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Student Reviews Eleana I had an active role as a member of the Iranian Jewish Club. I started my freshman year as a model for one of their fashion shows and continued to grow each year, taking on a new role in the club. My senior year I was appointed President of the club and was able to practice my leadership skills. Students at NYU are from all over the world. You can't go 5 minutes without hearing a different language being spoken. NYU is a great place for anyone who is interested in learning about others. You get a lot of culture at NYU that is not bound to those who live locally. See Complete Review » Current student? Review this college! Search by College Reviewer Read All 401 Student Reviews
Student Ratings 1= Low/Not Active10 = High/Very Active 6 Professors Accessible 7 Intellectual Life 8 Campus Safety 7 Political Activity 2 Sports Culture 8 Arts Culture 2 Greek life 8 Alcohol Use 6 Drug Culture
Additional Info History Campus Location Traditions Alums Sports Facts Dorms In early April 1831, a group of prominent New Yorkers headed by former US Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin established NYU. Unlike many other American colleges at the time, NYU was non-denominational. Gallatin stated that his objective was to create 'a system of rational and practical education fitting for all and graciously open to all.' At that time higher education was generally available only to students from moneyed families, and Gallatin wanted NYU to be 'a center of higher learning that would be open to all.' Originally, NYU operated two campuses. The University Heights campus in the Bronx originally housed the undergraduate School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Engineering. The downtown Washington Square campus served largely as the home of NYU's School of Law. However, after a financial crisis struck the university in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Bronx campus was sold and the downtown Washington Square facilities were updated to house the entire university. Centered on Greenwich Village's Washington Square Park, NYU's campus is unlike most college campuses in the sense that it is essentially a group of buildings scattered throughout a city neighborhood, where students mingle with residents and tourists on the sidewalks and in stores and restaurants. The park, where many students kill time between classes, serves as NYU's unofficial "quad"; even though the Washington Square Arch is part of this public park, it has become synonymous with NYU. In the 1990s, NYU expanded into Union Square, a ten-minute walk from Washington Square Park. The Bobst Library, an imposing 12-story building, serves approximately 6,800 users per day. NYU's Skirball Center is the largest theater in Manhattan south of 42nd St. that has hosted events ranging from a speech by Al Gore to a season finale of Donald Trump's "The Apprentice." Manhattan's Greenwich Village is one of the city's most historic and vibrant areas. Washington Square Park has been a hub of politics and culture for well over a century, and was a favorite haunt of artists ranging from Mark Twain and William S. Burroughs to Bob Dylan and Rosario Dawson. Long characterized as the center of the Beat movement and a haven for artists and bohemians, due to gentrification and the ever-increasing cost of housing, the village is currently home to more mainstream cultural figures, including celebrities like Liv Tyler, Anna Wintour, and Phillip Seymour Hoffman. Today, the Village is an ideal setting for those who are new to the city. There is enough cultural diversity to keep one occupied for days on end, and the area lacks some of the rough edges that had previously scared away outsiders. There are countless bars and restaurants to entertain students on the weekends, and if that gets old, the rest of the city is only a subway ride away. New York City's subway system runs all day and night, taking NYU students almost anywhere within the city of eight million. Any student will tell you that New York is home to some of the finest entertainment that the world has to offer – food, shopping, concerts, bars, Broadway shows, film, art, sports, you name it – so if you're bored, you're not trying. After the All-University Commencement, students jump into the fountain in the center of Washington Square Park in their caps and gowns. As part of the graduation ceremonies, President John Sexton invites graduating seniors to the top floor of the Kimmel Center for champagne and strawberries. Strawberry Fest is a street fair on West 4th St. held at the beginning of every spring. The All-University Games pits students from each school against one another in competitions including sumo wrestling, tug of war, and dodgeball. Many students participate in the yearly Relay for Life event in Coles Gym to support the American Cancer Society. Billy Crystal (1970) actor/producer, appeared in movies like When Harry Met Sally, City Slickers, and Analyze This Philip Seymour Hoffman (1989) Oscar-winning actor, appeared in movies such as: Capote, Boogie Nights, and Almost Famous Adam Sandler (1991) Actor/Comedian, appeared in movies like Happy Gilmore, the Wedding Singer and Big Daddy Clive Davis, (1953) founder of Arista Records Howard Cosell (1938) Legendary sportscaster Allan Greenspan (1948) former chairman of the Federal Reserve Arthur Agatston (1973) creator of the South Beach Diet Paul Tagliabue (1965) commissioner of the NFL NYU's athletics program is usually spoken of in a mocking tone. The teams were originally called the Violets, but were recently changed to the Bobcats in a play on the school's Bobst Library. NYU's teams largely compete in Division III or the UAA. The women's basketball team is probably the most successful team, with a national championship to its' name. NYU has recently attempted to gain more student support with the "Tear It Up" and "Real College Night" events, where they encourage students to attend sports games by offering free food and drinks. The success of these events have been marginal. From 2004 to 2007, the Princeton Review ranked NYU as the country's "#1 dream school" based on a survey of college applicants asking students what school they would most like to attend if acceptance rates and tuition costs were of no concern. Although Greek life is not currently prevalent at the school, the organizations Zeta Psi, Alpha Epsilon Pi, and Delta Sigma Pi were founded at NYU. The WB drama "Felicity" was set at the fictional University of New York, modeled after NYU. NYU has recently completed a deal to build a campus in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates. The Will Smith vehicle "I Am Legend" was shot around NYU's campus. NYU has two main dormitory communities: the predominantly freshman dorms – Hayden, Rubin, Weinstein, and Goddard – are located around Washington Square Park, and the community near Union Square - Palladium, Carlyle Court, Coral Towers, and University Hall. The rest of the dorms are scattered throughout downtown Manhattan. Weinstein Hall has the distinction of being the only pre-1980 residence hall built specifically for NYU students, as the rest are converted apartments or hotels. It also has a two-level dining hall known as "Upstein" and "Downstein." Despite their smaller rooms, students in Weinstein are known for being more sociable, and many parties are thrown inside this dorm. Palladium Hall is named after the Palladium Club that the building used to house. There is also a dining hall and a full-scale gymnasium in the dorm. It largely houses sophomores and fulltime MBA students. NYU is currently constructing a high-rise dorm on 12th St. that will replace the downtown Water St. dorm. The construction of this dorm has been contested by many community members who oppose NYU's expansion in the Village.
Similar Schools Columbia University in the City of New York Brown University Cornell University University of Pennsylvania Northwestern University


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A house in the McKinley Park neighborhood of Chicago is a relic from when the area was home to an explosive industry. Geoffrey Baer tells us about the history and uncertain future of this landmark home, in this week's edition of Ask Geoffrey.
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Keep your little bundle of joy comfortable with these aden + anais swaddling wraps. In white/multi.
Product Features:
- Turtle, owl, bee and solid designs lend adorable appeal.
- Cotton muslin construction is gentle on baby's delicate skin.
- Pre-washed fabric keeps its shape.
Product Details:
- 4-pack
- 44" x 44"
- Cotton
- Machine wash
- Imported
- Promotional offers available online at Kohls.com may vary from those offered in Kohl's stores.


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While an astonishing achievement in technology, storytelling and gameplay, what is the true triumph of Uncharted 2 is how the game exceeds the sum of these parts.
The Best Video Game Swag: Fall 2011
Video game swag is one of our favorite things. It's not enough for you to purchase the biggest AAA titles and see them through to completion? Need...
Uncharted: Your Guide To Uncharted: Drake's Fortune, Uncharted 2: Among Thieves, and Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception
Need a guide to the world of Uncharted? Nathan Drake is a bit of a Renaissance man. He's been there, done that, and has the long-sleeved henley to...
Uncharted Bundle Features Uncharted: Drake's Fortune and Uncharted 2: Among Thieves For Only $39.99
Sony has just announced the Uncharted Greatest Hits Dual Pack, a bundle that will feature both of the critically acclaimed PlayStation 3...
Uncharted Movie Problems - Why Video Game Movies Suck: Sessler's Soapbox
As you probably already know, the internet is a bit upset with David O. Russell and his casting of Mark Wahlberg as the lead in his Uncharted movie...
More Uncharted 3 Details, Screenshots; Teaser Trailer Released
Naughty Dog has release a few more details and some stunning new screenshots for its newly announced Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception. The...
Uncharted 2 Video Center
Get a leg up on the Uncharted 2 multiplayer competition with our map walkthroughs and all the videos from X-Play's Uncharted 2 Special.
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Uncharted 2 Multiplayer Map Walkthrough - The Train Wreck
Learn the secrets and strategies for Uncharted 2's multiplayer map "The Train Wreck" from Justin Richmond, multiplayer designer at Naughty Dog.
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Uncharted 2 Multiplayer Map Walkthrough - The Sanctuary
Do battle in "The Sanctuary", one of Uncharted 2's multiplayer arenas. Learn the secrets of the map straight from Naughty Dog.
My X-Play 1000Th Episode Poster
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I Can't Believe It's Come To This.
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Anime Corner Farewell Tour! March...
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I bought 2 of these & they both look great. My 11 yr old son put them together himself, so very easy. They look great.
Adorable accent table. Sturdy legs and heavy glass top make it a solid table. It required minimal assembly (10 minutes). This is definitely a cute accent table, worth the $$.
The stablerlizer component was not shipped, therfore we could not use the table (unbalanced) To date we have NOT gotten the proper part sent. We were sent some screws which we did not need. It seems the manufacturer no longer has the item, and they do not stock parts. We are looking to send the defective item back.
