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Summary: It demonstrates how to collect items for a professional Early Childhood Education portfolio and how to create/compile them in a professional manner in a binder for presentation upon graduation to obtain employment. As portfolios are sometimes started in Intro to ECE and compiled throughout the program, or introduced in a Curriculum course, or in a Student Teaching or capstone course, there are several points of entry for this supplement. Wiltz instructs the student ...show more what items to collect for the portfolio, how to compile/construct/label it, and then how to talk about it/present it. ...show less
Edition/Copyright: 2ND 09Filter by: All (18) | Very Good (2) | Good (14) | Acceptable (2)
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Full review
Nikon has opted for quality over quantity here, pinning the P7100's resolution at a conservative 10.1 megapixels. Don't let that put you off. Pure pixel counts are rarely the defining factor when it comes to judging a camera -- a fact proved by this chunky, accomplished snapper.
With versatile controls, a sharp lens and a keen price -- you can pick one up for £379 -- it's a winner on every front.
A serious upgrade
The P7100 positively bristles with buttons and dials. Indeed, it's so well endowed in this respect that trips to the menus are comparatively rare. It has the best implementation of exposure compensation we've seen, and a wider than normal range, too. A dial beside the shutter release runs the full gamut of +/-3.0EV (exposure value) in 1/3EV steps, with the effect updated in real-time on the LCD.
At the other end of the body there's a similar dial for accessing the most common shooting options, including quality, ISO and white balance. Each takes you directly to the relevant on-screen control, so you don't need to trawl the menus to find them, while a small button in the centre of the selector quickly steps you into and out of the control for on-the-spot adjustments.
There's a wheel on the front to adjust aperture, and another on the back for shutter speed, which together make the P7100's full manual mode one of the easiest -- and quickest -- you could ever hope to use. If you're looking to step up from a bog-standard compact, these two wheels on their own make the P7100 one of the best choices you can make. Our only criticism of its handling is that the effect of tweaking the aperture isn't displayed in real time on the 3-inch LCD. The only way you'll see how it affects the depth of field is to half-press the shutter to set the focal point.
The LCD itself is articulated, tilting up and down through 180 degrees, so you can hold it above a crowd or down by your feet and still see what's coming through the lens. This is a boon for more creative photographers, and makes up for the woeful optical viewfinder. We won't criticise Nikon for putting to good use what would otherwise have been dead space below the flash hotshoe, but we can't see many users choosing to frame their shots this way. The view is small, suffers from considerable barreling and manages to split the incoming light so that some sharp edges are fringed and unsharp.
The P7100 bears more than a passing similarity to the year-old P7000. They share a common native resolution, a 7.1x zoom equivalent to 28 to 200mm in a 35mm camera, and an aperture range that sets out at f/2.8 wide angle and f/5.6 in full telephoto. The P7000, though, was missing the articulated screen, and ran a slower underlying system overall. So, while the P7100 may look -- on paper at least -- like a fairly conservative upgrade, ambitious photographers should find it more responsive in daily use.
Super-smooth stills
Speed and controls count for nothing if a camera can't shoot good photos. Fortunately that's not something Nikon needs to worry about here. The P7100 holds its own against the very best, with perfectly focused light, bright colours and good crisp edges.
It may only have 10 megapixels under its belt, but it puts them to great use. The skin in the portrait shot below is smooth and accurate, with gentle gradations between areas of very similar tone, and a great level of detail retained in the eyebrows and eyelashes.
Looking closer, there's also significant detail captured in the reflection in the eye, and slight fall-off in the focus either side of the sweet spot on those parts of the image both further from and closer to the lens. This draws the eye back towards the subject thanks to the bright f/3.2 aperture.
Skin tones were very well handled in general, making this camera a great choice for anyone who wants to do mid-range portrait work without stepping up to a dSLR.
Neither could we fault the P7100 on the detail front. Throughout our tests it maintained a consistently high level of performance, rendering fine subject matter with great clarity. When set to macro, it had no trouble getting a steady -- and very quick -- fix on the seed heads below, despite their highly irregular lighting and the bolder background colours that might otherwise have distracted the autofocus system.
Minimum focusing distance in macro mode is just 1cm, which makes it easy to isolate your subject and throw its surroundings out of focus.
It wasn't just in macro mode that it captured such high levels of detail, though. Most of our shooting was conducted at less close quarters, using a mixture of the full auto and aperture priority modes. The results showed remarkably consistent levels of detail at all levels of zoom, and accurately focused tones across the full colour spectrum.
Further, as it has a lower-than-average number of pixels mounted on its sensor, the P7100 produces clean and fairly noise-free images (lacking the variation in brightness caused by the camera's sensor or circuits) as you start to climb up to mid-range sensitivities around ISO 400. The full ISO scale runs from 100 to 3,200 in regular use, but can be pushed to ISO 12,800 to handle particularly challenging conditions. Fortunately this should rarely be necessary as the slowest shutter speed is a full minute in manual mode.
At the same time, the P7100's colour reproduction demonstrated exceptional range. The below shot of an outdoor clock mounted on a roof demonstrates extremes of shadow and highlight, and a wide colour gamut. The Coolpix takes them all in its stride, accurately exposing the brickwork without burning out the white shuttering on the front of the clock, and capturing the richness of both the sky and the overhanging leaves.
It performed particularly well in outdoor countryside shots in general, making best use of the available light to render rich, bucolic scenes. This performance wasn't confined to the traditional green and blue hues, either. The P7100 performed just as well with the warmer autumnal colours, as seen in this closer shot of sycamore leaves. Here, there are sharp contrasts within the tonal range, with those parts of the seed pod directly facing the sun considerably brighter than the bulbous ends, yet the highlights haven't been clipped.
Accurate handling of tricky lighting such as this became a theme throughout our time with the P7100, which took each new challenge in its stride. Even shooting directly towards the setting sun, as in this picture below, wasn't beyond its abilities. We had been prepared to see some fringing around areas of sharp contrast in this shot, most specifically along the edges of trunks and where fine branches hung down over the sky, but there was none.
Further, by knocking up the exposure in post-production we could see that there was plenty of detail in the shadow areas, enabling us to brighten those parts should we choose, without adversely affecting the highlights.
A movie-making pro
Far from being an afterthought, the P7100's movie mode is a good match for its exemplary stills shooting skills, demonstrating bright colours and smooth pans and zooms.
Its native format is 720 pixels, and it has both wind noise reduction and the option of either continuous autofocus or setting a single focal length at the start of your clip. It then uses this throughout, regardless of any reframing.
The advantage of the latter is that it eliminates any chance of mechanical noise on the soundtrack as the lens won't be constantly adjusting to keep your subject crisp. This is important, as the P7100 very clearly picks up noise from the lens motors on its soundtrack. But picking single focus over continuous autofocus means that, as can be seen from the first of our sample scenes below, subjects can appear out of focus.
Fortunately the P7100 has a microphone input, allowing ambitious videographers to achieve a more professional result. If your budget doesn't stretch to external mics, then you should at least switch on the built-in wind noise reduction, which on the P7100 is one of the most effective implementations we have ever used.
The first two scenes of our test movie were shot on windswept marshland, with wind noise reduction active on only the second shot. The difference it makes is easy to hear.
The P7100 is hard to fault and easy to love. It has all the controls you could want on an ambitious, top-end pocket camera and produces great results. Don't be put off by the comparatively low resolution; 10.1 megapixels is plenty, whether you want to shoot poster-size prints or Web graphics, while the 7.1x zoom will minimise the amount of cropping you'll need to do to reposition distant subjects within the frame.
While the price may be enough to make you sit down and weigh up the pros and cons before splashing out, you can rest assured than the former outweigh the latter by far.


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Sports magazine show hosted by Bryant Gumbel. Explores the hardships some NCAA student-athletes endure after being recruited to play college football, profiles maverick Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones, and explores the world of NIKE.
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PopSci Q&A: Creating Crop Circles With Lasers and Microwaves
Or is the old-fashioned way still the best?
In the collective modern imagination, crop circles are usually attributed to either aliens or a vast human conspiracy; possibly both. Some circle-watchers believe the designs are landing strips, maybe, or some kind of communiqué from outer space. Others argue they're the result of secret government tests, or perhaps secret codes meant to convey information to satellites and aerial drones.
For all the talk about who makes them, few people discuss how. Do people (or little green men) stomp around willy-nilly until the stalks fall down? Or is something decidedly more high-tech going on? We talked to a circlemaker and a materials physicist to get some answers.
It's a fair scientific question, according to Richard Taylor, a professor of physics and art at the University of Oregon. He believes circlemakers, as they're known, are using some advanced technology, from microwaves to GPS, to make their increasingly complicated designs.
"Although it's an odd topic, it actually is quite rigorous science — here's a mystery, here is a potential hypothesis that would solve this," he said. "It's a perfect example of seeing something out there in the real world and using science to explain it. It's just a little bit more exotic."
Roughly 100 circles appear in the UK every summer, according to circlemakers. Taylor has a few ideas about how they're done, which are outlined in an article in the research magazine Physics World. We talked to Taylor about his research and about his new ideas. An edited transcript of our conversation is below.
