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Weekend Top 10
By Sarah Story, Citizen Events Editor 03/01/12
MARCH 2 Enjoy an evening of Celtic music with Poisoned Dwarf and Lilt at 7 p.m. at The Cultural Arts Center at Glen Allen, 2880 Mountain Rd. The concert is part of CACGA's 2nd Stage Performance Series, which highlights a different musical genre on the first Friday of each month. Tickets are $10 in advance and $12 at the door. For details, call 261-ARTS or visit http://www.artsglenallen.com . *** Henrico County Recreation and Parks will present "Waterwalk: A Passage of Ghosts" from 7:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. in the Henrico County Administration Board Room. Steven Faulkner, a professor at Longwood University, will discuss the 1,000 mile voyage he and his son Justin took in their 16-foot canoe, Natty Bumpo. Admission is free and seating is on a first-come, first-serve basis. For details, call Dee Donnelly at 501-5147. *** The Autism Society of Central Virginia will hold its 5th annual Recreation Resource Fair from 6:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. at River Road United Methodist Church, 8800 River Rd. Organizations providing recreational and social opportunities to children, youth and adults with autism spectrum disorders will be on hand to share information about their programs. For details, visit http://www.asacv.org . *** The film "Superman: The Movie" will play at 7 p.m. March 2 and at 2 p.m. and 7 p.m. March 3 at Henrico Theatre, 305 E. Nine Mile Rd. Tickets are $1 and can be purchased at the door. For details, call 328-4491 or visit http://www.henricorecandparks.com . MARCH 3 Henrico County's annual Kite Festival will be held from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. at Dorey Park, 2999 Darbytown Rd. The event, hosted by the Richmond Air Force Kite Club, will feature kite flying demonstrations, exhibits, contests and games and live family entertainment provided by Henrico County Public Schools and local band Sky Run. Concessions will be available for purchase. Admission is free. Rain date is March 4. For details, visit http://www.henricorecandparks.com . *** The 12th annual Kids' Carniball – Destination France will take place from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the Children's Museum of Richmond-Central, 2626 W. Broad St. There will be French flag-themed art projects, face painting, balloon giveaways, a moon bounce, magicians, a cheese and juice tasting, French toast provided by Silver Diner and more. Carniball is included with museum admission. For details, call 474-7000 or visit http://www.c-mor.org . *** The Cultural Arts Center at Glen Allen, 2880 Mountain Rd., will present a Rock & Roll Jubilee at 7 p.m. Journey back to 1958 and be a part of the studio audience for the live broadcast of a fictitious radio station as they channel the spirits of the founding fathers of rock n' roll. Featured artists include Elvis, Buddy Holly, Ricky Nelson, Roy Orbison, The Everly Brothers and more. The Jubilee includes 1950s' period advertisements, skits and more. Tickets are $20. For details, call 261-ARTS or visit http://www.artsglenallen.com . *** The Modlin Center for the Arts will present Cirque Mechanics' "Boom Town" at 2 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. in Alice Jepson Theatre at the University of Richmond. Cirque Mechanics brings together veterans of world-renowned companies such as Cirque du Soleil and the Moscow Circus to continue the exploration of performers and machines through acrobatics, dance, aerial work, trampolines and more. Tickets are $38. For details, call 289-8980 or visit http://www.modlin.richmond.edu . *** In celebration of the 40th anniversary of Amtrak, America's Railroad® is offering the public an opportunity to view an Exhibit Train, a unique traveling display showcasing the railroad's history, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. March 3-4 at Amtrak's Staples Mill Road station. Memorabilia, such as vintage advertising, past menus and dinnerware and period uniforms will be on display. Children can also visit Chuggington Depot, based on the popular children's animated television series on Disney Junior, for train-themed kids' activities. For details, visit http://www.amtrak40th.com . MARCH 4 The Harvesters will perform at 6 p.m. at Pioneer Baptist Church, 3140 Darbytown Rd. Admission is free. For details, call 795-1051 or visit http://www.pioneerbaptistrichmondva.org |
Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden nominated for North American honor
Henrico's Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden is one of only 20 gardens in North America nominated for USA Today's "10Best Reader's Choice" contest for Best Public Garden.
The 20 public gardens nominated are:
• Bloedel Reserve, Bainbridge Island, Wash.
• Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, New York
• Buthcart Gardens, Victoria, B.C.
• Callaway Gardens, Pine Mountain, Ga. > Read more.
Henrico PAL honors seven community members at annual banquet
Photo by Patty Kruszewski/Henrico Citizen 02/24/2014
The Fifth Annual Henrico Police Athletic League (PAL) Award Banquet, held Feb. 6 at The Cultural Arts Center at Glen Allen, honored HPAL's top volunteers and employees, including Morgan Lewis, Youth of the Year; Dale Alexander, Volunteer of the Year; Lowell Thomas, Employee of the Year, and Victor Williams, Board Member of the Year. Also honored for their support were Jim and Christi Dowd of Richmond BMW and Josh Davis of Henrico County Public Schools Pupil Transportation.
Keynote speaker for the banquet was Tim Hightower, a University of Richmond alumnus and former NFL running back. Hightower was introduced by Billy McMullen, former NFL player and a Henrico PAL board member. > Read more.
DAC chapter donates $1.3M in coupons
The Pocahontas Chapter of the National Society Daughters of the American Colonists, based in western Henrico, last year donated more than $1.3 million worth of manufacturers coupons to U.S. military personnel overseas. Throughout 2013, members and friends of the chapter clipped 952,349 manufacturers' coupons valued at $1,350,630, which Program Chairman Carole Featherston shipped to U.S. military bases abroad. Military personnel can use the coupons when shopping in base stores.
The National Society Daughters of American Colonists is a women's genealogical and patriotic society whose members are descended from a man or woman who rendered civil or military service in any of the American colonies prior to July 4, 1776. > Read more.
Page 1 of 108 pages 1 2 3 > Last ›
Weekend Top 10
If you're looking for a date night with someone special, Henrico is the place to be! Check out a classic 90s movie, "My Girl," at Henrico Theatre; Circa, an innovative circus from Australia, will dazzle at the University of Richmond; and celebrate TGIF at Keagan's Restaurant where the PJ Bottoms Band is performing. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Abstract emotion
Abstract paintings of Inge Strack (pictured) are on display through March 9 at the Gumenick Family Gallery at The Cultural Arts Center at Glen Allen. Strack, a Chestefield painter of German origin, often paints in bold colors with a deep sense of emotion, focusing on brushstrokes, texture and form to find a balance. Strack's painting is routed in the European tradition of expressionism but has found its own, unique language in following the American dream.
"I am not attempting to abstract the physical world," she said. "I draw my subject matter from inside of myself hoping to create a constant conversation between the viewer and the painting, especially since abstracts do not seem to answer but ask." > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
Do you play pickleball? Learn more about this oddly-named but fun-to-play sport tomorrow! Though it's still pretty chilly outside, you can get a jump start on spring at the Richmond Home and Garden Show or at a workshop on raised bed gardening at Lavender Fields Herb Farm. For all our top picks this weekend in Henrico, click here! > Read more.
More News
GOP House leaders request special session on Medicaid expansion
Crime down slightly in Henrico in 2013
Business in brief
Deep Run's marathon dance returns for eighth year
Henrico Extension accepting applications for community garden program
Henrico Area Mental Health & Developmental Services earns three-year accreditation
State to hold listening session on draft Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement
Larceny suspects sought
Henrico park sites re-open after storm
Concealed weapons amendment goes to governor
- More Henrico News
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Commercial truck drivers must now spend less time behind the wheel, and their idle hours may end-up costing consumers.
New federal regulations set forth by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, a division of the Department of Transportation, must be complied with starting July 1.
Truck drivers can now only legally drive up to 70 hours per week, down from 82. Drivers must also spend 34 or more consecutive hours off duty before hitting the road again. The daily-driving limit is now set at 11 hours, after ten consecutive hours off-duty.
While truck drivers are undoubtedly unhappy with these new time constraints, they are not the only ones who may feel the effects. Leaders in the trucking industry warn that less time in the truck means a higher price for consumers in the store.
The new Hours-of-Service Regulations went into effect February 27, 2012, and must be complied with starting July 1.
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A while ago, I posted a question about whether the Toto Drake tank gasket can leak. I suspected it after experiencing a slow leak and efforts to sand and seal the tank bolts didn't seem to help. Previous post
Well, it CAN! After pulling the tank for the upteenth time after a time gap because of remodeling, there were clear water stains on the gasket. Water was leaking from where the gasket touches the tank.
I decided to fix the problem once and for all with some silicone caulk. While tightening the tank down for hopefully the last time, I thought I would stick my fingers through the flapper hole and feel how the gasket was tightening down. Surprisingly, it was very uneven. I felt a lot more gasket toward the front of the tank than toward the rear. I felt certain the gasket was centered before I started tightening. I loosened the tank bolts. Had to work quickly before the silicone set. The tank gasket felt centered with the tank bolts loose. I thought a little bit and began to wonder if the front-back tilt of the tank was affecting how the gasket tightened down. I thought I had it vertical but I pushed the tank toward the back wall and started tightening the tank bolts again. This time, the gasket felt more even front to back. Better, but not perfect. And the tank contacted the bowl at the rear first rather than the front as it had before.
My slow leak is gone and the Toto is in "full service".
- The Drake CAN leak around the tank gasket. I saw visual proof of it.
- Make sure the tank is vertical before tightening the tank bolts. Feel the gasket through the flapper hole to make sure it is as even as possible.
- If all fails, silicone sealer works.
Yes, we find that putting the tank on straight is a good way to go.
Always push the foam seal onto the outlet of the tank, before setting the tank onto the bowl. Keep the tank aligned while tightening.
There is the rare occasion when the inside of the tank is cast rough enough where the seal just below the flush valve will not seal.
A little emory cloth will smooth the porcelain and it can be reassmbled.
If find this to be very rare. Maybe one in a hundred.
I followed up on a Drake tank installed by another plumber that was loose today, 10/22/2008
The tank nuts were "finger loose",
I took out a wrench and tightened them "wrench tight"
No more loose and wobbly tank.
Last edited by Terry; 10-22-2008 at 05:00 PM.


