text:
Head Coach John Fox met with the media Monday afternoon to discuss Sunday's exciting 24-22 win over the Cincinnati Bengals and to look forward to this week's encounter in Nashville against the Tennessee Titans.
Fox said that he was able to enjoy his first win as head coach of the Broncos last night, but it was short-lived as he arrived at Dove Valley this morning ready to prepare for the Titans.
"I definitely cherished it," Fox said. "There's not much time to celebrate in this business, because it's, 'What have you done for me lately?' I had a nice meal with friends and family and was back to work today early."
Fox and his staff will not only have to scout Tennessee this week, but also their own team. Four Week 1 starters missed Sunday's game due to injury and two more players left injured during the game, leaving Fox with just two wide receivers.
Fox said he's hopeful to get some of those players back this week and would rather not play that short-handed again.
"That was tough sledding, especially at minus-two in the turnover ratio," Fox said. "I don't want to do that every week. It is not my first choice."
However, the Broncos were able to pull out the win despite the absence of many key players. Fox pointed to the "next-man up" mentality he has instilled in the team as a significant aspect of the win and said that the execution from his players was much improved.
"I thought it was a character, toughness type of win," Fox said. "We had two big stops on defense in the last five minutes of the game that were critical. I thought the way our offense started the game, both in the first half and the second half with extended drives and ended up with points, I thought that was critical to what I'm looking for. I thought the way we ran the ball was more what I expected from the beginning. Our players and staff worked very hard to improve in that area."
Fox and the team return to practice Wednesday as they look to build off Sunday's win.
-Kenny Legan