Click here to see a gallery of fractal-shaped crop circles.
Just to be sure, PopSci asked a UK-based circlemaker to share his techniques. He won't give everything away, but he says microwaves are not involved. (Read more from him at the bottom.)
Richard Taylor on Crop Circles
PopSci: What piqued your interest in crop circles?
Richard Taylor: My research background is with human vision, and how we can develop artificial retinas. As part of those studies, we try to understand how people view natural patterns, so we try and explore how people view artworks.
I grew up in England in the 1980s, when these crop circles were starting to get a lot more intricate in their design. Even at that stage, I began to realize the myth, which was that a few people were stumbling home and sort of fooling around in a field, that was clearly no longer an appropriate description of what was going on. Some of these patterns were incredibly intricate, with thousands of component parts.
The thing that really triggered it for me was that nobody, from the art world or the science world, was exploring how these people were able to produce these intricate patterns overnight. The old myth, that people were stomping on crops, was getting increasingly ridiculous, from my point of view. It seemed to be a great art-science crossover question, of what is going on?
PS: Why should people care about how these are made? Other than to prove or disprove aliens, of course.
RT: These crops, after they are turned into artwork, are harvested. So whatever is going on with those crops, they are getting in to our food supply. So people ought to know about it if there is some interesting technology involved.
Some people think it is aliens, you've got conspiracy theories about the goverment using satellites, and the third is you have human hoaxes. I thought, well let's take the evidence that people are using to say it's aliens or a government conspiracy. Why do they say that? They cite publications from the 1990s, where biophysicists went in and did research on the crops that appeared in the patterns. And they found evidence for microwave radiation.
The UFOlogists said those microwaves must be coming from alien spaceships, and the conspiracy theorists said, the CIA is beaming down these microwaves from their satellites. And I said, hey, there's another explanation here — maybe the artists are using microwaves.
PS: How would microwaves flatten crops?
RT: A typical crop has these sort of joints in the stalks. If you expose those to the microwaves, the stalks expand. It's called superheating. It's a bit like what goes on in your microwave oven — as the stalk heats up, they expand. The stalks fall over in a horizontal position. When you switch it off, switch off the microwave, the stalks stay in that position. It would make more sense to radiate with microwaves than to go physically stomping these crops. And one interesting phenomenon is the stalks are never broken, they're just bent.
It's all a consequence of the development of modern technology. It's only fairly recently that we've been able to have portable magnetrons that can run off a 12-volt battery. Before, you would have to take a generator with you to a crop field.
I'm not saying this is actually what is going on; my article is one explanation. This seems to fit all the facts, and you don't need aliens. Note: See below for a response from a circlemaker.
PS: OK, so say you have a spare field and a magnetron — how would you make a crop circle?
RT: I would go on a computer, go into a design program, and design the pattern prior. Then I would convert those measurements on the screen into GPS coordinates, and then I would go out with my little GPS watch or whatever, and at each point, I would be able to stake out the pattern in the field. If you are using straight lines between points, I would use a laser to figure out a straight line. That's how I would design it.
Then the physical imprinting ... one possibility is to use microwaves to superheat the stalks and cause them to fall down. Before they cool down and anchor into place, that's when you would sculpt your pattern — when they are still flexible, when you could weave the patterns. I'm not saying that's what they are doing, but I am saying that's perhaps what they should be doing.
PS: How many people would it take?
RT: The designs that are coming out now are so beautiful, I think it's not just one lone person working in a field. Even if the technology improves, it will still be a collaboration between a number of people.
PS: Are they getting bigger or more intricate? What's the crop circle trend?
RT: Some of the patterns are quite incredible. Some of them are 115 meters (377 feet) in diameter. If you were physically imprinting it, that's quite a lot of effort. It's not just going and stomping down a line, because within that 115 meters, there might be like 190 little circles of different sizes. And they're beautiful to look at as well.
So this sort of myth that it's a couple people hoaxing — that's certainly the way that it started, but that's not what is going on now.
PS: Has anyone accused you of ruining the mystery, like spoiling a magic trick? Isn't the secrecy of the technique part of the mystique?
RT: My briefest claim to fame is that I analyzed the artworks of Jackson Pollock. Some in the art crowd said 'maybe you shouldn't be using science to explain away art.' But what happened there was, by identifying the types of patterns in Pollock's work, it made his work more wonderful, because it emphasized his talent. We found fractals in his canvases. Previously, people had assumed these were random splatters of nonsense and had no meaning to them, but we identified these natural patterns in there. He had managed to distill the essence of nature on his canvas in a direct way. That was a great example of scientific knowledge added to the value of the artwork, and I'm hoping the same thing will happen here.
If we can identify the tools that these artists are using, it's not going to trivialize it. It's going to demonstrate how talented these artists are.
My motivation, is to say to the world, that these patterns are spectacular, and the people who are making them have talent, and that talent should be celebrated. I think the answers will add to the celebration of these amazing thing.
Response from a Crop Circle Artist
Note: We also talked to circlemaker John Lundberg, who told us the following via email:
In the field, we use very low tech equipment, surveyor's tapes for the measurements and a device called a 'stalk stomper' to flatten the crop. The stalk stomper is a 4-foot-long piece of wood with two holes drilled at each end. A piece of rope (approximately 8 feet long) is looped through the holes at each end and tied. To use the stalk stomper, you place your foot in the middle of the plank of wood and hold the rope in your hands like horse reins, then you step forward with the foot that is on the plank to flatten the crop.
I can assure you we've never superheated any crop stalks. If such things are allegedly found in crop circles, they are either present already and unrelated to the creation of the crop circle, or more likely it's just bad data based on bogus science.
The only technology I use is computer software to design the crop circle construction diagrams that we take into the field with us. I use the type of software an architect would use to design the floor-plan of a building.
I create a series of construction diagrams that lay out the construction sequence and all the geometry and measurements we need to create the crop circle. Most crop circle designs are symmetrical, as it enables you to efficiently create a very complex looking design with a relatively simple set of instructions that repeat. Asymmetrical designs are far more complex and time-consuming to create, which is why you don't really see many asymmetrical crop circles.
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There is a down side to reasonable, plausible explanations and even solutions. We then stop looking for what was the orginal cause for the crop circles. For me, until we catch the space aliens, governement or hobbiest in the act of making a pefect crop circle and then interview them and prove how all the other crop circles are made, I am just not convinced yet.
really popsci, i normally don't complain about what you put on here but to give this wacko a forum to advances his crap is a bit much, crop circles have been thoroughly debunked, the reason they have gotten more complex and more numorous are because the humans creating them have increased in size and skill over time, why mostly in the UK? that's where they live
Your really going to do this Chuck? Please, go troll elsewhere.
The way the data falls, yes, some of them are made by humans, but others are mysterious. The earliest scientific report on crop circles was in the 1880s, around surrey in Great Britain. They appeared after violent storms in the area with no explanations at the time. More data needs to be collected before a conclusion can be made, because there does seem to be evidence of superheating in some of these formations. Such data will never be collected though, primarily because of outbursts from people like Chuck.
@drchuck1, dude, why are you so upset, lol. Yes, they have filmed farmers or locals making crop circles or and there are copy cat crop circle makers. I never made any type of claim how these things were made. It does give me great joy though that I did happen to upset you, how very cool, thanks.
@drchuck1, if one guy is caught making a crop circle stopping around with his feet and is filmed on TV, does this mean all crop circles in the whole world and the history of crop circles were made this way,NO. Like I indicated in my first comment, I like to catch the original crop circle maker, the same guy who is making them all over the world and then inverview him into how he did and and see him prove how he did it. Yes, it would be a fact finding mission and reality. Really, why are you so upset? Not enough fiber in your diet and your fool of poop, dude? Fiber does a body good, have a prune! ;)
not upset, so don't go crea#ing in your pants just yet, your still a fuc#ing lying troll, you stated "Yes, they have filmed farmers or locals making crop circles or and there are copy cat crop circle makers." but you stated earlier "For me, until we catch the space aliens, governement or hobbiest in the act of making a pefect crop circle and then interview them and prove how all the other crop circles are made, I am just not convinced. I never made any type of claim how these things were made." you say they have been filmed making crop circles, then say until they catch them in the act, then you say you never stated how they are made even thought you did state how they are made, do you actually pay attention to what you post, lier
Chuck who peed in your cheerios today? Why do you always feel obligated to put others down? I don't respect bullies.
I am curious to what inspired people to start making crop circles. Could they have been first done by aliens and if so, how?
@drchuck1, Dear Chuck, honey, sweetie, you do realize you have a profile and all who desires can read you past comments right?! You have developed a distinct reputation in the style of how you play with others; the fact speak for themselves.
Still, really, why are you so angry. Yes this is PoPSci and yes it's about science, but this also a blog where any person from any place in life can comment. You act as if each person must submit their comments to you, prior to posting. People have opinions and comments for factual and any other reasons. People may even comment from a religious perspective too. It's a blog, people are allowed to comment. Just so you know the point of science for the benefit of humans, it reflects backwards towards ourselves and yes we humans have a right to comment. We can comment, feel, be factual or non-factual; we are allowed to express ourselves. Here on this blog if you do not feel someone's comment is relevant to you, then just move on and forget about it. Wow us with your own comments, less all you have is anger and the ability to attack others.
