text:
The Sun (United Kingdom)
Front page of The Sun, September 2012
Type | Daily newspaper (Sunday newspaper from 26 February 2012) |
Format | Tabloid |
Owner(s) | News UK |
Editor | David Dinsmore[1] |
Founded | 1964 |
Political alignment | Populism |
Headquarters | 3 Thomas More Square, London |
Circulation | 2,213,659 (January 2014)[2] |
OCLC number | 723661694 |
Official website | thesun.co.uk |
The Sun is a daily tabloid newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is published by the News Group Newspapers division of News UK, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp.[2][3]
The Sun had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the United Kingdom,[2] but in late 2013 slipped to second largest Saturday newspaper behind the Daily Mail.[4] It had an average daily circulation of 2,213,659 copies in January 2014.[2] Between July and December 2013 the paper had an average daily readership of approximately 5.5 million, with approximately 31% of those falling into the ABC1 demographic and 68% in the C2DE demographic. Approximately 41% of readers are women.[2] The Sun has been involved in many controversies in its history, including its coverage of the 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster, among others.
On 26 February 2012, The Sun on Sunday was launched to replace the defunct News of the World, employing some of its former journalists.[5][6][7] National editions are published in London (The Sun), Dublin (The Irish Sun) and Glasgow (The Scottish Sun).
In late 2013, The Sun on Sunday was given a new look, accompanied with a new type-face.
The Sun before Murdoch[edit]
The Sun was first published as a broadsheet on 15 September 1964 – with a logo featuring a glowing orange disc.[8] It was launched by owners IPC (International Publishing Corporation) to replace the failing Daily Herald.
Research commissioned by Cecil King from Mark Abrams of Sussex University, The Newspaper Reading Public of Tomorrow,[9] identified demographic changes which suggested reasons why the Herald might be in decline.[10] The new paper was intended to add a readership of 'social radicals' to the Herald's 'political radicals'.[11] Launched with an advertising budget of £400,000[12] the brash new paper "burst forth with tremendous energy", according to The Times.[13] Its initial print run of 3.5 million was attributed to 'curiosity' and the 'advantage of novelty',[13] and had declined to the previous circulation of the Daily Herald (1.2 million)[11] within a few weeks.
By 1969, according to Hugh Cudlipp The Sun was losing about £2M a year[14] and had a circulation of 800,000.[12] IPC decided to sell. Bill Grundy wrote in The Spectator in July 1969 that although it published "fine writers" in Geoffrey Goodman, Nancy Banks-Smith and John Akass among others, he thought it had never overcome the negative impact of its launch.[14]
Book publisher and Member of Parliament, Robert Maxwell, eager to buy a British newspaper, offered to take it off their hands and retain its commitment to the Labour Party, but admitted there would be redundancies, especially among the printers. Rupert Murdoch had bought the News of the World, a sensationalist Sunday newspaper, the previous year, but the presses in the basement of his building in London's Bouverie Street were unused six days a week.[15]
Seizing the opportunity to increase his presence on Fleet Street, he made an agreement with the print unions,[15] promising fewer redundancies if he acquired the newspaper. He assured IPC that he would publish a "straightforward, honest newspaper" which would continue to support Labour. IPC, under pressure from the unions, rejected Maxwell's offer, and Murdoch bought the paper for £800,000, to be paid in instalments.[16] He would later remark: "I am constantly amazed at the ease with which I entered British newspapers."[17]
The Daily Herald had been printed in Manchester since 1930, as was the Sun after its launch in 1964. but Murdoch stopped printing in Manchester in 1969 which put the ageing Bouverie Street presses under extreme pressure as circulation grew.
The early Murdoch years[edit]
Murdoch appointed Larry Lamb as his first editor. Lamb was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, where he had recently been employed as a senior sub-editor. He shared Murdoch's view that a paper's quality was best measured by its sales, and he regarded the Mirror as overstaffed, and primarily aimed at an ageing readership. Lamb hastily recruited a staff of about 125 reporters, who were mostly selected for their availability rather than their ability.[17]
This was about a quarter of what the Mirror then employed, and Murdoch had to draft in staff on loan from his Australian papers. Murdoch immediately relaunched The Sun as a tabloid, and ran it as a sister paper to the News of the World.[17] The Sun used the same printing presses, and the two papers were managed together at senior executive levels.
The tabloid Sun first published on 17 November 1969, with a front page headlined "HORSE DOPE SENSATION" – an 'exclusive' in which a racing trainer admitted he was doping his horses. The paper copied its rival The Daily Mirror in several ways. It was the same size and its masthead had the title in white on a red rectangle of the same colour as the Daily Mirror. The Mirror's "Lively Letters" was matched by "Liveliest Letters", and the comic strip "Garth" by a comic strip "Scarth" featuring a frequently naked woman.
Later strips included Striker, set in the world of football; Axa, about a barbarian woman in a post-apocalyptic world; Hägar the Horrible, the comic adventures of a home-loving Viking warrior; and George and Lynne, a domestic gag-a-day strip about a couple and their friends and neighbours. George and Lynne were normally pictured naked but discreetly covered.
Sex was used as an important element in marketing the paper from the start. While the Daily Mirror frequently featured a pin-up photograph of a young woman in bikini or lingerie, ostensibly as a fashion item, The Sun dispensed with the excuses; it featured what were openly glamour photographs of women, wearing fewer clothes than their Mirror counterparts. When the first topless Page 3 girl appeared on 17 November 1970, German-born Stephanie Rahn, little offence was caused as she was presented as a one-off "Birthday Suit Girl" to mark the first anniversary of the relaunched Sun.[18]
Controversy was only ignited over the next four years when the topless Page 3 girl gradually became a regular fixture, and with increasingly risqué poses. Both feminists and many cultural conservatives saw the pictures as pornographic and misogynistic. A public library in Sowerby Bridge, West Yorkshire, banned the paper because of its "excessive sexual content".[18]
The Labour MP Alex Lyon waved a copy of The Sun in the House of Commons and suggested the paper could be prosecuted for indecency. Sexually related features such as "Do Men Still Want To Marry A Virgin?" and "The Way into a Woman's Bed" began to appear. Serialisations of erotic books were frequent; the publication of extracts from The Sensuous Woman, at a time when copies of the book were being seized by Customs, produced a scandal and a gratifying amount of free publicity.[18]
Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years, remained nominally Labour. It supported the Labour Party led by Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election,[19] with the headline "Why It Must Be Labour"[20] but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party while suggesting that it might support a Labour Party led by James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins.[19] In the October election an editorial asserted: "ALL our instincts are left rather than right and we would vote for any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat."[19]
The editor, Larry Lamb, was originally from a Labour background, with a socialist upbringing while his temporary replacement Bernard Shrimsley (1972–75) was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative. An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy,[21] may have helped The Sun to overtake the Daily Mirror's circulation in 1978.[22] Despite the industrial relations of the 1970s – the so-called "Spanish practices" of the print unions – The Sun was very profitable, enabling Murdoch to expand his operations to the United States from 1973.
The Thatcher years[edit]
In 1979 the paper endorsed Margaret Thatcher in the year's general election, at the end of a process which had been under way for some time, though The Sun had not initially been enthusiastic for Thatcher. On 3 May 1979, it ran the unequivocal front page headline, "VOTE TORY THIS TIME".[23]
The Daily Star had been launched in 1978 by Express Newspaper, and by 1981 had begun to affect sales of The Sun. Bingo was introduced as a marketed tool and a 2p drop in cover price removed the Daily Star's competitive advantage opening a new circulation battle which resulted in The Sun neutralising the threat of the new paper.[24] The new editor of The Sun, Kelvin MacKenzie, took up his post in 1981 just after these developments,[25] and "changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did", according to Bruce Page, MacKenzie[24] The paper became "more outrageous, opinionated and irreverent than anything ever produced in Britain".[26]
The Falklands War[edit]
The Sun became an ardent supporter of the Falklands War. The coverage "captured the zeitgeist", according to Roy Greenslade, Assistant Editor at the time though privately an opponent of the war, but was also "xenophobic, bloody-minded, ruthless, often reckless, black-humoured and ultimately triumphalist."[27]
One of the paper's best known front pages, published on 4 May 1982, appeared to celebrate the news of the torpedoing of the Argentine ship the General Belgrano during the Falklands War by running the story under the headline "GOTCHA".[28] The headline was changed for later editions when the extent of Argentine casualties became known.[29] Sunday Times reporter John Shirley witnessed copies of this edition of The Sun being thrown overboard by sailors and marines on HMS Fearless.[30]
On 1 May, The Sun claimed to have 'sponsored' a British missile. Under the headline "Stick This Up Your Junta: A Sun missile for Galtieri's gauchos",[31] the newspaper published a photograph of a missile, (actually a Polaris missile stock shot from the Ministry of Defence) which had a large Sun logo printed on its side with the caption "Here It Comes, Senors..." underneath.[32][27] The paper explained that it was 'sponsoring' the missile by contributing to the eventual victory party on HMS Invincible when the war ended. In copy written by Wendy Henry, the paper said that the missile would shortly be used against Argentinian forces. Despite this, it went not well received by the troops and copies of The Sun were soon burnt.[32] Tony Snow, The Sun journalist on HMS Invincible who had 'signed' the missile, reported a few days later that it had hit an Argentinian target.[32][27]
After HMS Sheffield was wrecked by an Argentinian attack, The Sun was heavily criticised and even mocked for its coverage of the war in The Daily Mirror and The Guardian, and the wider media queried the veracity of official information and worried about the number of casualties, The Sun gave its response. "There are traitors in our midst", wrote leader writer Ronald Spark on 7 May, accusing commentators on Daily Mirror and The Guardian, plus the BBC's defence correspondent Peter Snow, of "treason" for aspects of their coverage.[33]
The satirical magazine Private Eye mocked and lampooned what they regarded as the paper's jingoistic coverage, most memorably with the mock-Sun headline "KILL AN ARGIE, WIN A METRO!", to which MacKenzie is said to have jokingly responded, "Why didn't we think of that?"[34]
The Sun and the Labour Party[edit]
These years were marked by "spectacularly malicious coverage"[35] of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of his age, appearance and policies, alongside the headline "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?"[36] A year later, in 1984, The Sun made clear its enthusiastic support for the re-election of Ronald Reagan as president in the USA. Reagan was two weeks off his 74th birthday when he started his second term, in January 1985.