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Wednesday, March 14th, 2012

subset: commoncrawl


text:
MGM-31 Pershing
Pershing was a family of solid-fueled two-stage medium-range ballistic missiles designed and built by Martin Marietta to replace the PGM-11 Redstone missile as the United States Army's primary nuclear-capable theater-level weapon. The Pershing systems lasted over 30 years from the first test version in 1960 through final elimination in 1991. It was named after General John J. Pershing. The systems were managed by the U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) and deployed by the Field Artillery Branch.
In 1956, George Bunker, the president of the Martin Company, paid a courtesy call on Gen. John Medaris of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. Medaris noted that it would be advantageous to the Army if there was a missile plant in the vicinity of Cape Canaveral. Martin began construction of their Sand Lake facility in Orlando, Florida, and this was opened in late 1957. Edward Uhl, the co-inventor of the bazooka, was the vice-president and general manager of the new factory.
The U.S. Army began studies in 1956 for a ballistic missile with a range of about 500–750 nautical miles (930–1,390 km; 580–860 mi). Later that year, Secretary of Defense Charles Erwin Wilson issued the Wilson Memorandum that removed from the U.S. Army all missiles with a range of 200 miles (320 km) or more.[1] When this memorandum was rescinded by the D.O.D. in 1958, the ABMA began development of the class of ballistic missile. Initially called the Redstone-S, where the S meant solid propellant, the name was changed to Pershing missile.
Seven companies were selected to develop engineering proposals: Chrysler, the Lockheed Corporation, the Douglas Aircraft Company, the Convair Division of General Dynamics, the Firestone Corp., the Sperry-Rand Company, and the Martin Company.[2]
The Secretary of the Army, Wilber Brucker, the former governor of Michigan — was apparently under pressure from his home state to award the contract to a company in Michigan. Chrysler was the only contractor from Michigan, but Medaris persuaded Brucker to leave the decision entirely in the hands of the ABMA. After a selection process by General Medaris and Dr. Arthur Rudolph, the Martin Company (later Martin Marietta after a merger in 1961) was awarded a CPFF (cost-plus-fixed-fee) contract for research, development, and initial production of the Pershing system under the technical supervision and concept control of the government. Martin's quality control manager for the Pershing, Phil Crosby developed the concept of Zero Defects that enhanced the production and reliability of the system.
Pershing I[edit]
MGM-31 Pershing I | |
Pershing round 32 launched from Hueco Range, Texas by A Battery, 2nd Battalion, 44th Field Artillery, targeted for White Sands Missile Range on August 20, 1963
Type | Surface-to-surface missile |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 1960–1986 |
Used by |
Production history | |
Designer | The Martin Company |
Designed | 1958–1960 |
Manufacturer | The Martin Company |
Produced | 1960–1969 |
Number built | 754 missiles (including Pershing IA) |
Specifications | |
Weight | 4,655 kilograms (10,263 lb) |
Length | 10.5 metres (34.4 ft) |
Diameter | 1.02 metres (3.3 ft) |
Blast yield |
Engine |
range |
740 kilometres (460 mi) |
Boost time | 77.3 seconds |
Speed | Mach 8 |
system |
Eclipse-Pioneer ST-120 inertial guidance |
system |
Jet vanes, air vanes |
Accuracy | 400 metres (1,310 ft) circular error probable |
platform |
M474 transporter erector launcher |
The first XM14 R&D Pershing I[note 1] test missile, was launched on February 25, 1960. The first two-stage launch from the tactical transporter erector launcher (TEL) was in January 1962. The first test flights used only the first stage, but by the end of 1962, full range two stage flights had been successful. For training there was an inert Pershing I missile designated XM19. In June 1963, the XM14 and XM19 Pershing missiles were redesignated as XMGM-31A and XMTM-31B, respectively. The production version of the tactical missile was subsequently designated as MGM-31A.
Gilson Butte in Utah, situated at 38°36′N 110°36′W / 38.600°N 110.600°W was used as a Pershing test site tested between 1964 and 1970.[3]
The Pershing made its first public appearance at Fort Benning in May 1960 as part of a display for President Eisenhower.[4] The Pershing later performed as part of the inaugural parade of President Kennedy in 1961. President Kennedy and other dignitaries visited White Sands Missile Range in 1963 to observe test firings of various weapons systems– the Pershing was demonstrated, but not fired.[5]
The 2nd Missile Battalion, 44th Artillery was activated at Fort Sill as the first tactical Pershing unit. The 56th Field Artillery Group was activated in Heilbronn, West Germany to become the parent unit for three missile battalions. The 4th Missile Battalion, 41st Artillery was formed in 1963 and deployed to Schwäbisch Gmünd, West Germany. This was followed by the deployment of the 1st Battalion, 81st Field Artillery at Wiley Barracks in Neu-Ulm. In 1964, the Secretary of Defense assigned the Pershing weapon system to a Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) role after a DoD study showed that the Pershing would be superior to tactical aircraft for the QRA mission. The German Air Force began training at Fort Sill. The 2nd Missile Battalion, 79th Artillery was formed for deployment to South Korea, but was deactivated before equipment was issued. In 1965, three U.S. Army battalions and two German Air Force wings were operational in Germany. The 579th Ordnance Company was later moved to Nelson Barracks in Neu-Ulm and tasked with maintenance and logistical general support for the Pershing artillery units.
The Pershing I missile was powered by two Thiokol solid-propellant engines. Since a solid-propellant engine cannot be turned off, selective range was achieved by thrust reversal and case venting. The rocket stages were attached with splice bands and explosive bolts. As directed by the onboard guidance computer, the bolts would explode and eject the splice band. Another squib would open the thrust reversal ports in the forward end of the stage and ignite the propellant in the forward end, causing the engine to reverse direction. During testing, it was found that the second stage would draft behind the warhead and cause it to drift off course, so an explosive charge was added to the side of the engine that would open the case and vent the propellant. The range could be graduated but the maximum was 740 kilometres (400 nmi). The missile was steered by jet vanes in the rocket nozzles and air vanes on the engine case. Guidance was provided by an onboard analog guidance computer and an Eclipse-Pioneer ST-120 (Stable Table-120) inertial navigation system. The warhead could be conventional explosive or a W50 nuclear weapon with three yield options— the Y1 with 60 kiloton yield, Y2 with 200 kiloton yield and Y3 with 400 kiloton yield.
Ground equipment[edit]
The Pershing I firing platoon consisted of four M474 tracked-vehicles– by comparison, Redstone needed twenty vehicles. The transporter erector launcher (TEL) transported the two stages and the guidance section as an assembly and provided the launch platform after the warhead was mated. It utilized a removable erector launcher designed by Unidynamics and manufactured by FMC Corporation The warhead carrier transported the warhead and the azimuth laying set used to position the missile. The programmer test station (PTS) and power station (PS) were mounted on one carrier.
The PTS featured rapid missile checkout and countdowns, with complete computer control, and automatic self test and malfunction isolation. Additionally, the PTS would perform tests that simulated airborne missile operation, programed the trajectory of the missile, and controlled the firing sequence. Plug-in micromodules, increased maintainability and allowed the PTS operator to perform 80% of all repairs at the firing position. A turbine driven Power Station, mounted behind the PTS, provided the primary electrical and pneumatic power and conditioned air for the missile and ground support equipment at the firing position.
The AN/TRC-80 Radio Terminal Set was produced by Collins Radio Company specifically for the Pershing system. The "Track 80" used an inflatable dish antenna to provide line-of-sight or tropospheric-scatter voice and teleprinter communications between missile firing units and higher headquarters. The erector-launcher, PTS, PS and RTS could be removed from the carriers and air-transported in fourteen CH-47 Chinook loads.[6]
The missile had to be positioned or laid in on a pre-surveyed site with a system of two theodolites and a target card. Directional control was passed from one theodolite to the one next to the missile. The missile was then oriented to north by an operator using a horizontal laying theodolite aimed at a window in the guidance section of the missile. Using a control box, the ST-120 Inertial navigation system in the guidance section was rotated until it was aligned; at this point the missile "knew" which direction was north.
Satellite launcher[edit]
In 1961, Martin proposed a satellite launch system based on the Pershing. Named Pegasus, it would have had a lighter, simplified guidance section and a short third stage booster.[7] A 60-pound (27 kg) payload could be boosted to a 210 miles (340 km) circular orbit, or to an elliptical orbit with a 700 miles (1,130 km) apogee. Pegasus would have used the Pershing erector-launcher and could be emplaced in any open area. Martin seems to have been targeting the nascent European space program, but this program was never developed.
In 1965, the Army contracted with the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) of Johns Hopkins University to develop and implement a test and evaluation program.[8] APL provided technical support to the Pershing Operational Test Unit (POTU), identified problem areas and improved the performance and survivability of the Pershing systems.
Pershing IA[edit]
MGM-31A Pershing IA | |
Type | Surface-to-surface missile |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 1969–1991 |
Used by |
Production history | |
Designer | The Martin Company |
Designed | 1965–1969 |
Manufacturer | The Martin Company |
Produced | 1969 |
Number built | 754 missiles (including Pershing I) |
Specifications | |
Weight | 4,655 kilograms (10,263 lb) |
Length | 10.5 metres (34.4 ft) |
Diameter | 1.02 metres (3.3 ft) |
Blast yield |
Engine |
range |
740 kilometres (460 mi) |
Boost time | 77.3 seconds |
Speed | Mach 8 |
system |
Eclipse-Pioneer ST-120 Inertial navigation system |
system |
Jet vanes, air vanes |
Accuracy | 400 metres (1,310 ft) circular error probable |
platform |
M790 erector launcher |
Transport | M757 5-ton tractor |
In 1964, a series of operational tests and follow-on tests were performed to determine the reliability of the Pershing I. The Secretary of Defense then requested that the Army define the modifications required to make Pershing suitable for the quick reaction alert (QRA) role. The Pershing IA development program was approved in 1965, and the original Pershing was renamed to Pershing I. Martin Marietta received the Pershing IA production contract in mid-1967. The 2nd Battalion, 44th Field Artillery received equipment at Fort Sill in 1969. Project SWAP replaced all of the Pershing equipment in Germany by mid-1970 and the first units quickly achieved QRA status.
Pershing IA was a quick reaction alert system and so had faster vehicles, launch times and newer electronics.[9] The total number of launchers was increased from eight to 36 per battalion. It was deployed from May 1969 and by 1970 almost all the Pershing I systems had been upgraded to Pershing IA under Project SWAP. Production of the Pershing IA missile ended in 1975 and reopened in 1977 to replace missiles expended in training.
Pershing IA was further improved in 1971 with the Pershing Missile and Power Station Development Program. The analog guidance computer and the control computer in the missile were replaced by a single digital guidance and control computer. The main distributor in the missile that routed power and signals was replaced with a new version. The missile used a rotary inverter to convert DC to AC that was replaced by a solid-state static inverter. The power station was improved for accessibility and maintenance.[10] Further improvements in 1976 allowed the firing of a platoon's three missiles in quick succession and from any site without the need for surveying.[11] The Automatic Reference System (ARS) use an optical laser link and a north-seeking gyro with encode to eliminate the need for pre-selected and surveyed points. The Sequential Launch Adapter connected the PTS to three missiles, eliminating the need to cable and uncable each launcher.
A total of 754 Pershing I and Pershing IA missiles were built with 180 deployed in Europe.[12]
The battalions in Europe were reorganized under new tables of organization and equipment (TOE); an infantry battalion was authorized and formed to provide additional security for the system; and the 56th Artillery Group was reorganized and redesignated the 56th Field Artillery Brigade. Due to the nature of the weapon system, officer positions were increased by one grade: batteries were commanded by a major instead of a captain; battalions were commanded by a colonel; and the brigade was commanded by a brigadier general.[13]:2-4
Pershing la was deployed with three U.S. battalions in Europe and two German Air Force wings. Each battalion or wing had 36 mobile launchers. Due to legal issues of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany prohibiting (West) Germany to own (or directly control) nuclear weapons the direct command and control of the nuclear warheads remained in the hands of the U.S. army. During peacetime operations, a portion of the Pershing IA assets was deployed on the QRA mission. The remainder would be conducting field training or were maintained in kasernes awaiting alert. The system was designed to be highly mobile, permitting its dispersal to clandestine sites in times of alert or war and was deployed at distances greater than 100 km behind the forward edge of battle area or political border. Owing to its mobility and setback, Pershing was considered one of the most survivable theater nuclear weapons ever deployed in Europe.
The primary mission in the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe scheduled plan took one of two forms: peacetime or an increased state of readiness called period of tension. Different levels or techniques of tasking were used for these mission forms. The peacetime quick reaction alert role required that for each battalion or wing, one firing battery or a portion thereof would be combat alert status (CAS) on a permanent hard site, covering assigned targets.
In peacetime the four batteries of each battalion rotated through four states or conditions of alert readiness, the highest being that of the CAS battery. The purpose of this rotation was to assume the CAS status, to share the burden of CAS responsibility, to provide time for field tactical training and equipment maintenance, and to give ample leave and pass time to personnel without adverse impact on operational requirements.
During periods of increased tension, the firing batteries of each battalion were deployed to previously unused field tactical sites. At these sites, they assumed responsibility for coverage of all assigned targets. During transition from the peacetime to full combat status, coverage was maintained on the highest priority targets that were assigned to the peacetime CAS batteries.
Once all firing batteries were at their field sites, the firing elements of the battalions were deployed by platoons, which were then separated from each other geographically to reduce vulnerability. The platoons then moved to new firing positions on a random schedule to increase survivability.
The deployment of Pershing missiles was a cause of significant [1] protests in Europe.
The M790 erector launcher (EL) was a modified low-boy flat-bed trailer towed by a Ford M757 5-ton tractor. The erection booms used a 3,000 psi pneumatic over hydraulic system that could erect the 5 ton missile from horizontal to vertical in nine seconds. Due to the overall missile length and for security, the warhead was not mated during travel. It was stored in a carrier and mated using a hand-pumped davit after the launcher was emplaced.
The PTS and PS were mounted on a Ford M656 truck. Launch activation was performed from a remote fire box that could be deployed locally or mounted in the battery control central (BCC). One PTS controlled three launchers— when one launch count was complete, ten large cables were unplugged from the PTS and the PTS was moved up and connected to the next launcher.
Further improvements[edit]
A repackaging effort of the missile and power station was completed in 1974 to provide easier access to missile components, reduce maintenance, and improve reliability. A new digital guidance and control computer combined the functions of the analog control computer and the analog guidance computer into one package. The mean corrective maintenance time was decreased from 8.7 hours to a requirement of 3.8 hours. The reliability increased from 32 hours mean time between failures to a requirement of 65 hours. In 1976, the sequential launch adapter (SLA) and the automatic reference system (ARS) were introduced. The SLA was an automatic switching device mounted in a 10 ton trailer that allowed the PTS to remain connected to all three launchers. This allowed all three launchers to remain "hot" and greatly decreasing the time between launches. The ARS eliminated the theodolites previously used to lay and orient the missile. It included a north seeking gyro and a laser link to the ST-120 in the missile. Once the ARS was set up, a cold missile could be oriented in a much shorter time.
DoD policies of the time restricted females from many positions, including Field Artillery. The first female mechanical repairer (46N, Ordnance Branch) graduated from the Pershing course at Redstone Arsenal in 1974.[14] The first female enlisted Pershing missile crewmembers (15E, Field Artillery) graduated in 1978,[15] as did the first female Field Artillery officer.[16]
Pershing II[edit]
Pershing II | |
Pershing II test flight, February 1983
Type | Surface-to-surface guided missile |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 1983–1991 |
Used by | USA |
Production history | |
Designer | Martin Marietta |
Designed | 1973–1981 |
Manufacturer | Martin Marietta |
Produced | 1981–1989 |
Number built | 276 missiles |
Variants | Pershing IB (not deployed) |
Specifications | |
Weight | 7,490 kilograms (16,513 lb) |
Length | 10.6 metres (34.8 ft) |
Diameter | 1.02 metres (3.3 ft) |
Blast yield |
Engine | Hercules, two-stage, solid propellant |
range |
1,770 kilometres (1,100 mi) |
Speed | Mach 9 |
system |
system |
vector control system (steerable nozzle), air fins |
Accuracy | 30 metres (100 ft) circular error probable (restrictions apply) |
platform |
M1003 erector launcher |
Transport |
In 1973, a task force was established to begin development of a follow on system. The 400 kt warhead was greatly over-powered for the QRA mission, and a smaller warhead required greater accuracy. The contract went to Martin Marietta in 1975 and the first development launches began in 1977. Pershing II[note 2] was to use the new W85 warhead with a five to 50 kt variable yield or an earth-penetrator W86 warhead. The warhead was to be packaged in a maneuverable reentry vehicle (MARV) with active radar guidance, and it would be launched with the Pershing I rocket engines. In 1975, the U.S.A. turned down a request from Israel to purchase the new Pershing II.[17]
The Soviet Union began deployment of the RSD-10 Pioneer (SS-20) in 1976. Since the initial version of the SS-20 had a range of 2,700 miles (4,300 km) and two warheads, the Pershing II requirement was changed to increase the range to 900 miles (1,400 km). It would have had the range to reach into the eastern Ukraine, Belarussia, or Lithuania, thus the NATO Double-Track Decision was made to deploy both the medium range Pershing and the longer range, but slower BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM) in order to strike potential targets farther to the east.
Both the hard target capability and W86 nuclear warhead were canceled in 1980, and all production Pershing II missiles carried the W85.[18] A concept warhead using kinetic energy penetrators for counter-airfield operations never materialized.[19][20]