But really, thanks for the laughs, you are funny today! lol
You do realize I am laughing at you, right, lol snort....
@drchuck1 please debunk this, no one has thus far, and the people who witnessed this swear this is real.
Many crop circles are made by humans....those are copycats.
Crop circles have been around a lot longer than the 80's LMAO
This is not the whole image, but the whole image shows crop circles. And if you do a quick google search on cave paintings and crop circles, you will find images from all around the world, from India to Germany showing these designs.
Who ever is making these things is alien to our comprehension.
Radiological surveys have been done on crop circles and the land shows microwave activity.
As far as I have seen the only thing crop circles bring is "surprise", something was done unexpected and it was done in a way most people cannot figure out. At least the monolithic structures around the world tend to equal seasonal calendars and align with stars. Has any human yet learn anything useful from the crop circles (I am curious to know). I just have a gut instinct the crop circles are human made and well serve no purpose but to surprise us.
Here's a site, which really should have been mentioned in the article and investigated by its author, that categorizes all plant, soil, and atmospheric anomalies found in *some* of the circles (that the string-and-board explanation can't account for):
It's worth exploring, just check out the list of the highly regarded/qualified consultants who have provided their time and expertise on the samples:
Also, you can find all the latest circles at these two sites (not sure of any sample testing done to them - but they're stunning, nonetheless):
video - http://www.youtube.com/user/BZCAPMOOR#p/u (check out recent uploads)
pics - http://www.cropcircleconnector.com/2011/2011.html
This one might be my favorite:
Several years ago when I was still in elementary (or in middle school) I saw a program that debunked a lot of myths. One of them is crop circles.
Crop circles are made by medium to large groups of people with special devices that easily bend tall blades of grass and corn stalk in a uniform matter and shape them into circular designs with prudent planning and speed.
They work in the dead of the night and finish their work hours later before daybreak when people wake up. It's easy to pull off on countrysides because people in such sparsely populated areas take to bed quicker than people in metropolitan areas and they don't take to the fields until it's light enough to see the fields.
The fact that people are still trying to attribute crop circles to UFOs/Aliens is laughably ridiculous. I'm sure if anyone does the research they can find out how to make crop circle designs and how to make them quickly and efficiently enough to play pranks on whichever gullible soul they choose.
This isn't science. It's utterly dispicable
"Welcome to the Federation Starship SS Buttcrack!!"
@BubbaGump Day in and day out Ive seen your comments all over PopSci always trolling/responding to other people who hardly post at all. Always lashing out at others who happen to call you out yet while preaching "Here on this blog if you do not feel someone's comment is relevant to you, then just move on and forget about it."
I don't know if you do it because you just don't get enough attention while not on PopSci(which almost seems impossible for you to do) but it always seems as though you are more than desperate for it and ALWAYS coming to PopSci to fulfill your needs.
Just stop, sure you have the right to your opinion and ideas but that does not mean everyone wants to know about it.
@Escape, You profile is just minutes old, you provide zero history of making any intelligent useful comments to this article or any other articles. Your first comment is of bashing! You illustrate to the world a first impression of yourself. My comments in the beginning of this article did not harm anyone. My last comment that these crop circles are just man made does not harm anyone. I guess you get a warm and cuddly feeling from drchuck1 comments since you post nothing about him. In fact odds are you are him, by you ommission to notice has bad behavior and you own profile is only minutes old.
@BubbaGump Alright Bubba I will give you the satisfaction of receiving attention. I am not chuck1 and I never had the need to post any comments until now because as a person that reads PopSci every once in a while your daily unnecessary comments just made me decide to act.
Do you see your effect? You are so annoying a random stranger decided to make a account just to tell you so. And yes of course as a professor in crop circles I wanted to add some useful comments so everyone can care and I can make a drastic change in the way we live(sarcasm).
The point is BubbaGump you might think of yourself as a highly intelligent being with amazing interesting thoughts people would love to know, when fact is you are a annoying attention seeking troll.
Also I will now try harder to ignore you since I can see giving you attention only makes it worse.
This is the conversation concerning the recent crop circle that appeared in China which can be seen on the earthfiles.com website.
J. Hello, this is John of Revelations here on Earth. How may I address you, please?
A. Yes, John, you may address me as Madam President.
J. We are astounded by your beautiful and huge crop circle
and/or land circle. Amazing - such straight lines and dug into the earth. Can you describe what you meant?
A. Yes, of course. We are delighted to make contact with you. It is a symbol of friendship to your people on Earth.
J. Thank you so very much. It has generated much interest
in China and around the world.
A. I see you are not in China.
J. No, I am on the other side of the Earth in the United States of America.
A. How did you get the picture?
J. Master Chow took photographs and posted them on the Internet which is our global communications system - not mental telepathy!
A. You are very capable in mental telepathy.
J. Yes, I have contacted 1200 civilizations in the galaxy including 550 Pleiadian Federation planets.
A. Oh, my, you are the best on your planet.
J. Thank you for your kind words, Madam President.
Is your science adviser and legal/financial officer there with you also?
A. Yes, they just came in.
J. Please say hello to them also.
A. I did.
J. Would they like to say something?
A. This is the Financial/Legal adviser - hello!
J. Hello.
A. This is the Scientific adviser. Hello.
J. Pi.
A. What is that?
J. Hi is hello, and Pi is 3.14159265 which sounds like Hi.
A. That is funny. So when I greet my committee I will say Pi.
J. Most amusing!
A. We are all laughing.
J. Me too. What did you do with the dirt that was removed from the circle?
A. Yes, we scooped it up and put it on our mothership!
J. Is that for your new garden in space?
A. That is funny. No, in a large storage bin.
J. Your crop circle is 2000 meters in diameter, so how large is your mothership if I may ask?
A. Our ship is 5 times that or 10000 meters long and 5000 meters wide and 1000 meters high.
J. So I take it that you don't actually need a planet!
A. Ha, ha. Yes, we are now on our planet.
J. We have some lovely purple and yellow flowers and vegetables in our garden that you can plant in that soil.
A. No, no. We have plenty of that.
J. Does your circle have a meaning we should know about? It seems Oriental for the Chinese.
A. Yes, it does. It means no matter what path you take in life, you always come full circle!
J. Oh, my! That is profoundly beautiful. May I disclose that here to others who will be inspired by your comment?
A. By all means.
J. I am overwhelmed.
A. This has been a great conversation and humorous too. We have to go.
J. All right. Thank you again. Over and out.
A. Over and out.
End of conversation.
John St.Clair
In other conversations with the aliens, they say that the crop circles are made with gravitational waves.
Here is the conversation with the Commander of the spacecraft who made the recent vortex crop circle which can be seen on the earthfiles.com website.
J. Hello, this is John of Revelations here on Earth.
How may I address you?
C. Call me Commander of our spaceship.
J. Hello Commander. Thank you for making the crop circle illusion. It is marvelous.
C. Thank you. It took some time to calculate it.
J. Yes, indeed!
C. What did you discover?
J. The area of the circle divided by the area of the
ellipse is pi/2. Correct?
C. Yes, very good.
J. There appears to be more than this but I am still working on it.
C. Yes, there are more things to discover, but that
is a good start. Thanks for contacting us.
J. How far away in light years is your planet located from Earth?
C. 10,000 light years.
J. Is your planet similar to that of Earth?
C. Yes, 10 billion people, 50% water.
J. Are you a member of the Pleiadian Federation?
C. No, we have a group of planets as a cluster nearby, whereas the Federation has planets scattered around the galaxy.
J. Interesting. What made you decide to make the crop circle for us?
C. We wanted to establish contact with the people of Earth.
It is a gesture of goodwill.
J. Yes it is. Thank you for your act of kindness.
C. You are welcome.
J. Is there anything you want to say before I sign out?
C. We thank you for contacting us and wish you well.
Over and out.
J. Over and out.
End of conversation.
John St.Clair
The fractal crop circle shown in this article was made by the reptilian Nagas who live co-dimensionally with us here on Earth.
@Escape...thank you for your comment, nice to see one resonable person post on here, i was obviously over the top with my comments, i don't feel bad about it because he deserves everything he gets, hope you will continue to post on here, cheers
I am sure drchuck1 & Escape eat from the safe breakfast bowl. Interesting side note here drchuck1 of all our conversations, I have never asked you to stop commenting or to go away. I never just out of the blue insulted you, but I respond to your comments only. But it seems you intent on controlling mine and other peoples comments. Why do you feel the need to control? Why do you insult others? I Enjoy your breakfast and have a great day! Comment all you wish and take care!


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June 8, 2000 – September 24, 2000
Museum: Natural History Museum
Location: 2nd Floor, North West Wing (Hall 25)
On view are 28 large-format photographs from the book Forces of Change: A New View of Nature, produced by the National Museum of Natural History and the National Geographic Society.
