; who is a Porter to a Person of Quality; who rents it, at 8s. per Week, to this Edward Smith, who is an ancient Coachman, and petitioned; but was refused.
Joseph Parker; That Oliver Tham, a Footman, hath a Licence, No. 574; and letts it for 9s. per Week: And this appears so by the Commissioners Books.
Robert Elborough; That John Gibson, Clerk to Mr. Blathwaite, hath a Licence granted to him, No. 694; who hires it at 8s. per Week to this Robert Elborough, an ancient Coachman; and who petitioned, and was refused.
But Mr. Blathwait saith, He never recommended this his Servant to the Commissioners for a Licence.
Wm. Jones; That Daniel King, a Footman to Mr. Wharton, had a Licence, No. 664; which he hires to Wm. Jones at 8s. per Week.
Mr. Wharton, saith, He did not recommend this Daniel King to the Commissioners for a Licence.
Joseph Parker saith, That Mary Davis hath a Licence, No. 663, granted to her; which appears by the Commissioners Books.
And that Robert Sawcer, a Chandler, had No. 654 granted to him; who hires it out to Tissifield, a Hackney Coachman.
Anne Holder; That her Husband is an ancient Hackney Coachman, and refused a Licence; and now hires No. 505 of Nicolas Roaf, who is a Coachmaker; to whom it was granted.
Joseph Parker; That Richard Calloway is an Innkeeper, and never was a Coachman; had the Licence 602 granted to him.
And John Rowet, a Coach-maker, had No. 592 granted to him.
And Henry Eldridge, a Shoemaker, had No. 700 granted to him.
And he produced a List of about Twenty, who had Licences, that never were Hackney Coachmen: Which List the Commissioners admitted.
Thomas Boulton; The Licence, No. 655, appears to be granted to one Edward Sisson; which Madam Lawson, Cousin to Mr. Gee, letts out to this Boulton at 8 s. per Week; and Two Guineas for her Good-will.
Joseph Parker; That Madam Pawlet and Madam Lawson, are Ladies who pretend great Interest with the Commissioners; and have a Chamber where they usually reside, which is just over the Office where the Commissioners sit.
That several Licences, which are granted to several Persons, the Petitioners say, are only nominal; and that no such Persons are to be found; the Advantage of which Licences others have; particularly one Wm. Medcalf hath No. 589; Thomas Read, and several others.
The Commissioners, and their Agents, had time given to produce the Parties, or give Satisfaction to the Committee, that there are such Persons.
But no Satisfaction herein given: And particularly,
Mrs. Metcalfe saith, That her Husband was an ancient Coachman for Thirty Years, and had Horses, Coach, and Stables; hath a great Family to maintain out of this Trade; petitioned the Commissioners; had a Promise of a Licence, and paid his Money for it; and then was told that another Person, by the Name of William Metcalf, of the Parish of St. Paul's Grave, Houlbourn, had the Licence: Upon which the Petitioner was denied; though it appeared to the Committee that no such Person as Medcalfe lived in Holborn; or that there is any such Parish or Place there.
William Ball saith, That he is an ancient Coachman; and produced his Assignment of one of the 400 old Licences to the Committee, as before he had done to the Commissioners, when he petitioned, and was denied; but afterwards Colonel Villiers, one of the Commissioners, his Coachman told him, if he would give him 65l. he would give him a Licence; and he paid the Money; and he had the Figure 589: and the Licence was in the Name of William Medcalf, of St. Paul's Grave, Holbourne; which had the Hands and Seals of Colonel Villers and Mr. Gee; and the Name only of Mr. Overbury, without his Seal; which therefore he was advised was no good Licence: And he went to Colonel Villers' House, in hopes to perfect his Licence, or have his 65l. returned:
A Gentlewoman, whom they called Colonel Villers' Lady, called him into a Room, and asked to see his Licence, and would have run away with it; and, making a Noise, the Footman, and other Servants, fell upon him; and, crying out Murder, one of them stopped his Mouth; which the Coachman of the Swedish Embassador observing, asked them, if they intended to murder the Man: upon which Mr. Villers' Wife repaid him in the very same Money, as he verily believes, which he paid the Coachman; who desired a Pair of Gloves, saying, that he got nothing by the Sale; but sold it for his Master.
The Swedish Embassador's Coachman confirmed as to the Riot: And Mr. Justice Row affirms, That the Man made Affidavit of all this Matter before him.
The Commissioners had a Day given them to produce William Medcalf, of St. Paule's Grave, Holborn.
The Commissioners Answer.
Mr. Gee said, As to Richard Hooper, he was recommended to them by the Earl of Pembroke, as his Coachman; but afterwards Mr. Gee confessed he was recommended as his Servant only: And many of the rest recommended by other Gentlemen; but shewed not by whom in particular.
Colonel Villers said, That he granted the Licence to William Medcalf; and that he was his Servant; but he granted it to him in Trust for his Coachman Wm. Smith, who was then at Tinmouth; and he did so, in regard there are many Licences granted to that Name of Smith, left they should grant more than Two Licences to one Man: And that Medcalf had actually assigned it to Wm. Smith: And one of the Committee declared he knew Wm. Medcalf.
And Wm. Smith borrowed the 50l. which he paid for the Licence, of one Ellary; for which he pawned the Licence.
And Colonel Villers says, It was without his Privity, That his Servant sold his Licence to Ball; or quarrelled with him; and hopes his Servant's Crimes shall not effect him.
And the Commissioners say, They were streightened in Time; and could not perfectly look into the Qualifications; though, for the generality, they preferred those who had kept Coach and Horses for above Two Years past.
Petitioners Fourth Complaint.
That above Seven hundred are licensed, within the Bills of Mortality, by colour of Stage Licences, to drive from London to Tunbridge, and to other Places, with the Words "and elsewhere," in their Licences.
Upon Examination of which, some such Licences were produced to the Committee; and said, there were many more such granted; but they could not procure them of the Stage Coachmen: And
John Hunt saith, That James Mathews, who had a Stage Licence, drove in London, and carried Passengers to the Exchange, and took a Shilling; and said, He did it by virtue of the Words "and elsewhere," in his Licence: And that he was summoned before the Commissioners, and discharged without Punishment.
Alice Hudson saith, She petitioned the Commissioners against these Licences: And Mr. Gee called her impertinent Bitch.
Mr. Saywell saith, That he hired an Elsewhere StageLicence; and, by virtue thereof, drove within the City for Hire.
The Word "elsewhere" is inserted in some of the shorter Stage Coaches, as to Tunbridge, and other Places; which was agreed by the Majority of the Commissioners, that the Stage Coaches might set down short, wide, or beyond their usual Stage: But, by colour thereof, they ought not to take up, and set down the same Fare, within the City of London, and weekly Bills of Mortality; for doing of which, James Hunt was by them punished, upon a Second Complaint against him: And these Licences granted but for One Year.
Mr. Ashurst says, That he always opposed this Word to be inserted; which the other Commissioners did not deny.
Petitioners Fifth Complaint.
That several Sums of Money were extorted, and demanded of them, before they could procure Licences, by the Commissioners, and other their Agents.