On 1 March 1984 the newspaper extensively quoted a respected American psychiatrist claiming that British left-wing politician Tony Benn was "insane", with the psychiatrist discussing various aspects of Benn's supposed pathology.[37] The story, which appeared on the day of the Chesterfield byelection in which Benn was standing, was discredited when the psychiatrist quoted by The Sun publicly denounced the article and described the false quotes attributed to him as "absurd", The Sun having apparently fabricated the entire piece. The newspaper made frequent scathing attacks on what the paper called the 'loony left' element within the Labour Party[38] and on institutions supposedly controlled by it. Ken Livingstone, the leader of the left-wing Greater London Council was described as "the most odious man in Britain"[39] in October 1981.[40]
The Sun, during the Miners' strike of 1984–85, supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners, and in particular the union's president, Arthur Scargill. On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun refused to print it.[41] The Sun strongly supported the April 1986 bombing of Libya by the US, which was launched from British bases. Several civilians were killed during the bombing. Their leader was "Right Ron, Right Maggie".[42] That year, Labour MP Clare Short attempted in vain to persuade Parliament to outlaw the pictures on Page Three and gained opprobrium from the newspaper for her stand.
During the 1987 general election, the Sun ran a mock-editorial entitled "Why I'm Backing Kinnock, by Stalin".[43]
Murdoch responds[edit]
Murdoch has responded to some of the arguments against the newspaper by saying that critics are "snobs" who want to "impose their tastes on everyone else", while MacKenzie claims the same critics are people who, if they ever had a "popular idea", would have to "go and lie down in a dark room for half an hour". Both have pointed to the huge commercial success of the Sun in this period and its establishment as Britain's top-selling newspaper, claiming that they are "giving the public what they want". This conclusion is heavily disputed by critics, with John Pilger pointing out that a late-1970s edition of the Daily Mirror which replaced the usual celebrity and domestic political news items with an entire issue devoted to his own front-line reporting of the genocide in Pol Pot's Cambodia not only outsold the Sun on the day it was issued but became the only edition of the Daily Mirror to ever sell every single copy issued throughout the country, something never achieved by The Sun.
In January 1986 Murdoch shut down the Bouverie Street premises of The Sun and News of the World, and moved operations to the new Wapping complex in East London, substituting the electricians' union for the print unions as his production staff's representatives and greatly reducing the number of staff employed to print the papers; a year-long picket by sacked workers was eventually defeated (see Wapping dispute).
"Freddie Starr Ate My Hamster"[edit]
During this period, The Sun gained a reputation for running stories with questionable veracity. The most blatant example gave the paper one of its best remembered on 13 March 1986: "FREDDIE STARR ATE MY HAMSTER".
The story alleged that British comedian Freddie Starr, while staying at the home of (writer and old friend) Vince McCaffrey and his partner Lea La Salle[44] in Birchwood, Cheshire had, after returning from a performance at a nightclub in the early hours, found little to eat in their house. Starr put La Salle's pet hamster, she was reported as saying, "between two slices of bread and started eating it".[45]
According to Max Clifford: Read All About It, written by Clifford and Angela Levin, Le Salle invented the story out of frustration with Starr who had been working on a book with McCaffrey. She contacted an acquaintance who worked for The Sun in Manchester. The story delighted MacKenzie, who was keen to run it, and Max Clifford, who had been Starr's PR for a while.[44] Starr had to be persuaded that the apparent revelation would not damage him; the attention helped to revive his career.[46] In his 2001 autobiography Unwrapped, Starr wrote that the incident was a complete fabrication: "I have never eaten or even nibbled a live hamster, gerbil, guinea pig, mouse, shrew, vole or any other small mammal."[47]
Elton John and other celebrities[edit]
Fuelled by MacKenzie's preoccupation with the subject, stories in The Sun insinuated and spread rumours about the sexual orientation of famous people, especially pop stars.[48]
Eventually resulting in 17 libel writs in total, The Sun ran a series of false stories about the pop musician Elton John from 25 February 1987.[49] They began with an invented account of the singer having sexual relationships with rent boys. The singer-songwriter was abroad on the day indicated in the story, as former Sun journalist John Blake, recently poached by the Daily Mirror, soon discovered.[50] After further stories, in September 1987, The Sun accused John of having his Rottweiler guard dogs voice boxes surgically removed.[51] In November, the Daily Mirror found their rival's only source for the rent boy story and he admitted it was a totally fictitious concoction created for money.[52] The inaccurate story about his dogs, actually Alsatians,[51] put pressure on The Sun, and John received £1 million in an out of court settlement, then the largest damages payment in British history. The Sun ran a front-page apology on 12 December 1988, under the banner headline "SORRY, ELTON".[53] In May 1987 gay men were offered free one-way airline tickets to Norway to leave Britain for good: "Fly Away Gays - And We Will Pay" was the paper's headline.[54] Gay Church of England clergymen were described in one headline in November 1987 as "Pulpit poofs".[55]
Television personality Piers Morgan, a former editor of the Daily Mirror and of The Sun's Bizarre pop column, has said that during the late 1980s, at Kelvin MacKenzie's behest, he was ordered to speculate on the sexuality of male pop stars for a feature headlined "The Poofs of Pop".[56] He also recalls MacKenzie headlining a January 1989 story about the first homosexual kiss on the BBC television soap opera EastEnders "EastBenders",[56] describing the kiss between Colin Russell and Guido Smith as "a homosexual love scene between yuppie poofs ... when millions of children were watching".[57]
In 1990, the Press Council adjudicated against The Sun and columnist Garry Bushell for their use of derogatory terminology about gays.[58]
The Sun responded to the health crisis on 8 May 1983 with the headline: "US Gay Blood Plague Kills Three in Britain".[59]
On 17 November 1989, The Sun headlined a page 2 news story titled "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL." The Sun favourably cited the opinions of Lord Kilbracken, a member of the All Parliamentary Group on AIDS. Lord Kilbracken said that only one person out of the 2,372 AIDS-infected individuals mentioned in a specific Department of Health report was not a member of a "high risk group", such as homosexuals and recreational drug users. The Sun also ran an editorial further arguing that "At last the truth can be told... the risk of catching AIDS if you are heterosexual is "statistically invisible". In other words impossible. So now we know – everything else is homosexual propaganda." Although many other British press services covered Lord Kilbracken's public comments, none of them made the argument that the Sun did in its editorial and none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism.[60]
Critics stated that both The Sun and Lord Kilbracken cherry-picked the results from one specific study while ignoring other data reports on HIV infection and not just AIDS infection, which the critics viewed as unethical politicisation of a medical issue. Lord Kilbracken himself criticised The Sun's editorial and the headline of its news story; he stated that while he thought that gay people were more at risk of developing AIDS it was still wrong to imply that no one else could catch the disease. The Press Council condemned The Sun for committing what it called a "gross distortion". The Sun later ran an apology, which they ran on Page 28. Journalist David Randall argued in the textbook The Universal Journalist that The Sun's story was one of the worst cases of journalistic malpractice in recent history, putting its own readers in harm's way.[60][61]
The Hillsborough disaster and its aftermath[edit]
At the end of the decade, The Sun's coverage of the Hillsborough football stadium disaster in Sheffield on 15 April 1989, in which 96 people died as a result of their injuries, proved to be, as the paper later admitted, the "most terrible" blunder in its history.[62]
Under a front page headline "The Truth", the paper claimed that some fans picked the pockets of crushed victims, that others urinated on members of the emergency services as they tried to help and that some even assaulted a Police Constable "whilst he was administering the kiss of life to a patient."[63] Despite the headline, written by Kelvin MacKenzie, the story was based on allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources, or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said – a fact made clear to MacKenzie by Harry Arnold, the reporter who wrote the story.[64]
Although the disaster occurred in front of television cameras and a mass of sports reporters, no evidence was produced to substantiate The Sun's allegations. The front page caused outrage in Liverpool, where the paper lost more than three-quarters of its estimated 55,000 daily sales and still sells poorly more than twenty years later (around 12,000).[64] It is unavailable in many parts of the city, as many newsagents refuse to stock it.[65][66] It was revealed in a documentary called Alexei Sayle's Liverpool, aired in September 2008, that many Liverpudlians will not even take the newspaper for free, and those who do may simply burn or tear it up.[67]
On 7 July 2004, in response to verbal attacks in Liverpool on Wayne Rooney, just before his transfer from Everton to Manchester United, who had sold his life story to The Sun, the paper devoted a full-page editorial to an apology for the "awful error" of its Hillsborough coverage and argued that Rooney (who was still only three years old at the time of Hillsborough) should not be punished for its "past sins". In January 2005, The Sun's managing editor Graham Dudman admitting the Hillsborough coverage was "the worst mistake in our history", added: "What we did was a terrible mistake. It was a terrible, insensitive, horrible article, with a dreadful headline; but what we'd also say is: we have apologised for it, and the entire senior team here now is completely different from the team that put the paper out in 1989".[68]
In May 2006, Kelvin MacKenzie, Sun editor at the time of the Hillsborough disaster, returned to the paper as a columnist. Furthermore, on 11 January 2007, MacKenzie stated, while a panellist on BBC1's Question Time, that the apology he made about the coverage was a hollow one, forced upon him by Rupert Murdoch. MacKenzie further claimed he was not sorry "for telling the truth" but he admitted that he did not know whether some Liverpool fans urinated on the police, or robbed victims.[69]
On 12 September 2012, following the publication of the official report into the disaster using previously withheld Government papers which has exonerated the Liverpool fans present, MacKenzie issued the following statement:
Today I offer my profuse apologies to the people of Liverpool for that headline. I too was totally misled. Twenty three years ago I was handed a piece of copy from a reputable news agency in Sheffield [White's] in which a senior police officer and a senior local MP [Sheffield Hallam MP Irvine Patnick] were making serious allegations against fans in the stadium. I had absolutely no reason to believe that these authority figures would lie and deceive over such a disaster. As the Prime Minister has made clear these allegations were wholly untrue and were part of a concerted plot by police officers to discredit the supporters thereby shifting the blame for the tragedy from themselves. It has taken more than two decades, 400,000 documents and a two-year inquiry to discover to my horror that it would have been far more accurate had I written the headline 'The Lies' rather than 'The Truth'. I published in good faith and I am sorry that it was so wrong.
