text:
Stockton, California
Stockton, California | ||
City | ||
Downtown Stockton waterfront |
Nickname(s): California's Sunrise Seaport, Mudville, Port City, Fat City, Brick City. | ||
Motto: "Stockton-All American City"[1] | ||
Location in San Joaquin County and the state of California |
Coordinates: 37°58′32″N 121°18′03″W / 37.97556°N 121.30083°WCoordinates: 37°58′32″N 121°18′03″W / 37.97556°N 121.30083°W | ||
Country | United States | |
State | California | |
County | San Joaquin | |
Region | San Joaquin Valley | |
Incorporated | July 1850 | |
Government | ||
• Type | Mayor-Council | |
• Mayor | Anthony Silva | |
• City Council | Elbert Holman Katherine Miller Paul Canepa Moises Zapien Dyane Burgos Michael Tubbs |
• City Manager | Kurt Wilson (Interim) | |
• Senate | Cathleen Galgiani (D) | |
• Assembly | Joan Buchanan (D) Susan Talamantes Eggman (D) |
Area[2] | ||
• City | 64.753 sq mi (167.708 km2) | |
• Land | 61.670 sq mi (159.723 km2) | |
• Water | 3.083 sq mi (7.985 km2) 4.76% | |
Elevation | 13 ft (4 m) | |
Population (2013) | ||
• City | 301,090 | |
• Rank | 1st in San Joaquin County 13th in California 64th in the United States |
• Density | 4,600/sq mi (1,800/km2) | |
• Metro | 685,306 | |
Time zone | Pacific (PST) (UTC-8) | |
• Summer (DST) | Pacific (PDT) (UTC-7) | |
ZIP code | 95202–95205, 95207, 95209–95212 | |
Area code(s) | 209 | |
FIPS code | 06-75000 | |
GNIS feature ID | 1659872 | |
Website | www.stocktongov.com |
Stockton is a city in northern San Joaquin Valley and the county seat of San Joaquin County, California, United States.[3] It is the fourth largest city in the state's Central Valley region. With a population of 300,000 at the 2012 census, Stockton ranks as the state's 13th most populous city. It is the State's 17th largest city in terms of land mass at 64.75 sq. mi. The city is located in Northern California, south of the state capital Sacramento and north of Modesto.
Stockton is along Interstate 5, State Route 99 and State Route 4 amid the farmland of the California Central Valley. It is connected westward with San Francisco Bay by the San Joaquin River's 78-mile (126 km) channel, and is, with Sacramento, one of the state's two inland sea ports. In and around Stockton are thousands of miles of waterways and rivers that make up the California Delta.
The city hosts the annual Asparagus Festival and is the location of Haggin Museum, an art and history museum built in Victory Park in 1931. The museum displays 19th and 20th century works of art and houses local historical exhibits. For much of the later 19th century, starting with the Gold Rush, Stockton was one of the largest cities in the state, for a while the third largest city.
Stockton has recently struggled with violent crime, reaching a record high of 71 homicides in 2012 before dropping to 23 in the first nine months of 2013.[4] The city had also cut its police force by more than 20% during the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis, but a sales tax approved by voters on November 6, 2013 could fund an additional 120 police officers.[5][6]
In July 2012, Stockton became the largest city in U.S. history to file for bankruptcy protection until it was surpassed by Detroit in July 2013. The city approved a plan to exit bankruptcy in October 2013,[7] and voters approved a sales tax that would help fund the exit on November 5, 2013.[8]
In recent years Stockton has also seen a series of negative national rankings in the media, including high crime and low literacy rankings.
The Miwok Indians lived in the Central Valley among the delta's waterways, using them for food and transportation. The Yokut Indians also lived in the Northeast area of Stockton, along the Calaveras River up into the foothills following the South Fork of the river. The northern San Joaquin Valley was also the southern end of the Siskiyou Trail, a centuries-old footpath leading through the Sacramento Valley, over the Cascades, and onward to Oregon.
When Captain Charles Maria Weber, a German immigrant, decided to try his hand at gold mining in late 1848, he soon discovered that serving the needs of gold-seekers was a more profitable venture.[9] As an alien, Weber could not secure a land grant directly, so he formed a partnership with William Gulnae. Born in New York, Gulnae had married a Mexican woman and sworn allegiance to Mexico, and he applied in Weber's place for a land grant of eleven square leagues on the east side of the San Joaquin River.[10]
Weber acquired the Rancho Campo de los Franceses Mexican land grant, and founded Stockton in 1849. The area now known as Weber Point is the same spot where Captain Weber built the first permanent residence in the San Joaquin Valley.[11]
During the California Gold Rush, Stockton became a river port city, the hub of roads to the gold settlements in the San Joaquin Valley and northern terminus of the Stockton - Los Angeles Road. During its early years, Stockton was known by several names, including "Tuleburg", "Fat City," and "Mudville". Captain Weber decided on "Stockton" in honor of Commodore Robert F. Stockton. Stockton was the first community in California to have a name not of Spanish or Native American origin.
The city was officially incorporated on July 23, 1850, by the County Court, and the first city election was held on July 31, 1850. In 1851, the City of Stockton received its charter from the State of California. Early settlers included gold seekers from Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, the Pacific Islands, Mexico and Canada. The historical population diversity is reflected in Stockton street names, architecture, numerous ethnic festivals, and in the faces and heritage of a majority of its citizens. In 1870, the Census Bureau reported Stockton's population as 87.6% white and 10.7% Asian.[12]
Benjamin Holt settled in Stockton in 1883 and with his three brothers founded the Stockton Wheel Co., and later the Holt Manufacturing Company. On Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 24, 1904, Holt successfully tested the first workable track-laying machine plowing soggy San Joaquin Valley Delta farmland.[13] Company photographer Charles Clements was reported to have observed that the tractor crawled like a caterpillar, and Holt seized on the metaphor. "Caterpillar it is. That's the name for it!" [14]
British Major Ernest Swinton saw the potential of a track-laying tractor. He proposed that the Army should adapt the Holt tractor to build a power-driven, bullet-proof, tracked vehicle that could destroy enemy guns. While the Admiralty chose to use a British firm, Foster and Sons, whose managing director and designer was Sir William Tritton,[15] the Holt tractor was credited by Swinton with helping to win the war. He traveled to Stockton and, in a public ceremony on April 22, 1918, relayed Britain's gratitude to the inventor.[16] The Holt tractor became one of the most important military vehicles of all time.[17] After the war, Holt built the gasoline-electric tank, an American tank.
The extensive network of waterways in and around Stockton was fished and navigated by Miwok Indians for centuries. During the California Gold Rush, the San Joaquin River was navigable by ocean-going vessels, making Stockton a natural inland seaport and point of supply and departure for prospective gold-miners. From the mid-19th century onward, Stockton became the region's transportation hub, dealing mainly with agricultural products. By 1931 the Stockton Electric Railroad Company operated forty streetcars over 28 miles of track.[18]
Stockton is the site of the first Sikh temple in the United States, Stockton Gurdwara Sahib, which opened on October 24, 1912. It was founded by Baba Jawala Singh and Baba Wasakha Singh, successful Punjabi farmers who owned 500 acres on the Holt River.[19]
The town's canning industry became the battleground of a labor dispute resulting in the Spinach Riot of 1937. In 1933, the port was modernized and the Stockton Deepwater Channel linking the city to San Francisco Bay was deepened and completed. This created commercial opportunities that fueled the city's growth and paved the way for the Rough and Ready Island naval base which placed Stockton in a strategic position during the Cold War.
In September 1996, the Base Realignment and Closure Commission announced the final closure of Stockton's Naval Reserve Center on Rough and Ready Island. The island's facilities had served as a major communications outpost for submarine activities in the Pacific during the Cold War. The site is slowly being redeveloped as commercial property.
Construction and public spending (1990s–2000s)[edit]
Beginning in the late 1990s under the mayorship of Gary Podesto, Stockton has experienced some revitalization.[citation needed]
Newly built or renovated buildings include the Bob Hope Theater, Regal City Centre Cinemas and IMAX, San Joaquin RTD Downtown Transit Center, Lexington Plaza Waterfront Hotel, Hotel Stockton, Stockton Arena, San Joaquin County Administration Building, and the Stockton Ballpark.
The "sunken parking lot" in front of the Hotel Stockton was transformed in the late 1990s into a public space named "Dean DeCarli Waterfront Square." The area is designed to provide for many different settings including a sunken plaza, shade structure, numerous trees and planters, stadia seating, bench seating, viewing platforms, a weir at the west end, and a cascading waterfall at the east end. DeCarli Square is now a popular location hosting music, art and religious events, festivals, Farmers Markets and social gatherings.
A new Downtown Marina and adjacent Joan Darah Promenade were added along the South Shore of the Stockton Deep Water Channel during 2009. Various public art projects were also installed throughout the area (see Stockton's public art section).
Other projects under consideration by the city council or under consideration as of January, 2009 include South Shore housing, the revitalization of the Robert J. Cabral Train Station neighborhood, bridges across the Stockton Deep Water Channel, and a new San Joaquin County Court House.[citation needed]
Real estate crash and bankruptcy (2007-)[edit]
Stockton was disproportionately affected by the 2007 subprime mortgage financial crisis, and led the United States in foreclosures for that year, with one out of every thirty homes posted for foreclosure.[20] From September 2006 to September 2007, the value of a median-priced house in Stockton declined by 44%.[21]
The collapse in real estate valuations had a negative on-flow effect on the city's revenue base. On June 28, 2012, Stockton filed for chapter 9 bankruptcy protection.[22] On April 1, 2013, Judge Christopher M. Klein,United States Bankruptcy Court Easter District of California, Sacramento Division, ruled that Stockton was eligible for bankruptcy protection.
Geography and climate[edit]
Stockton is located at 37°58' north, 121°18' west. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 64.8 square miles (168 km2), of which 61.7 square miles (160 km2) is land and 3.1 square miles (8.0 km2) (4.76%) is water. The city lies at the nadir of the San Joaquin Valley.
Stockton has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), with hot, dry summers and mild winters. In an average year, about 80% of the 13.8 inches (351 mm) of precipitation falls from October through April. Located in the Central Valley, the temperatures range is much greater than in the nearby Bay Area. Tule fog blankets the area during some winter days. Stockton lies in the fertile heart of the California Mediterranean climate prairie delta, about equidistant from the Pacific Ocean and the Sierra Nevada.