Because of SALT II agreements, no new launchers could be built, therefore the new missile had to fit onto upgraded Pershing IA launchers. The functions of the vehicle mounted PTS needed for the older systems were consolidated into a panel on the side of the launcher. The warhead and radar sections were carried as an assembly on a pallet that rotated to mate with the main missile.
The prime mover for the launcher was the M983 HEMTT for units in the U.S. and a MAN tractor for units in Germany. The tractors had a crane used for missile assembly and a generator to provide power for the launcher and missile. Since the new guidance system was self-orienting, the launcher could be emplaced on any surveyed site and launched within minutes.
Missile engines[edit]
The new rocket engines were built by Hercules. To minimize airframe weight, the rocket cases were spun from Kevlar with aluminum attachment rings.[21]
Reentry vehicle[edit]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (June 2012) |
The G&CC contained an inertial guidance system that could guide the missile on-target in a purely ballistic mode as a back-up. The primary guidance system was a Goodyear Aerospace active radar guidance system. Using radar maps of the target area, the Pershing II had a reported accuracy of about 30 metres (100 ft) circular error probable.[22]
The reentry vehicle (RV) was structurally and functionally divided into three sections: the radar section (RS), the warhead section (WHS), and the guidance and control adapter (G&C) section. Quick access connectors made the all three of the RV sections replaceable at the launching site.
The radar section consisted of the radar unit with the antenna enclosed in an ablative radome. The function of the radar unit was to transmit radio waves to the target area, to receive altitude and video information in return, and to send the detected video and altitude data to the digital correlator unit (DCU) located in the G&C section.
The warhead section contained the W85 warhead. Provisions were made within the warhead section for mounting the warhead cables, the rate gyro unit, and the cables that passed from the G&C section to the RS.
The G&C section consisted of two separate portions, the G&C and adapter, which were connected by a manufactured splice. At the forward end of the G&C there was a quick access splice for attachment to the warhead section. At the aft end, the adapter was grooved to accept the V-band that spliced the propulsion section to the G&C section. The RV separation system consisted of a linear shaped charge ring assembly bolted to the G&C section so that separation occurred just forward of the G&C manufactured splice. A protective collar on the outer surface of the adapter, mounted over the location of the linear shaped charge, provides the soldiers with protection during G&C handling operations.
Within the G&C was the Singer-Kearfott inertial navigation system, the G&C computer, the digital correlator unit and actuators to drive the air fins.
Radar area correlator[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2012) |
The highly accurate terminal guidance technique used by the Pershing II RV was radar area correlation, using a Goodyear Aerospace active radar guidance system. This technique compared live radar video return to prestored reference scenes of the target area and determined RV position errors with respect to its trajectory and target location. These position errors were used to update the inertial guidance system, which in turn sent commands to the vane control system to guide the RV to the target.
At a predetermined altitude, the radar unit was activated to provide altitude update data and begin scanning the target area. The analog radar video return was digitized into two-bit pixels by the correlator unit and was formatted into a 128 by 128 array. The target reference scene data, loaded prior to launch via the ground and missile data links, were also encoded as two-bit pixels and placed in reference memory formatted in a 256 by 256 array. The reference scene resolution necessary to correspond to the decreasing altitude of the RV was effected by placing four reference data arrays in memory, each representing a given altitude band. This correlation process was performed several times during each of four altitude bands and continued to update the inertial guidance system until just before the impact.
If for some reason the correlator system failed to operate or if the correlation data quality was determined to be faulty, the inertial guidance system continued to operate and guided the RV to the target area with inertial accuracy only.
Goodyear also developed the Reference Scene Generation Facility— a truck mounted shelter containing the equipment required to program the missile targeting.[23] Radar maps of target areas were stored on disk, then specific targeting data was transferred to a tape cartridge. During countdown operations, the cartridge was plugged into the launcher control panel.
Prior to launch, the missile was referenced in azimuth by its gyrocompass inertial platform. After launch, the missile followed an inertially guided trajectory until RV separation. Attitude and guidance commands during powered flight (except for roll attitude) were executed via the swivel nozzles in the two propulsion sections. Roll control was provided by two movable air vanes on the first stage during first stage flight and by the RV air vanes during second stage flight. The first stage also had two fixed air vanes for stability during first stage powered flight.
The midcourse phase of the trajectory was initiated at RV separation and continued until the terminal phase began. At the beginning of the midcourse phase, the RV was pitched down to orient it for reentry and to reduce its radar cross section. Midcourse attitude was then controlled by the RV vane control system during atmospheric exit and reentry, and by a reaction control system during exoatmospheric flight.
At a predetermined altitude above the target, the terminal phase would begin. A velocity control maneuver (pull up, pull down) was executed under inertial guidance control to slow down the RV and achieve the proper impact velocity. The radar correlator system was activated and the radar scanned the target area. Radar return data was compared to prestored reference data and the resulting position fix information was used to update the inertial guidance system and generate RV steering commands. The RV was then maneuvered to the target by the RV vane control system.
By 1975, NATO had lost its strategic nuclear lead over the Soviet Union, and with the introduction of the SS-20, had even fallen behind. NATO's answer was not long in coming and on December 12, 1979, the military commander of NATO decided to deploy 572 new nuclear missiles in Western Europe: 108 Pershing II Missiles and 464 Ground Launched Cruise Missiles. Of the cruise missiles, 160 were to be placed in England, 96 in West Germany, 112 in Italy (on Sicily), 48 in the Netherlands, and 48 in Belgium. All 108 Pershing II missiles were to be emplaced in West Germany.
The second significant aspect of the NATO decision was the readiness to "horse trade" with the Soviet Union for the reduction or total elimination of these missiles against similar reductions or elimination of the Soviet SS-20 ballistic missiles.
NATO's condition for not carrying out its plans for missile deployment would be the willingness of the U.S.S.R. to halt the deployment of the mobile SS-20 missiles that could be aimed at Western Europe and to remove the SS-20s that had already been deployed. In 1979, when the decision to deploy new NATO nuclear missiles was made, the Warsaw Pact had 14 SS-20 launch sites selected, with one operational. According to estimates by NATO, at the beginning of 1986 the Warsaw Pact had deployed 279 SS-20 mobile missile launchers with a total of 837 nuclear warheads based in the eastern USSR.
Almost 380 Pershing II missiles were produced in American factories. The first of these were deployed in West Germany beginning in late November 1983. Their deployment in West Germany was completed in late 1985 with a total of 108 launchers. Initial Operational Status was achieved on December 15, 1983 when A Battery, 1st Battalion, 41st Field Artillery Regiment rotated on to operational status with the Pershing IIs at its site in Mutlangen.
In 1986, the U.S. Army had three missile battalions, with a total of 108 Martin Marrieta Pershing 2 missiles, stationed in the Federal Republic at Neu-Ulm, Mutlangen and Neckarsulm. The Pershing IIs replaced a similar number of Pershing 1As that had been stored in the Federal Republic since 1962.
On January 11, 1985, three soldiers of C Battery, 3rd Battalion, 84th Field Artillery were killed in an explosion at Camp Redleg, Heilbronn. The explosion occurred while removing a missile stage from the storage container during an assembly operation. An investigation revealed that the Kevlar rocket bottle had accumulated a triboelectric charge in the cold dry weather; as the engine was removed from the container the electrical charge began to flow and created a hot spot that ignited the propellant.[24][25][26] A moratorium on missile movement was enacted through late 1986 when new grounding and handling procedures were put into place.
In 1982, the 55th Maintenance Battalion was activated as part of the 56th Field Artillery Brigade. The 579th Ordnance Company was deactivated and reformed as Headquarters Company and D Company. The three service batteries in the field artillery battalions were deactivated and reformed as forward service companies under the 55th.[27]
In January 1986, there was a major reorganization of the tactical units in Germany. The 56th Field Artillery Brigade was redesignated as the 56th Field Artillery Command and was authorized a major general as a commander. 1st Battalion, 81st Field Artillery was inactivated and reformed as 1st Battalion, 9th Field Artillery in Neu-Ulm, 1st Battalion, 41st Field Artillery was inactivated and reformed as 2nd Battalion, 9th Field Artillery in Schwäbisch-Gmünd and 3rd Battalion, 84th Field Artillery was inactivated and reformed as 4th Battalion, 9th Field Artillery in Heilbronn. With 3rd Battalion, 9th Field Artillery at Fort Sill, all of the firing units were then under the 9th Field Artillery Regiment. The 55th Maintenance Battalion was redesignated as 55th Support Battalion and E Company, 55th Maintenance Battalion was deactivated and reformed as the 193rd Aviation Company.
Pershing IB and Pershing II RR[edit]
Pershing IB was a single stage, reduced range version of Pershing II with the same range as the Pershing IA. The Pershing II launcher was designed so that the cradle could be easily repositioned to handle the shorter missile body. The intent was to replace the German Air Force's Pershing IA systems with Pershing IB, since SALT II limited the range of German-owned missiles. The Luftwaffe agreed to destroy its Pershing IA systems when the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. signed the INF Treaty, hence the Pershing IB was never deployed.
Pershing II Reduced Range (RR) was a follow on concept that would have modified the launchers to hold two single-stage missiles.[28]
United States: United States Army
- 56th Field Artillery Command
- 9th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)
- 41st Field Artillery Regiment (United States)
- 81st Field Artillery Regiment (United States)
- 84th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)
West Germany: German Air Force
- Flugkörpergeschwader 1 (1st Surface-to-Surface Missile Wing) (see de:Flugkörpergeschwader)
- Flugkörpergeschwader 2 (2nd Surface-to-Surface Missile Wing)
The Pershing systems were scrapped following the ratification of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty on May 27, 1988.[29] The missiles were withdrawn in October 1988; the last of the missiles were destroyed by the static burn of their rockets and subsequently crushed in May 1991 at the Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant near Caddo Lake, Texas. Although not covered by the treaty, West Germany agreed unilaterally to the removal of the Pershing IA missiles from its inventory in 1991, and the missiles were destroyed in the United States.
The INF treaty only covered the destruction of launchers and rocket motors. The W-85 warheads used in the Pershing II missiles were removed, modified, and reused in B61 gravity bombs. The Pershing II guidance section was re-used in the Coleman Aerospace Hera and the Orbital Sciences Storm II.
The INF Treaty allowed for inert Pershing II missiles to be retained for display purposes. One is now on display in the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., alongside a Soviet SS-20 missile. Another is at the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow, Russia, also with a SS-20.[29][note 3] A number of inert Pershing I and Pershing IA missiles are displayed in the U.S. and Germany.
Scrap material from the Pershing II and SS-20 missiles has been used in several projects. Zurab Tsereteli created a sculpture called Good Defeats Evil, a 39-foot (12 m), 40-short-ton (36,000 kg) monumental bronze statue of Saint George fighting the dragon of nuclear war, with the dragon being made from sections of the Pershing II and SS-20 missiles. The sculpture was donated to the United Nations by the Soviet Union in 1990, and it is located on the grounds of the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.
In 1991, Leonard Cheshire's World Memorial Fund for Disaster Relief sold badges of the group logo made of scrap material. Parker created a series of pens with a Memorial Fund badge made of scrap missile material, with half the proceeds going to the fund.[30]
In 2000, a number of U.S. Army Pershing missile veterans decided to seek out their fellow veterans and to start acquiring information and artifacts on the Pershing systems.[31] In 2004, the Pershing Professionals Association was incorporated to meet the long-term goals — to preserve, interpret and encourage interest in the history of the Pershing missile systems and the soldiers who served, and to make such information accessible to present and future generations to foster a deeper appreciation of the role that Pershing played in world history.[32]
Veterans of the 2nd Battalion, 4th Infantry Regiment, who had carried out the security for the Pershing systems formed a subchapter known as the Pershing Tower Rats.[33] The two German Air Force missile wings in Germany also formed veterans groups.[34][35]
- ^ The original system was simply named Pershing, but was renamed Pershing I in 1965 when the Pershing Ia was introduced. Military documentation is inconsistent in the use of Arabic and Roman numerals and in capitalization, resulting in the use of I, 1, 1a, 1A, 2, II and the like.
- ^ No official military documentation uses the MGM-31 series designation for the Pershing II.
- ^ The treaty allowed for a total of fifteen Pershing II and GLCM missiles for display. Seven Pershing IIs were retained; last known locations are:
- U.S. Army Artillery Museum, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
- White Sands Missile Range Museum, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico
- Air Force Space & Missile Museum, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida
- U.S. Space & Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama
- Virginia Air and Space Center, Hampton, Virginia
- National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
- Central Armed Forces Museum, Moscow, Russia (missile only)
- ^ "Charlie's Hurricane". Time. June 6, 1956.(subscription required)
- ^ Harwood, William B (1993). Raise Heaven and Earth. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-74998-6.
- ^ http://www.astronautix.com/sites/gilbutte.htm
- ^ Pershing: The Man, the Missile, the Mission. The Martin Company. 1960. WSS 009.
- ^ "JFK's Visit to White Sands". White Sands Missile Range. United States Army.
- ^ "Field Artillery's Newest Missile". Artillery Trends (U.S. Army Field Artillery and Missile School). January 1963. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
- ^ "Pershing Rockets for Europe". Interavia. July 1961.
- ^ Mentzer, Jr., William R. (1998). "Test and Evaluation of Land-Mobile Missile Systems". Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest (Johns Hopkins University). Archived from the original on February 27, 2008.
- ^ Moore, Jr., Alan L. "A New Look of Pershing". Field Artillery (United States Army Field Artillery School). Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
- ^ "Instructional Department Notes: Pershing". The Field Artilleryman (United States Army Field Artillery School): 76–78. August 1971. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
- ^ "Pershing System Modular Improvement". Field Artillery Journal (United States Army Field Artillery School): 30. May 1976. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
- ^ Pershing IA System Description. Martin Marietta Aerospace. 1974. OR 13,149.
- ^ Pershing II Firing Battery. United States Army. March 1985. FM 6-11.
- ^ "The Women of Redstone Arsenal". United States Army. Archived from the original on July 11, 2010.
- ^ Busse, Charlane (July 1978). "First Women Join Pershing Training". Field Artillery Journal (United States Army Field Artillery School): 40. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
- ^ "The Journal Interviews: 1LT Elizabeth A. Tourville". Field Artillery Journal (United States Army Field Artillery School): 40–43. November 1978. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
- ^ "Missiles for Peace". Time. September 29, 1975.
- ^ Pershing II Weapon System Description. United States Army. June 1986. TM 9-1425-386-10-1.
- ^ Eskow, Dennis, ed. (January 1984). "Raining Fire". Popular Mechanics (Hearst): 119.
- ^ Harsch, Joseph (June 22, 1983). "U.S. Has Other Defense Options". Beaver County Times: A6.
- ^ Jones III, Lauris T. (Winter 1986). "The Pershing Rocket Motor". The Ordnance Magazine.
- ^ Parsch, Andreas (2002). "Martin Marietta M14/MGM-31 Pershing". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles.
- ^ "Target Reference for Pershing II". Field Artillery Journal (United States Army Field Artillery School): 36. January 1984. Archived from the original on June 17, 2011.
- ^ "The Accident in Heilbronn". Field Artillery Journal (United States Army Field Artillery School): 33. July 1985. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
- ^ Knaur, James A. (August 1986). "Technical Investigation of 11 January 1985: Pershing II Motor Fire". U.S. Army Missile Command (Defense Technical Information Center).
- ^ Davenas, Alain; Rat, Roger (July–August 2002). "Sensitivity of Solid Rocket Motors to Electrostatic Discharge: History and Futures". Journal of Propulsion and Power 18 (4).
- ^ "55th Maintenance Battalion". Donau (U.S. Army). July 16, 1982.
- ^ "Pershing II RR". United States Army.
- ^ a b "The Pershing Weapon System and Its Elimination". United States Army. Archived from the original on November 3, 2009.
- ^ "Charity: Writing Off The Weapons". Time. August 28, 1991.
- ^ "Pershing Professionals Association". Yahoo! Groups.
- ^ "PershingMissile.org". Pershing Professionals Association.
- ^ "Pershing Tower Rats 2/4th Infantry". Yahoo! Groups.
- ^ "Traditionsgemeinschaft Flugkörpergeschwader 1" [Community Tradition of Missile Wing 1] (in German).
- ^ "Traditionsgemeinschaft Flugkörpergeschwader 2" [Community Tradition of Missile Wing 2] (in German).
- Pershing Joins the Ranks (Documentary). The Big Picture. United States Army.
- Pershing 1A (Documentary). United States Army.
- Pershing: A Decade of Progress — Part 1 (Documentary). United States Army.
- Pershing: A Decade of Progress — Part 2 (Documentary). United States Army.
- The Pershing: Seventh Army Blackjack (Documentary). The Big Picture. United States Army.
- Missile Man (Documentary). The Big Picture. United States Army.
- Pershing Joins the Ranks (Documentary). The Big Picture. United States Army.
- Army Digest Number Nine: Nike Zeus-Pershing (Documentary). The Big Picture. United States Army.
- Pershing 1a (Documentary). United States Army. 1977.
- 56th Field Artillery Brigade (Documentary). United States Army. 1983.
- Missile Flight Safety for Off Range Firings into White Sands Missile Range (Documentary). United States Army. 1967.
- United States Army Research and Development - Progress Report Number Three (Documentary). United States Army. 1961.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to MGM-31 Pershing. |
- Martin, Rob. "The Pershing Missile System and the Cold War". The Cold War Museum.
- "Martin Marietta M14/MGM-31 Pershing". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles.
- "Pershing 2". GlobalSecurity.org. April 28, 2005.


