text:
I found this commercial very affirming. Also, the original Star Trek was better than all those derivative new versions.
(via io9.)
May 07 2013
I found this commercial very affirming. Also, the original Star Trek was better than all those derivative new versions.
(via io9.)
The newer series, though some episodes, characters and ideas here and there were good, were often too pretentious and taken too seriously. Also a pet peeve – didn't like the idea of Klingons and humans as buddies. Also though the new Klingon makeup looked way too cartoonish and cheesy.
TNG is vastly superior to TOS.
In your opinion — but it at least wasn't a soap opera set in space.
(Also, Wesley Crusher)
As my pappy always said " old age and treachery will always overcome youth and skill"
Wow, that was great. I really liked the part where Dr. Bell used the force on Sylar. Good find.
John Morales, you've missed a meme. Mash up as horribly as you can in as few words as you can (mostly an image.) "Use the force, Harry", said Gandalf as a Dalek chased him onto the Enterprise. Except this was smarter because it used the actors' alternative characters.
Also, the original Star Trek was better than all those derivative new versions.
Ahem, those are fighting words. (tng clearly the best)
But Spock (Nimoy) is hands down the finest Star Trek character of any series/film in the genre!
Oh gods, TNG was like a combination trust exercise/consciousness-raising session. At the end of every episode, they stand in a circle, hold hands, and sing "I'd like to buy the world a Coke."
And somebody get Riker a neck brace.
Nimby singing Bilbo Baggins was great. Way to take back something that must have been an embarrassment for years. Also, neck pinch FTW.
John Morales
From your link, I'd say that it's the Nehru collar …
they don't even mention Potsie
The Star Trek rewind of '09 was an assault on my ears and had nothing of what made the original series worthwhile. It was all third-season action-adventure schlock and was rather thin in what we need at least as much as we needed in the '60s and '70s: an idea of a better future. I'm not keen on seeing the next movie; I'll await reviews.
I agree with otrame, the Bilbo Baggins song was the biggest win in that ad.
I hope I'm not stepping into too much to suggest that my favorite Star Trek series is Deep Space Nine, with its complex characters and multiple-episode story arcs. Yeah, I know it is far friendlier to religion than the others, but I don't judge art on the degree to which I agree with its philosophy.
My favorite character on any Trek series is Elim Garak, a recurring character on Deep Space Nine portrayed by Andrew Robinson.
Yey the Ballad of Bilbo Baggins!
Pity they didn't find a way to get in a reference to the dancers doing squirrel impressions (or whatever it was they were doing) but I suppose they had to draw the line somewhere:
@Ben 21
Bashir: "Tell me, Garak, are the stories they tell about you true, or is it all just lies?"
Garak: "They're all true. Especially the lies."
DS9 was my favorite, too, but I'm a sucker for a show with loads and loads of characters and fake guest stars.
TOS was awesome, but hardly as perfect as people make it out to be. I personally prefer TNG and DS9 (although DS9 fell apart in the seventh season).
But Babylon 5 is better than all of them.
@14> Frakes grew the beard on his own during the off season. Gene liked it so they kept it.
TOS was awesome, but hardly as perfect as people make it out to be.
But you miss the point. Its obvious imperfection is part and parcel of its awesomeness!
I personally prefer TNG and DS9
*shakes grey old head slowly*
btw, did you notice that the actual information content of the ad was that the Audi rich-guy's-car has a bigger trunk and more hydraulic gadgets than the Benz rich-guy's-car? I think that shows admirable restraint.
Surely these people who suggest TNG or DS9 are the best Star Trek series are just here to shore up controversy. Noone could possibly be so deluded.
*goes back to strumming Britney Spears songs*
Yeah, I know it is far friendlier to religion than the others
Enterprise has an episode that pretty much punches religion in the face.
TOS was awesome, but hardly as perfect as people make it out to be.
Toward the end they simply ran out of ideas, and it was just "space beauty of the week" anymore.
Bashir: "Tell me, Garak, are the stories they tell about you true, or is it all just lies?"
Garak: "They're all true. Especially the lies."
Ha! I like that! :-)
I'm not sure I buy the "DS9 is friendlier towards religion" idea. Sisco punched a god in the face after all and the gods the Bajorans worshiped were aliens (albeit powerful aliens).
Which series was best is a matter of personal preference. TOS had its faults as well. TNG was better IMHO for several reasons.
1) Data
2) Borg
4) Klingons
5) 7 seasons
6) No Shatner
7) No Kirk shagging alien women in half the episodes
6) No Shatner
7) No Kirk shagging alien women in half the episodes
A venn diagram may be in order. Your 6) kind of implies 7) already.
Btw, I found the Klingon episodes in TNG some of the worst and most tedious.
1) Data
2) Borg
OK, that was cool.
Please; the stupidest thing ever, a permanent get-out-of-jail-free-deus-ex-machina bullshit all-purpose plot device. Fuck Q and the Continuum he manifested in from or whatever.
4) Klingons
What? Star Trek had Klingons. Nasty, russky-type Klingons who were fucking assholes in every way and that's all you had to know.
5) 7 seasons
That's a good thing?
5.5) tedium
6) No Shatner
you really preferred Baldo? Really?
7) No Kirk shagging alien women in half the episodes
*shrug* It's of its time. And it's lonely at the top.
I've got an original poster for Star Trek the Motion Picture. Tag line: The human adventure is just beginning. Haven't seen anything human from the Star Trek franchise in many years.
I won't say TNG is better than TOS, but I will say that I watch TNG obsessively to this day and can't sit through a single episode of TOS. I think it's a generational thing; TNG started airing when I was 2, and had a direct impact on my personal development, while TOS is just too of-its-time for me I suppose. However…
1) Data is an awesome, nuanced character, and the vastly-superior android on an endless quest for humanity is a concept with a lot of narrative potential.
2) Yes, yes it was. No argument there. Best of Both Worlds is, in my entirely subjective opinion, the best of all Trek.
4) Klingons were portrayed in TOS as mustache-twirling antagonists. They were portrayed in TNG as people. Yes, their warrior culture is still cartoonish in many ways, but at least they had a measure of nuance. And TNG spent a lot of time exploring that culture. In addition, I think it's absolutely in keeping with the ethos of Star Trek that the Federation could forge an alliance with their former arch-nemeses.
5) The best seasons of TNG were seasons 3 through 6. So yes, in these specific circumstances, it's a good thing.
6) Picard was actually a captain. Kirk was a cowboy. I've got love for Kirk, but Picard was a better officer, and more interesting character, by far.
7) I'm assuming you're at least half-joking.
I don't want to argue TNG vs TOS or anything. As far as I'm concerned, the Star Trek I love owes its existence to Kirk and company. All that matters is that Star Trek is awesome.
A. Balfour:
The Star Trek we know and love owes its existence to Gene Roddenberry and his perseverance against all odds. TOS and TNG were his babies, from the the original pilot (The Cage) to Season 5 of TNG. He is the Creator of all Trek!
ALL of the Treks were 90% crap and 10% decent sci-fi. DS9 as the best of the lot upped the percentage to, maybe, 15%.
B5 was good, but hasn't aged well. Better than TNG, but still not well.
Farscape though. For alien of the week space opera, Farscape was the frelling mezonks!
But the more important point in regards to this commercial is that it is highly illogical. Infiniti M56x is the obvious choice of any right thinking sentient being who wants a sporty AWD executive saloon. 20 grand cheaper than the Audi or Merc, better looking, all engine and ATTESA E-TS for the win! The fact that you can't fit a full size golf sack in its trunk is a selling point as far as I'm concerned. If I need to store a few dead bodies I'll steal a 7-series BMW 'cause I sure as hell ain't ever golfing.
This was the highlight of my day. I live a sad, lonely life. All things Trek are gold (except maybe Voyager. That shit was pretty dire).
Spock was my first crush. Those ears! That voice! The logic! *swoon*
I don't want to argue TNG vs TOS or anything.
You could have fooled me.
kidding. Of course it's all in good fun, and of course it's largely generational, as you say.
Me, I was one week shy of 7 years old when I watched the premiere episode, in primetime, in black-&-white (our TV, not, obviously, the program), and me and Billy Hardy spent the whole next day arguing about how to draw the spaceship right.
…and my autographed Spock photo ("Logically, Leonard Nimoy") hangs on my office wall to this day.
Full disclosure.
Star Trek is like beer. TOS is a fucking fantastic beer. TNG is less fantastic, but its still beer. Voyager was STILL BEER. I like beer. I want more beer.
Also, just got done grading for the semester, and tomorrow I begin preparing for a field trip. So guess what happens tonight?
Star Trek.
And Beer.
I kinda like that comparison. Like most beers, I find I prefer the smaller view to the larger. There are episodes, or sometimes merely scenes within them, of each series which I enjoy, but to extend that to saying that I like all of a series or prefer it to another is as strange as saying that I like Bocks better than IPAs.
just got done grading for the semester
ENVY! That's my favorite day of the year: Spring semester grades in.
But I don't even give finals until next week and I even have one next fuckin Friday.
Still, there's beer.
I had a strangely front loaded semester. Lots of homework, pain in the ass lectures (did the whiteboard type lecture for pop gen–ashamed to say, first time ever), but not a lot of grading in the end. I didn't expect this. Regardless of what you're doing, I named this beer *gestures* "Chazzy" and I'll drink it in your name. For you.
I'm not keen on seeing the next movie
well, they're about to ruin the best Star Trek character ever created (Khan), so that's pretty much my opinion as well. And they still haven't managed to remember that TOS had more than one named, recurring female character.
I think it's a generational thing
apparently I am twice as old as i thought i was.
a "millenial" who likes TOS more than TNG
People, please – let's remember who the enemy is: Jar-Jar Abrams. The 2009 film was horrendously bad; the only thing positive I can say for it is that Karl Urban was a fantastic casting choice for McCoy. Other than that – from the obnoxious product placements, the hideous redesign of the Enterprise, through the sheer idiocy of having someone fall out of a transporter beam that had started its cycle (when they were able to beam up people free-falling through the sky) and ending with a third-year problematic cadet being boosted all the way to Captain – not given a commendation or five and given his choice of assignment when he graduated normally as a Lieutenant – it was a revolting, disgusting, offensive cesspool.
I've heard that several people associated with TOS really, really hated Jar-Jar's film but are being circumspect in public about it; as I can't source what I've heard, I won't name who I've heard rumors about, or even drop hints… but even just the rumors make me feel good. ;)
As for myself, I'm a fan of most of the TV versions of Star Trek (just not fond of Enterprise – the Year of Xindi was ridiculous) and Babylon 5. There's good things in all of them. For example – if you liked the social commentary in TOS, there's an example the equal of "A Private Little War" in the DS9 two-parter "Past Tense" from Season 3.
Ok, when it comes to trek, I think that there is one thing upon which there is almost universal agreement, and it might just be the only thing.
Voyager was not the best.
Just wondering … did anybody else notice how Zach's car had all these lense-flares and Nimoy's didn't?
TOS is nice and quaint but since the series was 20 years old by then, there was no true airing schedule for the episodes I saw (often mixed with BSG, Buck Rodgers and Blake's 7).
TNG was the first Trek series I saw as they were released. And now for the flame-retardent suit … I actually liked Voyager … especially the concept of the first seasons where the Federation wasn't high and mighty and getting by on your wits was more important. Too bad they didn't go with the original idea of having the ship deteriorate over time. (An idea they succesfully implemented a decade later with the relaunch of another classic Sci Fi series)
Anyway … it's Trek … good fun but no ESB.
7) No Kirk shagging alien women in half the episodes
*shrug* It's of its time. And it's lonely at the top.
I'm assuming you're at least half-joking.
I was, yes, at least half, but it turns out I was exactly correct!
I was thinking about ST and remembered that at some point I had acquired a pdf scan of the original writer's guide/'bible' (third revision, April 17, 1967), and I just found where I had it squirreled away. I quote directly from the official character sketch of Captain James T. Kirk (p. 10; my emphasis):
Aboard ship, Captain Kirk has only a few opportunities for anything approaching friendship….But on a "shore leave", away from the confines of self-imposed discipline, Jim Kirk is likely to play pretty hard, almost compulsively so. It is not impossible he will let this drag him at one time or another into an unwise romantic liaison which he will have great difficulty disentangling. He is, in short, a strong man forced by the requirements of his ship and career into the often lonely role of command, even lonelier because Starship command is the most difficult and demanding task of his century.
David Marjanović: Enterprise has an episode that pretty much punches religion in the face.
Can you recall a title or even just a season to narrow it down a little?
I had to physically hold my mouth shut with my hands to keep from filling the office with boisterous laughter when Nimoy started singing.


