text:
Hillsboro, Oregon
Hillsboro, Oregon | ||
City | ||
From top: City Hall, Chief Kno-Tah, Main Street Bridge, fountain at The Streets of Tanasbourne, Downtown with Mount Hood and Tuality Hospital in the background, and Intel's Ronler Acres Campus |
Nickname(s): The Hub City | ||
Location of Hillsboro in the state of Oregon |
Coordinates: 45°31′22″N 122°59′23″W / 45.52278°N 122.98972°WCoordinates: 45°31′22″N 122°59′23″W / 45.52278°N 122.98972°W | ||
Country | United States | |
State | Oregon | |
County | Washington County | |
Incorporated | October 19, 1876 | |
Named for | David Hill | |
Government | ||
• Type | Council–manager | |
• Mayor | Jerry Willey | |
• City manager | Michael Brown | |
Area[1] | ||
• Total | 24.25 sq mi (62.8 km2) | |
• Land | 24.24 sq mi (62.8 km2) | |
• Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2) | |
Elevation | 194 ft (60 m) | |
Population (2010)[2] | ||
• Total | 91,611 | |
• Estimate (2012[3]) | 95,327 | |
• Rank | 1st in Washington County 5th in Oregon |
• Density | 3,833.1/sq mi (1,480.0/km2) | |
Time zone | PST (UTC-8) | |
• Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC-7) | |
ZIP codes | 97006, 97123, 97124 | |
Area code(s) | 503 and 971 | |
FIPS code | 41-34100[4] | |
GNIS feature ID | 1163049[5] | |
Demonym | Hillsboroans[6] | |
Website | www.hillsboro-oregon.gov |
Hillsboro is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and is the county seat of Washington County.[7] Lying in the Tualatin Valley on the west side of the Portland metropolitan area, the city hosts many high-technology companies, such as Intel, that comprise what has become known as the Silicon Forest. At the 2010 Census, the city's population was 91,611.[8]
For thousands of years before the arrival of European-American settlers, the Atfalati tribe of the Kalapuya lived in the Tualatin Valley near the later site of Hillsboro. The climate, moderated by the Pacific Ocean, helped make the region suitable for fishing, hunting, food gathering, and agriculture. Settlers founded a community here in 1842, later named after David Hill, an Oregon politician. Transportation by riverboat on the Tualatin River was part of Hillsboro's settler economy. A railroad reached the area in the early 1870s and an interurban electric railway about four decades later. These railways, as well as highways, aided the slow growth of the city to about 2,000 people by 1910 and about 5,000 by 1950, before the arrival of high-tech companies in the 1980s.
Hillsboro has a council–manager government consisting of a city manager and a city council headed by a mayor. In addition to high-tech industry, sectors important to Hillsboro's economy are health care, retail sales, and agriculture, including grapes and wineries. The city operates more than twenty parks and the mixed-use Hillsboro Stadium, and nine sites in the city are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Modes of transportation include private vehicles, public buses and light rail, and aircraft using the Hillsboro Airport. The city is home to Pacific University's Health Professions Campus. Notable residents include two Oregon governors.
The first people of the Tualatin Valley were the Atfalati or Tualaty tribe of the Kalapuya, who inhabited the region for up to 10,000 years before white settlers arrived. The valley consisted of open grassland maintained through annual burning by the Atfalati, with scattered groves of trees along the streams. The Kalapuya moved from place to place in good weather to fish and hunt and to gather nuts, seeds, roots, and berries. Important foods included camas and wapato, and the Atfalati traded for salmon from Chinookan tribes near Willamette Falls on the Willamette River. During the winter, they lived in longhouses in settled villages, some near what became Hillsboro and Beaverton. Their population was greatly reduced after contact in the late 18th century with Europeans, who carried smallpox, syphilis, and malaria. Of the original population of 1,000 to 2,000 Atfalati reported in 1780, only 65 remained in 1851. In 1855, the U.S. government sent the survivors to the Grande Ronde reservation further west.[9]
The European-American community was founded by David Hill, Isaiah Kelsey, and Richard Williams, who arrived in the Tualatin Valley in 1841, followed by six more pioneers in 1842.[10] The locality went by two other names—East Tualatin Plains and Columbia—before it was named "Hillsborough" in February 1850 in honor of Hill, when he sold part of his land claim to the county.[11] On February 5, 1850, commissioners chosen by the territorial legislature selected the community to be the seat of the county government.[11] Hill was to be paid $200 for his land after plots had been sold for the town site,[11] but he died before this occurred, and his widow Lucinda received the funds.[12] The town's name was later simplified to Hillsboro. A log cabin was built in 1853 to serve as the community's first school, which opened in October 1854.[13] Riverboats provided transportation to Hillsboro as early as 1867 when the side-wheel steamer Yamhill worked on the Tualatin River.[10]
In 1871, the Oregon and California Railroad line was extended to the area, but it ran just south of town because the city did not want to give the railroad land in exchange for the rail connection.[10] Hillsboro was incorporated as the Town of Hillsboro on October 19, 1876, by the Oregon Legislature.[14] The first mayor was A. Luelling, who took office on December 8, 1876, and served a one-year term.[15] Notable later mayors included Congressman Thomas H. Tongue (1882 and 1886) and state senator William D. Hare (1885).[15] On September 30, 1908, 5,000 people gathered as the Oregon Electric Railway opened a connection between the city and Portland with an interurban electric rail line, the first to reach the community.[16] In 1923, the city altered its charter and adopted a council-manager government with a six-person city council, a part-time mayor who determined major policies, and a city manager who ran day-to-day operations.[17]
A brick building was constructed in 1852 to house the county government, followed by a brick courthouse in 1873.[18] In 1891, the courthouse was remodeled and a clock tower was added,[19] and the building was expanded with an annex in 1912. A new courthouse replaced the brick structure in 1928. The last major remodel of the 1928 structure occurred in 1972, when the Justice Services Building was built and incorporated into the existing building.[18]
The city's first fire department was a hook and ladder company organized in 1880 by the board of trustees (now city council).[20] A drinking water and electricity distribution system added in 1892–93 gave the town three fire hydrants and minimal street lighting.[21] Hillsboro built its first sewer system in 1911, but sewage treatment was not added until 1936.[22] In 1913, the city built its own water system,[23] and the first library, Carnegie City Library, opened in December 1914.[24] From 1921 to 1952, the world's second-tallest radio tower stood on the south side of the city,[25] but in 1952, the wireless telegraph tower was demolished.
In 1972, the Hillsboro City Council passed a Green River Ordinance banning door-to-door solicitation, but it was ruled unconstitutional by the Oregon Supreme Court in a 1988 decision.[26] The court determined that the city ordinance was overly broad, in a case that was seen as a test case for many similar laws in the state.[26] In 1979, Intel opened its first facility in Hillsboro.[27] The Hawthorn Farm campus was followed by the Jones Farm campus adjacent to the airport in 1982, and finally by the Ronler Acres campus in 1994.[27] TriMet opened a Metropolitan Area Express (MAX) light rail line into the city in 1998. A cultural center was added in 2004, and a new city hall was completed in 2005. In 2008, SolarWorld opened a facility producing solar wafers, crystals, and cells, the largest plant of its kind in the Western Hemisphere.[28]
Registered Historic Places[edit]
Properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in and around Hillsboro include the Old Scotch Church, completed in 1876 north of the city.[29] Near the Orenco neighborhood is Imbrie Farm, which includes a house built in 1866 and the Frank Imbrie Barn, both of which McMenamins converted for use as a brewpub.[29][30] Built in 1935, the Harold Wass Ray House is near Intel's Hawthorn Farm campus.[29] Historic properties in downtown include the Zula Linklater House (completed 1923), Rice–Gates House (1890), Edward Schulmerich House (c. 1915), and Charles Shorey House (c. 1908).[29] The Richard and Helen Rice House is adjacent to the Sunset Highway on the north side of the city and houses the Rice Northwest Museum of Rocks and Minerals.[29] The Old Washington County Jail previously was at the Washington County Fairgrounds in the city,[29] but was restored and moved to the Washington County Museum outside the city in 2004, and was de-listed from the NRHP in 2008.[31][32] In 2007, the Manning–Kamna Farm was added to the NRHP and includes 10 buildings, dating to as early as 1883.[33]
Hillsboro is located at 45°31′22″N 122°59′23″W / 45.52278°N 122.98972°W.[5] The United States Census Bureau reports the city has a total area of 21.6 square miles (55.9 km2), all of which is land. In 2013, Hillsboro itself reported an area of 23.88 square miles (61.8 km2), equivalent to 15,283 acres (61.8 km2).[34] The city is located in the Tualatin Valley, and the Tualatin River forms part of the southern city limits. The city's terrain is fairly level, consistent with an agricultural past and the farms still in operation.[35][36] Hillsboro is about 17 miles (27 km) west of Portland and immediately west of Beaverton, at an elevation of 194 feet (59 m) above sea level.[5] In addition to the Tualatin River, streams include Dairy Creek, McKay Creek, Rock Creek, Dawson Creek, and Turner Creek. Neighboring communities in addition to Beaverton are Aloha, Cornelius, North Plains, Reedville, Scholls, and West Union.