Trevor Hicks, chairman of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, rejected Mr MacKenzie's apology as "too little, too late", calling him "lowlife, clever lowlife, but lowlife".[70]
Following the publication of the report The Sun apologised on its front page, under the headline "The Real Truth". With the newspaper's editor at the time, Dominic Mohan, adding underneath:
The Sun: "We are profoundly sorry for the false reports. Twenty-three years ago The Sun Newspaper made a terrible mistake. We published an inaccurate and offensive story about the events at Hillsborough. We said it was the truth - it wasn't. The Hillsborough Independent Panel has now established what really happened that day. It's an appalling story and at the heart of it are The Police's attempts to smear Liverpool fans.
It's a version of events that 23 years ago The Sun went along with and for that we're deeply ashamed and profoundly sorry. We've co-operated fully with The Hillsborough Independent Panel and will publish reports of their findings in tomorrow's newspaper. We will also reflect our deep sense of shame".[71]
The 1990s[edit]
The Sun remained loyal to Thatcher right up to her resignation in November 1990,[72] despite the party's fall in popularity over the previous year following the introduction of the Community Charge (popularly known as the poll tax). This change to the way local government is funded was vociferously supported by the newspaper, despite widespread opposition, (some from Conservative MPs), which is seen as having contributed to Thatcher's own downfall. The tax was quickly repealed by her successor John Major, whom The Sun initially supported enthusiastically,[73] believing he was a radical Thatcherite – despite the economy having entered recession at this time.
On the day of the general election of 9 April 1992, its front-page headline, encapsulating its antipathy towards the Labour leader Neil Kinnock, read "If Kinnock wins today, will the last person to leave Britain please turn out the lights". Two days later The Sun was so convinced its front page had swung a close election for the Conservatives it declared "It's The Sun Wot Won It".
The Sun led with a headline "Now we've all been screwed by the cabinet" with a reference to Black Wednesday on 17 September 1992, and the exposure a few months earlier of an extra-marital affair in which Cabinet Minister David Mellor was involved.[74] A month later, on 14 October, it attacked Michael Heseltine for the mass coal mine closures.
Despite its initial opposition to the closures, until 1997, the newspaper repeatedly called for the implementation of further Thatcherite policies, such as Royal Mail privatisation,[75][verification needed] and social security cutbacks, with leaders such as "Peter Lilley is right, we can't carry on like this",[76][verification needed] It showed its hostility to the EU, and its approval of public spending cuts, tax cuts, and promotion of right-wing ministers to the cabinet, with leaders such as "More of the Redwood, not Deadwood".[77]
The Sun attacked Labour leader John Smith in February 1994, for saying that more British troops should be sent to Bosnia. The Sun's comment was that "The only serious radicals in British politics these days are the likes of Redwood, Lilley and Portillo".[78][verification needed] It also gradually expressed its bitter disillusionment with John Major as Prime Minister, with leaders such as "What fools we were to back John Major".[79]
Between 1994 and 1996, The Sun's circulation peaked. Its highest average sale was in the week ending 16 July 1994, when the daily figure was 4,305,957. The highest ever one-day sale was on 18 November 1995 (4,889,118), although the cover price had been cut to 10p. The highest ever one-day sale at full price was on 30 March 1996 (4,783,359).[80]
On 22 January 1997, The Sun accused the shadow chancellor Gordon Brown of stealing the Conservatives' ideas by declaring, "If all he is offering is Conservative financial restraint, why not vote for the real thing?"[81] and called the planned windfall tax, which was later imposed by the Labour government, "wrongheaded".[82] In February 1997 it told Sir Edward Heath (still an MP) to stand down for supporting a National Minimum wage.[83]
Support for 'New Labour'[edit]
The Sun switched support to Labour on 18 March 1997, six weeks before the General Election victory which saw Labour leader Tony Blair become Prime Minister with a large parliamentary majority, despite the paper having attacked Blair and New Labour up to a month earlier. Its front page headline read THE SUN BACKS BLAIR and its front page editorial made clear that while it still opposed some New Labour policies, such as the Minimum Wage and Devolution, it believed Blair to be "the breath of fresh air this great country needs."[84] John Major's Conservatives, it said, were "tired, divided and rudderless".[84] Blair, who had radically altered his party's image and policies, noting the influence the paper could have over its readers' political thinking, had courted it (and Murdoch) for some time by granting exclusive interviews and writing columns.
In exchange for Rupert Murdoch's support, Blair agreed not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism – which John Major had withdrawn the country from in September 1992 after barely two years.[85] Cabinet Minister Peter Mandelson was "outed" by Matthew Parris (a former Sun columnist) on BBC TV's Newsnight in November 1998. Misjudging public response, The Sun's editor David Yelland demanded to know in a front page editorial whether Britain was governed by a "gay mafia" of a "closed world of men with a mutual self-interest". Three days later the paper apologised in another editorial which said The Sun would never again reveal a person's sexuality unless it could be defended on the grounds of "overwhelming public interest".
In 2003 the paper was accused of racism by the Government over its criticisms of what it perceived as the "open door" policy on immigration. The attacks came from the Prime Minister's press spokesman Alastair Campbell and the Home Secretary David Blunkett (later a Sun columnist). The paper rebutted the claim, believing that it was not racist to suggest that a "tide" of unchecked illegal immigrants was increasing the risk of terrorist attacks and infectious diseases. It did not help its argument by publishing a front page story on 4 July 2003, under the headline "Swan Bake", which claimed that asylum seekers were slaughtering and eating swans. It later proved to have no basis in fact. Subsequently The Sun published a follow-up headlined "Now they're after our fish!". Following a Press Complaints Commission adjudication a "clarification" was eventually printed, on page 41.[86] In 2005The Sun published photographs of Prince Harry sporting a Nazi costume to a fancy dress party. The photographs caused outrage across the world and Clarence House was forced to issue a statement in response apologising for any offence or embarrassment caused.[87]
Despite being a persistent critic of some of the government's policies, the paper supported Labour in both subsequent elections the party won. For the 2005 general election, The Sun backed Blair and Labour for a third consecutive election win and vowed to give him "one last chance" to fulfil his promises, despite berating him for several weaknesses including a failure to control immigration. However, it did speak of its hope that the Tories (led by Michael Howard) would one day be fit for a return to government.[36] This election (Blair had declared it would be his last as prime minister) resulted in Labour's third successive win but with a much reduced majority.[88]
Editorial and production issues in the 2000s[edit]
Although the anger generated by Page 3 had waned in a generally more permissive society, when Rebekah Wade (now Brooks) became editor in 2003, it was thought it might be dropped. Wade had tried to persuade David Yelland, her immediate predecessors in the job, to scrap the feature, but a model who shared her first name was used on her first day in the post. In 2005 a college in Lewisham, South-East London, banned The Sun from the campus because it felt its Page 3 pictures were degrading to women.[89]
On 22 September 2003 the newspaper appeared to misjudge the public mood surrounding mental health, as well as its affection for former world heavyweight champion boxer Frank Bruno, who had been admitted to hospital, when the headline "Bonkers Bruno Locked Up" appeared on the front page of early editions. The adverse reaction, once the paper had hit the streets on the evening of 21 September, led to the headline being changed for the paper's second edition to the more sympathetic "Sad Bruno In Mental Home".[90]
The Sun has been openly antagonistic towards other European nations, particularly the French and Germans. During the 1980s and 1990s, the nationalities were routinely described in copy and headlines as "frogs", "krauts" or "hun". As the paper is opposed to the EU it has referred to foreign leaders who it deemed hostile to the UK in unflattering terms. Former President Jacques Chirac of France, for instance, was branded "le Worm". An unflattering picture of German chancellor Angela Merkel, taken from the rear, bore the headline "I'm Big in the Bumdestag" (17 April 2006).
Although The Sun was outspoken against the racism directed at Bollywood actress Shilpa Shetty on television reality show Celebrity Big Brother during 2007, the paper captioned a picture on its website, from a Bollywood-themed pop video by Hilary Duff, "Hilary PoppaDuff",[91] a very similar insult to that directed at Shetty.
On 7 January 2009, The Sun ran an exclusive front page story claiming that participants in a discussion on Ummah.com, a British Muslim internet forum, had made a "hate hit list" of British Jews to be targeted by extremists over the Gaza War. It was claimed that "Those listed [on the forum] should treat it very seriously. Expect a hate campaign and intimidation by 20 or 30 thugs." The UK magazine Private Eye claimed that Glen Jenvey, a man quoted by The Sun as a terrorism expert, who had been posting to the forum under the pseudonym "Abuislam", was the only forum member promoting a hate campaign while other members promoted peaceful advocacy, such as writing 'polite letters'. The story has since been removed from The Sun's website following complaints to the UK's Press Complaints Commission.[92]
On 9 December 2010, The Sun published a front-page story claiming that terrorist group Al-Qaeda had threatened a terrorist attack on Granada Television in Manchester to disrupt the episode of the soap opera Coronation Street to be transmitted live that evening. The paper cited unnamed sources, claiming "cops are throwing a ring of steel around tonight's live episode of Coronation Street over fears it has been targeted by Al-Qaeda."[93] Later that morning, however, Greater Manchester Police categorically denied having "been made aware of any threat from Al-Qaeda or any other proscribed organisation."[94] The Sun published a small correction on 28 December, admitting "that while cast and crew were subject to full body searches, there was no specific threat from Al-Qaeda as we reported."[95] The apology had been negotiated by the Press Complaints Commission.[96] For the day following the 2011 Norway attacks The Sun produced an early edition blaming the massacre on al-Qaeda. Later the perpetrator was revealed to be Anders Behring Breivik, a Norwegian nationalist.