text:
Monday, August 3rd, 2009
Photo by Janie Southard
Pat Woolery of Sidney, who's been judging at the Auglaize County Fair for many years, slices a cherry pie. Waiting for a look at that first slice are Assistant Marina Gabel, left, and Herb and Janice Warnecke of Spencerville. Janice Warnecke has dozens of blue ribbons to show for her pie expertise.
Additional pictures for this date
Weather forecast
for Tuesday:
Mostly cloudy
for Tuesday:
Mostly cloudy

subset: commoncrawl


text:
How could a good God create a world so full of death, disease, and darkness? Pain and suffering afflict even the most seemingly innocent people, and animals rip each other apart in a desperate attempt to survive. How could any rational person think a benevolent being was behind so much death and suffering?
The world wasn't always this way. Genesis tells us, "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth . . . and it was very good" (Genesis 1:1, 31). But everything changed drastically 32 verses later when Adam and Eve's rebellious act against God brought sin into the world. The once "very good" world that God created became torn and broken as sin marred the perfection that once was.
The July–September issue of Answers magazine highlights the affects of sin on this fallen universe, with consequences ranging from predators to prey, from spiritual to physical. But even in a world marred by corruption, we are not without hope.
An Inside Look
Here is a preview of some of the compelling content you'll find in this important issue:
- "Lessons From the Fall"—In this overview of Genesis 3, Dr. W. Gary Phillips explores how evil came into the world, using God's account of the fall as his basis. He also discusses four lessons evident from mankind's sin and why it makes a difference in our lives.
- "Good Designs Gone Bad"—If God made a perfect world, where did diseases come from? By taking a close look at some common microbes, Dr. Joe Francis reveals possible hints to their original purpose.
- "Designed to Kill in a Fallen World"—Rick Oliver outlines the overwhelming evidence of design through the large variety found within the world of snakes.
- "Divinely Designed Defenses"—Gordon Wilson takes the reader on a whirlwind tour of the prey's defenses against the predator. From chemicals to coloring, God's care for the seemingly helpless reveals His love—even for a fallen creation.
- "Why do God's Children Suffer?"—In this moving article, Joni Eareckson Tada shares her life's story as a quadriplegic. Through the pain and calamities in life, God's control comes through in all circumstances—even ones that seem overwhelming—for His good purposes.
- "Demons on a Leash"—Exploring the spiritual ramifications of the fallen world, C. Fred Dickason asserts the reality of demons and how to defend ourselves as Christians in the spiritual war raging all around us.
- "The Most Horrific Graveyard in the World"—Ken Ham compares the fossil record to the biblical account. After exploring the catastrophic events that formed the fossil record, he leads the reader to the New Testament Ark—the Lord Jesus Christ.
- "The Splendor of Thorns"—Thorns are truly an ugly blotch on God's beautiful creation and a reminder of judgment. But even man's sin, and the subsequent curse of thorns, was not outside of God's plan. Jud Davis follows the trail of thorns that God weaved throughout the history of salvation.
- "The Search for a Cursed Cosmos"—Astrophysicist Dr. Jason Lisle reveals how Adam's fall affected stars, galaxies, and planets. By re-examining what it means to be "bad," he shows that appearances can be deceiving.
- "Radiometric Dating: Back to Basics"—As the first in Dr. Andrew Snelling's three-part, semi-technical series concerning radiometric dating, this article explains how radiometric dating methods work—and where they don't.
- "Opportunities to Shine"—Surrounded by all this death, decay, and devastation, what can one person do to make a difference? Chances to serve are everywhere, and this article gives a few pointers to get started.
- "Stem Cell Research: Life-Saving Alternative"—The secular media often forget to mention an alternate source of stem cells, adult stem cells, which have already proven beneficial—without taking a life.
- "Quieter than a Speeding Bullet"—Dr. Don DeYoung discusses how God's design of the kingfisher bird inspired Japan's new bullet trains to reduce noise pollution and energy consumption.
Kids Answers and More
- Kids Answers—Using a colorful comic book format, this edition takes kids through the bad news of sin to the good news of the redeeming Savior.
- The informative pull-out chart lists eight effects of sin on the world, ranging from growing older to the existence of carnivores. This is useful not only as a teaching guide, but also as a reminder of what sin brought and what Christ rescues us from.
- And don't miss the great teaching articles on the Christian walk by Ray Comfort, Al Mohler, and Russell Moore in this issue.
If you don't already receive Answers magazine, subscribe today and don't miss another issue.
Help keep these daily articles coming. Support AiG.