Hillsboro's street system differs from many others in the county.[37] Most cities in Washington County use a numbering system and cardinal direction orientation based on a grid that begins at the Willamette River in downtown Portland, which was originally part of Washington County.[37] For example, the street names in Beaverton generally include Southwest (SW) prefixes because Beaverton lies in the southwest quadrant of the Portland grid. In Hillsboro, some county road names and addresses conform to the Portland grid instead of Hillsboro's internal cardinal direction grid,[38] and the city has been working to make addresses and streets within Hillsboro conform to the internal grid.[38][39]
The internal grid in Hillsboro centers on the downtown intersection of Main Street, which runs east–west, and First Avenue, which runs north–south. Most addresses within the city include a quadrant prefix: NW, NE, SW, or SE. Main Street is simply designated as East Main or West Main, and First Avenue is only North First or South First.[40] Addresses on the streets' south side and the avenues' east side have even numbers, while odd numbers are on the opposite side.[40] Hillsboro's street system contains 20 blocks per mile (12.5 blocks per kilometer).[40]
North–south through roadways are called avenues, while east–west roadways are called streets.[41] All cul-de-sacs are named as either places or courts.[41] Roads that curve can be named drives.[41] Non-city streets may not conform to these naming conventions.[38]
The city is divided into eight planning areas, each of which contains several neighborhoods.[42] The east planning area contains the Tanasbourne neighborhood and Oregon Health & Science University's West Campus.[42] The northeast planning area includes the Orenco, Orenco Station, Airport, and West Union neighborhoods.[42] Jackson School, Sunrise, and Glencoe neighborhoods lie in the northwest area,[42] and the Dennis, Garibaldi, and Connell neighborhoods are in the west area.[42] The central area includes the Downtown, Jackson Bottom, Henry, and Eastwood neighborhoods.[42] Blocks in the downtown core are 400 feet (120 m) long on each side.[43] The Minter Bridge, Rood Bridge, and River Road neighborhoods are in the south planning area;[42] the southeast area consists of the Reedville and Witch Hazel neighborhoods,[42] and the Brookwood planning area in the center of the city contains the Cedar, Bentley, and Brogden neighborhoods.[42]
Landmarks in Hillsboro include the Washington County Courthouse, the seat of county government.[44] Along the western edge of the city is Hillsboro Pioneer Cemetery, established in 1870, which serves as the final resting place of city pioneers and politicians.[45] Next to the airport is the Washington County Fair Complex, home to the annual county fair.[46] Located at Shute Park is the 25-foot (7.6 m) tall wood sculpture Chief Kno-Tah, donated to Hillsboro and dedicated in 1987 as part of Peter Wolf Toth's Trail of the Whispering Giants.[47][48][49][50]
Summers in Hillsboro are generally warm, but temperatures year-round are moderated by a marine influence from the Pacific Ocean.[51] The Willamette Valley in which Hillsboro lies receives the majority of its precipitation during the winter months, with the wettest period from November through March.[51] This occasionally includes snowfall.[52] Hillsboro receives precipitation on 161 days per year, on average.[53] The average yearly precipitation between 1930 and 1998 was 38 inches (970 mm).[54] August is the warmest month with an average high temperature of 81 °F (27 °C), while January is the coolest month with an average high of 46 °F (8 °C).[55] The highest recorded temperature, 108 °F (42 °C), occurred on July 19, 1956, and the lowest, −10 °F (−23 °C), occurred on January 31, 1950.[55]
Climate data for Hillsboro, Oregon | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °F (°C) | 46 (8) |
51 (11) |
56 (13) |
62 (17) |
68 (20) |
73 (23) |
80 (27) |
81 (27) |
76 (24) |
65 (18) |
52 (11) |
46 (8) |
63 (17.3) |
Average low °F (°C) | 35 (2) |
37 (3) |
39 (4) |
42 (6) |
46 (8) |
51 (11) |
55 (13) |
54 (12) |
49 (9) |
43 (6) |
39 (4) |
36 (2) |
43.8 (6.7) |
Precipitation inches (mm) | 5.76 (146.3) |
4.72 (119.9) |
3.93 (99.8) |
2.46 (62.5) |
1.90 (48.3) |
1.47 (37.3) |
0.60 (15.2) |
0.90 (22.9) |
1.55 (39.4) |
2.67 (67.8) |
5.90 (149.9) |
6.33 (160.8) |
38.19 (970.1) |
Source: The Weather Channel[55] |
Historical population | |||
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1880 | 402 |
1890 | 1,246 | 210.0% | |
1900 | 980 | −21.3% | |
1910 | 2,016 | 105.7% | |
1920 | 2,468 | 22.4% | |
1930 | 3,039 | 23.1% | |
1940 | 3,747 | 23.3% | |
1950 | 5,142 | 37.2% | |
1960 | 8,232 | 60.1% | |
1970 | 15,365 | 86.6% | |
1980 | 27,664 | 80.0% | |
1990 | 37,598 | 35.9% | |
2000 | 70,187 | 86.7% | |
2010 | 91,611 | 30.5% | |
Est. 2012 | 95,327 | 4.1% | |
2012 Estimate[57] |
Hillsboro's population grew from 402 in 1880 to 2,016 by 1910, making it the county's most populated city, according to 1910 census data.[58] By 1970, it had increased to more than 15,000, although neighboring Beaverton had overtaken it as the county's most populous city.[59] By 1990 there were more than 37,000 residents, and commuters raised this to 110,000 during daytime.[60][61] At the 2010 Census, the population was 91,611,[8] fifth in rank among the state's largest cities behind Portland, Eugene, Salem and Gresham and slightly ahead of Beaverton, which ranked sixth.[62] This figure was a 30.5 percent increase from Hillsboro's 70,186 residents in 2000, which made Hillsboro the fourth fastest-growing city in the state during the 2000s (decade), and the fastest-growing city in the Willamette Valley over the same period. In 2007, there were 17,126 houses lived in by their owners, with an average home price in the city of $246,900.[63] Bloomberg Businessweek listed the city as the fastest-growing in Oregon for the period between 1990 and 2010, for cities with populations over 10,000.[64][65]
2010 census[edit]
As of the census of 2010, there were 91,611 people, 33,289 households, and 22,440 families residing in the city. The population density was about 3,800 inhabitants per square mile (1,500 /km2). There were 35,487 housing units at an average density of about 1,500 per square mile (600 /km2). The racial makeup of the city was approximately 73% White, 2% African American, 1% Native American, 9% Asian, less than 1% Pacific Islander, 10% from other races, and 5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were about 23% of the population.[2]
There were 33,289 households of which about 38% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51% were married couples living together, 11% had a female householder with no husband present, 5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33% were non-families. About 24% of all households were made up of individuals and 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.24.[2]
The median age in the city was 32 years. About 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 35% were from 25 to 44; 21% were from 45 to 64; and 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.[2]
2000 census[edit]
At the time of the 2000 census, there were 25,079 households, of which about 38% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55% were married couples living together, 9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32% were non-families. About 23% of all households were made up of individuals and 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.8 and the average family size was 3.3.[2]
City residents included about 28% under the age of 18, 11% from 18 to 24, 37% from 25 to 44, 17% from 45 to 64, and 6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were about 106 males.[2]
The median household income was about $52,000 and the median family income was $57,000. Males had a median income of $41,000 compared to $30,000 for females.[2] The per capita income for the city was about $22,000.[2] Approximately 6% of families and 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11% of those under age 18 and 8% of those age 65 or over.[2] In 2007, 28% of people 25 and older held at least a bachelor's degree, while an additional 11% held an associate's degree.[63] Those with less than a high school diploma made up 15% of the population, and 22% of residents had more than a high school diploma but less than a college degree.[63]
Hillsboro | |
Crime rates (2012) | |
Crime type | Rate* |
Homicide: | 2 |
Robbery: | 52 |
Aggravated assault: | 92 |
Total Violent crime: | 180 |
Burglary: | 323 |
Larceny-theft: | 1,716 |
Motor vehicle theft: | 115 |
Arson: | 6 |
Total Property crime: | 2,154 |
Notes * Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. 2012 population: 94,119 |
Source: 2012 FBI UCR Data |
For the year 2011, the city had 180 violent crimes reported to law enforcement, and 2,154 reports of property crimes.[66] The violent crime rate was 157.2 per 100,000 people compared to a national average of 309.3[67] and 287 for Oregon.[68] Property crime nationally was 3,335[67] per 100,000 compared to 3,203 in Hillsboro, and 4,402 for the state.[68] Violent offenses include forcible rape, robbery, murder, non-negligent manslaughter, and aggravated assault. Property crimes include arson, motor vehicle theft, larceny, and burglary.[66] Statistics published by the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission showed a slight downward trend in the Washington County crime rate between 1991 and 2005. The rate for index crimes, a group comprising the combined violent offenses and property crimes mentioned above, was 3,930 per 100,000 in 1991 and rose to 4,440 per 100,000 in 1997 before falling to 3,410 per 100,000 in 2005.[69]
Employer | Employees (October2013)[70] |
1. Intel | 16,250 |
2. Wells Fargo | 1,275 |
3. TriQuint Semiconductor | 982 |
4. SolarWorld | 758 |
5. FEI Company | 440 |
6. Maxim Integrated Products | 431 |
7. Yahoo! | 400 |
7. Acumed | 400 |
9. Oregon National Primate Research Center | 380 |
10. Applied Materials | 370 |
Manufacturing is the leading employment sector in Hillsboro, employing 24% of the workforce, followed by health care, education, and social services with a total of 15%.[63] One example of a manufacturer headquartered in Hillsboro is Beaverton Foods, a family-owned condiment manufacturer since 1929, with 70+ employees and $25 million in annual sales; it moved to its current headquarters in 2001.[71] Retail employment constitutes 12%, construction makes up 7%, and 13% of workers are employed in the administrative, scientific, professional, or waste management industries.[63] Sixty-eight percent of workers commute alone to the workplace, and eight percent use public transportation.[63] The average one-way commute time is about 24 minutes.[63]
Many technology companies operate in Hillsboro, making it the center of Oregon's Silicon Forest.[72][73] In particular, Intel's[74] largest site is in Hillsboro, and includes three large campuses: Ronler Acres, Jones Farm, and Hawthorn Farm, along with several smaller campuses that employ about 16,000 workers.[75] Other high-tech companies operating facilities in Hillsboro include Yahoo!,[76] Credence Systems, Synopsys, Epson,[77] Salesforce,[78] and Sun Microsystems High-End Operations. Hillsboro is the corporate headquarters for TriQuint Semiconductor,[75] Lattice Semiconductor, RadiSys, and Planar Systems among others.[79]
In 2006, Genentech announced plans to locate a packaging and distribution facility on 100 acres (0.40 km2) in Hillsboro.[80] The $400 million facility opened in 2010, which Oregon officials hoped would eventually also be used for research and development for the biotechnology company.[81] Other biotech or medical companies based in Hillsboro include FEI Company and Acumed.[82]
The city is also a landing point on three fiber optic cable systems linking the United States across the Pacific Ocean: C2C, Southern Cross Cable, and VSNL Transpacific. These cable landings, lower energy costs, and tax breaks led to a boom of data centers being built starting about 2010.[83] Data centers include those for Adobe, NetApp, Umpqua Bank, and Fortune Data Centers.[83]