Lovely side table, looks very nice next to a chair. easy to put together.
Love these tables in my new basement. The are really different end tables. The scallop metal around the edge really sets it off.
I finally got my end table after two months, It was easy to put together and look good in my studio apartment
Just opened the box and with in 30 minutes the tables are put together and in there new place. I like the look and over all I am very happy with the product.
love the table, easy to put together. about 10 min., perfect between 2 chairs
Usually leaves our warehouse in 1-2 business days. *
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J-1 Students
How to Maintain J-1 Student StatusTo stay in lawful J-1 student status in the United States, you must remember these important requirements: Report to the OIS within ... | |
J-1 Student EmploymentEmployment is any type of work performed or services rendered in exchange for money, tuition, fees, books, supplies, room, food or any other benefit. If you receive ... | |
Traveling Outside the United StatesTo re-enter the U.S., you need to have the following documents: a valid passport, ... | |
DS-2019 ExtensionsIf you require more time to complete the requirements for your degree due to academic or medical reasons, then you may apply for an extension of your DS-2019. ... | |
J-2 DependentsAn exchange visitor's spouse or child enters the U.S. in J-2 status and may stay for as long as the J-1 person is authorized to remain. ... |


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Q-Tip Reacts To Consequence's MTV Comments, Says "I Gave The Nigga A Look"
It's not been a happy afternoon for the former band-mates and cousins, as Q-Tip takes to Twitter to tell the world that Cons "doesn't know what he's talking about."
This afternoon, Queens, New York emcee Consequence appeared on MTV's Rap Fix Live. Hosted by Sway Calloway, the veteran told live viewers that he's no longer affiliated with G.O.O.D. Music, who released Cons' first solo album, Don't Quit Your Day Job in 2007. Additionally, the onetime member of A Tribe Called Quest stated that he's longer professionally affiliated with the group's founding member, Q-Tip, who is Consequence's blood cousin.
Both Kanye West and Q-Tip were said to be executive producing Consequence's sophomore solo album, Cons TV, which had been planned for release on Universal Motown Records since 2009.
Among Consequence's many notable comments and accusations, the emcee called himself "the glue" within A Tribe Called Quest on the group's fourth album, 1996's Beats, Rhymes, and Life, which was during the period in which Cons was a member. Specifically, Consequence claimed that he calmed tensions between group members Q-Tip and Phife Dawg. Watching the streamable interview, Q-Tip reacted via Twitter with, "GLUE? I gave the nigga a look." The quote, directed at Consequence, refers to ATCQ's including the aspiring, teenaged emcee on their 1993 b-side single "The Chase," as well as later opportunities.
GLUE?? I gave the nigga a look.
Subsequently, Q-Tip publicly apologized to MTV Rap Fix Live's host Sway Calloway (on Twitter) for his cousin's behavior. The emcee/producer, who just yesterday, was announced as a headliner to the seventh annual Brooklyn Hip-Hop Festival, also refuted additional comments Consequence made in the segment. "He doesn't know what he's talking about," tweeted a clearly frustrated Q-Tip.
He DOESN'T know what he's talking abt
HipHopDX will keep you updated.
RELATED: Consequence Cites Lines He Claims Pusha T Stole From Him [NEWS]
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Kellen Winslow
No. 80
Tight end | |||||||||
Personal information
Date of birth: | November 5, 1957|||||||||
Place of birth: St. Louis, Missouri | |||||||||
Career information
High school: East St. Louis (IL) | |||||||||
College: Missouri | |||||||||
NFL Draft: 1979 / Round: 1 / Pick: 13 | |||||||||
Debuted in 1979 for the San Diego Chargers | |||||||||
Last played in 1987 for the San Diego Chargers | |||||||||
Career history
Career highlights and awards
Career NFL statistics
Pro Football Hall of Fame | |||||||||
College Football Hall of Fame |
Kellen Boswell Winslow Sr. (born November 5, 1957) is a former American professional football player in the National Football League (NFL). A member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he is widely recognized as one of the greatest tight ends in the league's history.[1] Winslow played his entire NFL career from 1979 to 1987 with the San Diego Chargers after being selected in the first round of the 1979 NFL Draft. He played college football for the University of Missouri, where he was a consensus All-American. He was also inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Winslow became the athletic director at Central State University in 2008.[2] Winslow was announced as the new vice president for athletics and wellness at Lakeland College (Wisconsin) on August 16, 2012.[3]
Early life[edit]
This section requires expansion. (June 2013) |
Winslow did not play high school football until his senior year. Until then, he was a self-described "nerd" who played chess.[4]
College career[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (June 2013) |
Professional career[edit]
He was drafted in the first round of the 1979 NFL Draft by the Chargers and played for them until 1987, when he retired from football due to injury. After a knee injury prematurely ended his rookie season, Winslow, as part of Air Coryell, led the NFL in receptions in 1980 and 1981, becoming the first tight end ever to lead the league in receptions in back to back seasons. He also exceeded the 1,000 yards receiving milestone in 3 different seasons, including setting an NFL single season record for receiving yards by a tight end with 1,290 yards in the 1980 season. The record stood until Rob Gronkowski totaled 1,327 in 2011.[5] In a 1981 regular season game, Winslow tied an NFL record by catching five touchdown passes.
In a 1981–82 playoff game against the Miami Dolphins that became known as The Epic in Miami, Winslow caught a playoff record 13 passes for 166 yards and a touchdown, while also blocking a field goal with seconds remaining to send the game to overtime in one of the greatest single player efforts in NFL history. Winslow's yardage total stood as the playoff record for tight ends for 30 years until Vernon Davis's 180 yards in 2012.[6] What made Winslow's performance all the more memorable was that fact during the game he was treated for a pinched nerve in his shoulder, dehydration, severe cramps, and received three stitches in his lower lip. After the game, a picture of Winslow being helped off the field by his teammates[7] became an enduring image in NFL Lore.
Tight ends prior to Winslow were primarily blockers lined up next to an offensive lineman and ran short to medium drag routes.[8] Winslow was put in motion so he would not be jammed at the line, or he was lined up wide or in the slot against a smaller cornerback.[9] Former Chargers assistant coach Al Saunders said Winslow was "a wide receiver in an offensive lineman's body."[8] Chargers head coach Don Coryell said, "If we're asking Kellen to block a defensive end and not catch passes, I'm not a very good coach[10] Back then, defenses would cover Winslow with a strong safety or a linebacker, as zone defenses were not as popular.[11] Strong safeties in those times were almost like another linebacker, a run defender who could not cover a tight end as fast as Winslow. Providing another defender to help the strong safety opened up other holes.[12] Former head coach Jon Gruden called Winslow the first "joker" in the NFL. He could line up unpredictably in any formation from a three-point stance as a blocker to a two-point stance or being in motion as a receiver.[13] Head coach Bill Belichick notes that the pass-catching tight ends who get paid the most money are "all direct descendants of Kellen Winslow" and that there are fewer tight ends now who can block on the line.[13]
Winslow played in five Pro Bowls, was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1995, and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2002. In his nine NFL seasons, Winslow caught 541 passes for 6,741 yards and 45 touchdowns. Kellen was a consensus All-Pro in 1980, 1981, and 1982. He is also a member of the NFL's 75th Anniversary All-Time Team. He was the San Diego Chargers' honorary captain at Super Bowl XXIX, and one of seven participants in the game's pregame coin toss, joining fellow 75th Anniversary Team members Otto Graham, Mean Joe Greene, Ray Nitschke and Gale Sayers, as well as fellow PBHOF Class of 1995 members Steve Largent, then a U.S. Congressman, and Lee Roy Selmon. Winslow worked as a college football announcer with Fox Sports Net. In 2008, he was appointed the Athletic Director of Central State University in Ohio.
In 1999, he was ranked number 73 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players of all time.
Football family[edit]
Winslow's son, Kellen Winslow II, also plays tight end in the NFL. Winslow II was drafted in the first round of the 2004 NFL Draft from the Miami Hurricanes by the Cleveland Browns, the team the Chargers traded with to draft the elder Winslow in 1979. He wore his father's jersey No. 80 when he played for the Cleveland Browns, as a sign of respect for his accomplishments.
- ^ "Tight end rankings: Do Sharpe, Gonzalez deserve top spot?". USA Today. 2008-07-21.
- ^ Winslow Sr. hired to guide Central State into full Division II membership – College Sports – ESPN
- ^ Lakeland College, Sheboygan WI
- ^ Jaworski 2010, p.91
- ^ "Rob Gronkowski sets TE yardage mark". ESPNBoston.com. January 1, 2012. Archived from the original on January 3, 2012.
- ^ Hoffman, Ben (January 17, 2012). "Davis's Performance Recalls Winslow's 'Epic' Day". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 20, 2012.
- ^ Chargers.com – News » Headlines » Chargers epic '82 playoff win in Miami
- ^ a b Jaworski, Ron (2010). The Games That Changed the Game: The Evolution of the NFL in Seven Sundays. Random House. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-345-51795-1.
- ^ Jaworski 2010, p.81.