text:
3 UGA putters over 60'
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3 UGA putters over 60'In keeping with the 4:00 barrier breakers, I notice University of Georgia had 3 male putters over 60' this weekend in the same meet. I remember U of Kansas being the first to do it back in 70's with Karl Salb (?) leading the way. Seems like UTEP, UCLA, BYU may all have done it?
Re: 3 UGA putters over 60'Texas consistently had 3 throwers (Ryan Crouser, Jacob Thormaehlen, Hayden Baillio) that all threw over 60 ft all at the same meet last yr
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text:
UMd. develops new Energy 101 curriculum
Thursday - 3/14/2013, 3:40am  ET
COLLEGE PARK, Md. (AP) -- The University of Maryland says it has developed a new Energy 101 curriculum designed to help students address the nation's energy challenges.
A pilot course called Designing a Sustainable World is already being offered this semester to 28 students majoring in a variety of areas from computer science to food science. University officials say the course will be highlighted by the Department of Energy when the federal agency unveils a national curriculum next month. Two university researchers are also working to develop similar courses at the Cecil Community College and Harford Community College.
The researchers say students in the pilot course create designs to address a critical energy or sustainability issue.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Offering information: | Pipelining from 2014 - for continuing students only. |
Offered at: | (B, G) |
Credit point(s): | .75 |
Offerings: | Trimester 2 |
EFTSL value: | 0.094 |
Unit chair: | C Maharaj |
Campus contact: | D Ollis (B), L Harrison (G) |
Prerequisite: | Nil |
Corequisite: | EEY402 or EEY501 and must be enrolled in course D347, D351 or E455 |
Incompatible with: | EEH531 |
Contact hours: | 2 hour lecture per week, 3 X 3 hour workshops |
Student wellbeing has increasingly become a central focus for schools, and currently policy frameworks state that student wellbeing is a responsibility of every classroom teacher. This unit aims to provide students with an understanding of young people and their wellbeing, contemporary policy contexts, as well as skills in developing supportive classroom strategies and practices. On completion of the unit students should be able to:
Case Study 50%
School based case study of a student wellbeing issue, developed from school based research and a literature review
Group presentation 50%
Group presentation of school based research and health promotion strategies
Unit Fee Information
Student Contribution Rate* | Student Contribution Rate** | Fee rate - Domestic Students | Fee rate - International students |
$566 | $453 | $1785 | $1901 |
* Rate for all CSP students, except for those who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
** Rate for CSP students who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
Please note: Unit fees listed do not apply to Deakin Prime students.


text:
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Description: Fibre-Craft Feathers are great for many craft projects. Use for jewelry, home decor, dolls, floral and so much more. For decorative use only. Not a toy. 3" Multi 24pc- Red, orange, yellow, green, turquoise, and royal blue. Ages 8 and up.
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text:
Air Force One Remote Control
Item #68078
Price: $22.00
Availability: Out of stock. This item is no longer available for purchase.
- Description
- Reviews
Little hands will be eager to navigate this toy Air Force One with the hand-held remote control. Happy to pretend they are flying the President of the United States to an important place, this radio controlled Air Force One is easy to maneuver on any hard surface—forward, backward, in a 360 degree circle. Youngsters will also delight in its realistic take off sound and flashing red lights. Remote control takes one 9V and two AA batteries (not included). Plastic. Choking Hazard: small parts not for children under age 3. 5.25"l. x 5.5"w. x 2"h.
Museum Provenance
Air Force One is the official call sign for any United States Air Force aircraft carrying the President of the United States. Currently, the presidential fleet includes two highly customized Boeing 747-200B series aircraft, maintained by the 89th Airlift Wing at Andrews Air Force Base. Its 4,000 square feet of floor space includes a bedroom, bathroom, workout room and office for the President; a conference room/dining room, staff office areas, and a separate area for reporters traveling with the President. In the National Museum of American History, Behring Center, virtual exhibit, The American Presidency: A Glorious Burden, all aspects of the Presidency are explored from elections, to the private life of Presidents in and out of the White House, to presidential aviation.
Every Smithsonian purchase will arrive with a museum provenance card explaining how it is adapted from or inspired by an object or objects in our collection.
View Size Chart


text: Just a quick reminder to visit my Qik page at 8pm tonight (or just press play below!) to watch the Adele concert tonight! I will be streaming live at around 7pm to make sure that there are no glitches. If there are any problems watching the live feed, please comment and I will make sure everything is up and running smoothly! See you tonight!!


text:
In addition to printing and viewing your local deals vouchers, you can now easily
manage your location, free subscriptions and credit card details.
Secure access to My Account requires a password. If you have not yet created a Travelzoo
password, we will ask you to go ahead and set one up.
New York's fashionable Upper West Side is home to some of the city's top dining and shopping establishments, as well as a renovated art deco hotel that is offering 40% off current rates.
Stay in a standard room at the Excelsior Hotel Jan. 3 - March 10 for $149 per night. Additional room types are also discounted. This deal includes a full breakfast buffet for two ($35 value).
While staying at the hotel, check out the Museum of Natural History, located next door, or take a stroll to enjoy the snow-covered trees of Central Park, which is one block away. The Beacon Theatre performance hall is also a 10-minute walk away.
Back at the hotel, hit the entertainment room, which features a library, fitness center and flat-screen televisions.


text:
Class-responsibility-collaboration card
Class Responsibility Collaboration (CRC) cards are a brainstorming tool used in the design of object-oriented software. They were originally proposed by Ward Cunningham and Kent Beck as a teaching tool,[1] but are also popular among expert designers[2] and recommended by extreme programming supporters.[3] Martin Fowler has described CRC cards as a viable alternative to UML sequence diagram to design the dynamics of object interaction and collaboration.[2]
CRC cards are usually created from index cards. Members of a brainstorming session will write up one CRC card for each relevant class/object of their design. The card is partitioned into three areas:[2][1]
- on top of the card, the class name
- on the left, the responsibilities of the class
- on the right, the classes with which this class interacts to fulfill its responsibilities.
Using a small card keeps the complexity of the design at a minimum. It focuses the designer on the essentials of the class and prevents her/him from getting into its details and inner workings at a time when such detail is probably counter-productive. It also forces the designer to refrain from giving the class too many responsibilities. Because the cards are portable, they can easily be laid out on a table and re-arranged while discussing a design with other people.
See also[edit]
- ^ a b Beck, Kent; Cunningham, Ward (feb 2012), "A laboratory for teaching object oriented thinking", ACM SIGPLAN Notices (india, NY, USA: Abg) 24 (10): 1–6, doi:10.1145/74878.74879, ISBN 0-89791-333-7
- ^ a b c Martin Fowler, UML Distilled, chapter 4
- ^ A concise introduction at extremeprogramming.org
External links[edit]
- A Laboratory For Teaching Object-Oriented Thinking paper by Kent Beck and Ward Cunningham
- A CRC Description of HotDraw
- A concise introduction at extremeprogramming.org
- Using CRC Cards