Hillsboro serves as the corporate headquarters for Rodgers Instruments, ClearEdge Power, Soloflex, Norm Thompson Outfitters, Eid Passport, and Parr Lumber, among others. Fujitsu and NEC Corporation formerly had factories in Hillsboro.[84]
The Hatfield Government Center in Hillsboro is the western terminus of the MAX Blue Line, part of the Portland metropolitan area's light-rail system.[85] The presence of MAX prompted the development of the pedestrian-oriented community of Orenco Station within Hillsboro.[86][87] (See also: Orenco, Oregon.) Orenco Station was called the Best Planned Community of 1999 by the National Association of Home Builders.[88] It was also named "Best new burb" by Sunset magazine in 2006.[89] Hillsboro overall was listed on CNN Money Magazine's list of best places to live in 2010 for cities with populations between 50,000 and 300,000 residents.[90] The city came in at 92, the highest ranking for any city in the state.[90]
Hillsboro's primary commercial cores are concentrated along Tualatin Valley Highway and Cornell Road. Additionally, the Tanasbourne neighborhood is a regional shopping area on the eastern edge of the city.[91] The neighborhood is home to the lifestyle shopping center The Streets of Tanasbourne.[92] The $55 million outdoor complex with 368,000 square feet (34,200 m2) of retail space opened in 2004 with Meier & Frank (later Macy's) as the anchor tenant.[91][92]
The other large shopping center in the city is The Sunset Esplanade, located along Tualatin Valley Highway.[93] In November 2005, the world's largest Costco, a warehouse club store, opened in Hillsboro.[94] The store, with 205,000 square feet (19,000 m2) of floor space, is about 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2) bigger than the average Costco.[95]
Wineries near the city include Oak Knoll Winery, established in 1970, the oldest and largest winery in Washington County.[96][97] Helvetia Winery & Vineyards to the north of Hillsboro started in the 1980s.[53] Wineries to the south include Gypsy Dancer Estates Winery and Raptor Ridge.[98] Local wines include pinot noir, pinot gris, and chardonnay.[99]
Within the city are three commercial movie theaters with a total of 30 screens. This includes the Venetian Theatre that re-opened at the site of the old Town Theater in 2008.[100] The Oregon Chorale (a 60-person symphonic choir),[101] a men's barbershop chorus,[102] the Hillsboro Symphony Orchestra, and the Hillsboro Artists' Regional Theatre are also located in Hillsboro.[103] The orchestra was founded in 2001 under the direction of Stefan Minde.[104] In 2004, the city opened the Glenn & Viola Walters Cultural Arts Center in a remodeled church in downtown.[79] The center provides space for galleries and performances, as well as classrooms for art instruction.[79] The Rice Northwest Museum of Rocks and Minerals is located on the northern edge of the city.[105] The Washington County Museum returned to downtown Hillsboro in 2012 when it moved into the Civic Center.[106]
Hillsboro operates two library branches. Opened in 2007 after a smaller location was closed, the 38,000-square-foot (3,500 m2) main branch is located in the north-central section of the city.[107] The older, smaller second branch is in Shute Park in the southwest area of the city. The Hillsboro libraries are part of Washington County Cooperative Library Services, which allows residents to use other libraries in the county and includes interlibrary loans.[108]
AM radio station KUIK, the twice-weekly Hillsboro Argus newspaper, and the Hillsboro Tribune are based in Hillsboro. The Argus is published on Tuesday and Friday, and has been in circulation since 1873.[109] KUIK is a 5,000-watt station broadcasting at the 1360 frequency. The Tribune started in September 2012 and publishes twice per month.[110] The city is also served by Portland area media outlets including The Oregonian, Willamette Week, and all broadcast stations.[60]
Hillsboro's Department of Parks and Recreation operates more than 20 facilities, including Hillsboro Stadium. There are 23 parks, two sports complexes, the Walters Cultural Arts Center, the Shute Park Aquatic & Recreation Center, and three other mixed-use facilities.[111] The city also owns the Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve along the Tualatin River on the south side of the community.[112][113] South of city is Bald Peak State Scenic Viewpoint, which is day-use only, and is the closest state park to Hillsboro. L.L. "Stub" Stewart Memorial State Park is the closest full-service state park.
Local golf courses include The Reserve Vineyards and Golf Club (36 holes) that was completed in 1997, Meriwether National Golf Course (27 holes) established in 1961, and the 9-hole McKay Creek Golf Course that was built in 1995.[113] Other courses in the area include Killarney West Golf Club (9 holes), Rock Creek Country Club (18 holes), Forest Hills Country Club (18 holes), and Pumpkin Ridge Golf Club (36 holes).
Hillsboro's annual Fourth of July Parade is the second-largest Independence Day parade in Oregon.[114][115] The Oregon International Air Show, Oregon's largest air show, is held each year during the summer at the Hillsboro Airport.[63] Each summer the city offers a free concert series at Shute Park (Showtime at Shute),[116] while the Washington County Fair is held annually at the county fairgrounds adjacent to the airport.[117]
Two farmers' markets operate in the city, a Saturday one in downtown and a Sunday one in Orenco Station, both operating from May to October.[63] The Saturday market began in 1982 and sells arts and crafts, food, produce, and plants.[118] On Tuesdays during the summer, the Hillsboro Markets operates a market that sells craftwork, food, and artwork downtown.[63] Additionally, a similar market operates on Wednesdays from June through August in the Tanasbourne neighborhood.[119]
The city has one professional sports team, the Hillsboro Hops of the Northwest League, a Minor League Baseball club affiliated with the Arizona Diamondbacks. The baseball team relocated from Yakima, Washington in 2012 and began play as the Hops on June 14, 2013, with its inaugural home game at the new Hillsboro Ballpark on June 17.[120]
Hillsboro operates under a council–manager form of city government. Voters elect six at-large councilors and a mayor, who each serve four-year terms, subject to a charter-imposed limitation of two consecutive terms.[121] The mayor and council appoint a city manager to conduct the ordinary business of the city. Policy decisions are the responsibility of the council and mayor. Administrative functions are carried out by the manager and manager-appointed staff.[122] Government functions are centered at the Hillsboro Civic Center, which houses the office of the city manager and is the location of the twice-monthly city council meetings.[121] As of January 2014, Jerry Willey was mayor with Darell Lumaco, Megan Braze, Olga Acuña, Steve Callaway, Fred Nachtigal, and Aron Carleson as the city councilors.[123] Michael Brown serves as the city's manager.[124]
Hillsboro operates its own library system, fire department, parks department, water system, and police department.[60] The Hillsboro Fire Department has five stations, and the Hillsboro Police Department operates two standard precincts and a mobile precinct.[60][125][126] Wastewater treatment is provided through the county-wide Clean Water Services.
At the federal level, Hillsboro lies in Oregon's 1st congressional district, represented by Suzanne Bonamici.[127] In the State Senate, Hillsboro is in District 15, represented by Bruce Starr, District 13, represented by Larry George, and District 12 represented by Brian Boquist. In the House, Districts 24 (Jim Weidner), 26 (John Davis), 29 (Ben Unger) and 30 (Joe Gallegos) cover the city.[128] Parts of county commissioner districts 1 (Dick Schouten), 2 (Desari Strader), and 4 (Andy Duyck) overlap the city.[129] In addition, Hillsboro lies within District 4 (Kathryn Harrington) of the Metro regional government.[130]
Public schools in Hillsboro are operated by the Hillsboro School District (1J). The district is a unified school district with twenty-three elementary schools, four middle schools, and four high schools.[63] The district also operates the Miller Education Center, an alternative school, the Hare Field athletic complex, and City View Charter School.[131] The school district covers Hillsboro, Scholls, Reedville, North Plains, West Union, and other surrounding communities.[63] Total enrollment as of 2012 was 20,903 students, making it the fourth largest district in the state.[132] The four traditional public high schools are, in order of creation:
Name | Current campus | Enrollment (2012–13)[133] | Nickname |
Hillsboro High School | 1969 | 1,315 | Spartans |
Glencoe High School | 1980 | 1,601 | Crimson Tide |
Century High School | 1997 | 1,608 | Jaguars |
Liberty High School | 2003 | 1,386 | Falcons |
Post-secondary educational opportunities include the west campus of Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU)[134] while Pacific University operates a satellite Health Professions Campus in downtown adjacent to Tuality Community Hospital.[63] The OHSU site was formerly that of the Oregon Graduate Institute (now OGI School of Science and Engineering) and the Oregon National Primate Research Center portions of OHSU. Other educational opportunities are available at the Work Force Training Center (Portland Community College) and a branch of the University of Phoenix. Hillsboro is home to private primary and secondary schools including Faith Bible High School, St. Matthew Catholic School, Tualatin Valley Academy, Swallowtail School, and Renaissance Alternative School, among others.[135]
Public transportation is available by bus and light rail, managed by regional transit agency TriMet.[63] The first MAX light rail line, now known as the Blue Line, was extended to serve Hillsboro on September 12, 1998.[136] The western terminus is located downtown. The Willow Creek and Hillsboro transit centers (TC) are the main hubs of the public transit system, although seven other MAX stations provide varying degrees of bus interconnection. MAX Stations (west to east) are the Hatfield Government Center, Hillsboro Central TC, Tuality Hospital, Washington/Southeast 12th Avenue, Fair Complex / Hillsboro Airport, Hawthorn Farm, Orenco, Quatama, and Willow Creek TC. Located next to the Tuality Hospital station is the Hillsboro Intermodal Transit Facility, which opened in 2010 and was jointly paid for by the hospital, Pacific University, and the city.[137] The facility is primarily a parking garage, but includes lockers and showers for bicyclists along with electric vehicle charging stations.[138]
Freight rail service from Portland and Western Railroad with interconnections to the BNSF Railway and the Union Pacific Railroad both serve Hillsboro.[139] The city is not served by passenger rail service over a heavy-rail line.[60] Air travel is available at the Hillsboro Airport in the center of the city and at Stark's Twin Oaks Airpark, a general aviation field south of the city. The Hillsboro Airport is a general aviation airport operated by the Port of Portland, and is the second-busiest airport in the state after Portland International Airport.[140] The airport mainly serves private pilots and corporate flights, with no scheduled airline flights from its two runways, but does have an on-call customs service.[60][141]
Oregon Route 8, known locally as the Tualatin Valley Highway (TV Highway), is the primary east–west highway.[75] U.S. Route 26, also known as the Sunset Highway, bisects the northeast corner of the city. Other major east–west roads are Cornell Road and Main Street / Baseline Road.[60] Major north–south routes are Oregon Route 219 / 1st Street, 10th Street / Cornell Road, Cornelius Pass Road, and Brookwood.[60] The easternmost north–south route, 185th Avenue, borders Beaverton and runs between the Tanasbourne Town Center and the rest of Hillsboro. TV Highway connects to Cornelius and Forest Grove to the west and Beaverton to the east.
