text:
Many Advances
Made, But Additional Emphasis Is Needed on Key Initiatives in the Security
Services Organization
October 2002
Reference Number: 2003-20-005
This report has cleared the Treasury
Inspector General for Tax Administration disclosure review process and
information determined to be restricted from public release has been redacted
from this document.
4, 2002
FROM: Pamela J. Gardiner /s/ Pamela J. Gardiner
Acting Inspector General
SUBJECT: Final Audit Report - Many Advances Made,
But Additional Emphasis Is Needed on Key Initiatives in the Security Services
Organization (Audit # 200220022)
This report presents the
results of our review of key initiatives in the Security Services
organization. The overall objective of
this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected activities performed
by the Security Services organization.
We undertook this review to assist us in making our annual evaluation of
the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) technology security program and practices.
In summary, a successful
security program relies on both the managers in the IRS' business units and the
Chief Information Officer's (CIO) staff to develop and enforce security
policies. Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) policy states that functional managers are primarily responsible
for the security of systems under their control. The CIO's office must administer the program by coordinating with
managers in business units to provide a strategic view of the agency's
crosscutting security needs. In the
IRS, this function is carried out by Security Services.
Since its establishment in
1997, Security Services has been responsible for increasing the attention given
to technology security issues within the IRS.
Security Services has made many significant advances including a much
stronger virus protection program, the establishment of the Computer Security
Incident Response Center, effective efforts made in response to the terrorist
activities of September 11, 2001, and subsequent anthrax attacks, improvements made in IRS-wide disaster recovery
capabilities, particularly at the computing centers, and increasing the number
of systems that have been certified.
Significant progress has also been made in establishing a Common
Operating Environment to standardize software and security features on
employees' computers.
Still, we believe Security
Services could continue to improve security in the IRS by placing more emphasis
on a few key areas. Increased emphasis
in the areas noted below will help to ensure that computer security controls
are being effectively implemented and operating as intended to reduce risks.
Policies for some key
security issues have not been developed.
Those policies that have been developed have taken up to several years
before being issued. The IRS remains
unnecessarily vulnerable to security attacks while these policies are being
Security Services did
conduct reviews of key IRS facilities during the year. However, Federal law requires functional
managers to annually review the security of the systems for which they are
accountable. To our knowledge, none of
these reviews were conducted. Security
Services officials believed that their facilities reviews achieved the intent
of the law. Without the annual system
reviews, however, the IRS has only limited assurance that the appropriate
policies and procedures have been developed and implemented and that system
controls integrate with other IRS systems.
While Security Services
uses various methods and techniques to provide computer security awareness, it
does not have a systematic method for evaluating whether these activities are
having a positive effect. Having such information
would enable Security Services management to better direct its computer
security awareness activities to the topics and audiences that need the most
The computer security
training program needs improvement.
Until recently, Security Services had deferred to business unit managers
to ensure that required training took place and to a group of Information
Systems personnel in the Midwest area to develop curricula. Although recommended by standards-setting
organizations, computer security training in the IRS is not role-based, a
system is not in place to accurately track the training employees attend, and
methods do not exist to determine whether employees have learned, retained, and
applied what they have been taught.
Based on our limited sample, employees may not be receiving adequate
training. As a result, systems may be
unnecessarily at risk.
Security Services developed
an effective monitoring tool to help track progress on these and other key
security issues. Actions were initiated
to reduce security vulnerabilities in each of 15 areas. Quarterly reviews are conducted to evaluate
progress and to highlight specific areas needing further improvement.
We recommended that
resources be assigned to develop policies for key security issues and that the
process for vetting policies be streamlined.
Upfront involvement by functional users could expedite the approval
process. Functional managers should
conduct annual system reviews to comply with the Government Information
Security Reform Act (GISRA) and Security Services should assist, using tools
mandated by the OMB. Security Services
should develop techniques to gain feedback on awareness activities and develop
a more formal training program for employees with key security responsibilities.
Copies of this report are also being sent to the IRS managers who are affected by the report recommendations. Please contact me at (202) 622-6510 if you have questions or Scott E. Wilson, Assistant Inspector General for Audit (Information Systems Programs), at (202) 622-8510.
Security Services Has Taken Action to Strengthen the Overall
Security Policy Development Needs to Be Streamlined
Program Officials Do Not Conduct Required Annual Program Reviews
Security Awareness Activities Are Not Evaluated
Security Services Has Not Effectively Overseen the Computer Security Training Program
Security Services Has Developed a
Process to Monitor Progress in Meeting Security Objectives
Appendix I – Detailed Objective, Scope, and Methodology
Appendix II – Major Contributors to This Report
Appendix III – Report Distribution List
Appendix IV – Management's Response to the Draft Report
Federal law and policy state that functional managers are primarily responsible for the security of their systems and must assess the risks for each of those systems. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible for administering the security program and providing a strategic view of security issues that cut across these systems. In the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), this responsibility has been given to the Chief, Security Services.
Security Services (formerly the Office of Security) was established in 1997 to create corporate solutions for Agency-wide computer security problems. Security Services' responsibility is to focus on a continuous program of evaluating and improving the IRS' security program and processes and to work with management to drive solutions, develop sound security processes, and establish mechanisms that support IRS functional managers in assessing security risks and making decisions regarding those risks.
Evaluating and improving security in the IRS is a difficult challenge. Unscrupulous employees may have access to sensitive taxpayer data maintained by the IRS. Also, as the primary revenue collector for the United States, the IRS is a target for both terrorists and hackers. This threat has increased with more interconnectivity of computer systems.
We performed our audit work between January and May 2002 at the Security Services office in IRS National Headquarters. The audit was conducted in accordance with Government Auditing Standards. Detailed information on our audit objective, scope, and methodology is presented in Appendix I. Major contributors to the report are listed in Appendix II.
Since its inception in 1997, Security Services has focused increased attention on the issue of computer security within the IRS. Its primary focus has been to address issues that have posed significant security risks for the IRS. For example:
· Corrective actions were taken that resulted in a much stronger virus protection program.
· The Computer Security Incident Response Center has significantly enhanced the intrusion detection efforts within the IRS.
· Security controls were enhanced at all IRS campuses in response to the terrorist activities of September 11, 2001, and subsequent anthrax attacks. Related improvements have been made in IRS-wide disaster recovery capabilities, particularly at the computing centers.
· The number of systems that have been certified has increased. As of May 2002, the IRS reported that 39 percent of its systems had been certified, ensuring that they contain appropriate security controls necessary to protect against system breaches. While this is still a relatively low percentage, progress has been made since 2000, when only 10 percent of its systems were certified.
· A major effort has been made to ensure security features are included in new systems before they are "rolled out."
· A significant effort has been made to implement the Common Operating Environment (COE) that provides IRS end-users with a uniform set of applications and common software features. The COE provides a means to affect what an end-user can and cannot do, by enabling or disabling specific features of the operating system and computer applications.
Overall, Security Services has made significant strides in addressing security issues, particularly with a limited staff. However, additional improvements are needed in the following key areas.
In February 2002, the IRS asked the MITRE
Corporation to provide an analysis to identify gaps between
Federal/Department of the Treasury requirements and IRS security policies. MITRE identified policy gaps in 12 areas
including the following:
Continuity of
Operations Plans.
