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A collection of news and information related to Washington Nationals published by this site and its partners.
Top Washington Nationals Articles
Displaying items 78-88
Sports TV and radio: Sunday's 10/28 log (updated Sunday AM with tennis, radio changes)
Story | Oct 26, 2012 | 11:17 PM5 a.m. Motorsports: Formula One Grand Prix of India (in Greater Noida).--Speed 7 a.m. Running: Marine Corps Marathon.--CSN 8:30 a.m. Tennis: WTA Championships doubles final: Maria Kirilenko-Nadia Petrova vs. Andrea Hlavackova-Lucie Hradecka.--... -
Baseball: How Hampton Roads players are faring in the majors and minors (through 4/29)
Sports TV and radio: Sunday's 5/6 logs (updated Sun. AM)
Story | May 5, 2012 | 11:24 PM8 a.m. Golf: Spanish Open final round (t. in Seville).--Golf 8 a.m. Motorsports: MotoGP World Championship (in Estoril, Portugal).--Speed 9 a.m. Baseball: Maryland at Florida State (t.).--CSN 9 a.m. Talk: Sports Highlights (t.; on Cox cable... -
Sports TV and radio: Friday's 5/18 logs (updated Thursday AM)
Story | May 16, 2012 | 11:48 PM6 a.m. Tennis: Rome Masters quarterfinals.--Tennis Channel 8 a.m. Golf: World Match Play (second-round group stage, in Malaga, Spain).--Golf 10:30 a.m. Motorsports: NASCAR Truck Series practice (at Charlotte).--Speed 11:30 a.m. Football: Oct.... -
Living Here: Famous people, places and things
Story | May 23, 2012 | 9:37 AMHampton Roads is known around the world for its people — as being from here, as a come-here, or for just passing through — as well as places and things. It's known for its Bacon (as in Nathaniel), its ham (as in Smithfield), its presidents... -
Sports TV and radio: Sunday's 9/2 log (updated Saturday AM)
Story | Aug 31, 2012 | 10:51 PM7 a.m. Golf: European Masters final round (in Crans-sur-Sierre, Switzerland).--Golf 7:30 a.m. Motorsports: Formula One Grand Prix of Belgium(in Francorchamps).--Speed 9 a.m. Talk: Sports Highlights (d.; on Cox cable channel 47 and Verizon FiOs 17... -
Sports TV and radio: Monday's 9/3 log (updated Sunday AM)
Story | Sep 1, 2012 | 9:05 PM10:30 a.m. Basketball: Feb. 1990 adults: Whirlwinds vs. Crabpots.--LSC 48 11 a.m. Tennis: U.S. Open round of 16.--CBS: WTKR 3, WTVR 6 11 a.m. Tennis: U.S. Open round of 16.--CBS Sports Network 11:30 a.m. Golf: PGA Deutsche Bank Championship... -
Sports TV and radio: Sunday's 10/7 log (updated Sat. PM)
Story | Oct 6, 2012 | 9:22 AM6:30 a.m. College highlights: Hampton football.--Fox: WVBT 43 7:30 a.m. Golf: Alfred Dunhill Links Championship final round.--Golf 7:30 a.m. Tennis: China Open finals: Victoria Azarenka vs. Maria Sharapova (l.), then Jo-Wilfried Tsonga vs.... -
Sports TV and radio: Sunday's 9/9 log (updated Sunday AM)
Story | Sep 8, 2012 | 9:49 PM6:30 a.m. College highlights: Hampton football.-- Fox: WVBT 43 6:30 a.m. Golf: KLM Open final round (in Hilversum, the Netherlands).--Golf 7:30 a.m. Motorsports: Formula One Grand Prix of Italy(in Monza).--Speed 9 a.m. Talk: Sports... -
Sports TV and radio: Friday's 6/8 log (updated Friday AM)
Story | Jun 7, 2012 | 10:33 PM7 a.m. Tennis: French Open semifinal: David Ferrer vs. Rafael Nadal.--Tennis Channel 9 a.m. Golf: Nordea Masters third round (t. in Stockholm, Sweden).--Golf 10 a.m. Basketball: Pre-NBA draft combine (in Chicago).--ESPNU 10:30 a.m. Basketball:... -
Baseball: How Hampton Roads players are faring in the majors and minors (through 6/11)