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Qupid Task-31 Bootie
Sorry, this item is sold out!
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recipe reviews for:
"When slow roasted in beer and seasoned with onions and herbs, this simple pork roast turns sumptuous, rich and delicious. Scrape the roasting pan, and use the drippings to make a wonderful gravy."
Cooking Level: Expert
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Everything you need to party like a leprechaun.
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Delicious recipes, party ideas, and helpful cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for just $9.99!
Fresh rosemary and garlic salt are the keys to a super-simple pork roast.
See how to make an herb-rubbed, garlic-studded pork shoulder roast.
All you need are 10 minutes to prepare this juicy, tangy roast pork.


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Our family took advantage of the beautiful weather Sunday afternoon to drive along Grandview Drive. The colors were so beautiful, the kids had to jump out for a quick photo opportunity. These are our kids, Kyle, 7.5, Katie age 4 and Trevor 10.5.
Quick Fall Pic
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'Dores outlast Chargers in Crosstown Classic
The annual matchup between Lafayette and Oxford is called the Crosstown Classic for a reason and the latest installment in the series played Friday night at Oxford's Bobby Holcomb Field definitely lived up to the moniker.
In a game that is usually decided by just one play, it was Lafayette junior defensive end Keeyon Tyson that produced the single-biggest play in a 21-14 win for the No. 1 Commodores. Just a little over a minute after the Commodores (3-0 overall) scored the game-winning touchdown on a 12-yard run by Demarkus Dennis at the 2:13 mark of the fourth quarter, Tyson was able to thwart a potential game-tying scoring drive for the Chargers (2-1) by slapping the ball away from quarterback Guy Cameron Billups at the LHS 13-yard line. (September 6, 2010, Page 1B)


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- February 13, 2013
- 7:22 p.m.
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shameonyou writes:
Well at least the girlfriend wont get money from this deceased ex husband! Wow goes to show women grow up take care of yourself STOP playing GAMES!
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Doreen G
Fresno, CA
Cloud balloons
Big hit with the kids.
Kiran M
Centreville, VA
Very Attractive and Shiny
Nice balloons that were shiny and attractive. My kid liked the color.
Kimberly W
Houston, TX
Centerpiece was very cute and perfect size for what I was looking for.
Kimberly W
Houston, TX
Loved the hat. It fit my adult head and is so cute!
Here are some ideas for wording:
Don't be late for a very important date. We are celebrating (child's name)'s very merry unbirthday. By order of the Queen of Hearts, you are here by summoned to attend.
Add the rest of the party details.
Ask guests to come dressed as their favorite character from the story. The birthday girl can be Alice. Or ask guests to come wearing a silly hat.
Use balloons and streamers in a pale blue and white to match Alice's dress.
Set up for a tea party in Wonderland. During the tea party at impromptu times,
announce to the guests that it's time to move down one seat or run around the table, etc.
Tea cups/saucers. Use doilies and tulle to decorate the table settings.
Use silver serving trays and tiered stands.
Large teapot centerpiece with a small stuffed mouse peeking out.
Hang paper lanterns.
String jumbo playing card to make your own "streamers".
Make very large playing cards out of posterboard.
Use lawn flamingos.
Artificial flower garlands with red roses.
Or make tissue paper flowers.
Use top hats turned upside down for serving snacks.
Make arrow signs that read, "THIS WAY", " THAT WAY", etc.
Make and glue together a house of cards for a centerpiece.
Make "mushroom" cupcakes.
Make mini cupcakes and label them "EAT ME".
Make a cake in the shape of a tea pot or make a Mad Hatter's Hat shaped cake.
Make a playing card cake from a plain white sheet cake. Use icing in red and black to add the details to the card.
For food & snacks, consider:
Pin the Grin on the Chesire Cat.
Paint the Roses Red. Print out coloring pages with roses on them.
Give out red crayons for kids to color their roses. First to finish wins.
Play lawn croquet.
Play some card games like Old Maid or Go Fish.
The Queen Says, played like Simon Says.
Construct a maze out of cardboard boxes for the children to go through.
Play Pass the Teapot, played like hot potato.
Decorate handled mirrors. Provide paints, stickers, etc. for children to use.
Musical Mad Hatter's Hats. Played like musical chairs. Set out hats on chairs.
The children walk around them when the music plays. When the music stops, they must get a hat on and sit in the chair.
A white rabbit bean bag or plush animal.
Toy pocket watch.
A copy of the Alice in Wonderland storybook.
A small tea set.
A deck of playing cards or a card game or mini playing cards.
Silly hats.
A mini watercolor set.
Red heart shaped lollipops.


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Boulder Station - 4111 Boulder Hwy. Las Vegas, NV, 89121 (702) 432-7559
The Broiler at Boulder Station offers fine steaks and seafood. The fish is flown in daily and the steaks are served from a sizzling 800-degree mesquite charcoal grill.
A few specialties include the filet mignon and Alaskan king crab duo, New York strip steak and jumbo shrimp, the Porterhouse steak and filet Oscar, served with Maryland blue crab, asparagus and B�arnaise sauce.�
-- Staff Report
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Blog by M&E Senior Technical Specialist, Gary M. Davis. Primary focus is around the Autodesk 3ds Max Entertainment Suites and Autodesk Smoke.
Showing posts in "Tutorials" category:
In this video, I show the basic concepts behind the workflow and interop of Autodesk Catch123D, 3ds Max and Mudbox.
This video highlights the MediaSync interop between Autodesk 3ds Max 2013, Adobe Photoshop and After Effects. Also featured is a brief look at the iRay GPU rendering engine for entertainment using the Boxx 4920XT workstation and the NVIDIA Quadro/Tesla (Maximus) board-set.
This is a rebroadcast of an M and E webinar where I demonstrated how Autodesk Smoke 2012 can work in tandem with a 3D CGI pipeline for creative finishing. UPDATE NOTE - this video was recorded with Autodesk Smoke 2012. Users can now download a trial version of the newer 2013 release here. http://usa.autodesk.com/smoke-for-mac/ This includes significant changes to the User Interface, but no features shown in this video above have been removed from the application. //garyD
My 90-minute lecture created for the Autodesk University Conference held at the end of November 2011. Also includes Autodesk Composite workflows.
Setting up iRay for animation & compositing using 3ds Max 2012
This is actually a repost of an older tutorial set I posted at the AREA a while back - however i'm reposting here to initiate discussion and ask for ideas around an ongoing idea i'd like to help foster...