Credit Card
Security on the Internet.
Management System Controls.
mechanisms, including CGI Scripts and ActiveX.
and Labeling of Limited Official Use Data.
The IRS has begun work on the Continuity of
Operations Plans. However, policies
have not been developed to address the other policy gaps.
The development of policies often takes an
unreasonable length of time, even for critical security issues. For example, guidance for administering the
Windows NT operating system used throughout the IRS took several years to
develop. The IRS is estimating that
critical policies over the configuration of Internet gateways, which control
information to and from the Internet, will take 15 months to issue from the
date the need to do so was identified.
A policy for the Intrusion Detection System
and firewalls is also taking an unreasonable amount of time to develop. The MITRE Corporation, under another
contract, had delivered guidance, standards, and procedures in February 2002. The Deputy Director, Computer Security for
Incident Response, is now in the process of making some changes and updates to
that guidance. The guidance will then
undergo the vetting process and then be submitted to the Technology Security
Committee headed by the Deputy Commissioner for Modernization & CIO. Final guidance is now expected to be
delivered by September 2002 but could take even longer.
We attribute these policy gaps to a lack of emphasis by Security Services and to an unnecessarily lengthy vetting process used by the IRS. Guidelines have to go through a process whereby all the affected parties in the IRS review the guidelines and offer their concerns, problems, and suggestions that Security Services then tries to address. The vetting process takes months.
While the policies and guidance are being
developed, the vulnerabilities and risks are still left unresolved. Computer security issues change rapidly with
additional risks and exposures to IRS systems occurring daily. The process of policy development and
implementation should be streamlined to keep pace and afford protection of
systems and infrastructure.
The Deputy Commissioner for Modernization & CIO should:
1. Assign the necessary resources to address the critical policy gaps and accelerate estimated completion dates for draft policies and guidance.
Management's Response: Management, in effect, disagreed with this recommendation by stating that policies existed for many of the areas that we indicated need to be developed.
Office of Audit Comment: Although Security Services indicates that policies do exist for seven of the nine areas indicated in our report, the references provided do not include clear policy statements. We concur with the MITRE study, which concluded that well-developed and publicized policies in these areas need to be completed.
Accelerate the vetting process. We recognize that input from functional
users is critical to the success of all security policies. Rather than wait until guidance is drafted,
we suggest that user representatives be assigned early to assist in the
development of the policies. The
vetting process could also be accelerated by establishing and adhering to tight
time frames for review and comment.
Management's Response: Management, in effect, disagreed with this recommendation by stating that their policy vetting process is sufficient as it now exists.
of Audit Comment: Implementation of
security policies has taken, in some cases, years to be developed. As noted in the report, for example,
guidance for administering the Windows NT operating system used throughout the
IRS took several years to develop. We
anticipate that the policy development process should improve with the
implementation of the Security Governance structure initiated during our audit.
Security Services' oversight responsibilities have been
assigned to Security Policy Support and Oversight. This office carries out these responsibilities primarily by
conducting physical security checks, automated network scans, and other
facilities-based reviews. Between May
2001 and April 2002, it conducted 27 reviews of IRS facilities and performed
network reviews at 10 service centers.
The system reviews were limited to the use of scanning software. Weaknesses were identified and
recommendations to improve security were made.
The Government Information Security Reform Act (GISRA) also
requires that appropriate senior functional officials annually test and
evaluate information security controls and techniques on the systems assigned
to them. The Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) states that the CIO should assist functional officials in
understanding and addressing risks, especially the increased risk resulting
from interconnecting with other programs and systems over which the functional
officials have little or no control.
The OMB suggests that, to promote consistent reviews and reporting
across the government, functional officials should use the CIO Council's Federal
Information Technology Security Assessment Framework and National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) guidance as a basis.
IRS business unit officials had not conducted any security
reviews in Fiscal Years (FY) 2001 and 2002, to date. Security Services did not play an active role in encouraging and
assisting in these reviews because it believes that it meets the intent of the
GISRA through its facility reviews. The
Chief, Security Services, believes that the office's methodology provides a more
comprehensive, enterprise-wide approach for assessing the IRS' security
programs than would be provided by using a system-by-system approach.
Security Services also believes that the GISRA and OMB
guidance are subject to many different interpretations and that the OMB did not
provide sufficient or timely guidance to agencies to clarify expectations. Security Services did not believe the OMB
intended agencies to apply the review guidance to each IRS sensitive
We followed up with the OMB and confirmed it intended that
each system be reviewed annually using the NIST framework. The OMB clarified this issue in guidance
issued for GISRA reporting in FY 2002.
We believe that both the facility reviews conducted by the
IRS and the annual system reviews required by the OMB are necessary to determine
the acceptable level of risk and to maintain an adequate level of
security. Facility reviews give some
assurance of the adequacy of physical, operating system, and network security. However, without the sensitive system
reviews, the IRS cannot fully assess whether security policies and procedures
have been consistently implemented, and if operational, management and
technical controls are functioning as intended for its sensitive systems.
Conducting annual system reviews should promote accountability for functional executives and ensure that security controls enable, but do not unnecessarily impede, business operations.
The Deputy Commissioner for Modernization & CIO should:
responsible functional officials to assess each agency-wide system at least
annually to comply with existing law and policy. Functional officials should develop action plans for all
sensitive application weaknesses and coordinate with Security Services to correct
those weaknesses. Per the OMB, the scope
of the annual reviews can vary depending on risk, prior reviews, and the status
of corrective actions for previously identified system weaknesses.
Management's Response: Security Services
has activities underway to identify and define the roles and responsibilities
of the functional officials for conducting annual system reviews, in
partnership with the business units.
Management anticipates addressing this issue over the next 18 months. However, Security Services believes
its current technical assessments, which include some systems reviews,
substantially reduce the risks of functional officials not fulfilling their
GISRA responsibilities for conducting annual assessments of their sensitive
Assist functional managers in complying with the intent of
GISRA and OMB requirements by:
with functional officials in conducting the required annual program
reviews. To meet this responsibility,
it may be necessary to divert some resources currently used by Security Policy
Support and Oversight in its facility reviews.
the results of the program reviews in the annual self-assessment provided to
the Department of the Treasury.
the weaknesses identified in the program reviews in the Plan of Action and
Management's Response: Management is
making improvements to comply with GISRA and OMB requirements. Activities are underway to identify and
define the roles and responsibilities of the functional officials for
conducting annual program assessments, in partnership with the business
units. As functional officials
implement the defined roles and responsibilities, their results will be
included in the annual self-assessment and Plan of Action and Milestones
provided to the Department of the Treasury.
Management anticipates addressing these issues over the next 18 months.
Another function of Security Services is to promote
security awareness for all IRS employees.
The Security Awareness Program Office is charged with carrying out this
responsibility. We consider employee
awareness of security risks to be perhaps the weakest link in protecting
taxpayer data and assets from disclosure or loss. For example, in a prior TIGTA review, 71 of 100 employees we
contacted were willing to change their password to 1 provided by a caller
pretending to work on the Help Desk.
Security Services has provided a wide variety of computer
security awareness activities using various methods and techniques as
recommended by the NIST and the General Accounting Office (GAO). However, it does not have assurance that its
efforts are having a positive effect.
