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National Collegiate Athletic Association
National Collegiate Athletic Association | |
Abbreviation | NCAA |
Formation | March 31, 1906[1] 1910 (NCAA) |
Legal status | Association |
Headquarters | Indianapolis, Indiana United States |
Region served | United States and Canada[2] |
Membership | 1,281 schools, conferences, or other associations |
President | Mark Emmert |
Main organ | Executive Committee |
Website | NCAA official website NCAA administrative website |
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a nonprofit association of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals that organizes the athletic programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.
In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, and Division III was adopted by the NCAA membership in a special convention. Under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships. Generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was further divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently the term "Division I-AAA" was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, but that term is no longer officially used by the NCAA.[3] In 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) and Football Championship Subdivision (FCS).
- 1 History
- 2 Headquarters
- 3 Structure
- 4 NCAA sponsored sports
- 5 Championships
- 6 Hall of Champions
- 7 Awards
- 8 Conferences
- 9 Media
- 10 Eligibility
- 11 Rules violations
- 12 Subsidiaries
- 13 Sponsors
- 14 Criticisms
- 15 Other collegiate athletic organizations
- 16 See also
- 17 References
- 18 Further reading
- 19 External links
Inter-collegiate sports in the US began in 1852 when crews from Harvard and Yale met in a challenge race in the sport of rowing. As rowing remained the preeminent sport in the country into the late-1800s, many of the initial debates about collegiate athletic eligibility and purpose were settled through organizations like the Rowing Association of American Colleges and the Intercollegiate Rowing Association. As other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, but the rules of the game itself were in constant flux and often had to be adapted for each contest.
The NCAA dates its formation to two White House conferences convened by President Theodore Roosevelt to "encourage reforms" to college football practices in the early 20th century, which had resulted in repeated injuries and deaths and "prompted many college and universities to discontinue the sport."[1] Following those White House meetings, Chancellor Henry MacCracken of New York University organized a meeting of 13 colleges and universities to initiate changes in football playing rules; at a follow-on meeting on December 28, 1905 in New York, 62 higher-education institutions became charter members of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS).[1] The IAAUS was officially established on March 31, 1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910.[1]
For several years, the NCAA was a discussion group and rules-making body, but in 1921 the first NCAA national championship was conducted: the National Collegiate Track and Field Championships. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, including a basketball championship in 1939.[4]
A series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The "Sanity Code" − adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid − failed to curb abuses. Postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance.[4]
The complexity of those problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously a part-time executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951, and a national headquarters was established in Kansas City, Missouri in 1952.[4]
Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association. A program to control live television of football games was approved, the annual Convention delegated enforcement powers to the Association's Council, and legislation was adopted governing postseason bowl games.[4]
As college athletics grew, the scope of the nation's athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Association's membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions − I, II, and III. Five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA (renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and the Football Championship Subdivision in 2007) in football.[4]
Until the 1980s, the association did not offer women's athletics. Instead an organization named the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) governed women's collegiate sports in the United States. By 1982, however, all divisions of the NCAA offered national championship events for women's athletics and most members of the AIAW joined the NCAA. A year later in 1983, the 75th Convention approved an expansion to plan women's athletic program services and pushed for a women's championship program.[4]
In 1999, the NCAA was sued for discriminating against female athletes under Title IX for systematically giving men in graduate school more waivers than woman to participate in college sports. In National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the NCAA was not subject to that law, without reviewing the merits of the discrimination claim.[5]
In 2009, Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada became the NCAA's first non-US member institution.[6][7]
The modern era of the NCAA began in July 1952 when its executive director, Kansas City, Missouri native Walter Byers, moved the organization's headquarters from the LaSalle Hotel in Chicago (where its offices were shared by the headquarters of the Big Ten Conference) to the Fairmount Building at 101 West 11th Street in Downtown Kansas City. The move was intended to separate the NCAA from direct influence of any individual conference and to keep it centrally located.
The Fairmount was a block from Municipal Auditorium which had hosted Final Four games in 1940, 1941, and 1942.
After Byers moved to Kansas City, the championships would be held in Municipal in 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1961, and 1964.
The Fairmount office consisted of three rooms with no air conditioning. Byers' staff consisted of four people: an assistant, two secretaries, and a bookkeeper.[8]
In 1964, it moved three blocks away to offices in the Midland Theatre.
In 1973, it moved to 6299 Nall at Shawnee Mission Parkway in suburban Mission, Kansas in a $1.2 million building on 3.4 acres (14,000 m2).
In 1989, it moved 6 miles (9.7 km) farther south to 6201 College Boulevard in Overland Park, Kansas. The new building was on 11.35 acres (45,900 m2) and had 130,000 square feet (12,000 m2) of space.[9]
The NCAA was dissatisfied with its Johnson County, Kansas suburban location noting that its location on the south edges of the Kansas City suburbs was more than 40 minutes from Kansas City International Airport. They also noted that the suburban location was not drawing visitors to its new visitors' centre.[10]
In 1997, it asked for bids for a new headquarters.
Various cities competed for a new headquarters with the two finalists being Kansas City and Indianapolis.
Kansas City proposed to relocate the NCAA back downtown near the Crown Center complex and would locate the visitors' centre in Union Station. However Kansas City's main sports venue Kemper Arena was nearly 30 years old.[10]
Indianapolis argued that it was in fact more central than Kansas City in that two thirds of the members are east of the Mississippi River.[10]
The 50,000-seat RCA Dome far eclipsed the 17,000-seat Kemper Arena.