At the airport, the highest recorded temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on July 23, 2006, and the lowest was 16 °F (−9 °C) on Jan. 11, 1949. There are an average of 82 days annually with high temperatures of 90 °F (32.2 °C) or higher, and 18 of 100 °F (37.8 °C) or above; 19 days see low temperatures at or below freezing.[23] The wettest year was 1983 with 26.65 inches (677 mm) and the lowest year was 1976 with 5.6 inches (140 mm).[24]
The most rainfall in one month was 8.22 inches (209 mm) in February 1998 and the most rainfall in 24 hours was 3.01 inches (76 mm) on Jan. 21, 1967. There are an average of 55 days with measurable precipitation. Only light amounts of snow have been recorded; the most was 0.3 inches (7.6 mm) in February 1976.[24]
Climate data for Stockton, California (Stockton Metropolitan Airport), 1981–2010 normals | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °F (°C) | 53.9 (12.2) |
60.7 (15.9) |
66.3 (19.1) |
72.6 (22.6) |
81.1 (27.3) |
88.1 (31.2) |
93.4 (34.1) |
92.2 (33.4) |
87.9 (31.1) |
77.9 (25.5) |
64.1 (17.8) |
53.9 (12.2) |
74.34 (23.53) |
Average low °F (°C) | 37.7 (3.2) |
40.2 (4.6) |
42.8 (6) |
45.9 (7.7) |
51.6 (10.9) |
56.8 (13.8) |
60.0 (15.6) |
59.2 (15.1) |
56.5 (13.6) |
49.7 (9.8) |
41.9 (5.5) |
37.2 (2.9) |
48.29 (9.06) |
Precipitation inches (mm) | 2.74 (69.6) |
2.54 (64.5) |
2.12 (53.8) |
0.98 (24.9) |
0.53 (13.5) |
0.08 (2) |
0 (0) |
0.01 (0.3) |
0.29 (7.4) |
0.81 (20.6) |
1.69 (42.9) |
2.22 (56.4) |
14.03 (356.4) |
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.5 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 5.0 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 6.8 | 9.0 | 56.9 |
Source: NOAA[23] |
Historical population | |||
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1860 | 3,679 |
1870 | 10,066 | 173.6% | |
1880 | 10,282 | 2.1% | |
1890 | 14,424 | 40.3% | |
1900 | 17,506 | 21.4% | |
1910 | 23,253 | 32.8% | |
1920 | 40,296 | 73.3% | |
1930 | 47,963 | 19.0% | |
1940 | 54,714 | 14.1% | |
1950 | 70,853 | 29.5% | |
1960 | 86,321 | 21.8% | |
1970 | 109,963 | 27.4% | |
1980 | 149,779 | 36.2% | |
1990 | 210,943 | 40.8% | |
2000 | 243,771 | 15.6% | |
2010 | 291,707 | 19.7% |
The 2010 United States Census[25] reported that Stockton had a population of 291,707. The population density was 4,505.0 people per square mile (1,739.4/km²). The racial makeup of Stockton was 108,044 (37.0%) White, 35,548 (12.2%) African American, 3,086 (1.1%) Native American, 62,716 (21.5%) Asian (7.2% Filipino, 3.5% Cambodian, 2.1% Vietnamese, 2.0% Hmong, 1.8% Chinese, 1.6% Indian, 1.0% Laotian, 0.6% Pakistani, 0.5% Japanese, 0.2% Korean, 0.1% Thai), 1,822 (0.6%) Pacific Islander (0.2% Fijian, 0.2% Samoan, 0.1% Tongan, 0.1% Guamanian), 60,332 (20.7%) from other races, and 20,159 (6.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 117,590 persons (40.3%). 35.7% of Stockton's population is of Mexican descent, and 0.6% Puerto Rican. Non-Hispanic Whites were 22.9% of the population in 2010,[26] down from 57.1% in 1980.[12]
The Census reported that 285,973 people (98.0% of the population) lived in households, 3,896 (1.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,838 (0.6%) were institutionalized.
There were 90,605 households, out of which 41,033 (45.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 41,481 (45.8%) were heterosexual married couples living together, 17,140 (18.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 7,157 (7.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 7,123 (7.9%) unmarried heterosexual partnerships, and 720 (0.8%) same-sex married or registered domestic partnerships. 19,484 households (21.5%) were made up of individuals and 7,185 (7.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.16. There were 65,778 families (72.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.69.
The population was spread out with 87,338 people (29.9%) under the age of 18, 34,126 people (11.7%) aged 18 to 24, 76,691 people (26.3%) aged 25 to 44, 64,300 people (22.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 29,252 people (10.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.8 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.
There were 99,637 housing units at an average density of 1,538.7 per square mile (594.1/km²), of which 46,738 (51.6%) were owner-occupied, and 43,867 (48.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.4%. 146,235 people (50.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 139,738 people (47.9%) lived in rental housing units.
As of the census[27] of 2000, there were 243,771 people, 78,556 households, and 56,167 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,720.4/km² (4,455.7/mi²). There were 82,042 housing units at an average density of 579.0/km² (1,499.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 43.26% White, 11.25% African American, 1.12% Native American, 19.90% Asian, 0.40% Pacific Islander, 17.31% from other races, and 6.76% from two or more races. 32.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 78,556 households out of which 40.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 17.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.59.
In the city the population was spread out with 32.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,453, and the median income for a family was $40,434. Males had a median income of $35,181 versus $26,602 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,405. 23.9% of the population and 18.9% of families were below the poverty line. 32.8% of those under the age of 18 and 11.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Social science statistics[edit]
This section lends undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (September 2013) |
Stockton has been subject to a series of negative national rankings in recent years:
- In a 2010 Gallup poll, Stockton was tied with Montgomery, Alabama for the most obese metro area in the US with an obesity rate of 34.6 percent.[28]
- In the February 2012 issue of Forbes, the magazine ranked Stockton the 8th most miserable US city, largely as a result of the steep drop in home values and high unemployment.[21]
- In 2012 the NICB (National Insurance Crime Bureau) ranked Stockton 7th in Auto Theft Rate per capita in the US.[29]
- In 2012, Stockton was ranked 10th most dangerous city in America and the 2nd most dangerous in California (behind Oakland).[30]
- In 2013, Stockton was ranked as the 3rd least literate city in the U.S. in a study by Central Connecticut State University, with less than 17% of adults holding a college degree,[31] and ABC.com ranked the city as the 3rd least literate of all U.S. cities with a population of more than 250,000 behind Bakersfield, California, and Corpus Christi, Texas.[32]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (April 2009) |
Historically an agricultural community, Stockton's economy has since diversified. These include telecommunications and manufacturing among others.
Stockton is centrally located relative to both San Francisco and Sacramento. Given its location, its proximity to the state and interstate freeway system, and relatively inexpensive land costs, several companies base their regional operations in Stockton.
Top employers[edit]
According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[33] the top employers in the city are:
# | Employer | # of Employees |
1 | San Joaquin County | 5,938 |
2 | Stockton Unified School District | 4,000 |
3 | St. Joseph's Medical Center | 2,230 |
4 | OG Packing | 2,001 |
5 | California Division of Juvenile Justice | 1,492 |
6 | Diamond Foods | 1,467 |
7 | City of Stockton | 1,425 |
8 | Dameron Hospital | 1,200 |
9 | North California Youth Center | 1,000 |
10 | University of the Pacific | 966 |
Real estate bubble[edit]
Stockton was disproportionately affected by the collapse of the sub-prime lending market in 2007, and led the United States in foreclosures for that year, with one out of every thirty homes posted for foreclosure.[20] From September 2006 to September 2007, the value of a median-priced house in Stockton declined by 44%.[21]
Stockton's Weston Ranch neighborhood, a subdivision of modest tract homes built in the mid-1990s, had the worst foreclosure rate in the area according to ACORN, a national advocacy group for low and moderate-income families. Stockton found itself squarely at the center of the United States' speculative housing bubble in the 2000s. Real estate in Stockton more than tripled in value between 1998 and 2005, but when the bubble burst in 2007, the ensuing financial crisis made Stockton one of the hardest-hit cities in United States.[34]
Stockton housing prices fell 39% in the 2008 fiscal year, and the city had the country's highest foreclosure rate (9.5%) as well. Because of the shrinking economy, Stockton also had an unemployment rate of 13.3% in 2008, one of the highest in the United States. Stockton was rated by Forbes in 2009 as America's fifth most dangerous city because of its crime rate.[34] In 2010, mainly due to the aforementioned factors, Forbes named it one of the top three worst places to live.[35]
Entertainment and culture[edit]
Performing arts[edit]
Music schools and orchestras[edit]
The Stockton Symphony is the third-oldest professional orchestra in California (founded in 1926), after the San Francisco Symphony and the Los Angeles Philharmonic.[36] The University of the Pacific is known for its music conservatory and for being the home of the Brubeck Institute, named after Dave Brubeck, a Pacific alumnus and jazz piano legend. The institute maintains an archive of Brubeck's work and offers a fellowship program for young musicians. The Brubeck Institute Jazz Quartet is composed of Pacific students and tours widely.[37] San Joaquin Delta College has a growing jazz program and is home to several official and unofficial jazz bands composed of Delta and Pacific students and faculty.[38] Christian Life College offers Associate and Bachelor of Arts degrees in Christian Music.
Stockton hosts several live music venues, including the Stockton Arena, which is home to several sports teams, and has hosted nationally known entertainers such as Gwen Stefani, Rob Zombie, Ozzy Osbourne, Josh Groban, Carrie Underwood and Bob Dylan. The annual Apollo Night talent show draws about 1,500 people to the Stockton Civic Memorial Auditorium (1925) to watch performances by aspiring Northern California musicians.[39]
The Bob Hope Theatre, formerly known as the Fox California Theatre in downtown Stockton, built in 1930, is one of several movie palaces in the Central Valley. Bob Hope often came to Stockton to visit close friend and billionaire tycoon Alex Spanos, who donated much of the money to revitalize the theater after Hope's death. The University of the Pacific Faye Spanos Concert Hall often hosts public performances, as does the Stockton Memorial Civic Auditorium. The Warren Atherton Auditorium at the Delta Center for the Arts on the campus of the San Joaquin Delta College is a 1,456-seat theater with a 60-foot (18 m) proscenium and full grid system.[40] The Stockton Empire Theater is an art deco movie theater that has been revitalized as a venue for live music.
Founded in 1951, the Stockton Civic Theatre offers an annual series of musicals, comedies and dramas. It maintains a 300-seat theater in the Venetian Bridges neighborhood. The company also hosts the annual Willie awards for the local performing arts.
Other performing arts organizations and venues include:
- Stockton Opera
- Pacific Theatre at the University of the Pacific
- Tillie Lewis Theatre at the Community Delta College
- KUDOS Children's Theatre
- Stockton School of Performing Arts
- Stockton Ballet School
- New Dance Company
- Jagged Lines of Imagination Academy
- Stockton Bukkyo Taiko (a Japanese drumming group affiliated with the Stockton Buddhist Temple)[41]
Museums, visual art, and galleries[edit]
Stockton is home to several museums. The Haggin Museum features collections and exhibits related to local history and California history, and owns important works by late 19th and early 20th century artists. Notable among them is Albert Bierstadt, who was well known for interpreting the towering grandeur of Yosemite and much of California's magnificent Sierra Nevada mountains.[11] The local Tidewater Art Gallery features the work of local artists. The Stockton Art League maintains the Elsie May Goodwin Gallery.