Health care[edit]
Hospital services in the city are provided by Tuality Community Hospital in the downtown area of the city.[63] Opened in 1918 as the city's first hospital,[142] the 167-bed facility is operated by Tuality Healthcare. Other significant medical facilities include Kaiser Permanente's Sunset Medical Office and Providence Health & Services' immediate care center, both in the Tanasbourne neighborhood. Kaiser Permanente also opened the Kaiser Westside Medical Center, a 126-bed hospital in 2013, next to its Sunset Medical Office.[143] The Department of Veterans Affairs opened a medical clinic in the Tanasbourne area in 2008.[144]
Notable people[edit]
For more than 150 years, the city has had residents as varied as David Hill, the city's founder, to Tiffeny Milbrett, an Olympic and World Cup champion soccer player.[145] Two governors of Oregon, James Withycombe and Paul L. Patterson, have called the city home.[146] Other politicians included Congressmen Thomas H. Tongue and Samuel Thurston; mayors William N. Barrett, Benjamin P. Cornelius, and William D. Hare, patriarch of the Hare political family.[45] Athletes include Erik Ainge, Scott Brosius, Ad Rutschman, Wes Schulmerich, Wally Backman, and Olympic medalists Josh Inman, Thomas Garrigus, and Jean Saubert. Hillsboro has also been home to Peggy Y. Fowler, the former chief executive officer of Portland General Electric, producer Bryce Zabel, the "Mother Queen of Oregon" Mary Ramsey Wood, Tommy Overstreet, and professional wrestler Roddy Piper.[147]
Sister city[edit]
Hillsboro's only sister city relationship is with Fukuroi,[148] a city of about 85,000 residents in the Shizuoka Prefecture in central Japan. The cities, which have similar economic bases in agriculture and high technology, began their relationship in November 1988.[149] The relationship has included exchanges of students between schools in each city.[150] In the late 2000s, Hillsboro unsuccessfully explored finding a sister city in Mexico[151] and also neglected the relationship with Fukuroi.[152] However, in 2008, a Fukuroi contingent of adults visited Hillsboro to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Sister City agreement.[153]
- ^ "US Gazetteer files 2013". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Oregon's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Hillsboro". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. November 28, 1980. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
- ^ "Hillsboroans receive Chavez scholarships". The Hillsboro Argus. May 26, 2009.
- ^ "Oregon". About Counties. National Association of Counties. 2005. Archived from the original on June 7, 2008.
- ^ a b "Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 more information 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau.
- ^ Tualatin Riverkeepers (2002). Exploring the Tualatin River Basin. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press. pp. 21–23. ISBN 0-87071-540-2.
- ^ a b c Buan, Carolyn M. (1999). This Far-Off Sunset Land: A Pictorial History of Washington County, Oregon. Virginia Beach, Virginia: Donning Company Publishers. ISBN 1-57864-037-7.
- ^ a b c "Washington County Probate Court Records". Provisional & Territorial Records (Washington County Probate Court). Film 24 (Reel 15): 10. February 5, 1850.
- ^ "Washington County Probate Court Records". Provisional & Territorial Records (Washington County Probate Court). Film 24 (Reel 15): 39. August 1850.
- ^ Philpott, Betty (October 19, 1976). "Hillsboro school began in one-room log cabin in 1854". The Hillsboro Argus.
- ^ Baker, Frank C. (1891). "Special Laws". The Laws of Oregon, and the Resolutions and Memorials of the Sixteenth Regular Session of the Legislative Assembly Thereof (Salem, Oregon: State Printer): 770.
- ^ a b "The Hub: Mayors City of Hillsboro". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 6.
- ^ "Links Together County Seats". The Oregonian. October 1, 1908. p. 6.
- ^ "The Hub: Council-manager form works well". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 2.
- ^ a b "Washington County History". Oregon County Historical Records Guide. Oregon State Archives. Retrieved February 2, 2008.
- ^ "A Brief History". The Washington County Courthouse. Oregon Judicial Department. Archived from the original on August 10, 2007.
- ^ "The Hub: Hook-ladder Company authorized by trustees". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 12.
- ^ Buan, Carolyn M. This Far-Off Sunset Land: A Pictorial History of Washington County, Oregon. pp. 133–142.
- ^ "The Hub: Council establishes first sewer district". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 2.
- ^ "The Hub: Officials display foresight in water system". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 4.
- ^ Engen, Edna (October 19, 1976). "The Hub: Culture, knowledge brought to community by new library". The Hillsboro Argus. p. 15.
- ^ "Communications: World's second-largest tower relayed wireless messages". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 8.
- ^ a b Leeson, Fred (September 21, 1988). "High court strikes down anti-peddler ordinance". The Oregonian. p. A1.
- ^ a b Bittner, Werner (July 16, 2000). "Intel's evolution in Oregon". The Oregonian. p. A14.
- ^ Read, Richard (October 11, 2008). "Oregon prepares to switch on SolarWorld factory in Hillsboro". The Oregonian. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f "Oregon National Register List" (PDF). Oregon Department of Parks and Recreation. January 5, 2009. p. 47. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
- ^ "Cornelius Pass Roadhouse" (PDF). McMenamins'. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007.
- ^ Mandel, Michelle (May 13, 2004). "West Zoner: A lockup to lure 'em in". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ "January 2, 2009". National Register of Historic Places Listings. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
- ^ Trappen, Michelle (October 26, 2007). "Farm near Hillsboro named historic". The Oregonian.
- ^ "Hillsboro Budget in Brief 2013-14". Documents. City of Hillsboro. October 17, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
- ^ "Relations of Tualatin River Water Temperatures to Natural and Human–Caused Factor" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. 1997. Retrieved November 20, 2007.
- ^ Mandel, Michelle (July 20, 2000). "West Zoner: Pioneers paved way for growth". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ a b Tsao, Emily (November 21, 2002). "Southwest Zoner: Scrambled directions no joke in an emergency". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ a b c Bermudez, Esmeralda (April 29, 2004). "West Zoner: Reedville readies for readdressing". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ Anderson, David R. (April 20, 2000). "West Zoner: 113 ways to bring Hillsboro to 2020". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ a b c "12.24.040 Numbering system". Hillsboro Municipal Code. City of Hillsboro. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
- ^ a b c "12.22.010 Designation of street names and numbers". Hillsboro Municipal Code. City of Hillsboro. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Hillsboro Planning Subareas" (PDF). City of Hillsboro. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007.
- ^ Colby, Richard N. (February 23, 1995). "West Zoner: Making tracks into the future". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ Smith, Jill (November 4, 2004). "West Zoner Beaverton: Art straddles boundary between past, present". The Oregonian. p. 2.
- ^ a b "Life Styles: Historic names mark old gravestones". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 5.
- ^ "The Washington County Fair Complex". Washington County Fair Complex. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
- ^ Keepfer, Scott (June 25, 2002). "Finding the Toths". The Greenville News. p. 3D.
- ^ Geeslin, Ned; Cable Neuhaus (September 5, 1988). "Peter Toth has heads–up works in every state, so Canada is next". People (Time Inc.): 133.
- ^ "Chief Kno-Tah". Parks & Recreation. City of Hillsboro. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
- ^ Chidester, Bill (September 29, 1987). "'No-Tah' statue dedicated". The Hillsboro Argus (PDF ).
- ^ a b Taylor, George. "The Climate of Oregon". Oregon Climate Service. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007.
- ^ Taylor, George H; Hannan, Chris (1999). The Climate of Oregon: From Rain Forest to Desert. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. p. 51. ISBN 0-87071-468-6.
- ^ a b Go, Alison (October 1, 2007). "Best Places to Retire: Hillsboro, Oregon". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on November 24, 2008.
- ^ "Hillsboro station daily precipitation". Oregon Climate Service. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007.
- ^ a b c "Monthly Averages for Hillsboro, Oregon". The Weather Channel Interactive, Inc. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
- ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved September 25, 2013.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". Retrieved September 25, 2013.
- ^ Moffat, Riley Moore (1996). Population History of Western U.S. Cities and Towns, 1850-1990. Scarecrow Press. p. 211.
- ^ "The Hub: County population neared 6,000 century ago". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Hillsboro Community Profile". Oregon Economic & Community Development Department. Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008.