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Our online tools make booking, managing your schedule and paying for lessons easy and hassle-free.
Every teacher in our network completes a background check, ensuring a safe learning environment.
If for any reason you're not satisfied after your first lesson, we'll help you find another teacher or refund your entire purchase.
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Take some time to review the teachers in our network. All of our teachers provide detailed profiles, including information about their background, specialties, and teaching style. You can also read reviews from past and current students.
Select your teacher and book online. After you book, your teacher will contact you directly to talk about your first lesson and you'll be able to manage your entire schedule through our free online account.
Take your voice to the next level. Download free video tutorials to start singing like the star you are!
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Drum, Guitar, Music Performance, Music Recording, Music Theory, Percussion
Andrew is a graduate of Musicians Institute College of Contemporary Music in Hollywood, California with a degree in drum/percussion performance. At Musicians Institute he had the opportunity to study with drum book authors: Ed Roscetti, Chuck Silverman and Gary Hess, as well as World Snare Drum Champion: Rob Carson. He also studied music theory at Bucks County Community College
He first began his drum studies at age 10; playing percussion in school and at 17 began performing and recording drums professionally. He spent a great deal of his time working with local artists in Philadelphia and Manhattan and touring the northeastern states. During his time in Los Angeles he performed in cover bands, jazz/Latin groups and for dozens of independent artists. He also had the privilege to work with some well know artists, such as Scott Shriner of Weezer, Nikki Sixx of M�tley Cr�e, and The Blue Man Group.
Teaching drums is just as much a passion of his as is drum performance and recording. In 2005 he was hired as the drum instructor at Los Angeles City College. Since then, he has authored three different drum books and has taught music at Southern California Music School, Alhambra School of Music, Pasadena City College, LA Valley College, LA Academy and several other institutions.
Andrew was awarded Teacher of the Year 2007/2008 at Southern California Music School. He also received Best Drummer Award at the Emergenza's Battle of the Bands contest in 2005. Under Andrew's instruction, Carver Middle School was also awarded 1st place during the NVISION Battle of the Bands contest in 2010.
The first time I played a drum set was in 3rd grade music class. I was hooked. I now love the feeling of getting a piece of music, scratching through it a few times, making mistakes, fixing mistakes, rehearsing, rehearsing more, then playing it on stage for a stale audience that ends screaming for an encore.
In Elementary School I experienced 2 types of music lessons.
#1 Lessons that were too structured and boring because students were not able to have success at each lesson. The focus was on the structure vs. enjoyment.
#2 Lessons that were very fun and challenging to work towards because students could see progress each week.
From that experience I am very confident that my enthusiasm towards learning percussion will be challenging and rewarding.
My music career has taken me anywhere from small church venues to theater orchestras including:
-Kensington Community Church (Troy, MI)
-The Rochester College Concert Band (Rochester, MI)
-The Box Theatre (Mt. Clemens, MI)
-Hope Community Church (Mt. Laurel, NJ)
-Liberti Church (Center City Philadelphia)
-Epic Church (Center City Philadelphia)
Drum, Music Performance, Music Recording, Music Theory
Currently a music performance major at Temple University
Associates in Applied Science
Major- Sound Recording and Music Technology
I can teach all styles from reggae, funk, jazz, rock or blues to heavy metal. I can also introduce students to recording and preparing for the studio. I am currently in TOOL tribute band and working on several recording projects.
Paul Green School of Rock Music, Music Director 2001-2009
Philadelphia/Southampton, PA
Produced and directed 25 concerts of varied genres of music
Responsible for teaching students reading techniques, song form, sound production and drumming fundamentals.
Educated individuals and groups in an extensive variety of musical styles
Instructed students ages 6-18 yrs in drum set and snare studies
St. Martin's Catholic Elementary, Drum Instructor Feb 2000-Jan 2011
Philadelphia, PA
Taught percussion ensemble
Tutored intensive individual instruction
Facilitated drum and snare studies
Prepared students for school concerts
Lansdale Catholic School, Drum Instructor Sept 1991-June 2000
Lansdale, PA
Taught marching band
Drum, Guitar, Percussion
I began playing drums at the age of 9, guitar at 10, started my first rock band at 11 and I've never stopped playing music since. After playing in the concert band, jazz band and marching band in high school, I went on to Temple University where I earned my Bachelors degree in Jazz Performance on the drum set. Since graduating in 2006, I have been teaching both drums and guitar professionally all over the greater Philadelphia area.
In addition to my teaching experience, I have performed, recorded and toured the US and Europe with many different groups ranging from jazz to rock to metal.
Drum, Piano, Clarinet, Flute, Percussion, Saxophone, Trumpet
Remedial reading coach at Prospect Park School. Former General music teacher and chorus teacher at St Monica's School in Philadelphia. Former director of the Delaware County Concert Band and served as music director for the Glenolden Young People's Performing Arts Club. Orchestra Sub for Arden Theater Company's production of Sweeney Todd. Substitute Music and Pre kindergarten teacher at Media Providence Friends School 2001 to 2003. Member of Chester City Band 1987 to 2000. Piccolo chair UpperDarby Sousa Band 1987 to 1993. Recorded with the Porch Chops in 1993 and Upper Darby Sousa Band in 1987. Orchestra Member Upper Darby Summer Stage 1987-1993. Played in Upper Darby Jazz Festival in 1989. Won Soloist award. Played with Settlement Music School Jazz ensemble 1987 to 1989. Played at the Roam and Hass Jazz festival at Settlement Music School in 1988. Founding member of flute ensemble Flutes in a Chord. Studied with Christine Dalsey . Studied Jazz with Lovett Hines. Attended Masterclasses with Nestor Torres and David Cramer. Specialist in early childhood education, pre-school music and Ethnomusicology with a focus on Asian Music. Member of the Flute Society of Greater Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Flute Choir.
Flute, Jazz Flute, Flute Choir B.A. in Music, Temple University.
Bass Guitar, Drum, Guitar, Piano, Singing, Violin, Broadway Singing, Cello, Classical Guitar, Flamenco Guitar, Mandolin, Music Performance, Music Recording, Music Theory, Percussion, Reading, Songwriting, Speaking Voice, Ukulele, Fiddle, Organ, Upright Bass, Viola
A professional musician and music instructor for over 30 years, Mike has established himself as not only a world class player but also an excellent teacher of all ages and skill levels. He teaches for several area conservatories and hosts master classes on composition, performance, guitar and bass improvisation. Mike now offers lessons in his professional home studio.
The drums are a very versatile instrument; they are used in every style of music, from hip hop to jazz to rock. No matter which style youâre interested in, taking Philadelphia drum lessons will help you hone your techniques and skills to take your playing to the next level. Learning the drums will also allow you to better appreciate all types of music and enjoy local festivals such as the West Oak Jazz Festival and the Philadelphia Folk Festival.
Whether you are a beginner, intermediate or advanced drummer, our pre-screened and certified instructors are committed to helping you reach all of your goals. Your lessons will be customized for your individual needs, and your online account will help you stay organized and focused. We also offer flexible schedules, several studio
"Steven is very professional and extremely helpful. He always has a smile on and is serious about helping you phrase the music. I would highly recommend him to anyone."
"It's been really exciting so far! Jordan has been so helpful, so knowledgeable. I could not have found a better instructor and I'm getting better and better every day."
"My daughter's wedding was weeks away and I had never been able to dance a step. With Jenny's help, I came further than ever before in such short time in any subject."


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Reviews of Latest Sony TV Recorders and Receivers, 200 - 500 Pounds
Your Selections
CNET UK > Reviews > TVs and Home Cinema > TV Recorders and Receivers
Sony RDR-HXD995 review
Despite all the awful shopping channels, there's a wealth of great TV to record on Freeview. For maximum flexibility you'll want a DVD recorder and PVR with plenty of storage space, and that can record cable or satellite from a number of inputs. The Sony RDR-HXD995 fits the bill, with 1080p upscaling to boot Read more
29 August 2008 by Ian Morris


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cosplay pair Pairs
Artist description:
i found lovely ref for this one and i gotta draw it :)
phoenix wright and maya fey cosplaying as proffesor layton and luke :) plss leave a comment
Created Feb 27, 2011. Unless noted Copyright 2011
rei_619 .
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Post a comment
Aahahaha! AMAZING! Phoenix Wright (and Apollo Justice) is my favorite Nint.DS games, I actually just finished defending Maya, I play it way too much xD This is genious, as simple as that :) Favs! I love your colouring technique!
I have to say it!! OBJECTION!! -points- Gaahh I love ace attorney, i have the game =w= And miles too!! Awesome job!! Very unique!! :D 5/5 and faves!!!
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Re-engineered with a solid forged design that eliminates the possibility of the ends breaking due to corrosion, the suspension stabilizer bar offers top- notch durability. It's also a great value. More like a complete kit than a single part, all bushings, brackets and mounting hardware are included for a complete repair.
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Is this a question?
Only give the book to Tony
Is this a question?
Your member profile shows your native language as British English, so which part of that sentence in your own language is causing you confusion?
The two posts you have made so far contain nothing but a title and a sentence. Neither sentence ended with a full stop. Neither post contained a question. (For info, this is the other post.)
Do you need some help to understand how the forum works?
Remember - correct capitalisation, punctuation and spacing make posts much easier to read.
In the other thread, you liked the posts from bhai and me asking if you had a question - and then there was silence.
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Your thread title should include all or part of the word/phrase being discussed.
If you just want to know the meaning of a word, try OneLook Dictionary Search first.


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- The Velvet Big Daddy adult mens costume consists of a purple 100% polyester jacket trimmed with a faux leopard print, purple pants and a purple hat trimmed with the same faux leopard print and a feather.
- Feather must be kept dry; do not wear in rain.
Comments about Velvet Big Daddy Costume:
The only things about this product that as are described are color, fabric, and the hat. The size is described as standard, but the cut is plus sized. I tried on a standard mens size at the store and it fit my 200 lb female frame perfectly. This one is huge and made for a much larger person, male or female. In fact the top would fit a woman who wears a 3x. The buttons were missing so it has just a ridiculous seam running down the middle of the front. I can't do anything with this thing unless I am an experienced seamstress and I am CERTAINLY not paying anyone to make it right. So so disappointed.
Comments about Velvet Big Daddy Costume:
this outfit is perfect for nights out on the town with my dog whos name is elmer


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The Sarasota Scullers Youth Rowing team ended its fall race season by winning the first-place overall team points trophy Nov. 7 and 8 at the Head of the Hooch Regatta in Chattanooga, Tenn.
Following a successful overall second-place finish last year, the team accomplished its victory by winning three gold medals, two silver medals and one bronze medal.
The Head of the Hooch is the largest headrace in the United States, with more than 8,600 youth, college and master rowers from 30 states and Canada competing on a 5,000-meter racecourse.
The Scullers will compete Dec. 5 at the Sunrise Sprints Regatta in Orlando.
Contact Loren Mayo at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Currently 0 Responses
- Mar
12 Mardi Gras comes to Sarasota
6:00 pm - Mar
13 Paris Flea Market - An Upscale Sale
4:00 pm - 7:00 pm - Mar
14 Paris Flea Market - An Upscale Sale
10:00 am - 5:00 pm - Mar
15 Gardens in Paradise
10:00 am - 5:00 pm - Mar
15 Sarasota Spring Fine Art Festival
10:00 am - 5:00 pm - Mar
17 Nia with Gail in Sarasota
4:45 pm - 5:45 pm - Mar
20 Town Hall Series: Leon Panetta
10:30 am - Mar
20 Reason to Hope
11:00 am
Key member
The Church of the Redeemer celebrated its organist and choirmaster, Ann Stephenson-Moe, for her 40 years of service Saturday, Feb. 22. -
Pickin' picnic
Bluegrass fans flocked to Siesta Key Saturday for the Turtle Beach Bluegrass Picnic. -
Tick Tock
Daylight Saving Time starts 2 a.m. Sunday, so be sure to set your alarm accordingly.


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Q: Who can be the fiscal agent for the grant?
A: Only the primary applicants, that is, the local education agencies (LEAs) or the postsecondary institutions can be fiscal agents for the grant. Non-profit organizations and RESAs cannot be the primary applicants and, therefore, cannot be the fiscal agents.
Last Updated
10th of August, 2012


text: 4 Amazing DIY PlanesAnd How to Build Your Own Of the 23,000 amateur-built planes in the U.S., most were built from professional designs or kits. Not these four. The pilots behind these DIY aircraft tell us their inspiration, and we tell you how to realize your own aviation ambitions. Plus, check out our full cover story on DIY flight. By Jeff Wise Email Comments 0 Share Back 3 of 6 Next Return to Gallery Return to Gallery Bill Yeates Back Next View Larger View Thumbnails Mark Stull LOCATION: Christoval, Texas PLANE: Lucky Stars Homebuilt airplane pilots are motivated by more than aerodynamics. Mark Stull built Lucky Stars with a 4.5-foot-diameter ring tail. It took some clever engineeringand some hair-raising test flightsto make it work. Stull added a hydraulic damper to ensure that the tail didn't swing too far to the side, and balanced the tail by adding weights to the ring. He then moved the seat forward to maintain the craft's center of gravity. Return to Gallery Return to Gallery Return to Gallery Return to Gallery Back 3 of 6 Next Return to Gallery Back Next Return to Slideshow Related News


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The seven artists were selected out of 83 applicants. The artists selected, along with their art medium, are:
Andrew Bedo, photographer from Rosenberg, Texas
Scott Eldridge, photographer from Vienna, Va.
Mark McDermott, visual artist from Anchorage, Alaska
Brian Slawson, visual artist from Topeka, Kan.
Walt Hester, photographer from Estes Park
Emily Harrington, visual artist from Missoula, Mont.
Roger Wolfe, video photographer from Fort Collins, Colo.
In addition to these artists, a special selection was included this year, with the choice of Leah Kegerreis, an eight-year-old artist from Texas.
Artists are given two-week residencies at the William Allen White cabin from June through September. During their stay at the park, artists share their vision in two public presentations. These presentations are held on Wednesday evenings at 7:30 p.m. at the Beaver Meadows Visitor Center auditorium from June 8 through Sept. 17. For a specific schedule and to learn more about these artists, go to: http://nps.gov/romo/supportyourpark/artist_in_residence_selectees_2011.htm.
Artists have had a long-standing impact on the formation, expansion and direction of our country`s national parks. Musicians, composers, painters, writers, sculptors and other performing artists also draw upon the multifaceted quality of parks for inspiration.
All of these artists translate the national park`s purpose, as a place of pleasure and preservation, into images that bring others enjoyment and a deeper understanding of the parks some may never visit. Rocky Mountain National Park`s Artist-In-Residence program provides artists the opportunity to become a part of a long-established tradition of artists in our national parks.For more information about Rocky Mountain National Park, please contact the park information office at (970) 586-1206.