The University of the Pacific's Reynolds Gallery and San Joaquin Delta College's Horton Gallery feature contemporary work by students and local and nationally known artists. The Children's Museum of Stockton is housed in a former warehouse on the Downtown waterfront, and features many interactive displays. The Filipino American National Historical Society has proposed the construction of the National Pinoy Museum in the Little Manila district. The museum would be dedicated to the history of Filipino-Americans. Stockton once had one of the largest population of Filipinos in the United States.[citation needed]
The Stockton Arts Commission, a division of city government, oversees a city endowment fund that provides grants to local artists and arts and cultural organizations. It sponsors the annual arts awards, a writing contest and the arts and crafts show at the Asparagus Festival. The commission also serves as an advocate and information clearinghouse for the arts and cultural community.
Stockton public art projects include:
- Kinetic sculptures on the South and North Shores of the Stockton Channel, Downtown (2008–2009); "Airbourne"—a 32-foot-high (9.8 m) kinetic sculpture, brushed stainless steel, at the North Point by Moto Ohtake, Santa Cruz; A group of five stainless steel and aluminum kinetic sculptures on the South Point by Mark White, Santa Fe, NM.
- Stainless steel and bronze images imbedded in the Downtown Stockton walkways (2004–2009)—designed and installed by Dan Snyder, Berkeley. Stockton's first public/private public art partnership commissioned by Guaranty Bank, Weber Avenue, Hunter Street, San Joaquin Street, and Downtown Marina.
- Water creature elements incorporated in stair railings, bicycle racks, and light poles (2009)—designed by Wayne Chabre, Walla Walla, WA, Downtown Marina.
- Stockton Rising (2006)—a concrete with bronze sculpture by Scott Donahue between the Stockton Arena and the Lexington Plaza Hotel.
- Stockton Arena parking garage entryway feature (2005)—a collage by Napa artist Gordon Huether featuring 22,000 Mattell toy cars, Fremont Street.
- Ed Coy Garage Installation (2005)—medallions and a LED lit column by David Griggs on the Edward "Ed" Coy Garage, N. Hunter Street.
- Downtown's Maintenance Hole Covers (2004)—by local artist Molly Toberer. The covers depict 17 unique designs representing topics such as Work, Taste Grow, Invent and others. The designs carry unique aesthetic legacy of the American 1930's style.
- Martin Luther King, Jr. Statue (2004)—a bronze statue by Rafael Arrieta-Eskarzaga on the east side of the MLK Square, El Dorado Street.
- Memorial to Mexican Braceros (2002)—bronze, cement and masonry sculpture by Rafael Arrieta-Eskarzaga, McLeods Park, Fremont Street.
- Fire Fighter Memorial (1998)—a bronze sculpture, McLeods Park, Fremont Street.
- Ethnic Diversity Sculpture (1989)—a sculpted concrete post by Eric Lee on the corner of San Joaquin Street and Weber Avenue.
- Confucius Monument—13 and a half foot high pagoda-like monument of red and green tile was a gift to the City of Stockton from the Chinese Community for the bi-centennial celebration.
- Murals depicting the city's history decorate the exteriors of many downtown buildings.
In addition to its history galleries, the Haggin Museum displays fine art of late 19th and early 20th century artists such as Jean Béraud, Albert Bierstadt, Rosa Bonheur, William Bouguereau, Paul Gauguin, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Childe Hassam, George Inness, Daniel Ridgway Knight, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Jehan-Georges Vibert, and Jules Worms. It also hosts temporary touring exhibitions.
In 2005, the Downtown Stockton Alliance began sponsoring a monthly art walk during the summer. The event features local artists exhibiting their work at downtown businesses and galleries as well as in some otherwise vacant storefronts. Musicians also perform throughout downtown as part of the event.
Stockton, CA (SFD) is one of only sixty Class 1 Fire Departments in the United States, the highest rating attainable, from the Insurance Services Office, and has held this distinguished title since 1971.[11]
With over 77,000 trees, the City of Stockton has been labeled Tree City USA some 30 times according to Arborday.org.[11]
Stockton has over 275 restaurants ranging in variety reflective to the population demographics. A mix of American, African American, BBQ, Cambodian, Chinese, Filipino, Greek, Italian, Mexican and Vietnamese restaurants are abundant in the community reflecting the cities' diverse culture. Cantonese restaurant On Lock Sam still exists and dates back to 1895.[42]
Stockton hosts several annual festivals celebrating the rich cultural heritage of the city. These include:
- San Joaquin Children's Film Festival
- San Joaquin International Film Festival (February)
- Chinese New Year's Parade and Festival (February/March)
- St. Patrick's Day and Shamrock Run (March)
- Great Stockton Asparagus Dine Out (April)
- Stockton Asparagus Festival (April)
- Brubeck Jazz Festival (April)
- Earth Day Festival (April)
- Cambodian New Year (April)
- Annual Nagar Kirtan, Sikh Parade (April)
- Boat Parade for the Opening of Yachting Season (April)
- Cinco de Mayo Parade and Festival (May)
- Jewish Food Fair (June)
- Juneteenth Day Celebration (June)
- Stockton Obon Bazaar (July)
- Colombian Independence Day Festival (July)
- Taste of San Joaquin and West Coast BBQ Championships
- Filipino Barrio Fiesta (August)
- Stockton Beer Week (August)
- Stockton Pride (August)
- The Record's Family Day at the Park (Sept)
- Stockton Restaurant Week (September)
- Black Family Day (September)
- San Joaquin County Coastal Cleanup Day (September)
- Greek Festival (September)
- Festa Italiana: Tutti In Piazza (September)
- Stocktoberfest, Beer and Brats Festival on the Waterfront (October)
- Hmong New Year (November)
- Stockton Festival of Lights and Boat Parade (December)
The city of Stockton has two shopping malls, located adjacent to each other: Weberstown Mall and Sherwood Mall.
Stockton is home to several minor league franchises:
- Stockton Thunder—(ECHL hockey team; affiliate of the New York Islanders
- Stockton Ports—(High-A California League baseball team; affiliate of the Oakland Athletics)
The Stockton Ports Baseball Team play their home games at Banner Island Ballpark, a 5,000 seat facility built for the team in downtown Stockton. The Ports played their home games at Billy Hebert Field from 1953-2004. The Ports have been a single A team in Stockton since 1946 in the California Minor Leagues. Stockton has minor league baseball dating back to 1886.[43] The Ports have produced 244 Major League players including Gary Sheffield, Dan Plesac, Doug Jones, Pat Listach, and Stockton's own Dallas Braden among others.[44] The Ports have eleven championships and are currently the A class team for the Oakland Athletics. The Ports had the best win-loss percentage in all Minor League Baseball in the 1980s.[45]
A 10,000 seat arena, Stockton Arena, located in Downtown Stockton, opened in December 2005 and is the home of the Stockton Thunder professional hockey team (ECHL).
Stockton is home to the oldest NASCAR certified race track West of the Mississippi. The Stockton 99 Speedway opened in 1947 and is a quarter mile oval paved track with grandstands that can accommodate 5,000 spectators.
Stockton's designation for Little League Baseball is District 8, which has 12 leagues of teams within the city. Stockton also has several softball leagues including Stockton Girls Softball Association, and Port City Softball League, each having several hundred members.
Rowing Regatta featuring Junior, Collegiate and Master Level Rowing & Sculling Competition is organized by the University of the Pacific[46] annually on the Stockton's Deep Water Channel. Teams from throughout Northern California compete in this Olympic sport which is also the oldest collegiate sport in the United States.
Stockton hosts a wide variety of sports events every year: from resident hockey, baseball and soccer games through basketball at the University of the Pacific and at the Stockton Arena; golf championships at two 18-hole courses and a Par 3 Executive Course; rowing, sailing and fishing on the Delta and the Stockton Channel; martial arts and cage fighting. There are four public golf courses open year round, Van Buskirk, Swenson, and The Reserve at Spanos Park and Elkhorn Golf Course. Private courses include The Stockton Golf & Country Club, Oakmoore, and Brookside Golf & Country Club.
Stockton is one of a handful of cities that lays claim to being the inspiration for Casey at the Bat.[47] The University of the Pacific was the summer home of the San Francisco 49ers Summer Training Camp from 1998 through 2002.
Stockton also is the base of UFC fighters Nick and Nate Diaz, Nick being one of the top welterweights in the UFC and the former WEC and Strikeforce Welterweight champion and Nate currently one of the top UFC lightweights. Both brothers are Brazilian Jiu Jitsu black belts under Cesar Gracie and operate a school in Stockton which teaches Brazilian Jiu Jitsu to children and youth.
As of January 1, 2013, the current mayor of Stockton is Anthony Silva.
The City Council consists of the following members as of January 1, 2013:[48]
- Anthony Silva—Mayor
- Elbert Holman—District 1
- Katherine Miller—District 2
- Paul Canepa—District 3
- Moses Zapien—District 4
- Dyane Burgos Medina—District 5
- Michael Tubbs—District 6
The current form of government is a city manager council:[33][49]
City Department | Director |
City Manager | Kurt Wilson (Interim) |
Deputy City Managers | Laurie K. Montes, Kurt Wilson |
Administrative Director/CFO | Vanessa Burke |
Director Community Development | Steve Chase |
Director Human Resources | Teresia Haase |
Director Municipal Utilities | Mel Lytle |
Director Community Services/Library Services | Acting Director Laurie K. Montes |
Director Public Works | Gordon Mackay |
Fire Chief | Jeff Piechura |
Police Chief | Eric Jones |
Director of Economic Development | Micah Runner |
Stockton is also part of San Joaquin County, for which the government of San Joaquin County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. The County government is primarily composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors and other elected offices including the Sheriff, District Attorney, and Assessor, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the County Administrator.
Stockton has had a reputation for high crime rates relative to other cities in the region. In 2012, the City of Stockton was the 10th[30] most dangerous city in America, reporting 1,417 violent crimes per 100,000 persons, well above the national average, and 22 murders per 100,000 (above the average of 4.7).[citation needed] But as of October 12, 2013, crime rates had fallen substantially since the same period in 2012: violent crime was down 19.2%, and homicide was down 54%.[4]
Stockton Police Chief Eric Jones credits 2013's drop in the murder rate to Operation Ceasefire, a gun violence intervention strategy pioneered in Boston and implemented in Stockton in 2012,[50] combined with a federal gun and narcotics operation.[51]
In 2006, Stockton also used a "broken windows" strategy which links cleanup of "minor blight" to reduced crime rates, as modeled in Los Angeles.[52]
The Cleveland Elementary School shooting[edit]
On January 17, 1989, the Stockton Police Department received a threat against Cleveland Elementary School from an unknown person. Later that day, Patrick Purdy, who was later determined to be mentally ill, opened fire on the school's playground with a semi-automatic rifle, killing five children, all Cambodian or Vietnamese refugees, and wounding 29 others, and a teacher, before taking his own life. The event received national news coverage and is sometimes referred to as the Cleveland School massacre.[53]
Then-Mayor Barbara Fass' subsequent work on gun control received national attention and sparked nationwide efforts that sought to ban semi-automatic military-style rifles like the one used in the shooting.