Security Services does not have a systematic method for
regularly obtaining information or data on the impact of its computer security
awareness activities. Such information
could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of these activities, help measure
trends in whether employee computer security awareness is improving or
decreasing, and help redirect computer security awareness activities to the
topics and audiences that need the most attention.
The NIST and the GAO recommend that computer security
awareness activities include:
test measures, such as true/false or multiple-choice questions, to ascertain
what has been learned and retained.
incident reports to monitor for noncompliance with computer security.
how well employees follow recommended security procedures.
periodic tests by contacting employees directly to measure their security
Another potential source for analyzing trends in employee
computer security awareness is the IRS' Automated Labor and Employee Relations
Tracking System (ALERTS). The ALERTS
contains a database of employee relation cases that may result in disciplinary
and adverse actions. The ALERTS coding
system tracks cases involving unauthorized access to tax return or return
information and misuse of the Internet and e-mail systems.
Security Services does not use any of these methods to evaluate the effectiveness of its computer security awareness activities. Security Services officials advised that the IRS generally does not test employees to determine what they have learned or retained from training. They advised that their responsibility ends with providing the awareness, with the only testing accomplished during the periodic compliance reviews conducted by Security Policy, Support and Oversight.
By not tracking and evaluating its security awareness efforts, the IRS cannot determine whether employees understand their security responsibilities. Employees could commit security breaches knowingly or unknowingly that result in loss or unauthorized disclosure of taxpayer data. Also, awareness activities may not be targeted to the appropriate audience, which could result in unnecessary costs.
better assess the effectiveness of computer security awareness activities, the
Deputy Commissioner for Modernization & CIO should:
5. Consider testing security awareness by surveying selected employees as part of the annual computer security awareness week activities, performing direct contact tests to assess employees' awareness of computer security, reviewing data available in the ALERTS and incident reports to identify trends, and targeting awareness activities to those trends.
Management's Response: Management will explore various assessment methods and techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of their computer security awareness activities. The Security Awareness Program Office will continue to develop and improve tools for obtaining feedback on computer security awareness activities and responding with targeted awareness activities. The School of Information Technology (SIT) is improving its ability to identify trends, and the Security Awareness Program Office will work closely with security officers to develop annual security awareness training that employees receive. Management anticipates addressing these issues over the next 18 months.
The NIST and the GAO recommend that:
· Computer security training should be role-based. Role-based learning focuses on the job functions employees perform rather than on their job titles. It provides security training that satisfies the specific requirements of an employee's role.
· A system for effectively tracking each employee's training should be in place.
· Methods should be employed for determining whether employees have learned and retained what they have been taught and whether their performance has improved. Some of the better methods that can be used to help measure this are various types of testing that take place before and at the end of courses and feedback from supervisors on whether employee performance has improved.
IRS employees with key security responsibilities are dispersed in many locations throughout the organization. Many report to the Deputy Commissioner for Modernization & CIO, but others report to functional managers. Ensuring that each of these employees receives the appropriate training for his or her role is a difficult challenge. Currently, IRS computer security training does not follow any of the NIST and GAO recommendations.
Curricula for key security roles have not been developed. The SIT operated by the Midstates Area had begun developing employee skill sets based on the job functions employees perform and with the intent of identifying specific training that will provide employees the needed skills. These initiatives have no formal or approved plans that set forth the tasks to be performed, the persons assigned to these tasks, time frames for completing them, and expected deliverables. Without the expertise and vision of employees in Security Services, we believe it a high risk that the training will not be on target.
In addition, a reliable system is not in place to track employees' training. The IRS uses a national database for storing training data on employees; however, the data are not kept current. As a result, the IRS cannot determine the number of employees given security training, the types of training provided, and the costs of the training. Plans are not in place to replace this system.
Also, testing and other follow-up techniques are not used to determine whether training was successful. The IRS cannot determine whether employees have learned and retained what they have been taught and whether their performance has improved.
As a result, Security Services has no assurance that employees are adequately skilled to perform computer security duties, which could place systems at unnecessary risk.
Security Services had not
sufficiently overseen, directed, and guided these initiatives. Instead, it had deferred to the SIT for the development of the
security training program. Functional
managers submitted their training requests directly to the SIT.
Security Services believed that functional managers were in
the best position to decide their staffs' training needs and assumed that these
managers provided it. Security Services
placed the responsibility on the managers for being aware of their staffs' current
assignments and ensuring that the training received was commensurate with the
employees' assignment and put into practice immediately. Security Services also believed that
correcting the training database was not its responsibility.
Near the end of our review,
Security Services committed to defining those skills necessary for employees
with security responsibilities and assisting in devising curricula for
acquiring needed skills. We still
believe that Security Services is in the best position to also oversee and
track training to ensure a consistent skill level is maintained for these key
The Deputy Commissioner for Modernization & CIO should:
6. Take overall responsibility for providing security training. Curricula should be developed for each key security role. Consideration should be given to requiring annual minimum continuing professional education credits. Training given to employees with key security responsibilities should be tracked, and methods for determining whether employees learn and retain what they have been taught need to be developed and used.
Management's Response: Management has activities underway to identify, define, and track competency-based security training. These activities will identify security-related training needs of defined security roles, validate and update courses, communicate training opportunities and guidance to key personnel, complete development of e-learning tools, and begin quarterly monitoring of course participation. Management anticipates addressing these activities over the next 18 months. The SIT is improving its ability to identify participation and trends through the service-wide training system it maintains. Additional employee security training assessment tools and methods will require coordination with the National Treasury Employees Union.
Security Services developed a framework that identifies the
key security responsibilities of Federal agencies. It is linked to the 15 security areas provided by the NIST. The framework, if used effectively, enables
management to quickly identify the current status, barriers to improvement,
responsible official, and expected completion date for corrective actions. The IRS has identified actions to reduce
security vulnerabilities in each of the 15 areas and is tracking its progress
during quarterly business performance reviews.
The Department of the Treasury adopted the IRS' framework for use in all
Appendix I
Detailed Objective, Scope, and Methodology
The overall objective of this audit was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected activities performed by the Security Services organization. We undertook this review to assist us in making our annual evaluation of the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) security program and practices, as required by the Government Information Security Reform Act (GISRA). We expect many of the questions posed by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for the 2002 GISRA process to be centered on the activities of Security Services.
accomplish our overall objective, we performed work on the following five
I. Determined if Security Services provided the policies and procedures necessary to protect IRS data, personnel, and equipment.
A. Obtained the MITRE Corporation's security policy and procedure gap analysis.
B. Obtained the IRS' response to MITRE's findings in the analysis and reviewed corrective actions proposed by the IRS. Determined if the response contained specific assignment of actions needed along with expected completion dates.
C. Based on other audit work, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) Council's Federal Information Technology Security Assessment Framework, and guidance issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), determined if there were any policies and procedures not identified by MITRE's policy and procedures gap analysis.
II. Determined if Security Services provided sufficient direction to functional executives in carrying out its required annual reviews and had adequate controls to monitor such reviews.