Upon Examination of which;
Anne Bates saith, That her Husband is an ancient Coachman: Had Coach and Horses, with a Charge of Children, and a Certificate from several Persons of Quality; petitioned the Commissioners; but was refused a Licence; Mr. Villers telling her, That Licences were to be disposed of to whom he thought fit: And then she applied to Mrs. Lawson, Mr. Gee's Cousin, who first took Five Guineas of her in Part; but returned them to her to save her Oath; then went with her to Mr. Gee, and acquainted him, That her Husband had been an old Coachman, and had then Coach and Horses; Mr. Gee replied, No matter for that, he shall have no Licence upon that Account; but upon the Agreement made with Mrs. Lawson, he said, he would stand by it, if Mr. Killigrew and Mr. Overbury would consent; whose Consents she could not get: And therefore, she afterwards being told; that Mr. Killigrew, one of the Commissioners, was likely to assist her, she met him at Whitehall, where he told her, If she would make him her Friend, he would procure a Licence for her; but said, He must have Five Guineas down, and Five more when she had a Licence; for which she was to give Fifty Pounds more; but had no Licence.
James Heely saith, He was present when Mr. Killigrew repaid the Value of Five Guineas in Silver, to the said Anne Bates; which was about Nine Weeks after she gave the Five Guineas; and about the time the Petition was delivered to the House of Commons.
Anne Bates informed the Committee, That Mr. Killigrew now threatened, and said, "You eternal Bitch! I'll be revenged of you."
Anne James saith, That her Husband was an ancient Coachman, and petitioned, and was denied; and then was advised to apply to Madam Pawlet, who had a Chamber over the Commissioners Office; who told her, she had Two or Three Licences to dispose of, and desired to help her to Customers, who would make no Words of it; and promised her to get her a Licence for Six Guineas, which she then gave her, above the Fifty Pounds:
And then Madam Pawlet had her to the Door of the Office, and she saw Mr. Gee, one of the Commissioners there, come to the Door; and asked Mrs. Pawlet, How many Guineas hath the Woman given you? But the Door then being shut upon this Woman, she heard no Answer, or other Woods between them.
Mary Piggot saith, That her Husband hath, for above 20 Years past, been a Hackney Coachman, and hath Coaches and Horses of his own; and now hath a great Charge of Children; and was recommended to the Commissioners by the Lord Lisle, and several Justices, and many Gentlemen of Clerkenwell, where they dwelt, petitioned; and, after a Month's daily Attendance, encouraged by Mrs. Pawlet, who had taken 56l. of her to get her a Licence, her Husband at last was refused: But the said Mrs. Pawlet hath not returned great Part of the 56l.; but detaineth the same: And her Husband Henry Piggot, not knowing how to employ his Horses, was forced to hire a Licence, No. 674, of the said Mrs. Pawlet, at the Rate of 8s. 6d. per Week, for One Year; and paid into the Hands of Mrs. Pawlet 22l. 6s.; as appears to the Committee, by the Articles signed and sealed by the said Mrs. Martha Pawlet.
Edward Phipps; He produced one of the 400 ancient Licences to the Commissioners; but Mr. Gee told him, That his Licence was disposed of; but if he would give him 10 Guineas he would procure one.
Richard Leighton, an ancient Coachman, applied to Mr. Gee for a Licence; who told him they were all disposed of; but, for 14 or 15 Guineas, he might have one: And saith, That several Licences were afterwards disposed of.
Edward Sumpter is an ancient Coachman, and hath Coach and Horses; petitioned; and denied: Afterwards applied to Mr. Killigrew's Lady; and, at twice, gave her 10 Guineas; for which, had a Promise of a Licence; and had, about a Fortnight after, No. 697, accordingly, paying 50l. for it, besides the 10 Gulneas: And, upon the first Application to her, she said, She must first speak with Mr. Killigrew.
Edward Smith; That Colonel Villers, one of the Commissioners, his Coachman told him, He would procure him a Licence for 12 Guineas; and that he sold it for his Master and Lady; but afterwards, when he came for the Licence, the Coachman said, His Master would not let him have it for that Money.
Mr. Johnson saith, That Mrs. Fitzharris, and Mr. Pawlet, live in the same House, where the Commissioners keep their Office; and that he applied to Mr. Fitzharris, Son of Mrs. Fitzharris, to procure a Licence; who said, He must have 10 Guineas for one; of which Mr. Villers must have Five, and the rest amongst the other Commissioners.
And Fitzharris shewed him a Bond from one Carter to pay 36l. to him, if he procured Three Licences for him: Fitzharris said, He had great Interest with the Commissioners, and could do what he would with them; but he was to have but a small Part of the Profit; and the greatest Part the Commissioners were to have.
But Fitzharris, being afterwards summoned, denied, that he said he was to give any of the Money to the Commissioners; but confessed he was to have 36l. to procure the Licences for Carter.
William Jones saith, That he being refused a Licence by the Commissioners, he applied to Mrs. Fitzharris, who took Six Guineas of him, and got him a Licence; just before which she returned him his Five Guineas; and, after the Licence had, he paid her 12 Guineas, besides the 50l. paid for the Licence.
William Goodman saith, That he always earned his Livelihood as a Hackney Coachman; and now hath, and for many Years had, a Coach and Horses, a Wife, and several Children; and had the Recommendation of Mr. Justice Tulley, and other Justices of the Peace, and Doctor Burch, with the Churchwardens of the Parish of St. James's:
That he petitioned the Commissioners for a Licence, and was denied: Then he applied to Mr. Killigrew, who promised him a Licence for 60l.; and ordered him to bring the Money to the Rummer in Channel-Row; which he did accordingly; but was not accepted; he being credibly informed, That Licences were afterwards sold for more Money; and afterwards was forced to hire a Licence at Nine Shillings a Week.
Mary Williams; She petitioned the Commissioners for a Licence for her Son; but denied: And then she applied to Mrs. Pawlet, at the House where the Commissioners kept their Office, who told her, That if she would give her Nine Gulneas, she would get a Licence of Mr. Villers: She gave her the Nine Guineas; but, after Eight Days she returned it again; and said, She could not get one: Then she applied to Mr. Killigrew; who said, He would take no Money; But afterwards she agreed with Mrs. Killigrew to get one; and gave her 10 Guineas; and she promised her a Licence, she paying 50l. more for a Fine.
She saith further, That some few Days since, before this Examination, Mrs. Killigrew sent for her, and would have returned her the 10 Guineas.
John Miller; That he gave Five Guineas to Madam Pawlet, after he had petitioned, and been denied by the Commissioners; who, procured him a Licence; but told him, That, unless he would give her one Guinea more, she would take away his Licence.
John Tea; That he applied to Madam Pawlet to get him a Licence, hearing she had great Interest with the Commissioners; who, upon Payment to her of Five Guineas, the Receipt whereof he now produced to the Committee, and not denied by her, she promised him a Licence:
But she said, She was at great Charges in Treats for the Commissioners.
Dorothy Alsop; That she hires of Madam Pawlet a Licence at 7s. 6d. per Week.
Anne Holder; Her Husband, an ancient Coachman, paid Taxes for his Coach; was refused by the Commissioners:
Mrs. Lawson proffered to sell one for 80l. and Eleven Guineas for herself; or to hire one at 11s. per Week: Her Husband, being ancient and poor, was forced to sell his Horses, and is ruined.
Eliz. Morris; She gave Mrs. Pawlet Five Guineas to get her a Licence: That she afterwards procured a Licence; but she thinks, not by her Interest only.
John Staley; That he was an ancient Coachman; petitioned; and was refused: After which, Mr. Mackensey, the Commissioners Clerk, told him, He would procure him one for 85l. of which he paid 35l. in Part, for Tho. Read; and 50l. more to Thom. Read: But no Account could be given of Thomas Read; although time was given to shew there was such a Person.