In January 2008 the Wapping presses printed The Sun for the last time and London printing was transferred to Waltham Cross in the Borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire,[97] on the outskirts of London, where News International had built what is claimed to be the largest printing centre in Europe with 12 presses. The site also produces the Times and Sunday Times, Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph, Wall Street Journal Europe (also now a Murdoch newspaper), London's Evening Standard and local papers. Northern printing had earlier been switched to a new plant at Knowsley on Merseyside and the Scottish Sun to another new plant at Motherwell near Glasgow. The three print centres represent a £600 million investment by NI and allowed all the titles to be produced with every page in full colour from 2008. The Waltham Cross plant is capable of producing one million copies an hour of a 120-page tabloid newspaper.
In early 2011 the company vacated the Wapping complex, which in November 2011 was put on the market for a reputed £200 million. In May 2012 it was reported the Wapping site had been sold for £150 million to St George, part of Berkeley Group Holdings.[98]
2009: The Sun returns to the Conservatives[edit]
Politically, the paper's stance was less clear under Prime Minister Gordon Brown who succeeded Blair in June 2007. Its editorials were critical of many of Brown's policies and often more supportive of those of Conservative leader David Cameron. Rupert Murdoch, head of The Sun's parent company News Corporation, speaking at a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, said that he acts as a "traditional proprietor". This means he exercises editorial control on major issues such as which political party to back in a general election or which policy to adopt on Europe.[99]
With 'Broken Britain' controversies on issues like crime, immigration and public service failures in the news, on 30 September 2009, following Brown's speech at the Labour Party Conference, The Sun, under the banner "Labour's Lost It" announced that it no longer supported the Labour Party.[100] "The Sun believes – and prays – that the Conservative leadership can put the great back into Great Britain", though the Scottish Sun was more equivocal in its editorial.[citation needed]
That day at the Labour Party Conference, Union Leader Tony Woodley responded by ripping up a copy of that edition of The Sun remarking as he did so in reference to the newspaper's Hillsborough Disaster controversy: "In Liverpool we learnt a long time ago what to do".[101] The magazine Private Eye noted that the switch came shortly after a number of Conservative announcements that echoed James Murdoch's anti-BBC stance that had been the core of his MacTaggart Memorial Lecture at the 2009 Edinburgh International Television Festival.[citation needed] One attack on Gordon Brown backfired at around this time. After criticising him for misspelling a dead soldier's mother's name, The Sun was then forced to apologise for misspelling the same name on their website.[102]
The Scottish Sun did not back either Labour or the Conservatives, with its editorial stating it was "yet to be convinced" by the Conservative opposition, and editor David Dinsmore asking in an interview "what is David Cameron going to do for Scotland?".[103][104] Dinsmore also stated that the paper supported the Union, and was unlikely to back the Scottish National Party.
During the campaign for the United Kingdom general election, 2010, The Independent ran ads declaring that "Rupert Murdoch won't decide this election – you will." In response James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade "appeared unannounced and uninvited on the editorial floor" of the Independent, and had an energetic conversation with its editor Simon Kelner.[105] Several days later the Independent reported The Sun's failure to report its own YouGov poll result which said that "if people thought Mr Clegg's party had a significant chance of winning the election" the Liberal Democrats would win 49% of the vote, and with it a landslide majority.[106]
On election day (6 May 2010), The Sun urged its readers to vote for David Cameron's "modern and positive" Conservatives in order to save Britain from "disaster" which the paper thought the country would face if the Labour government was re-elected. The election ended in the first hung parliament for 34 years, with the Tories having the most seats and votes but being 20 seats short of an overall majority. They finally came to power on 11 May when Gordon Brown stepped down as prime minister, paving the way for David Cameron to become prime minister by forming a coalition with the Liberal Democrats.[107]
On 24 August 2012, The Sun sparked a controversy when it published photos of Prince Harry taken in a private situation with friends while on holiday in Las Vegas, USA. While other British newspapers had not published the photos in deference to the privacy of members of the Royal Family, editorial staff of The Sun claimed it was a move to test Britain's perception of freedom of the press. In the photos, which were published on the Internet worldwide, Prince Harry was naked.[108]
The Sun has defended page 3 for the last 42 years, with (then) editor Dominic Mohan telling the Leveson inquiry into press standards in February 2012 that "Page 3" is an "innocuous British Institution, regarded with affection and tolerance."[109]
To mark the feature's 40th anniversary, feminist author, Germaine Greer wrote an article in The Sun on 18 November 2010 published under the headline: "If I ask my odd-job man what he gets out of page 3, he tells me simply, 'It cheers me up'".[110]
Fallout from the News of the World scandal[edit]
Following the News of the World phone hacking affair that led to the closure of that paper on 10 July 2011, there was speculation that News International would launch a Sunday edition of The Sun to replace the News of the World.[111] The internet URLs sunonsunday.co.uk, thesunonsunday.co.uk and thesunonsunday.com were registered on 5 July 2011 by News International Newspapers Limited.[112] A similar URL sunonsunday.com is not affiliated, having been registered in Italy on 24 September 2007.
On 18 July 2011, the LulzSecurity group hacked The Sun's website, where they posted a fake news story of Rupert Murdoch's death before redirecting the website to their Twitter page. The group also targeted the website of The Times.[113]
A reporter working for The Sun was arrested and taken to a south-west London police station on 4 November 2011. The man was the sixth person to be arrested in the UK under the News International related legal probe, Operation Elveden.[114] In January 2012, two current and two former employees were arrested. As of 18 January 2013, 22 Sun journalists had been arrested, including their crime reporter Anthony France.
On 28 January 2012, police arrested four current and former staff members of The Sun,[115] as part of a probe in which journalists paid police officers for information; a police officer was also arrested in the probe. The Sun staffers arrested were crime editor Mike Sullivan, head of news Chris Pharo, former deputy editor Fergus Shanahan, and former managing editor Graham Dudman, who since became a columnist and media writer. All five arrested were held on suspicion of corruption. Police also searched the offices of News International, the publishers of The Sun, as part of a continuing investigation into the News of the World scandal.[116][117]
On 11 February 2012, five senior journalists at The Sun were arrested, including the deputy editor, as part of Operation Elveden (the investigation into payments to UK public servants).[118]
Coinciding with a visit to The Sun newsroom on 17 February 2012, Murdoch announced via an email that the arrested journalists, who had been suspended, would return to work as nothing had been proved against them.[5] He also told staff in the email that The Sun on Sunday would be launched "very shortly";[5] it was launched on 26 February 2012.[119]
On 27 February 2012, the day after the debut of The Sun on Sunday, Deputy Assistant Commissioner Sue Akers told the Leveson Inquiry that police were investigating a "network of corrupt officials" as part of their inquiries into phone hacking and police corruption. She said evidence suggested a "culture of illegal payments" at The Sun authorised at a senior level.[120]
- Sydney Jacobson (1964–65, previously editor of the Daily Herald before the name change)
- Dick Dinsdale (1965–69)
- Larry Lamb (1969–72)
- Bernard Shrimsley (1972–75; Lamb was "editorial director", supervising both the Sun and News of the World)
- Larry Lamb (1975–80; Lamb took an enforced six-month sabbatical before being sacked by Murdoch)
- Kelvin MacKenzie (1981–94)
- Stuart Higgins (1994–98)
- David Yelland (1998–2003)
- Rebekah Wade (2003–09)
- Dominic Mohan (2009–2013)
- David Dinsmore (2013– )[1]
Other versions[edit]
The Scottish Sun[edit]
There is also a Scottish edition of The Sun launched in 1987, known as The Scottish Sun. Based in Glasgow, the paper sells for 40p. It duplicates much of the content of the England and Wales edition but with alternative coverage of Scottish news and sport. The launch editor was Jack Irvine who had been recruited from The Daily Record. Irvine went on to become Managing Director of News International Scotland before launching his own communications company, Media House International, in 1991
In the early 1990s, the Scottish edition declared support for the pro-independence Scottish National Party. At the time the paper elsewhere continued to support the Conservatives, who were then becoming an increasingly marginalised force in Scotland. This stance, however, became somewhat problematic following The Sun's adoption of support for Labour elsewhere in Britain, given that the SNP were seen as Labour's main challengers and fiercest rivals in Scotland. The Scottish edition was forced to employ some convoluted logic to justify its eventual withdrawal of support for the SNP in favour of pro-union Labour.
However, the Scottish Sun had performed a major U-turn by the time of the 2007 Scottish election, in which its front page featured a hangman's noose in the shape of an SNP logo, stating "Vote SNP today and you put Scotland's head in the noose". The Scottish Sun has now voiced its support for the SNP in the 2011 election.[121]
As of May 2010, daily circulation is approximately 340,000.[122]
On 19 April 2011, the Scottish Sun once again came out in support for the SNP at the 2011 Holyrood elections, stating "Play it again, Salm ... He is ambitious for this country and has the drive, the personality and the policies to lead us through these troubled times," in reference to SNP leader Alex Salmond's pitch for a second term of office.[citation needed]
On 1 April 2013, it was reported that the Scottish Sun would be taking a neutral stance on the upcoming referendum on Scottish independence.[123] However, officials from the paper later clarified and said that it was too early to choose a stance, and that one would be chosen "nearer the time".[124]
The Irish Sun[edit]
There is also an Irish edition, based in Dublin with a regional edition for Northern Ireland, known as the Irish Sun. It shares some content – namely glamour and showbiz – with the British edition, but has mainly Irish news and editorial content, as well as sport and advertising. It often views stories in a very different light to those being reported in the British editions. One notable example is how the release of the film The Wind That Shakes the Barley was covered, with the British editions describing it as "designed to drag the reputation of our nation through the mud" and "the most pro-IRA ever",[125] whereas the Irish edition praised the film describing it as giving "the Brits a tanning".[126] In 2013, it became the first edition of The Sun to stop using topless models on Page 3.[127] It uses a slightly bigger sheet size than the British version, and costs €1.
The Irish Sun, unlike its sister papers in Great Britain, did not have a designated website until late 2012. This may in part be due to the existence of another news site with the name Irish Sun, which has been in operation since mid-2004.[128]
See also[edit]
- CTB v News Group Newspapers
- Dear Deidre
- Jon Gaunt
- Polski Sun - six issue Polish language version published in June 2008[129] during the Euro 2008 football tournament.
- ^ a b "David Dinsmore replaces Dominic Mohan as Sun editor", BBC News, 21 June 2013
- ^ a b c d e "The Sun - readership data". News Works. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
- ^ "The Times Facts and figures". Newspaper Marketing Agency.