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Frederick, Gaithersburg, Bethesda ranked among most secure places to live
For the fourth year in a row, Farmers Insurance has ranked the most secure cities in the country, and part of our area makes the cut.
The metropolitan area of Frederick, Gaithersburg, and Bethesda landed in the top ten. As you can imagine, residents welcome the news.
Autria Godfrey has more.
Gaithersburg residents said you'll find a "community with character," like it says on their flags, in this town. Here, even the street names promise an enjoyable stay.
Andi Vodo, who works in Bethesda, is convinced it's the safest city in the whole Washington area.
Beyond crime, the ranking took into account other factors like the risk of natural disasters, terrorist threat, life expectancy, and job loss numbers. The Maryland metropolis came in at number nine.
Folks throughout the trio of cities say secure to them means safe.
"A lot of people love to be outside and you always feel comfortable walking the streets so it's definitely a great place to live," said Matt Burton, a Bethesda resident.
The same sentiment felt by the man responsible for keeping the city so secure.
"I feel safe here, I've lived here my whole life. My mother was actually born in a house in Gaithersburg and we've always felt safe," said Gaithersburg Mayor Sidney Katz.
Some residents say they were actually surprised by the ranking. Given that they live so close to D.C. and inside the beltway, they figured they were more susceptible to a terrorist attack. Seeing this ranking was comforting to them.
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Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends: Findings of the Condition and Trends Working GroupHumans have changed ecosystems more rapidly and extensively in the last 50 years than in any comparable period of human history. We have done this to meet the growing demands for food, fresh water, timber, fiber, and fuel. While changes to ecosystems have enhanced the well-being of billions of people, they have also caused a substantial and largely irreversible loss in diversity of life on Earth, and have strained the capacity of ecosystems to continue providing critical services. Among the findings: Approximately 60% of the services that support life on Earth are being degraded or used unsustainably. The harmful consequences of this degradation could grow significantly worse in the next 50 years. Only four ecosystem services have been enhanced in the last 50 years: crops, livestock, aquaculture, and the sequestration of carbon. The capacity of ecosystems to neutralize pollutants, protect us from natural disasters, and control the outbreaks of pests and diseases is declining significantly. Terrestrial and freshwater systems are reaching the limits of their ability to absorb nitrogen. Harvesting of fish and other resources from coastal and marine systems is compromising their ability to deliver food in the future. Richly illustrated with maps and graphs, Current State and Trends presents an assessment of Earth's ability to provide twenty-four distinct services essential to human well-being. These include food, fiber, and other materials; the regulation of the climate and fresh water systems; underlying support systems such as nutrient cycling; and the fulfillment of cultural, spiritual, and aesthetic values. The volume pays particular attention to the current health of key ecosystems, including inland waters, forests, oceans, croplands, and dryland systems, among others. It will be an indispensable reference for scientists, environmentalists, agency professionals, and students. |
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World Resources, 2000-2001: People and Ecosystems, the Fraying Web of Life World Resources Institute No preview available - 2000 |
MA Conceptual Framework | 25 |
Analytical Approaches for Assessing Ecosystem Condition and Human Wellbeing | 37 |
Drivers of Ecosystem Change Summary Chapter | 73 |
Biodiversity | 77 |
Ecosystem Conditions and Human Wellbeing | 123 |
Vulnerable Peoples and Places | 143 |
Fresh Water | 165 |
Food | 209 |
Marine Fisheries Systems | 477 |
Coastal Systems | 513 |
Inland Water Systems | 551 |
Forest and Woodland Systems | 585 |
Dryland Systems | 623 |
Island Systems | 663 |
Mountain Systems | 681 |
Polar Systems | 717 |
Timber Fuel and Fiber | 243 |
New Products and Industries from Biodiversity | 271 |
Biodiversity Regulation of Ecosystem Services | 297 |
Nutrient Cycling | 331 |
Climate and Air Quality | 355 |
Human Health Ecosystem Regulation of Infectious Diseases | 391 |
Waste Processing and Detoxification | 417 |
Regulation of Natural Hazards Floods and Fires | 441 |
Cultural and Amenity Services | 455 |
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Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment. and decision-making should be of use to a wide array of individuals and institu- ...
www.ecodes.org/ pages/ areas/ salud_medioambiente/ documentos/ ecosystems_human_wellbeing.pdf
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment. this land for centuries), by biophysical factors (this land and climate is the ...
www.millenniumassessment.org/ documents/ document.302.aspx.pdf
Ecosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessment
human ecology,ecosystems,management,Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (Program
www.cifor.cgiar.org/ Publications/ Detail?pid=1866
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A framework for assessment ... Title: Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A framework for assessment ...
www.energyandenvironment.undp.org/ undp/ index.cfm?module=Library&
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In: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessment / Alcamo, J., Bennett, em, . - Washington DC. ...
library.wur.nl/ WebQuery/ wurpubs?author=leemans&
Alcamo: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
$27.95 (pb). 11 Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Alcamo, J., Bennett, E.(2003). Ecosystems and human well-being: A framework for assessment. ...
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Ecosystems and Human Well-Being : A Framework for Assessment ...
紀伊國屋書店 Ecosystems and Human Well-Being : A Framework for Assessment by Alcamo, Joseph (EDT)/ Hassan, Rashid (ED Island Pr 税込価格:\0.
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8.0 Results of Feedback from FMT Technologies: U.S. Phase
8.1 Copilot ® (PERCLOS), SafeTRAC ® , and AP+ ® truck outcomes: U.S. Phase
8.1.1 Analyses of PERCLOS (from Copilot ®) during night driving ≥ 30 mph
PERCLOS (percent slow eyelid closure) obtained from the Copilot ® technology during night driving above 30 mph, was a primary outcome variable for hypothesis testing. Tables 18-21 provide the descriptive analyses of changes in four values of Copilot ® estimates of PERCLOS during night hours. Weighting factors for all outcomes analyzed are shown in Table 22 and in Table 30 (for analyses based on night driving). The doubly weighted mixed model analysis of variance found that the average median PERCLOS was reduced from 3.47 with NO FEEDBACK to 2.64 with FEEDBACK (Tables 20 and 21). The mean change in these medians was -0.83 (SE = 0.31). The null hypothesis that the average change in median PERCLOS is equal to zero was rejected with t = 2.70, df = 8, p = 0.027 (Table 21). Nearly identical results were observed when attention was restricted to nighttime driving (Table 28) and when the average value was measured by distribution medians (Tables 21 and 29) . Thus, the U.S. study phase provided evidence that the FMT feedback resulted in shifts toward lower levels of sleepiness as reflected in smaller values of PERCLOS. The use of median values, which are less influenced by skewness or outliers in the driver and condition-specific distributions, produced results suggesting decreased sleepiness with use of the FMT FEEDBACK relative to the NO FEEDBACK condition. The systematic skewness in the PERCLOS distributions detailed in Data Quality Tables 26 and 27 suggested that the median values may better reflect typical values. Therefore, analyses involving the non-parametric summaries were interpreted as the most important.
8.1.2 Analyses of "Driver Alertness" (from SafeTRAC ® ) during driving ≥ 30 mph
The second primary outcome variable used in hypothesis testing was obtained from the SafeTRAC ® technology during all driving above 30 mph. This was the SafeTRAC® output labeled "Driver Alertness" as estimated by a proprietary algorithm involving stable lane tracking. The weighted mean SafeTRAC® "driver alertness" estimate during the NO FEEDBACK and FEEDBACK conditions were 69.84 and 75.89, respectively (Table 19). The weighted estimate of the mean increase from the NO FEEDBACK to FEEDBACK change in SafeTRAC alertness was 6.06 (SE = 2.30). The increase in mean alertness was statistically significant (t = 2.63, p = 0.030). Nearly identical results were observed when attention was restricted to nighttime driving (Table 28) and when the average value was measured by distribution medians (Tables 21 and 29). Specifically, the nighttime driving weighted median values during the NO FEEDBACK and FEEDBACK conditions were 71.36 and 77.27, respectively (Table 29). The weighted estimate of the mean increase in median SafeTRAC alertness from the nighttime NO FEEDBACK to nighttime FMT FEEDBACK conditions was 5.91 (SE = 2.21). This increase in the mean median value of alertness was statistically significant (t = 2.67, p = 0.028). Considering both the mean and median methods of estimation, unweighted and weighted, all driving or only nighttime driving, virtually all SafeTRAC results reflected a statistically significant increase in driver alertness due to the FEEDBACK intervention. Therefore, the positive effects of FMT FEEDBACK on estimates of driver alertness using the SafeTRAC® indication of "alertness" were consistent with the positive effects of FMT FEEDBACK on Copilot® indicators of reduced sleepiness (PERCLOS) during night driving in the U.S. study phase.
8.1.3 Analyses of Lane Tracking Variability (from SafeTRAC ® ) during driving ≥ 30 mph
The third primary outcome measure used in hypothesis testing was Lane Tracking Variability obtained from the SafeTRAC ® technology during all driving above 30 mph . The crude lane tracking measure was converted into lateral distance. Two measures of variability in lateral distance were examined, the standard deviation (SD; Tables 18 and 19) and the interquartile range (IQR; Tables 20 and 21). The lateral distance interquartile range decreased by about 20% from 47.99 to 38.40 (Table 21). In mixed model weighted analyses, the estimated mean change in the lateral distance IQR was -9.59 (SE = 6.25). This difference did not reach statistical significance (t = -1.53, p = 0.164) for all driving time. The average unweighted IQR (Table 28) during the NO FEEDBACK and FEEDBACK conditions were 45.78 and 38.22, respectively. The mean change (SD) in the IQR values was -7.56 (9.37) with minimum and maximum values of -30.0 and 2.0, respectively. The descriptive t-test suggested a statistically significant feedback effect (p = 0.042). Based on the unweighted data, the standardized effect size was ES = -7.56/9.37 = 0.81. A sample size of n = 15 is necessary to achieve at least 80% power to reject the null hypothesis that the mean difference in the lateral distance IDQ is equal to 0 for effect sizes of 0.81 or greater. The results from weighted mixed model analyses restricted to nighttime driving (Table 29) were similar, but showed only a trend (p = 0.083). Although only a statistical trend, lane tracking variability improved with FMT FEEDBACK during night driving in the U.S. study phase, consistent with the effects observed of PERCLOS and SafeTRAC estimates of drivers' sleepiness and alertness, respectively.
8.1.4 Analyses of Steering Wheel and Front Wheel Movement Variability (from AP+ ® ) during driving ≥ 30 mph
A fourth class of outcomes also evaluated relative to the primary hypothesis were s teering wheel mean variability and front wheel movement variability obtained from the AP+ ® system during all driving above 30 mph. As Tables 18-21 indicate, there were only 7 drivers evaluated for these variables after data cleaning-as with the Canada study phase, we suspect that problems with steering sensors contributed to loss of reliable steering and front wheel movement data in the U.S. study phase. As Table 19 reveals, significant increases in the mean standard deviation (SD) were observed for both steering wheel movements (weighted mixed model p = 0.001) and front wheel movements (p = 0.008). Very similar results emerged when analyses were restricted to night driving. However, as Table 21 reveals, no significant differences were observed for the IQR measures (p = 0.553 and p = 0.352, respectively, for steering wheel and front wheel movements). In fact, the results for front wheel movements changed direction with a smaller mean IQR observed with FEEDBACK (Table 21). Upon inspection of the distribution details (Data Quality Tables 19-23 in Appendix C-1), there were extreme outliers in 3 instances (1 case in the NO FEEDBACK and 2 cases in the FEEDBACK condition) which likely influenced the results. Consequently, given the inconsistency between the SD and the IQR results, it appears that no definitive conclusions can be made in the U.S. study phase on the basis of changes in steering wheel and front wheel movement variability.
8.1.5 Analyses of Truck Motion Variables (from AP+ ® ) during driving ≥ 30 mph
For completeness, the other AP+ ® vehicle parameters were subjected to the same analyses. These included the truck motion variables (vehicle speed, engine rotation, longitudinal acceleration [X], lateral acceleration [Y]), and ambient light. These variables were not a priori hypothesized to be different between NO FEEDBACK and FEEDBACK conditions. This was the case for all these variables in both the Canada and U.S. study phases ( Tables 18-21) .
8.2 Comparison of U.S. Phase and Canada Phase for primary driving outcomes relative to FMT FEEDBACK
Tables 33 to 47 were constructed to facilitate general comparisons between the results from the Canadian and U.S. study phases relative to the effects of FMT FEEDBACK versus NO FEEDBACK. These Tables have the same structure as the primary analysis Tables, reflecting each of the four components of the data analyses hierarchy: (1) unweighted analysis of parametric distribution, (2) doubly weighted mixed model analysis of parametric distribution, (3) unweighted analysis of non-parametric distribution, and (4) doubly weighted mixed model analysis of non-parametric distribution. There are sets of Tables for all driving (Tables 33 to 40) and driving during the nighttime (Tables 41 to 48). Even-numbered Tables show the results for each study phase (e.g., Table 33 contains results from Tables 2 and 18), as well as comparisons between the p values for NO FEEDBACK vs FEEDBACK comparisons within each study phase (at the bottom of the Tables). Odd-numbered Tables display the NO FEEDBACK vs FEEDBACK comparisons for each of the primary driving outcomes for the two study phases combined (i.e., n = 18 to 27).
Composite Table 47 and Table 48 summarize the primary results of NO FEEDBACK versus FEEDBACK comparisons for the U.S. and Canada study phases during night driving, using non-parametric distributional summaries (medians and interquartile ranges). This is the most succinct summary of study results because in most cases the results were very similar to those obtained using parametric distribution summaries (means and standard deviations) and in cases where there were qualitative differences, the non-parametric results made more sense, and the doubly weighted, mixed model analysis of variance was considered the most definitive for comparisons. The non-parametric distributional summaries are used (medians and interquartile ranges) because in most cases the results were very similar to those obtained using parametric distribution summaries (means and standard deviations), and in cases where there were qualitative differences, the non-parametric results made more sense given high inter-subject variability. Tables 47 and 48 are reprinted for ease of viewing.
As can be seen in Table 47, in both the U.S. and Canada study phases, the average median values of Copilot® recordings of PERCLOS decreased, the average median values of the SafeTRAC® "alertness" score increased, and the average value of SafeTRAC® measure of lane tracking variability (lateral distance interquartile ranges) decreased during nighttime driving in the FMT FEEDBACK condition relative to the NO FEEDBACK (control) condition. In the U.S. study phase-where the vast majority of driving was at night-these changes were statistically significant for Copilot® PERCLOS and SafeTRAC Alertness measures, and marginally significant for the SafeTRAC® measure of lane tracking variability. However, the changes were not statistically reliable in the Canada study phase.
Table 47: PERCLOS, SafeTRAC, and AP+ Outcomes during Night Driving Mixed Model ANOVA Comparisons Based on Doubly Weighted Medians and IQR's
Although statistical power is generally low for tests of interaction, the differences between study phases in the changes in median PERCLOS were not statistically significant (see bottom of Table 47). Similarly, study differences between the mean changes in median
SafeTRAC alertness was also not significant. Mean reductions in the SafeTRAC® measure of lane tracking variability were statistically significantly larger in the U.S. study phase compared to the Canada study phase (-6.97 vs. -1.25, p = 0.039). Comparisons between studies in steering wheel movements and front wheel movements were not meaningful because of differences in the scales of the metrics.
Table 48 summarizes composite results for night driving from pooling data from the two study phases. This is presented for descriptive purposes only. It is noteworthy that when data are combined from the two study phases, FMT FEEDBACK had the following positive effects relative to NO FEEDBACK: Reduction in slow eyelid closures as measured by Copilot® scores for PERCLOS (t = -3.24, p =0.004); increased alertness as measured by SafeTRAC® scores for "driver alertness" (t = 3.49, p =0.002); and reduced variability in lane tracking as measured by SafeTRAC® (t = -2.96, p =0.007). The convergence of these measures showing improvements in fatigue indices during nighttime driving with FMT Feedback is striking. It suggests that with a focus on night driving, when fatigue and sleepiness would be expected to have a higher probability of occurrence, a larger sample size would reveal that FEEDBACK from fatigue management technologies (Copilot, SleepWatch, SafeTRAC, HPCS) has the potential to reduce slow eyelid closures (PERCLOS), increase alertness (as measured by lane tracking), and decrease lane tracking variability in experienced truck drivers.
8.3 Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT-192) performance outcomes: U.S. Phase
As in the Canada study phase, U.S. study phase drivers were provided with a portable psychomotor vigilance task (PVT-192) test device while on the road, to provide information on their behavioral alertness as assessed by reaction-time (RT) based vigilance performance at the midpoint and end of each driving workday. It was hypothesized that relative to the NO FEEDBACK condition, FMT FEEDBACK would reduce PVT performance lapses, improve median RT performance, and reduce subjective sleepiness (as measured by a visual analog scale [VAS] drivers completed at the end of each PVT task trial).
8.3.1 PVT-192 performance variables
PVT data were available for all 12 drivers in the U.S. study phase. The total number of PVT trials in the NO FEEDBACK condition during the day, evening, and night times-of-day were 37, 12, and 178, respectively. Similarly, in the FEEDBACK condition, there were 32, 3, and 174 total trials during the day, evening, and night time intervals. Table 23 displays PVT variables and the results of comparisons between FEEDBACK and NO FEEDBACK conditions (see Appendix D-2 for complete PVT results). Consistent with the high amount of night driving in the U.S. study phase, the vast majority of PVT trials were conducted at night (352 night trials vs. 84 day and evening trials for all 12 drivers).
Table 48: AP+ and SafeTRAC Outcomes at Night Mixed Model ANOVA Comparisons Based on Doubly-Weighted Medians or IQR's
As in the Canada study phase, the total number of PVT lapses (RT ≥ 500ms), median response time, and subjective sleepiness by VAS (post-PVT trial) were the primary PVT outcome variables. The remaining variables were analyzed as secondary outcome variables. Although the originally planned mixed modeling approach examined the statistically significance of time-of-day interaction on FEEDBACK condition effects, the very few numbers of non-night trials prevented meaningful analyses in this regard. Therefore, interpretations of the main effects of the FEEDBACK condition and analyses restricted to nighttime trials were emphasized in the U.S. study phase.
184.108.40.206 Mixed model analyses of PVT-192 responses: Raw lapses (RT 3 500 ms)
The interaction model (i.e., feedback condition, time-of-day, time-of-day by feedback condition) was used to compute an adjusted intraclass correlation (ICC). The ICC is the proportion of total variance explained by systematic differences among drivers after accounting for time-of-day and feedback condition effects. Assessment of ICC was taken as a quality control procedure and to document the ability of this study to obtain reliable PVT performance assessments in the field.
The intraclass correlation for PVT raw lapses in the U.S. study phase was 0.303 (p = 0.014), indicating that 30% of the variance among the number of vigilance lapses was attributable to systematic differences among drivers after accounting for time-of-day effects and FMT condition effects. Consequently, multiple testing reliability, although statistically significant, was somewhat smaller than the ICC = 0.473 value found in the Canadian study phase. During night trials, the model predicted more lapses in the FEEDBACK condition compared to the NO FEEDBACK condition (3.12 vs. 4.59; t = 2.83, df = 11, p = 0.016). There was an increase in total PVT performance lapses per trial under the FEEDBACK condition relative to NO FEEDBACK condition.
For comparison purposes, in the Canadian study, the expected numbers of lapses per trial were 2.54 and 2.34 during the nighttime with NO FEEDBACK and FEEDBACK, respectively (p=0.332). The U.S. study finding of an increase contradicts the small non-significant decrease previously observed. On the other hand, in the Canadian study, PVT lapses were significantly elevated in the daytime and evening in the FEEDBACK condition (relative to the NO FEEDBACK condition). It appears therefore that PVT lapses were elevated in each study in the FEEDBACK condition, relative to the NO FEEDBACK (control) conditions, and the increase occurred during the portion of the 24-hr day in which drivers most often were driving (i.e., daytime for the Canada drivers, and nighttime for the U.S. drivers). Increased PVT lapses are a sign of reduced behavioral alertness. While the increases engendered in both study phases are not large, they are statistically reliable, and must be explained. Possible reasons for why PVT lapses were increased in the FMT FEEDBACK conditions in both study phases are not clear, but the findings suggest that there may be a fatigue-related "cost" to the added effort (in attention and compensatory behaviors) required to respond to the feedback from the FMT devices, and that effort may manifest itself when performing a demanding vigilance-based reaction time task while not driving. Other explanations are also possible (see below).
18.104.22.168 Mixed model analyses of PVT-192 responses: Median reaction times
The ICC for PVT median response time was even smaller than or lapses (ICC = 0.246; p = 0.015) in the U.S. study phase compared to the value observed in the Canadian study phase (ICC = 0.709). It is unclear as to the cause of this apparent reduced reproducibility. As shown in Table 23, similar to total lapses, during night PVT trials in the U.S. study phase, the model predicted median PVT response time was higher in the FEEDBACK condition compared to the NO FEEDBACK condition (243 ms vs. 258 ms; t = 5.14, df = 11, p < 0.0001). In the Canada study phase, PVT median values during the nighttime were 256 ms and 255 ms with NO FEEDBACK and FEEDBACK, respectively (p = 0.851). Again, however, as with PVT lapse frequency (above), the significant increase of nighttime median reaction times on the PVT found in the FEEDBACK phase of the U.S. study phase-while modest in size-were consistent with the statistically significant increases in PVT median reaction times in the FEEDBACK phase of the Canada study phase (in the day and evening driving conditions).
Since FEEDBACK was also associated with elevations in PVT lapses (long reaction times) in both studies, the concurrence on reliable increases in median RTs further supports a "cost" to behavioral alertness associated with the FEEDBACK condition. An alternative explanation is that the small but statistically significant changes observed in PVT performance in both study phases (during the most common driving time-of-day for each) may reflect a "letting down" phenomena, in which drivers reduced their motivation on the PVT task ever so slightly with the view that they were in the final weeks/days of the study and did not need to try as hard. Since the FEEDBACK and NO FEEDBACK conditions were deliberately not counterbalanced to prevent drivers from using FMT devices (had the NO FEEDBACK condition followed the FEEDBACK condition), we cannot be certain that "motivation" wasn't the factor producing the PVT results. On the other hand, if the PVT changes found during FEEDBACK in both study phases were due to motivation, one would not expect to find drivers ratings to be elevated in the FEEDBACK condition relative to the NO FEEDBACK condition. The next section presents these results.
18.104.22.168 Mixed model analyses of PVT-192 responses: Post-PVT Sleepiness Rating
Table 23 reveals that the intraclass correlations for the U.S. study phase post-PVT sleepiness ratings (by visual analog scale) were larger than for PVT lapses and median response time (ICC = 0.429; p = 0.012), and in this case, larger than the value observed in the Canadian study phase (ICC=0.289). During the nighttime PVT tests in the U.S. study phase, the expected subjective sleepiness was significantly lower during the NO FEEDBACK condition compared to the FEEDBACK condition (3.29 vs. 5.33; t = 6.63, df = 11, p < 0.0001). This result is in the opposite direction to that found in the Canadian study phase where the expected values at night were 7.56 for the NO FEEDBACK condition and 6.18 for the FEEDBACK condition (p = 0.009, Table 12). In the U.S. data, the finding of increased subjective sleepiness observed for the post-PVT test sleepiness VAS rating was also observed for the pre-PVT subjective sleepiness rating (p < 0.0001, see bottom of Table 23). Thus, in terms of subjective sleepiness, the FEEDBACK condition appeared to increase drivers' self-rated levels of sleepiness at night in the U.S. study phase. While this finding is contrary to that found in the Canadian study phase, it is fully consistent with the U.S. study phase results for PVT lapses and median reaction times, as well as other PVT parameters (fastest 10% RTs, slowest reciprocal RTs-see Table 23). This convergence of subjective and objective PVT results suggesting greater fatigue during the nighttime PVT test bouts in the FEEDBACK condition of the U.S. study phase makes it unlikely that driver motivation accounted for the results. Instead, it lends further support to the possibility that FMT FEEDBACK in drivers who operate primarily at night may have alertness-promoting benefits during driving (Table 21), but such feedback may also create a modest "cost" to the added effort (in attention and compensatory behaviors) required to respond to the feedback from the FMT devices. That "cost" may manifest itself as slightly worse performance and greater subjective sleepiness when performing a demanding vigilance-based reaction time task such as the PVT (while not driving).
184.108.40.206 Mixed model analyses of PVT-192 responses: Secondary PVT outcomes
Results for the secondary PVT outcomes are also summarized in Table 23. As noted above, these other PVT performance variables supported the findings of the primary PVT outcomes (lapses, median RT and post-PVT sleepiness). During the night driving schedule, U.S. study phase drivers performed less well on the PVT in the FEEDBACK condition relative to the NO FEEDBACK condition. Thus, the results from PVT testing consistently showed worse performance under the FEEDBACK condition in the U.S. study phase, which was the opposite of the findings of reduced sleepiness suggested by the reduced median PERCLOS, increased mean SafeTRAC Alertness, and improved driving performance suggested by the reductions in mean lateral distance IQR.
8.4 SleepWatch ® ( Actigraphy) and Sleep Management Model ou tcomes: U.S. Phase
Mixed model ANOVA comparisons of actigraphy variables between the NO FEEDBACK condition and FEEDBACK condition are summarized in Table 24 from the U.S. study phase. Random effects including intraclass correlations are summarized in Table 25. ICC values adjusted for feedback condition were relatively large and statistically significant for almost all actigraphy outcomes demonstrating consistency within driver over days. Table 24 reveals that there was a significant increase in the number of sleep episodes in the FEEDBACK condition relative to the NO FEEDBACK. The mean per day value increased from 1.87 in the NO FEEDBACK condition to 2.11 in the FEEDBACK condition (p = 0.045).
8.5 Daily diary outcomes: U.S. Phase
As in the Canada study phase, U.S. drivers were provided a daily diary (Appendix B-1) to record driving conditions (weather, slow traffic, hilly roads, crosswinds, waiting); work activities (loading and unloading, deliveries, etc.); rest breaks and naps; days off; reactions to FMT devices; and day and night activities (work, rest, and sleep). Diary Tables 1 to 25 in Appendix E-2 provide per driver quantitative summaries of the diary data for 10 U.S. drivers. This subset of drivers did not coincide exactly with that of the "cleaned analysis samples" of the AP+ and PVT analyses above. Two drivers were excluded from these analyses because their diaries were not accurately maintained.
There were three types of daily diary variables summarized. Data were tabulated a number of ways, according to type of variable. The first was the proportion of days in which at least one event of a specific type was reported (e.g., long delays for traffic). Proportions were summarized by FMT condition (FEEDBACK vs. NO FEEDBACK). The second type of variable was the number of events per day. The descriptive diary Tables summarize the distributions over days for each driver separately for the NO FEEDBACK and FEEDBACK conditions. The third type of variable was the cumulative duration for the events summarized by frequency per day. These are also summarized in Tables in Appendix E-2.
Tables 31 and 32 show the results of descriptive analyses comparing the NO FEEDBACK condition to the FEEDBACK condition for the mean and median cumulative duration variables (Table 31) and for the mean and median frequency per day variables (Table 32). No systematic differences between conditions were found (see also Table 17). Although there were no formal statistical analyses performed to assess differences between the Canadian and U.S. study phases, it was obvious that the sample of drivers from each study phase had different work activities and driving chores-there were generally more events reported by the Canadian drivers because they had more loading chores. However, in terms of lack of diary differences between the NO FEEDBACK and FEEDBACK conditions, the U.S. study phase results agree with those from the Canada study phase. Thus, there was no evidence from drivers' daily diaries to support the hypothesis that FMT FEEDBACK resulted in increased sleep time relative to NO FEEDBACK. But diary measures appeared to be too limited in scope to effectively discern the differences found between workdays and non-workdays in sleep duration, and the effects of FEEDBACK on non-workday sleep durations based on actigraphy (see Section 9).
Foot Notes
IQR - interquartile range (75 th percentile minus 25 th percentile)
Doubly weighted-In these analyses, the statistics used to summarize sleepiness and performance for each driver within each experimental condition (No Feedback and Feedback) were made to optimally reflect 'typical' performance by weighting observed values proportionally to their observed record duration time by replicating records prior to computing statistics from the driver/condition specific distributions. These summary statistics included mean, median, standard deviation, and interquartile range values. Then, inference to the population with regard to differences between the no feedback and feedback conditions were made optimally efficient by giving greater weight to the above summary statistics that were estimated on the basis of larger cumulative AP+ recording times.
^ From mixed model with factor for country added.