Sponsored by the Forces of Change Program.
Book: $40.00 (cloth)


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News Release
Media Contact:
Christina Chavira
Communications Specialist
530.332.5589 - office
Enloe Medical Center encourages colon and prostate screenings,
early detection of cancer
CHICO, Calif., March 30, 2010 – In support of National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, Enloe Medical Center launched a colonoscopy outreach program together Stephen Pearce, MD, Joseph Matthews, MD, and Richard Zak, MD. This campaign was created to help individuals between the ages of 50 and 65 whose lack of insurance or funds has kept them from having a colonoscopy. Enloe is providing interested community members with a specialized financial counselor to assist them in finding insurance or creating payment plans that can enable them to have this critical screening. As part of this campaign Enloe also posted an educational video online and scheduled a free educational evening lecture about colorectal health, on March 30. Additionally, online education is also newly available.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers for both men and women in the United States. If caught early, it is curable 90 percent of the time.
To meet with the financial counselor, the first step is to complete an application available online or by calling 332-7016. This outreach program will be available for 60 days.
To increase awareness about colorectal health, Enloe will host a free evening Health & Wellness lecture, Envision a Community Without Colorectal Cancer, from 7 to 8 p.m., March 30, at the Enloe Conference Center, 1528 Esplanade. It will be led by General and Colorectal Surgeon Joseph Matthews, MD, who will discuss colon health and colon cancer prevention and treatment.
Enloe is also making a multimedia effort to educate the community about colon cancer and prostate cancer to emphasize the importance of screenings and that early detection can help save lives. There are two videos online at www.enloe.org/cancer, located in the right navigation bar. Local Gastroenterologist Stephen Pearce, MD, and Urologist Mark Fritzler, MD, answer common questions about colon and prostate cancer, such as:
• How common is colon cancer?
• Does screening really make a difference?
• How does a prostate screening work?
• What are treatment options and their success rates?
Drs. Pearce, Matthews, Zak and Fritzler are independent licensed practitioners who are members of Enloe's Medical Staff and not employed by the medical center.
Enloe Medical Center is a local, nonprofit health care organization. For more information, please call 530/332-7300 or visit us online at http://www.enloe.org. Enloe Medical Center is located at 1531 Esplanade Chico, Calif. 95926.


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Mom Drives Off with 5-Week-Old Baby on Top of Car
June 4, 2012
We've heard of stressed out and overtired parents leaving wallets, diaper bags, and coffee cups on the tops of their cars only to remember the lost item once it was too late. Coffee spilled at the left hand turn and dollar bills sprinkled across the supermarket parking lot. Ideal? Not so much. Understandable? Definitely.
What's not understandable is leaving a 5-week-old baby strapped into his car seat on top of a vehicle and then driving away. Sadly, this is exactly what 19-year-old mom Catalina Clouser did. What's worse is that the Arizona mother didn't even notice her son had fallen off the roof at an intersection, abandoning him in the middle of oncoming traffic.
PLUS: Baby Placed in Laundromat Washer While in Sitter's Care
Thankfully, nearby homeowner, Leilani Gerlach, notified police after she and another neighbor spotted the baby, "The car seat was turned to the side so anyone passing by wouldn't be able to tell there was an actual baby inside. Thank god they stopped," she told ABC News. The car seat was scraped, but the baby unharmed.
What explanation could this mother possibly have? Um, it's not a good one.
Apparently, Clouser and her boyfriend had been smoking marijuana earlier at a park with friends. Later, her boyfriend was arrested on suspicion of aggravated DUI when on their way to a store to buy beer. According to police, Clouser was so upset that her boyfriend was arrested she went to a friend's house and smoked even more marijuana until about midnight. That's around the time she drove off with her baby on the roof of her car, only to return to the scene after police had already arrived.
PLUS: Father of 30 Asks Court for Child Support Relief
Officer James Holmes of the Phoenix Police Department commented, "We believe that whatever she was under the influence of was the deciding factor in what did happen to this child and we're extremely happy that for the baby this turned out well and the baby is going to be okay." The baby boy is now in the care of Child Protective Services and Clouser was arrested and charged with aggravated driving under the influence and child abuse.
Do you think the punishment fits the crime? Do you believe the baby's parents should lose custody?


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The VPL-VW70 LCoS projector includes Sony's Silicon X-tal Reflective Display (SXRD) chipset and offers a 1920 x 1080 resolution.
The projector includes 2.35:1 options and can produce 800 ANSI lumens of brightness. It also offers a 60,000:1 contrast ratio, 16:9 aspect ratio, horizontal and vertical lens shift and RS-232 port.
Price: $6,999
Read more: 7 Popular Projectors for Your Home Theater


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January 2, 2012
8:00 pm
With Tampa Bay already looking to next season and the Falcons heading to the playoffs both Buccaneers head coach Raheem Morris and Atlanta's Mike Smith are preparing for this game just like another important division rival game.
From the outside it may appear like the Tampa Bay Buccaneers do not have anything to play for Sunday as they face their NFC South rivals the Atlanta Falcons in the Georgia Dome. With the Buccaneers playoff hopes dashed weeks ago and the Falcons, who may not be able to improve their playoff seeding, this is a meaningless game right? Don't tell that to Raheem Morris or Atlanta head coach Mike Smith.
For the Buccaneers, it's about pride and about just being able to end the season on a positive note. It is about still trying hard to get a win in a division rival game, even if a win may not mean that much as far as the overall picture is concerned.
Even thought head coach Morris is unsure of whether he will be facing Falcons quarterback Matt Ryan (who is 5-1 in his past 6 starts versus Tampa Bay) or a backup, Morris still plans to game plan as if he will be facing the Falcons starters.
"No, we go out there and try to win the football game," Morris said. "[It] doesn't matter. They are going to execute Coach Mularkey's offense. They are going to execute (Falcons defensive coordinator Brian) VanGorder's defense. You got to go out there and just players got to play. Those things are all gray matter to us. Like I talked about it before we are kind of in off season mode a little bit, fundamental periods. We have been in getting better modes and right now we are in the mode of going out there and playing and got to go out there and play fast."
Despite already being in the playoffs, the Falcons head coach Mike Smith says he is still going to plan for this Tampa Bay team as if it were any other week. According to Smith, it is just another game against a competitive division opponent. The last time these two teams played back in September the Buccaneers came out on top 16-13.


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Hyundai Completes Course of the Force Journey To Comic-Con
COSTA MESA, Calif., July 11, 2012 /PRNewswire/ — The Star Wars(TM) themed Course of the Force charity relay completed its journey to San Diego today. Hyundai, the official vehicle of the relay, joined Lucasfilm Ltd., Nerdist Industries and Octagon to complete an Olympic-style lightsaber relay where participants journeyed from Santa Monica to San Diego, leading up to Comic-Con International while benefiting the Make-A-Wish Foundation®.
(Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120711/LA38719)
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20091001/HYUNDAILOGO)
The relay started on July 7 at the Santa Monica Pier and concluded today at Balboa Theatre in San Diego. Participants running the route handed off the official Course of the Force lightsaber to the next runner every quarter-mile. As the Course made its stops along the California coast, Star Wars(TM)-themed parties capped off a long day of running. One hundred percent of Course of the Force proceeds from runner registration benefited the Make-A-Wish Foundation® chapters of Greater Los Angeles, Orange County and Inland Empire, and San Diego.
Hyundai provided 10 Veracruz, Santa Fe, and Tucson vehicles for the Course of the Force, including two Course of the Force-theme wrapped Hyundai vehicles covered in stars and colorful lightsabers that were part of the relay caravan down the coast.
As the relay concluded in San Diego today, Hyundai is also unveiling a custom Zombie Survival Machine at Comic-Con. Thecustomized Hyundai Elantra Coupe Zombie Survival Machine, designed by The Walking Dead creator Robert Kirkman and fabricated by Design Craft, will be revealed on the Comic-Con floor at the Future US booth. The Hyundai Undead program celebrates the release of the 100th issue of The Walking Dead comic.
"Hyundai is excited to be a part of Course of the Force, helping to raise money for Make-A-Wish Foundation," said Steve Shannon, vice president, marketing, Hyundai Motor America. "We are proud to be a part of the Southern California community helping to celebrate Star Wars and build momentum leading up to Comic-Con International, all while raising money to make children's wishes come true."
Visit http://courseoftheforce.com/ for the latest news and videos from the relay.
Hyundai Motor America, headquartered in Costa Mesa, Calif., is a subsidiary of Hyundai Motor Co. of Korea. Hyundai vehicles are distributed throughout the United States by Hyundai Motor America and are sold and serviced through more than 800 dealerships nationwide. All Hyundai vehicles sold in the U.S. are covered by the Hyundai Assurance program, which includes the 5-year/60,000-mile fully transferable new vehicle warranty, Hyundai's 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain warranty, and five years of complimentary Roadside Assistance.
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Applications to be an exhibitor at the 2012 Salt Fork Arts & Crafts Festival, to be held Aug. 10 and 11 are now being accepted. The festival attracts thousands of visitors from all over each summer.