text:
Trade secret law gives the owner of important commercial information the right to keep others from usingit. Here's what business owners need to know to protect trade secrets and maintain a competitiveedge.
What is a trade secret?
In most states, a trade secret may consist of any formula, pattern, physical device, idea, process,compilation of information, or other information that is both of the following:
Some examples of potential trade secrets are a formula for a sports drink, survey methods used byprofessional pollsters, recipes, a new invention for which a patent application has not yet been filed,marketing strategies, manufacturing techniques, and computer algorithms. Unlike other forms of intellectualproperty such as patents, copyrights, or trademarks, trade secrecy is basically a do-it-yourself form ofprotection. You don't register with the government to secure your trade secret; you simply keep theinformation confidential. Trade secret protection lasts for as long as the secret is kept confidential. Once atrade secret is made available to the public, trade secret protection ends.
How do businesses put trade secrets to use?
Trade secrets often protect valuable technical information that cannot be sheltered under other forms ofintellectual property law, such as the formula for Coca-Cola. Trade secrets may also do the following:
What rights does the owner of a trade secret have?
A trade secret owner can prevent the following groups of people from copying, using, and benefiting fromits trade secrets or disclosing them to others without permission:
There is one group of people that cannot be stopped from using information protected under trade secretlaw. These are people who discover the secret independently -- that is, without using illegal means orviolating agreements or state laws. For example, it is not a violation of trade secret law to analyze (or"reverse engineer") any lawfully obtained product and determine its trade secret.
XCEL glue is made of a formula protected by trade secret. Phil, a chemist, analyzes the contents of XCEL glue, determines its composition, and re-creates the formula. Phil can legally use this information to make and sell his own glue.
How can a business protect its trade secrets?
By now it should be clear that simply calling information a trade secret will not make it so. A businessmust behave in a way that proves its desire to keep the information secret. Some companiesgo to extreme lengths -- for example, the formula for Coca-Cola (perhaps the world's most famous tradesecret) is kept locked in a bank vault in Atlanta, which can be opened only by a resolution of theCoca-Cola Co.'s board of directors. Only two Coca-Cola employees ever know the formula at thesame time; their identities are never disclosed to the public, and they are not allowed to fly on the sameairplane.
Fortunately, such extraordinary trade secrecy protection measures are seldom necessary. Although youshould take reasonable precautions to protect any information you regard as a trade secret, you don't haveto turn your office into an armed camp to do so. Sensible precautions include, for example, markingdocuments containing trade secrets "confidential," locking away trade secret materials after businesshours, maintaining computer security, and limiting access to secrets to people with a reasonable need toknow.
But again, the best way to establish and protect trade secrets is through the use of nondisclosureagreements. This is because courts have repeatedly reiterated that the use of nondisclosure agreements isthe most important way to maintain the secrecy of confidential information. Or put another way, withoutnondisclosure agreements, the odds go up that information you consider to be extremely valuable to yourbusiness will be deemed to have no legal protection.
How can a business enforce its rights if someone steals or improperly disclosesconfidential information?
Every state has enacted a law prohibiting theft or disclosure of trade secrets. Most of these laws arederived from the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA), a model law drafted by legal scholars. A listing ofstates that have adopted some version of the UTSA is provided at the end of this article.
A trade secret owner can enforce rights against someone who steals confidential information by asking acourt to issue an order (an injunction) preventing further disclosure. For example, if Company A learnsthat an employee has e-mailed trade secrets to Company B, Company A can obtain a court order preventinguse of the secrets by Company B. A trade secret owner can also collect damages for any economic injurysuffered as a result of the trade secret's improper acquisition and use. Here are some common examples ofincidents that lead to trade secret lawsuits:
To prevail in a trade secret infringement suit, a trade secret owner must show that the information allegedto be confidential really is a trade secret -- and again, a confidentiality agreement is usually the best wayto do this. In addition, the trademark owner must show that the information was either improperly acquiredby the defendant (if the defendant is accused of making commercial use of the secret) or improperlydisclosed -- or likely to be so -- by the defendant (if the defendant is accused of leaking the information).
The "Inevitable Disclosure" Doctrine
A company may prevent a former employee from working for a competitor if the company can demonstrate that employment with the competitor will inevitably lead to disclosure of trade secrets. In a 1995 case, PepsiCo successfully argued that a former executive could not work as CEO of Gatorade/Snapple because the executive could not help but rely on PepsiCo's trade secrets as he plotted Gatorade and Snapple's new course, giving the competitor an unfair advantage over PepsiCo. Some states have rejected the inevitable disclosure doctrine because it challenges an employee's basic freedom to switch employers. In one case, for example, a court refused to apply the doctrine unless there was additional showing of bad faith, underhanded dealing, or employment by a competitor lacking comparable technology.
Is stealing trade secrets a crime?
Intentional theft of trade secrets can constitute a crime under both federal and state law. The mostsignificant federal law dealing with trade secret theft is the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (EEA) (18U.S.C., Sections 1831 to 1839). The act gives the U.S. Attorney General sweeping powers to prosecuteany person or company involved in trade secret misappropriation.
The EEA punishes intentional stealing, copying, or receiving of trade secrets "related to or included in aproduct that is produced for or placed in interstate commerce." (18 U.S.C. 1832.) Penalties for violationsare severe: Individuals may be fined up to $500,000 and corporations up to $5 million. A violator mayalso be sent to prison for up to 10 years. If the theft is performed on behalf of a foreign government oragent, the corporate fines can double and jail time may increase to 15 years. (18 U.S.C. 1831.) In addition,the property used and proceeds derived from the theft can be seized and sold by the government. (18U.S.C. 1831, 1834.)
The EEA applies not only to thefts that occur within the United States but also to conduct outside the U.S.if the thief is a U.S. citizen or corporation, or if any act in furtherance of the offense occurred in the U.S.(18 U.S.C. 1838.) The EEA is a federal criminal statute and is enforced by the United States Attorneys'offices located throughout the country.
Several states have also enacted laws making trade secret infringement a crime. For example, inCalifornia it is a crime to acquire, disclose, or use trade secrets without authorization. Violators may befined up to $5,000, sentenced to up to one year in jail, or both. (Cal. Penal Code Section 499c.)
Copyright © 2000 Nolo.com Inc.
Related resources at inc.com:
Loose Lips Sink You
Noncompete Agreements Protect Valuable Assets


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FLIR Systems, Inc. announced that Cathy Stauffer and Catherine A. Halligan have been elected to its Board of Directors, effective immediately. The addition of Stauffer
The Columbia/Snake River System defines shortsea shipping, and promises much, much more. Lewiston, Idaho, is perhaps best known to tourists as the turnaround
Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS) has performed survey of the forged blanks of a new generation RITM-200 reactor vessel for the lead dual draft nuclear icebreaker Arktika (project 22220).
IMTRA, a manufacturer and importer of quality marine products, announced today its Side-Power SH1000 thruster system has been installed on the fourth hull of the 114-foot U.
HS Ocean Group (HSOG ) celebrates National Apprenticeship Week by committing to long-term Apprenticeship program. The marine services specialist HSOG has launched
The Honorable Antonin Scalia, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, is scheduled to speak at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy March 18, as the 2014 Hedrick Fellow.


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Set opposite the village green in the heart of Lyddington, the Old White Hart offers a personal, attentive welcome. The accommodation is set in converted cottages situated alongside the public house. ...
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Located at the crossroads at the centre of the award-winning village of Skillington, and very popular with the local community, this traditional inn offers three modern, well-equipped bedrooms that ar...
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2 years ago on November 12, 2011 at 11:55pm
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Range Description
This species has a wide distribution that stretches east from the Manique River in Beni, Bolivia, and north into Brazil where Ferrari et al. (2000) confirmed the presence of titis with a greyish pleage in southern Rondônia. It is possible that its range extends as far north as the Serra dos Pacaás Novos. It is found in Bolivia south to the forests around the city of Santa Cruz.