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No one was hurt in a two-alarm fire in the South Side Auburn Gresham neighborhood Monday evening.
The fire in the 7900 block of South Union Avenue started just before 8 p.m., according to fire officials and dispatch reports.
Flames were seen coming from the second-floor and attic, Fire Media Affairs said. An extra alarm was called for the blaze, which was extinguished about 9:20 p.m.
The building dates back to around 1875, Fire Media Affairs said.
No one was injured, fire officials said.
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Forums → The Tavern
Thread Locked
Posted Apr 30, '08 at 9:01pm
70 posts
who do you think will win OBOMA OR HILARY sorry for the wrong spelling
Posted Apr 30, '08 at 9:02pm
765 posts
There is already a topi exactly like this, and this is in the wrond category.
Posted Apr 30, '08 at 9:03pm
oooo havent seen it
Posted Apr 30, '08 at 10:08pm
2,196 posts
And I think you need a better tittle dude!
Posted Apr 30, '08 at 10:13pm
5,108 posts
1. You're topic title is misspelled (should've used firefox).
2. You were aware of this misspelled word in your title and decided to comment on it in your post...
3. This topic is in the wrong forum.
4. It already exists in the proper forum.
Next time, try not to use bad language. It is against site rules. kthx.
Posted Apr 30, '08 at 10:15pm
389 posts
yeah dude and sooner or later this will get locked