- ^ Boyle, Darren (6 December 2013). "The Daily Mail has overtaken The Sun as Britain's most popular newspaper on a Saturday". Press Gazette. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
- ^ a b c "Rupert Murdoch's email to staff announcing Sun on Sunday launch – full text". The Guardian. 17 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
- ^ Ben Quinn and Lisa O'Carroll, "Rupert Murdoch to supervise next week's birth of Sun on Sunday", The Guardian, Monday 20 February 2012
- ^ Greenslade, Roy (26 February 2012). "Is it Take a Break or Hello? No, it's that new Sun on Sunday". The Guardian.
- ^ "The Sun newspaper is born". BBC News. 15 September 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
- ^ Dennis Griffiths Fleet Street: Five Hundred Years of the Press, London: The British Library, 2006, p.339
- ^ Dominic Sandbrook White Heat: A History of Britain in the Swinging Sixties, London: Little, Brown, 2006, p.57
- ^ a b James Curran and Jean Seaton Power Without Responsibility: the Press, Broadcasting and the Internet in Britain, Abingdon: Routledge, 2010, pp.84-85
- ^ a b Sandbrooik, p.58
- ^ a b The Times, 15 September 1964, pp. 10–11
- ^ a b Bill Grundy "The Press: Of the Sun...", The Spectator, 25 July 1969, p.11
- ^ a b Charles Stokes "Rupert Murdoch aims for The Sun", The Guardian, 27 August 1969 (2013 reprint)
- ^ Greenslade, Ch. 9
- ^ a b c Chippindale, Peter; Horrie, Chris (1999). Stick it up your punter! : the uncut story of the Sun newspaper (Chapter 1). London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780671017828.
- ^ a b c Chippindale, Peter; Horrie, Chris (1999). Stick it up your punter! : the uncut story of the Sun newspaper. London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780671017828.
- ^ a b c Thomas, James (2005). Popular newspapers, the Labour Party and British politics. London New York: Abingdon (UK): Routledge. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9780714653372.
- ^ The Sun, 17 June 1970, cited by Roy Greenslade Press Gang: How Newspapers Make Money From Propaganda, London: Pan Macmillan, 2003 [2004], p.235
- ^ Léon Hunt British Low Culture: From Safari Suits to Sexploitation, London: Routledge, 1998, p.27
- ^ Kevin Williams Read All About It!: A History of the British Newspaper, Abingdon: Routledge, 2010, p.197
- ^ Obituary: Larry Lamb, The Daily Telegraph, 20 May 2000
- ^ a b Bruce Page The Murdoch Archipelago, London: Simon & Schuster, 2003 [2004], p.331
- ^ Greenslade, p.421
- ^ John Thomas Popular Newspapers, the Labour Party and British Politics, London: Routledge, 2005, p.89
- ^ a b c Roy Greenslade "A new Britain, a new kind of newspaper", The Guardian, 25 February 2002
- ^ Richmond, Shane (2008). "How SEO is changing journalism". British Journalism Review 19 (4). Retrieved 29 April 2009.
- ^ Chippindale, Peter; Horrie, Chris (1999). Stick it up your punter! : the uncut story of the Sun newspaper (Chapter 7). London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780671017828.
- ^ Roy Greenslade Press Gang, London: Pan Macmillan, 2003 [2004], p.445
- ^ The Sun, 1 May 1982, cited in Greenslade Press Gang, p.444
- ^ a b c Chippindale & Horrie, p.138
- ^ The Sun, 7 May 1982, cited in Chippindale & Horrie, p.146; Bruce Page The Murdoch Archipelago, London: Pocket Books, 2003, p.334
- ^ Roy Greenslade "A new Britain, a new kind of newspaper", The Guardian, 25 February 2002
- ^ Nick Davies Flat Earth News, London: Chatto & Windus, p.198
- ^ a b "Sun still shines for Blair", BBC News, 8 March 2001;
- ^ "Benn on the couch", The Sun, 1 March 1984
- ^ The Sun "popularized the phrase" according to Ivor Crewe and Anthony King in SDP: the Birth, Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, p.367
- ^ "London: Candidates & Parties", BBC News, 20 May 2008
- ^ James Curran, et al Culture Wars: the Media and the British Left, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Preess, 2005, p.45
- ^ Greg Philo War and Peace News, Open University Press, 1985, p.138.
- ^ The Sun – 16 April 1986.
- ^ "1987: Three on the trot for Thatcher", BBC News Vote 2001. Retrieved on 4 May 2007.
- ^ a b Max Clifford and Angela Levin Max Clifford: Read All About It, London: Random House, 2010, p.123
- ^ Chippindale, Peter; Horrie, Chris (1999). Stick it up your punter!, p.233, The account in this book deviates from the version in the 2012 book co-written by Max Clifford. For example, Vince McCaffrey's first name is given as Tom, while La Salle is Starr's ex-girlfriend.
- ^ Clifford & Lewin, p125; Chippindale & Horrie, p.235
- ^ Starr, Freddie (2001). Unwrapped. UK: Virgin Books. p. 300. ISBN 1-85227-961-3.
- ^ Chippindale & Horrie, p.305-6
- ^ Roy Greenslade Press Gang, p.499, 736, n.93
- ^ Roy Greenslade Press Gang, p.499; Chippindale & Horrie, p.315
- ^ a b Chippindale & Horrie, p.322
- ^ Chippindale & Horrie, p.322; Roy Greenslade Press Gang, p.499, 736, n.96
- ^ Chippindale & Horrie, p.323-24; Greenslade, p.499, 736, n.97
- ^ Simon Watney Policing Desire: Pornography, AIDS, And the Media, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1996, p.144
- ^ Terry Sanderson Mediawatch: The Treatment of Male and Female Homosexuality in the British Media, London: Cassell, 1995, p.179
- ^ a b Morgan, Piers (17 September 2005). "No stereotypes were harmed in the making of this film". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
- ^ Jones, Owen (2 December 2013). "One day 'coming out' won't be a thing - and the reaction to Tom Daley's announcement shows we're getting there". The Independent. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- ^ Peter Beherrell "AIDs and the British Press" in John Eldridge (ed.) Getting the Message: News, Truth, and Power, Routledge, 1993, p.219
- ^ Julian Petley "Positive and Negative Images" in James Curran (et al, eds) Culture Wars: The Media and the British Left, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003, p.160
- ^ a b "Getting the message: news, truth and power". Taylor & Francis (Glasgow Media Group). 1993. pp. 210–249. ISBN 978-0-415-07984-6.[dead link]
- ^ Randall, David (2000). The universal journalist. Pluto Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-7453-1641-3.
- ^ "The Sun Says" (editorial), The Sun, 7 July 2004
- ^ The Sun, 19 April 1989
- ^ a b Brook, Stephen (31 May 2005). "Sun's cup coverage doubles sales in Liverpool". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 19 January 2009.
- ^ Kirkup, James; Matthew Moore (1 October 2009). "Unite leader calls for boycott of The Sun". The Daily Telegraph (UK). Retrieved 15 October 2010. "Many residents of Merseyside still refuse to buy the newspaper"
- ^ Wilmore, James (14 August 2008). "Controversy erupts over Carlsberg promotion". the Publican. thepublican.com. Retrieved 15 October 2010. "Many fans still refuse to buy The Sun because of its highly controversial coverage of the 1989 Hillsborough disaster"[dead link]
- ^ "Alexei Sayle's Liverpool". BBC Two. 24 September 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
- ^ Lupton, Mark (31 January 2005). "No end to the Sun's sorry tale". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 19 January 2009.
- ^ "No apology for Hillsborough story". BBC News. 12 January 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
- ^ "Hillsborough: Kelvin MacKenzie offers 'profuse apologies to the people of Liverpool'". The Daily Telegraph. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
- ^ "Dominic Mohan has offered "profound" apologies". The Daily Telegraph.
- ^ "Maggie is the Tories' Only Hope", The Sun, 29 October 1990, cited in Roy Greenslade Press Gang: How Newspaper's Make Profits From Propanganda, London: Macmillan, p.548, 740, n.59
- ^ "Major By a Mile", "Why We Say It Must Be Major", The Sun, 26 November 1990, p.1, 6, cited by Roy Greenslade Press Gang: How Newspaper's Make Profits From Propanganda, London: Macmillan, p.550, 741, n.78
- ^ The Sun, 17 September 1992
- ^ The Sun – 3 November 1994
- ^ The Sun – July 1993
- ^ The Sun – 1994
- ^ The Sun – February 1994
- ^ The Sun – 14 January 1994
- ^ News International Circulation Reports Archive
- ^ The Sun, 22 January 1997
- ^ The Sun, 15 February 1997
- ^ The Sun, 26 February 1997
- ^ a b From The Sun archive, edition 18 March 1997
- ^ "A Very Special Relationship". BBC Radio 4. 5 February 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
- ^ "Sun accused of Swan Bake 'myth-making' – Press Gazette". Press Gazette. 19 December 2003. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
- ^ "Harry says sorry for Nazi costume", BBC News, 13 January 2005
- ^ Blair secures historic third term BBC News, 6 May 2005
- ^ Perry, John (2005). Page 3, The Complete History Laid Bare. UK: News International. p. 160. ISBN 1-84579-229-7.
- ^ Gibson, Owen (23 September 2003). "Sun on the ropes over 'Bonkers Bruno' story". The Guardian (Guardian News and Media). Retrieved 19 October 2009.
- ^ "The Sun online catches the Jade Goody bug". Holy Moly!. Retrieved 19 January 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "How Extremism Works". Private Eye (No. 1228) (London: Pressdram Ltd). 21 January 2009. p. 4.
- ^ The Sun, 9 December 2010, News Corporation
- ^ "Police dismiss report of Al Qaeda threat to Coronation Street". This is Lancashire. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
- ^ "Coronation Street". The Sun (News Corporation). 28 December 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
- ^ Greenslade, Roy (29 December 2010). "The Sun admits publishing false story". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
- ^ Stephen Brook "Sun sets on Wapping printworks", guardian.co.uk, 25 January 2008
- ^ "News International sells Wapping site for £150m". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ^ "Minute of the meeting with Mr Rupert Murdoch, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, News Corporation". Inquiry into Media Ownership and the News. House of Commons Select Committee on Communications. 17 September 2007. p. 10.[dead link]
- ^ "Which political parties do the newspapers support?" Supanet
- ^ "Harman turns fire on Sun decision". BBC News. 30 September 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ^ Sun apologises for misspelling name of soldier's mother on website The Guardian, 13 November 2009
- ^ Plunkett, John (30 September 2009). "Scottish Sun stops short of backing Tories". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ "Scottish Sun not backing Tories". BBC News. 30 September 2009.