This is the 44th annual festival which takes place in Cambridge City Park, Cambridge. It is a celebration of the arts and features painters, potters, ceramicists, photographers, hand-crafted jewelry artists and many other unique forms of art.
The event showcases the art of talented local student artists, features demonstrations and exhibits of Early American arts and crafts, entertains with a wide variety of performers and new this year local writers and authors will be reading and signing their works.
To find out more about applying and participating in the 2012 Salt Fork Arts & Crafts Festival; www.saltforkfestival.org, www.Zapplication.com, or (740) 439-9379.


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Will you accept this pose?
It's obvious what Courtney Robertson has been doing since winning on "The Bachelor" (if that's really possible) and then getting dumped by Ben Flajnik -- working out.
The sexy 29-year-old showed off the amazing body that Ben's missing out on by wearing a pale green bikini on the beach in Los Angeles on Wednesday.
While she didn't get to walk down the aisle with Ben, Courtney will next appear on the wedding gown show "Say Yes to the Dress" ... but it's her sister who is the bride.
Always the bridesmaid ...
Get TMZ Breaking News alerts to your inbox
What the hell does her being beautiful have to do with being a good girlfriend or wife? That's what people seem to not understand. She could be the hottest girl in world and be the dumbest and most selfish idiot on this planet. I'm sure Ben sleeps fine at night. He dumped her for a reason.
He is not missing out on much of anything. I don't do crazy/narcissistic/delusional/attention seeking/pale blue yonder


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Tin Pan Alley
Coordinates: 40°44′44″N 73°59′22.5″W / 40.74556°N 73.989583°W
Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The name originally referred to a specific place: West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenue in Manhattan, and a plaque (see below) on the sidewalk on 28th Street between Broadway and Sixth commemorates it. This block is now considered to be part of Manhattan's NoMad neighborhood and the Flower District.
The start of Tin Pan Alley is usually dated to about 1885, when a number of music publishers set up shop in the same district of Manhattan. The end of Tin Pan Alley is less clear cut. Some date it to the start of the Great Depression in the 1930s when the phonograph and radio supplanted sheet music as the driving force of American popular music, while others consider Tin Pan Alley to have continued into the 1950s when earlier styles of American popular music were upstaged by the rise of rock & roll.
The origins of the name "Tin Pan Alley" are unclear. The most popular account holds that it was originally a derogatory reference in the New York Herald referring to the sound made by many pianos all playing different tunes being exactly like the banging of many tin pans in an alleyway. With time, this nickname was popularly embraced and many years later it came to describe the U.S. music industry in general. According to Katherine Charlton,[2] the "term Tin Pan Alley referred to the thin, tinny tone quality of cheap upright pianos used in music publisher's offices."
By extension, the term "Tin Pan Alley" is also used to describe any area within a major city with a high concentration of music publishers or musical instrument stores – an example being Denmark Street[3][4] in London's West End. In the 1920s the street became known as "Britain's Tin Pan Alley" because of the large number of music shops, a title it still holds.
In the mid-19th century, copyright control on melodies was not as strict in the United States, and competing publishers would often print their own versions of the songs popular at the time.
With stronger copyright protection laws late in the century, songwriters, composers, lyricists, and publishers started working together for their mutual financial benefit.
The biggest music houses established themselves in New York City. Small local publishers (often connected with commercial printers or music stores) continued to flourish throughout the country, and there were important regional music publishing centers in Chicago, New Orleans, St. Louis, and Boston. When a tune became a significant local hit, rights to it were usually purchased from the local publisher by one of the big New York firms.
In its prime[edit]
The music houses in lower Manhattan were lively places, with a steady stream of songwriters, vaudeville and Broadway performers, musicians, and "song pluggers" coming and going.
Aspiring songwriters came to demonstrate tunes they hoped to sell. When tunes were purchased from unknowns with no previous hits, the name of someone with the firm was often added as co-composer (in order to keep a higher percentage of royalties within the firm), or all rights to the song were purchased outright for a flat fee (including rights to put someone else's name on the sheet music as the composer). Songwriters who became established producers of successful songs were hired to be on the staff of the music houses. The most successful of them, like Harry Von Tilzer and Irving Berlin, founded their own publishing firms.
"Song pluggers" were pianists and singers who made their living demonstrating songs to promote sales of sheet music. Most music stores had song pluggers on staff. Other pluggers were employed by the publishers to travel and familiarize the public with their new publications. Among the ranks of song pluggers were George Gershwin and Harry Warren.
When vaudeville performers played New York City, they would often visit various Tin Pan Alley firms to find new songs for their acts. Second- and third-rate performers often paid for rights to use a new song, while famous stars were given free copies of publisher's new numbers or were paid to perform them, the publishers knowing this was valuable advertising.
Initially Tin Pan Alley specialized in melodramatic ballads and comic novelty songs, but it embraced the newly popular styles of the cakewalk and ragtime music. Later on jazz and blues were incorporated, although less completely, as Tin Pan Alley was oriented towards producing songs that amateur singers or small town bands could perform from printed music. Tin Pan Alley manufactured jazzy and bluesy pop-songs and dance numbers. Much of the public in the late 1910 and the 1920s did not know the difference between these commercial products and authentic jazz and blues.[citation needed]
Influence on law and business[edit]
A group of Tin Pan Alley music houses formed the Music Publishers Association of the United States on June 11, 1895, and unsuccessfully lobbied the federal government in favor of the Treloar Copyright Bill, which would have changed the term of copyright for published music from 24 to 40 years, renewable for an additional 20 instead of 14 years. The bill would also have included music among the subject matter covered by the Manufacturing clause of the International Copyright Act of 1891.
The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) was founded in 1914 to aid and protect the interests of established publishers and composers. New members were only admitted with sponsorship of existing members.
Contributions to World War II[edit]
During the Second World War, Tin Pan Alley and the federal government teamed up to produce a war song that would inspire the American public to support the fight against the Axis, something they both "seemed to believe… was vital to the war effort."[5] The Office of War Information was in charge of this project, and believed that Tin Pan Alley contained "a reservoir of talent and competence capable of influencing people's feelings and opinions" that it "might be capable of even greater influence during wartime than [during World War I]."[5] Due to the large fan base of Tin Pan Alley, the government believed that this sector of the music business would be far-reaching in spreading patriotic sentiments.[5]
In the United States Congress, congressman quarrelled over a proposal to exempt musicians and other entertainers from the draft in order to remain in the country to boost morale.[5] However, this was contested by those who strongly believed that only those who provided more substantial contributions to the war effort should benefit from any draft legislation.[5]
As the war progressed, those in charge of writing the would-be national war song began to understand that the interest of the public lay elsewhere. In her book, God Bless America: Tin Pan Alley Goes to War, Kathleen E.R. Smith writes that "escapism seemed to be a high priority for music listeners," leading "the composers of Tin Pan Alley [to struggle] to write a war song that would appeal both to civilians and the armed forces."[5] By the end of the war, no such song had been produced that could rival hits like "Over There" from World War I.[5]
Whether or not the amount of songs circulated from Tin Pan Alley between 1939 and 1945 was greater than during the First World War is still debated. In his book The Songs That Fought the War: Popular Music and the Home Front, John Bush Jones cites Jeffrey C. Livingstone as claiming that Tin Pan Alley released more songs during World War I than it did in World War II.[6] Jones, on the other hand, argues that "there is also strong documentary evidence that the output of American war-related songs during World War II was most probably unsurpassed in any other war."[6]
In popular culture[edit]
- In the 1959–1960 television season, NBC aired a sitcom Love and Marriage, based on the fictitious William Harris Music Publishing Company set in Tin Pan Alley. William Demarest, Stubby Kaye, Jeanne Bal, and Murray Hamilton co-starred in the series, which aired 18 episodes.