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Color Standards
The official UIS colors are Blue and White. See below for standard color codes for print and electronic media (websites and other screen-based presentations).
Deep Navy
Pantone (PMS): #2955 CMYK: C-100, M-77, Y-35, K-26 Microsoft Word: #2955 RGB: R-0, G-51, B-102 Web Hex#: 003366 |
Pantone (PMS): White CMYK: C-0, M-0, Y-0, K-0 Microsoft Word: White RGB: R-255, G-255, B-255 Web Hex#: FFFFFF |
Website Color Codes:
(available on campus or with VPN only)


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Back to search results | |
Auction-styleTime: ending soonest | Buy it nowPrice + P&P: lowest first |
There are no New: auction-style listings for this product at this time. | |
See all New: Buy it now |
Description | |
The D-Link Xtreme N DIR-655 is a 21.6 Mbps portable router that provides Internet access to multiple devices simultaneously. This Huawei Technologies wireless N router is light enough to be carried anywhere, and is suitable for use with basically anything that can use a Wi-Fi connection, be it a laptop or a tablet. Featuring WEP, WPA, and WPA2 encryptions, this 21.6 Mbps portable router provides robust security to your wireless network. Being compatible with the 802.11b/g protocols, this Huawei Technologies wireless N router allows for download speeds of up to 21.1 Mbps. The D-Link Xtreme N DIR-655 is right for anyone who is looking out for solid wireless Internet connectivity. | |
Product Identifiers | |
Brand | Huawei |
Model | E586 |
Key Features | |
Wireless Technology | Wireless N |
Wireless Speed | 21.6 Mbps |
Connectivity | Wireless |
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Protocols | IP |