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Attention In Washington Shifts To Syria And Chemical Weapons
The Obama administration has acknowledged that chemical weapons have been used in the war in Syria. That assessment has unleashed a wave of criticism of the president's handling of the Syrian situation.
Copyright © 2013 NPR. For personal, noncommercial use only. See Terms of Use. For other uses, prior permission required.
It's MORNING EDITION, from NPR News. I'm Renee Montagne.
And I'm Steve Inskeep. Good morning.
Years ago, President Obama famously called the U.S. invasion of Iraq a dumb war, a controversial conflict launched over fears of weapons of mass destruction that turned out to be untrue.
MONTAGNE: That history makes the situation in Syria especially awkward for the U.S. President Obama warned of action against Syria's government if it used weapons of mass destruction. He called it a red line.
INSKEEP: And the U.S. has now acknowledged evidence that Syria did, in fact, use chemical weapons in its civil war, which leaves a question that we'll put to Cokie Roberts, who joins us most Mondays for analysis. Cokie, good morning.
COKIE ROBERTS, BYLINE: Hi, Steve.
INSKEEP: The question is very simple: Now what?
ROBERTS: Well, now what, indeed. The president is very hesitant to do anything, and the Iraq example is stark before him. Also, there's no evidence that even if chemical weapons were used, that it was widespread. The Obama administration says there's no, quote, "chain of evidence" on this question. But there is this sense that the whole world is watching, and if you just let it go, it could be a major disaster.
Here's Senator Lindsey Graham on CBS.
SENATOR LINDSEY GRAHAM: There's nothing you can do in Syria without risk. But the greatest risk is a failed state with chemical weapons falling into the hands of radical Islamists, and they're pouring into Syria. The longer this goes, the more likely you'll have a failed state and all hell's going to break loose in the region. It's a disaster for the region. It's going to be a disaster for the world.
ROBERTS: Adding that classified information strengthens the evidence of chemical weapons used, House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Rogers said yesterday that the red line that President Obama drew cannot be a dotted line. And it's not just the Republicans criticizing the president here, Steve. A former member of the Obama administration, Anne-Marie Slaughter, had a scathing op-ed in The Washington Post yesterday.
There's a real worry on the part of foreign policy advisers that if the president does nothing here, it sends an awful message to Iran and North Korea. I mean, it's the classic parental warning: You know, if you do X, Y will happen. And then Y has to happen.
INSKEEP: Well, Anne-Marie Slaughter has talked a lot about the responsibility to protect, this whole notion that maybe we have more humanitarian responsibilities in the world than we think. There are strategic interests here. But what would the president's critics have him do? Do they want to send in troops? What do they want to do?
ROBERTS: No, although Democratic Senator Claire McCaskill says you don't want to rule that out. The term of art at the moment is: No boots on the ground. But there's some talk of bombing airbases, creating safe havens in the country with no-fly zones. Look, this is all very hard, and nobody really knows what to do - which is why the administration, of course, is hesitating.
There's hope that Russia would lean on Assad to decamp. Members are talking about giving the right weapons to the right people, but they have no idea who that is and how to do that. But there is this sense that not doing anything and allowing the slaughter of tens of thousands of Syrians could ignite the Muslim world, destabilize Jordan and Lebanon. So, you know, the fear is that doing nothing is worse than doing something.
INSKEEP: We're talking - as we do most Mondays - with Cokie Roberts, working through some of the week's news.
And, Cokie, we found out an answer to a question in the last few days. The question was: What do you need to do to get Congress to get together and act? And I guess the answer is: have annoyed travelers at airports who are affected by federal budget cuts. Then Congress will act.
ROBERTS: Indeed, and act very quickly. In Washington airports last week, there was just strong lobbying going on at the gates from the people who are staffing the gates, saying if you don't like these waits, call your member of Congress. And Congress act very quickly to make sure that air traffic controllers are fully ramped up, and that sequestration does not affect them.
First it was meat inspectors, now air traffic controllers. I think you're going to see a lot of lobbying going on for lots of other things. But I suspect that the 70,000 kids who will be cut out of Head Start don't have a very strong lobbying force.
INSKEEP: Well, let's talk about that. We've just got a few seconds. Are there more things Congress could do to ease the pain, here?
ROBERTS: Well, sure. And you're going to hear cancer researchers are very much on the case. Some set of teachers are trying to lobby. And you'll, you know, the loudest voices will be heard, and will get their exceptions. But the real question is whether they can come up with something much more sensible than the sequestration to begin with, and that is what some are still working on, but don't hold your breath.
INSKEEP: OK. Thanks very much, as always. That's Cokie Roberts, who joins us most Mondays.
Copyright © 2013 NPR. All rights reserved. No quotes from the materials contained herein may be used in any media without attribution to NPR. This transcript is provided for personal, noncommercial use only, pursuant to our Terms of Use. Any other use requires NPR's prior permission. Visit our permissions page for further information.
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Home | Register | iTrader | Members List | Calendar | Search | Today's Posts | Mark Forums Read | Store | Photo Gallery | Chat |
Politics, Government, or Religion Chat Bring your flamesuit! |
Thread Tools |
May 18th, 2010, 05:21 PM | #1 |
Senior Member
Thanks Michigan Court of Appeals.
62% jump in "homeless" sex offenders. I am totally disgusted by this stupidity. http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapi...eless_sex.html
Associate Membership Secretary/Membership Secretary Great Lakes Four Wheel Drive Association Support The Sport! We must all go through a rite of passage and it must be physical, it must be painful, and it must leave a mark.
Last edited by MusKegon_ZJ_gurl; May 18th, 2010 at 05:41 PM. Reason: . |
May 18th, 2010, 06:28 PM | #2 |
Senior Member
I heard an interesting bit on the radio today.
Convicted sex offenders that have served their time and could be released...... now the government or some part of it has come up with this idea that if they(government) determine that the offender could offend when he is released, that he could be held indefinetly because of a crime he may commit. I would say hold em, but were does it stop? If they can do this with sexual preditors then what about criminals in general, serve their time and because they may commit crimes when they are released and they are held just because the corrections deptment has the ability and the right to do so. Where does justice begin and where does the government go too far? |
May 18th, 2010, 09:02 PM | #3 | |
Support the Sport!
May 19th, 2010, 02:45 AM | #5 |
Grumpy old man.
I don't want to defend sex offenders, but I'm not sure what you expect homeless sex offenders to do. Lie about being homeless? Give fake addresses?
This really changes nothing. If a sex offenders homeless, he's homeless. If he lies about where he's staying, claiming a false address or claiming to be homeless when he isn't he has violated the law. |
May 19th, 2010, 03:43 AM | #6 |
Build by MetroFab!
Even the sex offenders cannot stay at the missions in GR since they are sex offenders and the mission is across the street from a Catholic School filled with little girls wearing, tall socks, short skirts and white T-shirts.......drool if they were only 18!!!
Thread Tools | |


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U.S. Soccer Festival Scores from Houston, Texas
July 29, 2003
The following is a list of scores for the U.S. Soccer Festival being held in Houston, Texas. The U.S. Under-20 Men's National Team and the U.S. Under-17 Women's National Team are both participating, as well as youth international teams from around the region and USASA regional teams. Scores are updated as they are received by ussoccer.com.


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Looking from the back of the enclosure for Launch Pad 3 towards the entrance showing the long tower (boom) for the 20K MRL launcher. Image is 31% size of original.
Image by Nick Strobel. Please ask for permission if you want to use this image in any sort of electronic or hardcopy publication.


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Garnet Healing Gem Necklace, Garnet/Gold 1 ea
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A drop of color falls effortlessly at just the right length, framed in a hand-hammered setting. The real gemstone radiates positive energy, so you'll shine from the inside and the outside... This is a truly unique necklace you'll love to layer, and wear again and again! Card Message: Garnet is a stone of passion, energy and good health. |
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1-10 of 42 properties with a garden to rent found
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4 bedroom flat to rent Appach Road, Brixton, SW2
Excellent four bedroom newly refurbished house on the sought after Appach. Property comprises of 4 doubles open plan kitchen and reception downstairs with laminate flooring through-out, brand new fitted kitchen with garden access and tiled flooring and t More details ›
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4 bedroom house to rent Rush Common Mews, Brixton
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5 bedroom semi-detached house to rent Kingsmead Road, Tulse Hill
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4 bedroom terraced house to rent Brading Road, SW2
A truly stunning larger than average house located on a quiet residential road. The property benefits from a private garden, an eat in kitchen, four double bedrooms and retains many of the original period features. Ideal for professional sharers or a family. More details ›
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4 bedroom end of terrace house to rent Claverdale Road, Brixton, SW2
LEONARD LEESE are pleased to market this lovely four double bedroom end of terrace period house situated on Claverdale Road Brixton SW2. The property comprises four large double bedrooms, a spacious living room, a large eat-in kitchen with a separate dining area, a modern family bathroom and a su... More details ›
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4 bedroom terraced house to rent Holmewood Gardens, London, SW2
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4 bedroom house to rent Appach Road, London, SW2
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I had a very bad experience . I got my ticekts by internet and I was amazed by the name of the area "cazuela de a pie" or something like that. It was the only area for Read More
Brazil has a reputation around the world for nightlife. While Rio is excellent; it doesn't have that Ibiza/Mykonos/Barcelona vibe with a bar on every corner. Buzios on the Read More
Hands-down, this was my favorite bar in Vina del Mar and probably Valparaiso, for me and my friends at least. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion I suppose, but Read More
User Rating 5 of 5 stars
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Guayaquil's nightlife is very exciting, with its large selection of bars, discos, and peñas displayed throughout the whole city. The following nightclubs listed Read More
As a big city, Guayaquil offers nonstop gambling areas all over town. Just go to the TOP-five hotels and they have casino and gambling areas as well.We took a tour to Read More
The beach comes alive at night, with all the bars playing reggae music, which goes on late into the night. The bars are all very close together, making it easy to walk Read More
Have you been to this South America attraction? Tell other travelers what to expect. Submit a review today!
For the ultimate in dance celebrations, the ever-popular Mama Afrika is my top pick. Boasting the best crowds and lasting until the latest hours, you can sit on comfy, Read More