- ^ "Two Mayors, Two Visions: How Conversations Can Change Communities". Friday Forums Archive for July 14, 2006. City Club of Portland.
- ^ Row, D.K. (February 23, 2011). "Interpreting Oregon's population shift from the 2010 Census". The Oregonian.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Hillsboro Snapshot". The Oregonian. October 28, 2007.
- ^ "America's Fastest-Growing Cities 2010: Fastest-growing City in Oregon: Hillsboro". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^ Wong, Venessa (January 28, 2010). "Texas Leads U.S. in High-Growth Cities". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
- ^ a b "Table 8: Oregon: Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City, 2012". 2012: Crime in the United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
- ^ a b "Table 2: Crime in the United States by Community Type, 2006". 2006: Crime in the United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 2007. Archived from the original on October 10, 2007.
- ^ a b "Table 4: Crime in the United States by Region, Geographic Division, and State, 2005–2006". 2006: Crime in the United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 2007. Archived from the original on October 10, 2007.
- ^ "Interactive display of crime and arrest data for the State of Oregon". Oregon Crime Data. Oregon Criminal Justice Commission. Retrieved January 30, 2009. To view the Washington County statistics, select "Washington County" on the first interactive screen and "Summary Rates" on the second screen. For ease of comparison, rates given as crimes per 10,000 have been converted to crimes per 100,000 by multiplying by 10.
- ^ "Top Employers in Hillsboro" (PDF). Economic Development. City of Hillsboro. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ Siemers, Erik (January 14, 2011). "Beaverton Foods Spices Up Sales". Portland Business Journal. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
- ^ Silverman, Julia (June 1, 2003). "Town closes schools early to save money". Houston Chronicle.
- ^ Frank, Ryan (November 3, 2003). "Hillsboro police fold high-tech crime team". The Oregonian. p. B2.
- ^ Tims, Dana (October 10, 2002). "Southwest Zoner: Bedroom communities no more". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ a b c Suh, Elizabeth (October 28, 2007). "Intel's impact on community helps other businesses thrive". The Oregonian. p. S9.
- ^ "Yahoo! to open customer service center in Hillsboro". KATU. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
- ^ "About Epson Portland Inc.". Epson Portland Inc. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
- ^ Rogoway, Mike (February 26, 2013). "Salesforce picks Hillsboro for big Oregon outpost". The Oregonian. Oregon Live LLC. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
- ^ a b c Suh, Elizabeth (January 27, 2008). "Local News: Hillsboro: Big companies and big events". The Oregonian. p. S03.
- ^ "Genentech picks Hillsboro". Portland Business Journal. March 17, 2006. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ Rogoway, Mike (April 5, 2010). "Genentech opens in Hillsboro, fueling Oregon's biotech aspirations". The Oregonian. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
- ^ "2006 Annual Report" (PDF). FEI Company. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
- ^ a b Siemers, Erik (October 21, 2011). "Hillsboro's data center surge". Portland Business Journal. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
- ^ Read, Richard (March 7, 2004). "Racing the world". The Oregonian. p. A1.
- ^ Smith, Jill Rehkopf (November 2, 2006). "Metro West Neighbors: The early line on light rail". The Oregonian. p. 14.
- ^ Oliver, Gordon (July 13, 1999). "Mixed results for MAX's ultimate test". The Oregonian. p. B1.
- ^ Oliver, Gordon; Don Hamilton (September 13, 1998). "Eager crowds make tracks to and from Hillsboro". The Oregonian. p. A1.
- ^ Potter, Connie (June 19, 2003). "New Home Monthly: Builder Profile: For Rudy Kadlub, the name of the game is 'Newubanism'". The Oregonian. p. 12.
- ^ Levin, Rachel. "Best new burb: Orenco Station". Sunset. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
- ^ a b Schmidt, Brad (July 12, 2010). "Hillsboro and Beaverton rank in CNN's top 100 places to live". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
- ^ a b Bermudez, Esmeralda (November 16, 2006). "Tanasbourne Hitting new heights". The Oregonian. p. 17.
- ^ a b Kirk, Patricia L. (May 1, 2004). "Portland's Progress". Retail Traffic. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^ Mayes, Steve (November 30, 1989). "Sunset Esplanade center to be sold for more than $20 million". The Oregonian. p. D1.
- ^ Ryan, Joshua (December 7, 2005). "The Day After". Willamette Week. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^ "Costco Supersizes Warehouse". BNET Business News. December 19, 2005. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
- ^ Brink, Benjamin (December 14, 2000). "West Zoner: Founder of the Oak Knoll Winery". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ Mandel, Michelle (May 4, 2006). "Metro West Neighbors: Sweet sip of cuccess". The Oregonian. p. 12.
- ^ "West Zoner: Wine Country passport". The Oregonian. November 28, 2002. p. 2.
- ^ "FoodDay 2005 Oregon Wineries Spring Guide: Northern Willamette Valley 2". The Oregonian. May 24, 2005. p. 14.
- ^ Gordanier, Susan (July 11, 2008). "Venetian Theatre opens (at last)". The Oregonian. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ Puterbaugh, Candy (August 2, 2007). "Metro South Neighbors: Group offers more than singalongs". The Oregonian. p. 17.
- ^ Campbell, Polly (July 8, 2004). "West Zoner: Concerts bring crowds to Hillsboro park". The Oregonian. p. 2.
- ^ "Think minutes, not hours, in finding entertainment". The Oregonian. October 28, 2007. p. S10.
- ^ "West Zoner: Highlights, lowlights and other dubious achievements of the year 2001". The Oregonian. December 27, 2001. p. 1.
- ^ Hansen, Ellen (November 8, 2005). "Museum aims to spread the word about rocks". Portland Tribune.
- ^ Redden, Jim (October 19, 2012). "Reaching for the stars". Hillsboro Tribune. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
- ^ Suh, Elizabeth (September 20, 2007). "Metro West Neighbors: Residents flock to new main library east of Hillsboro airport". The Oregonian. p. 9.
- ^ "Welcome to the Hillsboro Public Library". Hillsboro Public Library. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
- ^ Turnbull, George Stanley (1939). History of Oregon Newspapers. Portland, Oregon: Binfords & Mort. pp. 212–18.
- ^ Culverwell, Wendy (August 24, 2012). "Pamplin taps into growing Hillsboro market". Portland Business Journal. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
- ^ "Our Parks". Parks & Recreation. City of Hillsboro. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
- ^ Foyston, John (May 15, 2008). "Metro Southwest Neighbors: Nature educator loves seeing children explore". The Oregonian. p. 9.
- ^ a b Fitzgibbon, Joe (October 26, 2008). "Recreation: Whatever your game, city has it". The Oregonian.
- ^ "4th of July Parade". Hillsboro Rotary Club. 2002–07. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
- ^ Loughran, Siobhan (June 29, 1990). "A guide to a family Fourth of July". The Oregonian. p. E1.
- ^ Campbell, Polly (July 8, 2004). "Concerts bring crowds to Hillsboro park". The Oregonian.
- ^ Gorman, Kathleen (October 11, 2007). "Preliminary fairgrounds plan mixes old and new". The Oregonian.
- ^ "Saturday Market". Hillsboro Farmers' Market. Hillsboro Markets. Retrieved June 12, 2010.
- ^ "Farmer Market Expands to Tanasbourne". The Hillsboro Argus. May 7, 2010. Retrieved June 12, 2010.
- ^ Redden, Jim (October 16, 2012). "Baseball team now Hillsboro Hops". Portland Tribune. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
- ^ a b "Hillsboro City Council Meeting Information". City of Hillsboro. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
- ^ "Chapter VIII Appointive Officers". Hillsboro Municipal Code. Quality Code Publishing. Retrieved December 14, 2008.
- ^ "The Mayor and City Council". Hillsboro City Council. City of Hillsboro. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
- ^ Parks, Casey (August 17, 2011). "Hillsboro says goodbye to interim manager Bruce Warner, hello to new manager Michael Brown". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ "Incorporated Cities: Hillsboro". Oregon Blue Book. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved October 6, 2007.
- ^ Eckert, Kurt (August 5, 2010). "New Cherry Lane fire house seeds future for expansion". The Hillsboro Argus. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
- ^ "Suzanne Bonamici wins decisively in Oregon special". Politico. 2/1/12 10:07 AM EST. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ "2013 Seventy-Sixth Legislative Assembly State Senate and House" (PDF). Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
- ^ "Map of Board of Commissioner Districts". Washington County. Archived from the original on June 15, 2007.
- ^ "Councilor Kathryn Harrington". Metro. Retrieved September 26, 2007.
- ^ "Your Schools: City View Charter School". The Oregonian. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
- ^ "Oregon K-12 Enrollment Numbers Up Slightly". Oregon Department of Education. February 7, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
- ^ "Aggregated Report Card District Data: Hillsboro SD 1J". Oregon Department of Education. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
- ^ "West Campus". Oregon Health & Sciences University. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
- ^ "Washington County Private Schools". The Oregonian. June 27, 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
- ^ Oliver, Gordon; Don Hamilton (September 9, 1998). "Go west young MAX". The Oregonian. p. C1.
- ^ Gordanier, Susan (February 13, 2009). "Parking garage coming to health campus". The Hillsboro Argus. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
- ^ Parks, Casey (March 19, 2010). "Hillsboro hopes its electric charging stations entice alternative-energy industry". The Oregonian. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
- ^ "Portland & Western Railroad". Genesee & Wyoming. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
- ^ Bermudez, Esmeralda (July 19, 2006). "Two growth patterns, one worry". The Oregonian. p. C1.
- ^ Potter, Connie (May 25, 1989). "West Zoner: Hillsboro Airport to get customs service operation". The Oregonian. p. 4.
- ^ "Business and Industry: Tuality Hospital begins in home". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 10.
- ^ Wang, Amy (August 29, 2013). "Maternity unit tour: Kaiser Permanente Westside Medical Center". The Oregonian. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
- ^ Crepeau, Megan (February 12, 2009). "VA clinic will host open house of new facilities". The Oregonian. Retrieved February 16, 2009.