Composers and lyricists[edit]
Leading Tin Pan Alley composers and lyricists include:
Notable hit songs[edit]
Tin Pan Alley's biggest hits included:
- "After the Ball" (Charles K. Harris, 1892)
- "The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo" (Charles Coborn, 1892)
- "The Little Lost Child" (Marks & Stern, 1894)
- "The Sidewalks of New York" (Lawlor & Blake, 1894)
- "The Band Played On" (Charles B. Ward & John F. Palmer, 1895)
- "Mister Johnson, Turn Me Loose" (Ben Harney, 1896)
- "There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight" (Joe Hayden & Theodore Mertz, 1896)
- "Warmest Baby in the Bunch" (George M. Cohan, 1896)
- "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away" (Paul Dresser 1897)
- "At a Georgia Campmeeting" (Kerry Mills, 1897)
- "Hearts and Flowers" (Theodore Moses Tobani, 1899)
- "Hello! Ma Baby (Hello Ma Ragtime Gal)" (Emerson, Howard, & Sterling, 1899)
- "A Bird in a Gilded Cage" (Harry Von Tilzer, 1900)
- "Mighty Lak' a Rose" (Ethelbert Nevin & Frank L. Stanton, 1901)
- "Bill Bailey, Won't You Please Come Home" (Huey Cannon, 1902)
- "In the Good Old Summer Time" (Ren Shields & George Evans, 1902)
- "Give My Regards To Broadway" (George M. Cohan, 1904)
- "In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree" (Harry Williams & Egbert van Alstyne, 1905)
- "Shine Little Glow Worm" (Paul Lincke & Lilla Cayley Robinson, 1907)
- "Shine on Harvest Moon" (Nora Bayes & Jack Norworth, 1908)
- "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" (Albert Von Tilzer, 1908)
- "By the Light of the Silvery Moon" (Gus Edwards & Edward Madden, 1909)
- "Down by the Old Mill Stream" (Tell Taylor, 1910)
- "Come Josephine in My Flying Machine" (Fred Fisher & Alfred Bryan, 1910)
- "Let Me Call You Sweetheart" (Beth Slater Whitson & Leo Friedman, 1910)
- "Alexander's Ragtime Band" (Irving Berlin, 1911)
- "Some of These Days" (Shelton Brooks, 1911)
- "Peg o' My Heart" (Fred Fisher & Alfred Bryan, 1913)
- "The Darktown Strutters Ball" (Shelton Brooks, 1917)
- "K-K-K-Katy" (Geoffrey O'Hara, 1918)
- "God Bless America" (Irving Berlin, 1918; revised 1938)
- "Oh by Jingo!" (Albert Von Tilzer, 1919)
- "Swanee" (George Gershwin, 1919)
- "Whispering" (1920)
- "The Japanese Sandman" (1920)
- "Carolina in the Morning" (Gus Kahn & Walter Donaldson, 1922)
- "Lovesick Blues" (Cliff Friend & Irving Mills, 1922)
- "Way Down Yonder In New Orleans" (Creamer & Turner Layton, 1922)
- "Yes, We Have No Bananas" (Frank Silver & Irving Cohn, 1923)
- "I Cried for You" (Arthur Freed & Nacio Herb Brown, 1923)
- "Everybody Loves My Baby" (Spencer Williams, 1924)
- "All Alone" (Irving Berlin, 1924)
- "Sweet Georgia Brown" (Maceo Pinkard, 1925)
- "Baby Face" (Benny Davis & Harry Akst, 1926)
- "Ain't She Sweet" (Jack Yellen & Milton Ager,1927)
- "My Blue Heaven" (Walter Donaldson & George Whiting, 1927)
- "Happy Days Are Here Again" (Jack Yellen & Milton Ager, 1930)
See also[edit]
- ^ The Parlor Songs Academy, In Search of Tin Pan Alley. http://parlorsongs.com/insearch/tinpanalley/tinpanalley.php
- ^ Charlton (2011), p.3
- ^ "Tin Pan Alley (London)", musicpilgrimages.com, 2009-11-07
- ^ Daley, Dan (08 January 2004). "Pop's street of dreams". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 February 2011. ""We used to think of Tin Pan Alley, which is what they called Denmark Street years ago when all the music publishers were there, as rather old-fashioned," recalls Peter Asher"
- ^ a b c d e f g Kathleen E.R. Smith, God Bless America: Tin Pan Alley Goes to War (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2003), 2-6
- ^ a b John Bush Jones, God Bless America: Tin Pan Alley Goes to War (Lebanon: University Press of Kentucky, 2003) 32-33
- ^ a b "Song for Hard Times", Harvard Magazine, May–June, 2009
This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2013) |
- Bloom, Ken. The American Songbook: The Singers, the Songwriters, and the Songs. New York: Black Dog and Leventhal, 2005.
- Charlton, Katherine (2011). Rock music style: a history. New York: McGraw Hill.
- Forte, Allen. Listening to Classic American Popular Songs. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
- Philip Furia (1990). The Poets of Tin Pan Alley: A History of America's Great Lyricists. ISBN 0-19-507473-4..
- Philip Furia and Lasser, Michael (2006). The American's Songs: The Stories Behind the Songs of Broadway, Hollywood, and Tin Pan Alley. ISBN 0-415-99052-1..
- Goldberg, Isaac. Tin Pan Alley, A Chronicle of American Music. New York: Frederick Ungar, [1930], 1961.
- Jasen, David A. Tin Pan Alley: The Composers, the Songs, the Performers and Their Times. New York: Donald I. Fine, Primus, 1988.
- Jasen, David A., and Gene Jones. Spreadin' Rhythm Around: Black Popular Songwriters, 1880–1930. New York: Schirmer Books, 1998.
- Marks, Edward B., as told to Abbott J. Liebling. They All Sang: From Tony Pastor to Rudy Vallée. New York: Viking Press, 1934.
- Morath, Max. The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Popular Standards. New York: Penguin Putnam, Berkley Publishing, a Perigree Book, 2002.
- Sanjek, Russell. American Popular Music and Its Business: The First Four Hundred Years, Volume III, From 1900 to 1984. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
- Sanjek, Russell. From Print to Plastic: Publishing and Promoting America's Popular Music, 1900–1980. I.S.A.M. Monographs: Number 20. Brooklyn: Institute for Studies in American Music, Conservatory of Music, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 1983.
- Tawa, Nicholas E. The Way to Tin Pan Alley: American Popular Song, 1866–1910. New York: Schirmer Books, 1990.
- Whitcomb, Ian. After the Ball: Pop Music from Rag to Rock. New York: Proscenium Publishers, 1986, reprint of Penguin Press, 1972.
- Wilder, Alec. American Popular Song: The Great Innovators, 1900–1950. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
- Zinsser, William. Easy to Remember: The Great American Songwriters and Their Songs. Jaffrey, NH: David R. Godine, 2000.
Further reading
- Scheurer, Timothy E., American Popular Music: The nineteenth century and Tin Pan Alley, Bowling Green State University, Popular Press, 1989 (Volume I)
- Scheurer, Timothy E., American Popular Music: The age of rock", Bowling Green State University, Popular Press, 1989 (Volume II)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tin Pan Alley. |


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Three and half years ago I started this site as a side project. It soon turned into something much bigger than I had ever hoped. I had no idea that so many people would be as interested in Mattel Disney Cars diecast as I was. I have had a great time writing about Cars and hearing from the collectors and parents who enjoy it so much. So it is with some sadness that I say that this site will no longer continue as it has for the past 3 and a half years.
Continue reading »
Time for a Change
'Cars 2′ First Official Trailer
Yahoo! has it in HD here. The YouTube version is embedded below.
It looks fun, and I am excited to see it! What did you think?
'Cars 2′ First Official Image, Poster and Plot Description
Via slashfilm.com, we have the first official image from 'Cars 2.'
'Cars 2′ is set to release June 24th, 2011. And here is the official description from Disney.
Star racecar Lightning McQueen (voice of Owen Wilson) and the incomparable tow truck Mater (voice of Larry the Cable Guy) take their friendship to exciting new places in "Cars 2" when they head overseas to compete in the first-ever World Grand Prix to determine the world's fastest car. But the road to the championship is filled with plenty of potholes, detours and hilarious surprises when Mater gets caught up in an intriguing adventure of his own: international espionage. Torn between assisting Lightning McQueen in the high-profile race and towing the line in a top-secret spy mission, Mater's action-packed journey leads him on an explosive chase through the streets of Japan and Europe, trailed by his friends and watched by the whole world. Adding to the fast-paced fun is a colorful new all-car cast that includes secret agents, menacing villains and international racing competitors.
They say we will have the first official trailer tomorrow.
To top it all off, Yahoo! has the first official movie poster.
Update: Notice anything about the poster? Look closely, and you can spot some of the Cars characters from the upcoming movie!
'Cars 2′ is the next Pixar movie on the list and is due out next summer. Expect the toys to show up in the Spring.
Mater Saves Christmas 2010 Holiday Cars Single Carded
Update – Nov. 13th: These are starting to show up at Toys R Us stores in the US.
This year's Mater Saves Christmas single carded Cars have begun showing up in the UK. So far, we have Whee-Hoo Winter Mater, Snowplow Lightning McQueen and Holiday Spirit Sheriff. Hopefully, these will show up in the US soon. My guess is they will be showing up at Target and Toys R Us, same as last year. Here are the images.
Check out more images here. Also, check out the Mater Saves Christmas Toys R Us 3 pack.
Mater Saves Christmas Toys R Us 3 Pack
Santa Car has arrived! A Mater Saves Christmas 3 pack is now available at Toys R Us.
This 3 pack contains Holiday Hotshot Lightning McQueen, Whee-Hoo Winter Mater and Santa Car. It is $19.99. I have seen it at both Toys R Us stores in my area. You can also buy it at the Toys R Us website here.
The McQueen with snow tires seen online has not made it out yet, and the hope is that there are more holiday Cars to come, probably exclusive to Target, same as last year.
Mater Saves Christmas Holiday Cars 2010
The list of Mater Saves Christmas Cars for 2010 is growing. More listings are showing up on eBay for these Cars. First, we get to see Santa Car. Now, we get another version of Mater, McQueen with snow tires and a Sheriff repaint. Here are the images. Hopefully, we will see some more, as there are plenty of new sculpts that could be done from this story.