Thomas Pullein hath been a Coachman for 20 Years; and applied to Mrs. Villers; who said, that Mr. Villers' List was full; after which, Mrs. Lawson sent to Mr. Rouse, a Neighbour to Tho. Pullein, to inform him she would help him to a Licence: Then Thomas Pullein came to Mrs. Lawson; who told him, Mr. Gee was her Relation: and therefore could help him for Ten Guineas; but failing, she insisted to have 15 Guineas; and, after many Treaties, she said, She would not under 25 Guineas; which, rather than lose a Licence, after a Month's time spent, he paid her 2 . . in the Presence of Benjamin Littleton; and was to give 50l. more, when he had the Licence; Mrs. Lawson said, She must carry it to the Office; and her Husband, Mr. Lawson, took it, and seemed to go thither with it: But after this Mr. Lawson got a Licence, for which Mr. Pullein paid 50l. But, notwithstanding the 50l. now paid, and the 27l. before, to Mrs. Lawson, he would not part with his Licence till he had 6l. more of Pullen: And saith, That he never received any Money back again; and That Mrs. Lawson told him, she had Two or Three Licences more to dispose of.
Note, This Evidence of Tho. Pullein was given to the Committee after all Parties were heard; and the Committee did not think fit, that the Commissioners should be summoned to give Answer to it.
They, in general, say, That Mrs. Lawson, Mrs. Pawlet, and all other Persons pretending Interest with them, and taking Monies for Licences; if so they did; yet it was without their Authority or Privity; and that the Money came not to their Use.
Mr. Killigrew saith, There was but Three Licences granted after he was a Commissioner: That he borrowed the Five Guineas of Anne Bates, and honestly repaid it to her; and did not take it as a Bribe: And the hasty Words spoke against Bates he confesses, and begs Pardon of the Committee, it being in their Presence, when she was attending them.
John Davis saith, That as to the 10 Guineas pretended to be given by Edward Sumpter, to Mrs. Killigrew, that Sumpter came to him, and said, He was undone, if he had no Licence; and therefore Davis applied to Mrs. Killigrew, and, by her Interest, got him a Licence; for which he had 10l.; but Mr. Killigrew, nor his Wife, had none of the Money.
Mr. Gee saith, He believes the Women, and other Persons pretending Interest with him, are idle Persons, and made an ill Use of his Name: That he received no Money but for the King's Use, according to the Act; and denies That which Anne James saith: And that he did not ask Mrs. Pawlet how many Guineas she had: And denies other the Facts alledged against him.
Mr. Villers denies likewise the Facts charged against him.
Mr. Ashurst saith, That he never took any Money, or signed any Licence for Gain, directly or indirectly; neither did the Witnesses pretend to charge him: And the Petitioner's Counsel said they could not charge him with any thing.
Mr. Overbury denies he made any indirect Profit whatsoever; and those who pretended Interest with him to procure Licences, did it without any Ground.
Mrs. Pawlet says, She never was encouraged by any of the Commissioners to sell any Licences:
But being asked, if she wrote Letters to any of the Commissioners; and if, at her Request, any Licences were granted? She then confessed, she wrote Letters to Mr. Gee, and Mr. Villers, for Licences; and, at her Request, Licences were granted; and confessed, she had received several Sums to procure Licences: And, as to the Licence she hired to Mr. Piggot, she said, It was for Mr. Justice Tulley: But he, being summoned, disclaimed any Interest in any Licence.
Mrs. Lawson also saith, She was not employed by the Commissioners to sell any Licences.
Several that were accused, were summoned; but could not be found; and some, who were summoned, excused themselves by Sickness.
The Petitioners Sixth Complaint.
That the Licences were all signed and sealed, and left blank with their Secretary, and filled afterwards.
It is true: But they were afterwards filled up by their Secretary; and he did not fill up any without a further Order from Three of the Commissioners.
The Petitioners Seventh Complaint.
That they imposed an Oath to such who had Licences
That they did not give above 50l. for their Licence.
This is true: When a Clamour was spread, That Money was indirectly taken, towards the latter End of their granting Licences, they gave such a voluntary Oath; which they hope they might.
But Mr. Ashurst saith, He opposed giving this Oath: Which was admitted.
Mrs. Bates saith, That when she was in Treaty with Mrs. Lawson for a Licence, and that Mrs. Lawson told her, there was Device to avoid the new Oath; and told her she must keep the Money, or lay it on a Table, till the Oath taken, and then return it again; or else she could take it from the Table, after the Oath taken; for, says she, your Oath is what you have given, and not what you shall give.
But Mrs. Lawson denied this; which the other offered to make Affidavit of.
And that, upon the Examination and Consideration of the whole Matter, the Committee came to these Resolutions; viz.
Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Committee, That the Petitioners, the Hackney Coachmen, have proved the Substance of their Complaint; and are worthy of the Consideration and Relief of this House.
Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Committee, That several of the Commissioners appointed to put in Execution an Act, passed the last Session of this present Parliament, intituled, An Act for the licensing and regulating Hackney Coaches and Stage Coaches, have, by receiving Bribes, and by other undue Means, acted corruptly and arbitrarily, contrary to the Authority and Trust reposed in them by the said Act.
Resolved, That the last of the said Resolutions be re-committed to the said Committee; and that they do distinguish the Commissioners: And they are to meet Tomorrow at Four of the Clock in the Afternoon, in the Speaker's Chamber.
Ordered, That the Report of the Conference with the Lords be taken into Consideration upon Thursday Morning next.
Ordered, That the Report from the Committee, to whom the Bill for preventing Exactions of Occupiers of Locks and Weirs upon the River of Thames, westward of the City of London; and for ascertaining the Price of Water-carriage upon the said River; was committed; be taken into Consideration upon Friday Morning next.
Ordered, That the Report from the Committee, to whom the Bill for the better preventing the Exportation of Wool, by altering the Penalty; and for the Preservation of the publick Market at Blackwell-hall; and for the Relief of the Workmen employed in the Woollen Manufactures, in Payment of their Wages; was committed; be taken into Consideration To-morrow Sevennight.
Mrs. Shorter and Mrs. Bourman, attending according to Order, were severally called in; and examined.
And then withdrew.
Also Sir Hen. Marwood, attending, was called in; and examined.
Information being given, by a Letter produced in this House, That Mr. Brewer, a Member thereof, had received Money for promoting a Bill in this House;
Resolved, Nemine contradicente, That, upon a full Examination of the several Persons concerned therein, at the Bar of this House, it appears to this House, That the said Information is false, scandalous, and groundless.
Resolved, That this House will, To-morrow Morning, resolve itself into a Committee of the whole House, to consider further of Ways and Means for raising the Supply to be granted to his Majesty, for carrying on the War against France with Vigour.
Ordered, That the Report of the Bill for continuing Two Acts for punishing Officers and Soldiers who shall mutiny, or desert his Majesty's Service; and for punishing false Musters; and for Payment of Quarters; for One Year longer; be made upon Tuesday Morning next.
And then the House adjourned till To-morrow Morning, Nine a Clock.
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Timothy McDonald
Position: DB
Height: 6-2 Weight: 215 lbs.