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Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars have risen like a phoenix out of the ashes of war and enflamed the passions of fans across the globe with their uplifting songs of hope, faith and joy. The band is a potent example of the redeeming power of music and the ability of the human spirit to persevere through unimaginable hardship and emerge with optimism intact. From their humble beginnings in West African refugee camps Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars have performed on some of the world's most prestigious stages and matured into one of Africa's top touring and recording bands.
We are proud to announce that Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars album Radio Salone has been named CBC Music's top world music album of 2012.
...read moreThe legendary Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars return to Europe this January for an 11-city tour. One of Africa's top party bands will bring the warmth of the tropics to Ireland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Lithuania.
...read more"Radio Salone" Just $5 on Amazon
Amazon.com is offering "Radio Salone," the latest album from Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars, for just $5 the entire month of August. If you love the download, pick up the full album with its amazing artwork, or splurge on the limited edition 2LP vinyl.
Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars and Playing for Change have teamed up to bring you this amazing new video of the song "Refugee Rolling." Check out the video at
...read moreThe World Food Program USA and Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars have joined forces to bring attention to the urgent issue of global hunger. The music video for Big Fat Dog was filmed in Freetown, Sierra Leone and addresses an issue that's all too familiar to Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars: the divide between those who have plenty and those who have little.
With the release of their acclaimed third studio album Radio Salone, Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars are bringing their uplifting sounds on the road for an epic 43-city tour of North America between now and September (including 11 festivals). In July, the band will head overseas for the European leg of the Radio Salone World Tour.
...read moreRadio Salone, the third album from Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars, is available now online and at all major retailers in North America.
Cumbancha Official Store Purchase Link: http://store.cumbancha.com/album/radio-salone
Amazon.com CD Purchase Link: http://amzn.to/radiosalonecd
Amazon.com MP3 Purchase Link: http://amzn.to/radiosalonemp3
iTunes Purchase Link: http://bit.ly/radiosaloneitunes
...read moreThe globally acclaimed Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars return with their third studio album, Radio Salone, out April 24, 2012, on CD and limited-edition 2LP vinyl via Cumbancha. Produced by roots reggae, soul and Afrobeat guru Victor Axelrod, aka Ticklah, (Sharon Jones and The Dap-Kings, Amy Winehouse, Easy Star All Stars, Antibalas) and recorded in Brooklyn's Dunham Studios, Radio Salone marks the band's most musically sophisticated collection of songs to date. The album is the follow-up to the band's 2010 album Rise & Shine, which was the #1 album of the year on the World Music Charts Europe.
...read moreProduced by the legendary Victor Axelrod aka Ticklah (known for his work with Sharon Jones and The Dap-Kings, Amy Winehouse, Easy Star All Stars, Antibalas), Radio Salone marks the Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars' most musically sophisticated collection of songs to date.
Formed in West African refugee camps, Sierra Leone's Refugee All Stars have risen like a phoenix from the ashes of destruction to create this infectious and celebratory sophmore record. Produced by Steve Berlin (Los Lobos, Angélique Kidjo, Michelle Shocked, Rickie Lee Jones and Ozomatli), Rise & Shine was recorded in Freetown, Sierra Leone and New Orleans, Louisiana. Much like the band, the residents of New Orleans know both the bitterness of exile and the redemptive power of music, and the spirit of the Crescent City permeates this uplifting album.