- ^ "Ex-Chargers coach Don Coryell dies". Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Jaworski 2010, p.93
- ^ Jaworski 2010, pp.93–94
- ^ a b Jaworski 2010, p.112
External links[edit]
- Pro Football Hall of Fame: Member profile
- Video Top 100 NFL Players #67
Awards | ||
Preceded by Debbie Brown Ann Meyers Drysdale Dale Kramer Kenneth MacAfee Warren Moon Gifford Nielsen |
Silver Anniversary Awards (NCAA) Class of 2004 Trish Millines Dziko Bruce Furniss Virginia Gilder Stacey Johnson Gregory Kelser Kellen Winslow |
Succeeded by Mark Johnson Gary Lawrence Paul McDonald Greg Meredith Joan Benoit Samuelson Dave Stoldt |
- 1957 births
- Living people
- African-American players of American football
- All-American college football players
- American Conference Pro Bowl players
- American football tight ends
- College Football Hall of Fame inductees
- Missouri Tigers football players
- People from St. Clair County, Illinois
- People from St. Louis, Missouri
- Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
- San Diego Chargers players


text:
Monitoring Windows Vista in Essentials 2007 is made easy by using the Windows Vista Monitoring Management Pack which released earlier this month.
It's available here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=a2d42208-d4fd-46a6-9e8d-0ff7694b5634&DisplayLang=en
Before importing this MP you'll need to delete the "Windows Client Vista Operating Systems Essentials" management pack in the Essentials 2007 console Administration space. Otherwise, you'll receive the error message below:
Once you have deleted this MP you'll need to import the Microsoft.Windows.Client.Vista.mp file that is placed in %ProgramFiles%\System Center Operations Manger 2007 Management Packs\Microsoft Windows Vista Client Management Pack by the Microsoft Windows Vista Client Management Pack System Center Operations Manager 2007.msi installation package.
Please be sure to read the MPGuide that comes with the management pack to understand how its monitors Vista.
hi dusting, when i delete MP delete the "Windows Client Vista Operating Systems Essentials", delete show me that i need delete MP default management pack. can you help me?


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Installing the OCS software
For office Windows machines, the Office Communicator client will be distributed automatically via LANDesk.
For Macintosh computers, the Mac Messenger software can be downloaded via http://www.microsoft.com/mac/downloads.mspx . At the bottom of the page, you will see "Messenger for Mac" under the Products list in the "Browse for Downloads" section. You will want to choose "Microsoft Messenger for Mac 7.0.2". Once installed, you will also need to install a certificate file (attached to this email) by following the instructions at the bottom of this document.
To sign in, enter your email address using the @smu.edu format.
If you need a client on a mobile device or Linux machine, simply go to im.smu.edu to run a temporary client for messaging.
Available Components
At this time, IM, presence is available for OCS participants.
Presence indicators will now appear in communicator as well as in Outlook. A round icon appears next to each name or email address. This icon will indicate their presence using different colors:
· Green=Available
· Red=In A Meeting
· Yellow= Away/Inactive
· Red with Line in the middle—Do Not Disturb
Presence will automatically change to "In a Meeting" whenever you have a meeting appointment booked in your Exchange calendar. It will also automatically reflect your Out of Office information. You can manually change your status in Communicator if necessary.
1. Click on the arrow next to the main presence indicator
2. Select your desired status
Locating contacts
1. Enter the email address of the person in the search box
2. Drag the contact from the search results into the contact list
Building Groups
You can organize your contacts into groups. This will allow you to quickly send a message to the entire group simply by selecting the group contact.
1. Right click on the Contacts title or other group title
2. Select Create New Group
3. Enter a name for the group and press enter
4. Drag existing contacts into the group
Sending a message
1. Double click on the individual or group in your contact list
2. Type your message and hit enter
Starting a screen sharing session
1. Either begin a chat session with the contact or right click on the contact name
2. Click Share and select which monitor/applications etc. you wish to share with the individual
Inviting additional attendees to a chat
1. Click on the Invite icon within the chat window
2. Select Invite a Contact
3. Select the appropriate contact
Setting your location
1. Click on the arrow next to the main presence indicator
2. Select "Current Location"
3. Choose Home or Office (or a custom location)
Other Options
There are a number of customizations that you can make to your communicator client including saving conversations in Outlook.
1. Click the arrow in the top left corner of the communicator window
2. Select Tools
3. Select Options


text:
March 2002
Dear Bowdoin Parent,
I write on the six month anniversary of the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon – a day in September that changed all of our lives, and one that cast an uneasy pall over the opening of the College's 200th academic year. Half a year later, each of us lives with the changes brought on by those terrible events. But some things haven't changed. The Bowdoin campus, made vibrant by your sons and daughters, remains a place of optimism, enthusiasm, and creativity. In many ways it has been the perfect place to be these last six months – a place where learning, dialogue, and respectful debate overwhelm intolerance, ignorance, and hate.
Bowdoin lost alumni, parents, and friends last September, and the College – like all of America – took a good deal of time to regain its equilibrium. But, just like America, Bowdoin is resilient and remains an engaged and hopeful community. As we near the end of the year, we are mindful of the men and women of our armed forces – members of the Bowdoin community among them – who are fighting to preserve and protect the United States and the rest of the world from the terror of extremists. All of us are supportive and genuinely grateful for their commitment and sacrifice.
Most of our students have now scattered from campus for spring break after a very intense couple of weeks filled with term papers and midterm exams. As they take a much-needed holiday, I want to share some thoughts on the year thus far.
First, some necessary information:
During their campus meetings in early February, the Board of Trustees approved the College's budget for the 2002-2003 academic year. The budget is balanced and anticipates expenses of $102.4 million. The comprehensive fee for next year will be $35,990, representing a 5% increase over the current year.
I recognize that this increase places an additional burden on the families of our students. And I know it is no consolation to learn that 5% is at the lower range of increases for public and private colleges and universities nationwide. The stark reality of the residential liberal arts college is that our expenses are not accurately reflected by the Consumer Price Index because we are built on a fundamentally different model. What we do here is based on the relationship between the faculty and our students. We take pride in a very low student-faculty ratio and in the personal attention that our students receive from faculty, staff, and coaches. Undeniably, ours is an expensive form of education, but we believe deeply in its value and benefits, and we strive to be efficient in the delivery of our program and to live within our means.
The budget approved last month by the Trustees represents the tenth consecutive balanced budget for the College. The budget in 1995-96 totaled $62.7 million. This year the budget stands at $102.4 million – an increase that is a clear result of a necessary expansion of the curriculum and of programs that give strength and breadth to the Bowdoin experience and value to a Bowdoin degree.
This budget year was particularly difficult for a number of reasons that have been largely out of the College's control. First, the financial markets suffered a dramatic downturn due to the recession that is reported to have begun nearly a year ago and then exacerbated by the economic impact of September 11. We had already seen our endowment decrease from $465 million on June 30, 2000 to $433 million on June 30, 2001 – a loss in value of 7%. While I am pleased to report that we have had good performance during the last few months, the endowment remains at levels significantly below what we had anticipated for this period prior to September 11. Of course, the size of the endowment is important because we utilize a portion each year for current expenditures in order to balance our budget. As the value decreases, so does the revenue available for the annual operating budget.
Another challenge has been the cost of health care, which continues to spiral in the United States generally and in the state of Maine particularly. Our employee health care costs increased by 33% this year, forcing us to make difficult decisions on health care coverage and employee compensation in order to meet these increased costs.
As the cost of a Bowdoin education increases, so must our commitment to financial aid for those with need. I have been questioned vigorously by the students on campus about the College's commitment to financial aid. First, let me be clear that all students at Bowdoin receive financial support from the College. Next year's comprehensive fee of $35,990 will represent only 55% of the total cost of educating a student at Bowdoin. Accordingly, "full-pay" students receive a significant subsidy from the College through the annual expenditure of endowment funds generously provided by Bowdoin alumni, friends, parents, and foundations.
Bowdoin remains committed to the admission of qualified students on a "need-blind" basis. The College has been need-blind for eight consecutive years and for nine of the past 11 years. Our budgets are designed to maintain this high priority. Moreover, we are also committed to meeting the full calculated need of our students for all four years. We expect that the 2002-2003 budget – which includes an 11.5% increase in total student aid – will allow us to meet the full calculated need of the students we will admit this year as well as all students currently enrolled who qualify for aid.
All that being said, only 56% of annual projected grant expense is covered by financial aid endowment. We are intensely focused on increasing financial aid endowment for the College so that we may continue to attract the best and brightest students without the limitation of economic circumstance. Success in this effort will ensure that Bowdoin remains a superior college educating students from all walks of life to be the informed leaders that our society and the world desperately need.
As I near the end of my first year as president of the College, I continue to be inspired by the character, integrity, and diligence of your sons and daughters. The spirit on campus is very high, especially because of the fantastic success of our winter sports programs. Three of our teams participated this past week in post-season play, with the women's hockey team reaching the Division III "Final Four," the women's basketball team making it all the way to the NCAA regional finals after an amazing 22-1 regular season, and the men's hockey team playing in the NCAA tournament after a thrilling standing-room-only season in Dayton Arena. We also saw numerous individual honors in track, swimming, and squash, adding to high spirits and enthusiasm during what was a rather mild and otherwise unremarkable Maine winter.
Bowdoin students are a diverse lot, and the array of student performances, art exhibits, and community service projects is impressive. Since September, approximately 600 students have volunteered about 12,200 hours in service to the local community. They have volunteered in local schools and hospitals, assisted the elderly, organized blood drives, and worked with Habitat for Humanity to provide housing for low-income residents. In fact, 18 Bowdoin students are currently spending spring break in Peru helping to rehabilitate homes and participating in social work related causes.