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"Distance" Christina Perri & Jason Mraz.
Dag, I cannot get this out of my head.
Tags: christina perri jason mraz distance adddddore.
Christina Perri - Distance (feat. Jason Mraz)
Obsessed a little.
And overly excited at the prospects of seeing this live soon.
(Source: youtube.com)
Tags: Christina Perri Jason Mraz Distance
Just a 20-something girl who loves sunshine, baseball, Georgia and baking--and who might just have a weakness for a good dare.
I claim no possession or rights of the photos shared on this blog, unless otherwise noted. Please feel free to click the photos for more information on their source.
Boston, I miss you. Especially at this time of the year.
You know when you were little and...
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Protecting Your Kids From Window Blinds
Child Safety with Window Treatments
We all know how important child safety is and we should all take steps to ensure that everything is done to focus on them.
With the topic of window treatments, child safety should begin with the manufacturer.
Nowadays, manufacturers of window treatments are taking more steps to ensure that their products do not cause injury or death to any children.
One way is by including hold down brackets for the cord or chain.
This little bracket will hold the chain or cord tight to the wall so the child is less likely to become entangled. As a parent, that sounds like good news to me.
You can also take it a step further by ordering your shades with a cordless option. For more on cordless window treatments check out these links at blinds Reno, blinds Toledo, blinds Detroit, blinds Boise, blinds Memphis and blinds Albuquerque. If you want motorized like somfy they have them too which can not be bought in walmart blinds and you will still save money since they have blinds for less than anyone else.
Best part is that you don't even need to leave your home, they ship to blinds Phoenix, blinds San Francisco, blinds Tulsa, window treatments chicago, blinds nyc, blinds Forth Worth, blinds Virginia Beach and blinds Jacksonville. They also have an assortment of bathroom window treatments that will make any bathroom look great!


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Recommended Just For You
Here's What Our Customers Are Saying
So much better than paper!
Ribbon Border Birth Announcement Magnets Love these!! With a black and white picture they are very classy and adorable. I know I always hang baby announcements and save the dates on our fridge so having them as a magnet already makes it easier for everyone! Plus they are durable and last a long time. I used these for my son two years ago and everyone still has them! I bet they have thrown out any paper ones from other people that are that old by now!
Magnet birth announcement
Baby Doll Girl Birth Announcement Magnets I was very disappointed once I received the magnets. I didn't realize how small the picture would be and my daughters name was barely legible. I didn't realize the pic would be the size of a thumbnail. When reviewing my order, it looked a lot better on the screen. On a positive note, customer service was nice enough.
Such a great way to announce our arrival!
Baby Doll Girl Birth Announcement Magnets We used Magnet Street when my son was born, so it was an obvious choice when our daughter was born too. The designs are cute and easy to use and edit.


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Scooters Pizza, The Coolest Pizza!
The new Scooters Pizza semi industrial look has stepped up the pace & raised
the bar for South African pizza company.
Read more...
RIP IE6, You will not be missed...IE6 is like an illness that just won't go away, but someone has written some tasty JQuery medicine, that will fix the problem...It's called IE6 Update, and looks like IE's Information Bar, but instead of offering your visitors an ActiveX plugin, it offers a browser update. | more... - 17/06/2009 00:00:00 |
Is the new Google Chrome broswer all it's cracked up to be?So Google have joined in the fun as well, and launched their own browser called Google Chrome.Why I hear you ask, well, actually I dont know to be honest. Dont get me wrong, I haveno objections to the fantastic set of tools Google has already equipped web developers with,as I use them daily to make my life a happier place. But, then, the question still lingers,why? | more...- 05/10/2008 00:00:00 |


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WASHINGTON - Uncle Nelson was vice president. Uncle Winthrop a senator. Great-grandfather Nelson a senator, too.
Political bloodlines, he had.
But the great American electoral dynasty that abruptly announced its end Friday, or at least signaled what looks to be a long, long pause, always evoked more. That name on the ballot - Rockefeller - meant money. It meant epic-scale success. It meant everything.
And it meant that Jay Rockefeller wasn't ever going to be just some Democratic senator from West Virginia. Rockefeller, who said Friday that he would not seek reelection in 2014 after nearly three decades in the Senate, was always going to be the oil titan John D. Rockefeller's great-grandson, too. One of the heirs to a legendary fortune.
"He's proud of being a Rockefeller. He talks about his uncles and his grandfather, about that legacy. It's an important part of who he is and how he thinks about himself," Rockefeller's longtime political adviser, Geoff Garin, said in an interview. "He found a way to be a Rockefeller that was about serving people."
Dynasties like these roll across American political history. Not just Rockefellers, but Adamses and Kennedys and Bushes. A nation formed to escape power granted as a birthright still embraces power that follows the contours of a family tree. Voters even expect it, and so do political scions.
"It's so predictable!" said Stephen Hess, a Brookings Institution senior fellow emeritus and author of the book "America's Political Dynasties." "It's daddy's business and increasingly it'll be mommy's business, too."
For Hess, each dynasty takes on a different aura. There were the "crafty" Roosevelts, headlined by a couple of presidents - Franklin Delano and Theodore - and his favorites, the Tafts, whose standout, William Howard, was about the "nicest" guy ever to occupy the Oval Office, in Hess's estimation, and who also managed to become chief justice of the Supreme Court.
The Rockefellers were almost incidental dynasty builders, Hess said. "That generation -the robber barons, if you want to call them that - wasn't interested in politics. Politics was something you could marry into."
Indeed, John D. Rockefeller's only son married the daughter of Nelson Aldrich, a prominent Republican senator of the late 1800s and early 1900s who wielded tremendous influence over monetary policies. Their son, Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, became governor of New York and was Gerald Ford's vice president. Another son, Winthrop Rockefeller, became governor of Arkansas.
"My great-grandfather, John D. Rockefeller, worked at it very, very hard. There's an ethic in the Rockefeller family of hard work," Jay Rockefeller wrote in an e-mail late Friday. "It's expected that everybody work hard. And there has been a tradition of public service."
John D. "Jay" Rockefeller IV entered politics unconventionally, drawn into that sphere by his experiences as a volunteer for VISTA (the precursor of Americorps) in Emmons, W.Va., a small coal mining town. "Coming to West Virginia was life-changing for him," Garin said. "West Virginia exposed him to a whole new world that broadened his world; and in a lot of respects it gave his career a defining purpose."
In the eyes of some, the newcomer who'd grown up in New York was "a carpetbagger," said John Raese, a West Virginia businessman who lost a tight Senate race against Rockefeller in 1984. He tried to "save Appalachia," Raese said mockingly.


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Aeronautics. Colorado Balloon, territory of Colorado be sent up. R . NI .News .May 4 p 1866 p . 4 c: . 2 "Flying ship" described; trial trip, New.York. 3.M.News.June12,1866 p.1 :-.2 Ship designed to fly th -ough'-ai-- des-=-:abed. R.M.News.0^_t.21,1883 p.16 ..-.?
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.


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Asia's beautiful heritage temples
Are you an architecture and culture enthusiast? Then you probably know that India is not the only place in the world that boasts beautiful temples. Enjoy this fascinating photo feature on temples around the world. Click on the links in each slide to enjoy more slideshows. You can also submit your heritage temple photos to our Flickr group
See More in Yahoo Cricket Widescreen
1 - 4 of 39
- WI won by 5 wkts.vs. ENGWI2nd T20I
- WI won by 27 runsvs. ENGWI1st T20I
- vs. AUSSA1st T20IMatch abandonedSun, Mar 09, 2014Port Elizabeth, South AfricaAustralia in South Africa ...


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The random musings of an indolent writer.
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Important Note: The recent release of WordPress 2.6 has fixed the disappearing entities bug this plugin was designed to fix, so once you upgrade to WordPress 2.6 please discontinue using this plugin. I may release a new plugin that prevents spaces from being stripped from the beginning of lines sometime in the near future.
Announcing the TinyMCE Entities Patch Plugin.
Prevent spaces and HTML entities (e.g. > or ') from disappearing when editing posts with TinyMCE.
After a few weeks of writing posts on WordPress, I was getting very irritated when all the HTML entities I added to my examples kept being converted into characters — e.g. HTML entities like > < " would convert to > < " when I saved the post I was working on.
To make matters worse, all the spaces I was using to align my coding examples would disappear when switching between "HTML" mode and "Visual" mode, even if I used the entity.
So, I finally bit the bullet and wrote this little plugin to fix these problems. It does just two things:
If you are writing blog posts with source code or HTML examples, you may find this little plugin helps you avoid a ton of aggravation. This blog page was written with this plugin enabled. Believe me, it made writing it a whole lot easier.
The plugin works with TinyMCE or the TinyMCE Advanced plugin.
Please note, this plugin is a patch for issues with WordPress's uses of TinyMCE, and not the editor itself.
(Not tested on any version of WordPress older than 2.5.1. It may work on earlier versions, but I just don't know for sure. Try it and see. If it doesn't work simply deactivate the plugin. If it does work, please let me know!!)
Here are the instructions for installing the plugin:
That's all there is to it. Next time you edit a post or page, when you add HTML entities (like > or <) or extra spaces they will remain as typed when you save and edit again later.
hi. Thanks for plugin
You know what, I've been thinking about this for a while now. I just hate when I'm trying to make a blank paragraph with &nsbp and it just disappears when i switch back and forth.
Thanks baron — I aim to please
This is a great plugin
This plug-in is really good
Comments are closed.