- ^ Murdoch-Wade posse crash Independent's office – that's pretty uncool, isn't it? The Guardian, 22 April 2010
- ^ 'Sun' censored poll that showed support for Lib Dems The Independent, 23 April 2010,
- ^ "Cameron and Clegg: We are united". BBC News. 12 May 2010.
- ^ "Prince Harry: The Sun defies Royal Family to print naked pictures". The Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group Limited). 24 August 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
- ^ "Evidence". Levesoninquiry.org.uk. Retrieved 2013-01-21.
- ^ http://www.levesoninquiry.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Second-Witness-Statement-of-Dominic-Mohan1.pdf
- ^ "The News of the World is sacrificed – how long before we have The Sun on Sunday?". The Daily Telegraph (UK). 7 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ "Sun on Sunday set for launch following NOTW closure". Marketing Week. 8 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ Arthur, Charles; Hannah Godfrey, Ben Quinn (18 July 2011). "Sun website hacked by LulzSec". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
- ^ Mark Hughes "'Sun journalist' arrested over 'payments to police'", The Daily Telegraph, 4 November 2011
- ^ Barrett, David (28 January 2012). "Phone hacking: four Sun journalists arrested". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ "Reuters, via The Blue State Press, UK police arrest Murdoch tabloid staff, raid offices'". Bluestatepress.com. 28 January 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ Kelley, Trista (29 January 2012). ""News Corp. Journalists Arrested as U.K. Bribery Probe Spreads to The Sun", 28 January 2012". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ David Batty (11 February 2012). "Senior Sun journalists arrested in police payments probe | The Guardian". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ "Sun on Sunday to launch next week". BBC News. 19 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
- ^ "Leveson Inquiry: Evidence suggests 'network of corrupt officials'". BBC News. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
- ^ The heat of the Scottish sun The Guardian, 3 May 2007
- ^ ABCs: Scotsman, Herald and Sunday Herald up The Guardian, 11 June 2010
- ^ "SNP leader Alex Salmond faces referendum rethink as sun sets on alliance with Rupert Murdoch's News International". 2 April 2013. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
- ^ "Scottish independence: Sun newspaper says 'far too early' to choose yes or no". 3 April 2013. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
- ^ Hall, Mick (1 June 2006). "Ken Loach hits back at British tabloids". Indymedia Ireland.
- ^ Greenslade, Roy (6 June 2006). "A classic example of newspaper spin". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ Greenslade, Roy (8 August 2013). "The Sun's Irish edition drops topless Page 3 pictures". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ^ "About Irish Sun". ''Irish Sun.com''. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ^ Brook, Stephen (6 June 2008). "The Sun's Polish edition gears up for Euro 2008 debut". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 19 January 2009.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Sun (United Kingdom) |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Sun (United Kingdom). |
- Official website (Mobile)
- On This Day BBC News, 15 September 1964
- "Forty Years of the Sun". BBC News, 14 September 2004
- Facts & Figures: The Sun Newspaper Marketing Agency
- Wapping: legacy of Rupert's revolution The Observer, 15 January 2006


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Style | Waterfall |
Application | Window/Door |
Min. Required Clearance (Inches) | 4.0 |
Minimum Sides Clearance (Inches) | 2.5 |
Min Clearance Inswing Dr (Inches) | 4.0 |
In-Swing Drop Allowance (Inches) | 4.0 |
Assembly Required | Yes |
Warranty | 5-year limited |
Material | Fabric |
Fabric Weight (oz.) | 10.0 |
Retraction Type | None |
Awning Type | Commercial/Residential |
Item Height (Inches) | 44.0 |
Item Width (Inches) | 76.5 |
Item Projection (Inches) | 36.0 |
Fixed / Retractable | Fixed |
Water Resistant | Yes |
Color Family | Gray/Silver |
Cover/Frame Type | Structural aluminum/Powder-coated steel |
Package Contents | Frame, cover, assembly hardware, installation brackets |
Series | Savannah |
Arm Style | None |
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text: Romantic. That's it.This track starts with strings, siyths and choirs. A soft line of drum and percussions fills in and enriches the sound. The way is prepared for the catchy theme played by piano and soprano voice. Although this track can be used for various purposes, it is perfect for a goodbye scene. Enjoy and rate it!.


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World news about "Alexandria" published by euronews.
In Egypt, there have been further violent clashes across the country ahead of a constitutional referendum. At least one person was reported dead in Egypt's… 10/01/2014
At least seven people have been killed in Egypt's second city of Alexandria, after clashes broke out between supporters and opponents of ousted Islamist… 27/07/2013
Violent confrontations in Alexandria have left two Egyptians and one American dead. The 21-year-old US citizen's identity has been confirmed as student Andrew… 29/06/2013
It started as a row between two young men in Egypt's second city of Alexandria. It then became a family feud and finally mushroomed into clashes between… 18/05/2013
At least 25 people were killed in Egypt on Wednesday when an apartment block collapsed in Alexandria, Egyptian media reported. There are at least 10… 16/01/2013
The Islamist's nationwide rally in support of their president ran into stiff opposition in Alexandria, Egypt's second city. Here thousands of pro and… 01/12/2012
Opponents of Egyptian president Mohamed Mursi have demonstrated in central Cairo against the country's recently-elected Islamist leader. An estimated 2,000… 25/08/2012
This video appears to show an unarmed man being shot dead by a policeman in the streets of Alexandria in Egypt. 06/02/2011
Thousands of protesters have taken to the streets of Egypt's second city, Alexandria. At least one million are reported to have gathered in the centre of the… 04/02/2011
While Cairo is hotting up it is ice cool in Alex, Egypt's second city. Demonstrations there are continuing in a peaceful atmosphere, and it appears a very… 03/02/2011
In Alexandria the body of Noor Ali Noor, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood shot dead on Saturday, was carried through the streets. He is one of hundreds… 31/01/2011
Alexandria was one of the ancient world's most famous cities and home to one of its wonders. Founded in the fourth century BC by Alexander the Great, it… 07/01/2010


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Pixel »
365 Days of Self Portraits: Days 107-113
In an effort to gain self confidence and deal with body image issues still remaining after my weight loss, I decided to take part in a 365 project focusing on self portraits. My hopes
Read More »So Nice to See You Again!
It felt like ages since I've seen Bailey's eyes, or Pixel's little legs. A trip to the groomer was definitely in order. I love it so much when they come home all tidied up
Read More »Pinterest Crafts: Old Suitcase Turned Dog Bed!
A while back I saw something a friend posted on Pinterest that I really liked, so I repinned so that I would remember to make it at some point. What a cool idea! Using
Read More »The Most Ridonkulously Cuddly Dog Ever
Yes, Ridonkulously is a word, really… would I lie to you? I'm still completely and utterly addicted to Intagram (where you can find me under the name Canadutch, or just look here on Statigram)
Read More »Princess Pixel on a Rainy Day
Anyone who knows us knows that Pixel has us wrapped around her little finger. Bailey does as well, we are their bitches really. We do try to Cesar Milan their asses whenever possible but
Read More »A Dog's Life
Today I went into the bedroom to make the bed and as usual Bailey jumped up on it and made himself comfortable, and it wasn't long before Pixel was hopping to get up there
Read More »Hello Sunshine!
I have never in my life seen an animal that loves the sun as much as Pixel. You would think that the cat would be the sun worshipper in the house but you'd be
Read More »Adventures at the Dog Park: Jack & Russell
We are still taking Pixel and Bailey to the dog park pretty regularly. Pixel is never a problem but we continue to be somewhat anxious when it comes to Bailey and his aggressive attitude
Read More »Hallerbos: Belgium's Forest of Bluebells
A few months ago a friend of mine told me about a spot in Belgium that she thought I'd like, called Hallerbos. It's a forest just outside Belgium that, for a few weeks
Read More »Pixel's Pitiful Attempts at a Howl
The other day I heard sirens coming in the distance. I quickly grabbed my camera and got it ready to record Bailey and his howling, just because I think it's funny. I was wondering
Read More »Bailey! Quit Being a Jackass!
That's me about 100 times a day at the dog park. Oh, give me strength! For the last week or two we have been trying to socialize our dogs by taking them to a
Read More »


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Join the growing movement to build a "kid-safe" food system from field to fork. Take the pledge »
Help protect bees from harmful pesticides! Download the toolkit with simple tips & actions here »
PAN's bi-weekly blog round-up is delivered right to your inbox. Sign up »
Before USDA's decision is final, tell the agency that Dow's 2,4-D-resistant crops are a really bad idea. Take action »
From coast to coast, people are standing up to Monsanto and the rest of the "Big 6." Your support keeps this important work going. Donate today »
Californians overwhelmingly support labeling genetically engineered food. Let's make it happen! Urge your State Senator to support SB 1381. Take action »
Join rural Minnesotans in urging McDonald's to keep its promise to grow safe potatoes that don't put their families in harm's way. Take Action »
Join us in calling on Congress to keep the controversial Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement off the fast track. TPP details should be open to public review and debate. Speak up »
Chlorpyrifos can harm the development and functioning of a child's brain, yet kids are exposed every day through food, water and air. Take action »
The smell of earth is the first thing I always notice when I return to the Midwest. I grew up among the lakes and prairies of this region, and though I am intrigued by the salty, tangy smell of the sea that comes in with the fog where I now live, it's the smell of soil that grounds me, and brings me home.
Traveling to Oklahoma and through Kansas, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota this week, I have been honored to deliver 6,101 thank you notes from the PAN community, expressing sincere appreciation to farmers for their innovation and hard work to grow good food that nourishes us, while also stewarding the earth and keeping that soil alive.