Popular singer and song writer Michael Jackson paid a visit to Cleveland Elementary School to see the children and families affected by this tragedy on February 7, 1989.[54]
Public finances[edit]
According to the city's most recent[when?] Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city reported a significant deficit with US$443.9 million in revenue and US$485.4 million in expenditures. The report cited US$1,903.5 million in total assets and US$679.9 million in total liabilities, with $203.5 million in cash and investments.[33]
Former Fairfield, California City Manager Kevin O'Rouke was hired as Interim City Manager after the retirement of Palmer, until the Stockton City Council announced that former County of Sonoma Administrator Bob Deis as permanent replacement and will take over the position as of July 2010.
On October 31, 2013, Bob Deis concluded his tumultuous tenure as Stockton's City Manager. He called the last three years and four months an "interesting ride,"[55] making unpopular decisions but being praised even by his critics.[citation needed] Deis will retire to the community of Santa Rosa, CA.
After 2 months of searching, The Stockton City Council on November 2013 interviewed the finalists at the Stockton Hilton. It's said that one of them is an "internal" candidate. A formal announcement will be made the week of 11/3/2013.
On June 28, 2012, Stockton filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy. On April 1, 2013, a federal judge accepted the bankruptcy application.[56]
On October 4, 2013, Stockton City Council approved a bankruptcy exit plan by a six-zero vote [7] to be filed with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California, Sacramento. Voters approved a 3/4-cent sales tax which would help fund the bankruptcy exit on November 5, 2013.[8]
Primary and secondary[edit]
Stockton feeds into four public school districts, Stockton Unified School District, Lincoln Unified School District, Lodi Unified School District, and Manteca Unified School District. There are more than 40 private elementary and secondary schools, which include Saint Mary's High School. Stockton is also home to public charter school systems such as Aspire Public Schools, Stockton Collegiate and Venture Academy.
The University of the Pacific moved to Stockton in 1924 from San Jose. The university is the only private school in the United States with less than 10,000 students enrolled to offer eight different professional schools. It also offers a large number of degree programs relative to its student population.[57] The men's basketball program (Pacific Tigers) have made it to the NCAA Tournament 9 times. The Tigers have played their home games at the Alex G. Spanos Center since 1982, prior to that playing at the Stockton Memorial Civic Auditorium since 1952. The Tigers have won their conference championship some eleven times. The campus has been used in the filming of a number of Hollywood films (see below), partly due to its aesthetic likeness to East Coast Ivy League universities.
Also located in Stockton are:
- National University (the second largest private university in the state);
- San Joaquin Delta College, features Distance Learning Education and Internet Classes. Additional sites are being set up to expand access to education in distant locations;
- California State University, Stanislaus established a Stockton campus on the grounds of the former Stockton State Hospital. The hospital was the first state mental institution in California;
- Humphreys College and School of Law (which has its main campus in Stockton and a branch campus in Modesto, California),
- Heald College;
- Kaplan College of Stockton;
- Christian Life College is a private four-year Bible college offering Associate and Bachelor of Arts degrees in Bible and Theology or Christian Music;
- MTI Business College;
- UEI College
Television stations[edit]
As part of the Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto television market, Stockton is primarily served by stations based in Sacramento, but may carry some San Francisco Bay area television stations' airwaves. These are listed below, with the city of license in bold:
- KCRA Channel 3 (NBC affiliate) Sacramento
- KCSO Channel 33 (Telemundo affiliate) Sacramento
- KMAX Channel 31 (The CW O&O) Sacramento
- KOVR Channel 13 (CBS O&O) Stockton
- KQCA Channel 58 (My Network TV affiliate) Sacramento
- KTFK-DT Channel 64 (TeleFutura affiliate) Stockton
- KTNC Channel 42 (Estrella TV affiliate) Concord
- KTXL Channel 40 (Fox affiliate) Sacramento
- KUVS Channel 19 (Univision affiliate) Modesto
- KVIE Channel 6 (PBS affiliate) Sacramento
- KXTV Channel 10 (ABC affiliate) Sacramento
- KSPX-TV Channel 29 (ION Media Networks affiliate) Sacramento
- KRON Channel 4 (My Network TV affiliate) San Francisco
- KQED Channel 9 (PBS affiliate) San Francisco
Radio broadcast stations[edit]
FM stations[edit]
- KJOY 99.3: Lite Rock
- KMIX 100.9: Regional Mexican
- KQOD 100.1: Rhythmic Oldies
- KSTN-FM 107.3: Christian
- KATM 103.3: Country
- KUOP 91.3: (Capital Public Radio NPR affiliate)News/Talk and Jazz
- KWIN 97.7: Urban Contemporary
- KHOP 95.1: Rhythmic Contemporary
- KYCC 90.1: Christian
- KLOVE 89.7: Christian
- KRXQ 98.5: Alternative Rock
- The Hawk 104.1: Classic Rock
- KQED-FM 88.5: (NPR affiliate)News/Talk
AM stations[edit]
- KCVR 1570: Spanish Adult Hits
- KWG 1230: Catholic, switched formats to News/talk. One of California's oldest running AM radio stations.[citation needed]
- KWSX 1280: Rock and Roll simulcast of KMRQ 96.7 Manteca
In addition, several radio stations from nearby San Francisco, Sacramento and Modesto are receivable in Stockton.
Stockton was home to the world's first radio disc jockey, Ray Newby. In 1909, at 16 years of age, Newby began regularly playing records on a small transmitter while a student at Herrold College of Engineering and Wireless, located in San Jose, California, under the authority of radio pioneer Charles "Doc" Herrold.[58][59]
We used popular records at that time, mainly Caruso records, because they were very good and loud; we needed a boost... we started on an experimental basis and then, because this is novel, we stayed on schedule continually without leaving the air at any time from that time on except for a very short time during World War I, when the government required us to remove the antenna... Most of our programming was records, I'll admit, but of course we gave out news as we could obtain it...[58]
—Ray Newby, I've Got a Secret (1965)
Print media[edit]
- Stan Lee named Stockton the birthplace of the Fantastic Four in 1986, after Joe Field successfully petitioned Marvel Comics to change it from the fictional "Central City."[60]
Daily newspapers[edit]
- The Record is a daily newspaper
Other newspapers and periodicals[edit]
- Bilingual Weekly News publishes a Weekly newspaper, in both Spanish and English.
- Monthly Publications
- Caravan is a local community arts and events monthly tabloid.
- The Central Valley Business Journal is a monthly business tabloid.
- San Joaquin Magazine is a regional lifestyle magazine covering Stockton, Lodi, Tracy, and Manteca.
- The Downtowner is a free monthly guide to downtown Stockton's events, commerce, real estate, and other cultural and community happenings.
- Poets' Espresso Review is a periodical that has been based in Stockton, mostly distributed by mail, since summer of 2005.
- Artifact is a San Joaquin Delta College periodical based in Stockton since December 2006. Writing in all genres, photography and visual media by students, staff and faculty as well as community members are accepted.
Motion pictures[edit]
A number of motion pictures have been filmed in Stockton.[61] Over the years, filmmakers have used Stockton's waterways[62] to stand in for the Mississippi delta, the surrounding farmland as the American plains and Midwest, and Pacific's campus[63] as an Ivy League college. Some of the movies filmed in Stockton include:
- All the King's Men (1949)[64]
- Always (1989)
- Are We There Yet (1985 film) (1985)
- Atlanta Child Murders (1985)
- The Big Country (1958)[65]
- Big Stan (2007)[66]
- Bird (1988)[67]
- Blind Man Sees First
- Blood Alley (1955)[68]
- Bound for Glory (1976)[69]
- BroadCasting Sunshine: Am in the Am (2010)[70]
- Cape Fear (1962)
- Coast to Coast (1980)[71]
- Cool Hand Luke (1967)[72]
- Coyote (1997)[73]
- Day of Independence (2003)[74]
- Dead Man on Campus (1998)[75]
- Death Machines (1976)[76]
- Dirty Mary Crazy Larry (1974).[77]
- Dreamscape (1984)[78]
- Fat City (1972),[79] based on Leonard Gardner's acclaimed 1969 novel Fat City. It is set in Stockton in the late 1950s, and was filmed by director John Huston.
- Flubber (1997)[80]
- Friendly Fire (1979)[81]
- Funky Fresh
- Glory Days (1988)[82]
- God's Little Acre (1958)[83]
- High Time (1960)[84]
- Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993)[85]
- Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
- Inventing the Abbotts (1997)[86]
- More American Graffiti (1979)
- Oklahoma Crude (1973)[87]
- Porgy and Bess (1959)[88]
- Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)[89]
- Rampage (1988)[90]
- Return Fire/Jungle Wolf II (1988)[91]
- The Sure Thing (1985)[93]
- Valentino's Return (1989)[94]
- The World's Greatest Athlete (1973)[95]
Television shows[edit]
- The 1960s Western TV series The Big Valley was set just outside Stockton.
- Sons of Anarchy (2008–present), the hit FX T.V. show Sons of Anarchy is set in and outside of Stockton.
Stockton is centrally located with access to an international deep-water port, national railroad system, and intrastate and interstate freeway system.
Due to its location at the "crossroads" of the Central Valley and a relatively extensive highway system, Stockton is easily accessible from virtually anywhere in California. Interstate 5 and State Route 99, California's major north-south thoroughfares, pass through the city limits. The east-west highway State Route 4 also passes through the city, providing access to the San Francisco Bay Area as well as the Sierra Nevada and its foothills. Stockton is the western terminus of State Route 26 and State Route 88, which extends to the Nevada border. In addition, Stockton is within an hour of Interstate 80, Interstate 205 and Interstate 580.
Stockton is served by San Joaquin Regional Transit District [96] Stockton is also connected to the rest of the nation through a network of railways. Amtrak and Altamont Commuter Express (ACE) both make stops in Stockton, with Amtrak providing passenger access to the rest of the nation. Union Pacific and BNSF Railway, the two largest railroad networks in North America both service Stockton and its port via connections with the Stockton Terminal and Eastern Railroad and Central California Traction Company, who provide local and interconnecting services between the various rail lines. Recently, BNSF Railway opened a much needed $150 million intermodal freight transport facility in southeast Stockton, which satisfies long-haul transportation needs.