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New day. New Daily Deal. Get it before it is gone.
New Customer ? Start Here.
Can't find what you're looking for? Shop all ink and toner cartridges by brand
New day. New Daily Deal. Get it before it is gone.
Item: 212298 Model: BLCHC0956M775
Ballistic® Hard Core V6 case in navy/cobalt compatible with phone 5 provides 5 layers of protection against impacts. Case has a water resistant mesh over speakers, comprises a screen protector and a rotating holster with swivel clip and video stand.
This Web site is intended for use by US residents only. See International Sites. See our delivery policy for full details. Copyright 2013, Staples, Inc., All Rights Reserved.


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The Conquest of the Antarctic |
What people are saying - Write a review
We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.
Common terms and phrases
Adelie Land adventure aircraft Antarctic Circle Antarctica Argentine Argentinian Aurora Australia base blizzard Britain British Byrd camp Captain coast Coats Land continent crevasses crossing Deception Island Depot equipment Ernest Shackleton expedition expedition's explorers Falkland Islands Falkland Islands Dependencies February feet Ferrar Glacier floes freezing frozen Fuchs Glacier Government Graham Land hundred miles huskies ice pack International Geophysical Islands Dependencies Survey January John Biscoe journey later latitude leader Magnetic March Mawson McMurdo Sound Mertz Mirny mountains Navy organisation pack ice party Paul Popper penguins plane polar radio region Ross Sea Ross Sea Committee route Royal Society Russian sailed scientific scientists Scott Sea ice ship shore Sir Edmund Hillary Sir Ernest sledges snow South Georgia South Pole southern station supplies territory Theron thousand tons Tottan Trans-Antarctic Vahsel Bay vessel voyage weather Weddell Sea whaling wind winter Zealand
References from web pages
Some Antarctic Collections
The Conquest of the Antarctic. London, [1956]. 67-56-63. Levick. Antarctic Penguins, A Study of Their Social . . . London, [1915]. 67-56-64 ...
www.antarctic-circle.org/ collections.htm
JSTOR: Exploring Antarctica Vicariously: A Survey of Recent Literature
His book, "The Conquest of the Antarctic,"49 describes Fuchs's plans and ... 49 Norman Kemp: The Conquest of the Antarctic. viii and 152 pp.; map, ills. ...
links.jstor.org/ sici?sici=0016-7428(195807)48%3A3%3C406%3AEAVASO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P


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Meet the guy at the other end of that security camera. Bob Rini is a security guard at Seattle's Henry Art Museum. He spends his days watching people who are watching art. Then he goes home and makes art. Produced by Harriet Baskas.
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Instructor in the Rabb School of Continuing Studies, Division of Graduate Professional Studies.
B.S., University of Massachusetts
Field of Specialty
IT Security and Compliance
Contact Information
Richard Messier
Ric Messier, CEH, CISSP, is a senior security consultant who first experienced what is now called the Internet nearly 30 years ago. Ric worked for several years at one of the world's largest service providers, providing security guidance. He also worked for several years as the leader in VoIP technologies, providing security leadership for their product lines.
Courses Taught
RIAS | 115 | Information Technology Forensics and Investigations |
RIAS | 125 | Principles of Incident Response and Disaster Recovery |
RIAS | 172 | Network Security |
RIAS | 190 | Special Topics in Information Assurance and Security |
RMGT | 175 | IT Security and Compliance |


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- 47Recommend It!
- 4,119views
CD/LP/Track Review
Joel Harrison 7: Search (2012)
There's plenty of firepower on Search, too, much of it coming from tenor saxophonist Donny McCaslin , whose passionate performance pushes "A Magnificent Death"one of four Harrison originalswell into the stratosphere, bolstered with similar heat by bassist Stephan Crump and drummer Clarence Penn . But that's only one aspect of an episodic, fifteen-minute reflection on the passing of a close friend in 2009, with references to Philip Glass in its passages of relentless arpeggiation and long-toned themes.
Harrison's choice of string players has always been predicated on being improv-capable, and violinist Christian Howes back, with cellist Dana Leong , from Paul Motianis a truly unfettered soloist, but one who still chooses his moments with care, as he does on the guitarist's "All the Previous Pages Are Gone," responding to Crump and Penn's pliant shifts in feel from a simmering tumult to fervent swing. Crump is featured on "The Beauty of Failure," a tune whose painful lyricism mirrors its name, the bassist grabbing his own compelling melodies out of the air, accompanied sparely by only pianist Gary Versace and Harrison.
Harrison couldn't have chosen a more diametrically opposed set of covers, though they do workeven back-to-back. Olivier Messiaen's "O Sacrum Convivum" is a rubato tone poem featuring a clean-toned solo from Harrison, whose compositional and arranging acumen threatenbut thankfully don't succeedto overshadow his skill as a player. But it's Harrison's rework of Allman Brothers Band 's classic 11/4 workout "Whipping Post," which precedes "O Sacrum Convivium," that's Search's biggest surprise. An full-bodied arrangement still leaves plenty of jamband room for incendiary solos from Leong and Penn, leading to a closing section where Harrison's transcription of Duane Allman and Dickey Betts' twin-guitar salvo for saxophone and violin open up into a gritty slide guitar a capella. Search closes with the solo piano title track, co-written by Harrison and Versace. An arpeggio-driven miniature it reflects, fugue-like, on the rest of the album, even closing with a "Whipping Post" theme, albeit more harmonically oblique. It's a fitting coda to an exploratory album filled with memorable themes over sometimes complex compositional constructs, played by a killer septet flexible enough to handle cinematic through-composition with the same aplomb it demonstrates in more open-ended contexts.
Track Listing: Grass Valley and Beyond; A Magnificent Death; All the Previous Pages are Gone; The Beauty of Failure; Whipping Post; O Sacrum Convivium; Search.
Personnel: Joel Harrison: guitar; Donny McCaslin: tenor saxophone; Gary Versace: piano, Hammond B-3; Christian Howes: violin; Dana Leong: cello; Stephan Crump: bass; Clarence Penn: drums.
Record Label: Sunnyside Records
Style: Beyond Jazz


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when do you want to visit nyc?
1 of 10
While well worth the price tag, hitting all of New York City's neighborhoods, sights and eateries can put a serious strain on your wallet. But travelers and locals on a budget don't have to stay away from the great outings offered by NYC tour operators. Many are completely free or tip-based, which means you can save that pocket change for one of the City's best pizza slices or for cab fare home after a night on the town. And you thought nothing was free nowadays.
Get deals and recommendations on citywide events for locals and visitors.


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A year-and-a-half ago, Rascal Flatts almost called it quits.
The band, which has sold 21 million albums and is the most awarded country group in the last decade, was in a downhill spiral. Their previous five singles had failed to top charts, although a couple got close. Ticket sales were down. They stopped winning awards, and in some cases, were not even nominated in categories that used to be a given.
Communication had completely stopped among the trioâs members.
âIt was going bad,â says singer Gary LeVox in the bandâs new movie, Rascal Flatts â Changed: One Night Exclusive Movie Theatre Event. âIt was going south to the point where I think everybody wanted to quit.â
âThe dynamic is so different now than it was, but there were some really tough years,â adds bass player Jay DeMarcus. âDo we really want to do this for another 10 years? Do we have 10 years left in us? Do we have something left to say as a band?â
Now, Rascal Flatts is nominated for Group of the Year at tonightâs Academy of Country Music Awards, and will perform new Top 10 single âBanjo,â which features comedian and bluegrass performer Steve Martin on the namesake instrument. Changed, Rascal Flattsâ new album â the first they made under new management and with a new record label â comes out Tuesday.


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We've been benchmarking and field-testing new Windows 8 systems, including all-in-one desktops, traditional clamshell laptops and convertible laptops with displays that flip or twist around to form tabletlike devices.
Dell XPS One 27
Rating: 4 stars out of 5 (Excellent)
The good: Boasts the highest-display resolution among Windows 8 all-in-ones, and at an aggressive price.
The bad: A new adjustable display support arm is welcome, but stops short of reclining a full 90 degrees.
The cost: $1,999.99 to $2,099
The bottom line: Updated with a touch screen, a new stand and up-to-date components, the Dell XPS One 27 leads the inaugural class of Windows 8 PCs.
HP Envy TouchSmart Ultrabook 4
Rating: 3.5 stars out of 5 (Very good)
The good: An attractive ultrabook with a respectable mix of components for its price, a responsive touch screen and a backlit keyboard.
The bad: It isn't very configurable, so you can't make it too much more powerful than it already is. It's on the heavy side for an "ultrabook" (if you consider 4.5 pounds heavy). Its touch pad is jumpy at default settings.
The cost: $799.99 to $974.98
The bottom line: The HP Envy TouchSmart Ultrabook 4 is a good gateway to the Windows 8 experience with a responsive touch screen in a traditional laptop body.
Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13
Rating: 4 stars out of 5 (Excellent)
The good: Looks as good as any 13-inch ultrabook, with the added attraction of a 360-degree screen and a laptop body that can fold into a tent, stand or slate.
The bad: Tablet mode leaves the keyboard exposed, and the Yoga 13 costs more than standard ultrabooks with similar components.
The cost: $1,099
The bottom line: The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13 is a convertible touch-screen laptop/tablet that most importantly doesn't compromise the traditional laptop experience.
Microsoft Surface RT
Rating: 3.5 stars out of 5 (Very good)
The good: Interface is innovative, elegant, powerful, and versatile. The tablet feels strong and well-built, includes Office 2013 and offers rich video and music services. Its keyboard cover accessories are the best ways to type on a tablet, period.
The bad: The tablet has sluggish performance, its Windows Store is a ghost town, Metro requires some practice to get the hang of and the desktop interface feels clunky and useless.
The cost: $499 to $599
The bottom line: If you're an early adopter willing to forget everything you know about navigating a computer, the Surface tablet could replace your laptop. Everyone else: wait for more apps.