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Daily Debrief: Interplanetary Internet a possibility Video
Daily Debrief: Interplanetary Internet a possibility Video Transcript
[ Music ] ^M00:00:04
>> Welcome to the Daily Debrief. I'm CNET's Kara Tsuboi, here with CNET News Webware.com editor, Rafe Needleman. And this is the stuff out of a science fiction novel, truly.
>> It is.
>> We're talking about Internet networking in outer space.
>> Yeah, well if you're going to space, you need the Internet, right?
>> Obviously. Gotta do some online shopping.
>> Actually what is happening here is more important than that. It's about building a reliable, scalable, easy to develop for platform that the spacecraft can use to transmit their scientific and other data back and forth.
>> Why can't we just use the model that we use on earth up in space? Why won't that work?
>> Well, the space -- the earth model is -- assumes a pretty robust fabric of connected nodes.
>> Right.
>> Where you have a device at one end sending to -- information to a device at the other end, and the both the nodes are kind of responsible for the communication. And the ones in the middle, while the Internet is very smarty and routes data around, are not very robust if you don't have an end-to-end connection.
>> Sure.
>> As the people I talked to at NASA said about this, packets drop on the floor. If there's no straight path, if there's no path at all between point A and point B, the communication just doesn't happen. And in space, where you've got satellites and orbiters and things picking up data and just transmitting a lot of scientific data, maybe without the storage to hold it all, they can't have that.
>> Sure.
>> So what NASA is doing -- and this is a part of a long, ten-year process -- is they're building something called the "Disruption Tolerant Network," or DTN, which assumes a different type of fabric of intermediate relay stations or routers. And what they do is they're storing forward. They take data in and they hang on to it until they know they have a solid connection to the next step, and then they transmit it.
>> And I imagine it has something to do with the distance, the big distances in space between these nodes that are connecting.
>> It has to do with both distance and orbital mechanics. It is --
>> Oh, that.
>> It -- well, first of all, I mean your right. I mean it takes a long time. It can take minutes or hours for information to get from point A to anywhere else because you're transmitting over, you know, light hours or light minutes.
>> Yeah.
>> But also everything's moving. So the communications have to be scheduled because the antennas have to point at each other. And all the devices have to be aware of where their receivers are, and what can go wrong. And what happens is when a receiver then picks up this data, it sends a node back, and the sender of it -- you know, in this hop of, this chain of communications -- doesn't release custody of the data until it knows it's been transmitted successfully. So what you have is a fabric. What NASA's building is a network of disruption tolerant, fault tolerant, lag tolerant intermediates that can kind of guarantee the transmission of data from point A to point B, which the Internet, while it actually works in practice, doesn't do that in theory. It's not --
>> You don't get that guarantee.
>> No, you don't.
>> Right. Absolutely. So they're building this fabric on the ground right now, but when do we actually get to take it to space and test it and see if works.
>> Well, they just did test it.
>> Oh, good. Okay.
>> Now, they just finished the test. The spacecraft called EPOXI, which is an acronym of acronyms, E-P-O-X-I --
>> Okay.
>> That was the spaceship that dropped the deep impact probe off to smash into the comet in 2005.
>> Mm-hmm.
>> It's looping back around to shoot back to the comet in 2010 to do some more visual readings and stuff like that. But in that kind of hibernation and sleep cycle, they've reconfigured the radios to be a node on this DTN.
>> Oh, cool.
>> And they're testing it --
>> Nice.
>> As -- with sending simulated pictures to see if it works -- if the protocol works as advertised.
>> Uh huh. Okay.
>> So they just did that test, and it was a success. It was the only node in space. All the other nine nodes of this ten-node test network were on -- here on earth.
>> On the ground. Okay.
>> But apparently it's working, and they hope to build DTN networks into all the spacecraft that will involved in future moon missions, about 2015-16, and the Mars sample return, which is going to be a massive undertaking, a multi-national undertaking, both, you know, sending spacecraft to Mars, getting them off there and back here, and all the data that's going to come back, probably in about 2025.
>> Okay. Cool. That's when we could really see a big network out in space, many different nodes all talking to each other.
>> We hope so.
>> We hope so.
>> We just -- yeah.
>> Very cool. Thank you so much.
>> Pleasure.
>> CNET News, Webware.com editor and closet space nerd --
>> Oh, yeah.
>> -- Rafe Needleman. I'm Kara Tsuboi. We'll see you on the next daily debrief. ^E00:04:14
Related Videos
Daily Debrief: Microsoft Office online
Of all the announcements to come out of Microsoft's Professional Developer Conference in Los Angeles, Webware Editor Rafe Needleman is most excited about the company's version of Google Docs. On this Daily Debrief, he explains to CNET's Kara Tsuboi why he's pleased to see a competitor to Google's free, shareable, Web-based program and why Microsoft's entry to the market could be timed just right.
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CNET's Kara Tsuboi and Webware's Rafe Needleman discuss how Web companies are dealing with the current market mayhem. Needleman offers tips for fledgling dot-coms trying to stay in business in these uncertain times.
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Fans of Twitter, Pandora, Skype, Zillow, and seven other Web companies had better hope these start-ups find creative business plans to weather the financial downturn. These 11 Web 2.0 favorites have landed on Webware.com editor Rafe Needleman's list of companies that are potentially in peril. On Friday's edition of the Daily Debrief with CNET's Kara Tsuboi, Rafe explains why these companies are in danger--and what they could be doing to survive.
Daily Debrief: Looking forward to Firefox 3
In anticipation of Firefox 3, CNET News.com's Kara Tsuboi and Webware.com's Rafe Needleman discuss what users can look forward to with the new browser release. When it's available on June 17, expect faster service, the debut of the "awesome bar" and more security features.
Daily Debrief: The chase for Yahoo
On Monday's edition of the Daily Debrief, Kara Tsuboi and Dawn Kawamoto of CNET News discuss both Carl Icahn's and Microsoft's long-running pursuit of the company and the latest move to oust Yahoo's board.
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Haven't heard of Facebook Connect? Well, you will soon, according to Webware editor Rafe Needleman. On this Daily Debrief, he explains to CNET's Kara Tsuboi how this new service will help you log in to message boards and social-networking pages using your Facebook ID and password. The race for a universal log-on has officially begun.
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On the CNET News Daily Debrief, Kara Tsuboi and Daniel Terdiman discuss the next game from legendary designer Will Wright. Spore is just a few weeks from launch, and anticipation has rarely been higher for a new title.
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Daily Debrief: The couch potato's game-changer
Boxee, an all-in-one media center for your PC, is slowly gaining momentum as a go-to source for all of your videos, photos, and music. This week, the company has signed up Netflix so users can seamlessly stream movies on their computer by using their TV remotes. On this Daily Debrief, CNET's Kara Tsuboi and Josh Lowensohn discuss why Boxee has the right ingredients to be a game-changer in how we watch our media.