Born: January 6, 1965 in Fresno, CA
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Drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2nd round (34th overall) of the 1987 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 71 (527th overall since 1950)
6-time Pro Bowler (fine print)
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In political science, statism (French: étatisme) is the belief that the state should control either economic or social policy, or both, to some degree.[1][2][3][4] Statism is effectively the opposite of anarchism.[1][2][3][4] Statism can take many forms from minarchism to totalitarianism. Minarchists prefer a minimal or night-watchman state to protect people from aggression, theft, breach of contract, and fraud with military, police, and courts.[5][6][7][8] Some may also include fire departments, prisons, and other functions.[5][6][7][8] Welfare state adepts and other such options make up more statist territory of the scale of statism.[9][10] Totalitarians prefer a maximum or all-encompassing state.[11][12][13][14][15]
State, society and individuals[edit]
Some analyses[who?][16] use a dichotomy between state and market, viewing the state as a homogeneous institution capable of using political power to force policy on the market which is the sum of peaceful human action. Such an analysis depends on an elitist theory of power rather than a pluralist theory of power; that power is exercised by individuals and competing organisations within society.[17]
Authoritarianism, on the other hand, views a strong, authoritative state as required to legislate or enforce morality and cultural practices.[citation needed] The ideology of statism espoused by fascism holds that sovereignty is not vested in the people but in the nation state, and that all individuals and associations exist only to enhance the power, prestige and well-being of the state. It repudiates individualism and the family and exalts the nation as an organic body headed by the Supreme Leader and nurtured by unity, force, and discipline.[citation needed] Fascism and some forms of corporatism extol the moral position that the corporate group, usually the state, is greater than the sum of its parts and that individuals have a moral obligation to serve the state.[citation needed]
Economic statism[edit]
Economic statism promotes the view that the state has a major, necessary, and legitimate role in directing the economy, either directly through state-owned enterprises and other types of machinery of government, or indirectly through economic planning.[18]
State interventionism[edit]
The term statism is sometimes used to refer to market economies with large amounts of government intervention, regulation or influence over a market or mixed-market economy. Economic interventionism asserts that the state has a legitimate or necessary role within the framework of a capitalist economy by intervening in markets, attempting to promote economic growth and trying to enhance employment levels.
State socialism[edit]
Economic statism may also refer to state socialism, or co-operative economic systems that rely upon state ownership or nationalization as a means of running industry.[citation needed]
State socialism refers to any socialist political movement that advocates for or relies upon the use of the state to build a socialist society (or for achieving a socialist revolution), in the form of democratic centralism and a Vanguardist single-party state.
State capitalism[edit]
Statism may also refer to state capitalism, referring to forms of capitalism with high concentrations of government-owned commercial enterprises and/or high degrees of indirect economic planning such as dirigisme.
See also[edit]
- ^ a b Levy, Jonah D (2006). The State After Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Liberalization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 469. ISBN 978-0-674-02276-8.
- ^ a b Obadare, Ebenezer (2010). Statism, Youth, and Civic Imagination: A Critical Study of the National Youth Service Corps Programme in Nigeria. Dakar Senegal: Codesria. ISBN 978-2-86978-303-4.
- ^ a b Kvistad, Gregg (1999). The Rise and Demise of German Statism: Loyalty and Political Membership. Providence [u.a.]: Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-57181-161-5.
- ^ a b Bakunin, Mikhail (1990). Statism and Anarchy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36182-8.
- ^ a b Machan, T (2002). "Anarchism and Minarchism: A Rapprochement". Journal Des Economistes et Des Etudes Humaines 12: 569–569–588. ISSN 1145-6396.
- ^ a b Block, W (2007). "Anarchism and Minarchism No Rapprochment Possible: Reply to Tibor Machan". The Journal of Libertarian Studies 21 (1): 61–61–90. ISSN 0363-2873.
- ^ a b Long, Roderick (2008). Anarchism Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country?. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-6066-8.
- ^ a b Parker, Martin (2010). The Dictionary of Alternatives Utopianism and Organisation. London, England: Zed. ISBN 978-1-84972-734-1.
- ^ Friedrich, Carl (1974). Limited Government: a Comparison. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-537167-1. OCLC 803732.
- ^ Marx, Herbert (1950). The Welfare State. New York: Wilson.
- ^ Arendt, Hannah (1966). The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt Brace & World.
- ^ Cernak, Linda (2011). Totalitarianism. Edina, MN: ABDO. ISBN 978-1-61714-795-1.
- ^ Friedrich, Carl (1964). Totalitarianism. New York: Grosset & Dunlap.
- ^ Gleason, Abbott (1995). Totalitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505017-2.
- ^ Schapiro, Leonard (1972). Totalitarianism. New York: Praeger.
- ^ Sampat, Mike. "Logic and the case against Stiglitz". Toronto Star. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
- ^ Timothy Mitchell (March 1991). "The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and Their Critics". The American Political Science Review 85 (1): 75–96. JSTOR 1962879. "The state has always been difficult to define. Its boundary with society appears elusive, porous, and mobile. I argue that this elusiveness should not be overcome by sharper definitions, but explored as a clue to the state's nature. Analysis of the literature shows that neither rejecting the state in favor of such concepts as the political system, nor « bringing it back in », has dealt with this boundary problem. The former approach founders on it, the latter avoids it by a narrow idealism that construes the state-society distinction as an external relation between subjective and objective entities. A third approach, presented here can account for both the salience of the state and its elusiveness. Reanalyzing evidence presented by recent theorists, state-society boundaries are shown to be distinctions erected internally, as an aspect of more complex power relations. Their appearance can be historically traced to technical innovations of the modern social order, whereby methods of organization and control internal to the social processes they govern create the effect of a state structure external to those processes"
- ^ Jones, R. J. Barry. "STATISM." Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy. 1st. Volume 3. New York, New York: Taylor & Francis, 2001. Print.


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Go,Dog, Go! | Go, Dog, Go! Is a play for children, adapted from the children's book Go,Dog, Go! Written by P.D.... | 1 |
Black Nativity | Black Nativity by Langston Hughes retells Christianity's famous nativity story with an entirely Afri... | 2 |
110 in the Shade | The show's protagonist is Lizzie, an older unmarried woman living in a drought-stricken Western to... | 24 |
13 (Thirteen) | After 12-year-old Evan's parents get divorced, he moves with his mother from New York City to Appl... | 176 |
The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee | The competition is intense. The words are hilarious. Let the spelling begin! The show centers around... | 282 |
The 39 Steps | Mix a Hitchcock masterpiece with a juicy spy novel, add a dash of Monty Python and you have the intr... | 28 |
42nd Street | 42nd Street tells the story of a humble, naïve young actress named Peggy Sawyer who has come to aud... | 201 |
70, Girls, 70 | The show concerns a group of senior citizens living on New York's Upper West Side who learn that the... | 1 |
A Change of Air | Mr. Brown and his daughter Nonnie travel to a boarding house by the sea in Great Britain. There, th... | 1 |
A Christmas Story | A young boy named Ralphie Parker only wants one thing for Christmas: a Red Ryder BB gun. However, h... | 27 |
A Picasso | A Picasso is based on Picasso's years in Paris during World War 2. The story is a re-imagined mee... | 1 |
Abe Lincoln in Illinois | The story of the life of the great American president, Abraham Lincoln, before he actually becomes p... | 1 |
Abu Hassan | Deeply in debt to Omar, a moneylender, Abu Hassan and his wife come up with a scheme to fake their d... | 0 |
Accent on Youth | Successful playwright Stephen Gaye is stuck – he can't seem to finish the play he is working on,... | 0 |
Ace of Clubs | In Soho, London, a man named Benny runs a nightclub called "Ace of Clubs" on behalf of its owner... | 1 |
The Acharnians | The Acharnians is a hilarious satire and an indictment of unnecessary war. The play follows the atte... | 0 |
Acis and Galatea | The nymph Galatea and the shepherd Acis are in love. The shepherd, Damon, advises them both. Meanwhi... | 0 |
Act Without Words I | Becket's short play is a mime that takes place in a desert illuminated by a "dazzling light". The ... | 2 |
The Act | The action takes place at the Hotel Las Vegas at the present time and concerns Michelle Craig's ... | 1 |
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text:
Anthony Stokes could earn a new Celtic contract after announcing his return to form with two goals as Celtic hammered Dundee United 6-2 at Parkhead on Saturday.
Stokes, whose deal expires in the summer, has struggled for fitness this season and was in hot water at his club after attending a memorial for murdered Real IRA member Alan Ryan.