A. Identified applicable OMB requirements for the annual reviews.
B. Contacted the OMB and ascertained its intent regarding who is to perform the reviews and the review scope.
C. Determined Security Services' understanding of OMB requirements regarding the annual reviews.
D. Documented the extent to which the annual reviews had been conducted by functional executives.
E. Documented the system that Security Services has in place to ensure that the reviews are performed.
F. Identified instructions and requirements that Security Services had provided to functional executives in carrying out their annual required reviews. Determined if the basis for these instructions and requirements was the CIO Council framework consisting of five questions for each sensitive system. Determined if:
1. The instructions required functional executives in coordination with Information Technology Services staff to annually review their risk assessments and security plans and system configuration settings for the systems they own.
2. The instructions were consistent with GISRA requirements for assigning responsibilities for accomplishing the required annual reviews.
III. Determined if Security Services provided sufficient direction on the types of training needed for specific security functions, and determined if it adequately monitored the delivery to ensure all security employees received the necessary training.
A. Obtained back-up documentation supporting the assessment and rationale for the training performance criteria assertions.
B. Obtained the tactical plan for the training assertions.
C. Compared the plan to NIST and Office of Personnel Management guidance on computer security training.
D. Interviewed key personnel for the training tactical plan.
E. Selected a sample of 20 employees with security responsibilities and obtained documentation to determine if they have had the required training.
IV. Determined if Security Services had taken sufficient actions to increase IRS employees' awareness of their security responsibilities. Determined if:
A. Security Services had a designated organizational component responsible for carrying out computer security awareness activities.
B. There were standardized consequences for security violations.
C. The awareness training program included communicating to users the consequences of committing security violations.
D. Security Services was aware of violations that had occurred, and if so, determined what disciplinary actions were taken in these cases.
E. Listed all security awareness actions and compared them to NIST guidelines on implementing a good security awareness program.
V. Determined if Security Services had performed sufficient tests to ensure that security policies and procedures were implemented as prescribed.
A. Identified Security Evaluation and Oversight's responsibilities for conducting periodic security control reviews at IRS facilities. Researched the Internal Revenue Manual and other applicable guidance.
B. Obtained a schedule of reviews planned and completed by type of facility for the last 2 fiscal years.
C. Compared the scope of its reviews with guidance provided by the CIO Council framework and NIST guidance.
D. Determined if it documented weaknesses identified in these reviews in its database and if it followed up to ensure the weaknesses were corrected
Appendix II
Major Contributors to This Report
Scott E. Wilson, Assistant Inspector General
for Audit (Information Systems Programs)
Stephen Mullins, Director
Gerald H. Horn, Audit Manager
Richard T. Borst, Senior Auditor
Bret D. Hunter, Senior Auditor
David C. Hodge, Auditor
Joan Raniolo, Auditor
Appendix III
Commissioner N:C
Deputy Commissioner
Chief, Security Services
Chief Counsel CC
National Taxpayer Advocate
Director, Legislative Affairs CL:LA
Director, Office of Program Evaluation and Risk
Analysis N:ADC:R:O
Office of Management Controls N:CFO:F:M
Audit Liaisons:
Deputy Commissioner for Modernization &
Chief Information Officer M
Office of Security Services M:S
Response to the Draft Report
The response
was removed due to its size. To see the
complete response, please go to the Adobe PDF version of the report on the
TIGTA Public Web Page.


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text:
Stings in Sicily Reveal Mafia Role in Green Energy (Palermo)
Foreign direct investment has markedly lagged in Italy and Greece, two countries at the heart of the debt crisis that are also ranked by Transparency International as the euro zone's most corrupt economies. Italy, for instance, has received $87 billion in foreign investment from 2007 through mid-2012, compared to $183 billion in the Netherlands, $289 billion in France and $502 billion in Britain, according to the Paris-based OECD.
"The mafia is contaminating the economy by entering more legitimate businesses, making markets less transparent and corrupting public officials," said Michele Polo, professor of economics at Bocconi University in Milan. "Along with tax evasion, combating corruption is the major obstacle ahead for Italy's economy."
Italian prosecutors are confronting a surge in the mafia's illicit activities, with organized crime syndicates, particularly those based on the mainland, developing closer international links to Latin America's drug cartels and seen as responsible for vast waste, corruption and inefficiencies in state projects across the southern half of the country. In October, the entire city council in Reggio Calabria, in the south, was suspended due to its alleged links to the 'Ndrangheta crime family.
Here in Sicily, the depth of the mafia's involvement has been a gradually emerging story, with a first wave of arrests in 2010. After acquiring new evidence through a network of informants and wiretaps, authorities staged a second round of arrests last month.
Those newly charged included Angelo, the construction industry businessman who, officials say, was caught by a wiretap in 2007 talking with Funari about a partnership in the renewables sector. Jailed pending trial, Angelo has denied the corruption charges against him. Arrested in 2010, Funari is appealing his conviction on mafia charges.
According to court documents, wiretap transcripts and interviews with officials familiar with the investigations, mafia involvement in the renewables sector followed a familiar path. Crime families and businessmen would target land suitable for wind or solar plants, sometimes pressuring landowners to sell or offer long-term leases. Corrupt local officials were enlisted to speed through application processes that could otherwise take three to six years. After receiving approval, they would approach foreign investors eager to tap the Italian government's green subsidies program.
Some foreign investors involved in the projects apparently did not know the extent of the illegality they were stepping into. "But others just didn't want to know," said one official familiar with the case who spoke on the condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the press.
Meanwhile, the mafia's involvement inhibited legitimate renewable business investment in Sicily. The experience of Salvatore Moncada — a local entrepreneur who sought to legally build clean energy projects here — became a cautionary tale for potential investors.
Moncada said he entered the sector in the late 1990s, eventually rolling out six wind farms, 10 solar parks and one solar panel factory amid the sloping vineyards and sleepy farmhouses of the Sicilian countryside. But as he attempted to sidestep a push by organized crime to control the renewables sector — eschewing efforts to use mob-connected developers and refusing to make a customary payments of 2 percent of profits — his business came under attack.
In 2007, arsonists set fire to one of his wind farms, causing $4 million in damages. In 2009, the Terrasi crime family attempted to block one of his company's new wind farms by claiming ownership rights to the land, eventually prompting 14 arrests and forcing Moncada and his family into two years of police protection.