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Curse of dimensionality
The curse of dimensionality refers to various phenomena that arise when analyzing and organizing data in high-dimensional spaces (often with hundreds or thousands of dimensions) that do not occur in low-dimensional settings such as the three-dimensional physical space of everyday experience.
There are multiple phenomena referred to by this name in domains such as numerical analysis, sampling, combinatorics, machine learning, data mining and databases. The common theme of these problems is that when the dimensionality increases, the volume of the space increases so fast that the available data become sparse. This sparsity is problematic for any method that requires statistical significance. In order to obtain a statistically sound and reliable result, the amount of data needed to support the result often grows exponentially with the dimensionality. Also organizing and searching data often relies on detecting areas where objects form groups with similar properties; in high dimensional data however all objects appear to be sparse and dissimilar in many ways which prevents common data organization strategies from being efficient.
The term curse of dimensionality was coined by Richard E. Bellman when considering problems in dynamic optimization.[1][2]
The "curse of dimensionality" as open problem[edit]
The "curse of dimensionality" is often used[citation needed] as a blanket excuse for not dealing with high-dimensional data. However, the effects are not yet completely understood by the scientific community, and there is ongoing research. On one hand, the notion of intrinsic dimension refers to the fact that any low-dimensional data space can trivially be turned into a higher dimensional space by adding redundant (e.g. duplicate) or randomized dimensions, and in turn many high-dimensional data sets can be reduced to lower dimensional data without significant information loss. This is also reflected by the effectiveness of dimension reduction methods such as principal component analysis in many situations. For distance functions and nearest neighbor search, recent research also showed that data sets that exhibit the curse of dimensionality properties can still be processed unless there are too many irrelevant dimensions, while relevant dimensions can make some problems such as cluster analysis actually easier.[3][4] Secondly, methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo or shared nearest neighbor methods[3] often work very well on data that were considered intractable by other methods due to high dimensionality.
Curse of dimensionality in different domains[edit]
In some problems, each variable can take one of several discrete values, or the range of possible values is divided to give a finite number of possibilities. Taking the variables together, a huge number of combinations of values must be considered. This effect is also known as the combinatorial explosion. Even in the simplest case of d binary variables, the number of possible combinations already is , exponential in the dimensionality. Naively, each additional dimension doubles the effort needed to try all combinations.
This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. In particular, clarification needed on the hypercube formula. Why the factor of 10n(10-1)? In (10-1) does 10 stand for the number of dimensions of the unit hypercube and 1 for the number of dimensions of the unit interval and therefore can be generalized as n(D-d)?. (December 2013) |
There is an exponential increase in volume associated with adding extra dimensions to a mathematical space. For example, 102=100 evenly-spaced sample points suffice to sample a unit interval (a "1-dimensional cube") with no more than 10-2=0.01 distance between points; an equivalent sampling of a 10-dimensional unit hypercube with a lattice that has a spacing of 10-2=0.01 between adjacent points would require 1020 sample points. In general, with a spacing distance of 10-n the 10-dimensional hypercube appears to be a factor of 10n(10-1) "larger" than the 1-dimensional hypercube, which is the unit interval. In the above example n=2: when using a sampling distance of 0.01 the 10-dimensional hypercube appears to be 1018 "larger" than the unit interval. This effect is a combination of the combinatorics problems above and the distance function problems explained below.
When solving dynamic optimization problems by numerical backward induction, the objective function must be computed for each combination of values. This is a significant obstacle when the dimension of the "state variable" is large.
Machine learning[edit]
In machine learning problems that involve learning a "state-of-nature" (maybe an infinite distribution) from a finite number of data samples in a high-dimensional feature space with each feature having a number of possible values, an enormous amount of training data are required to ensure that there are several samples with each combination of values. With a fixed number of training samples, the predictive power reduces as the dimensionality increases, and this is known as the Hughes effect[5] or Hughes phenomenon (named after Gordon F. Hughes).[6][7]
Bayesian statistics[edit]
The curse of dimensionality has often been a difficulty with Bayesian statistics, for which the posterior distributions often have many parameters.
However, this problem has been largely overcome by the advent of simulation-based Bayesian inference, especially using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, which suffices for many practical problems. Of course, simulation-based methods converge slowly and therefore simulation-based methods are not a panacea for high-dimensional problems.
Distance functions[edit]
When a measure such as a Euclidean distance is defined using many coordinates, there is little difference in the distances between different pairs of samples.
One way to illustrate the "vastness" of high-dimensional Euclidean space is to compare the proportion of a hypersphere with radius and dimension , to that of a hypercube with sides of length , and equivalent dimension. The volume of such a sphere is: The volume of the cube would be: As the dimension of the space increases, the hypersphere becomes an insignificant volume relative to that of the hypercube. This can clearly be seen by comparing the proportions as the dimension goes to infinity:
- as .
Thus, in some sense, nearly all of the high-dimensional space is "far away" from the centre, or, to put it another way, the high-dimensional unit space can be said to consist almost entirely of the "corners" of the hypercube, with almost no "middle". This is an important intuition for understanding the chi-squared distribution.[why?]
Given a single distribution, the minimum and the maximum distances become indiscernible as the difference between the minimum and maximum compared to the minimum distance converges to zero:[8]
- .
This is often cited as distance functions losing their usefulness in high dimensionality.
Nearest neighbor search[edit]
The effect complicates nearest neighbor search in high dimensional space. It is not possible to quickly reject candidates by using the difference in one coordinate as a lower bound for a distance based on all the dimensions.[9][10]
However, recent research indicates that the mere number of dimensions does not necessarily result in problems,[3] since relevant additional dimensions can also increase the contrast. In addition, the resulting ranking remains useful to discern close and far neighbors. Irrelevant ("noise") dimensions however reduce the contrast as expected. In time series analysis, where the data are inherently high-dimensional, distance functions also work reliably as long as the signal-to-noise ratio is high enough.[4]
k-nearest neighbor classification[edit]
Another effect of high dimensionality on distance functions concerns k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) graphs constructed from a data set using some distance functions. As dimensionality increases, the indegree distribution of the k-NN digraph becomes skewed to the right, resulting in the emergence of hubs, as data instances that appear in many more k-NN lists of other instances from the data set than expected. This phenomenon can have a considerable impact on various techniques for classification (including the k-NN classifier), semi-supervised learning, and clustering,[11] and it also affects information retrieval.[12]
Anomaly detection[edit]
In a recent survey, Zimek et al. identified the following problems when searching for anomalies in high-dimensional data:[13]
- Concentration of scores and distances: derived values such as distances become numerically similar
- Irrelevant attributes: in high dimensional data, a significant amount of attributes may be irrelevant
- Definition of reference sets: for local methods, reference sets are often nearest-neighbor based
- Incomparable scores for different dimensionalities: different subspaces produce incomparable scores
- Interpretability of scores: the scores often no longer convey a semantic meaning
- Exponential search space: the search space can no longer be systematically scanned
- Data snooping bias: given the large search space, for every desired significance an hypothesis can be found
- Hubness: certain objects occur more frequently in neighbor lists than others.
Many of the analyzed specialized methods tackle one or another of these problems, but there remain many open research questions.
See also[edit]
- Bellman equation
- Backwards induction
- Cluster analysis
- Clustering high-dimensional data
- Combinatorial explosion
- Concentration of measure
- Dimension reduction
- Dynamic programming
- Fourier-related transforms
- High-dimensional space
- Linear least squares
- Multilinear PCA
- Multilinear subspace learning
- Principal component analysis
- Quasi-random
- Singular value decomposition
- Time series
- Wavelet
- ^ Richard Ernest Bellman; Rand Corporation (1957). Dynamic programming. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-07951-6,
Republished: Richard Ernest Bellman (2003). Dynamic Programming. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-42809-3. - ^ Richard Ernest Bellman (1961). Adaptive control processes: a guided tour. Princeton University Press.
- ^ a b c Houle, M. E.; Kriegel, H. P.; Kröger, P.; Schubert, E.; Zimek, A. (2010). "Can Shared-Neighbor Distances Defeat the Curse of Dimensionality?" (PDF). Scientific and Statistical Database Management. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6187. p. 482. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13818-8_34. ISBN 978-3-642-13817-1.
- ^ a b Bernecker, T.; Houle, M. E.; Kriegel, H. P.; Kröger, P.; Renz, M.; Schubert, E.; Zimek, A. (2011). "Quality of Similarity Rankings in Time Series". Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6849. p. 422. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22922-0_25. ISBN 978-3-642-22921-3.
- ^ Oommen, T. .; Misra, D. .; Twarakavi, N. K. C.; Prakash, A. .; Sahoo, B. .; Bandopadhyay, S. . (2008). "An Objective Analysis of Support Vector Machine Based Classification for Remote Sensing". Mathematical Geosciences 40 (4): 409. doi:10.1007/s11004-008-9156-6.
- ^ Hughes, G.F. (January 1968). "On the mean accuracy of statistical pattern recognizers". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 14 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1109/TIT.1968.1054102.
- ^ Not to be confused with the unrelated, but similarly named, Hughes effect in electromagnetism (named after Declan C. Hughes) which refers to an asymmetry in the hysteresis curves of laminated cores made of certain magnetic materials, such as permalloy or mu-metal, in alternating magnetic fields.
- ^ Beyer, K.; Goldstein, J.; Ramakrishnan, R.; Shaft, U. (1999). "When is "Nearest Neighbor" Meaningful?". Proc. 7th International Conference on Database Theory - ICDT'99. LNCS 1540: 217–235. doi:10.1007/3-540-49257-7_15. ISBN 978-3-540-65452-0.
- ^ Marimont, R.B.; Shapiro, M.B. (1979). "Nearest Neighbour Searches and the Curse of Dimensionality". IMA J Appl Math 24 (1): 59–70. doi:10.1093/imamat/24.1.59.
- ^ Chávez, Edgar; Navarro, Gonzalo; Baeza-Yates, Ricardo; Marroquín, José Luis (2001). "Searching in Metric Spaces" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys 33 (3): 273–321. doi:10.1145/502807.502808.
- ^ Radovanović, Miloš; Nanopoulos, Alexandros; Ivanović, Mirjana (2010). "Hubs in space: Popular nearest neighbors in high-dimensional data" (PDF). Journal of Machine Learning Research 11: 2487–2531.
- ^ Radovanović, M.; Nanopoulos, A.; Ivanović, M. (2010). "On the existence of obstinate results in vector space models". Proceeding of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR '10. p. 186. doi:10.1145/1835449.1835482. ISBN 9781450301534.
- ^ Zimek, A.; Schubert, E.; Kriegel, H. P. (2012). "A survey on unsupervised outlier detection in high-dimensional numerical data". Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 5 (5): ### Citation Citatbot : comment Citatbot c0 ###. doi:10.1002/sam.11161.