Now boss Neil Lennon has told Stokes he can earn a new deal if he performs on the pitch between now and May.
Lennon said, "It's up to Anthony. If he keeps playing like that it's not a difficult decision. I have always liked him and he's an important player.
"He's a goal scorer. There are aspects of his game he needs to improve on, but if he puts his mind to it Anthony can be a very good player and he showed that on Saturday."
Stokes is just happy to be playing after four months out with an ankle injury.
He said, "I want to make up for a bit of lost time this season, score as many goals as I can and have an impact on the team. I know I need to perform in training and when I get the time on the pitch.
"It's the usual thing the manager wants from me – goals. And to perform as well as I can."
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Tom Cheek Enters the Baseball HOF
We would like to congratulate Tom Cheek for entering the Baseball Hall of Fame posthumously for his work as the Toronto Blue Jays play by play announcer on radio. Cheek called the first 4,306 regular season game for Toronto and has the signature call of "Touch em all Joe! You'll never hit a bigger home run in your life" when Jays' outfielder, Joe Carter belted the home run that cemented Toronto's second consecutive World Series in the mid 90's. Cheek is the winner of the Ford Frick Award for Broadcasting Excellence. This award reminds us how much the Baseball Hall of Fame matters in the canon that is North American Sports.
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Georgetown University Department of Chemistry Box 571227 Washington DC 20057 Phone: (202)687-6073 Fax: (202)687-6209
David Chih-Hsin Yang Professor
Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets NW Washington, DC 20057-1227
B.S. 1968, National Taiwan Universit Ph.D. 1973, Yale University Research Associate, The Rockefeller University, 1973-75.
Biochemistry I, Experimental Methods in Biochemistry, Structure of Macromolecules, Enzyme Kinetics
1. RNA-protein interactions: Transfer RNA and tRNA synthetases are two families of macromolecules that translate the universal genetic code from nucleotide based information to amino acid sequences. The kinetics, the enzyme mechanism, the recognition, and their evolution have provided a number of new and fundamental biochemical principles. Bending of the 3'-end of tRNA upon binding of synthetase, the assembly of mammalian tRNA synthetases as a multi-enzyme complex, channeling of tRNA from synthetase to the elongation factor, and binding of tRNA by peptide from the extension of mammalian synthetases have been elucidated in our laboratory using fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, single-turnover kinetics, and recombinant DNA.
"Two Protein Lysine Methyltransferases Methylate Outer Membrane Protein B from Rickettsia" Abeykoon, A. H., Chao, C.-C., Wang, G., Gucek, M., Yang, D. C. H. & Ching, W.-M. Journal of Bacteriology (2012) 194, 6410-6418.
"Transcriptome characterization of immune suppression from battlefield-like stress" Muhie, S., Hammamieh, R., Cummings, C., Yang, D. & Jett, M. Genes Immun. (2013) 14, 19-34.
"FAT10 modifies p53 and upregulates its transcriptional activity" Li, T., Santockyte, R., Yu, S., Shen, R.-F., Tekle, E., Lee, C. G. L., Yang, D. C. H. & Chock, P. B. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (2011) 509, 164-169.
"Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Small-molecule Inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A" Virginia Roxas-Duncan, Istvan Enyedy, Vicki A. Montgomery, Vanessa S. Eccard, Marco A. Carrington, Huiguo Lai, Nizamettin Gul. David C. H. Yang, and Leonard A. Smith; Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2009) 53, 3478-86 [PubMed]
"Quinolinol and Peptide Inhibitors of Zinc Proteases in Botulinum Neurotoxin A: Effects of Zinc ion and Peptides on Inhibition" Lai, H.; Feng, M.; Roxas-Duncan, V.; Dakshanamurthy, S.; Smith, L. A.; Yang, D. C. H.; Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (2009) 491, 75-84 [PubMed]
© Copyright 2006 Georgetown University - Department of Chemistry. All Rights Reserved
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SOURCE Carnival Cruise Lines
MIAMI, Dec. 21, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Earlier this morning, while sailing off the coast of St. Maarten, the Carnival Valor rescued five mariners from a pleasure craft that was sinking in inclement weather.
Following the rescue, the five adults were brought on board Carnival Valor and evaluated by the ship's medical staff, and provided with food and water. Two of Carnival Valor's deck officers sustained minor contusions during the rescue effort.
Carnival Valor is currently in St. Maarten, its next scheduled port of call, where it arrived this morning.
The rescue continues Carnival Cruise Lines' longstanding practice of assisting distressed mariners and vessels at sea.
Carnival Valor was on the last leg of a seven-day cruise that departed San Juan last Sunday, December 15, part of its year-round schedule of week-long southern Caribbean departures from that port.
About Carnival Cruise Lines
Carnival, a unit of Carnival Corporation & plc (NYSE/LSE: CCL; NYSE: CUK), is "The World's Most Popular Cruise Line®" with 24 ships operating three- to 23-day voyages to The Bahamas, Caribbean, Mexican Riviera, Alaska, Hawaii, Canada, New England, Panama Canal, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands and Tahiti. The company's 25th ship, the 135,000-ton Carnival Vista, is scheduled to enter service in 2016.
Carnival is a proud member of World's Leading Cruise Lines. Our exclusive alliance also includes Cunard, Holland America Line, Princess Cruises, Costa Cruises and Seabourn. Sharing a passion to please each guest and a commitment to quality and value, World's Leading Cruise Lines inspires people to discover their best vacation experience. Together, we offer a variety of exciting and enriching cruise vacations to the world's most desirable destinations. Visit us at www.worldleadingcruiselines.com.
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.


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* Weights vary depending on configuration and manufacturing variability.
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This is a fantastic meal to make if you've got too much bread or when your loaf is going stale. I left the capers whole, since I like their saltiness and texture. You can easily adjust the recipe to your liking; get your hands on it (and step-by-step pictures) when you read more. Adapted from A16 Food + Wine by Nate Appleman 1/2 pound country bread Serves 6.
Tuna With Tomatoes, Cucumbers, Capers, and Bread
3/4 cup extra virgin olive oil
2 Persian cucumbers or 1 English (hothouse) cucumber
1 pound tomatoes, cored and quartered
1 tablespoon capers, soaked 30 minutes and chopped
5 basil leaves, coarsely torn
Kosher salt
1 tablespoon red wine vinegar
3/4 cup olive oil-packed tuna, drainedDirections
Summer Supper: A16's Tuna Panzanella
Summer Supper: A16's Tuna Panzanella
A few weeks ago, I raved about a new Italian cookbook called A16 Food + Wine that has a delicious (and unique) meatball recipe. Well, I'm still learning great things from it. This week, I made a panzanella with tuna and capers, another item on the menu at the launch party. Every ingredient, from the briny capers to the fragrant basil, was well-balanced.


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SUU Digital Library
Orlon Mortensen is standing second from right (on the back row) with a few young men and officers. This is Camp F-11 Company 959. Each CCC company throughout the nation worked with an agency of the government. In Emery County the CCCs worked with either the U.S. Forest Service or the Department of Agriculture, Division of Grazing.
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By Kevin H. Wirth, ARN Director of Product Development and Media Relations
Most of us have heard reports about problems with honeybees in recent years. As a long-time beekeeper (well, sort of -- I've been a beekeeper for the past 8 years running), I've followed the issue of the Big Bee Dieoff (CCD) with interest. In my opinion, one of the biggest problems in the beekeeping industry seems to be that of preserving the honeybee as the primary source of pollination for many of our crops. While I sympathize with the losses beekeepers have been subjected to in recent decades (I have lost many of my own hives), I think our focus needs to shift from preserving the honeybee to a focus on a much more pressing issue that has resulted from the decline of honeybee populations: the ability to pollinate our food sources effectively. In my view, we cannot continnue to rely on honeybees for pollinating our crops as heavily as we have in the past, and we need to shift very quickly from a focus on trying to fix the myriad problems facing the honeybee industry to a different pollination solution, or we will be facing a much more significant crisis than the loss of the honeybees: less food for our tables.