- ^ Haight, Abby (September 29, 2005). "Soccer notebook OSU to play 'exciting' Pilots, 'always ready' Vikings". The Oregonian. p. D3.
- ^ "Historic Potpourri: County governors both die in office". The Hillsboro Argus. October 19, 1976. p. 4.
- ^ Dundas, Zach (May 16, 2001). "Return of the Piper". Willamette Week. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ "Graphics". The Oregonian. November 13, 2008. p. R15.
- ^ Potter, Connie (December 1, 1988). "Hillsboro, Fukuroi sign sister-city pact". The Oregonian. p. MW9.
- ^ Potter, Connie (April 23, 1992). "West Zoner: Hillsboro students eager for trip to Japan". The Oregonian. p. 8.
- ^ Bermudez, Esmeralda (July 28, 2006). "Mayor crossing border for broader view". The Oregonian. p. B3.
- ^ Parks, Casey (August 23, 2007). "Metro East Neighbors: Sister city status with China city hits snags". The Oregonian. p. 1.
- ^ Gordanier, Susan (March 24, 2009). "The Hillsboro Argus: Fukuroi Teens Taste Hillsboro Hospitality". The Hillsboro Argus. p. A1.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hillsboro, Oregon. |
- Greater Hillsboro Area Chamber of Commerce
- Hillsboro Historical Society
- Map (PDF) – Oregon Department of Transportation


text:
IBM Systems Network Architecture
Systems Network Architecture (SNA) is IBM's proprietary networking architecture, created in 1974.[1] It is a complete protocol stack for interconnecting computers and their resources. SNA describes the protocol and is, in itself, not a single piece of software. The implementation of SNA takes the form of various communications packages, most notably Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM), the mainframe package for SNA communications.
SNA was made public as part of IBM's "Advanced Function for Communications" announcement in September, 1974, which included the implementation of the SNA/SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control) protocols on new communications products:
They were supported by IBM 3704/3705 communication controllers and their Network Control Program, and by System/370 and their VTAM and other software such as CICS and IMS. This announcement was followed by another announcement in July, 1975, which introduced the IBM 3760 data entry station, the IBM 3790 communication system, and the new models of the IBM 3270 display system.
SNA was mainly designed by the IBM Systems Development Division laboratory in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA, helped by other laboratories that implemented SNA/SDLC. The details were later made public by IBM's System Reference Library manuals and IBM Systems Journal.
SNA is still used extensively in banks and other financial transaction networks, as well as in many government agencies. While IBM is still providing support for SNA, one of the primary pieces of hardware, the 3745/3746 communications controller, has been withdrawn from the market by IBM. There are an estimated 20,000[when?] of these controllers installed however, and IBM continues to provide hardware maintenance service and microcode features to support users. A robust market of smaller companies continues to provide the 3745/3746, features, parts and service. VTAM is also supported by IBM, as is the IBM Network Control Program (NCP) required by the 3745/3746 controllers.
In 2008 an IBM publication said:
- with the popularity and growth of TCP/IP, SNA is changing from being a true network architecture to being what could be termed an "application and application access architecture." In other words, there are many applications that still need to communicate in SNA, but the required SNA protocols are carried over the network by IP.[2]
Objectives of SNA[edit]
IBM in the mid-1970s saw itself mainly as a hardware vendor and hence all its innovations in that period aimed to increase hardware sales. SNA's objective was to reduce the costs of operating large numbers of terminals and thus induce customers to develop or expand interactive terminal-based systems as opposed to batch systems. An expansion of interactive terminal-based systems would increase sales of terminals and more importantly of mainframe computers and peripherals - partly because of the simple increase in the volume of work done by the systems and partly because interactive processing requires more computing power per transaction than batch processing.
Hence SNA aimed to reduce the main non-computer costs and other difficulties in operating large networks using earlier communications protocols. The difficulties included:
- Often a communications line could not be shared by terminals of different types, as they used different "dialects" of the existing communications protocols. Up to the early 1970s, computer components were so expensive and bulky that it was not feasible to include all-purpose communications interface cards in terminals. Every type of terminal had a hard-wired communications card which supported only the operation of one type of terminal without compatibility with other types of terminals on the same line.
- The protocols which the primitive communications cards could handle were not efficient. Each communications line used more time transmitting data than modern lines do.
- Telecommunications lines at the time were of much lower quality. For example, it was almost impossible to run a dial-up line at more than 19,200 bits per second because of the overwhelming error rate, as comparing with 56,000 bits per second today on dial-up lines; and in the early 1970s few leased lines were run at more than 2400 bits per second (these low speeds are a consequence of Shannon's Law in a relatively low-technology environment). Telecommunications companies had little incentive to improve line quality or reduce costs, because at the time they were mostly monopolies and sometimes state-owned.
As a result running a large number of terminals required a lot more communications lines than the number required today, especially if different types of terminals needed to be supported, or the users wanted to use different types of applications (.e.g. under CICS or TSO) from the same location. In purely financial terms SNA's objectives were to increase customers' spending on terminal-based systems and at the same time to increase IBM's share of that spending, mainly at the expense of the telecommunications companies.
SNA also aimed to overcome a limitation of the architecture which IBM's System/370 mainframes inherited from System/360. Each CPU could connect to at most 16 I/O channels[3] and each channel could handle up to 256 peripherals - i.e. there was a maximum of 4096 peripherals per CPU. At the time when SNA was designed, each communications line counted as a peripheral. Thus the number of terminals with which powerful mainframes could otherwise communicate was limited.
Principal components and technologies[edit]
Improvements in computer component technology made it feasible to build terminals that included more powerful communications cards which could operate a single standard communications protocol rather than a very stripped-down protocol which suited only a specific type of terminal. As a result several multi-layer communications protocols were proposed in the 1970s, of which IBM's SNA and ITU-T's X.25 became dominant later.
The most important elements of SNA include:
- IBM Network Control Program (NCP) is a communications program running on the 3705 and subsequent 37xx communications processors that, among other things, implements the packet switching protocol defined by SNA. The protocol performed two main functions:
- It is a packet forwarding protocol, acting like modern switch - forwarding data packages to the next node, which might be a mainframe, a terminal or another 3705. The communications processors supported only hierarchical networks with a mainframe at the center, unlike modern routers which support peer-to-peer networks in which a machine at the end of the line can be both a client and a server at the same time.
- It is a multiplexer that connected multiple terminals into one communication line to the CPU, thus relieved the constraints on the maximum number of communication lines per CPU. A 3705 could support a larger number of lines (352 initially) but only counted as one peripheral by the CPUs and channels. Since the launch of SNA IBM has introduced improved communications processors, of which the latest is the 3745.
- Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC), a protocol which greatly improved the efficiency of data transfer over a single link:[4]
- SDLC included much more powerful error detection and correction codes than earlier protocols.[dubious ] These codes often enabled the communications cards to correct minor transmission errors without requesting re-transmission, and therefore made it possible to pump data down a line much faster.
- It enabled terminals and 3705 communications processors to send "frames" of data one after the other without waiting for an acknowledgement of the previous frame - the communications cards had sufficient memory and processing capacity to "remember" the last 7 frames sent or received, request re-transmission of only those frames which contained errors that the error detection and correction codes could not repair, and slot the re-transmitted frames into the right place in the sequence before forwarding them to the next stage.
- These frames all had the same type of "envelope" (frame header and trailer)[5] which contained enough information for data packages from different types of terminal to be send along the same communications line, leaving the mainframe to deal with any differences in the formatting of the content or in the rules governing dialogs with different types of terminal.
- Remote terminals (i.e. those connected to the mainframe by telephone lines) and 3705 communications processors would have SDLC-capable communications cards.
- This is the precursor of the so called "packet communication" that eventually evolved into today's IP technology,[citation needed] and SDLC itself evolved into HDLC[6] that is one of the base technology for dedicated telecommunication circuit.
- VTAM, a software package to provide log-in, session keeping and routing services within the mainframe. A terminal user would log-in via VTAM to a specific application or application environment (e.g. CICS or TSO). A VTAM device would then route data from that terminal to the appropriate application or application environment until the user logged out and possibly logged into another application. The original versions of IBM hardware could only keep one session per terminal. In the 1980s further software (mainly from third-party vendors) made it possible for a terminal to have simultaneous sessions with different applications or application environments.
Advantages and disadvantages[edit]
This article contains a pro and con list. (November 2012) |
SNA removed link control from the application program and placed it in the NCP. This had the following advantages and disadvantages:
- Localization of problems in the telecommunications network was easier because a relatively small amount of software actually dealt with communication links. There was a single error reporting system.
- Adding communication capability to an application program was much easier because the formidable area of link control software that typically requires interrupt processors and software timers was relegated to system software and NCP.
- With the advent of APPN, routing functionality was the responsibility of the computer as opposed to the router (as with TCP/IP networks). Each computer maintained a list of Nodes that defined the forwarding mechanisms. A centralized node type known as a Network Node maintained Global tables of all other node types. APPN stopped the need to maintain APPC routing tables that explicitly defined endpoint to endpoint connectivity. APPN sessions would route to endpoints through other allowed node types until it found the destination. This is similar to the way that routers for the Internet Protocol and the Netware Internetwork Packet Exchange protocol function.
- Connection to non-SNA networks was difficult. An application which needed access to some communication scheme, which was not supported in the current version of SNA, faced obstacles. Before IBM included X.25 support (NPSI) in SNA, connecting to an X.25 network would have been awkward. Conversion between X.25 and SNA protocols could have been provided either by NCP software modifications or by an external protocol converter.
- A sheaf of alternate pathways between every pair of nodes in a network had to be predesigned and stored centrally. Choice among these pathways by SNA was rigid and did not take advantage of current link loads for optimum speed.