On campus, our theater was filled to capacity this year for student performances of Lanford Wilson's play "Book of Days" and David Hirson's "La Bête." We were moved by the Bowdoin Chorus performance of "Music of Mourning and Hope" in memory of the victims of September 11. Anokha – the Bowdoin South Asian students coalition – helped organize the first annual South Asian Film Festival, while students from Bowdoin, Bates, and Colby studying at our center in South Africa sent us their thoughts and observations in a series called "Cape Town Diaries" which was published during the fall semester on the Bowdoin web site.
The faculty continues to be devoted to its teaching, working closely with students in class and on independent studies and honors projects. Today there are currently 192 independent study projects and 75 honors projects underway at the College. I see this as compelling evidence of a Bowdoin specialty: serious scholarship engaged in by students, grounded in personal attention by dedicated members of the faculty. Meanwhile, our faculty continues to be prolific in their own research, scholarship and artistic work. Some examples include:
This is hardly an exhaustive list of faculty accomplishment, but I believe it illustrates the serious scholarship and artistic work conducted by members of the Bowdoin faculty, which, in many cases, involves direct participation by students.
People frequently ask me whether the job of a college president is what I expected when I arrived in Brunswick just nine months ago. My response is that the opportunity to lead Bowdoin is even more interesting, rewarding, and fun than I expected it would be. This is in large measure due to the quality of character and the intellect of Bowdoin's students. Thank you for entrusting your daughters and sons to us and for allowing us to share in their enthusiasm for the future. I look forward to greeting the parents of our graduating seniors in May.
Sincerely yours,
Barry Mills


text:
The Mona Lazer Portraits
Artist description:
I defaced the Mona Lisa v.v It was micks idea blame him. For those that don't realize I did a serious version of this 1st, here. [Link] Google "shoop da whoop" if ur wondering about the lazer.
Created Jul 22, 2009. Unless noted Copyright 2009
Artist-KGH .
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oh god...hahaha...love it! the way you did Mona Lisa and the way you ruined it :))))
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TRUGLO Carbon XS 4 Light Bow Sight
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The new Carbon XS is one of the most compact and lightest weight archery sights available. The sight is constructed from carbon-composite material yielding superior strength and extremely light weight. The Carbon XS features 4 ultra-bright pins with extra long protected fibers and a micro push button light for excellent low light performance. The glow in the dark shooters ring and built-in sight level make it extremely accurate and the reversible bracket allows for more adjustment and makes this sight perfect for right or left hand shooters.
Technical Information
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- Number of Pins: 4
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I had the wonderful opportunity to be part of the iLoveToCreate Fall Challenge. As part of the challenge I received a Tulip Tie-Dye & Paint Kit. I had so much fun using the kit and my kids want me to buy more Tulip Tie-Dye because they really like the way their shirts look and this time, they want to make their own The process from start to finish was very easy. I followed the instruction sheet exactly and the {Read More}
Easiest Ever Tie-Dye Shirts
Filed Under: crafts, DIY, Halloween, sponsored, Tutorials Tagged With: #sponsored, Blueprint Social Media, Tulip Tie-Dye Kit


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Stay at the 3-star Hôtel Le Quartier Bercy Square - Paris for the best Paris experience. There are loads of rooms here, giving you a great deal of choice. This property offers a convenient location close to Bel Air metro station. One of the landmarks in Paris is Bercy. Easily accessible, Le Parc de Bercy is in close proximity. One museum you do not want to miss during your stay in Paris would be Musée des Arts Africains et Oceaniens. It is located 1.3 km (0.8 miles) from here.
Common areas including a bar/lounge, a garden, and even a coffee shop/café, are accessible at Hôtel Le Quartier Bercy Square - Paris. Not only are a baby-sitting service and a concierge service available here; other services (such as a dry cleaning/laundry service) are also provided. You can also enjoy the privilege of bringing your pet onto the premises. This property has 57 rooms.
Air conditioned rooms are available at Hôtel Le Quartier Bercy Square - Paris. A radio is provided as well. Stay in touch from this hotel via wireless high-speed Internet access (complimentary). Your morning or evening routine in the bathroom is more comfortable here, as you find a designer toiletries set in the bathroom. A city view or a courtyard view can be enjoyed from some of the rooms.
Show reviews
Internet: | Wi-Fi Internet connection, Wireless high-speed Internet access (complimentary), Free wired Internet |
Parking: | Parking Nearby, Parking Nearby (surcharge) |
Pet policy: | Pets allowed |
Rooms: | 57 |
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Babes in Toyland -- All roads lead to magical, merry Toyland as Mary Contrary and Tom Piper prepare for their wedding! But villainous Barnaby wants Mary for himself, so he kidnaps Tom, setting off a series of comic chases, searches, and double-crosses!
Babes in Toyland -- Clip: Gypsy Dance
Babes in Toyland -- Clip: Little Tom
more Babes In Toyland videos
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The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a fundamental algorithm that computes the Discrete Fourier Transform of an n-dimensional signal in O(n log n) time. It is unknown whether the running time can be improved in general. However, in applications such as image, audio, and video compression where the output is 'sparse' (i.e., k n coordinates are 'large' and contain most of the energy), it is possible to estimate the large coordinates in less than O(n log n) time. We show the first algorithms that achieve this for any k = o(n).
The sparse Fourier transform problem lies in the broader area of sparse recovery or compressive sensing. This area considers the robust recovery of a sparse vector x from relatively few linear measurements Ax, and has applications in diverse settings such as streaming algorithms, camera design, and genetic testing. We discuss multiple extensions to the sparse recovery framework, including a proof that the number of measurement can be improved – in some cases exponentially – if the measurements are chosen adaptively.


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.Mac gets Web photo and video galleries, iPhone and YouTube integration
.Mac, the popular Web services suite from Apple is getting an update this morning. Among the newer features is a much-needed upgrade to .Mac's Web photo gallery service, which now ties in with the freshly updated iPhoto '08 and the iPhone. Users will also be able to upload photos to their online galleries via a specialized e-mail address. The new iPhone integration mirrors some of the options that are already in place to shuttle off photos from the device, with a new option to "send to Web gallery," which lets you send photos to their.Mac Web … Read more


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Aveeno Nourish + Volumize Shampoo
Aveeno Nourish + Volumize Shampoo strengthena and adds body to fine or limp hair.
- Strengthens and adds body to fine or limp hair.
- Nourish + Volumize Shampoo does much more than nourish and cleanse - it creates abundance with a fusion of light weight conditioners, giving hair lush, rich life.
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- This exclusive formula is infused with Nourishing Wheat Complex and Anti-Oxidant blue Lotus Flower, is designed to feed your hair by replenishing moisture to protect fine, fragile hair. It zeroes in on the weakest part of hair - fortifying the hair shaft with protein where it needs it most.
- Gentle on color-treated hair.
Share your hair know-how - be the first to rate and review this product.
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Have you used this product to get out of a hairy situation? Leave a note here.


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Tim Dierkes of MLB Trade Rumors has a post up reviewing the Dodgers' offseason. He goes over our additions and losses an has a preview for this season. Dierkes sees the Dodgers as a 91-92 win team. This is his bottom line: "Colletti dove headfirst into free agency and, for once, emerged a victor. The Dodgers' new offense should be among the best in the league, and they'll reach the playoffs with decent pitching." Good to hear from an unbiased source. I think over 90 wins is a bit optimistic but possible.
A preview of the outfielders in the NL West.
An outlook on the shortstops in the NL West.
An outlook of the NL West's third baseman, both short and long term.
An outlook on the NL West's second base jobs, both short and long term
A short and long term look at the first baseman of the NL West.
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March 2014
Welcome, guest
Fri Dec 3, 2010
Pension funds are open to do business with hedge funds that deliver the service they expect
In what can only be described as a cautiously optimistic post crisis-era, hedge funds may be performing but many UK investors are still sitting on the sidelines. Barry Lee, an associate in the research and development division of bFinance believes, however, that while activity in the first half of the year was quiet there is an increase in interest for both funds of funds and hedge funds.
Barry Lee, Robert Howie and William Battersby
"We are currently conducting two long/short equity manager searches in conjunction with long-only searches. This demonstrates the interest from clients in exploring managers who can perform well but also protect capital effectively," Lee notes.
Baring Asset Management's annual poll of UK pension schemes reveals that half of pension funds surveyed have recently altered their asset allocation due to concerns about volatility, with the majority reducing exposure to equities in favour of alternatives.
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If you don't see the heading at the top, please go to http://www.adobe.com to get the Flash Browser plug-in.
Please Don't Quote Me This Week
Mother Nature's clock is accurately ticking, however, with the correct times being spelled out in wildflowers emerging. Wild Phlox are flocking. Spring beauties have sprung. Rue Anemone rue the cold mornings. Wildflowers go by their strict time clock.
Click on the Flag for More Information
The Old Order Amish and Mennonites have changed much in the 20 years since this column was created. In 1991, the Amish were still a largely insular, agrarian culture. Today, Amish men work in factories as much as fields. The internet, cell phones, and automobiles have offered challenges to the church. The Amish, however, true to tradition, have responded in creative and innovative ways, embracing some technologies while finding novel ways to keep others at arm's length. The Amish have given their approval to solar and wind technologies, advances that allow them to "cherry pick" which technologies suit their lifestyle while still remaining "off the grid." But technology isn't all about business. There is now actually a Mennonite online dating service called MennoMeet.