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Deluxe room with two double beds
Standard room with king bed
Victorian hotel in Bethesda with a complimentary breakfast
With a stay at Golden Tulip Bethesda Court Hotel in Bethesda, you'll be minutes from Madonna of the Trail Statue and close to Consumer Product Safety Commission.
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Make yourself at home in one of the 74 guestrooms featuring refrigerators. Your bed comes with down comforters and Egyptian cotton sheets. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Conveniences include phones, as well as complimentary weekday newspapers and coffee/tea makers.
Enjoy recreation amenities such as a fitness center or take in the view from a garden. This Victorian hotel also features complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and tour/ticket assistance.
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A computer station is located on site and high-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. This 3-star property offers access to a 24-hour business center, secretarial services, and limo/town car service. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. This Victorian hotel also offers a fitness center, a library, and tour/ticket assistance. Parking is available onsite for a surcharge.
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A complimentary continental breakfast is served each morning between 6:30 AM and 9:30 AM.
- Recreation
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
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To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
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Policies & Fees
- Check-in
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-in time ends at 6 AM
Minimum check-in age is 21
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Check-out time is noon
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Accepted at this hotel: American Express, Discover, MasterCard, Visa
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Pets not allowed
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Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
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- The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
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The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
- Additional Details
Children 18 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Children may not be eligible for complimentary breakfast, if one is offered. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


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Faculty: | SJ Avery and Michael Mcgarvey |
Team: | Ranekka Bell, Jeanne Johnson, Yasmine Legendre, Nupur Nanavati-Fields, Meghan Shineman, Susan Walsh |
Year: | 2006 |
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Craftsman 5-Drawer Workbench Module - Red/Black
Item# 00910133000 | Model# 10133Specifications & Dimensions
Dimensions: | |
Depth (in.): | 18 |
Height (in.): | 40.25 |
Width (in.): | 29.5 |
Product Overview: | |
Item Weight (lbs.): | 63.0 lbs. |
Color: | |
Color/Finish: | Baked enamel Red/black |
Chassis: | |
Adjustable Feet: | Yes |
Table: | |
Worksurface Back Trough: | N/A |
Worksurface Banded Edges: | N/A |
Worksurface Rounded Corners: | N/A |
Worksurface Side Tray: | N/A |
Installation: | |
Assembly Required: | Assembly Required |
Ratings & Reviews
Product Description
5-Drawer Red/Black Workbench Module Gets Your Shop In Order
Now that you have a clear work surface in your shop or garage, keep it that way by adding a Craftsman 5-drawer red/black workbench module. This tough steel module can mount to either side of a Craftsman work bench, letting you design a work area that fits the way you prefer to work. You can use two modules if you have more tools that the five spacious drawers can hold.
The 5-drawer red/black workbench module is coated with baked enamel coating, a treatment that will keep it in tip-top shape for years. The module can support 50 pounds of weight in drawers that glide smoothly on ball-bearing slides.
- The Craftsman 5-drawer red/black workbench module adds storage space to your workbench, letting you keep your tools close at hand
- The module is comes with drawers, slides and one support leg
- It must be used with a work bench
- It's made of solid steel with a baked enamel coating
- Overall dimensions: 29-1/2" W x 18" D x 40-1/4" H
- 50-pound capacity
- It can attach to either side of a Craftsman work bench, sold separately at Sears
- You can use two models with each work bench
- The adjustable leveling feet let you compensate for uneven floors
- Full extension ball-bearing drawer slides glide smoothly for years
- Pair the modules and bench with a Craftsman VersaTrack wall system to create even more storage space
- Weight: 63 pounds
- Assembly required
Added on May 26, 2010
Overall, others give this:
Reviewers may have received a benefit, like a sweepstakes entry or rewards program points, in exchange for writing a review.
Those benefits were not conditioned on the positive or negative content of the review.
Most Helpful Reviews
I bought the 8" workbench, stainless steel top, 5 drawer storage, 3 shelf with locking door, and black pegboard at the same time. Great unit and looks and works great. Only thing wrong Sears should have a set of instructions for assembly of the complete unit. I read some of the previous reviews and knew it was a problem. I had to redo a few things in assembly but not to bad. It did take me about 12 hours for complete assembly, but in th eend it was well worth it.
Helena, AL
via sears.com
Assembly was much easier than I anticipated and it fit my 8' workbench with no problem. This is a really nice addition to your workbench that I would highly recommend.
Chula Vista, CA
5 drawers ...lots of storage... nice roller slides
Lewis Center, OH
via sears.com
Purchased two(2) drawers, back wall, butcher block top and frame. Needs instructions for complete set to assemble without difficulty. Started to assemble and had to remove top after drilled and installed.
Grayslake, IL
via sears.com
It took a little work to get the support brackets to line ? up correctly with the holes in the workbench (loosed a couple screws on the back workbench support bracket). Overall very pleased with the product as others have mentioned the sheet metal of the drawers is a little on the light side but they work well as designed.
via sears.com
I bought an 8 foot bench, wood top, this module, and the pegboard bench back w/ light. Each "kit" has it's own instructions, but I thought they did a good job of tieing in with the other kits. Assemble loose, then tighten all and level feet. Then unit is quite strong. I have added good weight into some of the drawers w/o issue.
Pawling, NY
via sears.com
This item goes together really easy. I ordered two of them. The first one took me about two hours to assemble, but the second took only about one hour.
Calvert City, KY
via sears.com
excellent quality
Racine, WI
Really tightens up the workbench frame, adjustable feet are a key feature and nicely done. The drawers are delicate and quite flimsy, be very careful handling them and opening and closing them. Slides are very nice roller bearings, seem sturdy too. The frame is pre punched for the drawer slides making assembly easy once you get the process down.
via sears.com
Way to many screws and pieces For a little more money put some of it together please Poor instructions Too many parts
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