Imagine what it would be like if milk cows suddenly started dying off in vast numbers due to some unknown disease. Or if chickens the world over were suddenly overcome with a serious form of avian flu that rendered them unfit for human consumption or egg-laying. This is essentially the equivalent of what has been going on in the honeybee industry in recent years. Honeybees have suffered a tremendous series of hits beginning in the early 1980's when they began to be attacked rather hard by two types of parasites - tracheal mites and varroa mites. These mites can and often have decimated honeybee hives, and did such a great job of it in America that by the 1990's you'd have been hard pressed to find very many wild honeybee hives living in the USA. I well recall as a young man observing a honeybee hive in continuous operation for many years inside an oak tree in the neighborhood where I grew up. It's now long gone, and moreover, any feral hive is almost certain to be doomed by these mites within a short period of time (except in Hawaii, where the mites have not yet infiltrated, last I heard). Of course, these mites also attacked honeybess that were kept by bee keepers in large apiaries, and if just one hive got infected, you could count on it spreading rather rapidly to other hives in short order. This chain reaction has had the effect of wiping out hive colonies en masse over the years, and has provided beekeepers with a significant challenge: how to keep their hives strong and healty - strong enough in fact to produce enough honey to harvest and also enable their bees to survive into the next season.
Unfortunately, the treatment for these parasites has been a (get this) type of insecticide inserted into beehives that takes out the mites, but doesn't kill the bees. Well, it might not actually KILL the bees, but it certainly does weaken them. Plus, the insecticide percolates into the wax created by the bees. My advice for those of you who like to eat honeycomb: don't do it. That wax is most likely contaminated with a variety of pesticides - even from hives that are supposedly organic. Pesticides are picked up by the bees from the sources they visit for pollen and nectar, and you can't control whether the bees fly to locations where pesticides are used. So just because a beekeeper doesn't use any pesticides and calls his honey "organic" doesn't necessarily mean it's free from pesticides (unless he can certify that no one sprays within at least 4 miles of his beehives).
Anyway, for many years now, the mites (as you might have guessed) have built up a resistance to the insecticide used by many beekeepers, and so this treatment has become less and less effective against mites in recent years (just like DDT). A newer and safer treatment is formic acid, but there are handling issues for beekeepers. It's a product that requires extreme caution - but it does seem to be effective, and much safer for both the bees and humans if used properly.
So the mites are still a huge problem, and beekeepers continue to do battle with them. Any major beekeeper has to fight this battle in some way (and win) if he expects to continue with a viable honeybee business.
Add to all this the genetically modified Africanized honeybee (aka "Killer Bees") that have now invaded much of the Southern USA and are presently extending their range. These bees are actually very productive when it comes to honey, however, they will often take over a beehive without the beekeeper's knowledge. The problem is, these bees are 30x more aggressive than the usual breeds of honeybees used by commercial beekeepers, and pose a significant threat to humans and animals. As they continue to expand their range, they will continue to be a thorn in the side of commercial beekeepers.
In just the past few years, beekeepers have seen their hives decimated by yet another type of challenge - only this one is invisible, and no one has any answers for it yet. We still do not understand for sure what causes Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). But we do know that commercially kept honeybees are dying off in great numbers. And, this IS having a very disasterous result on crops that have become dependent upon commercial beekeepers providing honeybees for pollinating those crops.
And that is the issue that needs to be addressed. Many in the beekeeping industry seem to think that the solution needs to be finding a way to preserve honeybees -- but this view is based on the self-interest of the beekeeper, not the real issue we are facing with the sudden die-off of honeybees. The real issue is finding alternative ways of pollinating our crops.
The problem with the honeybees is cause for alarm since much of the food we eat is dependant upon them as pollinators for much of our nation's fruit trees, vegetables, and many other plants that bear fruit. Many states which produce much of our food, particularly California, have come to rely on honeybees for setting the fuit for everything from almonds to watermelons.
With the widespread and deep collapse of the honeybee brought on by mites and CCD, alternatives are not only a good idea, it's fast becoming a necessity. The longer we wait to implement these alternatives, the more disasterous will be the effect on our ability to produce the food we need.
Here is where I'm going to offer my observations and suggestions regarding what needs to be done about this problem.
1) Increase the use of alternative pollinators. While it is important to figure out what's killing off the honeybees and figuring out a recovery strategy, my opinion is that it is far more important to launch one or more agressive alternative pollination strategies. Fixing the honeybee problem is not the solution to pollinating our crops. We need to see the deployment of massive numbers of alternative pollinators. Honeybees are not the only pollinators that can be used to get crops "set" so that fruit and vegetables will grow. My own experience shows that a variety of other insects will also participate in pollination activity if they are given the chance. If they become part of the natural habitat, they will reproduce to whatever extent a nearby crop requires. Many studies indicate that honeybees outperform natural pollinators by only a factor of 10%, which is significant, but hardly the disaster many seem to indicate regarding this crisis. Some would have us think that without honeybees, many crops would simply not get pollinted at all. Personally, I think this is a lot of hype. Alternative pollinators do exist, and can even be encouraged to grow (and I believe their numbers WOULD grow if they did not have to compete with artifically inserted honeybees brought in by beekeepers during the bloom season).
For example, I have a raspberry field on my property, and I can vouch for the fact that bumblebees outperform my honeybees for pollination on a scale of at least 10 to 1. When my raspberry plants are in bloom, I can see scores of bumblebees engaged in pollination, and hardly any honeybees, even though they are more numerous and are close by.
Bumblebees - will pollinate some crops that honeybees often won't even touch where I live (like raspberries, for example)
Masonbees - will pollinate almost anything, and are a viable alternative to honeybees.
Leafcutter bees - are opportunists, ie, they will go wherever there is pollen.
Honeybees are currently by far and away the most relied-upon source of pollination for many key crops all across America, which means if something were to ever happen to honeybees, there go many of our crops (and that's exactly what we're looking at...). So, I think we need to focus on stimulating and growing a variety of home-based indigenous pollinators on a massive scale.
2) Increase the diversity of honeybees used in commercial operations. If we MUST use honeybees (and I don't think we must, but, if we do...) then we should be encouraging the use of a much wider variety of honeybees that are more naturally resistent to varroa and tracheal mites (cetain genetic factors and grooming behaviors contribute to increased survivability against mite infestations among different varieties of honeybees). Currently, the variety of honeybee used by most commercial beekeepers is the Italian. Other varieties have proven to be superior survivors against the mites, and so at the very least, we should be encouraging the distribution of a much broader blend of such honeybees. Thus far, we've only seen experimental efforts, not the widespread implementation I think is needed.
In addition, there is another factor that seems to help: honeybees that create a smaller cell size. Almost all commercial beekeepers place their bees in hives containing frames. Each frame has a standard sized wax-coated "template" (known as "foundation" within the industry) with the initial dimples in place for each honeycomb cell. By making the cell sizes smaller on these templates, some beekeepers in Arizona have shown encouraging results in keeping varroa mite populations down. Beekeepers should pursue this avenue on a much larger scale, keeping in mind that bee size is a function of both inherited characteristics and cell size. Just as farmers breed cows for various traits, so the beekeeper can also choose to use different strains of bees for his enterprise.