And many Amish have embraced "voicemail" services for leaving one another messages without actually keeping a phone in the home. So the historically innovative Amish and Mennonites have been gradually adopting some changes, while keeping their core culture intact. There are, however, still limits. When the Amish newspaper The Budget decided to publish online last year, the negative outcry from Amish readers was so strong that the paper quickly reversed course.
Personally, I admire the incremental changes the Amish adopt, without sacrificing their traditional values. Regular readers of this column know that I have had a front-row seat to changing Amish culture in my job as editor. And the trials and tribulations of this endeavor have challenged my own core identity. But, in the end, I've been blessed by my friendship with the Amish. No matter my own flaws, the Amish have helped to keep me grounded and growing. I hope to tell my story one day in a memoir-type book, more on that potential project another day.
Readers and a core group of supportive editors have kept The Amish Cook column going. The challenges on this end are not completely over, but with reader support I think the end of the tough times are now within reach. To celebrating the resiliency of Amish culture and this column we are offering a fun new book commemorating and highlighting Amish culture. The book is called The Amish Cook's Everything But The Kitchen Sink Book and it explores everything Amish in an informative, enjoyable way.
Other tidbits from the book: Did you know Yoder vs. Wisconsin was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1972 that allowed for Amish schools? Read the actual case and some editor's commentary of its implications. Do the Amish vote? The book explores this topic. Did you hear about the Amish couple that showed up in Quebec seeking asylum from - North Dakota? Odd since neither location has an Amish population. Which recipe do readers request the most from Lovina? Find out the answers to all of this and more in The Amish Cook's Everything But the Kitchen Sink Book!
To bury the past and pour a foundation for the Amish Cook column's future, the next month will feature the biggest book sale ever: all soft cover Amish Cook cookbooks are available for $9.99 a title for anyone who preorders the Kitchen Sink book for $19.99 (shipping charges additional). Telephone orders are encouraged, because books ship from Amazon.com the same day and a confirmation number is provided. Postal and online orders can take longer. To order by phone, call 513-849-9158, or online at www.amishcookonline.com/special or mail to Oasis Newsfeatures, PO BOX 2144, Middletown, Ohio 45042.
Try this recipe from the book, a traditional Amish cook that utilizes basic baking ingredients.
2 cups of oil
3 cups of sugar
4 eggs
7 cups of flour
2 tablespoons of baking powder
1-1/2 teaspoons of vanilla
1 cup of buttermilk or milk and vinegar
2 teaspoons of baking soda
Mix well and drop by teaspoon onto ungreased cookie sheet. Bake at 350 for 8-10 minutes or until golden around edges.
world wide web prairie advocate


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A Cook in Time : Culinary queen Angie Amalfi picks up some clients for a ''fantasy dinner'' who are UFO chasers and government conspiracy fanatics. Researching recipes for an out-of-this-world dinner, Angie discovers that her clients have something deadly on their agenda. Includes mouthwatering recipes.
Categoría | Sub-Categoría | |
Ficción | Mystery & Detective |


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Havana Garden 4-Piece Queen Sheet Set (# TH194737)
Experience a haven of restful slumber with this Queen sheet set. Made with 300-thread-count cotton percale, it's soft, comfortable and enchants with a tonal tropical print. This four-piece set includes two pillowcases, one flat sheet and one fitted sheet.
- 100% cotton
- Machine wash warm; tumble dry on low setting
- Pillowcases: 20" x 34"
Flat sheet: 90" x 102"
Fitted sheet: 60" x 80"; 15" pocket height; fits mattresses up to 18" thick - Comforter and pillows sold separately
- Online return only
- Gift wrap not available
- Imported
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Havana Garden Euro Sham


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Fashion Films
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Fashion Films
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Alphabetical A - Z
Alphabetical Z - A
Fashion Films
Guest Reports
Contemporary Art
Video Art
Behind The Scenes
Video Portraits
Paris Collections
Fashion Shoots
Nick Knight, Ruth Hogben and Bernhard Willhelm
Men In Tights
Jan 10 2008
To showcase his Autumn/Winter 2008 menswear collection, Bernhard Willhelm created a fashion film with Nick Knight during January 2008. In advance of th...
Nick Knight, Shaun Cole and Alister Mackie
Sep 27 2007
Invited by AnOther Man magazine to shoot men's underwear for its Autumn/Winter 2007 issue, Nick Knight and Alister Mackie shot new work by a range of d...
Aitor Throup and Jez Tozer
The Funeral Of New Orleans - Part One
Sep 10 2007
For his first catwalk presentation, menswear designer Aitor Throup collaborated with photographer Jez Tozer to create 'The Funeral of New Orleans - Par...
Nick Knight and Andrew Gow
May 24 2007
Examining the creative legacies of fashion director Isabella Blow (1958–2007) and John Galliano's right-hand man Steven Robinson (1968–2007), Andrew Go...
Nick Knight, John Galliano, Ruth Hogben and Simon Foxton
Feb 20 2007
Invited by Arena Homme Plus magazine to photograph the highlights of John Galliano's outlandish Autumn/Winter 2007-2008 collection, Nick Knight and Sim...
Nick Knight, John Galliano, Sam McKnight, William Chang, Vladimir Boboshin, Saulyus Chyamolonskas, Sam Sneade, Rupert Angarita-Dodds, Reza Bahrami, Olivier Alary, Nigel Buck, Mike Figgis, Michael Blackburn, John Gosling, Joanna Swan, Greg Perler, Gemma Ward, Egoli Editing Team, Craig Armstrong, Christopher Seguine, Charles Nartey Mezo, Ben Trill, Apurva Asrani and Anna Span
Editing Fashion
Dec 19 2005
An offshoot from 2005's three-month 'Moving Fashion' project, the fashion film season 'Editing Fashion' shifted the focus of SHOWstudio's exploration o...
Nick Knight, Kate Moss, John Galliano, Gareth Pugh, Stephen Jones, !WOWOW!, Val Garland, Simon Foxton, Sam McKnight, David Bailey, Willy Vanderperre, Toyin, Tom Hingston, Steven Klein, Stella Tennant, Stella McCartney, Sølve Sundsbø, Shona Heath, Peter Lindbergh, Patrick Demarchelier, Liz Collins, Linda Evangelista, Lily Cole, Katy England, Katie Grand, Karen Elson, Julien D'Ys, Jonathan Kaye, Jason Evans, Hiromix, Glen Luchford, Gemma Ward, Francesca Burns, Fabien Baron, Emma Reeves, Eamonn Hughes, Christian Louboutin, Alister Mackie, Alice Hawkins, Kate Phelan, Tim Walker, Bay Garnett and Marian Newman
Moving Fashion
Sep 29 2005
The printed page has determined the way fashion looks since women's magazines were first introduced. Nick Knight's key motivation for founding SHOWstud...
Junya Watanabe
Design Download: Junya Watanabe
Jun 28 2005
Internationally-acclaimed designer Junya Watanabe was the mastermind behind the fifth pattern offered as part of our Design Download series of online c...
Nick Knight, Peter Saville, Liberty Ross, Richard Kern, Philippe Garner, Jonathan Kaye, Jonathan De Villiers, Ann-Sofie Back and Andrea Dworkin
Dress Me Up, Dress Me Down
Jun 28 2005
Exploring the idea of control in fashion image-making, 'Dress Me Up, Dress Me Down' offered SHOWstudio viewers the chance to dress Liberty Ross in a li...
Simon Foxton, Penny Martin, Michael Bracewell and Charlotte Cotton
Sittings: Thirty Men
Apr 1 2005
Over April 2005, Simon Foxton styled 30 models as 'living magazine pages', seated in front of a webcam. Via telephone, the 'Sittings' models could take...
Björk, Nick Knight, Tracey Emin, Emmanuelle Seigner, Elizabeth Wurtzel, Courtney Love, Catherine Millet, Catherine Deneuve, Aimee Mullins, Heidi Fleiss, Isabella Rossellini, Liv Tyler, Marianne Faithfull, Ross Phillips and Stella McCartney
Pirelli Calendar
Dec 1 2004
For the 2004 Pirelli calendar, photographer Nick Knight and art director Peter Saville shifted the focus from men's desires to those of women. From fou...
Nick Knight, Leigh Bowery and Donald Urquhart
Oct 11 2004
Celebrating the extraordinary legacy of the equally extraordinary Leigh Bowery, 'Guiser' brings together previously unseen footage of Bowery during a s...
Alexander McQueen
Sep 1 2004
'Black' saw British maverick Alexander McQueen return to the London catwalk after a three-year absence in June 2004, for one night only. A retrospectiv...
Alexander McQueen, Nick Knight and Michael Clark
Blade of Light
Jul 30 2004
Watch the filmic version of SHOWstudio's MAC III print, an image born out of an explosive creative collaboration between McQueen, Knight and Clark.
Tim and Barry, Lucy Orta and Jason Evans
Transgressing Fashion
Jun 24 2004
In response to the Allied forces handover of power back to Iraq on 30th June 2004, artist Lucy Orta staged a 'protest performance' at the Victoria & Al...
Nick Knight and Brad Pitt
Freedom Of Love
Jun 10 2004
Nick Knight used André Breton's poem 'Freedom of Love' as the guiding text for this short film of Brad Pitt, created while shooting the actor for Vanit...
Nick Knight, Tom Hingston, Susan Bright, Robert '3D' Del Naja, Nick Rhodes, Kylie Minogue, Katy England, Julie Verhoeven, Jason Evans, Félix Larher, Bobby Gillespie and Liz Neal
Apr 26 2004
Kylie Minogue, Nick Rhodes, Bobby Gillespie and Julie Verhoeven were just some of the leading fashion, music and art creatives who came together for th...