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Dallas Summer Camps!
Mrs. McVeigh's Manner's Summer Camps
June 10-14 or June 17-21 9:30 am - 12:30 pm Episcopal School of Dallas $200 per child, ages 5-11 Register at www.ESD.org
For all camps, please bring a lunch, a bottled water, and napkin. Topics change in each camp, but always include table manners, meeting and greeting, and how to set a table.


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A collection of news and information related to Kuwait published by this site and its partners.
Top Kuwait Articles
Displaying items 67-77
KUWAIT: 2,000 rally to demand resignation of embattled prime minister
Story | May 28, 2011 | 4:32 AMPressure is building on Kuwait's embattled Prime Minister Sheikh Nasser Mohammad Ahmad Sabah, who has come under fire for refusing to be questioned in parliament for allegedly misusing public funds, among other accusations. Around 2,000 people took to the... -
KUWAIT: Court sentences 3 to death for being part of Iranian spy ring
Story | Mar 29, 2011 | 4:32 PMA Kuwaiti criminal court condemned two Iranians and a Kuwaiti national to death on Tuesday for being part of an Iranian spy ring, media reports say. A Syrian national and a stateless Arab were also handed life sentences at the...... -
KUWAIT, IRAN: Iranian diplomats to be expelled over spy ring row in latest spat in Arab Gulf-Iranian relations
Story | Apr 2, 2011 | 4:32 PMKuwait is reportedly ready to boot out a number of Iranian diplomats for alleged links to a spy ring working for Tehran in the latest spat in ties between Sunni Arab Gulf states and Shiite Iran. According to Kuwait's foreign...... -
Oil falls, but gasoline prices are still rising
Story | Apr 18, 2011 | 4:35 PMOil prices took a tumble, but the relentless rise in retail gasoline prices continued overnight. The national average for a gallon of regular gasoline reached $3.833 Monday, according to the AAA Fuel Gauge Report, which is compiled by the Oil...... -
KUWAIT: Riot police break up protest by stateless Arabs
Story | Mar 11, 2011 | 4:32 PMPolice in anti-riot gear descended Friday on a small protest rally near Kuwait City that was staged by stateless Arabs demanding greater rights, media reports said. According to the Reuters news agency, despite a stern warning from the new minister...... -
KUWAIT: U.S. confirms detention of American citizen who claims being beaten
Story | Jan 8, 2011 | 4:32 PMA U.S. official has confirmed that an American citizen of Somali origin who claims he was beaten by security agents in Kuwait while they were interrogating him about his travels in Yemen and Somalia is being held in detention in...... -
MIDDLE EAST: In wake of WikiLeaks scandal, Arab leaders are cautious on Iran censure
Story | Dec 8, 2010 | 4:32 PMArabian peninsula states have adopted a conciliatory tone on Iran a little over a week after U.S. diplomatic cables released by the watchdog site WikiLeaks appeared to show serious anxiety among Arab leaders over Tehran's growing power, and even... -
KUWAIT: Telecom privatization accompanied by crackdown on civil liberties
Story | Nov 20, 2010 | 4:32 PMIn the Persian Gulf, at least, capitalism does not equal freedom. In Kuwait, the government has announced plans to privatize phone and mail services while at the same time increasing censorship. It has begun shutting down all pornographic websites, and...... -
MIDDLE EAST: Eid al Adha animal slaughter sparks debate in Muslim world
Story | Nov 17, 2010 | 4:32 PMAnimal rights activists are speaking out against the treatment of millions of animals that will be killed and eaten during the Eid al Adha holiday, as suppliers and butchers are accused of ignoring religious edicts on humane slaughter. On Friday,...... -
KUWAIT: Armed mob descends on TV station after show that criticizes ruling family
Story | Oct 19, 2010 | 4:32 PMThe studios of the privately owned media outlet Scope TV in Kuwait lay in shambles Tuesday after a mob of 150 people armed with knives and pistols stormed its offices over the weekend, smashing windows and hitting the staff shortly...... -
KUWAIT: Islamic purists hound education minister
Story | Jul 23, 2010 | 4:32 PMKuwaitâs education chief has run up against the fire and brimstone of puritanical Muslim members of parliament for her recent decision to tone down the incendiary religious content of the nation's school curriculum. In late June, reports surfaced that...


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
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Prep Time:
Cook Time:
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This is a yummy marinade that would be equally terrific on chicken or pork tenderloin.
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Serving Size: 1 (150 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 4
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white peppercorns
five-spice powder
wasabi powder


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Defines a useful pseudo event: :once
as well as the definePseudo
method to create your own. See also the :relay
pseudo in Element.Delegation.
The event will only fire once. The once pseudo will remove itself after the first excecution.
myElement.addEvent('click:once', function(){ alert('you clicked me'); }); // If the user clicks the element twice, it will only once alert 'you clicked me'
This is exactly the same as the Events.Pseudos :once pseudo event.
Makes sure the event is not fired more than once in a certain timespan. This is especially useful for events that might fire a lot, like the scroll, resize or keydown events. To get better performance instead of executing a heavy function, like Request a lot of times, the event only fired once in, for example, 250 milliseconds.
The default timespan is 250 milliseconds.
$('myElement').addEvent('scroll:throttle', function(){ // Will only fire once every 250 ms }); window.addEvent('resize:throttle(400)', function(){ // Will only fire once every 400 ms });
This is exactly the same as the Events.Pseudos :throttle pseudo event.
The event is only fired when the original event is not fired again in the given time. So when the first event is fired, and a second after 100 ms, the first event is cancelled and only the second is fired. This is useful for example with field autocompletion which uses Request.
The default pausetime is 250 milliseconds.
$('myElement').addEvent('keydown:pause', function(){ // Default time is 250 ms }); $('myElement').addEvent('keydown:pause(100)', function(){ // The pause time is now 100 ms. });
This is exactly the same as the Events.Pseudos :pause pseudo event.
It's possible to define your own pseudos with DOMEvent.definePseudo
DOMEvent.definePseudo(name, fn);
will become click:once
fn(split, fn, args){
and )
and (
method. So it is the 'fn' in myEvent.addEvent('event:pseudo', fn)
The this
variable refers to the Element where the event is added to.
This is how the :once pseudo is implemented
DOMEvent.definePseudo('once', function(split, fn, args){ fn.apply(this, args); this.removeEvent(split.original, fn); });
This documentation is released under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License.


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Definition of sundial in English:
Syllabification: sun·di·alPronunciation: /ˈsənˌdīl
- 1An instrument showing the time by the shadow of a pointer cast by the sun onto a plate marked with the hours of the day.More example sentences
- In the center of the parking lot was a towering white building, casting a shadow like a gargantuan sundial.
- The upper shelf contains a celestial globe, and several extremely specialized scientific instruments: quadrants, sundials, and a torquetum (a timepiece and navigational aid).
- Time can be measured exactly by clocks and sundials, but human beings can rarely measure time accurately, for the feeling of the passage of time varies in each human being, and even then is not constant but varies with moods and events.


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Three weeks ago, Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling conjured an Internet frenzy when she and Warner Bros. announced that a new adaptation of her book Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, a popular supplement to her Potter series was in the works. The announcement revealed that the film will be set in the same wizarding world as Harry Potter — but follow magizoologist Newt Scamander, a professor of magical creatures, and take place 70 years before Harry's journey began.
EW caught up with David Heyman, who produced all eight of the original Harry Potter films, on the red carpet of his latest spectacle, Gravity (which reunited him with Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban director Alfonso Cuaron), and asked him to dish about Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them — or "Fantastic Beasts" as he called it for short.
Heyman, who confirmed that he will be producing the film, said that Rowling hasn't turned in a finished script just yet, but that "Jo is at work" and tremendously excited about the project. "She's not doing it for any other reason other than she loves the world and she had a story that she wanted to tell," he said.


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Press release by Clallam County Sheriff
Above is a photo of the vehicle that Mario Hackney drives. There is an arrest warrant for attempted murder and unlawful possession of a firearm on Mario Hackney. The shotgun has not been recovered and Mario is considered armed and very dangerous.
Call 9-1-1 if you see Mr. Hackney. You can also submit anonymous tips at: http://www.clallam.net/sheriff/
The Clallam County Sheriff's Office is attempting to locate armed and dangerous subject, Mario Hackney.