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Important notice to visa applicants and relocation of the Czech Embassy
,02.04.2013 / 13:33
The Czech Embassy in Nicosia will be reorganized with effect from 1 August 2013. As a result of the reorganization, the Embassy will no longer issue visas and residence permits. These functions will be transferred to the Czech Embassy in Athens. more ►


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Sony is expected to announce something PlayStation-related on the 20th of February, and while we think that it might be related to mobile devices since the date is pretty close to MWC, the WSJ has seemingly confirmed that the 20th of February is when the PlayStation 4 will be announced. Whether or not that is true remains to be seen, but in the meantime we're sure that many of you guys are curious as to how the console might look like. There hasn't really been much to go on lately on the design front, but designer Gavin Ringquist has come up with some concept renderings of what it might look like.
According to his imaginings, the PS4 will be more rectangular-ish than the PS3 which featured a curved top. Actually to be honest his rendering reminds us of the PS2, but with the edges slightly curved and looking decidedly more modern and glossier. The gamepad has also been reimagined with the Start and Select buttons looking like capacitive touch buttons rather than physical ones. It's very minimalist and understated which is actually a good thing since it will be easier to blend on a shelf, but what do you guys make of his concept? Yay or nay?
- Microsoft Could Work On Game Streaming Service On Smartphones
- Facebook: The Board Game Concept Wants To Get You Off The Internet
- ARAIG Seeks To Give Gamers Real Player Feedback Through Exoskeleton
- Microsoft IllumiRoom Could Equip The Xbox 720 With A Projector
- Microsoft IllumiRoom Concept Expands Your Game To Your Surroundings


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What's with the name?
Allow us to explain.
by Jill Pantozzi | 3:29 pm, July 17th, 2012
Whether it was the kid's idea or their parents, we're thankful for kids cosplaying at this year's Comic-Con International in San Diego. Why? Because: 1.) it gives us hope for future, epic, cosplays. 2.) They're frakking adorable! We think we've rounded up a pretty nice collection for you too "oooh" and "awww" at. Take a look! (And if you missed our gallery of impressive adults, check that out too!)
(via Lbc42)
See? Marvel and DC can totally work together!
(via ComicVine)
The family that cosplays together, stays together.
(via Nathan Hamill)
I just...I have no words.
(via Nicholas Brandt)
Doctor Who star Matt Smith asked a little girl at Comic-Con if she was scared of the Weeping Angels. When she replied with a yes, he told her not to worry, he was going to fight them all off. Looks like you're going to have to start with this one, Matt.
(via W100002)
Not sure they know how to tell time yet.
(via Kitkatinahat)
Did they shrink Johnny Depp? No, seriously.
(via ComicsAlliance)
(via Meet Me Backstage)
Little girl, you have an awesome caregiver.
(via JohnnyCashsAshes)
As you can see, there were tons of Iron Man/Tony Star cosplayers at Comic-Con. Robert Downey Jr. wound up surprising them on stage at the Marvel costume contest (and naming himself winner). Check out the video of it if you haven't already. He's the best.
(via Comics Beat)
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TAGS: Adventure Time | comic con | Comic-Con International | cosplay | cosplayers | DC Comics | Doctor Who | Edward Scissorhands | Hawkeye | Iron Man | Marvel Comics | Nyan Cat | Robert Downey Jr. | San Diego Comic-Con | Star Wars | Street Fighter | The Flash | The Simpsons
The thing that really makes the Amidala costume complete is the juice pouch.
OMG they were all soo cute! I want to squeeze them!!
I love that some of the mini- Iron Men have beards. Classic.
that so FREAKING CUTE
There historical female military leaders are here to kick butt and chew bubble gum, and they're all out of bubble gum.
Six video game couples that have stuck with me over the years, each representing a different sort of love.