Nick Knight, Simon Costin and Sharon Dowsett
Articles Of Faith
Sep 4 2003
A controversial partnership: religion and iconography. Costin and Dowsett asked who and what people turned to in their darkest hour and how that faith ...
Jane How
Pop Poupée
Aug 4 2003
Taking inspiration from Andy Warhol - the man(nequin) himself even making a cameo as a model - stylist Jane How and photographer Mario Sorrenti recreat...
Alexander McQueen and Susannah Frankel
Jul 21 2003
To celebrate Alexander McQueen receiving the CBE award in 2003, the visionary designer himself illustrated a selection of showstoppers from his 2003 co...
Nick Knight, Jonathan Kaye and Akufen
Jun 5 2003
Contextualising the Spring/Summer 2003 haute couture collections as photographed for W magazine, 'SHOOT' proves that couture is far more than just dres...
Alice Hawkins
Picture/message: Alice Hawkins
May 21 2003
The Female Gaze: photographer Alice Hawkins asked her sitters how they would like to be represented to their lovers for her two-week residency, using t...
Nick Knight, Olivier Alary, Guy Bourdin and Adam Mufti
Compulsive Viewing: The Films Of Guy Bourdin
Apr 17 2003
'Compulsive Viewing: The Films Of Guy Bourdin' showcases eleven unique fashion films, edited in 2002-2003 from never-before-seen, archival film recorde...
Simon Foxton and Alasdair McLellan
Jun 21 2002
For your pleasure. Fashioned from calling cards, nine working boys gave us their denim look. Who will you pick? Alasdair McLellan provided the photos, ...
Peter Saville and Julie Verhoeven
Apr 3 2002
Inspired by innocent Toile de Jouy - but offset with Japanese rope suspension bondage - Peter Saville and Julie Verhoeven collaborated to create intric...
Nick Knight and John Galliano
Past, Present & Couture
Mar 2 2002
John Galliano's first five years at Christian Dior were marked by a series of Nick Knight-shot images interpreting Galliano's groundbreaking haute cout...
John Galliano, Alexander McQueen, Sophia Kokosalaki, Shelley Fox and Jens Laugesen
Feb 18 2002
SHOWstudio challenged fashion's finest to create the industry's Holy Grail: inspiring womenswear designs for sizes 16 and over. 12 leading designers, i...
Nick Knight, Hussein Chalayan, Terry Richardson, Richard Bush, Raf Simons, Jo-Ann Furniss, Tim Walker, Penny Martin, John Taylor, Jane How and David Sims
Jan 23 2002
Focusing on fashion imagery published and withdrawn at the time of the attacks of 9/11, Killed examines the criteria governing propriety in contemporar...
Christabel Stewart
Blue Movie
Nov 21 2001
Were these girls performing in a retro erotic film or posing for a contemporary fashion shoot? Seductive shots replaced narrative in a film that define...
Björk, Alexander McQueen, Nick Knight and Daniel Brown
Nov 21 2001
Spellbinding sound and image project generated from Nick Knight and Alexander McQueen's installation for La Beauté en Avignon, with an exclusive Björk ...
Penny Martin and Jason Evans
Stormtrooper In Drag
Nov 5 2001
This is not a love song: Jason Evans dressed up in a combination of Stormtrooper and polka-dot Comme des Garçons to test the parameters of identity and...
Nick Knight, Björk and Paul Barnes
Pagan Poetry
Oct 2 2001
View the uncensored version of the video for Björk's single 'Pagan Poetry' directed by Nick Knight. Alongside the film, we showcase a gallery of abstra...
Jake & Dinos Chapman
Melting Heads
Feb 9 2001
One Chapman brother describes 'Melting Heads' as 'the most simplistic B-movie effect'. The other says they did it because 'it scares children'. Judge f...
Nick Knight, Tom Hingston and Robert '3D' Del Naja
Feb 9 2001
The dark side of the saloon. Nick Knight placed a dozen video cameras inside four crusher-bound cars and filmed their destruction down to the final scr...
Mark Szaszy
Lo-fi: Mark Szaszy
Dec 20 2000
Late one night, Mark Szaszy took three friends, a steel guitar and a lot of vodka, filmed them on his old Hi 8 camera, and then lost the master copy.
Jason Evans
Corporate Aesthetics
Dec 20 2000
Snide. Patronising. Tortuous. Whenever photographer Jason Evans turns on the television, he's irritated by those 'annoying little bursts of eye candy'....
Fergus Purcell
Dec 20 2000
Experience cult 'Silas' illustrator Fergus Purcell's sketchbook drawings as animation. A bejewelled declaration that 'I want to believe' signposts the ...
Nick Knight, Kate Moss, Sarah Morris and Emily Dinsdale
Dec 20 2000
Follow Nick Knight's lens as it snoops from one Madison Avenue skyscraper to another, documenting supermodel Kate Moss in voyeuristic action in this un...
Nick Knight and Katy England
One In Ten
Nov 17 2000
If breast cancer affects one-in-ten women, why is it invisible in fashion photography? Nick Knight and stylist Katy England redressed the balance in a ...
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Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint.[1] It remains the world's largest collaborative biological project.[2]
The first official funding for the Project originated with the US Department of Energy's Office of Health and Environmental Research, headed by Charles DeLisi, and was in the Reagan Administration's 1987 budget submission to Congress.[3] It subsequently passed both Houses. The Project was planned for 15 years.[4]
In 1990, the two major funding agencies, DOE and NIH, developed a memorandum of understanding in order to coordinate plans and set the clock for the initiation of the Project to 1990.[5] At that time, David Galas was Director of the renamed "Office of Biological and Environmental Research" in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science and James Watson headed the NIH Genome Program. In 1993, Aristides Patrinos succeeded Galas and Francis Collins succeeded James Watson, assuming the role of overall Project Head as Director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Human Genome Research Institute. A working draft of the genome was announced in 2000 and a complete one in 2003, with further, more detailed analysis still being published.
A parallel project was conducted outside of government by the Celera Corporation, or Celera Genomics, which was formally launched in 1998. Most of the government-sponsored sequencing was performed in universities and research centres in China, France, Germany, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[6] Researchers continue to identify protein-coding genes and their functions; the objective is to find disease-causing genes and possibly use the information to develop more specific treatments. It also may be possible to locate patterns in gene expression, which could help physicians glean insight into the body's emergent properties.
The Human Genome Project originally aimed to map the nucleotides contained in a human haploid reference genome (more than three billion). Several groups have announced efforts to extend this to diploid human genomes including the International HapMap Project, Applied Biosystems, Perlegen, Illumina, J. Craig Venter Institute, Personal Genome Project, and Roche-454.
The "genome" of any given individual is unique; mapping "the human genome" involves sequencing multiple variations of each gene.[7] The project did not study the entire DNA found in human cells; some heterochromatic areas (about 8% of the total genome) remain unsequenced.
The availability of advance genotyping chips, containing sets of large number of SNPs provides good coverage of the human genome, can be used for thousands of cases and control studies for exploring the basis of complex traits.[8]
The project began with the culmination of several years of work supported by the US Department of Energy, in particular workshops in 1984[9] of the US Department of Energy.[10] This 1987 report stated boldly, "The ultimate goal of this initiative is to understand the human genome" and "knowledge of the human is as necessary to the continuing progress of medicine and other health sciences as knowledge of human anatomy has been for the present state of medicine." The proposal was made by Dr. Alvin Trivelpiece and was approved by Deputy Secretary William Flynn Martin. This chart[11] was used in the Spring of 1986 by Trivelpiece, then Director of the Office of Energy Research in the Department of Energy, to brief Martin and Under Secretary Joseph Salgado regarding his intention to reprogram $4 million to initiate the project with the approval of Secretary Herrington. This reprogramming was followed by a line item budget of $16 million the following year. Candidate technologies were already being considered for the proposed undertaking at least as early as 1985.[12]
James D. Watson was head of the National Center for Human Genome Research at the National Institutes of Health in the United States starting from 1988. Largely due to his disagreement with his boss, Bernadine Healy, over the issue of patenting genes, Watson was forced to resign in 1992. He was replaced by Francis Collins in April 1993, and the name of the Centre was changed to the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in 1997.