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Acetaldehyde | |
ethanal |
Other names
Acetic Aldehyde |
Identifiers | |
CAS number | 75-07-0 |
PubChem | 177 |
ChemSpider | 172 |
EC number | 200-836-8 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:15343 |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL170365 |
RTECS number | AB1925000 |
Jmol-3D images | Image 1 Image 2 |
Properties | |
Molecular formula | C2H4O |
Molar mass | 44.05 g mol−1 |
Appearance | Colourless liquid Etherial odor |
Density | 0.784 g·cm−3 (20 °C) [2]
0.7904–0.7928 g·cm−3 (10 °C)[2] |
Melting point | −123.37 °C; −190.07 °F; 149.78 K |
Boiling point | 20.2 °C; 68.4 °F; 293.3 K |
Solubility in water | soluble |
Solubility | miscible with ethanol, ether, benzene, toluene, xylene, turpentine, acetone slightly soluble in chloroform |
log P | -0.34 |
Acidity (pKa) | 13.57 |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.3316 |
Viscosity | ~0.215 at 20 °C |
Structure | |
Molecular shape | trigonal planar (sp²) at C1 tetrahedral (sp³) at C2 |
Dipole moment | 2.7 D |
Thermochemistry | |
Std molar entropy S |
250 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−166 kJ·mol−1 |
Hazards | |
MSDS | External MSDS |
GHS pictograms | [3] |
GHS hazard statements | H224, H319, H335, H351[3] |
GHS precautionary statements | P210, P261, P281, P305+351+338[3] |
EU classification | Very flammable (F+) Harmful (Xn) Carc. Cat. 3 |
R-phrases | R12 R36/37 R40 |
S-phrases | (S2) S16 S33 S36/37 |
Flash point | −39.00 °C; −38.20 °F; 234.15 K |
Autoignition temperature | 185.00 °C; 365.00 °F; 458.15 K |
Explosive limits | 4.0-60% |
LD50 | 1930 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
Related compounds | |
Related aldehydes | Formaldehyde Propionaldehyde |
Related compounds | Ethylene oxide |
Supplementary data page | |
Structure and properties |
n, εr, etc. |
Thermodynamic data |
Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
(verify) (what is: / ?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) |
Infobox references |
Acetaldehyde (systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO, sometimes abbreviated by chemists as MeCHO (Me = methyl). It is one of the most important aldehydes, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee, bread, and ripe fruit, and is produced by plants. It is also produced by the partial oxidation of ethanol and may be a contributing factor to hangovers from alcohol consumption, produced in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Pathways of exposure include air, water, land, or groundwater, as well as drink and smoke.[4] Consumption of disulfiram inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde, thereby causing it to build up in the body.
Acetaldehyde was first observed by the Swedish pharmacist/chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774);[5] it was then investigated by the French chemists Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy and Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1800), and the German chemists Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (1821, 1822, 1832)[6] and Justus von Liebig (1835).[7] In 1835, Liebig named it "aldehyde";[8] the name was later altered to "acetaldehyde".[9]
In 2003, global production was about 1 million tonnes. Before 1962, ethanol and acetylene were the major sources of acetaldehyde. Since then, ethylene is the dominant feedstock.[10]
The main production method is the oxidation of ethylene via the Wacker process. The process involves oxidation of ethylene using a homogeneous palladium/copper system:
In the 1970s, the world capacity of this process, the Wacker-Hoechst direct oxidation, increased to over 2×10^6 t/a.
Also, when smaller capacities are required, it can also be prepared by the partial oxidation of ethanol, in an exothermic reaction. This process typically is conducted over a silver catalyst at about 500-650 °C.[10]
This method is one of the oldest routes for the industrial of preparation of acetaldehyde.
Acetaldehyde is produced by the hydration of acetylene, catalyzed by mercury salts. The reaction produces ethenol, which tautomerizes to acetaldehyde. This industrial route was dominant prior to the Wacker process.[11] One drawback of this process is the formation of polymerization and condensation products of acetaldehyde. Furthermore, the production of acetylene is costly and environmentally problematic. The wet oxidation process was used before the Wacker process was commercially established. Iron(III) sulfate is added to reoxidize the mercury metal to the mercury(II) salt to maintain required concentration of catalyst and, thus, avoiding direct handling of mercury. Acetylene reacts at 90-95oC and the acetaldehyde formed is separated from water and mercury and cooled to 25-30oC. Iron(II) sulfate is formed in the reaction and is oxidized in a separate reactor with 30% nitric acid at 95oC. Pure acetaldehyde is obtained by fractional distillation of the aqueous solution at about 200 kPa.
Other methods[edit]
Traditionally but no longer viable economically, acetaldehyde was produced by the partial dehydrogenation of ethanol:
In this endothermic process, ethanol vapor is passed at 260–290°C over a copper-based catalyst. The process was once attractive because of the value of the hydrogen coproduct.[10]
The hydroformylation of methanol catalysts like cobalt, nickel, or iron salts produces acetaldehyde. This process is of no industrial importance. Similarly noncompetitive, acetaldehyde arises from synthesis gas with modest selectivity.[10]
Like many other carbonyl compounds, acetaldehyde tautomerizes to give the enol. The enol of acetaldehyde is vinyl alcohol (IUPAC name: ethenol):
The equilibrium constant is only 6 x 10−7 at room temperature, so that the amount of the enol in a sample of acetaldehyde is very small.[12]
Condensation reactions[edit]
Because of its small size and its availability as the anhydrous monomer (unlike formaldehyde), it is a common electrophile in organic synthesis.[13] With respect to its condensation reactions, acetaldehyde is prochiral. It is mainly used as a source of the "CH3C+H(OH)" synthon in aldol and related condensation reactions.[14] Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds react with MeCHO to give hydroxyethyl derivatives.[15] In one of the more spectacular condensation reactions, three equivalents of formaldehyde add to MeCHO to give pentaerythritol, C(CH2OH)4.[16]
In a Strecker reaction, acetaldehyde condenses with cyanide and ammonia to give, after hydrolysis, the amino acid alanine.[17] Acetaldehyde can condense with amines to yield imines, such as the condensation with cyclohexylamine to give N-ethylidenecyclohexylamine. These imines can be used to direct subsequent reactions like an aldol condensation.[18]
It is also an important building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. A remarkable example is its conversion upon treatment with ammonia to 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine ("aldehyde-collidine").[19]
Acetal derivatives[edit]
Three molecules of acetaldehyde condense to form "paraldehyde," a cyclic trimer containing C-O single bonds. The condensation of four molecules of acetaldehyde give the cyclic molecule called metaldehyde.
Acetaldehyde forms a stable acetal upon reaction with ethanol under conditions that favor dehydration. The product, CH3CH(OCH2CH3)2, is in fact called "acetal".[20] although acetal is used more widely to describe other compounds with the formula RCH(OR')2
In the liver, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes ethanol into acetaldehyde, which is then further oxidized into harmless acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. These two oxidation reactions are coupled with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH.[21] In the brain, alcohol dehydrogenase has a minor role in the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Instead, primarily the enzyme catalase oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde.[21] The last steps of alcoholic fermentation in bacteria, plants, and yeast involve the conversion of pyruvate into acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide by the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase, followed by the conversion of acetaldehyde into ethanol. The latter reaction is again catalyzed by an alcohol dehydrogenase, now operating in the opposite direction.
Traditionally, acetaldehyde was mainly used as a precursor to acetic acid. This application has declined because acetic acid is made more efficiently from methanol by the Monsanto and Cativa processes. In terms of condensation reactions, acetaldehyde is an important precursor to pyridine derivatives, pentaerythritol, and crotonaldehyde. Urea and acetaldehyde combine to give a useful resin. Acetic anhydride reacts with acetaldehyde to give ethylidene diacetate, a precursor to vinyl acetate, which is used to produce polyvinyl acetate.
Global market for acetaldehyde is declining. Demand has been impacted by changes in the production of plasticizer alcohols, which has shifted from n-butyraldehyde based on acetaldehyde to hydroformylation of propylene. Likewise, acetic acid, once produced from acetaldehyde, is made predominantly by the lower-cost methanol carbonylation process.[22] The impact on demand has led to increase in prices and thus slowdown in the market.
Consumption of acetaldehyde (103 t) in 2003[10]
(* Included in others -glyoxal/glyoxalic acid, crotonaldehyde, lactic acid, n-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol)
Product | USA | Mexico | W. Europe | Japan | Total |
Acetic Acid/Acetic anhydride | - | 11 | 89 | 47 | 147 |
Acetate esters | 35 | 8 | 54 | 224 | 321 |
Pentaerythritol | 26 | - | 43 | 11 | 80 |
Pyridine and pyridine bases | 73 | - | 10 | * | 83 |
Peracetic acid | 23 | - | - | * | 23 |
1,3-Butylene glycol | 14 | - | - | * | 14 |
Others | 5 | 3 | 10 | 80 | 98 |
Total | 176 | 22 | 206 | 362 | 766 |
China is the largest consumer of acetaldehyde in the world, accounting for almost half of global consumption in 2012. Major use has been the production of acetic acid. Other uses such as pyridines and pentaerythritol are expected to grow faster than acetic acid, but the volumes are not large enough to offset the decline in acetic acid. As a consequence, overall acetaldehyde consumption in China may grow slightly at 1.6% per year through 2018. Western Europe is the second-largest consumer of acetaldehyde worldwide, accounting for 20% of world consumption in 2012. As with China, the Western European acetaldehyde market is expected to increase only very slightly at 1% per year during 2012–2018. However, Japan could emerge as a potential consumer for acetaldehyde in next five years due to newfound use in commercial production of butadiene. The supply of butadiene has been volatile in Japan and the rest of Asia. This should provide the much needed boost to the flat market, as of 2013.[23]
Exposure Limits[edit]
The Threshold limit value is 25ppm (STEL/ceiling value) and the MAK (Maximum Workplace Concentration) is 50 ppm. At 50 ppm acetaldehyde, no irritation or local tissue damage in the nasal mucosa is observed. When taken up by the organism, acetaldehyde is metabolized rapidly in the liver to acetic acid. Only a small proportion is exhaled unchanged. After intravenous injection, the half-life in the blood is approximately 90 seconds.[10]
Acetaldehyde is toxic when applied externally for prolonged periods, an irritant, and a probable carcinogen.[24] It is an air pollutant resulting from combustion, such as automotive exhaust and tobacco smoke. It is also created by thermal degradation of polymers in the plastics processing industry.[25] Acetaldehyde naturally breaks down in the human body[26] but has been shown to excrete in urine of rats.[27]
Acetaldehyde is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, throat, and respiratory tract. This occurs at concentrations up to 1000 ppm. Symptoms of exposure to this compound include nausea, vomiting, headache. These symptoms may not happen immediately. The perception limit of acetaldehyde in air is in the range between 0.07 and 0.25 ppm.[10] At such concentrations, the fruity odor of acetaldehyde is apparent. Conjunctival irritations have been observed after a 15-minute exposure to concentrations of 25 and 50 ppm, but transient conjunctivitis and irritation of the respiratory tract have been reported after exposure to 200 ppm acetaldehyde for 15 minutes. It has a general narcotic action and large doses can even cause death by respiratory paralysis. It may also cause drowsiness, delirium, hallucinations, and loss of intelligence. Exposure may also cause severe damage to the mouth, throat, and stomach; accumulation of fluid in the lungs, chronic respiratory disease, kidney and liver damage, throat irritation, dizziness, reddening, and swelling of the skin.
Acetaldehyde is a probable or possible carcinogen in humans.[24][28] In 1988 the International Agency for Research on Cancer stated, "There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde (the major metabolite of ethanol) in experimental animals."[29] In October 2009 the International Agency for Research on Cancer updated the classification of acetaldehyde stating that acetaldehyde included in and generated endogenously from alcoholic beverages is a Group I human carcinogen.[30] In addition, acetaldehyde is damaging to DNA[31] and causes abnormal muscle development as it binds to proteins.[32]