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Glazed Peanut Butter Bars
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3/4 cup butter, softened 3/4 cup creamy peanut butter 3/4 cup sugar 3/4 cup packed brown sugar 2 teaspoons water 2 eggs 1 1/2 teaspoon vanilla 1 1/2 cups flour 1 1/2 cups quick-cooking oats 3/4 teaspoons baking soda 1/2 teaspoon salt GLAZE: 1 1/4 cups milk chocolate chips 1/2 cup butterscotch chips 1/2 cup creamy peanut butter
In a large bowl, cream butter, peanut butter, sugar, brown sugar and water. Beat in eggs and vanilla. Combine in another bow the flour, oats, baking soda and salt; gradually add to creamed mixture. Spread into a greased 15 X 10 baking pan. Bake at 325 degrees for 18-22 minutes.
GLAZE: Melt chocolate chips, butterscotch chips and peanut butter in microwave. Start with 30 seconds and stir; continue until well blended. Pour over warm bars and spread evenly. Cool completely before cutting.
Julie Dobbeleare-Castens, Moline
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From Sleeve: View of YMCA boys week parade group and float in Mt. Royal Station yard with crowd in background on sidewalk. Signs on floats read: Body, Mind, Spirit. The YMCA develops four square boys. Emulsion peeling. 1929
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Client: Mandarina dsgn
Added: May 06, 2009
Updated: April 26, 2012
Views: 2314
La Mancha font is a project born in the late 90s.
Made for the cover title of Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, not all the character set was developed.
Last year, due to the "Tipos Latinos: Latinamerican type design biennial contest" i finally developed all the set including numbers. Fortunately the font was selected with other 78 wonderful type samples amongst 420 designs.