The $3-billion project was formally founded in 1990 by the US Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health, and was expected to take 15 years.[13] In addition to the United States, the international consortium comprised geneticists in the United Kingdom, France, Australia, Japan and myriad other spontaneous relationships.[14]
Due to widespread international cooperation and advances in the field of genomics (especially in sequence analysis), as well as major advances in computing technology, a 'rough draft' of the genome was finished in 2000 (announced jointly by U.S. President Bill Clinton and the British Prime Minister Tony Blair on June 26, 2000).[15] This first available rough draft assembly of the genome was completed by the Genome Bioinformatics Group at the University of California, Santa Cruz, primarily led by then graduate student Jim Kent. Ongoing sequencing led to the announcement of the essentially complete genome in April 2003, 2 years earlier than planned.[16] In May 2006, another milestone was passed on the way to completion of the project, when the sequence of the last chromosome was published in the journal Nature.[17]
State of completion[edit]
The Human Genome Project was declared complete in April 2003. An initial rough draft of the human genome was available in June 2000 and by February 2001 a working draft had been completed and published followed by the final sequencing mapping of the human genome on April 14, 2003. Although this was reported to be 99% of the human genome with 99.99% accuracy a major quality assessment of the human genome sequence was published on May 27, 2004 indicating over 92% of sampling exceeded 99.99% accuracy which is within the intended goal.[18] Further analyses and papers on the HGP continue to occur.[19]
Applications and proposed benefits[edit]
The sequencing of the human genome holds benefits for many fields, from molecular medicine to human evolution. The Human Genome Project, through its sequencing of the DNA, can help us understand diseases including: genotyping of specific viruses to direct appropriate treatment; identification of oncogenes and mutations linked to different forms of cancer; the design of medication and more accurate prediction of their effects; advancement in forensic applied sciences; biofuels and other energy applications; agriculture, livestock breeding, bioprocessing; risk assessment; bioarcheology, anthropology, evolution. Another proposed benefit is the commercial development of genomics research related to DNA based products, a multibillion dollar industry
The sequence of the DNA is stored in databases available to anyone on the Internet. The U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (and sister organizations in Europe and Japan) house the gene sequence in a database known as GenBank, along with sequences of known and hypothetical genes and proteins. Other organizations, such as the Genome Bioinformatics Group at the University of California, Santa Cruz,[20] and Ensembl[21] present additional data and annotation and powerful tools for visualizing and searching it. Computer programs have been developed to analyze the data, because the data itself is difficult to interpret without such programs.
The process of identifying the boundaries between genes and other features in a raw DNA sequence is called genome annotation and is the domain of bioinformatics. While expert biologists make the best annotators, their work proceeds slowly, and computer programs are increasingly used to meet the high-throughput demands of genome sequencing projects. The best current technologies for annotation make use of statistical models that take advantage of parallels between DNA sequences and human language, using concepts from computer science such as formal grammars.
All humans have unique gene sequences. Therefore the data published by the HGP does not represent the exact sequence of every individual's genome. It is the combined "reference genome" of a small number of anonymous donors. The HGP genome is a scaffold for future work in identifying differences among individuals. Most of the current effort in identifying differences among individuals involves single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the HapMap.
Key findings of the draft (2001) and complete (2004) genome sequences include:
1. There are approximately 20,500[22] genes in human beings, the same range as in mice. Understanding how these genes express themselves will provide clues to how diseases are caused.
2. The human genome has significantly more segmental duplications (nearly identical, repeated sections of DNA) than other mammalian genomes.[23][24] These sections may underline the creation of new primate-specific genes.
3. At the time when the draft sequence was published fewer than 7% of protein families appeared to be vertebrate specific.[25]
How it was accomplished[edit]
The Human Genome Project was started in 1990 with the goal of sequencing and identifying all three billion chemical units in the human genetic instruction set, finding the genetic roots of disease and then developing treatments. It is considered a Mega Project because the human genome has approximately 3.3 billion base-pairs. With the sequence in hand, the next step was to identify the genetic variants that increase the risk for common diseases like cancer and diabetes.[5][26]
It was far too expensive at that time to think of sequencing patients' whole genomes. So the National Institutes of Health embraced the idea for a "shortcut", which was to look just at sites on the genome where many people have a variant DNA unit. The theory behind the shortcut was that, since the major diseases are common, so too would be the genetic variants that caused them. Natural selection keeps the human genome free of variants that damage health before children are grown, the theory held, but fails against variants that strike later in life, allowing them to become quite common. (In 2002 the National Institutes of Health started a $138 million project called the HapMap to catalog the common variants in European, East Asian and African genomes.)[27]
The genome was broken into smaller pieces; approximately 150,000 base pairs in length.[26] These pieces were then ligated into a type of vector known as "bacterial artificial chromosomes", or BACs, which are derived from bacterial chromosomes which have been genetically engineered. The vectors containing the genes can be inserted into bacteria where they are copied by the bacterial DNA replication machinery. Each of these pieces was then sequenced separately as a small "shotgun" project and then assembled. The larger, 150,000 base pairs go together to create chromosomes. This is known as the "hierarchical shotgun" approach, because the genome is first broken into relatively large chunks, which are then mapped to chromosomes before being selected for sequencing.[28][29]
Funding came from the US government through the National Institutes of Health in the United States, and a UK charity organization, the Wellcome Trust, as well as numerous other groups from around the world. The funding supported a number of large sequencing centers including those at Whitehead Institute, the Sanger Centre, Washington University in St. Louis, and Baylor College of Medicine.[13][30]
Public versus private approaches[edit]
In 1998, a similar, privately funded quest was launched by the American researcher Craig Venter, and his firm Celera Genomics. Venter was a scientist at the NIH during the early 1990s when the project was initiated. The $300,000,000 Celera effort was intended to proceed at a faster pace and at a fraction of the cost of the roughly $3 billion publicly funded project.
Celera used a technique called whole genome shotgun sequencing, employing pairwise end sequencing,[31] which had been used to sequence bacterial genomes of up to six million base pairs in length, but not for anything nearly as large as the three billion base pair human genome.
Celera initially announced that it would seek patent protection on "only 200–300" genes, but later amended this to seeking "intellectual property protection" on "fully-characterized important structures" amounting to 100–300 targets. The firm eventually filed preliminary ("place-holder") patent applications on 6,500 whole or partial genes. Celera also promised to publish their findings in accordance with the terms of the 1996 "Bermuda Statement", by releasing new data annually (the HGP released its new data daily), although, unlike the publicly funded project, they would not permit free redistribution or scientific use of the data. The publicly funded competitor UC Santa Cruz was compelled to publish the first draft of the human genome before Celera for this reason. On July 7, 2000, the UCSC Genome Bioinformatics Group released a first working draft on the web. The scientific community downloaded one-half trillion bytes of information from the UCSC genome server in the first 24 hours of free and unrestricted access to the first ever assembled blueprint of our human species.[32]
In March 2000, President Clinton announced that the genome sequence could not be patented, and should be made freely available to all researchers. The statement sent Celera's stock plummeting and dragged down the biotechnology-heavy Nasdaq. The biotechnology sector lost about $50 billion in market capitalization in two days.
Although the working draft was announced in June 2000, it was not until February 2001 that Celera and the HGP scientists published details of their drafts. Special issues of Nature (which published the publicly funded project's scientific paper)[33] and Science (which published Celera's paper[34]) described the methods used to produce the draft sequence and offered analysis of the sequence. These drafts covered about 83% of the genome (90% of the euchromatic regions with 150,000 gaps and the order and orientation of many segments not yet established). In February 2001, at the time of the joint publications, press releases announced that the project had been completed by both groups. Improved drafts were announced in 2003 and 2005, filling in to ≈92% of the sequence currently.
Many believe that the competition proved to be very good for the project, spurring the public groups to modify their strategy in order to accelerate progress. The rivals at UC Santa Cruz initially agreed to pool their data, but the agreement fell apart when Celera refused to deposit its data in the unrestricted public database GenBank. Celera had incorporated the public data into their genome, but forbade the public effort to use Celera data.
HGP is the most well known of many international genome projects aimed at sequencing the DNA of a specific organism. While the human DNA sequence offers the most tangible benefits, important developments in biology and medicine are predicted as a result of the sequencing of model organisms, including mice, fruit flies, zebrafish, yeast, nematodes, plants, and many microbial organisms and parasites.
In 2004, researchers from the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC) of the HGP announced a new estimate of 20,000 to 25,000 genes in the human genome.[23] Previously 30,000 to 40,000 had been predicted, while estimates at the start of the project reached up to as high as 2,000,000. The number continues to fluctuate and it is now expected that it will take many years to agree on a precise value for the number of genes in the human genome.
Genome donors[edit]
In the IHGSC international public-sector Human Genome Project (HGP), researchers collected blood (female) or sperm (male) samples from a large number of donors. Only a few of many collected samples were processed as DNA resources. Thus the donor identities were protected so neither donors nor scientists could know whose DNA was sequenced. DNA clones from many different libraries were used in the overall project, with most of those libraries being created by Dr. Pieter J. de Jong (or rather the researchers in his lab). Much of the sequence (>70%) of the reference genome produced by the public HGP came from a single anonymous male donor from Buffalo, New York (code name RP11).[35][36]
HGP scientists used white blood cells from the blood of two male and two female donors (randomly selected from 20 of each) -- each donor yielding a separate DNA library. One of these libraries (RP11) was used considerably more than others, due to quality considerations. One minor technical issue is that male samples contain just over half as much DNA from the sex chromosomes (one X chromosome and one Y chromosome) compared to female samples (which contain two X chromosomes). The other 22 chromosomes (the autosomes) are the same for both sexes.
Although the main sequencing phase of the HGP has been completed, studies of DNA variation continue in the International HapMap Project, whose goal is to identify patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) groups (called haplotypes, or "haps"). The DNA samples for the HapMap came from a total of 270 individuals: Yoruba people in Ibadan, Nigeria; Japanese people in Tokyo; Han Chinese in Beijing; and the French Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisms Humain (CEPH) resource, which consisted of residents of the United States having ancestry from Western and Northern Europe.
In the Celera Genomics private-sector project, DNA from five different individuals were used for sequencing. The lead scientist of Celera Genomics at that time, Craig Venter, later acknowledged (in a public letter to the journal Science) that his DNA was one of 21 samples in the pool, five of which were selected for use.[37][38]
In 2007, a team led by Jonathan Rothberg published James Watson's entire genome, unveiling the six-billion-nucleotide genome of a single individual for the first time.