text:
John Wilkins
03/09/2013 Redbirds Top Panthers In Quarterfinal, Face Wichita State SaturdayFor the second-straight year, ISU beats UNI and faces Wichita State in the semifinals. 03/09/2013 Title Game Spot On The Line As ISU Battles Wichita State SaturdayThe Redbirds are 5-3 against the Shockers in the Missouri Valley Conference Tournament. 03/06/2013 Redbirds Face Panthers Again In Valley QuarterfinalIllinois State is 5-3 against Northern Iowa at the MVC Tournament. 03/01/2013 Tournament Seed At Stake In Regular-Season FinaleSaturday's game at Northern Iowa to be televised on Comcast SportsNet Chicago. 02/27/2013 Redbirds Blow Out Bears on Senior Night, 86-50Seniors Tyler Brown and Jackie Carmichael led the way for the Redbirds in the victory over the Bears. 02/28/2013 WJBC Redbird Recap - Missouri St. vs. ISUWJBC Redbird Recap - Missouri St. vs. ISU 02/03/2013 WJBC MBB Recap vs. Southern Illinois12/17/2012 WJBC Redbird Recap - ISU vs. Morgan StateWJBC Redbird Recap - ISU vs. Morgan State 02/05/2012 WJBC Redbird Recap MBB ISU vs. BradleyWJBC Redbird Recap MBB ISU vs. Bradley 01/29/2012 WJBC Redbird Recap ISU vs. Southern IllinoisWJBC Redbird Recap ISU vs. Southern Illinois 03/09/2013 Illinois State vs. Wichita StateIllinois State men's basketball 03/08/2013 No. 6 Illinois State vs. No. 3 Northern IowaIllinois State wins 73-65 over UNI in the Quarterfinal round of the MVC Tournament. 02/27/2013 Illinois State vs. Missouri State 86-50Illinois State honors its seniors at Senior Night vs. Missouri State. 02/13/2013 Illinois State vs. BradleyIllinois State vs. Bradley Feb. 13, 2013 at Redbird Arena 02/02/2013 ISU Basketball vs. SIU (2/2/13)ISU Basketball vs. SIU 2012-13/senior at Illinois State 2011-12/junior at Illinois State 2010-11/sophomore at Illinois State at Southeastern Community College at Lycée Le Mans Sud Personal |


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dead bird -
95 Comments
eyeslikesugar said 279 weeks ago
Good on ya though, TF :) -
eludingsun said 279 weeks ago
yes! i love it! buying, now! -
eludingsun said 279 weeks ago
it's not marroon, but it is black!
still a win! ;D -
Shmapty said 279 weeks ago
So much for the "lesson" idea, but good idea going with what the people wanted. -
Fat Possom said 279 weeks ago
done and done. -
thejakeyl88 said 279 weeks ago
ORDER IS CONFIRMED! THANK YOU TEEFURY! Third Teefury purchase for me! Refreshed the page after my comment about buying it, and there it was! AWESOME! -
peppersagooddog said 279 weeks ago
i love you, you sexy smurfs -
thejakeyl88 said 279 weeks ago
To make it more rare teefury, you should only post the dead bird in situations like this. I know you strive to make sure this NEVER happens, but sometimes things do that are out of your control. If you ever kill a design again, its time for the dead bird. I don't know but this shirt symbolizes something more... Its more than just a design to me now. :) -
eludingsun said 279 weeks ago
bought! and loved!
i still think there should be some sort of note,
perhaps on the side,
where the usually info goes,
about the 'other' shirt for today.
hmm. i wonder, if any were bought, and if they were,
are they going to be sold? -
cardinalgoldstein said 279 weeks ago
Huh. Shirt isn't very interesting, but I'm sure the story behind its appearance is. -
layne said 279 weeks ago
We will never offer the dead bird in our regularly scheduled monthly teefury tee, and hopefully we never have to bring the dead bird out again ;) -
eludingsun said 279 weeks ago
i agree with jakey,
i am so happy to buy this shirt.
i feel like it represents something more;
such as the rights to your own work,
and not to others. -
thejakeyl88 said 279 weeks ago
eludingsun, they won't print that shirt. I'm sure the order will be canceled then you will get a refund if you ordered it. I don't think they will just automatically make you get the dead bird shirt instead.
I just feel bad for anyone that bought the shirt then went to bed. -
hunger mouse said 279 weeks ago
Ha! Dead bird moment. Something about that last shirt was like ehhh, seen it b4. Guess it was for real. I wasn't really sure and I'm new here. Don't think I have that kind of clout yet... -
Outlash said 279 weeks ago
I must say, I'm sort of disappointed with today's shirt. -
eludingsun said 279 weeks ago
in short there is a story.
and it is, a shirt was made,
and it was a shirt that had already been made,
and the artist admit to taking the design from somewhere else.
the shirt was taken down,
and the dead bird is up to represent this. -
Rhowdy17 said 279 weeks ago
thank you Layne, thank you Tee Fury, you just made my night... I'm so glad I posted the suggestion. -
eludingsun said 279 weeks ago
layne, you made my night too. thank you.
will you be selling the shirt, if any,
had already been bought of the previous shirt? -
icecube said 279 weeks ago
Oh shoot... I want this shirt. X_X, but I don't know if I should spend more money. AH. -
thejakeyl88 said 279 weeks ago
This is such a fun night, so much going on here at almost 2 AM :)
Layne, I agree, if it never happens again, all the better! Now that I have this bird shirt, I feel like I'm obligated to buy every single bird shirt that ever comes out! Time to collect.
I just want to say I'm very impressed with Teefury. This place seems to cater to the customer, and Teefury listens in real time! It seems we all feel appreciated and were rewarded with the Dead Bird shirt (Also since it fit the situation) but nonetheless our voices were heard and Teefury made it happen right away. I almost feel like I'm forming a relationship with Teefury. Its not just a place to spend my money, its just one big happy family ;) :) -
Rhowdy17 said 279 weeks ago
^^^ ditto ^^^ -
eludingsun said 279 weeks ago
jakey, certainly said everything i was thinking,
but much more eloquently then i would have.
i completely agree,
thanks for saying it jakey.
and to teefury,
in addition to what he said,
you are officially my new favorite site.
thank you for all your respect to artist everywhere,
this means to world to me.
hunger mouse said 279 weeks ago
How many Tee Fury members are there? -
eyeslikesugar said 279 weeks ago
Got one :D - Load More Comments


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Clean Energy View: Corporate Sustainability & Cleantech
by The Organic View in Energy
Tags: Michael H Gilbert Cleantech Sustainability Energy Strategy algae bio-feedstock
Is it possible to create a "Harmonious Society" in which there is a balance between the economy, society, and the environment? If so, what options do we have? How much regulation is actually needed? Can we successfully reduce emissions; insure the safety of workers and of the community? What measures can we take to minimize the amount of waste produced, energy consumed and better manage our most precious resources, land and water? Is there a way to create a social value with workers, the community and shareholders?
In this segment of The Clean Energy View Radio Show, host, June Stoyer talks to expert, Michael Gilbert to discuss the sustainability of cleantech. Bio: Michael H. Gilbert has over 20 years experience in Cleantech, Sustainability, and Energy Strategy. As an Independent Strategy and Business Consultant, he provides strategic advice and analysis on sustainability issues to corporations and investors. This includes companies in the following areas: algae bio-feedstock commercialization, concentrating solar power, carbon capture and air filtration, tidal energy, biomass to fuel, energy, power, biofuels, green buildings, waste management and recycling.
Mr. Gilbert worked as Vice President, Strategy and Business Development for Global Green Solutions, Inc. from 2007-2009. Prior to his tenure with Global Green Solutions, Inc., Mr. Gilbert worked for Pitney Bowes, Inc. as theManager for Futures Strategy, Corporate Strategy Department from 2005-2007 and as the Manager for Energy, Environment Health & Safety from 1998-2005. He worked for the US Environmental Protection Agency as a Manager for International Environmental Technical Assistance and as Project Manager for Hazardous Waste Remediation (Superfund).He is a licensed professional engineer (PE) and certified energy manager (CEM). Mr. Gilbert has an MBA from the University of Connecticut and an MS, Environmental Engineering from Cornell University.