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And why policy on
stranded costs defies
a traditional legal or
economic analysis.
There are sound economic reasons why policymakers should allow electric...
In Norway and in England and Wales, power retailers are learning hard lessons.
The U.S. electric industry has long tried to follow Thomas Edison's dictum "to sell light instead of current" (em to get beyond the meter. But what is beyond the meter at industrial and commercial sites?
In energy-intensive industries one sees processes such as smelters, pulp mills, rolling mills, refineries and chemical plants. In general manufacturing, although some electricity is used for specialized electrotechnologies, most is used for lighting, motive power, computing and robotics. On commercial premises, electricity is mainly used for lighting, air conditioning, refrigeration and computing.
What is beyond the meter is diverse and characterized by a wide range of technologies and products. These products are manufactured and marketed in different ways with different skills, many of which are a far cry from the technical and commercial skills available in the electricity supply industry. Electricity industries in the U.S. and Europe have spent a lot of money trying to go beyond the meter. Based on the diversity of what is out there, it is not surprising that they have not established a significant foothold.
More recently, gas marketers have suggested that by analogy with their activities in the gas wholesale market, they can add value in the electricity market by services such as aggregation, fuel management services, asset optimization, reliability through diversity and risk-management services. But in reality, most of these services (with the notable exception of risk management) are for the wholesale market, rather than the general retail market. Furthermore, some only exist because of inefficiencies in the gas wholesale market.
Now various people are hoping that electricity is not a commodity, and that it can be sold as a value-added product. To be skeptical, if not cynical, some seem to hope to rise in the industry on marketing magic and get bigger budgets, and some consultants are peddling snake oil. Much of the muddle in the debate has arisen because the character of power retailing has not been understood. The meaning of value added has not been clear; and there has been no experience to draw on. But we now can get a reality check from markets in England and Wales and Norway.
False Analogies
Many of the marketing activities undertaken in other competitive markets either do not apply or, perhaps more importantly, cannot be applied cost effectively in power retailing to medium and large industrial and commercial customers. It is false to draw close analogies between competitive and noncompetitive markets. What is required is a "paradigm shift."
In the 1980s, the Electric Power Research Institute promoted the concept of integrated value-based planning to shift the focus from least-cost planning and apply text-book marketing concepts to "adding value." The report concluded:
Utilities need tools and methods to help identify how best to provide value to their customers in order to respond to competitive threats, and to take advantage of market opportunities. Utility customers do not purchase kilowatts and kilowatt-hours; rather they purchase the end uses of electricity. ... They value activities or work that can be


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A Time For Home
A Snowberry Creek Novel
ISBN 9780451417718 | 336 pages | 03 Sep 2013 | Signet | 6.49 x 4.29in | 18 - AND UP
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Welcome to the small rustic town of Snowberry Creek.... As Nick Jenkins travels from the war zones of Afghanistan to his comrade's hometown, the kinds of wounds he carries with him have little to do with the shrapnel damage to his arm. Burdened with the guilt of failing to save his friend Spence, Nick is nonetheless determined to find a home for the dog that had been Spence's constant companion. Callie Redding, Spence's childhood best friend, was shocked to learn he left her his old Victorian home. She's even more surprised when one of his war buddies shows up with a dog at his side—and a heavy weight on his shoulders. As a tribute to their friend's life, Nick agrees to help Callie turn her inheritance into a welcoming bed-and-breakfast for the town of Snowberry Creek. But as they work through their grief together, they also share something far more precious—the belief that love is worth fighting for.... |
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Walmart chief marketing and merchandising officer Duncan Mac Naughton told investors during an October meeting that the retailer would have the largest share of voice during the holiday season and that was certainly evident during November, according to data released this week from Kantar Media Ad Intelligence and Placed.
Having laid a foundation of access, transparency and trust since arriving at Walmart U.S. four years ago, chief merchandising and marketing officer Duncan Mac Naughton's top priority these days is leveraging joint business planning processes with up to 300 key suppliers to tap new growth opportunities.
Top executives from Walmart will be sharing insights into the company's strategies this fall by participating in a wide range of conferences and investor event.
Walmart is kicking off its official start to the holiday season Friday, Sept. 13, with a no-fee layaway program.
Walmart U.S. chief merchandising and marketing officer Duncan Mac Naughton will have some explaining to do next week when he is scheduled to participate in the 33rd Annual William Blair Growth Stock Conference on Wednesday, June 12.
More than a dozen executives in Walmart's merchandising organization will begin the new fiscal year with different responsibilities following a restructuring announced on Thursday.
Walmart has unveiled its Black Friday circular and event times on www.Walmart.com as well as its Facebook wall and mobile app.
Facebook investors are still a disgruntled lot, but Walmart couldn't be happier with its experience with the social network.
Christmas layaway begins Sept. 14 on Facebook.
Walmart's view of the shopper is a whole lot clearer now that the company has resumed sharing point-of-sale data with the likes of Nielsen, SymphonyIRI Group and NPD. No wonder chief merchant Duncan Mac Naughton and consumer insights head Cindy Davis expect good things to happen.
For the third time in the past five months, Walmart chief merchandising and marketing officer Duncan Mac Naughton is representing Walmart at a major investor conference.
Walmart chief merchandising officer Duncan Mac Naughton was back in Canada earlier this week at the CIBC World Markets Retail and Consumer Conference in Toronto sharing a message of improved traction and accelerating momentum.
Walmart chief merchandising officer Duncan Mac Naughton was given additional responsibility for marketing on Friday, according to an internal company announcement that was obtained by Reuters
Walmart EVP merchandising Duncan Mac Naughton spoke at two events this week in Northwest Arkansas, and he said essentially the same thing on both occasions.
It's working. That was the message Walmart EVP merchandising Duncan Mac Naughton shared this week with those who attended several events in which Walmart's head merchant offered his perspective on the back-to-basics operational and merchandising philosophy on which the company's U.S. strategy is once again dependant.
Walmart chief merchandising officer Duncan Mac Naughton expressed optimism about the retailer's prospects for the holiday season and beyond late Tuesday during comments at a Bentonville Bella Vista Chamber of Commerce function with attracted more than 500 people.
Walmart announced that it is helping ensure customers pay the lowest price on holiday gifts with the launch of its Christmas price guarantee.
Competing with Walmart is nothing new for Target, but what appears to be different this holiday season compared with the last few years is, to borrow a football metaphor, Walmart has eliminated its turnovers and is now showing some signs of momentum.
BENTONVILLE, Ark. — Two years of declining same-store sales at Walmart are poised to end next month when the retailer reports third quarter results that reflect positive momentum from a wide range of initiatives put in place during the past 12 months, judging from comments made by senior executives during an all day meeting with analysts on Wednesday.
Suppliers to Walmart will have plenty of opportunities to hear from Walmart EVP merchandising Duncan Mac Naughton in the months ahead.
Senior leadership within Walmart's merchandising organization continues to undergo a transformation, as the retailer's chief merchandising officer Duncan Mac Naughton on Friday announced another round of personnel moves.
Walmart announced that it is making back-to-school shopping even easier with new store improvements.
With pricing studies, such as this one, revealing little difference between Walmart and Target, Walmart is looking to distinguish itself from the competition. The retailer announced that it is reinvigorating its price leadership promise, bringing back products its customers have asked for and simplifying its ad match policy.
It turns out the announcement earlier today by Walmart that Duncan Mac Naughton would serve as head merchant of the company's U.S. division was but one component of a more extensive shakeup at the company.


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San Francisco Symphony Orchestra
(Rochester, NY) – Since 1911, the San Francisco Symphony has been known for innovative programs that run the spectrum of traditional repertoire to music of today. This musical variety is available to all in the new radio series, San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, airing Wednesdays at 8 p.m. beginning September 11, 2013, on Classical 91.5/FM-HD 91.5-1.
Maestro Michael Tilson Thomas, music director for the symphony since 1995, leads many of these two-hour concerts, with such renowned soloists as violinists Gil Shaham, Leila Josefowicz, Itzhak Perlman, and Christian Tetzlaff, and pianists Yuja Wang and Nelson Freire. The Maestro will also welcome guest conductors Charles Dutoit, Edo de Waart, Herbert Blomstedt, and Pinchas Zukerman to the podium.
With the addition of Thomas to the symphony, he and the orchestra have been acclaimed for their musicianship, for their innovative programming, for spotlighting works by American composers, and for bringing new audiences into Davies Symphony Hall.
Pictured: San Francisco Symphony Music Director Michael Tilson Thomas
Credit: San Francisco Symphony online
WXXI is the essential, life-long educational media resource for the Greater Rochester area. WXXI puts the community first with programming that stimulates and expands thought, inspires the spirit, opens cultural horizons and promotes understanding of diverse community issues. Log on to wxxi.org for more information about our services and programs.


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"Boneless strips of chicken breasts and thighs are cooked up in a skillet with a creamy peanut butter, cocoa and cinnamon scented sauce and served over cilantro rice."
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See how to make classic peanut butter cookies.
See how to make a classic Italian chicken dish.
This chicken and rice casserole is simple and tasty.