In my own bee colonies, I experimented by placing empty hive boxes below boxes with frames, thus allowing the bees to create wax comb below the frames at the size THEY wanted rather than using the size dictated to them by the frame templates. The results were impressive - they survived much better.
So far, there has been lots of talk about what the industry must do so recover from these challenges, but I've not seen much action in implementing what we know will help on the scale that is needed.
There is a lot of tire-spinning going on around this issue, and it's not being treated with the significance it requires. In my view, the problem is solvable, if only we would get out of the "paralysis of analysis" stage and start taking actions we know will improve the situation. Saving the honeybees isn't the main issue (but that's how the matter seems to be viewed by too many folks) - getting our crops pollinated is. We can live without as much honey as we've become accustomed to -- but we sure can't live without the food our growers have come to rely solely on honeybees to pollinate. I say, let's get other pollinators into the mix, and pronto, before we find ourselves in the middle of a much more serious crisis than the loss of the honeybees.
Another site worth looking at:
Seattle area writer and Darwin skeptic Kevin Wirth is a founding member of ARN (formerly Students for Origins Research). He is also the Senior editor, contributor, and publisher of the book "Slaughter of the Dissidents: The Shocking Truth About Killing the Careers of Darwin Doubters" by Dr. Jerry Bergman (2008). This is the most comprehensive book published to date documenting the extent and types of discrimination against Darwin Dissidents. He is also the publisher of Caroline Crocker's upcoming book "Free to Think," (Leafcutter Press) which addresses her critics and relates her experience as an Expelled University professor. Her book is currently slated for release in June of 2009.
To read more essays by Kevin Wirth, click here.
Copyright (c) 2009 by Kevin H. Wirth, all rights reserved. Quotes and links are welcomed with attribution.
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Evolution has become a favorite topic of the news media recently, but for some reason, they never seem to get the story straight. The staff at Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture started this Blog to set the record straight and make sure you knew "the rest of the story".
A blogger from New England offers his intelligent reasoning.
We are a group of individuals, coming from diverse backgrounds and not speaking for any organization, who have found common ground around teleological concepts, including intelligent design. We think these concepts have real potential to generate insights about our reality that are being drowned out by political advocacy from both sides. We hope this blog will provide a small voice that helps rectify this situation.
Website dedicated to comparing scenes from the "Inherit the Wind" movie with factual information from actual Scopes Trial. View 37 clips from the movie and decide for yourself if this movie is more fact or fiction.
Don Cicchetti blogs on: Culture, Music, Faith, Intelligent Design, Guitar, Audio
Australian biologist Stephen E. Jones maintains one of the best origins "quote" databases around. He is meticulous about accuracy and working from original sources.
Most guys going through midlife crisis buy a convertible. Austrialian Stephen E. Jones went back to college to get a biology degree and is now a proponent of ID and common ancestry.
Complete zipped downloadable pdf copy of David Stove's devastating, and yet hard-to-find, critique of neo-Darwinism entitled "Darwinian Fairytales"
Intelligent Design The Future is a multiple contributor weblog whose participants include the nation's leading design scientists and theorists: biochemist Michael Behe, mathematician William Dembski, astronomer Guillermo Gonzalez, philosophers of science Stephen Meyer, and Jay Richards, philosopher of biology Paul Nelson, molecular biologist Jonathan Wells, and science writer Jonathan Witt. Posts will focus primarily on the intellectual issues at stake in the debate over intelligent design, rather than its implications for education or public policy.
A Philosopher's Journey: Political and cultural reflections of John Mark N. Reynolds. Dr. Reynolds is Director of the Torrey Honors Institute at
Biola University.


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Linux Kernel Tax-Exempt
The IRS (Internal Revenue Service) has recognized the Linux Kernel project as a private operating foundation and exempted it from income tax.
Recognition as a private operating foundation by the IRS has given the Linux Kernel Organization a status similar to that of a registered charity. Pursuant to paragraph 501(c)3, the organization is permitted to issue receipts for donations and gifts which are tax-deductible for the giver. Linux Kernel Organization can also distribute the Linux kernel and other Open Source software and engage in tax-exempt operations.
The Linux Kernel Organization is assured of its status as a non-profit organization without regular income, funded by donations for at least a year. After the first year, Kernel Org will be required to submit documents on an annual basis to demonstrate its continued status.
Official recognition is extremely important to the continued existence of the organization, and gives Kernel Org the ability to canvas for funds that would normally be subject to taxation. In addition to this, tax exemption makes the organization more attractive to sponsors who can set off their donations.
The Linux Kernel Organization was founded in 2002. Its current President is H. Peter Anvin, with Jeff Uphoff as Treasurer and Chris Wright as Secretary. The Board also includes Kees Cook and Linus Torvalds.
Issue 161/2014
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Digital Issue: Price $9.99
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Tag Cloud
New TLS Attack Takes the S out of HTTPS
Vulnerability affects many Linux web servers
Munich Adopts Kolab
The Bavarian capital shuns Microsoft, Google, and other alternatives to implement an open source groupware solution.
Canonical Announces Ubuntu Smartphones
Phone vendor partnerships bring Mark Shuttleworth's dream of Ubuntu on a phone a step closer to reality.
Piviti Seeks Funding
Donors will get to vote on new features for the free video editor.
Debian Tech Committee Votes for systemd
Debian project puts init out to pasture and says no to Ubuntu's Upstart.
The Mask: Scary New Face of Internet Intrusion
Ultra-sophisticated attack tool might have originated from a state-sponsored intelligence service.
Epoch 1.0 Released
New alternative for init comes with a small footprint and minimal configuration.
Wayland 1.4 Challenges X11
X marks the target for the next-generation windowing system.
Red Hat Adopts CentOS
Super-clone CentOS Linux gets beamed up to the mother ship.
W3C Promotes Media Source Extensions
HTML technology will enable new video editing and playback options.


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Part 2 in a 3 part mini-series titled "Christ's Cross Is Our Salvation!:" You don't want to miss any of the parts of this series. Be sure to watch them in order. Hosted by Pastor Don Kielley of Word & Spirit Church in Bremerton, WA. Visit our website at www.wordandspiritchurch.com
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Zebra Technologies
Air compressor manufacturer, Campbell Hausfeld, uses passive RFID labels to increase inventory accuracy and decrease labor costs while improving overall process efficiency.
See the full video here.
New technologies increase production opportunities and options. Attend RSTechED to stay ahead of the curve and earn PDH credits in 130+ sessions, labs and workshops.
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Fasthitch questionModerator: Team Cub
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Notice: For sale and wanted posts are not allowed in this forum. Please use our free classifieds or one of our site sponsors for your tractor and parts needs.
7 posts
• Page 1 of 1
Fasthitch questionI am looking at a fast hitch I believe to have come off a F Cub. Did they come with the helper spring. I read somewhere that it is a must have on the fasthitch and not when using a non fasthitch with the standard rockshaft. Could someone please clear me up on this or let me know where to find this information. Thanks
Re: Fasthitch questionIf you have not done so, navigate up to (new) manuals and download the pfd of TC37F rev 6-8-79. All the fast hitch parts are pictured including the helper spring. I don't have a Fast Hitch, but the book shows the spring as part of the kit and with all that weight, it is there for a reason!
Re: Fasthitch questionNot sure I understand the question. The helper spring often goes missing when someone removes and sells the Fast Hitch. The 3rd tab on the TC is on later models, the rockshaft is also a different diameter.
1971 Cub (Rufus) 1950 Cub (Cathy) 1965 Lo Boy Fast Hitch (Nameless III) 1970 Cub 1000 Loader & Fast Hitch (Lee)
Re: Fasthitch questionI will try explain my question. The guy I am trying to trade with does not want to let the helper spring go with the fasthitch he has. If it is not usable without the helper spring this would mean either I reduce my offer or not get it at all. I don't know how available the helper springs are.