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A little over a year ago, I wrote a blog post about why you shouldn't freak out about people opt-ing out of being tracked in Google Analytics. Yesterday, Google announced that they are using SSL to encrypt search queries and responses for people that are using Google.com and are logged into their Google accounts. The result of this change is that referrals from Google organic search in Google Analytics and other clickstream measurement tools will not be able to determine the keywords used in the search that brought a user to the studied site. The reporting of the fact that the visit was referred by Google organic search will be maintained.
Although this has widespread implications for both Search Engine Optimization and site optimization activities, I'd encourage you to not freak out about this change for a lot of same reasons that I outlined last year.
Why I'm Not Freaking Out – And You Shouldn't Either
I have no idea what to expect with this change – there is no way for me to predict how many of my sites' visitors are going to be coming from logged-in Google account holders. I do know the current impact of Google organic search to my portfolio of sites – it is the single biggest driver of organic (as opposed to paid) search traffic, providing, on average, 75% of visits. According to both Comscore and Hitwise, Google had a 66% market share of U.S. searches in September 2011.
This traffic is important to the overall goals of all of our sites. We spend a lot of time and effort on building and maintaining our sites' search traffic and this change has serious implications for both the quality and quantity of data that we use to drive these efforts. Despite this, I'm still not freaking out.
Using the same thought exercise as my previous post, imagine if 50% of Google's organic traffic had its keywords obfuscated because those visitors were logged into their Google accounts when they performed the search that ultimately brought them to your site:
It (Still) Isn't about the Individual Visit (or in This Case, Search) – Search data, like all other clickstream data, is useful in aggregate. By looking at the keywords searched and grouping them by theme, we can calculate the value of certain types of keywords vs. others (for example, brand terms vs. product terms). Losing 50% of this data will affect the number of Long Tail keywords that get reported and potentially affect the reporting of narrow segments of traffic that have few reported keywords, but not radically affect our conclusions on the aggregate "search intent" of our visitors.
Aggregate Data is More about Precision than Accuracy - With this thought exercise, we are again losing a bit of Accuracy without losing Precision. There is no reason to suspect that individuals search and post-search behavior is going to change because they happen to be logged into their Google account. The assumption that these individuals as a group do not significantly behave differently than all Google organic visitors is one that is easily tested within Google Analytics by comparing the group with reported keywords with the one whose search terms are obfuscated. Because of this (testable) assumption, we can draw conclusions that the "search intent" of the missing 50% in aggregate is going to be similar to the fully-reported 50%.
Perhaps most importantly, from a privacy standpoint, this is the right thing to do. I spend a lot of time connected to Wi-Fi in other offices, coffee shops, hotels, at conferences, and other places where a nefarious system administrator could easily snoop on my search queries and other non-encrypted web usage data. Google's new two-factor authentication makes me secure accessing Google products (including Google Analytics!) while connected to potentially sketchy Wi-Fi. Now I have the same level of comfort while using Google search in potentially unfriendly places.
The data will show the impact of the change in the next few days as it is rolled out to everyone. Regardless of the scope of the data that has been affected, I hope this post had made a strong argument for not freaking out about it.
I was inspired to write this post this evening after looking at my LinkedIn social graph and seeing the recent career arcs of some of my former colleagues (more on this later).
This post is to thank and highlight a video from a person that has had a tremendous amount of influence to my career: Avinash Kaushik. This video was recorded back in 2007, and talks about a topic that is near and dear to my heart:
In the wrong context or to the wrong people, talking about "culture" causes people's eyes to glaze over. Based on my experience, I am no longer one of those people. My tale of developing a data-driven culture in a large corporation follows:
In 2006, I accepted a position as a Senior Manager of Web Analytics for a large business services firm. As the product manager of the organization's enterprise-wide web analytics software and data collection framework, I had my hands full developing a data capture and reporting framework as part of a complete web reboot by the company. Although implementing an enterprise click stream tool as well as a framework for web data integration into the company's data warehouse was a technically complex task, it was fairly straightforward once the requirements were determined.
What was not straightforward, however, was how to develop a data-driven culture in regards to how the company used its web data.
The organization had nine different, quasi-independent business units with about thirty-five different web sites. Nobody from the business units was focused on web analytics, however, each business unit had a web team that was focused on managing the content on the sites. My goal was to transform those positions from content managers into data driven product managers of their web sites.
So how did I attempt to accomplish this? I empowered the web managers with their own data. I trained the web teams on both our clickstream and data warehouse tools and gave them the ability to independently develop actionable insight about their clients' web usage.
Less than a year later, these managers could look at both individual and aggregate customer data and determine how specific web-based activity affected their business units' bottom line. They had total visibility into all of the company's marketing data, allowing them to explore the data and develop objective arguments for action.
Looking at my social graph on LinkedIn, I see that, three years later, some have moved into different roles either within or outside of the firm, but at least four of those former web managers have moved on to be web analysts, two with a top-tier web analytics consulting firm.
My approach here was directly influenced by Avinash's first book, blog, and talks that he was giving at the time. His guidance was, and continues to be, useful and inspirational for the entire online marketing community.
Cool Tool: QR Codes
This post is in praise of a simple tool: the QR Code. QR codes are graphics that represent text strings, typically website URL's. Using their cameras and QR scanning software, smart phone users can scan QR codes to launch specific website URL's in their mobile browser.
Although the "QR" code is one type of two dimensional code (other common ones: Aztec Code, MaxiCode) the term "QR Code" has been extended to encompass any two dimensional code that is readable by scanner software on mobile devices. The QR Code standard is a set standard and license-free, so the platforms for both consumption and generation are interchangeable.
So what's to like about QR codes?
QR codes are easy to consume. All the major mobile platforms either support the QR Code standard natively or have free QR scanning applications readily available. To consume a QR code, a smart phone user needs to simply "take a picture" of it with their phone.
QR codes are easy to create. Since the QR Code is based on a set standard, there are a number of web services that will produce them based on URL input. I've been using Kaywa's generator, but URL shorteners, such as goo.gl and bit.ly now also generate them along with their shortened URL's.
QR codes are easy to track. Much like a shortened URL or a vanity URL, there is opportunity to tag incoming URL's to allow tracking of traffic generated by QR code scans. This is a key practice when attempting to determine use of and return from QR code usage.
Where are they useful? With the explosion in advanced smartphone usage, there is increasing opportunity to embed these codes in a wide variety of applications. I have personally seen QR codes used in billboards, magazine advertisements, bus shelters, bus wraps, business cards, conference badges, and, oddly enough, men's rooms.
So why aren't they everywhere? The sad truth is that they aren't everywhere. They are still so rare to see "in the wild" that I am still surprised to see them, even in situations with obvious utility.
What are some other uses? I'd like to see QR codes everywhere where a web resource could be useful. I'd like one on my appliances or in my car that can point me to product information. I'd like one at Starbucks and Chipotle that would allow me to order and pay while standing in line. I'd like to see them on TV that would allow me to connect with shows and their advertisers in addition to vanity URL's. The potential applications are legion.
Testing – it is a critical activity for optimizing any site and an important part of an overall data-driven web site strategy. When it comes to disclosure of web analytics tools within the context of a site's privacy policy or terms of service, I lump testing tools together with click stream, voice-of-customer, and audience paneling tools. My sites' privacy policies typically describe them collectively as third-party tools that collect information about the user.
Is there a privacy concern here? No, because the scope of data that is collected is clearly defined – the data collected by testing tools is far less detailed than that collected by click stream tools or transactional data.
Is there a user experience/user sentiment concern here? Possibly. Although user experience varies widely by platform and site customization features, by the very nature of a test, certain visitors are getting a sub-optimal experience. Should informing site visitors of the use of these tools, or even the fact that they are participating as a panelist in an experiment, be part of a policy of transparency and potentially cut off any negative sentiments created by the testing?
This all leads to my question:
Do you explicitly inform your sites' visitors of any A/B or multivariate tests/tools that are deployed on your sites? | |
No. | |
Yes, we cover all testing generically in our TOS/Privacy Policy. | |
Yes, we mention specific tools and/or tests in our TOS/Privacy Policy. | |
Yes, pages that are part of test treatments inform visitors to the existence and nature of the test. | |
Web Polls |
I'd love to hear about any specific experiences related to testing and disclosure in the comments!
On May 25th, Google announced the availability of a browser add-on for Internet Explorer, Chrome, and Firefox that prevents a user's browser from reporting site usage data to Google Analytics. This plug-in has the effect of preventing visit and visitor information from being reported to any site using Google Analytics to collect clickstream data to their site.
Although I have years' of experience implementing and using other web analytics tools, today I use Google Analytics on nearly every site that I manage. It has become the de-facto standard web analytics tool for content and small e-commerce sites for a reason: it is easy to implement, has enterprise-grade features and a large user base, and it is FREE. Here are the reasons why I'm not freaking out about a potential loss of visitor data from this tool:
It Isn't about the Individual Visit
The power of clickstream analytics tools, like Google Analytics, comes from deriving actionable insights by exploring aggregate site traffic across discrete time periods and specific traffic segments. You simply aren't going to get very much actionable insight delivered by looking at one person's visit to your site or even by tracking one person's visits over a longer time period. In fact, Google Analytics' terms of service explicitly forbids implementing it in a way that can uniquely identify individual visitors.
Aggregate Data is More about Precision than Accuracy
Here is a thought exercise: what if Google Analytics or some other clickstream analytics tool is delivering actionable insights that boost your site's conversion rate but is only collecting data from about 95-99% of your site's visitors? That extra 1-5% isn't a big deal as you can safely assume that the missing 1-5% is acting like the other 95-99% of your visitors.
Due to Javascript not loading, the mechanics of the Javascript not triggering the call back to Google fast enough, or visitors' current use of ad-blocking and privacy tools, I generally assume that I am CURRENTLY missing about 1-5% of my sites' pageviews. Moreover, if you have a site with a large amount of traffic (millions of pageviews per month), Google Analytics suggests that you estimate traffic data based on sampling your site's traffic to speed up the processing of your reports.
Back to the thought exercise: I expect adoption of this plug-in to be somewhere in the neighborhood of 1-5% of all users. Is your traffic data fatally flawed if you are missing 2-10% of your pageviews? What about 20%?
Unless the people who install the plug-in are going to behave differently (as a group) than those that do not, Google Analytics will become somewhat less accurate with no loss in precision. In the context of most sites' objectives, there is not going to be a reason to question the validity of the conclusions that are drawn from Google Analytics unless there is widespread adoption of the plug-in. This is because actionable site optimization metrics are based on rates (conversion rate, funnel exit rate), rather than on absolute numbers.
Clickstream is Only Part of the Puzzle
There is an ever-increasing amount of information that is being generated by people interacting with your brand online. On your site, there is the potential to collect transactional data, direct voice-of-customer data, site testing data, contact us form data, etc., that is typically integrated with, but discrete from, Google Analytics. Off site, there are interactions with your brand on social media, email marketing activities, and any offline interactions that may also be generating data. It isn't that your clickstream data isn't important – it is just that there are other sources of data that may prompt action on the part of the analyst.
Allowing the Opt-out Is the Right Thing to Do
As site owners, we should never lose sight of our objectives. There is a reason why our sites exist (sell something, provide information, display advertising) that is fundamentally more important than how we measure and improve our sites' ability to achieve those goals. Perhaps unfairly, some peoples' concerns over privacy will cause them to block a tool that is likely being used to understand and improve their experiences, but we should respect their wishes and accept this as a new browsing paradigm in an environment with many other evolving browsing paradigms.
There Are Alternatives to Google Analytics
Of course, there are other web analytics packages out there if Google Analytics is no longer getting the job done. It is pretty standard for "enterprise-level" web analytics solutions to include a clickstream tool, a CRM tool, a data warehousing tool, a testing and optimization tool, a social media monitoring and engagement tool, etc., along with their "enterprise level" cost and implementation difficulty. There are other free tools out there with the features that you would expect with a free tool. Google also sells Urchin, which doesn't rely on Javascript to collect data, but instead uses server data logs as its primary data source.
In summary, I don't think that there will be widespread adoption of the Google Analytics opt-out. Even if there is, it won't totally strip away the value of the tool and there are other clickstream analytics tools out there (as well as other sources of web analytics data).
By using functions in Excel and SQL that return the text from specific locations within a string combined with ones that can isolate the location of the "@" character in every email address, you can easily extract domain names from lists of email addresses.
The base function for this is RIGHT. RIGHT gets passed two arguments, text, which is the text being parsed, and num_chars, which is the number of characters returned by the function. RIGHT takes the form in Excel of RIGHT(text,[num_chars]).
The text argument is obvious; it is the text of the email address to be parsed.
The num_chars argument is determined using a combination of two other functions, LEN and FIND. We use LEN to determine the length of the overall email address and subtract the position of the @ operator, determined using FIND. The resulting differencewill return the length of the domain portion of the email address.
LEN(text) returns the number of characters in the string.
FIND(find_text,within_text,start_num) returns the postion of the find_text within the within_text. start_num, which we won't use here, is a way to start selecting text after a certain number of characters.
To put this all together, let's put my email address in cell A1, place our derived function into the B1, and derive the result.
=RIGHT(A1,((LEN(A1)-FIND("@",A1)))) calculates to:
=RIGHT(A1,(21-4)) to:
=RIGHT(A1,17) to:
SQL is a little bit trickier, as there isn't a right-to-left text selection function, instead we are going to use a left-to-right function, SUBSTRING.
SUBSTRING returns a string of text based on definition passed to the function. SUBSTRING takes three arguments, value_expression, which is the text being parsed, start_expression, which is the starting character of the returned string, and length_expression, which is the number of characters returned, starting with the start_expression. This function in SQL looks like this: SUBSTRING(value_expression,start_expression,length_expression).
In this case our email address is the value_expression. The character following the "@" symbol is the start_expression, with the length of the remaining string being the length_expression.
To determine start_expression, we deploy another SQL function, CHARINDEX, which works exactly like FIND in Excel. Using SQL's version of LEN and the same math, we can determine length_expression.
Putting it all together, let's assume a table named email_addresses with a column named email:
SELECT SUBSTRING(email, CHARINDEX('@', email) + 1, LEN(email) – CHARINDEX('@', email) + 1) AS domain_name
FROM email_addresses
WHERE email like '%@%'
The WHERE clause is in there to prevent malformed email addresses from crashing the CHARINDEX function.
The math works the same way as the Excel, except that you have to remember that we are working from the left, so the need arises to add one to the character counter in the CHARINDEX function.
Simple and powerful. I hope this is useful to someone – the inspiration for this post came from this post at Chandoo.org. Pointy Haird Dilbert is easily my favorite as well as one of the most useful and entertaining Excel blogs out there.
Cool Tool – Tom's Planner
Tom's Planner is a web-based collaborative project management tool. Despite the name, I have nothing to do with Tom's Planner. It must be run by "that other Tom".
Perhaps due to its moniker, but more likely due to its power, flexibility, and ease-of-use, Tom's Planner has earned a spot in my toolkit. With a simple drag-and-drop functionality, you can create Gantt charts and easily export them to an image, MS Project file, or even its own (public or private) web space. That is pretty much all the application does, but it does it well, making it ideal for Project Managers that don't want to deal with hassle of learning the intricacies of modern Project Management software.
Check it out! They offer a fully-functional, registration-fee (!) demo at:
Rupert Murdoch has been grumbling Google's usage of the Wall Street Journal's content for its Google News product and threatening to dis-allow Google spiders on WSJ properties. In the first few minutes of the interview above, he gives his opinion on Google and the state of his internet businesses. It is worth a watch.
Much has been made of the traffic, and revenue losses that the Journal would incur if it voluntarily de-listed itself from Google and/or Google News. I think that all of the analysis that I have been reading in the past week is missing the subtext of his posturing. Murdoch's frustration with Google goes way beyond their re-purposing of WSJ content.
First, some context: News Corporation, the parent company of the Wall Street Journal, is one of the largest media conglomerates in the world. The company's market cap is currently about $35 billion USD. In addition to numerous newspapers, magazines, book publishers, film and TV studios and distributors, and other companies under the New Corp. umbrella, the company also runs some of the largest web sites in the world, that combine to generate tens of millions of site visits every day.
News Corp Sites in U.S. Top 100 (Alexa):
MySpace (5)
PhotoBucket (24)
Hulu (29)
Fox News (39)
Wall Street Journal (88)
Of these, only Hulu (which is 45% owned by News Corp.) and Fox News do not currently participate in Google's AdSense program to help them monetize their unsold ad inventory on their sites. The enormous amount of ad inventory available on these sites through Google AdWords (the buy side of AdSense) implies that they lean heavily on AdSense as a revenue-generating device. Looking at the cost of MySpace, Photobucket, and the WSJ through AdWords and subsequent revenue split with Google, News Corp. cannot be happy with with the revenue produced by Google's platform compared with the amount of traffic that they get.
I am by no means implying that the pricing for this inventory is unfair; Google runs a continuous auction-based system to determine advertiser placement. My point is that Murdoch is feuding with Google because AdSense isn't able to generate the incremental revenue that News Corp. expects from these properties based on the amount of traffic that they receive.
Here is a solution for News Corp: MySpace has a self-service advertising program called MySpace Ads. Spend a few million making the system easier for advertisers to target their desired audiences and roll out the platform across all News Corp. properties. That way, News Corp. has the ability to keep 100% of these ad revenues as well as cross-sell their inventory. After a couple of years of development, they could even be in a position to offer their platform to other publishers and directly compete with AdSense. That would make News Corp. a serious player in the internet advertising business.
What are you doing for lunch today?
If you are the type to eat quietly at your desk, why not spend your lunch listening to two Web Analytics gurus discuss testing?
The other day, I found a great podcast that Bryan Eisenberg produced with Avinash Kaushik that was created in support of Bryan's book: Always Be Testing: The Complete Guide to Google Website Optimizer. Their discussion focuses on the importance of testing and the usage of Google's testing platform, Google Website Optimizer. There is really some great stuff in there from two people that are passionate about testing.
This podcast, recorded on September 11, 2008, is available on Avinash's web site from the Videos, Podcasts, and Media Mentions page. The podcast is 24 minutes long.
Download the podcast here (5 MB).
NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg just delivered (via Skype) the keynote address at this year's Personal Democracy Forum, one of the top conferences that deals with the convergence of the internet and government and politics.
The main point of the speech was to highlight the city's efforts to bring accessibility to city services using internet-based technologies, including making the city's famously successful 311 service available through Skype and Twitter. According to the Mayor, "the more accessible we make it [city government], the more accountable we make it."
Of note to the Web Analytics community, the Mayor also mentioned that the city is going to be taking to look at the traffic to the site for the purpose of changing the "site architecture" to improve the online experience for city residents.
The Mayor also announced that the city is going to partner with Google to study "anonymous usage data" to "allow us to optimize the content on the web site based on what people are most often searching for." Could it be that NYC.gov is implementing Google Analytics?
It is great to hear that New York is committed to both using cutting-edge technology to connect to its residents (Twitter, Skype, whatever Google technology they are using) as well as optimizing user experiences so that New Yorkers have a more positive and effective experience dealing with their government online.
Given the amount of social media participation with the 2008 election, and the subsequent appointment of Vivek Kundra as our country's first CIO, I expect that there will be increasing pressure on government agencies to not only move services online (for example, see DC's API's), but do so in a way that is most useful to those agencies' constituencies.
An excellent, and timely, resource that examines the state of Web Analytics in the public sector is the recently-released Web Analytics Asoociation's Public Sector Survey Analysis. The study describes and analyzes survey data from web managers within government, academic, foundation, non-profit, and other public-sector focused organizations. The report describes the web analyst roles, metrics, and optimization strategies of these organizations.
The Web Analytics Association is a great resource to organizations and people in the public sector seeking to make their sites more useful to their constituents and (perhaps more importantly) developing and fostering a culture of analytics within their organizations' web management.
As an aside, I am currently attending the PDF conference. If you read this post and are at the conference, I would love to have an opportunity to meet you. Email me tom*at*tomsanalytics*dot*com or DM me on Twitter @tomsanalytics.