Stockton is served by Stockton Metropolitan Airport, located on county land just south of city limits. The airport has been designated a Foreign Trade Zone and is mainly used by manufacturing and agricultural companies for shipping purposes. Since airline deregulation, passenger service has come and gone several times. Domestic service resumed on June 16, 2006 with service to Las Vegas by Allegiant Air.[97] The days of service/number of flights were expanded a few months later due to demand. Air service to Phoenix began in September 2007, but this has since been discontinued.[97][98]
Most recently, on July 1, 2010, Allegiant Air implemented non-stop service to and from Long Beach, California.[97] With respect to international service, in 2006 Aeromexico had plans to provide flights to and from Guadalajara, Mexico, but the airport's plan to build a customs station at the airport was initially rejected by the customs service. However, the possibility of building this station is currently a continuing matter of negotiation between the airport and the customs service, and Aeromexico has indicated a continuing interest in eventually providing service. Ground transportation is available from Hertz, Enterprise, Yellow Cab and Aurora Limousine.
The Port of Stockton is a fully operating seaport approximately 75 nautical miles (86 mi; 139 km) east of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. Set on the San Joaquin River, the port operates a 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) transportation center with berthing space for 17 vessels up to 900 ft in length. The Port of Stockton has 120 tenants and is served by BNSF & UP Railroads.[99] The port also includes 1.1 million square feet (102,000 m²) of dockside transit sheds and shipside rail trackage and 7.7 million square feet (715,000 m²) of warehousing.[100] Adjacent to the port is Rough and Ready Island, which served as a World War II–era naval supply base until it was decommissioned as a result of BRAC 1995.
Awards and recognition[edit]
Stockton received an All-America City award from the National Civic League twice, in 1999 and 2004. 2004's award was based on a 60-member delegation's presentation titled "The Dream Lives On!", and featured three community-driven projects: Community Partnership for Families, Downtown Alliance, and the Peace Keeper Program.[101] The 1999 award recognized the Apollo Night Talent and Performing Series, the conversion of the Stockton Developmental Center into an off-campus center for the California State University at Stanislaus, and the LEAP (Let Education Attack Pollution) program.[102]
Sunset magazine named Stockton Best Tree City in the western United States in March 2002,[103] and "Best of the West Food Fest" in March 2000. Stockton contains 49 city, state, and national historical landmarks, dating as far back as 1855.
In February 2009,[104] and again in February 2011,[105] Stockton was named "America's Most Miserable City" by Forbes, reflecting the city's issues with commuting times, violent crime rates, income tax levels, and unemployment rates. Stockton had placed second in this listing in 2008.
Notable people[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2013) |
People born in Stockton are printed in bold.
- Ingrid Anderson (born 1960), Actress[106]
- Ace Andres (born 1958), Guitarist, singer/songwriter
- Walter Anthony (1872–1945), Film writer
- Ricky Barnes (born 1981), Professional golfer[107]
- Melvin Belli (1907–1996), Lawyer known as "The King of Torts"
- Greg Bishop (born 1971), Former NFL offensive tackle
- Dallas Braden (born 1983), MLB pitcher[108]
- Dave Brubeck (1920-2012), American jazz pianist and composer
- Annie Cruz (born 1984), Pornographic actress
- Shannon Curtis, Musician, singer/songwriter
- Nate Diaz (born 1985), Mixed martial artist[109]
- Nick Diaz (born 1983), Former mixed martial artist[110]
- Dennis Dun (born 1952), Actor
- Dennis Edwards (born 1959), Former NFL defensive end[111]
- Dennis Etchison (born 1943), Novelist
- Gil Evans (1912–1988), Musician; pianist, composer
- Ed Fisher (born 1949), Former NFL and USFL guard
- Cay Forrester (1921–2005), Actress
- Mark Gantt (born 1968), Actor, producer
- Leonard Gardner (born 1933), Novelist, screenwriter
- Daniel Goleman (born 1946), Author, psychologist, and science journalist
- Brian Goodell (born 1959), Olympic gold medal-winning and world record holding swimmer
- Eddie Guardado (born 1970), MLB relief pitcher
- Wayne Hardin (born 1927), Football player and coach, College Football Hall of Famer
- Willard Harrell (born 1952), Former NFL running back
- Von Hayes (born 1958), Former MLB outfielder
- José Hernández (born 1962), Engineer and NASA astronaut
- Chuck Hicks (born 1927), Actor[112]
- J. D. Hill (born 1948), Former NFL wide receiver
- Benjamin Holt (1849–1920), Inventor and founder of Holt Manufacturing Company
- Dolores Huerta (born 1930), Labor leader and civil rights activist, co-founder of the United Farm Workers
- Dan Inosanto (born 1936), Martial arts instructor
- Chris Isaak (born 1956), Musician, singer/song-writer[113]
- Larry Itliong (1913–1977), Filipino American labor leader and union partner of Cesar Chavez
- Lamont Johnson (1922–2010), Actor, director
- Scott Kannberg (born 1966), Musician
- Derek Kennard (born 1962), Former NFL guard and center
- Lauren Mary Kim, Stuntwoman, actress[114]
- Maxine Hong Kingston (born 1940), Author, feminist
- Janet Leigh (1927–2004), Actress
- Tillie Ehrlich Lewis (1901–1977), Businesswoman, founder of Tillie Lewis Foods
- Mike Macfarlane, professional baseball player
- Taylor Mac, Actor and playwright[115]
- Mike Macfarlane (born 1946), Former MLB catcher
- Stephen Malkmus (born 1966), Musician
- Doug Martin (born 1989), NFL running back for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers
- Mary McDonald-Lewis (born 1953), Actress[116]
- Jo McDonnell (born 1950), Actress[117]
- Janice Mirikitani (born 1941), Sansei poet, activist
- Jim Mitchell (1943–2007), One half of the Mitchell brothers, pornographic film producers
- Bob Montana (1920–1975), Comic artist, cartoonist
- Dolores Moran (1926–1982), Actress and model
- Chris Olivero (born 1984), Actor
- Pavement (formed 1989), Indie rock band
- Mike Pereira, Former NFL vice president of officiating, current rules analyst for Fox Sports
- Grant-Lee Phillips (born 1963), Musician, singer/songwriter
- Richard A. Pittman (born 1945), United States Marine, Medal of Honor-recipient
- Beulah Quo (1923–2002), Actress[118]
- Louis Rankin (born 1985), Former NFL and current CFL running back
- Jazz Raycole (1988), Actress, dancer
- Robert Six (1907–1986), Former CEO of Continental Airlines
- Webster Slaughter (born 1964), Former NFL wide receiver
- Edwin Lewis Snyder (1887–1969), Architect
- Alex Spanos (born 1923), Businessman, owner of the San Diego Chargers
- Ed Sprague, Jr. (born 1967), Former MLB third baseman
- Amos Alonzo Stagg (1862–1965), Athlete and pioneer college coach
- Cliffie Stone (1917–1998), Musician, country singer
- Savage Sun (born 1972), Rapper
- David S. Terry (1823–1889), 4th Chief Justice of California
- Ross Thomas (1981), Actor, filmmaker
- Julius Thomas (born in 1988), NFL tight end for the Denver Broncos
- Kara Walker (1969), Artist
- Eric Williams (born 1962), Former NFL defensive lineman
- Jim Winn (born 1959), Former MLB relief pitcher[119]
- Gary Young (drummer) (born 1953), Musician
- Thomas Martin (Judoka) Two time Olympian in Judo, World Champion
Sister cities[edit]
Stockton has seven sister cities:[120]
Country | City | Year of Partnership |
Japan | Shizuoka | March 9, 1959 |
Philippines | Iloilo City | August 2, 1965 |
Mexico | Empalme | September 4, 1973 |
People's Republic of China | Foshan | April 11, 1988 |
Italy | Parma | January 13, 1998 |
Cambodia | Battambang | October 19, 2004 |
Nigeria | Asaba | June 6, 2006 |
See also[edit]
- ^ "AAC Winners by State and City". National Civic League. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ^ "U.S. Census". Retrieved 2013-02-16.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ^ a b Anderson, Jason (2013-10-12). "Violent crime continues downward trend". The Record (Stockton). Retrieved 2013-11-06.
- ^ DuHain, Tom (2013-09-03). "Stockton PD reaches highest staff in 5 years". KCRA. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
- ^ Klocke, Mike (2013-11-03). "Important step to filling out the thin blue line". The Record (Stockton). Retrieved 2013-11-07.
- ^ a b Smith, Scott (2013-10-04). "Council approves Chap. 9 exit plan". The Record. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
- ^ a b Marcum, Diana (2013-11-06). "Stockton voters approve new tax measure for bankrupt city". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
- ^ "Captain Charles M. Weber Award". City of Stockton – Cultural Heritage Board. 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ Tinkham, George Henry (1880). A history of Stockton from its organization up to the present time. W.M. Hinton & Co. p. 397.
- ^ a b c d "History - City of Stockton, CA". City of Stockton. 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
- ^ a b "California - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau.
- ^ Pernie, Gwenyth Laird (March 3, 2009). "Benjamin Holt (1849–1920): The Father of the Caterpillar tractor".
- ^ Lea, Ralph (February 16, 2008). "Ben Holt pioneered tractors for farming, construction, war". Lodi News-Sentinel. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
- ^ "Holt Caterpillar". Retrieved 2010-02-27.[dead link]
- ^ "San Joaquin County Biographies: Benjamin Holt". California Genealogy & History Archives.
- ^ "The Holt 15-ton Tractor". Retrieved 2011-02-26.
- ^ Demoro, Harre W. (1986). California's Electric Railways. Glendale, California: Interurban Press. p. 202. ISBN 0-916374-74-2.
- ^ "History of Stockton Gurwara". Retrieved September 22, 2013.
- ^ a b Christie, Les (August 14, 2007). "California cities fill top 10 foreclosure list". Money.cnn.com. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ a b c Christie, Les (December 2, 2008). "Home sellers suffer amid wave of foreclosures". Money.cnn.com. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
- ^ "Stockton, California files for bankruptcy". Reuters. June 28, 2012.
- ^ a b "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
- ^ a b "STOCKTON WSO, CALIFORNIA (048558) Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary". Wrcc.dri.edu. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ All data are derived from the United States Census Bureau reports from the 2010 United States Census, and are accessible on-line here. The data on unmarried partnerships and same-sex married couples are from the Census report DEC_10_SF1_PCT15. All other housing and population data are from Census report DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. Both reports are viewable online or downloadable in a zip file containing a comma-delimited data file. The area data, from which densities are calculated, are available on-line here. Percentage totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. The Census Bureau defines families as a household containing one or more people related to the householder by birth, opposite-sex marriage, or adoption. People living in group quarters are tabulated by the Census Bureau as neither owners nor renters. For further details, see the text files accompanying the data files containing the Census reports mentioned above.
- ^ "Stockton (city), California". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ David Siders (2010-03-05). "Stockton area tops poll of nation's most obese regions". Recordnet.com. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
- ^ Money.MSN.com 8/2012
- ^ a b Rogers, Abby (2012-11-01). "The 25 Most Dangerous Cities in America - Yahoo! Finance". Finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
- ^ "America's most and least literate cities". 247wallst.com, February 11, 2013.