Cars Mater Saves Christmas Santa Car
Last year's holiday season brought Cars fans a new Cars Christmas story called Mater Saves Christmas. With that came new diecast based on the Cars from the story, both in single carded and the Target exclusive boxset with Mater.
So what will we get this year, if anything? I'm not sure, but if you were watching eBay, you may have seen this gem on there recently…
Yep, it's Santa Car! I don't have any other details, but hopefully Santa will bring us Santa Car for Christmas 2010.
Cars Target Exclusive Speedway 9 Pack
Target has a new exclusive Cars set called the Speedway 9 Pack. That's right, there are 9 Cars in this set, and it looks like they are not lenticular.
There are 5 racers, McQueen, King, Chick, Sidewall Shine and Clutch Aid. There are also 4 new non-lenticular version of Dash Boardman, Houser Boon, Tim Rimmer and Timothy Twostroke. I don't think any of these 4 have been released in Final Lap yet.
As I have not seen these yet, I'm not sure on the retail price. But with the holiday season coming soon, expect to see them at a Target near you.
More Details on Next Kmart Cars Collectors Day
We've already posted about the upcoming Kmart Cars Collectors Day coming at 11AM on October 23rd, 2010. But Mattel has released the official information for it, including an image of the Kmart ad which you can see below. Click here for a list of participating locations.
There will be 24 Cars in every case. 8 of these, which we have already mentioned, will be Piston Cup racers with the rubber tires. The rest will be lenticulars, including a chase Car. Here is the full list.
Painted Masked Lightning McQueen (Chase) — 1
Race Tow Truck (Tow) — 1 (First time with lenticular eyes!)
#54 Faux Wheel Drive — 3
#74 Sidewall Shine — 2
#82 Shiny Wax — 2
#28 Nitroade — 2
#80 Gask-its — 3
#39 View Zeen — 2
#101 Tach-o-mint — 2
#36 Tank Coat — 2
Kathy Copter — 1
Pit Crew Sarge — 1
Radiator Springs Lightning McQueen — 1
Dash Boardman — 1
Heavy Metal Mater 4 Pack Now Arriving
Are you ready to ROCK? Speaking of Heavy Metal Mater, we get a look at the next Cars Toons 4 pack featuring none other than Heavy Metal Mater. These are now showing up at retail, but I haven't seen them so I'm not sure as to which stores.
This 4 pack features Heavy Metal Mater, Heavy Metal McQueen and the 2 rockin' pittys. I can't wait to find these, and I also can't wait to see the toon! You can find more Heavy Metal Mater toys on eBay.


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After an almost two-week hiatus, the Dawson County Lady Tiger softball team defeated Region 8-AA foe East Jackson 7-5 last Thursday at Jack Waldrip Field.
It was a long night for Tiger Head Coach Jeff Lee and his team last Friday at Memorial Stadium in Jefferson.
The Dawson County High School Junior Varsity softball team continued its winning ways with a 7-0 defeat of East Jackson High School last Thursday.
Jefferson High School begins a new chapter in its long history with the hiring of legendary football coach T. McFerrin.
Lady Tiger Maddy Walters finished in fourth place at the 6th Annual Northeast Georgia Cross Country Championships held at Athens Christian Academy last Saturday.
Dawson County traveled to Dahlonega last Friday night to play the Lumpkin County Indians in the opening game of the season for both clubs. The Indians rallied in the second half to pull off a 13-0 victory.
Head Coach Jimmy Pruett and his Dawson County Lady Tigers' softball team lost an exciting game against Pickens County High School in Jasper last Wednesday, 3-2.
Dawson County football fans got a preview of this season's team last Thursday night at Tiger Stadium.
Dawson County will play an old rival this Friday night, when the team travels to Dahlonega to play neighboring Lumpkin County.
Coaches tend to find out a lot about their teams early in the season. Such
This is the fourth in a series of biographies about head coaches at Dawson County schools.
On a hot and humid Saturday afternoon, the Dawson County Tigers took the practice field for the conclusion of football camp with a spirited scrimmage.
Editor's Note: This is the first in a series of biographies about head coaches at Dawson County Schools.
There are only 38 days left for the Dawson County Tigers before the team's first regular season football game against Lumpkin County in Dahlonega.
Head Coach Jimmy Pruett has announced that tryouts for the high school softball team will be held at 7 p.m. on Aug. 3. All girls interested in trying out for the team must meet at the high school field at 6:45 p.m.
It was a tough week for the Dawson County High School varsity Lady Tigers' basketball team. Coach Steve Sweat's squad suffered two Region 7AAA losses to put them at 3-3 in region play.
The Dawson County High School varsity boys' basketball team needed an extra period on Jan. 10, but the team was able to prevail 52-43 over visiting North Hall.
Dawson County High School junior varsity girls' basketball coach Anne Hyams' team won 31-21 over North Hall Jan. 10 in Dawsonville.
Despite outscoring North Hall, 19-7, in the fourth quarter, the Dawson County High School junior varsity boys basketball team was unable to come out on top against the North Hall Trojans, Jan. 10.
Despite a hard-fought loss, the Dawson County High School Lady Tigers returned to Dawsonville March 9 with their heads held high, proud of their second-place finish and knowing they gave it their all.
Dawson County wrestling participated in the Area Duals last Friday and Saturday at Fannin County High School in Blue Ridge.
The Dawson County Lady Tigers started the new year with a convincing 65-42 win over East Hall on Jan. 3. With the win, Head Coach Steve Sweat's team is currently 12-3 overall and 3-1 in region 7-AAA play.
Lucas Pain had a monster night on offense for the Dawson County High School varsity boys' basketball team Jan. 3 in Dawsonville.
Jackson Putnam was named to the first team defense for football by The Times of Gainesville last week. Putnam was selected as a defensive back by The Times sports staff.
Contents of this site are © Copyright 2014 Dawsonnews, Dawsonville, GA. All rights reserved. Privacy policy and Terms of service


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Let's face it, no woodworker particularly enjoys cleaning saw blades or router bits, so the easier we can make it, the better. This kit does just that, combining an extremely effective saw blade cleaning solution with two conveniently-sized containers that allow you to soak your blades and bits and let the blade cleaner do the brunt of the work for you. A brass brush is also included to whisk away the more stubborn particles. With clean, cool-running cutters, you'll get more precise cuts, a longer cutter life and spend far less on sharpening costs.
Technical Details:
Technical Details:
- The jumbo sized "blade bath" features a raised inner ring, which prevents the blade from suctioning to the bottom.
- 14" inside diameter accepts a 12" blade with plenty of room at the edges for easy removal.
- Kit includes 14" plastic blade bath with lid, 1 quart (makes 1 gallon) of Pitch and Resin Remover-a highly effective saw blade cleaner-brass-bristled scrub brush and a 6 oz. plastic jar with lid for cleaning router bits.
Related articles
Tech Spec
Brand | Rockler |
Weight (lbs) | 4.5000 |
Type | Router Bits |
What's included:
- (1) 14" blade bath with lid
- (1) Quart of Pitch and Resin Remover (makes 1 gallon)
- (1) Brass-bristled scrub brush
- (1) 6 oz. plastic jar with lid for cleaning router bits
It is amazing! It performed as...
Posted February 13, 2013
It is amazing! It performed as advertised it took and old dirty blade and refreshed it new condition. It worked so well it took the manufacture label off I would recommend this product to a friend. As retired person who used this basic process in an industrial profession this is perfect for home use after four hours of soaking.
My wife bought me this kit...
Posted February 10, 2013
My wife bought me this kit as a gift. It's a good idea that is executed poorly. The bottom of the large blue plastic pan is so deformed that it sets up about 3/4". This "hump" in the middle then forces you to use much more cleaning solution to cover your saw blade than is necessary. I threw the pan away and got a heavy duty one from Fleet Farm which lies flat. The solution that comes with the kit works all right, but so does a lot of other products. For me this was a waste of money.
This kit did a good job...
Posted June 4, 2012
This kit did a good job on all my saw blades. I was hesitant to do any cleanup, but the process was easy. It took just about 15 minutes to clean 2 very dirty saw blades. I used a 3:1 mixture.
I needed to cleam some saw...
Posted February 1, 2012
I needed to cleam some saw blades and since I was placing an order from Rockler, I decided to take a chance on this product. I was somewhat worried after reading some of the reviews, but those worries disappeared just like the pitch on my blades. I mixed the cleaning solution as directed and left my dirty blades soak for about 10 minutes while I did other work. When I brushed the blade teeth, the pithc just fell off. Within minutes I had a clean blade. The large pan worked great with no problems and the slight ridge in the middle kept both sides exposed to the cleaner. I wasn't planning on storing the cleaner in the plastic pan, so I really didn't care if the lid fit or not, but I also worked great. This stuff was fantastic. Even the brass brush worked great. My only advice is to put an old rag or something in the bottom of the pan when you are brushing off the teeth or else the teeth will tear up the bottom of the pan. Also, I was cleaning Freud blade and some of the coating came off in the solution turned it reddish colored, but that could have been from leaving it in longer than suggested. The blades are all cleam and are working great no more burnig wood on rips. Great product.