text:
'This is a great toy for teaching your little one new things before they start school and during. Bright...'
Kiddicare Staff Expert - Peterborough, Cambs
'My little boy is 5 months old and can't quite sit up unaided yet but I help him sit up when he plays with...'
TracyB - Stoke-On-Trent
'I bought this product specifically to encourage my 6 month old to move after it and she certainly tries!'
Mama - London
'I bought this for my daughters 1st birthday and she loves it. She is now racing around and will hopefully...'
Emma - Stevenage, Hertfordshire
'bought it to distract my 9 months old from my mobile:) keeps him engaged, though the volume seems too low...'
sleepless in london - london
'Great toy, my daughter (6 months) love'
Happy mummy - Wiltshire
'My five month old daughter simply loves the toy and makes beautiful noises alongwith the music. It is very...'
Billoo s mama - Rochdale
'This interactive garage includes a cute tow-truck vehicle that you can zoom around, drive up and down in...'
Kiddicare Staff Expert - Peterborough, Cambs
'love this its cute and my grandaughter loves it'
foxylady - berkshire
'My 18 week old daughter loves this toy; she can touch the sea creatures when she is lying on her playmat...'
Belleboo - Portmahomack
'Press the 3 light-up buttons on Little Singing Bear's tummy to hear fun phrases and sound effects that...'
Kiddicare Staff Expert - Peterborough, Cambs
'Purchased this after my 8mth old played with it at a friends. The raised back means she can push the...'
p - notts
'My niece is going to love this and its pink and fun :)'
Sarah B - LIVERPOOL, England
'A good product.'
Andrew Thornalley - Norfolk
'helps child to walk; thought processes in pressing buttons and move to music and reaction to sounds'
nanno - australia
©Kiddicare 2014


text:
I am heading up to Lake Vermilion on the west side near Cook, MN to fish for muskies in early September. Does anyone have some tips on where I should start? It will be my first time up on that lake. Thanks ahead.
You could start by walleye fishing Nam, thats how I've always caught Muskie. ;-) I can't seem to catch the when I try, can't keep them off the line when I'm after something smaller.
Good to see you again here 'bro....been too long!
let me see what I can find out for you
Happy to see you back!
It's supposed to rain here at Lake Pepin (WI....I've moved from Cali in Sept) this weekend....so I'll dig out what notes I have about Vermillion then.
In the meantime....take a gander through the results of this search....I was able to find a few goodies with this...
PM me with your email addy.....as I will probably have a couple of pics of "marked up" maps to send you....and they will be too large to post here on the BB.
Got more goodies coming for you.
Hope you stop in at the La Crosse Meet thread and make a post....I'm sure you'd have a good time there with us
You're welcome Nam!
You were lucky that I was able to dig up a bunch of info on that one...way beyond what I already had.
THe biggest thing in your favor at this point is that this lake is like SO many up in Canada (big, rocky with several inlets and outlets)....and since you have already had success up there, I see no reason that you shouldn't do well on Vermilion too.
THe 2 things against you at this point will be at what stage the spawning is at and what the weather will be like the few days prior to you getting there.
Be prepared to give us a detailed report when you get back
You're most welcome Nam! Lake Vermillion IS a lot like Canadian lakes.....and there ARE others the same way in northern Minnesota. I'll point out a few in one of my map books some day.
It's always a pleasure to help out another Member
And I'm happy to see you had a good time and make it back safe for the La Crosse trip