- ^ turnto23.com
- ^ a b c City of Stockton, California Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, for the Year ended June 30, 2010
- ^ a b "America's Most Dangerous Cities". Forbes (Forbes.com). 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ "Forbes Magazine Names Worst Places to Live in America". Fox News. March 24, 2010.
- ^ "Stockton Symphony Association – Stockton, California". Stockton Symphony Association. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ "The Brubeck Institute". University of the Pacific. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ "Delta instructor hopes to prove live jazz can draw Stockton fans". The Record. San Joaquin Media Group, a division of Dow Jones Local Media Group. October 19, 2006. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ Ian Hill (June 28, 2007). "Apollo Night marks decade of entertainment". The Record (San Joaquin Media Group, a division of Dow Jones Local Media Group). Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ "Entertainment". Retrieved 2010-02-26.
- ^ "Stockton Bukkyo Taiko". Stockton Bukkyo Taiko. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
- ^ downtownstockton.org
- ^ baseball-reference.com
- ^ milb.com
- ^ milb.com Stockton Ports history
- ^ web.pacific.edu
- ^ "Where the Mighty Casey Struck Out". Thediamondangle.com. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
- ^ "City Council - City of Stockton, CA".
- ^ "City of Stockton, CA". Retrieved 2010-02-26.
- ^ Goldeen, Joe (2012-12-28). "Patience urged as new Ceasefire kicks in". The Record. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
- ^ Harless, William (2013-10-14). "Cities Use Sticks, Carrots to Rein In Gangs". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
- ^ Quinones, Sam (2006-06-25). "A Cutting-Edge City: Stockton?". Los Angeles Times (Articles.latimes.com). Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ "Slaughter in A School Yard". Time. 2001-06-24. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ "Victims recall Michael Jackson visit after shootings".
- ^ Phillips, Roger (2013-10-23). "Deis farewell: 'It's been an interesting ride'". The Record. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
- ^ Cone, Tracie (2013-04-01). "Judge: Stockton eligible for bankruptcy; implications for San Bernardino". The San Bernardino Sun. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
- ^ "A Broad Selection of Courses". Retrieved 2010-02-26.
- ^ a b Ray Newby appearance on CBS' I've Got a Secret, 27 September 1965. Secret listed as: "'I was the world's first radio disc jockey' (in 1909)." Rebroadcast on the Game Show Network on 22 May 2008.
- ^ Bay Area Radio Museum. "Doc Herrold and Ray Newby". Retrieved 21 May 2008.
- ^ Ian Hill (2005-07-10). "Fantastic return". Recordnet.com. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
- ^ "Most Popular Titles With Location Matching "Stockton California USA"". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
- ^ "Most Popular Titles With Location Matching "San Joaquin River at Stockton, California, USA"". Internet Movie Database.
- ^ "Most Popular Titles With Location Matching "University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, USA"". Internet Movie Database.
- ^ All the King's Men (1949) at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ The Big Country at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Big Stan at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Bird at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Blood Alley at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Bound for Glory at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "broadcastingsunshine.com". BroadCasting Sunshine. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ Coast to Coast at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Cool Hand Luke at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Coyote (1997) at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Day of Independence at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Dead Man on Campus at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Death Machines at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ IMDb
- ^ Dreamscape at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Fat City at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Flubber (1997) at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Friendly Fire at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Glory Days at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ God's Little Acre at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ High Time at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Hot Shots! Part Deux at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Inventing the Abbotts at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ 0070472/ Oklahoma Crude at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Porgy & Bess (1959) at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Raiders of the Lost Ark at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ 0095958/ Rampage at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Return Fire/Jungle Wolf II at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ R.P.M. at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ The Sure Thing at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Valentino's Return at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ The World's Greatest Athlete at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "San Joaquin RTD". Sanjoaquinrtd.com. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ a b c "Stockton Metropolitan Airport (SCK)". Sjgov.org. 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
- ^ "Static Route Map | Travel Is Our Deal™ | Airfare & Hotel Packages from Allegiant". Allegiantair.com. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
- ^ seecalifornia.com
- ^ "Port of Stockton, California". Portofstockton.com. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ "City of Stockton, CA – All-America City". City of Stockton. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ "City of Stockton, CA – All-America City 1999". City of Stockton. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ Best tree city Stockton, California
- ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (June 2, 2009). "America's Most Miserable Cities". Forbes. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
- ^ Badenhousen, K. (February 2, 2011). America's Most Miserable Cities. Forbes. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
- ^ "Ingrid Anderson". IMDb. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Ricky Barnes". PGA Tour. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
- ^ "Dallas Braden Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
- ^ "Nate Diaz - Official UFC Fighter Profile". Ultimate Fighting Championship. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- ^ "Nick Diaz MMA Stats, Pictures, News, Videos, Biography". Sherdog. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- ^ "Trojans' local ties run deep". Recordnet.com. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
- ^ "Chuck Hicks Biography". IMDb. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Chris Isaak Biography". Biography. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- ^ "Lauren Mary Kim Biography". IMDb. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ Als, Hilton. "Taylor Mac, at the Yale Repertory Theatre, review". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
- ^ "Mary McDonald-Lewis Biography". IMDb. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Jo McDonnell Biography". IMDb. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Beulah Quo Biography". IMDb. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Jim Winn Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
- ^ "Sister Cities - City of Stockton, CA".
Further reading[edit]
- Robinette, Allen M. (June 1908). "History of the Stockton Fire Department 1850–1908".
- Tinkham, George Henry (1880). A history of Stockton from its organization up to the present time. W.M. Hinton & Co.
External links[edit]
Find more about Stockton, California at Wikipedia's sister projects | |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary | |
Media from Commons | |
Quotations from Wikiquote | |
Source texts from Wikisource | |
Textbooks from Wikibooks | |
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
- City of Stockton
- Stockton, California on the Open Directory Project
- Stockton, California Official Visitor & Tourist Information
- Stockton-San Joaquin County Public Library
- SJCrime.com covers San Joaquin County crime.
- Stockton, California
- Central Valley (California)
- Cities in San Joaquin County, California
- County seats in California
- Government units that have filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy
- Incorporated cities and towns in California
- Inland port cities and towns of the United States
- Populated places established in 1849
- Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
- San Joaquin Valley
- Stockton - Los Angeles Road
- Special economic zones of the United States


text:
Definition of trifurcate in English:
Line breaks: tri|fur¦cateverb
Pronunciation: /ˈtrʌɪfəkeɪt
- Divide into three branches or forks: her watch slipped around to where a blue vein trifurcated (as adjective trifurcated) twigs on the trifurcated structureMore example sentences
- In the ventral part, the costae are bi- or trifurcated.
- On the other hand, subtrees) and) are trifurcating, and we need to resolve them to find the optimal tree.
- The highly centralized hub-and-spoke system - centralized for the airlines, not us - now regularly bifurcates and often trifurcates even an hour's flight time as the crow flies into a four-hour series of legs.
Pronunciation: /trʌɪˈfəːkət
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- Divided into three branches or forks.More example sentences
- Bittner separated his specimens of tyrolensiform daonellids found in the Himalayas from D. (A.) tyrolensis based on their lack of a regular pattern of trifurcate costae.
- The medial imprint also has a trifurcate anterior margin.
- Ray repeatedly as many as five times trifurcate at their tips.
- More example sentences
- Some paratypes also show adductor scars similar to D. (A.) tyrolensis, and the typical trifurcation of the primary costae is usually detectable.
- Because of the moderate preservation of the specimens, it is unclear whether all branching was originally via trifurcations or whether some bifurcations occurred.
- Neither the examined type material nor the figured specimens of Campbell show the typical tyrolensiform trifurcation pattern.
mid 19th century: from Latin trifurcus 'three-forked' (from tri- 'three' + furca 'fork') + -ate2.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Several Veterans Health Administration programs are experiencing error rates of 12 percent to 24 percent, exceeding the maximum error limits allowed under a recent law, according to a new report from the Office of Inspector General.
"We concluded that VA did not fully comply with IPERA (Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010) requirements," wrote Belinda Finn, assistant inspector general for audits and evaluations, in the March 14 report. To comply with the law, agencies must keep their error rates at 10 percent or below.
The Veterans Health Administration programs that rose above that maximum level included:
In addition, the inspector general's office recalculated the error rate for the health administration's "Other Contractual Services" account at 24 percent. That was significantly higher than the VA's estimated error rate for that account.
"VHA's estimation methodology needed improvement and our method gives a more accurate improper payment rate estimate," the report said.
Overall, the Veterans Health Administration reported a payment error rate of 11.5 percent on payments of $9.7 billion.
The Veterans Benefits Administration, by comparison, had a much lower rate of reported payment errors, only 1.2 percent errors on payments of $80 billion.
Veterans health officials cited documentation and administrative errors as cause of most of the errors. For example, the health agency said the majority of the errors for Other Contractual Services occurred because payments were not charged to the appropriate cost center.
Finn recommended that the VA's under secretary for health establish controls to ensure that programs meet their targets for reducing improper payments, along with several other improvements. Department officials agreed with the findings and recommendations.
About the Author
Alice Lipowicz is a staff writer covering government 2.0, homeland security and other IT policies for Federal Computer Week.
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FCW is very pleased to announce the women and men who make up this year's Fed 100.
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Apparently the VA has resorted to using private contractors who were formerly in the bill collector train of thought.They first claimed that I owed them $30,000 because they did not have proof that my Wife of 20 yrs had divorced her previous husband.After providing them the appropiate documentation they,out of the blue,claimed that my sons birth certificate was only a birth announcment and they needed more information.This kind of harassment is ridiculous,petty,and beneith the Standards claimed by the VA.I would appreciate any advice or insight in how to deal with this new tactic.
From my perspective supporting front line VHA staff, I suspect a lot of these 'errors' are because the reporting and acquisitions requirements are onerous and unworkable. Actual workers are doing what's needed to take care of patients, which to them is more important than keeping the IG happy. It's become increasingly obvious that VA Acquisitions and the IG don't care about patients, as long as the rules are followed.


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We asked women to try four popular new eating plans that promise slimming results fast. Get the good (14 pounds lost!), the bad (zero pounds lost!), and the icky (spinach juice!) right here.
By Melissa Walker
The Diet: Paleo Solution proponents believe that our early ancestors' whole-foods diet is healthier than our modern (superprocessed) regimen. That means no chips or cookies or even prepackaged "healthy" foods, like yogurt. Instead you eat three to four meals daily of four to eight ounces of lean protein (chicken, turkey, or seafood), raw or lightly cooked vegetables, and healthy fat (oils or nuts). Daily caloric intake hovers around 1,200 to 1,400.
The Tester: The Sweets Addict, Christian McKenzie, 29
"My weakness is cookies and cake," Christian admits. When she noticed that her energy was low and she had put on about seven pounds, she joined a gym and started reducing portion sizes. Christian stopped gaining but didn't drop any weight, so she needed to kick things up a notch.