The pesticide industry's latest "we're on your side" PR campaign is in high gear this summer — on the web, in ads, lobbying. Their cross-country road show features people dressed as rats, West Nile-spreading mosquitoes, Lyme disease-carrying ticks and community-destroying weeds that, were it not for pesticides, threaten to overrun our homes, schools and Little League fields.
"I've heard that we don't need to use pesticides, is that true?" False, says the "Facts" page on the Debug the Myths website. Herbicides, for example, are essential to fight allergies and asthma, cracks in roads and sidewalks, and prevent overgrown bus stops. And they're serious. These alarms are delivered by RISE (Responsible Industry for a Sound Environment), they're attracting attention and they're blocking legislation.
Summer's here, and it's been 6 months since cancer-causing methyl iodide was approved for use in California agriculture. It's only been in the past few weeks, however, that we've actually seen this incredibly dangerous chemical used in the fields of California.
Late last month, a farm in Sanger became the first in California to use the fumigant pesticide. Neighboring communities responded with a rally and demonstration outside the Fresno County Agriculture Commissioner's office, demanding public health protections based on sound science, not corporate influence. "Today's message to all California regulators is clear: Do your job, protect public health and support farmers' transition away from toxic pesticides" said Sarah Sharpe, environmental health director of Fresno Metro Ministry.
It's been more than a few years now, but I remember the roller coaster ride of pregnancy like it was yesterday. Nine months of bouncing from giddy excitement to mind-bending worry, pure joy to frantic nesting. Powerful emotions are amplified by equally powerful hormones, working overtime.
As scientists report yet again this week, those churning hormones also make exposure to pesticides during pregnancy especially dangerous. Birth defects, autism, lower IQ, reduced birth weight, infertility — the risk of these life-changing impacts is higher for infants conceived during spray season or carrying pesticides in their cordblood. Yikes.
Last week we alerted readers to behind-the-scenes lobbying in Congress that would strip pesticide protections from our nation's stongest environmental laws. On Tuesday, June 21st, the Senate Agriculture Committee quietly approved legislation to exempt pesticide applications from permitting requirements under the Clean Water Act — with no notice, and no press.
The bill, Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2011 (H.R. 872) would reverse a 2009 court order requiring the permits as a part of the National Pollutant Discharge System (NPDES). Instead, pesticides would remain subject only to the much weaker statute under which most pesticides are regulated, the Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). H.R. 872 has already passed in the House of Representatives.


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ISTANBUL, April 1 (Reuters) - The Turkish lira was steady and bond yields were broadly flat on Monday as investors shrugged off data showing the economy grew less than expected in the fourth quarter.
Turkey's gross domestic product (GDP) grew 1.4 percent year-on-year in the last three months of 2012, well below a Reuters poll forecast of 2.3 percent growth, official data showed on Monday.
Last year as a whole, GDP expanded 2.2 percent, compared with a poll forecast of 2.6 percent.
The market is also eying a Treasury auction on Monday of a reissue of a 7-year floating rate note.
By 0712 GMT the lira was at 1.8128 against the dollar , unchanged from 1.8125 before the GDP data and from 1.8096 late on Friday. Against its euro-dollar basket , it eased to 2.0667 from Friday's 2.0643.
The benchmark two-year bond yield was at 6.37 percent, compared with 6.36 percent on Friday.
'We don't expect a major market impact because the lower-than-expected fourth-quarter growth data is referring to a past performance,' said Ali Cakiroglu, senior investment strategist at HSBC Asset Management, in a note.
Istanbul's main share index fell 0.06 percent to 85,842.08 points, outperforming a 0.25 percent fall in the global emerging markets index.
(Writing by Seda Sezer; Editing by Nick Tattersall) Keywords: MARKETS TURKEY/
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The copying, republication or redistribution of Reuters News Content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Thomson Reuters.


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Canine intestinal worms:
What every dog owner should know about dog worms.
What every dog owner should know about dog worms.
A recent (November 2007) study by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported that:
- almost 14% of the U.S. population (more than previously understood) is infected with Toxocara (also known as roundworm), an internal parasite that can be passed from animals to people.
- children are more likely to be infected canine intestinal worms.
- dog ownership is associated with dog worm infection.
FREE Safe-Guard® Your Choice Printable Coupon!
Save up to $5 off your purchases of Safe-Guard® Canine and Equine products.
Virtually all puppies have worms. Find out how to protect your puppy from worm infection. More about worms in puppies |
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Help your clients get their new puppies off to a healthy start by educating them about canine intestinal worms. More about deworming dogs |
Could canine intestinal worms jeopardize your hunting dog's health and performance? More about canine parasites>> |


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Bed & Full Irish Breakfast
This room rate includes "One of the best breakfast's in Ireland" - according to The Guardian Newspaper.
Enjoy freshly squeezed orange juice, home made fresh fruit salad & poached pears. Choose from a full Irish breakfast or fresh fish of the day cooked to order. -
3 Night Getaway by the Sea
Relax & Enjoy 3 nights accommodation, Dinner on two nights ( 3 course Table D'hote Menu) and delicious leisurely breakfast all three.
Just now 2 hours from Dublin or 4 from Northern Ireland.
Enjoy long walks by the Sea on miles of Sandy Beach in Youghal. Cliff walks at Ballycotton or Ardmore. Discover delightful towns Lismore, Cappoquin, Kinsale and Cobh. Or just chill by the Fire at Ahernes! Ahernes is at the heart of Youghal which is a very interesting walled historic town. Enjoy a Family welcome, the freshest of locally landed fish and shellfish arriving every day. We also cater to non- fish lovers & vegetarians. -
Ahernes Tasting Menu - 2 night break
Chef David FitzGibbon has designed a tasting menu bringing together the sense of tradition and history that is so inportant in Aherne's with the freshest of local produce including the finest fish from the day's catch in Youghal harbour, locally reared beef and lamb, seasonal vegetables, local artisan produce.
2 nights bed & breakfast including the delicious 8 course tasting menu on one night from €165pps. All offers are subject to availability.
AHERNES Tasting Menu
Mussels in Garlic Butter with Guinness
Castletownbere Scallop with Avocado & Chilli Dressing
Prosecco Il CartigianoGrilled Fillet of Hake (Kevin Murphy) with Provencal Sauce
Sauvignon Blanc (Bordeaux)(Noemie Vernaux) 2009Parmesan & Roast Vegetable Risotto
Pinot Grigio (Italy) 2010Organic Green Salad
Surf & Turf (Chargrilled Fillet Steak & Helvic Head Prawns)
Sangiovese (Italy) 2010Farmhouse Cheese
Warre's 2001 Late Bottled Vintage PortSelection of Homemade Ice Creams
Espresso or Mint Infusion
From €165 per person to include 2nights accommodation
- The Simpsons had a very special time at your place, thanks for making us feel at home. The log fire in the residents' sitting room added much charm to our stay.
- A wonderfull stay with cosy fire on a wet and windy day. Management and staff could not have done more to make us welcome. Marjorie and Joe
- We had a lovely time very relaxing. Fire lovely to come down to in the morning felt like our own counrty home. Food outstanding fish for both of us every night unheard of. Thank you again


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American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Mar. 14, 2006 U.S. soldiers detained 16 terrorists and found two weapons caches in several operations throughout Iraq yesterday, and terrorists targeted a mosque in Baghdad in a rocket attack the same day, military officials in Iraq reported.
(Compiled from Multinational Force Iraq news releases.)
U.S. Soldiers Qualify for German Marksmanship Badge on Kandahar Airfield


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Vegetarians have lower instances of depression, according to a new study in Nutrition Journal. Researchers looked at 60 vegetarians and 78 meat-eaters in the southwestern United States and found that vegetarians scored significantly better on standardized mood tests. The mood tests measured depression, anxiety, and stress and were compared to food frequency questionnaires. The vegetarians consumed less eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid—all animal sources of omega-6 fatty acids—but reported higher mean intakes of plant sources of omega-6 and omega-3.
Beezhold BL, Johnston CS, Daigle DR. Vegetarian diets are associated with healthy mood states: a cross-sectional study in Seventh Day Adventist adults. Nutr J. 2010;9:26.
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Manado, Indonesia Vacations - Travel guide to Manado, Indonesia accommodations and vacation packages. Visit Manado, Indonesia for getaways and adventure travel. Plan your Manado, Indonesia vacation today.
Page:1 of 1 | Sort By: |
Manado, Indonesia Hotels & Resorts - An exclusive island in the heart of the Bunaken National Marine Park, Indonesia, a global center of marine biodiversity. 16 elegantly furnished villas, salt water pool, PADI diving center, fine dining restaurant, traditional Spa, gift shop.
Manado, Indonesia Scuba & Snorkeling - Froggies Divers is a small Diving Resort and eco-friendly PADI operation on Bunaken Island near Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Bitung, Indonesia Scuba & Snorkeling - Freshly opened cosy resort on Lembeh Island /North Sulawesi. Customized diving, Nitrox, Air-condition Room. Special offer Soft Opening Promotion : When book 3 dives daily (3 x US$30) full board accommodation for free!
Manado, Indonesia Bed & Breakfasts - This villa can sleep 6 as there are 2 double beds in room and 1 double bed in a room. For your use there is a complete kitchen for self-catering as well as a shower.Guests can relax or barbeque at the patio that is furnished with chairs and a table.
Manado, Indonesia Scuba & Snorkeling - If the thrill of discovery is your desire, Our Dive Team will guide you diving or snorkeling through schools of fish over vividly colorful unspoiled coral gardens in less than a 5-minute boat ride from Bastianos Resort.
Manado, Indonesia Scuba & Snorkeling - A Cozy and relaxing resort located on the west coast of Lembeh Island with outstanding and unique u/w life for Muck Diving only 10 minutes away from most of the best dive sites at Lembeh Strait. Combination of friendly and professional staff
Manado, Indonesia Hotels & Resorts - The Hotel Sedona Manado is located 30 minutes from the city and 30 minutes boat ride from breathtaking diving sites off the Bunaken and Siladen Islands.