The work on interpretation of genome data is still in its initial stages. It is anticipated that detailed knowledge of the human genome will provide new avenues for advances in medicine and biotechnology. Clear practical results of the project emerged even before the work was finished. For example, a number of companies, such as Myriad Genetics, started offering easy ways to administer genetic tests that can show predisposition to a variety of illnesses, including breast cancer, hemostasis disorders, cystic fibrosis, liver diseases and many others. Also, the etiologies for cancers, Alzheimer's disease and other areas of clinical interest are considered likely to benefit from genome information and possibly may lead in the long term to significant advances in their management.[27][39]
There are also many tangible benefits for biological scientists. For example, a researcher investigating a certain form of cancer may have narrowed down his/her search to a particular gene. By visiting the human genome database on the World Wide Web, this researcher can examine what other scientists have written about this gene, including (potentially) the three-dimensional structure of its product, its function(s), its evolutionary relationships to other human genes, or to genes in mice or yeast or fruit flies, possible detrimental mutations, interactions with other genes, body tissues in which this gene is activated, and diseases associated with this gene or other datatypes. Further, deeper understanding of the disease processes at the level of molecular biology may determine new therapeutic procedures. Given the established importance of DNA in molecular biology and its central role in determining the fundamental operation of cellular processes, it is likely that expanded knowledge in this area will facilitate medical advances in numerous areas of clinical interest that may not have been possible without them.[40]
The analysis of similarities between DNA sequences from different organisms is also opening new avenues in the study of evolution. In many cases, evolutionary questions can now be framed in terms of molecular biology; indeed, many major evolutionary milestones (the emergence of the ribosome and organelles, the development of embryos with body plans, the vertebrate immune system) can be related to the molecular level. Many questions about the similarities and differences between humans and our closest relatives (the primates, and indeed the other mammals) are expected to be illuminated by the data in this project.[27][41]
Ethical, legal and social issues[edit]
At the onset of the Human Genome Project several ethical, legal, and social concerns were raised in regards to how increased knowledge of the human genome could be used to discriminate against people. One of the main concerns of most individuals was the fear that both employers and health insurance companies would refuse to hire individuals or refuse to provide insurance to people because of a health concern indicated by someone's genes.[42] In 1996 the United States passed the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) which protects against the unauthorized and non-consensual release of individually identifiable health information to any entity not actively engaged in the provision of healthcare services to a patient.[43]
Along with identifying all of the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in the human genome, the Human Genome Project also sought to address the ethical, legal, and social issues that were created by the onset of the project. For that the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) program was founded in 1990. Five percent of the annual budget was allocated to address the ELSI arising from the project.[13][44]
See also[edit]
- Chimpanzee Genome Project
- EuroPhysiome
- Genome Compiler
- Human Connectome Project
- Human cytome project
- Human microbiome project
- Human Variome Project
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee
- Neanderthal Genome Project
- Sanger Institute
- The 1000 Genomes Project
- The Genographic Project
- Human Brain Project
- ^ Robert Krulwich (2001-04-17). Cracking the Code of Life (Television Show). PBS.
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- ^ a b "About the Human Genome Project: What is the Human Genome Project". The Human Genome Management Information System (HGMIS). 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
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- ^ a b c Human Genome Information Archive. "About the Human Genome Project". U.S. Department of Energy & Human Genome Project program. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ Collins F, Galas D (1993-10-01). "A New Five-Year Plan for the United States: Human Genome Program". National Human Genome Research Institute. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
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- ^ Noble, Ivan (2003-04-14). "Human genome finally complete". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-07-22.
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- ^ "International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium Describes Finished Human Genome Sequence". NIH Nes Release publisher= National Institutes of Health. 20 December 2004.
- ^ Bryant, J. A (2007). Design and information in biology: From molecules to systems. p. 108. ISBN 9781853128530. "...brought to light about 1200 protein families. Only 94 protein families, or 7%, appear to be vertebrate specific"
- ^ a b Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. "The Human Genome Project: a new reality". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Research Limited. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ a b c Naidoo N, Pawitan Y, Soong R, Cooper DN, Ku CS (2011). "Human genetics and genomics a decade after the release of the draft sequence of the human genome". Hum Genomics 5 (6): 577–622. PMC 3525251. PMID 22155605.
- ^ "Celera: A Unique Approach to Genome Sequencing". ocf.berkeley.edu. Biocomputing. 2006. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ Davidson College (2002). "Sequencing Whole Genomes: Hierarchical Shotgun Sequencing v. Shotgun Sequencing". bio.davidson.edu. Department of Biology, Davidson College. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ Human Genome Project Information Archive (2013). "U.S. & International HGP Research Sites". U.S. Department of Energy & Human Genome Project. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ Roach JC, Boysen C, Wang K, Hood L (1995). "Pairwise end sequencing: a unified approach to genomic mapping and sequencing". Genomics 26 (2): 345–353. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80219-C. PMID 7601461.
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- ^ International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2001). "Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome" (PDF). Nature 409 (6822): 860–921. doi:10.1038/35057062. PMID 11237011.
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- ^ Osoegawa, Kazutoyo; Mammoser, AG; Wu, C; Frengen, E; Zeng, C; Catanese, JJ; De Jong, PJ (2001). "A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library for Sequencing the Complete Human Genome". Genome Research 11 (3): 483–96. doi:10.1101/gr.169601. PMC 311044. PMID 11230172.
- ^ Tuzun, E et al. (2005). "Fine-scale structural variation of the human genome". Nature Genetics 37 (7): 727–737. doi:10.1038/ng1562. PMID 15895083.
- ^ Kennedy D (2002). "Not wicked, perhaps, but tacky". Science 297 (5585): 1237. doi:10.1126/science.297.5585.1237. PMID 12193755.
- ^ Venter D (2003). "A Part of the Human Genome Sequence". Science 299 (5610): 1183–4. doi:10.1126/science.299.5610.1183. PMID 12595674.
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- ^ Snyder M, Du J, Gerstein M (2012). "Personal genome sequencing: current approaches and challenges". Genes Dev 24 (5): 423–431. doi:10.1101/gad.1864110. PMID 20194435.
- ^ Lander ES (2011). "Initial impact of the sequencing of the human genome". Nature 479 (7333): 187–197. Bibcode:2011Natur.470..187L. doi:10.1038/nature09792. PMID 21307931.
- ^ Greely, Henry (1992). The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 264–65. ISBN 0-674-13646-2.
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- ^ Genetics Home Reference (2013). "What were some of the ethical, legal, and social implications addressed by the Human Genome Project?". ghr.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Further reading[edit]
- Victor K. McElheny (2010). Drawing the Map of Life: Inside the Human Genome Project. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-03260-0. 361 pages. Examines the intellectual origins, history, and motivations of the project to map the human genome; draws on interviews with key figures.
- Collins F (2006). The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief. Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-8639-1. OCLC 65978711.
- Venter, J. Craig (October 18, 2007). A Life Decoded: My Genome: My Life. New York, New York: Viking Adult. ISBN 0-670-06358-4. OCLC 165048736.
External links[edit]
- Human Genome Project official information page
Wikinews has related news: Mexico presents first population-wide genome map for a Latin country |
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Genes, Technology and Policy |
- Delaware Valley Personalized Medicine Project Uses data from the Human Genome Project to help make medicine personal
- National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). NHGRI led the National Institutes of Health's contribution to the International Human Genome Project. This project, which had as its primary goal the sequencing of the three thousand million base pairs that make up human genome, was successfully completed in April 2003.
- Human Genome News. Published from 1989 to 2002 by the US Department of Energy, this newsletter was a major communications method for coordination of the Human Genome Project. Complete online archives are available.
- Project Gutenberg hosts e-texts for Human Genome Project, titled Human Genome Project, Chromosome Number # (# denotes 01-22, X and Y). This information is raw sequence, released in November 2002; access to entry pages with download links is available through http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3501 for Chromosome 1 sequentially to http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3524 for the Y Chromosome. Note that this sequence might not be considered definitive due to ongoing revisions and refinements. In addition to the chromosome files, there is a supplementary information file dated March 2004 which contains additional sequence information.
- The HGP information pages Department of Energy's portal to the international Human Genome Project, Microbial Genome Program, and Genomics:GTL systems biology for energy and environment
- yourgenome.org: The Sanger Institute public information pages has general and detailed primers on DNA, genes and genomes, the Human Genome Project and science spotlights.
- Ensembl project, an automated annotation system and browser for the human genome
- UCSC genome browser, This site contains the reference sequence and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes. It also provides a portal to the ENCODE project.
- Nature magazine's human genome gateway, including the HGP's paper on the draft genome sequence
- Wellcome Trust Human Genome website A free resource allowing you to explore the human genome, your health and your future.
- Learning about the Human Genome. Part 1: Challenge to Science Educators. ERIC Digest.
- Learning about the Human Genome. Part 2: Resources for Science Educators. ERIC Digest.
- Patenting Life by Merrill Goozner
- Prepared Statement of Craig Venter of Celera Venter discusses Celera's progress in deciphering the human genome sequence and its relationship to healthcare and to the federally funded Human Genome Project.
- Cracking the Code of Life Companion website to 2-hour NOVA program documenting the race to decode the genome, including the entire program hosted in 16 parts in either QuickTime or RealPlayer format.
- Lone Dog L (1999). "Whose genes are they? The Human Genome Diversity Project". J Health Soc Policy 10 (4): 51–66. doi:10.1300/J045v10n04_04. PMID 10538186.