- SNA network installation and maintenance are complicated and SNA network products are (or were) expensive. Attempts to reduce SNA network complexity by adding IBM Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking functionality were not really successful, if only because the migration from traditional SNA to SNA/APPN was very complex, without providing much additional value, at least initially. SNA software licences (VTAM) cost as much as $10000 a month for high-end systems. And SNA IBM 3745 Communications Controllers typically cost over $100K. TCP/IP was still seen as unfit for commercial applications e.g. in the finance industry until the late 1980s, but rapidly took over in the 1990s due to its peer-to-peer networking and packet communication technology it deployed.
- The design of SNA was in the era when the concept of layered communication was not fully adopted by the computer industry. Applications, databases and communication functions were mingled into the same protocol or product, which made it difficult to maintain and manage. That was very common for the products created in that time. Even after TCP/IP was fully developed, the X Window System was designed with the same model where communication protocols were embedded into graphic display application.
- SNA's connection based architecture invoked huge state machine logic to keep track of everything. APPN added a new dimension to state logic with its concept of differing node types. While it was solid when everything was running correctly, there was still a need for manual intervention. Simple things like watching the Control Point sessions had to be done manually. APPN wasn't without issues; in the early days many shops abandoned it due to issues found in APPN support. Over time, however, many of the issues were worked out but not before the advent of the Web Browser which was the beginning of the end for SNA.
Network Addressable Units[edit]
Network Addressable Units in a SNA network are any components that can be assigned an address and can send and receive information. They are distinguished further as follows:[7]
- System Service Control Points, provide services to manage a network or subnetwork (typically in the mainframe),
- Logical Units, a logical collection of services that can be accessed from a network.[8]
- Physical Units, a combination of hardware and software that control the links to other nodes.[8]
Logical Unit (LU)[edit]
SNA essentially offers transparent communication: equipment specifics that do not impose any constraints onto LU-LU communication. But eventually it serves a purpose to make a distinction between LU types, as the application must take the functionality of the terminal equipment into account (e.g. screen sizes and layout).
Within SNA there are two types of data stream to connect local display terminals and printers; there is the 3270 data stream mainly used by mainframes such as the System/370 and successors, including the zSeries family, and the 5250 data stream mainly used by minicomputers/servers such as the System/34, System/36, System/38, and AS/400 and its successors, including System i and IBM Power Systems running IBM i.
SNA defines several kinds of devices, called Logical Unit types:[9]
- LU0 provides for undefined devices, or build your own protocol.
- LU1 devices are printers.
- LU2 devices are dumb IBM 3270 display terminals.
- LU3 devices are printers using 3270 protocols.
- LU4 devices are batch terminals.
- LU5 has never been defined.
- LU6 provides for protocols between two applications.
- LU7 provides for sessions with IBM 5250 terminals.
The primary ones in use are LU1, LU2, and LU6.2 (an advanced protocol for application to application conversations).
Physical Unit (PU)[edit]
- PU1 nodes are terminal controllers such as IBM 6670 or IBM 3767
- PU2 nodes are cluster controllers running configuration support programs such as IBM 3174, IBM 3274, or the IBM 4701 or IBM 4702 Branch Controller
- PU2.1 nodes are peer-to-peer (APPN) nodes
- PU3 was never defined
- PU4 nodes are front end processors running the Network Control Program (NCP) such as the IBM 37xx series
- PU5 nodes are host computer systems[10]
The term 37xx refers to IBM's family of SNA communications controllers. The 3745 supports up to eight high-speed T1 circuits, the 3725 is a large-scale node and front-end processor for a host, and the 3720 is a remote node that functions as a concentrator and router.
The proprietary networking architecture for Honeywell Bull mainframes is Distributed Systems Architecture (DSA). Communications package for DSA is VIP. Like SNA, DSA is also no longer supported for client access. Bull mainframes are fitted with Mainway for translating DSA to TCP/IP and VIP devices are replaced by TNVIP Terminal Emulations (GLink, Winsurf). GCOS 8 supports TNVIP SE over TCP/IP. Other architectures are Unisys – formerly Univac – Distributed Computing Architecture (DCA) and – formerly Burroughs – Burroughs Network Architecture (BNA), both largely obsolete by 2012, and the International Computers Limited (ICL) Information Processing Architecture (IPA). DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers. It evolved into one of the first peer-to-peer network architectures, thus transforming DEC into a networking powerhouse in the 1980s.
See also[edit]
- ^ (Schatt 1991, p. 227).
- ^ IBM Corporation (2008). Networking on z/OS. p. 31.
- ^ devices that acted as DMA controllers for control units, which in turn attached peripherals such as tape and disk drives, printers, card-readers
- ^ (Pooch 1983, p. 310).
- ^ (Pooch 1983, p. 313).
- ^ (Friend 1988, p. 191).
- ^ (Schatt 1991, pp. 228–229).
- ^ a b IBM Corporation. "Introduction to SNA". Retrieved September 7, 2012.
- ^ (Schatt 1991, p. 229).
- ^ Microsoft. "Physical Unit (PU)". Retrieved September 7, 2012.
- Friend, George E.; John L. Fike, H. Charles Baker, John C. Bellamy (1988). Understanding Data Communications (2nd ed.). Indianapolis: Howard W. Sams & Company. ISBN 0-672-27270-9.
- Pooch, Udo W.; William H. Greene, Gary G. Moss (1983). Telecommunications and Networking. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-71498-4.
- Schatt, Stan (1991). Linking LANs: A Micro Manager's Guide. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8306-3755-9.
- IBM (January 1975), Systems Network Architecture General Information (PDF), First Edition, IBM, GA27-3102-0.
- IBM (February 1984), Systems Network Architecture Concepts and Products (PDF), Second Edition, IBM, GC30-3072-1.
- IBM (January 1994), Systems Network Architecture Technical Overview, Fifth Edition, IBM, GC30-3073-04.
- IBM (July 1994), Systems Network Architecture Guide to SNA Publications, Third Edition, IBM, GC30-3438-02.
External links[edit]
- Cisco article on SNA
- APPN Implementers Workshop Architecture Document repository
- SNA protocols quite technical
- Related whitepapers sdsusa.com
- IBM (March 2004), Systems Network Architecture Formats, Twenty-first Edition, IBM, GA27-3136-20.
- IBM (April 1981), Systems Network Architecture - Sessions Between Logical Units (PDF), Third Edition, IBM, GC20-1868-2.
- IBM (December 1979), Systems Network Architecture - Introduction to Sessions between Logical Units (PDF), Third Edition, IBM, GC20-1869-2.
- IBM (June 1993), Systems Network Architecture: Transaction Programmer's Reference Manual for LU Type 6.2, Sixth Edition, IBM, GC30-3084-05.
- IBM (December 1996), Systems Network Architecture Type 2.1 Node Reference, Fifth Edition, IBM, SC30-3422-04.
- IBM (October 1996), Systems Network Architecture LU 6.2 Reference: Peer Protocols, Third Edition, IBM, SC31-6808-02.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
These glasses I wear are not just for looks,
But they do hide the twinkle in my eye!
The grey in my hair was put there by God,
And I should be thankful, I guess.
They say these are the golden years;
Don't let them tarnish like brass!
By Alice Hensley Church
Sometimes I look in the mirror (not too often!) and wonder if I have someone else's body. My wrinkled arms feel strange, and what has happened to my face? My eyebrows seem to have fallen and are now growing on my upper lip. The force of gravity has pulled everything southward, and even my feet have aged.
The worst thing is my memory -- I've lost it somewhere in "these golden years." For example, as we journeyed home from church Sunday, we stopped at a little restaurant in Clendenin that caters to the church crowd. (Their food is very good!) I told Criss that I was going to put my purse in the back seat, as it was hard to carry along with my cane. He locked the car and we enjoyed our meal.
When we came back out, my purse was gone. Criss went back in the restaurant to see if I had left it in there, but no purse. I was certain I had placed it in the back seat but he had cracked the window slightly as it was so hot. The manager of the restaurant and Criss poked in every trash container for a city block, to see if someone might have discarded it there.
Then a young city policeman, R. Morgan, came by to record all the details. He was so polite and understanding -- I was quite impressed. He left his telephone number to I could check with him. On the way home, Criss asked if I could have left my purse in the church. "No," I replied emphatically. I am sure I put it in the back seat." "I heard you say that," he commented.
When we got home, I called a lady who lived by the church -- she was also a member. I knew she had a key. She called me back shortly and -- you guessed it -- my purse was under the pew. Criss made me call the city policeman and report that I had found my purse. (I felt like a dog -- he had stood in the hot sun for a long time writing up the report.) He did say that he would visit me when I had to be put away.
When a person is young, they never think of the golden years ahead. We better enjoy them while we can!
I have a couple of corrections to make: My sister Mary Ellen tells me that we didn't get fifty cents a gallon for blackberries -- it was 35 cents. And also, we did have screen doors, except they were ragged and patched, and the young'ens ran in and out so much that they let the flies in. (Thank you, Charlotte Neilan of Summersville for the song words.)
Contact Alyce Faye Bragg at alycef...@citlink.net or write to 2556 Summers Fork Road, Ovapa, WV 25164.


text:
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Good thing negotiations are underway for a fifth season of her own show.
The label is expanding to 400 more outlets over the next year.
Now the star of his own show, he says he's flummoxed by how she's reacted to his departure from her company.
This is what happens when Rachel bakes salami.
"The problem [with giving birth] is it is such an unglamorous experience."
"I'm like a snake that's swallowed a basketball."
Todd Shemarya helped Zoe land some career-making contracts, like her Bravo reality show.
"Let me explain something very clearly: You don't need a reason to go to Vegas," he says. How very wrong he is!
But can this 'faux'-feud between Jeremiah and Joey stop already?
Lessons in fashion and life from last night's episode.
Recall all the ways in which last night's season premiere was amazing.
How the stylist made her new clothing line into a runaway success.
In a clip from the new season of the 'Rachel Zoe Project,' she says Brad's departure wasn't quite what it seemed.