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PICTURES: Jerry Sandusky Trial - Wednesday, June 20
Day 7 of the Jerry Sandusky child sex abuse trial in Bellefonte, Centre County.
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Jerry Sandusky Trial
Media fills the area in front of the courthouse during Jerry Sandusky's trial at the Centre County Courthouse in Bellefonte on Wednesday.
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Park bookings
Book a park
Approval is required to hold corporate, community or large private events such as weddings in a City of Sydney park. Bookings are also required to hire sports facilities.
You don't need to reserve a park for a family picnic or a barbecue. These areas can be reserved on a first-come, first-served basis.
Park booking forms are available for download below. The City is experienced and well-equipped to help make your event a success, regularly working with different types of groups.
Sydney has also been fortunate enough to be the backdrop of some well-known TV shows and internationally recognised feature films. If you would like to use a park for filming or a photo shoot, please see the section relating to film crews.
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Metta World Peace confirms deal with Knicks
The New York Knicks and forward Metta World Peace have agreed to terms on a two-year deal, Adrian Wojnarowski of Yahoo! Sports first reported. World Peace confirmed the signing in an interview on MSG TV.
"No need to look at the contract," World Peace said. "What's the number, a dollar? Just give me the paper, I gotta sign that."
Wojnarowski is reporting the deal is for two years and worth $3.2 million with the second year being a player option. Iannazzone is reporting the first year "is for roughly $1.6 million."
World Peace was waived by the Los Angeles Lakers last week when the team used its amnesty provision of the collective bargaining agreement to clear $30 million in salary and luxury tax savings. World Peace, a Queens, N.Y., native, recently told reporters he didn't want to play for anyone and wanted to go to China, coach or play in the Arena Football League.
Ron Artest Sr. told the New York Post that his son would consider retiring if the Lakers decided to waive World Peace but held out hope that World Peace would change his mind and join the Knicks.
The 33-year-old World Peace averaged 12.4 points, 5.0 rebounds and 1.5 assists per game last season in 33.7 minutes for the Lakers. World Peace weighed in on Twitter:
Where Brooklyn at?—
Metta World Peace (@MettaWorldPeace) July 15, 2013


text: KBrandon Jacobs To Rex Ryan: "It's Time To Shut Up, Fat Boy" 29,185g1 OJack DickeyProfileFollowUnfollow O Jack DickeyFiled to: New York Jets New York Giants Brandon Jacobs Rex Ryan Nfl Trashtalk News tweet 12/24/11 6:03pm 12/24/11 6:03pm eEditaDeleteBPromoteXDismissXUndismissbBlock for sitebHideEShare to KinjajShare to FacebookiShare to TwitterrGo to permalinkS Eh, it just might be. Jets lost to Jacobs's Giants, 29-14. [via Mike Garafolo] 4 replies | Discuss 4 replies | Discuss


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Keck Array
Keck Array | |
Location | South Pole |
Wavelength | 150 GHz |
Telescope style | Radio telescope |
Website | www.cfa.harvard.edu/CMB/keckarray |
The Keck Array is a CMB polarization experiment, part of a CMB polarization project including BICEP2. The experiment will consist of several microwave polarimeters located at the South Pole. The purpose of the experiment is to measure the B-modes (curl component) of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation.[1]
Members of the scientific collaboration working on the Keck Array include Caltech, JPL, the University of Minnesota, Harvard University, the University of Chicago, Stanford University, Case Western Reserve, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the University of Toronto, and Cardiff University.
Three polarimeters were deployed to the South Pole in December 2010, with two more following a year later.


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Is this a good for people without pet as well or would you suggest any other model ?
If you're looking to spend far less on a name, the WindTunnel is a great vacuum to watch for. Consumer Reports ranked it above all the Dyson models the last time I checked.
http://www.amazon.com/Hoover-Wind...B002HFA5 |
That hoover windtunnel was rated number 1 in the most recent Consumer reports review (march 2012). That said, they did not review the Dyson DC40 or DC41 (or any of the current gen dysons as far as I can tell) |
got mine about a month ago from this same vendor via Ebay. It came very fast and in a brown box. All the items except the canister (which was a tiny bit dusty) look completely brand new. The attachments and everything snapped in great.
It works great on carpet and hardwood/tile floors. I use the extension to clean my fans and baseboards without bending or stretching. Great buy, not regretting it for a second. |
They reviewed the bagless DC41 and it came in like 24th.. They said the DC28 was much better. I'm not sure how that can be.. Maybe this link will work: http://web.ebscohost.c |
I love my DC41 animal. I bought it from the same vendor last month though for about $60 more though =/ I do hope they will price match their new listing. I have sent them an inquiry for this. If not I wonder if ebay buyer protection will help at all with this... |
I paid $500 each for two new ones as gifts to my daughter...this is a smokin deal!!! These work great!!!
YMMV=You got a better chance of seeing God!
Thread Tools | Search this Thread |
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Dyson DC41 Animal Upright Vacuum w/ Mini Turbine Tool (refurb) $289.99 FREE shipping @ Ebay | njpete | Hot Deals | 36 | 11-16-2012 09:10 AM |
Hoover WindTunnel T-Series Purely Pet Bagless Upright Vacuum (UH70100) $76 After Rebate & More + Free Shipping or In-store Pickup | calistyle | Hot Deals | 0 | 09-16-2012 08:53 PM |
Dyson DC41 Animal Upright Vacuum $399.99 fs @ ebay via vw | Cookie21 | Hot Deals | 3 | 05-15-2012 10:20 AM |
Overstock.com: Dyson DC28 Animal Upright Vacuum (Refurbished) - $310 Shipped AC | gabe23111 | Hot Deals | 4 | 10-27-2011 05:00 AM |
Dyson DC25 Animal Upright Vacuum with Bonus Accessory Kit $400, down from $550 | MathNinja | Hot Deals | 0 | 09-29-2011 02:29 PM |


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What would you do for bitcoin.
The fun marketplace.
Buy. Sell. Have fun.
I will give you 5, 3-point mycokerewards code for 0.10 BTC ($ 0.52)
I have a bunch of coke rewards that are unused and ready to be redeemed at mycokerewards.com (by pogi23)
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Pittsburgh Guitars is an authorized
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The Vintage Modified Precision Bass® TB features a Fender®-designed humbucking pickup at the neck, classic string-through, dual brass-saddle bridge. and glorious sunburst-over-ash-veneer finish. | The retro inspired Vintage Modified Jazz Bass® from Squier® brings the true spirit of rhythm and groove to the table. Features include a one-piece maple neck with black binding and block inlays on a maple fingerboard and Duncan Designed™ Jazz Bass® pickups. | Affinity Series™ basses represent the best value in solid-body electric bass guitar design. With its comfortable neck and classic tone, the Affinity Series™ P Bass® is the natural choice whether you're just starting, need a bass for occasional use, or just want a solid workhorse instrument that's as easy to own as it is to play.
Affinity Series™ basses represent the best value in solid-body electric bass guitar design. The Squier® Affinity Series™ J Bass® features a rosewood fingerboard, two single-coil Jazz Bass® pickups and a top-load bridge. Now available in Brown Sunburst. |
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The Classic Vibe Stratocaster® '50s featurs an alder body, vintage-tint gloss-maple neck (Two-Color Sunburst and Olympic White models only) with maple fingerboard and 21 medium-jumbo frets. That long-familiar tone comes from a custom set of alnico III single-coil pickups, Custom staggered polepieces provide improved string-to-string balance. |
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This beautiful 3-Color Sunburst over Alder model features a double bound body and mint green pickguard. The vintage tint gloss maple neck with rosewood fingerboard has 21 medium-jumbo frets and a modern 9.5" radius -- other features include vintage style tuners and a 3-saddle bridge with threaded saddles, and a custom set of AlNiCo V single-coil pickups.
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Crest the perfect wave of Squier sound with the all-new Vintage Modified Surf Stratocaster, which features highly distinctive tube-style pickups and classically colorful finishes that evoke the sand, sun and fun vibe of Fender's early-'60s golden age. Features include a basswood body, maple neck with vintage-tint gloss finish, and three Duncan Designed™ LS-102 for Strat® single-coil pickups with five-way pickup switch, vintage-style synchronized tremolo bridge with vintage-style tremolo arm, vintage-style chrome tuners, chrome hardware and engraved neck plate. |
The semi-hollowbody Vintage Modified Telecaster® Thinline guitar positively chimes with buttery jangle-pop goodness, hot-rodded for your listening pleasure with twin Duncan Designed™ Telecaster® pickups. The classic '69-era vibe comes courtesy of its distinctive "F"-hole design, knurled chrome knobs and vintage 6-saddle bridge.
The Tele® Custom is an affordable hybrid of two popular Telecaster® designs. Fusing a '72 Tele® Custom with a Tele® Deluxe, this guitar features a bolt-on maple neck with a maple fingerboard, two high-output humbucking pickups with independent volume and tone controls and a three-way pickup selector switch. | With its offset waist and contoured body the new Vintage Modified Jazzmaster® gives a nod to its iconic forbearer but has other things going for it that make it truly 'modified.' A unique top-loading hard tail bridge features string saddles, the bridge is anchored at the rear of the plate while the front sits atop height adjustment screws. A custom set of Duncan Designed™ pickups feature a vintage toned neck pickup and higher output bridge pickup. Other features include '62 Jazz Bass® concentric volume/tone controls, vintage style tuners and a comfortable one-piece maple neck.
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The Squier® Jagmaster features a vintage tinted 24" scale neck with Pearloid dot inlays, six screw-style tremolo bridge and Duncan Designed™ humbucking pickups make this axe a cut above the crowd. Available in Three-color Sunburst (500) with tortoise pickguard and Black (506) with parchment pickguard. | Squier's special-edition Black and Chrome Stratocaster guitar is edgy with classic appeal. Features include a gloss black finish with matching headstock, and pickguard and hardware with that much sought-after chrome look. This guitar is an amazing value, and is designed and backed by Fender®!
The Squier® Black and Chrome Series Standard Telecaster® guitar is edgy, but with classic appeal. Features include two single-coil pickups, three-way switching, a gloss black finish with matching headstock, and pickguards and hardware with that much sought-after chrome look. | Affinity Series™ guitars represent the best value in solid-body electric guitar design. Dressed in eye-popping finishes, the Affinity Series™ Stratocaster® features a bolt-on maple neck with either a rosewood or maple fingerboard, three single coil pickups and synchronous tremolo system. | ||||||
New and different models arriving all the time.
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02-18-2007, 07:46 AM #1Jersey Retired
- Join Date
- Jan 1970
- Posts
- 7,005
Scuffing baseball could lead to 10-game suspension for non-pitchers
Major League Baseball makes some quirky rule changes for the first time in 13 years.Kentucky Vikes Fan
When you require nothing, you get nothing; when you expect nothing, you will find nothing; when you embrace nothing, all you will have is nothing.
Re: Scuffing baseball could lead to 10-game suspension for non-pitchers
Under another change, a player may no longer step into a dugout to catch a foul ball. He still will be allowed to reach into a dugout.
Another change is, a batter who hits an apparent game-ending home run with less than two outs would be allowed to circle the bases if a runner ahead of him doesn't continue to home plate, thinking the game is over. If there are two outs when the play begins, however, the runner who abandons trying for home plate would be the third out and the home run would not count.
I like these.
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So SOTD is facing a 4 game suspension....
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mixon gets a two game suspension
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Mixon gets 2 game suspension
By AngloVike in forum Vikings Fan ForumReplies: 2Last Post: 07-27-2004, 10:24 AM