This product is the best. It...
Posted December 3, 2011
This product is the best. It even works better hot. Mix the recommended amount and soak for a minute or two. I heat it in the jar for a couple of minutes then poor it into the pan. You don't even need a brass brush. A good stiff tooth brush works as well. You can even buy a set of three brushes (ie; brass, stainless steel, white bristle) at most hardware stores for $1.00


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Unanticipated Consequences of Pandemic Flu: School Related Issues: A Preliminary Literature Review
Lisa Soloff; Gregory A. Thomas
- Title:
- Unanticipated Consequences of Pandemic Flu: School Related Issues: A Preliminary Literature Review
- Author(s):
Soloff, Lisa
Thomas, Gregory A. - Date:
- 2007
- Type:
- Reports
- Department:
- National Center for Disaster Preparedness
- Permanent URL:
- http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:14772
- Series:
- NCDP Research Brief
- Part Number:
- 2007-02
- Publisher:
- National Center for Disaster Preparedness, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
- Publisher Location:
- New York
- Abstract:
- In the event of a pandemic flu outbreak, closing schools would be one of the most likely non pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) considered to contain the outbreak, consistent with social distancing theories (Hodge 2006, Germann 2006). Children in preschool and school-age groups are frequently observed to amplify transmission of many forms of flu (Bell 2006, Germann 2006), and are often the first mechanism for introducing transmission into the home (Cedron 2006). Despite the propensity of influenza epidemics to be amplified in primary schools, data on the effectiveness of school closures are limited (Bell 2006), especially in recent years, and the impact of school closures on illness rates appears to be mixed (Ingelsby 2006).
- Subject(s):
- Public health
- Item views:
- 109


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JJ Jordan of Denver admits she's a little hyper when it comes to the Alzheimer's Association®. "I do at least one thing for the cause every single day," she says. Some days, it's as simple as telling someone her story (both of her parents have the disease). Other days, it's more involved. She sits on the Board of Directors of the Colorado Chapter, teaches a "Savvy Caregiver" course and serves as an Alzheimer's Association Ambassador, working with Association staff to develop and maintain relationships with policymakers.
JJ's never burdened by her various responsibilities,. It's actually what keeps her going. "The Alzheimer's Association saved my life," she says. "I realized I could be mad at the world or I could get mad at the disease."
JJ originally focused her volunteer efforts around cope and hope. "Cope is supporting families who are living with this and hope is raising money for research," she explains. About two years ago, she added a third focus: action, and that's when she became involved in advocacy efforts. "Being an activist in this world doesn't mean carrying signs and camping out on sidewalks. It's the easiest thing we can do because it's telling our stories," she explains. "It's what we, as ordinary people, can do to fight this disease. Because that's all I am – I'm just an ordinary person and Alzheimer's has landed on my family."
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Desktop::Screen Savers: Seasonal > Wedding Planners Function Coordinators 1.0
Wedding Planners Function Coordinators 1.0Desktop Screen Saver - Free Download - Wedding Planners Function Coordinators Company: Wedding Planners Function CoordinatorsPlatform: Win 3.1x,Win95,Win98,WinME,WinNT 3.x,WinNT 4.x,Windows2000,WinXP,Windows2003,Win Size: 1371 KB Price: USD $0.00 Release Date: 2009-07-05 Screenshot URL: http://www.australianweddingprofessionals.com.au/pad/screenshot.jpg Category: Desktop::Screen Savers: Seasonal Desktop Screen Saver - Free Download - Comes with our compliments from www.australianweddingprofessionals.com.au - Wedding Planners Function Coordinators Related keywords: Desktop Screen Saver Screen Savers wedding planners event organisers planners reception services wedding arrangers weddin Wedding Planners Function Coordinators Related Titles: Christmas Delight 1.0 - Christmas is one of the most wonderful holidays of the year.Spring Flourish Free Screensaver 2.0 - Spring Flourish Free screensaver will show you trees in blossom on your desktop. Christmas Holiday 3D Screensaver 1.03 - Turn it on and the holiday atmosphere of upcoming Christmas will surround you. Christmas Season 3D Screensaver 1.03 - This terrific 3D screensaver will help you feel the magic of the Holiday season. Xmas Time 3D Screensaver 1.0.4 - This terrific 3D screensaver will help you feel the magic of the Holiday season. Halloween Gourd 3D Screensaver 1.0.3 - Halloween Gourd 3D Screensaver is our Halloween contribution to everybody. Winter Screensavers 1.12 - Winter Screensavers bring you beautiful winter sceneries of snow to your desktop 3D Quiet Winter Screensaver 1.0.4 - Enjoy the amazing atmosphere of a quiet winter night with this screensaver! Christmas Screensaver 1.3 - Christmas Screensaver is a Free digital screensaver of a Winter landscape. Fireplace Screensaver 1.2 - Fireplace Screensaver is a completely Free animated screensaver of a fireplace Halloween Pumpkin 3D Screensaver 1.04 - Halloween Pumpkin 3D Screensaver is our Halloween contribution to everybody. Halloween House 3D Screensaver 1.03 - Animated Halloween 3D Screensaver |
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Company puts focus on the warfighter
Continued emphases on national security, warfighter protection and adaptive solutions for 21st-century warfare have immunized CACI International Inc. against the ravages of the recession.
2010 Top 100 rankings
Top 100 companies face an ever-changing market
Ethics rules expected to spur acquisitions
Stand up and embrace a changing market
Contractors find fertile fields abroad
Top 20 profiles
Top 100 methodology
The company landed at No. 16 on the Top 100, with $1.9 billion in prime contracts for government work in fiscal 2009.
Other measures also point to a successful year for the company, based in Arlington, Va. For its fiscal 2009, which ended June 30, 2009, net income rose by a double-digit margin, to $95.5 million, up nearly 15 percent from $83.3 million in 2008. Its contracts backlog stood at $7.8 billion, 11 percent higher than in 2008. Some $3.5 billion in submitted proposals remained under evaluation, and more than 80 percent of those would bring new business.
"Our growth rate continues to be double-digit," said CACI Chief Executive Officer and President Paul Cofoni. "That's both the top and bottom lines. It always goes back to clients and requirements. The ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have played to our competencies."
One of the company's core competencies is C4ISR, short for command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. CACI's C4ISR expertise is paying off, as the Defense Department intensifies its push for technologies that will give U.S. warfighters an advantage in an increasingly asymmetric and treacherous battle environment.
In March, CACI was awarded one of five prime contracts to support the Navy's Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command's command and control operations. The multiple-award, five-year indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) task-order contract has a three-year base and two one-year option periods, and it could amount to as much as $588 million. The award calls for CACI to enhance the command's communications and networking systems to enable warfighters to gain rapid, thorough access to mission-critical information.
A related agreement, also announced in March, involves the Navy. According to the terms of the $219 million deal, the company will provide C4ISR and business IT software and maintenance services to Spawar Systems Center Atlantic. CACI will provide development and integration support of software systems — collectively referred to as the Naval Tactical Command Support System — that automate logistics, supply, financial, maintenance and medical functions for ships, submarines, aviation squadrons and intermediate maintenance activities, afloat and ashore.
"Our adversaries are persistent, dogmatic and well funded," Cofoni said. "This is a generational conflict we're in. C4ISR is the way of the future: protection and safety of the warfighter. C4ISR provides leverage."
Finesse in cybersecurity and anti-improvised explosive device technologies also has been a boon. In August 2009, CACI was one of five recipients of a $494 million IDIQ contract from the Joint IED Defeat Organization. The contract expands the company's existing business with the organization, which leads counter-IED efforts for DOD.
Going forward, Cofoni said, DOD and intelligence-related business likely will continue to account for about 75 percent of CACI's revenues, with 20 percent coming from civilian federal agencies. Five percent remains concentrated in the United Kingdom, in the public and private sectors there.
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The Shakespeare Quartos Archive
About From homepage: The Shakespeare Quartos Archive is a digital collection of pre-1642 editions of William Shakespeare's plays. A cross-Atlantic collaboration has also... -
About From website: Project Runeberg (runeberg.org) is a volunteer effort to create free electronic editions of classic Nordic (Scandinavian) literature and make them openly... -
From the website: OpenThesis is a free repository of theses, dissertations, and other academic documents, coupled with powerful search, organization, and collaboration... -
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A database for humanities research, provided by the Humanities Society of New Zealand. -
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To Get the Right Answers about College: Ask the Right Questions
Description Return to Resource List
- Title
- To Get the Right Answers about College: Ask the Right Questions
- Reserve Bank
- St. Louis
In this lesson, students discuss the typical costs a college student faces. Students learn about the various types of education loans available. In the assessment, students complete an FAFSA form and write an essay that identifies a plan for obtaining money to cover college expenses.
Additional Information
Types |
Lesson Plans
Topic |
Personal Finance |
Target Audience |
Teachers |
Grade Level |
9-12 |
Keywords |
FAFSA forms, college loans, human capital |
Education Standards |