Cleantech Investments and Africa: A Natural Fit
Tags: cleantech trade investment carbon africa
Cleantech investments are on the rise globally. 2010 figures are exceeding 2009 figures, according to the CleanTech Group. But how does Africa figure in this picture? Kyle Denning of Sustainable Energy Solutions says the Cleantech sector is poised for growth in Africa once a few projects prove viable. Cary Lee Peterson of Ecco2 is convinced that their project in Nigeria is one of those key projects that will open the watershed for cleantech projects on the continent. Both Peterson and Dennin
HIA-LI 5th Annual Energy & Environmental Conference
by The Organic View in Energy
Tags: David Winchester CleanTech Rocks Clean Energy LIPA and PSEG Energy Transition Long Island energy
It has almost been a year since Superstorm Sandy devastated the New York area. Now more than ever, energy has become a key focal point as well as the need for education and solutions that make sense. On today's show, David Winchester, the Chief Learning Officer of CleanTech Rocks, LLC is going to talk about the upcoming Hauppauge Industrial Association-LI's 5 Annual Energy & Environmental Conference on Friday, October 25, 2013 at Stony Brook University.
The event will focus on three areas:
to Educate and Inform Long Island Businesses About the LIPA and PSE&G Energy Transition, Introduce Student Power and CleanTech Program and allow attendees to interact, network and learn from each other. Tune in to this special segment of the Clean Energy View, as host, June Stoyer talks to David Winchester, Chief Learning Officer of Clean Tech Rocks, LLC. to discuss the upcoming event. To learn more, please visit HIA-LI.org or www.theorganicview.com. ©2013 TheOrganicView.com. All Rights Reserved.
Andrew Williams Jr & Catherine Francis - 100th Show!!
by True Nubia in Self Help
Tags: Andrew Williams Jr funding Jakzun Catherine Francis jobs
In The 1st Hour:
Conversations w/Andrew Williams Jr. - Covering the recent African Union meetings in NY & upcoming Plan of Action then talk about the upcoming cleantech expo in Los Angeles - - In The 2nd Hour: The Money, The Jobs & Opportunities w/Catherine Francis - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwOJB0ltWks - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNCLZUsw67s
Roundtable on Advanced Energy Conference, NYC April 30-May 1
by A Better World Radio in Culture
Tags: renewable energy Advanced Energy Conference consciousness sustainability technology
Wednesday, April 24, 6pm EDT:The Advanced Energy Conference will be at the Jacob Javitz Center in NYC on April 30-May 1. Today's Advanced Energy Roundtable with feature the following guests: David Winchester of Clean-Tech Rocks and Pat Malone. David Winchester is the founder and Chief Learning Officer of CleanTech Rocks, a company with the mission to stimulate the development and success of clean-tech companies and professionals. CleanTech Rocks focuses on developing innovative business and learning programs across all sectors of clean technology to provide companies and individuals with a competitive advantage. David has developed and directed the CleanTech Quickstart program to rapidly transition experienced "professionals in transition", entrepreneurs, students and executives into the CleanTech sector. Pat is the Executive Director of The Center for Corporate Education and Training and the Advanced Energy Institute in the Office of the Vice President for Economic Development at Stony Brook University.
Pat launched the Advanced Energy Training Institute as a resource for offering recognized credentials in a greening economy. Under her direction the institute was a core research partner in the federally funded green jobs study which assessed emerging, existing and transforming jobs in the clean-tech sector. Go to http://www.aertc.org for more information.
You can Listen on-line at www.abetterworld.tv Or listen by phone! 602 753-1860
#GiveStartUpsAChance Understanding StartUp Legalities
by Social Media Pearls in Entrepreneur
Tags: Gal Smolar start ups startup lawyer startup regulations Small business
Join me for this episode to learn about the legal considerations as an entrepreneur and/or startup.
Gal is a Practitioner of Foreign Law and brings to Fraser Milner Casgrain LLP (FMC) his experience as a global Corporate lawyer focusing on technology companies. Beginning his legal career in Israel, Gal moved his practice to FMC's cross-border platform in 2010. He represents individual investors and venture capital funds investing in high growth emerging companies, and acts for investors forming technology investment funds. Fluent in four languages, Gal has experience in media, cleantech and life sciences technology transactions in various jurisdictions, including Canada, US, China, Europe and the Middle East. Gal is a legal adviser for entrepreneurs, angel investors, venture capital funds and purchasers of new technologies. His areas of industry are consumer web and mobile, data analytics, SaaS, medical devices, drug delivery, energy efficiency and green chemistry.
Gal's Twitter handle @FMC_Technology
search #giverstartusachance for related episodes
Atlanta financing its energy efficient future
by Southeast Green in Environment
Tags: ben taube gacc clean tech renewable energy southeast green
Ben Taube is the President of BLT Sustainable Energy, Inc. Ben has many years of working with the public and private sector at the local, state, and federal levels. Ben has spent many years of his career working across the globe on behalf of many cleantech companies. Ben Taube also serves as a Senior Vice President for Evaporcool LLC, partner of Consensus Energy, and the current Executive Director as well as a Senior Strategic Advisor of the Southeast Energy Efficiency Alliance (SEEA) which is a
Clean Energy View: Can We Balance Economics & Environment?
by The Organic View in Energy
Tags: Michael H Gilbert Energy Independence energy conservation waste management cleantech
Is it possible to create a "Harmonious Society" in which there is a balance between the economy, society, and the environment? If so, what options do we have? How much regulation is actually needed? Can we successfully reduce emissions; insure the safety of workers and of the community? What measures can we take to minimize the amount of waste produced, energy consumed and better manage our most precious resources, land and water? Is there a way to create a social value with workers,
Focus on our Future – Creating an Innovation Hub
by Mrs Greens World in Environment
Tags: communitarian solar cleantech biotech economic development
Bruce Wright, President
Arizona Center for Innovation (AzCI), the University of Arizona, and the Office of University Research Parks
To begin with, Bruce is a thought leader, a visionary, a man of action AND a communitarian! (Don't you love that?) He helped create AzCI, a high technology business incubator that helps entrepreneurs turn their innovative ideas into successful ventures. Bruce's research interests include regional economic development, international trade and business development, and technology development and commercialization. In addition to his role as President of AzCI, Bruce also serves as an adjunct instructor in the UA Department of Geography and Regional Development. I very much look forward to learning more about AzCI's successes and plans for the future. This show sponsored by The University of Arizona.
Rob Sisson -The Green Scissors Campaign
by The Clean Energy View in Energy
Tags: Rob Sisson Clean Energy View cleantech mature tech nuclear
Each year the US government spends billions of dollars to promote old energy technologies as well as new, unproven and even risky ones. Many of these technologies are destructive to public health and to the environment. However, billions of taxpayer dollars could be saved by cutting subsidies to them. Yet, we continue to ask taxpayers to subsidize these technologies of the past or to ante up money for new harmful technologies is fiscally and environmentally reckless. The government has been do
Clean Energy View: Solar Energy's Past, Present & Future
by The Organic View in Energy
Tags: Clean Energy View Arik Ring Solar energy solar thermal electricity solar photovoltaics
Human beings have harnessed solar energy since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity and solar architecture, which can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces. Although it is one of the cleanest methods of energy, there have been a myriad of problems with solar tech. Is solar merely a lost cause or is there a lucrative future ahead? Israeli solar expert, Arik Ring thinks so! In fact, there are some emerging solar technologies that are booming! In this segment of The Clean Energy View Radio Show, host, June Stoyer talks to solar energy expert, Arik Ring about Solar Energy's Past, Present & Future. Stay tuned!