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UPDATED 7:44 PM HST Jan 17, 2013A 43-year-old man is recovering following a shark attack on the Big Island.
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Andy and Robyn Bubulka Web Site
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Susan Holmes
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Genealogy surnames I am researching:
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Susan Holmes
My work is a continuation of those who have gone before me. I was recently handed down the title of family historian. I am so thankful for all those before me who shared my interest and gave me a great start. My work has continued for the last 30 years, to which I am also grateful that I started my search for answers at an early age. I am and addict, and my husband is a genealogy widow. This to me is a job that is never done and to find new information is an ultimate high.
5 years ago
Shirley Ann Dreaden
Susan Holmes is not the Susan Hassenmiller Holmes that connected to the Heathington family. Susan's mother was Helen Heathington Shelton who died this year and is a sister to my mother, Hazel Heathington Campbell Ekiss. Maybe this Susan is connected to tihe Hassenmiller family.
2 years ago
Susan Holmes
I am Susan Annette Pierce/Alcorn/Black/Holmes daughter of Cecil and Peggy Nutsch/Pierce Granddaughter of Venus and Marie Pierce, Henry and Alta Nutsch, Great grand daughter of John and Alice Pierce, Andrew and Louise Blum, Paul and Crezenzcia Nutsch, Francis and Rosa Lea McCollum
2 years ago
Anna Baca
Susan posted a picture of the grave of Isam Looney. I believe that he is my gggg(4!) grandfather. My grandmother was Alma Looney, who lived in Walnut Grove and Springfield, MO.
Anna Blakemore Baca
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'Build Your Own Rain Barrel' workshop in Arlington Nov. 3
ARLINGTON — The Snohomish Conservation District is conducting a "Build Your Own Rain Barrel" workshop on Saturday, Nov. 3, at the Pioneer Hall in Arlington.
The class runs from 10 a.m. to noon, and is intended to help homeowners learn how to collect and make use of rainwater.
The class is co-sponsored by the Washington Department of Ecology, and is part of an overall healthy-waters initiative to reduce the effects of polluted run-off on the Stillaguamish River.
Participants should bring their own tools and drills, if they have them.
This is an event for adults and teens, so no young children, please.
The cost to make a rain barrel is $18, and includes the barrel and all the required hardware.
In order to have enough barrels, you must pre-register at http://barrels.eventbrite.com by midnight on Thursday, Nov 1.
For more information, please contact Stacy Aleksich at 425-335-5634, ext. 112.
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This botanically rich, non-greasy daily lotion naturally delivers deep, long-lasting hydration. Highly concentrated, soothing Aloe Vera Gel instantly relieves discomforts of dry, irritated, sun damaged or newly shaven skin. With use, skin is calmed, balanced and nurtured back to its healthy-looking best.
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Baby Name Meanings
Search 30,000 Unique Baby Name MeaningsRudger
The name Rudger is a baby boy name.
Teutonic Meaning:
The name Rudger is a Teutonic baby name. In Teutonic the meaning of the name Rudger is: Famous fighter.
People with this name have a deep inner desire to lead, organize, supervise, and to achieve status, power and wealth.
Expression Number: 1People with this name tend to initiate events, to be leaders rather than followers, with powerful personalities. They tend to be focused on specific goals, experience a wealth of creative new ideas, and have the ability to implement these ideas with efficiency and determination. They tend to be courageous and sometimes aggressive. As unique, creative individuals, they tend to resent authority, and are sometimes stubborn, proud, and impatient.
30,000 baby names with their meanings, popular baby boy and baby girl names, pregnancy advice, baby names book...


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Chicago Blackhawks Gear
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You've had your Blackhawks hat since the days when Bobby Hull was on the ice at the original Madhouse on Madison. You have probably been told it's time to get a new one. You'll love to stick with the traditional styling of this Chicago Blackhawks Vintage Reardon adjustable cap. Featuring classic Blackhawks colors with the team name and logo in 3D embroidery on the crown, this hat is the ultimate in Blackhawks throwback flair!
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Why Buy another one?
by Granpere on 07/28/2011.
Trim: 2004 Lexus RX 330 2WD, Owned 7 years.
Bought new in 2004, now have over 100,000 trouble free miles. Easy on gas, tires and brakes. Comfortable and still great looking after 7 years. Maintained by Dealer and getting ready for a cross country trip.
Maintenance is a bit pricy, but you get what you pay for and it is a worthwhile investment.
Overall review:
I might buy another one, but why? This one is still going great. Its the first car I have kept over 100K. I am comparing this to three previously owned Audis.
Review ID: #553620
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Luxorious SUV
by Sparky on 04/20/2011.
Trim: 2004 Lexus RX 330 4WD, Owned 4 years.
Overall review:
Love this vehicle. Would buy another in a flash
Review ID: #552087
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Bad in a good way.
by Johnnie Mae on 05/14/2010.
Trim: 2004 Lexus RX 330 4WD, Owned 6 years.
I own a RX 330, I recommend this sporty vehicle to anyone. I just LOVE it. I am really thinking about buying 2010, WHAT DO YOU THINK?
Overall review:
Review ID: #547128
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Best SUV
by Steve from Seattle on 07/11/2008.
Trim: 2004 Lexus RX 330 4WD, Owned 4 years.
Absolute reliability. 87,000 miles, city and highway, on and off road - and it just keeps purring down the road. Very good on brake and tire wear, mechanically the best car I've ever owned.
The back up camera has burned out once and the HVAC system is unpredictable. Dual zone heating and cooling is undetectable. Cost of parts is very high.
Overall review:
Excellent vehicle - first one I will ever drive over 100k miles, despite the very expensive 90k service. That includes timing belt, tuneup, and a host of "make it new" maintenance items.
Review ID: #530207
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Still NOT bad
by Tony on 04/18/2008.
Trim: 2004 Lexus RX 330 4WD, Owned 4 years.
Everything they say about it is true quiet ride, nice controls, and a good looking suv. I like the back up camera the most. highway about 22.5 mpg I don't do city that much to worry about the possible 18 mpg .
It could be the bad roads in Maryland rt 83 highway to be exact..and the bridges r the worst, but my rx330 fells bounces and needs aleigment every 4 months and tire rotated every 3months for a better ride that just seems like a lot to me. I cant take it into the city or it feels like it will fall apart ,not good for a lux suv.. what do I need to do buy a tank.
Overall review:
not a bad suv.
Review ID: #526673
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Kyocera Melo S1300 Phone
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