Also, Freida Pinto covers the August issue of 'Interview' magazine.


text:
20 U.S. Code § 3914 - Materials development and methods research for mathematics, science, and engineering
Authorization to award competitive grants; covered institutions, businesses, etc.; purposes
The Foundation is authorized, in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter, to award competitive grants to institutions of higher education, businesses, nonprofit private organizations, local education agencies, professional engineering and scientific associations, museums, libraries, public broadcasting entities (as defined in section
(11) of title
47), and appropriate State agencies—
for instructional curriculum improvement and faculty development in mathematics, science, and engineering;
Scope of studies
Studies conducted under subsection (a)(3) of this section may include—
teaching and learning research and its application to local and private sector instructional materials development and to improved teacher training programs;
Matching grant requirements
Funds awarded for such competitive grants shall be expended through a system requiring matching of the grant. The minimum amount required as a match shall be equal to a percentage of the grant that is determined by the Foundation. Funds made available for matching purposes may include in-kind services or other resources.
Materials or methods research application requirements
In making grant applications for materials or methods research for the purposes described in subsections (a)(1) and (a)(3) of this section, the Foundation shall assure the involvement of appropriate State or local education agencies in the case of applications submitted by other entities described in subsection (a) of this section, or that one or more of such other entities will be consulted in the case of applications submitted by State or local education agencies.
(Pub. L. 98–377, title I, § 104, as added Pub. L. 99–159, title II, § 201,Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 895.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section
3914,Pub. L. 98–377, title I, § 114,Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1269, related to cooperation with business concerns, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by section 201 ofPub. L. 99–159. See section
(c) of this title.
The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 3, 2012, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.
The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Tuesday, August 13, 2013
An empty table indicates that we see no relevant changes listed in the classification tables. If you suspect that our system may be missing something, please double-check with the Office of the Law Revision Counsel.
20 USC | Description of Change | Session Year | Public Law | Statutes at Large |
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
In what has been an unconventional start to the season, the Bauxite Miners have played two games so far in the 2012 season, but only have four quarters of action under their belt. Their season opener was spoiled by Hurricane Isaac after one quarter and was only able to squeeze in three quarters last week against Glen Rose. Nevertheless, it hasn't been a pretty start for head coach Shane Clancy and his Miners. While the Miners haven't had a full body of work to go off of, the four quarters they have played are very indicative of the poor start.
The Benton Lady Panthers outscored the Little Rock Fair Lady War Eagles 75-11 in three matches to win their sixth straight match after starting the season 0-2. Benton won 3-0 (25-3, 25-1, 25-7) in its most lopsided match of the season and improved to 3-0 in the 7A/6A South. The Lady Panthers' junior varsity also had little trouble defeating Fair's JV, winning 2-0 (25-5, 25-10). "Fair is just not where they need to be," Benton Coach Brandy Chumley said. "We're working on clicking on offense a little bit and those were good games to work on that. I thought we did pretty well."
The Finance and Personnel Committee of the Bryant City Council was slated to discuss the revision of an ordinance regulating the open burning of yard waste during its regular monthly meeting Tuesday, but an alderman quickly put an end to the dialogue, citing the fact that the ordinance was inappropriate to discuss at a Finance and Personnel Committee meeting.
Saline County Regional Solid Waste Management District's Couponing for a Cause is making progress, A spokesperson said the district teamed up with the Benton Senior Activity Center and district volunteer Angela Howell to promote recycling while helping members of the community in need. "So far the Benton Senior Activity Center has gathered 2,800 coupon booklets," said Sherry Parsons, director of the center.  "The seniors are so proud to be a part of this program. They enjoy the ability to help others," she said.
Mary Louise Hamlin, 86, of Malvern died Tuesday, Sept. 11, at her home. She was born in Hatfield on Oct. 23, 1925, to the late James T. Davis and Rosa Henson Davis. Moving with her family to Malvern at an early age, she received her education locally and was active in school sports, playing softball and basketball. She also loved to water ski. A working mother, Mary was employed by the local textile mill, the shoe plant, and by Chamberlain Door, from which she retired in 1991. She was a member of Third Baptist Church, where she sang in the choir and worked with the youth.
Dennis W. Sullivan, 70, of Lonsdale, formerly of St. Louis, Mo., passed away Wednesday, Sept. 12. He was born April 10, 1942, in St. Louis to the late William D. and Margaret L. Sullivan. He was a retired member of Sheet Metal Workers Local 36 of St. Louis. He is survived by one sister, Dian Cowser and husband Jim of Lonsdale; two nieces, Katie and husband Steven and Terri and husband Chad; three great-nieces and two great-nephews. Memorials may be made to Saline Memorial Hospital Hospice House, 23157 I-30, Bryant, Arkansas 72022.


text:
Information contained on this page is provided by an independent third-party content provider. WorldNow and this Station make no warranties or representations in connection therewith. If you have any questions or comments about this page please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
SOURCE Velocify
Industry Veteran Joins Intelligent Sales Automation Leader to Expand Offerings
LOS ANGELES, Jan. 15, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Velocify, the market-leader in cloud-based intelligent sales automation solutions, today announced the appointment of Chandra Shekaran as senior vice president of Engineering. In this role, Shekaran will oversee the company's product development efforts and technology infrastructure.
(Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20140115/LA46763)
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20131114/LA17532LOGO-b)
"We are excited to have Chandra join our team," said Nick Hedges, president and CEO at Velocify. "Chandra has a proven track record in the software industry and is recognized for his unique vision. We continue to see accelerating demand for our offerings across several markets and believe Chandra is well-poised to help us achieve the next stage of growth through continued innovation."
Shekaran brings more than 25 years of software engineering experience to Velocify, including holding numerous senior-level positions at leading technology companies, including Microsoft and Verizon GTE Laboratories. Prior to joining Velocify, Shekaran served as general manager of Microsoft's Search Technology Center, where his team focused on applying big data techniques to improving Bing's search efficacy. In a prior role, he served as general manager of Microsoft's Remote Desktop Virtualization business, growing the Remote Desktop Services' usage and revenue by more than 400 percent, and generating the highest earnings per team member amongst all Microsoft products. He also led the $100 million plus strategic acquisition of Calista, a GPU virtualization company. Shekaran's team integrated that company's technology into Microsoft's Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) and Hyper-V and shipped RemoteFX. Altogether, Shekaran spent more than a decade at Microsoft, working on a wide range of products and cloud services focused on business and consumer markets. Prior to Microsoft, Shekaran worked at Verizon labs building network management, call processing and voice over internet protocol (VOIP) software.
Velocify delivers two core offerings to the market, LeadManager™ and Dial-IQ™, which enable sales organizations across industries to effectively manage sales opportunities from initial inquiry to close, with systematic phone, email, and SMS follow-up that is guided by proven-to-convert industry best practices. In November of this year, Velocify also released LeadManager for Saleforce on Salesforce.com's AppExchange, combining the familiar Salesforce platform with key features of LeadManager, including Velocify's Activity Prioritization, which provides a single, consolidated and continuously updated view into new and existing leads, scheduled tasks, and events.
Underscoring Velocify's growth, the company was recently recognized on the Deloitte Technology Fast 500 list for a third consecutive year and named as one of the fastest-growing private companies on the distinguished Inc. 5000 list. In addition, Velocify was named on Los Angeles Business Journal's Top Places to Work list for a fourth consecutive year.
"This is a great opportunity to lead a very talented engineering team and deliver new, transformative products to the market," Shekaran said. "Velocify has proven itself to be a true innovator in the intelligent sales automation sector, and as a result has experienced tremendous growth in the last three years. I am excited and honored to join Velocify and I look forward to helping the company achieve its next stage of growth."
For more information on the company, visit the Velocify website and blog, or follow them on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube.
About Velocify
Velocify is a market-leading provider of cloud-based intelligent sales software, designed for high-velocity sales environments. Velocify helps sales teams keep pace with the speed of opportunity and increase revenue by driving rapid lead response, increased selling discipline, improved productivity, and actionable selling insights. The company has helped more than 1,500 companies across a variety of industries improve customer acquisition practices and sales performance. Velocify was recently recognized as one of the fastest growing companies in North America by Deloitte and a Best Place to Work by the Los Angeles Business Journal. For more information please visit Velocify.com or follow the company on Twitter @Velocify.
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.
844 Government
FCC Public File NewsWeather
All content © Copyright 2000 - 2014 Worldnow and
WAFB. All Rights Reserved.
For more information on this site, please read our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. |


text:
Indiana Governor-elect Mike Pence will be in the region tomorrow to thank Hoosiers, one month to the day after the election. According to the press release, Pence will be in South Bend tomorrow at 8am, at Top Notch Diner, located at 23530 State Road 2. Pence says he looks forward to the tremendous honor of being Indiana's 50th Governor, and meeting Hoosiers to discuss ways to keep Indiana moving on a, "pathway to success over the next four years."
# # #
LAURA WALUSZKO Region News Team |
SCOTT ROSENBERG Region News Team |
BRENT BROWN Region News Team |
JAY STEVENS Region News Team |
KARL BERNER Region News Team |
ANNIE FOX Region News Team |
Flash is not supported on this device. If you wish to listen to this audio, you must download and play an mp3 using an mp3 player on your device. CLICK HERE


text:
Citizens may send written comments or submit comments electronically to the contact person listed at the end of each public notice. All comments must include the name, address and telephone number of the person commenting.
DEQ is conducting an environmental review of the following airport project subject to licensing by the Department of Aviation (Virginia Code Sections 5.1-7 and 10.1-1183).
Section 306(d)(14) of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, requires public participation in the federal consistency review process. The Department of Environmental Quality is currently reviewing the following proposals for consistency with the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program.
February 21, 2014 to March 18, 2014
The consistency determination/certification for these projects may be viewed at the following location: Department of Environmental Quality Office of Environmental Impact Review 629 East Main Street, Room 633 Richmond, VA 23219