Re: Fasthitch questionIt is not complete without the helper. People always seem to be looking for them because they get separated from the hitch when parting out.
Re: Fasthitch questionTake a printout of the parts catalog section along with you when you go talk to the guy. That way you can show him that the spring is part of the hitch. The hitch can be used without the spring, but at a substantially reduced lifting capacity. Without the spring and brackets, the price of the hitch should be reduced substantially for not being complete.
Re: Fasthitch questionYep, like Jim says.
Not sure there is much advantage (if any) to having one on a Cub without a Fast Hitch...... You WILL pay dearly to get it separate from the FH. 1971 Cub (Rufus) 1950 Cub (Cathy) 1965 Lo Boy Fast Hitch (Nameless III) 1970 Cub 1000 Loader & Fast Hitch (Lee)
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Who is onlineUsers browsing this forum: DarinO, Dusty B, ericofmaine, FCub S. E. Tn, vern b and 9 guests |


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bakedjake - 11:13 pm on Sep 22, 2010 (gmt 0)
This should make some old timers chuckle:
Google is taking legal action in an attempt to stem the tide of rogue pharmacies advertising on its sites.
The search engine filed a suit in a US federal court on Tuesday against advertisers which the search company believes have broken its rules, in an open-ended action which will expand as it catches more offenders.
Google to sue 'rogue pharmacies' [ft.com]


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AAR Wheel and Brake Services Earns 2012 Top Shop Honors
Its Wheel and Brake Services division has earned a 2012 Top Shop Award from OneAero MRO.
MIAMI, February 19, 2013 – AAR (NYSE: AIR) announces that its Wheel and Brake Services division has earned a 2012 Top Shop Award from OneAero MRO. This is the third year aviation industry peers have selected AAR for the honor.
Top Shop awards recognize superior customer support, excellent turnaround times and competitive repair pricing in several categories of aviation maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO). Only 17 out of more than 500 repair centers listed on the OneAero MRO online database are Top Shop honorees.
AAR offers a complete range of aircraft wheel and brake services, including repair, rebuilding and inspection, for all major aircraft types used in commercial, military and regional operations. The Company expanded its Miami wheel and brake operation in 2011.
"Our growth couldn't happen without on-time, on-target deliveries and satisfied customers," said Pastor Lopez, Vice President and General Manager, AAR Landing Gear Services in Miami. "What awards like this really come down to is our employees' skillful execution. It's not just exceptional training; it's their commitment to supporting our customers. They are the ones who have earned this honor."
Landing Gear Wheel and Brake Services are part of AAR's 1MRO (SM) offerings, which include engineering and aircraft services delivered via a network of five aircraft repair stations located in Duluth, Minn., Indianapolis, Hot Springs, Ark., Oklahoma City and Miami.
All winners of the Top Shop Awards were nominated and ultimately selected by their peers in the aviation industry. OneAero MRO, a global leader in providing online marketing and support services to the aviation repair market, whittled the nominations to create a list of finalists. The list then was distributed to a panel of 20 airlines and suppliers around the world, who selected the 2012 winners.
Nominations for 2013 Top Shop awards, to be presented next year, are being accepted through February 28. More than 2000 repair centers will compete for a chance to win in one of 18 categories.
About AAR
AAR is a global aerospace and defense contractor that employs more than 6,000 people in 17 countries. Based in Wood Dale, Illinois, AAR supports commercial, government and defense customers through two operating segments: Aviation Services and Technology Products. AAR's services include inventory management and parts distribution; aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul; and expeditionary airlift. AAR's products include cargo systems and containers; mobility systems and shelters; advanced aerostructures; and command and control systems. More information can be found at www.aarcorp.com.
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AAR's 1MRO Network Streamlines Aircraft Maintenance and Modification
Empowered by AAR's integrated IT systems, 1MRO (SM) employs the same procedures, quality assurance checks and performance tracking at all five of its locations.
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Connecting its nationwide 1MRO network is an integrated information technology system that streamlines tracking, quality assurance and completion of projects across its MRO facilities.
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AAR Awarded Major U.S. Airline Reconfiguration Program
The B757-200 reconfiguration program includes replacement of all first and economy class passenger seats and existing galleys, a new In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) system, and updates to the interior...


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Brandon Sanderson's The Stormlight Archive sequence began in 2010 with the New York Times bestseller The Way of Kings. Now, the eagerly anticipated Words of Radiance continues the epic story and answers many...
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The greatly anticipated final book in the New York Times bestselling Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins. The Capitol is angry. The Capitol wants revenge. Who do they think should pay for the unrest? Katniss...
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Availability: Holiday Inn Santee
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Two Queen Beds, Non-Smoking
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Standard Room
Santee hotel with an indoor pool
Situated in a rural location, this hotel is close to Santee Outlets, Lake Marion, and Santee State Park. Regional attractions also include Foxboro Golf Club.
Hotel Features
In addition to a restaurant, Holiday Inn Santee features an indoor pool. Other amenities include a bar/lounge and a business center.
Room Amenities
Televisions come with premium satellite channels. Guestrooms also feature refrigerators, microwaves, and climate control.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Holiday Inn Santee Amenities
- General
Holiday Inn Santee features an indoor pool and a fitness center. The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink.
A business center is on site at this 3-star property. This Santee hotel also offers complimentary newspapers in the lobby, a safe deposit box at the front desk, and air conditioning in public areas.
- Swimming pool - indoor
- Complimentary newspapers in lobby
- Fitness facilities
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- Room service
- Bar/lounge
- Business center
- Business services
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Air-conditioned public areas
- Number of floors - 4
- Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
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- Complimentary newspaper
- Free local calls
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Holiday Inn Santee has a restaurant on site.
Room service is available.
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Recreational amenities at the hotel include an indoor pool and a fitness center.
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To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
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- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Braille or raised signage
Holiday Inn Santee Policies & Fees
- Check-in
Check-in time starts at 4 PM
- Check-out
Check-out time is 11 AM
- Pets
Pets not allowed
- General
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Fees
- The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Pet fee: USD 20 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.


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Home > Research > Research Publications |
Current Issues in Economics and
Finance Second District Highlights |
New York City Immigrants: The 1990s
Wave |
June 2005 Volume 11, Number 6 |
JEL classification: R10, R11 |
Authors: Rae Rosen, Susan Wieler, and Joseph Pereira Fueled by a steady influx of immigrants, New York City's population turnover in the 1990s was almost double the average for the nation's 100 largest cities. A close look at the city's new foreign-born residents suggests that they are a very diverse group, showing marked differences in education level, English language fluency, and other characteristics that help determine labor market skills and performance. |


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Trayvon Martin case: Complete coverage
article News 3/12/14 George Zimmerman's divorce attorneys release video George Zimmerman's attorneys release interview with him, says he thinks he can be good person ... Read More »
article News 3/10/14 Sharpton leads march over 'stand your ground' law Rev. Al Sharpton leads protest march over Florida's 'stand your ground' law at Florida Capitol ... Read More »
article Region/State 3/10/14 Lawmakers say they're struggling with FOI proposal Conn. lawmakers admit they're struggling with proposed FOI changes to protect victims' privacy ... Read More »
article Nation 3/10/14 Black Twitter flexing muscles on and offline #This! Black Twitter coming out as force both on and offline ... Read More »
article Technology 3/10/14 Black Twitter growing into online force #This! Black Twitter growing into a force to be reckoned online and off ... Read More »


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