Manado, Indonesia Hotels & Resorts - Novotel Manado Golf Resort and Convention Centre is located 15 minutes from the airport and is part of Grand Kawanua International City, the largest convention
Manado, Indonesia Hotels & Resorts - Guests staying here will definitely enjoy this beautiful hotel in the very heart of Manado that combines exceptional services and attention to detail to
Manado, Indonesia Hotels & Resorts - The Hotel Offers a Wide Range of Facilities Assuring a Comfortable Stay To Its Guests. It is Ready To Serve Its Guests With Its 10 Fully-Equipped Banquet


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The Purple Gang was to Detroit what Al Capone and his gang were to Chicago. One characteristic of this group that made it quite unique was that it was the only Jewish crime organization to completely control the criminal underworld of a major American city. From the late 1920s until their demise in the early 1930s their members were the leaders of the city's underworld. While other American Jewish gangsters worked within cross-ethnic alliances, the Purple Gang dominated Detroit entirely on its own.
The next Encore Film, The Purple Gang will be shown on the big screen in the beautiful theater, The Berman Center for the Performing Arts on Tuesday, February 12th at 7:30 pm. Special guest speaker will include writer, producer and director, H.G. Manos.
The Purple Gang Film with Writer and Producer H.G. Manos
West Bloomfield
See map
+ Leave a Comment
February 12, 2013 at 05:52 PM
Sorry i cant attend. I like hearing about the Purple Gang history. My Great Aunt was married to one of the members i remember my mother telling me some family history about the gang.
Karena Kaminski
February 12, 2013 at 09:28 PM
Wish I could attend,also. My late Dad was born in 1915 & earned extra money for his family by unloading the boats of booze from Windsor & "running errands" between the blind pigs. He told me that he began working for them when he was about 11 or 12 as did a lot of young boys....times were hard in the city & as he put it " I couldn't stand in another soup & bread handout line". He always said the "Purple Jews " kept him & my Grandma from starving until his Dad got to America & got a job.
Copyright ©2014 Planck LLC d/b/a Patch Media. All rights reserved.


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Comment: Collector's Value? (Score 1) 208
Suppose Bitcoin went the way of Napster. This would mean the currency might become worth less and less. People would, over time, abandon wallets and there would simply be fewer known Bitcoins to be found. Many will have simply been irrevocably deleted. At some point, wouldn't this scarcity prevent the value from dropping further?
Years from now, we'll likely be using some form of crypto/digital currency. Bitcoin will at least be an interesting historical note. Suppose my grandson steps forth with a digital wallet containing some bitcoin. Wouldn't that be worth something simply because it is rare and of historical interest?


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Artisan At Brightleaf - Apartment Rentals in Durham, NC
Artisan At Brightleaf Apartments Description
Welcome to Artisan at Brightleaf. A sub"urban" lodge development of one and two bedroom homes, Artisan features an array of community and in-home amenities second to none in the region. Located in the prestigious Brightleaf at the Park in the Research Triangle Park (RTP). Convenient and fulfilling to area shopping, dining and entertainment venues. Please call for an appointment today.
Pet Policy
Cats and Dogs are allowed. Maximum number of pet(s): 2. Restrictions or other terms: No Aggressive Breeds.
- Pool
- Fitness Center
- Business Center
- Courtyard
- Billiards Room
- Tanning Facilities Available
Artisan At Brightleaf
2015 Copper Leaf Parkway
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Apartment Rentals Near Durham, NC
- Meriwether Place 4001 Meriwether Drive Durham, NC 27704 Phone Number: (919) 241-8623
- Clairmont at Hillandale 2901 Bertland Ave Durham, NC 27705 Phone Number: (919) 267-3038
- North Pointe Commons 2335 Broad St Durham, NC 27704 Phone Number: (919) 344-0983
- Bridges At Southpoint 7304 Calibre Park Dr Durham, NC 27707 Phone Number: (855) 576-2254


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Thursday, July 15, 2004
© Copyright 2014
Clayton News Daily
By Doug Gorman
When Eid M. Koja, Master Instructor of the Tae-Kwon Do school in Fayetteville, speaks about the accomplishments of his students, there's pride in his voice. With good reason. Koja's students have turned into well-round citizens through their participation in the martial art, which is now an Olympic sport. They are also earning plenty of honors competing in their sport. "We have awesome children here," he said. "They believe in what they are doing, they have respects for others and they help others whenever they can. They have also follow whatever religion they believe in." Many of Koja's students have turned into champions in their sport. At the recent Junior Olympic Tae Kwon Do Championships at the Georgia Dome, eight of his students brought home 10 medals in forms and d sparring. Savannah Jordan (gold in sparring), Aladdin Koja (bronze in forms, silver in sparring), Chris Martin (silver in forms, silver in sparring), Lontrell Anderson (silver in sparring), Matt Martin (silver in sparring), Charis Boveland (silver in sparring), Ronald Purifoy (bronze in sparring), Christian Martins (silver in bronze) were the school's award winners. The medal winners will advance to the Atlantic Games at Tropicana Field in Tampa on Sept 11, Members of the team enjoy looking participating in the sport. "It takes a lot of endurance and hard work," said Matt Martin. The rest of the medal winners seem to be on the same page when it comes to talking about the love they have for the sport, including the value of learning self-defense and discipline. "We are not a day care center, but if students come here and work hard there are plenty of opportunities. Some colleges even give scholarships," Koja said.More like this story
- Local academy builds dreams ( July 16, 2003 )
- Tiger martial arts students excel ( June 22, 2005 )
- Sisters thrive inside local gym ( July 17, 2003 )
- Tiger Martial Arts returns from Junior Olympics ( July 13, 2012 )
- Tiger Martial Arts students bring home medal ( July 16, 2010 )


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Rowdy's Dream Blog #139: I am riding in the bow of a large canoe.I am riding in the bow of a large canoe with some friends. We are rushing down a river that flows down the street of my childhood home. I explain to them that my canoe is just like this one, but not as flexible. Somehow I get ahead of the crew and am alone in the boat. A rich lady from the neighborhood is chasing after me and fuming about our trespassing or something. This turns me belligerent. I whirl the canoe around and start paddling back up the hill to rejoin my friends, the lady still fussing and fuming behind me. I find a large jar of ice tea on the deck and take a big drink. It's pretty good but the rim of the jar stinks. Public Comments (1)
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Tag Day 2014
Caitlyn Carlson, director of the Binghamton Fund, adds tags to works of art in the University Art Museum for Binghamton University's first Tag Day. The day was designed to engage and educate students, faculty and staff about the importance of giving back.
Photo by Jonathan Cohen
News Briefs
Friends welcome to group fitness classes beginning Saturday| February 28, 2014
UCTD upcoming March workshops| February 28, 2014
Employee Assistance Program/Eating Awareness Committee talk| February 28, 2014
Professional vacancy in Communications and Marketing| February 27, 2014
End of Support for Windows XP SP3 and Office 2003| February 27, 2014
Because of this, Information Technology Services (ITS) strongly recommends that departments (or individuals) take the following steps for University-owned machines:
• Identify systems running Windows XP or Microsoft Office 2003.
• Contact the ITS Help Desk and request a price quote.
• Replace the XP systems by July 31.
• Upgrade Office 2003 to Office 2010 any time at no charge.
ITS will work with departments over the coming year and make recommendations on how to proceed.
For more information about Windows XP and Office 2003 end of support, visit the website or contact the ITS Help Desk at 607-777-6420 or via e-mail and a desktop support analyst will contact you.
Graduate Application for Degree (GAFD) for spring 2014 graduates now available| February 26, 2014
Care Management Summit 2014: Achieving Excellence| February 26, 2014
Conveniently located and affordable, this is the first conference of its kind in central New York State. Focusing on the specialties of care and case management, the summit promises to be a great event for those interested in best practices in a growing field as well as a transdisciplinary opportunity to engage in valuable discussions and to build your network. The summit is designed to provide the concepts, networking opportunities and up-to-date information needed to practice care and case management in today's dynamic, evolving environment.
For more information, and to register, go online.
Triathlon training swim class offered at the Recreation Center| February 26, 2014
Certified Executive Chef joins Sodexo as residential dining executive chef| February 26, 2014
Reserve Chenango-Champlain Collegiate Center (C4) Multipurpose Room online| February 26, 2014
Student Affairs makes several staff changes| February 25, 2014
Elizabeth Carter has been promoted to assistant vice president for student development. She will continue to oversee a wide variety of student support service areas, with direct oversight of the International Student and Scholar Services Office, the Career Development Center, the Center for Civic Engagement and Services for Students with Disabilities. Carter will also continue to serve as the Interim Director of Career Services until June 2014.
Marty Wygmans is now serving as the executive director of student services, reporting directly to Carter. In her new role, she will supervise New Student Programs, Transfer Student Services, Discovery and Leadership Programs in addition to continuing to oversee various TRIO programs.
David Husch has moved from his position as director of Off-Campus Programs within the Dean of Students Office to assume a new role within Auxiliary Services as University director of transportation. In his former capacity, he served as the administrative liaison to OCCT. He will continue with responsibility for that relationship, while adding responsibility for the University's contract with Broome County Transit and the Hertz 24/7 Program. Husch will also chair a revitalized University Transportation Committee.
Milton Chester has assumed new duties within the Dean of Students Office and will now serve as the assistant dean for Off Campus Programs, focusing on developing stronger partnerships and mutually beneficial relationships with surrounding communities to promote more community-student dialogue and involvement. Chester will represent the University on various community boards and be at the forefront of town-gown matters that impact students.
Pam Misener has joined the Division of Student Affairs as community schools coordinator. She holds a master's of education with a specialization in social justice education, and comes to Binghamton from an administrative position at Dartmouth College.
For more information on the changes, go online.
Nominations sought for Provost's Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Research Mentoring| February 25, 2014
For more information, go online. Contact Don Loewen at 777-2142 or via e-mail with questions.
Call for abstracts: Student Research Poster Session at Innovation Day| February 25, 2014
This is a call for abstracts for the Student Research Poster Session. This session will include posters from across campus to be displayed during the student poster session. Posters should illustrate results from research on Big Data and analytics, and enabling technologies from disciplines such as engineering, management, biological sciences, chemistry, physics, finance and marketing.
Deadline for submission of poster abstracts is March 21, 2014.
For more information, contact Brenda Gates.
Writing by Degrees 2014| February 25, 2014
Go online for more information.
Volunteer automobile survey for student research| February 25, 2014