Aggravating factors[edit]
Alzheimer's disease[edit]
People with a genetic deficiency for the enzyme responsible for the conversion of acetaldehyde into acetic acid may have a greater risk of Alzheimer's disease. "These results indicate that the ALDH2 deficiency is a risk factor for LOAD [late-onset Alzheimer's disease] …"[33]
Genetic conditions[edit]
A study of 818 heavy drinkers found that those exposed to more acetaldehyde than normal through a defect in the gene for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase are at greater risk of developing cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract and liver.[34]
The drug disulfiram (Antabuse) prevents the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid, and it has the same[clarification needed] unpleasant effect on drinkers. Antabuse is sometimes used as a deterrent for alcoholics wishing to stay sober.
Sources of exposure[edit]
Indoor air[edit]
Acetaldehyde is common contaminant in workplace, indoors, and ambient environments. It is also a potential carcinogen. Moreover, humans spend more than 90% of their time in indoor environments, hence increasing any exposure and, as a consequence, the risk to human health.[35]
In a study in France, the mean indoor concentration of acetaldehydes measured in 16 homes was approximately seven times higher than the outside acetaldehyde concentration. The living room had a mean of 18.1±17.5 μg m−3 and the bedroom was 18.2±16.9 μg m−3, whereas the outdoor air had a mean concentration of 2.3±2.6 μg m−3.
It has been concluded that VOCs such as benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, toluene, and xylenes have to be considered as priority pollutants with respect to their health effects. It has been pointed that in renovated or completely new buildings, the VOCs concentration levels are often several orders of magnitude higher. The main sources of acetaldehydes in homes include building materials, laminate, linoleum, wooden varnished, and cork/pine flooring. It is also found in plastic water-based and matt emulsion paints, in wood ceilings, and wooden, particle-board, plywood, pine wood, and chipboard furniture.[36]
Outdoor air[edit]
The use of acetaldehyde is widespread in different industries, and it may be released into waste water or the air during production, use, transportation and storage. Sources of acetaldehyde include fuel combustion emissions from stationary internal combustion engines and power plants that burn fossil fuels, wood, or trash, oil and gas extraction, refineries, cement kilns, lumber and wood mills and paper mills. Acetaldehyde is also present in automobile and diesel exhaust.[37]
Tobacco smoke[edit]
Acetaldehyde is a significant constituent of tobacco smoke. It has been demonstrated to have a synergistic effect with nicotine in rodent models of addiction.[38][39] Acetaldehyde is also the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke; it is dissolved into the saliva while smoking.
Cannabis smoke[edit]
Acetaldehyde has been found in cannabis smoke. This finding emerged through the use of new chemical techniques that demonstrated the acetaldehyde present was causing DNA damage in laboratory settings.[40] However, UCLA pulmonologist Dr. Donald Tashkin, supported by other research, concluded that the active ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, has an "anti-tumoral effect" in which "cells die earlier before they age enough to develop mutations that might lead to lung cancer" from acetaldehyde and other carcinogens.[41]
Alcohol consumption[edit]
Many microbes produce acetaldehyde from ethanol, but they have a lower capacity to eliminate the acetaldehyde, which can lead to the accumulation of acetaldehyde in saliva, stomach acid, and intestinal contents. Fermented food and many alcoholic beverages can also contain significant amounts of acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde, derived from mucosal or microbial oxidation of ethanol, tobacco smoke, and diet, appears to act as a cumulative carcinogen in the upper digestive tract of humans.[42]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acetaldehyde. |
Some major acetaldehyde producers include Celanese Chemicals Europe GmbH (Germany), Eastman Chemical Company (USA), ECROS (SA, Spain), Japan Aldehyde Company Ltd. (Japan), Jilin Chemical Industrial Company (China), Kyowa Yuka Company Ltd. (Japan), Showa Denko K.K. (Japan), Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Co. (China), and Wacker Chemie AG (Germany).
- ^ SciFinderScholar (accessed 4 Nov 2009). Acetaldehyde (75-07-0) Substance Detail.
- ^ a b Stoffdaten Acetaldehyd bei Celanese Chemicals. as of December 1999.
- ^ a b c Sigma-Aldrich Co., Acetaldehyde. Retrieved on 2013-07-20.
- ^ C. W. Scheele (1774) "Om Brunsten eller Magnesia nigra och dess egenskaper" (On brown-stone or black magnesia [i.e., manganese ore] and its properties), Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar (Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences), 35 : 89-116 ; 177-194. On pages 109-110, Scheele mentions that refluxing ("digesting") ethanol (Alkohol vini) with manganese dioxide (Brunsten) and either hydrochloric acid (Spirtus salis) or sulfuric acid (Spiritus Vitrioli) produces a smell like "Aether nitri" (ethanol treated with nitric acid). Later investigators realized that Scheele had produced acetaldehyde.
- ^ See:
- (Döbereiner) (1821) "Neue Aether" (A new ether), Journal für Chemie und Physik, 32 : 269-270. Döbereiner names the new "ether" "Sauerstoffäther" (oxygen-ether).
- (Döbereiner) (1822) "Döbereiner's Apparat zur Darstellung des Sauerstoffaethers" (Döbereiner's apparatus for the preparation of oxygen-ether), Journal für Chemie und Physik, 34 : 124-125.
- J. W. Döbereiner (1832) "Bildung des Sauerstoff-Aethers durch atmosphärische Oxidation des Alkohols" (Formation of oxy-ether by atmospheric oxidation of alcohol), Journal für Chemie und Physik, 64 : 466-468. In this paper, Döbereiner made acetaldehyde by exposing ethanol vapor to air in the presence of platinum black.
- ^ William H. Brock, Justus von Liebig: The Chemical Gatekeeper (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pages 83-84.
- ^ J. Liebig (1835) "Sur les produits de l'oxidation de l'alcool" (On the products of the oxidation of alcohol), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 59 : 289-327. From page 290: "Je le décrirai dans ce mémoire sous le nom d'aldehyde ; ce nom est formé de alcool dehydrogenatus." (I will describe it in this memoir by the name of aldehyde ; this name is formed from alcohol dehydrogenatus.)
- ^ The name change occurred at least as early as 1868. See, for example: Eugen F. von Gorup-Besanez, ed., Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie für den Unterricht auf Universitäten … [Textbook of Organic Chemistry for Instruction at Universities … ], 3rd ed. (Braunschweig, Germany: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1868), vol. 2, page 88.
- ^ a b c d e f g Marc Eckert, Gerald Fleischmann, Reinhard Jira, Hermann M. Bolt, Klaus Golka, 'Acetaldehyde' in Ullmann's Encyclopedia Of Industrial Chemistry 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_031.pub2
- ^ Dmitry A. Ponomarev and Sergey M. Shevchenko (2007). "Hydration of Acetylene: A 125th Anniversary". J. Chem. Ed. 84 (10): 1725. doi:10.1021/ed084p1725.
- ^ Keto-Enol Equilibrium Constants of Simple Monofunctional Aldehydes and Ketones in Aqueous Solution Keeffe, J. R., Kresge, A. J., Schepp, N. P., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1990, Volume 112, Pages 4862-4868. [1]
- ^ Sowin, T. J.; Melcher, L. M. "Acetaldehyde" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. doi:10.1002/047084289X
- ^ Behrens, C.; Paquette, L. A. (2004), "N-Benzyl-2,3-Azetidinedione", Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 10: 41.
- ^ Walter, L. A. (1955), "1-(α-Pyridyl)-2-Propanol", Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 3: 757.
- ^ Schurink, H. B. J. (1941), "Pentaerythritol", Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 1: 425.
- ^ Kendall, E. C. McKenzie, B. F. (1941), "dl-Alanine", Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 1: 21.
- ^ Wittig, G.; Hesse, A. (1988), "Directed Aldol Condensations: β-Phenylcinnamaldehyde", Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 6: 901.
- ^ Frank, R. L.; Pilgrim, F. J.; Riener, E. F. (1963), "5-Ethyl-2-Methylpyridine", Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 4: 451
- ^ Adkins, H.; Nissen, B. H. (1941), "Acetal", Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 1: 1
- ^ a b Hipolito, L.; Sanchez, M. J.; Polache, A.; Granero, L. (2007). "Brain metabolism of ethanol and alcoholism: An update". Curr. Drug Metab. 8 (7): 716–727. doi:10.2174/138920007782109797. PMID 17979660.
- ^ http://www.ihs.com/products/chemical/planning/ceh/acetaldehyde.aspx
- ^ http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/lc8hz5/acetaldehyde
- ^ a b Chemical Summary For Acetaldehyde, US Environmental Protection Agency
- ^ Smoking. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed 27 October 2006.
- ^ http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/f_acetal.txt
- ^ Determinations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate in blood and urine during alcohol oxidation in man
- ^ Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products (2004-05-25). "Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers Concerning Acetaldehyde". p. 11. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
- ^ International Agency for Rescarch on Cancer, World Health Organization. (1988). Alcohol drinking. Lyon: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 92-832-1244-4. p3
- ^ International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group, Special Report: Policy A review of human carcinogens—Part E: tobacco, areca nut, alcohol, coal smoke, and salted fish. The Lancet 2009 10, 1033–1034.
- ^ http://www.ist-world.org/ResultPublicationDetails.aspx?ResultPublicationId=2c488c559db74d8cae0c14ae5b65e14e
- ^ Nicholas S. Aberle, II, Larry Burd, Bonnie H. Zhao and Jun Ren (2004). "Acetaldehyde-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction may be alleviated by vitamin B1 but not by vitamins B6 or B12". Alcohol & Alcoholism 39 (5): 450–454. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh085. PMID 15304379.
- ^ Ohta, S; Ohsawa I; Kamino K; Ando F; Shimokata H. (April 2004). "Mitochondrial ALDH2 Deficiency as an Oxidative Stress". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1011: 36–44. doi:10.1196/annals.1293.004. PMID 15126281. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
- ^ Homann, N.; Stickel, F.; König, I. R.; Jacobs, A.; Junghanns, K.; Benesova, M.; Schuppan, D.; Himsel, S.; Zuber-Jerger, I.; Hellerbrand, C.; Ludwig, D.; Caselmann, W. H.; Seitz, H. K. (2006). "Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C*1 allele is a genetic marker for alcohol-associated cancer in heavy drinkers". International Journal of Cancer 118 (8): 1998–2002. doi:10.1002/ijc.21583. PMID 16287084.
- ^ Spengler, John D.; McCarthy, John F.; Samet, Jonathan M.. Indoor Air Quality Handbook. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 2000. p 761.
- ^ Dafni A. Missia; E. Demetriou; N. Michael; E.I. Tolis; J.G. Bartzis (2010). "Indoor exposure from building materials: A field study". Atmospheric Environment 44 (35): 4388–4395. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.049.
- ^ Clements, A. L.; Jia, Y.; Denbleyker, A.; McDonald-Buller, E.; Fraser, M. P.; Allen, D. T.; Collins, D. R.; Michel, E.; Pudota, J.; Sullivan, D.; Zhu, Y. (2009). "Air pollutant concentrations near three Texas roadways, part II: Chemical characterization and transformation of pollutants". Atmospheric Environment 43 (30): 4523. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.044.
- ^ Study Points to Acetaldehyde-Nicotine Combination in Adolescent Addiction
- ^ Nicotine's addictive hold increases when combined with other tobacco smoke chemicals, UCI study finds
- ^ Stacy, Kelli Miller. "Marijuana Smoke Linked to Cancer." WebMD – Better Information. Better Health. WebMD.com, 23 June 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. <http://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20090623/marijuana-smoke-linked-to-cancer>.
- ^ http://stash.norml.org/cannabis-alters-human-dna-bogus-claim
- ^ Salaspuro, M. (2009). "Acetaldehyde as a common denominator and cumulative carcinogen in digestive tract cancers. Scandinavian Journal Of Gastroenterology". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 44 (8): 912–925. doi:10.1080/00365520902912563. PMID 19396661.
External links[edit]
- SEKAB, a producer of green Acetaldehyde [2]
- International Chemical Safety Card 0009
- National Pollutant Inventory – Acetaldehde
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
- Methods for sampling and analysis
- IARC Monograph: "Acetaldehyde"
- Hal Kibbey, Genetic Influences on Alcohol Drinking and Alcoholism, Indiana University Research and Creative Activity, Vol. 17 no. 3.
- United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) information for acetaldehyde
- Acetaldehyde production process flow sheet by ethylene oxidation method