Seasoned energy expert Arik Ring M.Sc. is a solar and cleantech consultant based in Israel and is currently teaching courses on solar energy. His areas of expertise include: developing solar and clean-tech systems, creative solutions, choosing the best technologies for a site or for investment, joint ventures, feasibility studies etc. He also consults on various solar technologies CSP, PV, CPV. Arik has a wide view on a variety of energy issues and is recognized as a leading expert with exceptional contribution to developing cutting edge solar technologies and initiating solar with biofuels programs. Arik volunteers at Non Profit Organizations promoting environmental, education and wellness issues. Arik is a highly sought after speaker and chair in various conferences and has been interviewed by TV, Radio, Press and Websites, with many published scientific and popular papers.
Breaking Our Oil Addiction Live From Riverside AFV Expo
by AV Clean Cities in Energy
Tags: clean energy alternative fuel Ryder Natural Gas Green
Brad Beauchamp, CleanTech Western Regional Fleet Manager at Roush Industries, reports live from Western Riverside's "13th Advancing the Choice Alt Fuels Expo." The Advancing the Choice Expo is one of the largest events in the Inland region that provides real solutions for people to live better, healthier lives with less impact on the environment. Regional leaders and others have the opportunity to learn more about alternative fuel technologies and vehicles being used successfull
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DeBoles Angel Hair Rice Pasta Gluten Free -- 8 oz
This is very delicious!
May 23, 2013
Not so good
I tried this twice and won't buy again because it frankly doesn't taste good. Even cooked al dente, it's consistency is a bit mushy, not like other pasta and doesn't come close to being Italian in any sense of the word. But it is gluten free, so do what you may.
March 6, 2013
not bad
I, too, am fairly new to the gluten free game. Tried this pasta, expected to hate it, but it wasn't bad. Not great, but not as bad as I thought it would be. Once you put sauce on it, it tastes pretty much like regular pasta, although the texture is a bit different.
December 20, 2012
Tasted okay but went from firm to mush quickly.
I know the package says to not over cook but it was too al dente for my taste at the time given so, I gave it a few more minutes checking it ever minute and it went from firm to mushy quickly. I now know I do prefer the flavor of corn and rice blend pasta. Rice pasta is not similar to traditional spaghetti but corn/rice blend comes much more close to taste and texture in my opinion. It is the only brown rice pasta I have tasted and it did not leave me wanting more. I will try Tinkayada brand it seems to have high reviews so maybe it's just this brand. I am new to gluten free but I am learning since my husband is allergic to wheat . I don't plan to buy it again unless I can't find anything else. Not good for stir-fried noodles. Definetly don't over cook .
October 30, 2012
Use it all the time
I've tried other spaghetti that are too firm for my taste. I like this one because it isn't. I always rinse it, as recommended. I use it with olive oil and Parmesan cheese only. I don't feel stuffed afterwards.
December 16, 2011


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Designed to softly massage gums while cleaning baby's mouth.
At green sprouts® we know you want the best for your baby. That's why we make baby-friendly products for your little one to grow up healthy and happy. green spouts is a registered trademark of i play., Inc.
Place toothbrush over adult's index finger, moisten and gently massage and clean baby's mouth, gums and teeth.
Care: Sterilize before use by immersing in boiling water 2-5 minutes. After use, wash in hot water with mild soap and rinse thoroughly with clear water.
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Tuesday, October 18, 2005
Valparaiso University's Jill Dierberg (Saint Louis, Mo./Lutheran South H.S.) has been named the Mid-Continent Conference Athlete of the Week after posting a 6-2 combined record last weekend at the Windy City Invitational hosted by Chicago State.Copyright ©2014 Valparaiso University Athletics. All Rights Reserved. | www.ValpoAthletics.com |


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The Starship and the Canoeby Kenneth Brower
Synopses & ReviewsPublisher Comments:The story of a father and son who search for life's meaning in very different ways. "In the tradition of Carl Sagan and John McPhee, a bracing cerebral voyage past intergalactic hoopla and backwoods retreats."--Kirkus Reviews
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The Blog — Latin America
The Voice of Cuba's 'Generacion Y' — Ask-Her-Anything on Reddit [Updated]
Cuba is a tough place to get to know, at least if you want independent perspectives. Activists have their movement and speech restricted, media is tightly controlled, and the internet is not widely accessible. That makes an opportunity to speak with one of the foremost voices for free expression, democracy, and rule of law so valuable. So join us on Reddit for the latest in our series of activist chats as we talk with Yoani Sanchez, the blogger and well-known activist.
Movements Monday: Passport Edition
This week, #MovementsMonday takes a look at travel bans, and how authoritarian regimes are using them to scare, silence, and supress dissidents around the world. Photo: Generación Y Blog.
Twitter Lists: Who to follow in #Egypt #Tunisia #Syria #Libya #Pakistan and more…
Follow these Twitter lists created by Movements.org and others to keep up with democracy and human rights activism all over the world. Is someone important missing from of the lists created by @aym? Want to help us create a list for your country? Email us and we'll make the additions.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14820291 Brazilians Use Social Networks, Masks, and Clown Noses to Protest Corruption
Massive anti-corruption protests have taken place across Brazil this week. Brazilians are wearing clown noses to represent the "circus" that politics in Brasilia have become as well as wearing Guy Falkes masks- a popular symbol of protest.
Brazilian activists launch @mega_nao campaign protesting #ai5digital that would limit #netfreedom
Aiming to crack down on Internet crime, Brazilian congressman Eduardo Azeredo has introduced Law 84/99, which would spell out various penalties for illegal actions online. The Brazilian Institute for Consumer Defense, however, insists that the goal of this bill is much more sinister. According to the Institute, file sharing and even blogging could become punishable offenses, and Internet privacy and freedom would be compromised.Experts, as well as a petition with more than 163000 signatories, have backed this conclusion.
Can We Still Learn Lessons From the Earliest Use of Internet in a Movement?
In the 1990s, an indigenous community in Mexico's Chiapas region grew into a movement and made a claim on the Mexican government that ended up significantly altering the political system. They were able to do this, in part, because they harnessed the earliest forms of the internet to engage with international networks of support. It's really the first case of a social movement capitalizing on the increased power of communications to bring in resources that it wouldn't have been able to amass otherwise. Can we still learn from their strategies and tactics? Read more at our case study on the movement.
Mexico boasts second highest quantity of Tweets per day in Latin America Twitter's Still a Potent Force In Mexico
The Mexican newspaper Reforma reports on activists there that continue to harness social media to their advantage - focusing especially on successes mobilizing people via Twitter hashtags. Probably the most well known example of this is the #internetnecesario campaign, which in 2009 pushed legislators into repealing an unpopular law that taxed internet use. Can digital activists, though, build on what worked in that campaign and turn these hashtag success stories into longer lasting campaigns or organizations?
Latin American Online Activism to Watch Out For
The Personal Democracy Forum conference came to an end on Friday, capping off two-days full of talks about the role of technology in Latin American politics. Around 400 activists joined with people from technology companies in the 30 story Telefonica building in Santiago, Chile, making for a great opportunity to discover some of the most innovative projects and campaigns happening throughout the region. Here are some highlights.