What do you think of this story? Leave a Comment.
On the Paleo Solution, Christian lost seven pounds in one month by eating whole foods.
Before: 166 pounds
After: 159 pounds
What Worked: "I learned that fruits and nuts are more satisfying than chips. I don't feel weighed down after meals, and I'm not hungry -- that's a first! The plan got easier when I found a prepared meal that meets Paleo guidelines: the grilled salmon with fresh corn salad from Whole Foods Market."
What Didn't: "I struggled with the lack of processed carbs, though I didn't crave them after a week, just as the book promised. The recipes are simple, but most take advance prep. That means if I'm traveling or too busy to pack a lunch, I'm in trouble. The worst part? No desserts. I can't do without a treat here and there, so I allow myself one a week."
The Pro's Take: "Eating more fruits and vegetables and less processed food is great," says Renata Shiloah, RD, director of nutrition at the Comprehensive Community Health Center in the Bronx, New York. "But the plan is hard to follow over the long run, because it's low-calorie and restricts grains. Eating so few carbohydrates could cause headaches or fatigue." Her advice: Supplement Paleo with complex carbs, such as sweet potatoes or beans.
What do you think of this story? Leave a Comment.
The Diet: The Raw Food Cleanse is a three-, seven-, 14-, or 28-day plan that claims to reset your digestive tract. It's based on the theory that cooking depletes foods of nutrients, so you should eat fruits and vegetables in their raw state. There are recipes for fruit and vegetable juices, soups, and salads. Daily intake is around 1,200 to 1,400 calories, estimates Andrea Giancoli, RD, a spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association.
The Tester: The Social Butterfly, Sarah Davis, 34
Sarah, who wants to drop 15 pounds, knows her restaurant habit is out of control: "My friends and I go out all the time," she says. When she's home, she rarely preps healthy meals.
What do you think of this story? Leave a Comment.
Just a few days into the Raw Food Cleanse, Sarah was already sick of produce. And she didn't lose any weight.
Before: 148 pounds
After: 148 pounds
What Worked: "Smoothies -- a pint of strawberries, half a pint each of blueberries and raspberries, and coconut water -- were filling and easy to make for breakfast."
What Didn't: "I've never thought so much about food -- planning, chopping, and blending -- yet I was always starving by the end of the day. You really need a juicer, but I wasn't willing to spend the money, and the recipes call for pricey exotic ingredients, like crystal manna flakes. I quit after four days, because I didn't like the lunch and dinner options -- for instance, juice made with spinach, celery, and apples. My social life was nonexistent. You try nibbling avocado and tomato while your friend downs margaritas and fish tacos!"
The Pro's Take: Upping your produce intake is a good thing, but a balance of raw and cooked is best. Cooking makes it easier for your body to absorb certain nutrients, like lycopene in tomatoes and carotenoids in carrots. "To make this cleanse healthier, you need to add a substantial lunch of lean protein, cooked veggies, and whole grains, like a tofu and veggie stir-fry with brown rice," Giancoli says. As for the claim that a raw diet resets your digestive tract? "It doesn't need resetting. With a diet of juices, it becomes a couch potato," she explains.
What do you think of this story? Leave a Comment.
The Diet: According to the doctor who created the plan, it takes 17 days for your body to recognize a diet as a habit and slow your metabolism in response. He claims that three 17-day cycles keep your metabolism revved. The first cycle allows about 1,200 daily calories of unlimited lean protein, nonstarchy veggies and, early in the day, two low-sugar fruits. In cycle two you add two healthy carbs and alternate 1,200- and 1,500-calorie days. In the third cycle, fruit's okay anytime, as is one alcoholic drink a day. To maintain, you follow these rules during the week.
The Tester: The Foodaholic, Dawn Menkes, 38
"I'm hungry all the time," says Dawn, who has tried dozens of diets, all of which left her starving. With a busy schedule and two kids, she is constantly on the go and looking to lose 10 pounds.
What do you think of this story? Leave a Comment.
Despite the 17-Day Diet's wacky rules, like no fruit after 2 p.m., Dawn dropped 10 pounds in a month.
Before: 156 pounds
After: 146 pounds
What Worked: "No calorie counting -- hooray! I'm not starving, because I can eat as much as I want of certain foods, such as chicken and carrots, and I can have a snack anytime; my go-to is a rolled-up slice of turkey. My favorite recipe is the pasta primavera made with spaghetti squash."
What Didn't: "The first cycle is too strict. I didn't miss grains much, but I hated the 'no fruit after 2 p.m.' rule. It's also tough that there aren't any cheat days until cycle four. I couldn't resist part of a Bloomin' Onion appetizer at Outback Steakhouse -- oops!"
The Pro's Take: Science doesn't back the claim that 17-day cycles reset metabolism. "The reason you lose weight is simply that the diet is low-calorie," Shiloah explains. The restrictions in the first two cycles are unnecessary: "All fruits and whole grains can be part of a healthy diet, and it doesn't matter when you eat them," says Elisa Zied, RD, author of Nutrition at Your Fingertips. Ignoring the carb limits and sticking to a 1,400 to 1,600 daily calorie count would make the plan more doable.
What do you think of this story? Leave a Comment.
The Diet: Pay attention; the Dukan Diet is complicated. There are four phases: (1) two to seven days during which you eat low-fat protein (think chicken, turkey, fish, and tofu), drink water, and take one and a half tablespoons of oat bran a day to keep you regular. (2) Every other day, add low-carb veggies until you reach your goal. (3) Add one piece of low-sugar fruit, two slices of whole-grain bread, and one serving of cheese each day -- plus a once-a-week cheat meal. (4) In maintenance, you can eat anything if you follow these rules: three tablespoons of oat bran and 20 minutes of walking each day and one pure-protein day a week.
The Tester: The Former Athlete , Emily Dull, 29
As a college cheerleader, Emily was slim. But when she graduated and started working as an event planner, she began to eat more pizza and frozen meals, stopped exercising, and put on 15 pounds.
What do you think of this story? Leave a Comment.
The strict Dukan Diet emphasizes lean protein, like seafood, and very few carbs. In one month, Emily shed 14 pounds.
Before: 156 pounds
After: 142 pounds
What Worked: "I'm on phase two, and protein seems to keep me full better than carbs do. I'm rarely hungry, because the diet allows me to graze. Breakfast is two hard-boiled eggs or nonfat Greek yogurt, lunch is sliced turkey with mustard, and dinner is white fish with lemon, plus the oat bran. It's not exciting, but it works."
What Didn't: "Phase one was rough; trading cereal and greens for all protein was hard on my digestive system. I crave blueberries and watermelon, and I want them before phase three! I also miss wine, but booze is a no-no. I've cheated by having a glass a few nights a week and still lost weight."
The Pro's Take: "This is essentially a tweaked Atkins diet," says Shiloah, who disapproves of the restrictions on fruits and grains, because carbs give us energy. "There are no 'bad' fruits," she says. You need to balance protein with healthy carbs at each meal. "Half of your plate should be veggies, a quarter should be protein and a quarter should contain whole grains," she says.
Originally published in FITNESS magazine, November/December 2011.
What do you think of this story? Leave a Comment.
Hi, How much weight would you like to lose? Whether it's a little or a lot, there are some hurdles you'll need to avoid if you don't want the scale to register the same weight - or higher! More info feel free to email: email@example.com
9/14/2013 03:17:38 PM Report Abusethe question is where are the carbs because Protein and fats are not a good source of energy. With this diet I predict fatigue and exhaustion and possible injury because of the lack of energy
2/16/2012 09:46:55 PM Report AbuseWheat has opiods & thus is highly addictive. One might experience headaches, but would we suggest remaining a drug addict because the withdrawal symptoms might be painful? You have done a great disservice by suggesting adding beans. No benefits mentioned. The tsunami is coming... soon, more awareness of Paleo & people will give it a try despite misinformation about it being difficult to stick with. It's easy � except for those who have absolutely no interest in their own quality of life.
12/13/2011 01:42:16 PM Report AbuseThis is less than 500 frigging words. One CANNOT post here!!! I've had to watch five commercials so far. Paleo rocks - your site does not! Now - to the next commercial...
12/13/2011 01:40:26 PM Report AbuseThere is NO calorie restriction with Paleo. Paleo is one of very few diets (using that word to describe "eating food" and not "loose weight") that addresses food quality. Paleo cannot be described as a "Crash Diet" by any stretch of the imagination, it is a decision to take control of one's health for the better :-)
12/13/2011 11:40:19 AM Report AbusePlease confirm your comment by answering the question below and clicking "Submit Comment."
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Albuquerque Homeschool Forum / Swap meet / Junie B. Jones books $1.50pc.
Posted by:
onnie, April 16, 2012, 2:46pm
First Grader Shipwrecked-excellent condition
First Grader Boss of Lunch-excellent condition
First Grader Dumb Bunny-excellent condition
First Grader Aloha-ha-ha- bent mark on the front cover (still in very good condition)
First Grader (at last) -excellent condition
First Grader Toothless Wonder-small strip on the top bind
First Grader Boo.. I Mean It! small strip on the bottom bind
Junie B. Jones:
Is not a Crook- bent mark on the front cover (in very good condition)
Captain Field Day-very good condition
Is a Beauty Shop Guy- small strip on the bottom bind (still in good condition)
Loves Handsome Warren-small strip on the bottom of the bind
Smells Something Fishy-very small strip on the bottom bind
Has a Peep in Her Pocket-very good condition
and the Little Monkey Business-small strip on the bottom bind & a small cut on the barcode
and the Mushy Gushy Valentine-excellent condition
and the Yucky Blucky Fruitcake
Sneaky Peeky Spying
and the Stupid Smelly Bus
I have a bunch of Baby Sitter's Book Club and Baby sitter's little sister books as well as board books for younger kids. Thank you very much for looking.
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Definition of wild swimming in English:
wild swimming
Syllabification: wild swim·mingnoun
- The practice or activity of swimming for pleasure in natural waters, typically rivers and lakes.More example sentences
- There's something exhilarating about wild swimming that makes the skin tingle, blows away the cobwebs and cleanses right to the very core.
- Wild swimming is growing in popularity as a free activity in the UK.
- I love wild swimming, any swimming outdoors actually.
More definitions of wild swimming
Definition of wild swimming in:- The British & World English dictionary


text:
Kelly Miller Deputy CIONational Security Agency
Kelly Miller hasn't shied away from the daunting task of aligning IT environments for the Defense Department and Intelligence Community to ensure they have a sound and effective architecture.
As part of a small team from the defense and intelligence agencies, Miller engineered improvements in the Intelligence Community's information environment to support deployed forces and headquarters leaders. His persistence, practicality and solid engineering know-how kept the team on track. Miller has been a key player in the convergence of those environments in part because of his experience as former chief engineer at NSA.