text:
Diddy"(feat. Neptunes
Its Bad Boy Baby
And we won't stop
(I like that) 'Cause we can't stop
Let me tell you something
[Verse I]
Sometimes I rhyme slow, sometimes I rhyme quick
I was on 1-2-5 and Saint Nich
Chillin' with these chick
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Was a hot girl and everybody wanted to slay her
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I just want to blow your mind
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And exotic cars chilling with the hottest stars
And it ain't no stopping this
I can't help it I'm an optomist
And Ima make ya head bop to this
And at the end you gon rock to this
Now say my name
Its the D the I the D the D the Y
The D the I the D
It's Diddy, (Hold Up) It's Diddy (That's crazy)
It's the D the I the D the D the Y
The D the I the D
Its Diddy, (Hold Up), It's Diddy (Say What!)
[Verse II]
Ay yo, I came in the door
I said it before
I never the ladiez hyptonize me no more
But, back to the manuscript
'Cause I don't think you can handle this
From New York to Los Angles
I think the whole world scandalous
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Make the party people dance to this
Get out your seat and clap your hands to this
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It's a Bently to you, to me it's a blue car
So Branson pass me a jar
Cause these cats done went too far
One phone call send two cars
And still get searched by security guards
I guess that's what I have to do
Take the game international
Now what you call me
[Hook Repeat]
(La La La La La La La La La La La La)
C'mon work it out girl
I'm trying to see you work it out girl
(La La La La La La La La La La La La)
C'mon work it out girl
I wanna see you work it out girl
[Verse III]
Now hold up, stop, wait a minute
We don't stop we rock cause ain't a limit
My aim is winning
Got asian women
That'll change my linen
After I done blazed and hit em
But I just wanna rock wit you
And take it straight to the top with you
And do what I gots to do
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Cause I ain't trying to stop you boo
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But y'all call me
[Hook Repeat]
(La La La La La La La La La La La)
C'mon work it out girl
(La La La La La La La La La La La)
I wanna see you work it out girl
Writer(s): Lawrence Krsone Parker, Timothy Mosley, Nate Hills, William Griffin, Eric Barrier
Copyright: Robert Hill Music, Almo Music Corp., Songs Of Polygram Int. Inc., W.B.M. Music Corp., Universal Music - Z Tunes LLC, Danjahandz Muzik, Virginia Beach Music, Chaserayn Music Publishing LLC
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text:
Titans stun Alpena, 61-47
Traverse City West has a regional date with Mount Pleasant on Monday.
Continued ... -
Gladiators hold off Manton
Manton scrapped and clawed and made a game of it on its home floor Friday, but St. Francis big man Noah Phillips was able to answer at the right time, enabling the Gladiators to hold on for a tense 54-51 victory in the Class C district finals.
Continued ... -
Loney scores 33, sparks Frankfort to a district crown
David Loney scored almost 60 percent of his team's points in a 58-47 Class D district championship victory Friday over Bear Lake at Frankfort as the Panthers rode the hot hand of their star post player.
Continued ... -
Hard work pays off for TCC's Piatek
Instead of working last summer, Traverse City Central senior thrower Johnny Piatek opted to devote his energies to training, all in hopes it would lead to a college scholarship.
Continued ... -
Boys Basketball Roundup: East Jordan ousts Boyne City
The first district basketball title in 19 years earned the East Jordan Red Devils a police escort back into town Friday night.
Continued ... -
State Prep Boys Basketball Scores: 03/08/2014
Boys high school basketball scores for district tournament games played on Friday, March 7:
Continued ... - Friday, March 7, 2014
High School Sports Scoreboard: 03/07/2014
A roundup of scores from today's boys district basketball tournament games:
Continued ... -
Panthers roar in regional final
Tim Reznich is hoping Frankfort can have a reunion with Nicole Marshall. And history says the Panthers may very well do that.
Continued ... -
Frankfort coach elected president of coach association
A pair of girls basketball victories and a regional championship weren't the only things Tim Reznich won this week.
Continued ... -
McBain captures Class C regional title
McBain rebounded from a poor shooting performance in the first half to overtake Beaverton and secure a 61-44 decision Thursday in a Class C girls regional championship game.
Continued ... -
Sports in Brief: 03/07/2014
Coach Mike Krzyzewski is out of the hospital and at practice with No. 4 Duke after feeling light-headed during a loss at Wake Forest. (Plus more)
Continued ... -
Bob Gwizdz: When the outdoors is indoors
Say this for sports shows: During a winter like this one, it's nice to be able to do something outdoor-sports related where it's actually warm.
Continued ... -
Fishing: 03/07/2014
The 2014 Fishing Licenses went on sale March 1. This gives anglers one month to purchase their new license before they are required on April 1.
Continued ... -
State Prep Basketball Scores: 03/07/2014
Michigan high school basketball scores for games played Thursday, March 7:
Continued ... - Thursday, March 6, 2014
Frankfort, McBain win regional titles
The No. 3-ranked Frankfort Panthers secured a Class D girls basketball regional championship tonight, defeating Bellaire 61-33.
Continued ... -
Titans roll into district finals
Sault Ste. Marie trailed by double digits for all but 90 seconds Wednesday night. That pretty much sums up Traverse City West's dominance in winning a Class A district semifinal 77-57 after jumping out to an early 14-0 lead.
Continued ... -
Bullough's return propels Gladiators past McBain
When St. Francis needed a spark to ignite its offense Wednesday night, the Gladiators turned to the Big Three.
Continued ... -
Alpena starts fast, cruises past Central
Falling into a big, early deficit is a dangerous way to live. Although Traverse City Central was able to scratch out a win that way in Monday's boys basketball tournament opener versus Petoskey, it couldn't find that same magic in Wednesday's Class A district semifinal against Big North Conference champion Alpena.
Continued ... -
Boys Basketball Roundup: Manton rallies to beat Lake City
Manton (10-11) rallied from a six-point fourth-quarter deficit to edge visiting Lake City 56-55 in a Class C district semifinal clash and earn a berth in Friday's district title game with Traverse City St. Francis.
Continued ... -
Sports in Brief: 03/06/2014
Frankfort's Reznich elected president of BCAM; Boating safety class set.
Continued ... -
Today in Sports: 03/06/2014
What's happening in sports across the region and the nation:
Continued ... -
Boys Basketball District Semifinal Scores
Michigan boys high school basketball scores for district semifinal games played on Wednesday, March 5:
Continued ... -
Michigan Ski Report: 03/06/2014
Michigan ski report for Thursday, March 6:
Continued ... - Wednesday, March 5, 2014
High School Sports Scoreboard: 03/05/2014
A roundup of scores from today's boys district basketball tournament games:
Continued ... -
Frankfort looking for a third regional crown
Frankfort and Bellaire will meet for perhaps the first time in girls basketball Thursday with a regional championship at stake. That's what both coaches think.
Continued ...
Titans stun Alpena, 61-47


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