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As riders and online shoppers, we know it can be tough to buy a new bridle or pair of boots without trying them on. That's why we moved the fitting room to your living room (or barn)! From breeches to blankets, if you or your horse can try it on, you can return it, free! Just use the pre-paid return label included in your order within 60 days from the purchase date. And of course, please make sure the item is in like-new condition with original packaging (we said 'fitting room', not 'war room'!).
Super-Soft, lightweight, Hi-Tech fabric. Polyester/Polypropylene mix. Nylon lined shoulders. Removable neck cover with nylon mane liner. Leg arches and 3rd surcingle. Patented 'V' front closure system. Surefit™ neck design with VELCRO® Brand closures. 95% UV protection. Sizes 69 - 84. Oatmeal with Brown and Oatmeal Binding.
To find out what size blanket your horse needs, measure the distance from the center of the chest to the center of the tail and subtract 4 inches.
SmartPak customers are some of the most conscientious animal owners around. We encourage you to share your experience with the products we sell to help fellow customers to make informed choices for their animals. We do not edit these reviews in any way - they are direct customer-to-customer communication. We do monitor reviews for positive and negative feedback, and use this feedback to improve our selection as well as sharing feedback with product manufacturers to help them improve their products. Please note that we recommend consulting your vet with serious health issues.


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The Arizona State Legislature is near a vote on a bill that would require elementary school children to memorize and recite a familiar passage before school each day. The passage which comes from the Declaration of Independence says:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
Like a similar bill in New Jersey, the Arizona recitation bill has attracted controversy. But unlike the New Jersey bill, which is opposed on the charge that America's founders were racists and sexists whose ideas ought not be taught to children, opponents in Arizona object to the bill's "coercion."
We should also note here a few other differences in the Arizona bill. The Declaration recitation part is actually an amendment to a bill that would have the state Board of Education draw up guidelines for teachers to instruct their charges in morals and ethics. It also includes a provision to say the Pledge of Allegiance.
The bill, which passed in Arizona's lower house last Monday, 32-27, goes to a conference committee to reconcile the house and senate variations. A liberal contingent fears that if the bill should pass — even a watered-down version that lets students to opt out of the recitations — it will invite a rash of lawsuits. The United States Supreme Court ruled in a famous West Virginia case that the government cannot coerce students to affirm loyalty to the United States.
But the most telling remark came from one legislator who opposes the bill: "How many things are we going to ask the schools to do?" How many indeed. With all the instruction in environmentalism, multiculturalism and general self-esteem building, what teacher has the time?
Jefferson outlined what he thought should be the goals of public education in America. Among other things, it should "give every citizen the information he needs for the transaction of his own business," "improve, by reading, his morals and faculties," and teach the citizen to "know his rights; to exercise with order and justice those he retains."
How do we expect all that to happen? By magic? Love and respect for the great American experiment in free government does not appear out of thin air. It is indeed a sign of the times that the people's representatives in Arizona and New Jersey cannot seem to agree on this.
The Claremont Institute's Director of Publications, Ben Boychuk, has written a commentary on the current events in Arizona. And if you would like to learn what the Declaration says and means, visit the Claremont Institute's companion site, Founding.com.
Go to:
- Declaration Recitation?, Ben Boychuk


text:
Course descriptions are provided for available courses AND their prerequisites. View a list of courses offered during the Summer 2012 term.
Please note
This course information is derived from the Online Course Catalog, which is under development. The information may not be accurate and is provided only as a convenience. Please consult the print or PDF version of the Course Catalog for all official course information.
Second Language Acquisition
4 sem. hrs. Presents research underlying major theories of second language acquisition, considering such factors as age, role of first language, language environment, learning style, and motivation. Also includes acquisition order, error analysis, interlanguage, and discourse analysis, as well as implications for classroom practice. Involves tutoring a non-native English speaker to reflect on the process of language acquisition. Requires fieldwork.
Price, Reed.
Course details
- Course number: ML-408
- Credits: 4.00
- Academic Level: Graduate
- Currently Offered: Yes
- Course Type: Lecture
This information was taken from the Simmons College Registrar. Please report any errors or corrections to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Other Information


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Hannah Derman and Erik Bertram were married Oct. 6 in Century Baptist Church, Bismarck. Their parents are Michael and Kim Derman, Grand Forks, and Joan Bertram, Bottineau.
Hannah is employed by St. Alexius Medical Center in Bismarck. Erik is employed by the Youth Correctional Center in Mandan. They live in Bismarck.


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Online Resources - Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your health care provider. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition. This page contains links to other Internet sites with information about spine, shoulder, and pelvis disorders. We hope you find these sites helpful, but please remember we do not control or endorse the information presented on these websites, nor do these sites endorse the information contained here. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons American Chronic Pain Association American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine CDC National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Library of Medicine National Osteoporosis Foundation Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases - National Resource Center - NIH Scoliosis Research Society
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Cedar Rapids Weather
Hawkeyes Prepare to Keep Floyd of RosedaleBy Scott Dochterman, Reporter
MINNEAPOLIS, Minnesota - Minnesota Coach Jerry Kill admired Iowa counterpart Kirk Ferentz from afar at his previous coaching stops.
"I think the highest compliment I can give, I think, I was at Southern Illinois and I sent our staff there to see how they practice," Kill said. "Because if you put their film on, technically, they're as good as anybody in college football. Hand placement, moving their feet, not making mental errors, they don't beat themselves and they play physical, downhill football. So that's really what we'd like to be, but they certainly put it on us last year physically. So hopefully we've done our summer work and gotten stronger and better. We'll find out." Ferentz has his own admiration of a Kill-coached team when he was scouting Iowa State in 2010. Kill then coached at Northern Illinois, who opened that year with a 27-10 loss at Jack Trice Stadium. "I remember watching that film and seeing a very impressive Northern Illinois team and then X amount of years later, whatever it's been, four or five, it looks like the same thing," Ferentz said. "Different uniforms, obviously, but they look like a good football team." Iowa and Minnesota rely heavily on the running game, physical play in the trenches and avoiding penalties. Among Big Ten schools, Minnesota ranks third in rushing, while Iowa is sixth. Iowa, however, leads the league in time of possession, while Minnesota leads the nation in red-zone rushing touchdowns with 14. "I know that this is the way the game of football, I think, two programs have two similar philosophies on what they're trying to do," Kill said. "We may do it a little bit differently but it certainly will be an old-fashioned football game, and I like that. That's good for football." - See more at: http://thegazette.com/2013/09/24/iowa-notes-ferentz-kill-share-kinship/#sthash.Q4w20Yej.dpuf Conversation GuidelinesBe KindDon't use abusive, offensive, threatening, racist, vulgar or sexually-oriented language. Share KnowledgeBe truthful. Share what you know and what you are passionate about. Stay focusedPromote lively and healthy debate. Stay on topic. Ask questions and give feedback on the story's topic. Report TroubleHelp us maintain a quality comment section by reporting comments that are offensive. If you see a comment that is offensive, or you feel violates our guidelines, simply click on the "x" to the far right of the comment to report it. read the full guidelines here » Commenting will be disabled on stories dealing with the following subject matter: Crime, sexual abuse, property fires, automobile accidents, Amber Alerts, Operation Quickfinds and suicides. |
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