He improved the environment's architecture and engineering while driving the community to use existing capabilities and ensuring that any new efforts support the shared environment.
Read more about the 2011 Federal 100 award winners.
About the Author
Dan Rowinski is a staff reporter covering communications technologies.
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BOSTON (AP) — The Boston Archdiocese is urging parishioners to ''use good judgment'' when deciding whether to travel to Sunday Mass in the wake of the massive snow storm hitting the region.
Blizzard conditions and up to 3 feet of snow are forecast in the Boston area during the storm, which is expected to be at its worst late Friday and early Saturday.
The archdiocese issued a statement Friday in which it reminded Catholics to be prudent and heed travel advisories in their cities and towns.
In the statement, the archdiocese expressed hope the storm will have passed and roads will be clear by Sunday. But it reminded Catholics that under church law, the obligation to attend Sunday Mass ''does not apply when there is grave difficulty in fulfilling this obligation.''


text:
Check Out the Astonishingly Versatile Bounce Metronome Pro
"feels like having your own conductor to help you keep in time..." Martin Walker, PC Notes, Sound On Sound Magazine
Professional musicians are amazed by its advanced rhythm capabilities
You can set it to play an astonishing range of rhythms including all time signatures (even odd time), swing, polyrhythms, rhythm cycles, drum rudiments, rhythms like ♫ ♩ ♪♩.and many rare rhythms.
Bounce Metronome for Windows is especially designed to help you make best use of a metronome - with features like automatic switching of tempi and time signatures, accelerating tempo, stepping progressions, & go silent briefly to encourage steady tempo.
Ready to buy? Click here, or use the buy button which is on every page of this site (to the right). Or if you wish to try it first, get your 30 day trial and free taster yours to keepl Or read on to find out more.
First the usual:
5/4 - one of the rhythms of Bounce Metronome Basic
* Simple and compound time 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 6/8, 9/8, 12/8
* With up to four subdivisions of each beat - e.g. 16th notes (semiquavers)
Then you get:
* All time signatures including odd, such as 5/4, 7/4, 11/4 etc
* Any number of subdivisions
This so far is Bounce Metronome Basic - yours for $9.99 (with discounts)
Bounce Metronome Pro has many more rhythms - much desired by musicians, but rarely found in a metronome. With separate views to make it easy to work with each type of rhythm, you get:
Paradiddle - here played with gradual tempo changes faster, then slower then faster again repeating Find out more »
* Swing
* Drum rudiments such as paradiddles
* Polyrhythms
* Polymeters and Rhythm Phasing
* Additive rhythms (or mixed meters)
* Flamenco Compás
You also get super -complex metronome rhythms such as:
Rhythm phasing: same rhythm in all sixteen parts. The other parts are faster than the first part by 101%. 102%, 103%, ,,, 115%. Played on harmonics
* 4/4 over 4/3 type polyrhythms for Math Metal etc.(Brian Ferneyhough's notation)
* 4/4 + 7/8 type additive rhythms for Jazz
* Cycles of polyrhythms as used in Indian music
* Additive rhythms with any number of measures such as for Balkan music
* The fascinating golden ratio polytempi - which never repeat exactly, - the "most polyrhythmic" rhythm you can get
All of these rhythms are included in your purchase of Bounce Metronome Pro - yours for $29.99(with discounts)
Find out More »
Buy it Now!
4/4 : 4/5: 4/3 (Brian Ferneyhough's notation) as a harmonic polyrhythm with gradually changing tempo
These rare rhythms are a much desired feature of a metronome for Math Metal and composers who work with complex polymeters. They combine ideas from rhythm phasing and polyrhythms.
Unlike normal polyrhythms, the measures as well as the beats differ in size. Played here as harmonic polyrhythms - each rhythm plays a different pitch with the pitches related to each other via the harmonic series
Buy with confidence - you have a no quibbles Money-back Guarantee.
With discounts for education, under 18, retired, unemployed, or if your income is very low when it is converted into US dollars - choose your own discount and get it right away.
Or download your 30 day Free Test Drive - including your free taster bounce metronome
Mac and other users - please see the Mac, Mobile and Multi-Platfrom FAQs.
Back to tabs menuTempo
Has all the tempo features for the most demanding musician:
- Tap in time with music to set the tempo
Not sure of the metronome mark to use for a song or tune? Just tap in time with it and the tempo dial auto adjusts to show the correct tempo -
Set any tempo with unlimited range,
- you can type in your desired tempo - so you aren't limited to the 24 to 208 range of the dial -
Fractional BPM
- you want a tempo of 120.7 bpm? No problem just type in the desired tempo and away you go. -
Fully customisable tempo dial
- if you often use tempi below 24 or above 208 bpm, you can change the tempo range for the dial. Also customise the standard Andante, Allegro etc tempo names on the dial - set the tempo range for each one or make your own custom tempo names with ranges. - Gradually get faster and slower
Use Bounce Metronome to improve your capabilities for professionally smooth and gradual tempo changes. Also useful when you want to play the same passage over and over at faster (or slower) speeds until you can play it at tempo. - Stepping progressions for speed drills
Especially useful if you hit a "speed wall" in your practise and want to go past it to play faster. -
Go silent briefly
This helps you develop stable timing - metronome goes silent for a few measures then comes back on again - are you still in time with it when it comes back?
And more, see: Tempo Dial FAQ
Sounds to help you hear the rhythm clearly
- Use any instrument for each rhythm in a polyrhythm
- Use distinctive instruments for each note in the rhythm, including beat boxing
- Any instrument, percussion or melodic, so long as it can be played via midi.
- Beeps, and other sounds with its Wave Shape Player
- Add chords to accompany the rhythm
- Preview the rhythm as a fractal tune
These bounce visuals help you at all levels, from beginner to pro, in many different ways
- When you first play with a metronome, you may well find it surprisingly hard to keep in time with the clicks - and the visual bounce helps you get started.
- The visual bounce lets you see each beat coming. This helps you to play exactly in time in a relaxed and professional way.
- For experienced pros - it also makes it much faster to learn new complex rhythms and ones with irregular timing.
- For everyone, the bounce continually encourages you to play more exactly in time, much as a conductor does with his baton.
see: Why does the bounce work so well?
More Features
You also get an on-screen playable version of Theremin's Rhythmicon, and harmonic polyrhythms - and the bounce on lyrics
Breathing space animation from Lissajous 3D, and Navigating the pacific by stars wind and waves fractal tune from Tune Smithy
As a bonus in the same bundle you also get the Tune Smithy Fractal Tunes. This is a source for an endless variety of musical ideas - complex fractal flurries of tiny notes as intricate as snowflakes - and beautiful slow melodies - all as royalty free music to use as you wish.


text:
Florida Evidence Courtroom Manual, 2013 Edition
This convenient softbound manual is designed specifically for courtroom use ...
Products to Consider
Florida Automobile Insurance Law, 8th Edition with CD-ROM
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LuxuryLink Summer 2007 News Letter
Community Members....we're a little surprised no one has commented on the most recent LuxuryLink News Letter http://www.luxurylink.com/about/abt_...p?WT.ac=NDDC06especially given the prominent placement of the article on the value of the input being gathered from our group.
It's nice to see LuxuryLink management has outlined some of the suggestions generated in this community as "changes" in their marketing strategies. Looks like African and Asia have both enjoyed increased interest....could be a sign of future offerings. One item, not included in the news letter (at least we didn't locate it), is any mention of the previously discussedmeeting in New York.
Any opinions or observations on the news letter content?
Message Edited by omegaet on 07-31-2007 07:24 PM- Ω -
"Perspectives & Travel Experiences"
Re: LuxuryLink Summer 2007 News Letter
Well, fancy that--I had no idea there was a newsletter! Thanks for the "idiot" link!! Much appreciated, Omegaet. Glad someone digs into the back pages and finds these bits to share.
Who knew, y'all?!!"wherever you go, there you are"
Re: LuxuryLink Summer 2007 News Letter
Thanks Omegaet - I somehow missed this, or was it included in an email recently? At any rate, some good reading. I found the article on "Under 40 travelers" interesting and spot on. I've noticed my friends and I (college educated 30-somethings) are generally traveling more luxuriously than our parents did at our ages...not necessarily an indicator of higher incomes than our parents - although that may be the case - but perhaps of more comfortable upbringings? I don't know, but I know I'm more willing to spend more of my $$ on travel than my parents did at my age. Maybe we as a generation will earn our come-uppance eventually for being more spendy than the generations before but for now I would assume it is benefitting the travel industry.
Re: LuxuryLink Summer 2007 News Letter
claassenam & kyshel....we believe the LuxuryLink New Letter isdesigned forindustry and advertising client distribution (just look at the content and tone of the stories as well as the link under About Us), rather than retail clients like us......if correct, that explains why the news letter is not emailed to us.
We just find it interesting to read how LuxuryLink projects their own persona.
My parents never experienced the Internet and really had few opportunities to shop for luxury travel, other than pay full retail through conventional travel agents.
Frankly, we wouldn't probably be willing to pay full retail for most of theproperties we have purchased through LuxuryLink (not because the properties aren't work their retail price, but we would choose to allocate our money to buy additional quantity rather than quality.....without LuxuryLink, we would certainly be willing to lope a star off of most destinations).
How do other community members feel on this subject?- Ω -
"Perspectives & Travel Experiences"
Re: LuxuryLink Summer 2007 News Letter
Considering my parents made it thru the Depression and worked more than one job as their 4 kids grew up, it's no wonder we spend far more than they did [proportionately] on travel.
The obvious difference in travel opportunities has changed just a teeny bit, too! While I adore 5 star suites and grandiose degustations, I am ever so grateful that we could [only] afford to drive all over the States and Canada and see the National Parks and stay with relatives, picnic in the desert or eat cold cereal shivering in a leaky tent..."wherever you go, there you are"
Re: LuxuryLink Summer 2007 News Letter
Thanks for sharing the newsletter link. It was interesting to see the VIP contributors referred to as "trusted influencers".
I agree with the other comments regarding how many travellers are spending more and travelling to more exotic destinations than our parents. I'm sure a sociologist and an economist are teaming up to research this at a university somewhere!
- Join Date
- Jan 2007
- Location
- Middle TN, Clearwater & Key Largo, FL
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08-05-2007, 09:10 AMRe: LuxuryLink Summer 2007 News Letter
I never even realized luxury link published a news letter. Now that I have read it, I am even more impressed with the company and their clients. Thank you.
Re: LuxuryLink Summer 2007 News Letter
Thanks O for pointing us to the newsletter. While they stress many aspects of the LL demographic, I think something is missing from the description of the LL consumer. I'm always impressed by how much research we do while planning travel. And we're the ones doing the planning and making the decisions. While we may rely on travel agents and other professionals from time to time, my guess is that many of us know more about destinations and properties under consideration than some of the experts. We may have more money to spend on travel, but we are looking to get the best value and the best travel experience possible. That's why we love LL!