In 1999, the NCAA moved its 300 member staff to its new headquarters in the White River State Park in a four-story 140,000-square-foot (13,000 m2) facility on the west edge of downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. Adjacent to the headquarters is the 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m2) NCAA Hall of Champions.[11]
The NCAA's legislative structure is broken down into cabinets and committees, consisting of various representatives of its member schools.[citation needed] These may be broken down further into sub-committees. Legislation is then passed on, which oversees all the cabinets and committees, and also includes representatives from the schools, such as athletic directors and faculty advisors. Management Council legislation goes on to the Board of Directors, which consists of school presidents, for final approval. The NCAA staff provides support, acting as guides, liaisons, researchers, and public and media relations.
Sports sanctioned by the NCAA include the following: basketball, baseball (men), softball (women), football (men), cross country, field hockey (women), bowling (women), golf, fencing (coeducational), lacrosse, soccer, gymnastics, rowing (women only), volleyball, ice hockey, water polo, rifle (coeducational), tennis, skiing (coeducational), track and field, swimming and diving, and wrestling (men).
Presidents of the NCAA[edit]
The NCAA had no full-time administrator until 1951, when Walter Byers was appointed executive director.[1] In 1988, the title was changed to President.[12]
- Walter Byers 1951–1988
- Dick Schultz 1988–1993
- Cedric Dempsey 1994–2002[12]
- Myles Brand 2003–2009[12][13]
- Jim Isch (interim) 2009–2010[14]
- Mark Emmert 2011–present
Division history[edit]
Years | Division |
1906–1955 | None |
1956–1972 | NCAA University Division (Major College), College Division (Small College) |
1973–present | NCAA Division I, Division II, Division III |
1978–2006 | NCAA Division I-A, NCAA Division I-AA (Division I football only), Division II, Division III |
2006–present | NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, Division I Football Championship Subdivision (Division I football only), Division II, Division III |
NCAA sponsored sports[edit]
The NCAA currently awards 89 national championships yearly—44 women's, 42 men's, and coed championships for fencing, rifle, and skiing. The NCAA has awarded championships in the following sports:
Sports added and dropped[edit]
The popularity of each of these sports programs has changed over time. Between 1988-89 and 2010-11, NCAA schools had net additions of 510 men's teams and 2,703 women's teams.[15] In women's sports, the sports with the biggest net gains during the 1988-89 to 2010-11 period were soccer (+599 teams), golf, and indoor track and field, while no women's sports programs experienced double-digit net losses.[16] In men's sports, the sports with the biggest net gains during the 1988/89 to 2010/11 period were indoor track and field, lacrosse, and cross-country (each with more than 100 net gains), but the men's sports with the biggest losses were wrestling (-104 teams), tennis, and rifle, and the men's team sport with the most net losses was water polo.[17] Other reports show that 355 college wrestling programs have been eliminated since 2000, and 212 men's gymnastics programs have been eliminated since 1969 with only 17 programs remaining as of 2013.[18]
For every NCAA sanctioned sport other than Division I FBS football, the NCAA awards trophies with gold, silver, and bronze plating for the first, second, and third place teams respectively.[citation needed] In the case of the NCAA basketball tournaments, both semifinalists who did not make the championship game receive bronze plated trophies for third place (prior to 1982 the teams played a "consolation" game to determine third place).[citation needed] Similar trophies are awarded to both semifinalists in the NCAA football tournaments (which are conducted in Division I FCS and both lower divisions), which have never had a third-place game. Winning teams maintain permanent possession of these trophies unless it is later found that they were won via serious rules violations.
Starting with the 2001-02 season, and again in the 2007-08 season, the trophies were changed.[citation needed] Starting in the 2006 basketball season, teams that make the Final Four in the Division I tournament receive bronze plated "regional championship" trophies upon winning their Regional Championship. The teams that make the National Championship game receive an additional trophy that is gold plated for the winner and silver plated for the runner-up. Starting in the mid-1990s, the National Champions in men's and women's basketball receive an elaborate trophy with a black marble base and crystal "neck" with a removable crystal basketball following the presentation of the standard NCAA Championship trophy.
As of June 2013,[19] UCLA, Stanford, and Southern California (USC) have the most NCAA championships; UCLA holds the most, winning a combined 112 team championships in men's and women's sports, with USC and Stanford tied for second with 106.
Football Bowl Subdivision[edit]
The NCAA has never sanctioned an official championship in the highest level of football, now known as Division I FBS. Instead, several outside bodies award their own titles. The NCAA does not hold a championship tournament for Division I FBS football. In the past, the "national championship" went to teams that placed first in any of a number of season-ending media polls, most notable the AP Poll of writers and the Coaches Poll.
Starting in 2014, the College Football Playoff—an association of the conferences and independent schools that compete in Division I FBS and five bowl games—has arranged to place the top four teams (based on a thirteen-member committee that seeds and selects the teams similarly to the Final Four) into two semifinal bowl games and the winners go on to compete in the College Football Championship Game. The winner of the championship game receives a trophy; since the NCAA awards no national championship for Division I FBS football, this trophy does not denote NCAA as other NCAA college sports national championship trophies do.
Hall of Champions[edit]
- See also: Academic All-America, Best Female College Athlete ESPY Award,[20] Best Male College Athlete ESPY Award,[20] Lowe's Senior CLASS Award, Honda Sports Award, College baseball awards, and Sports Illustrated 2009 all-decade honors (college basketball & football)
- See footnote[21]
The NCAA presents a number of different individual awards, including:
- NCAA Award of Valor (not given every year); selection is based on heroic action occurring in the academic year.
- NCAA Gerald R. Ford Award, honoring an individual who has provided significant leadership as an advocate for intercollegiate athletics.
- NCAA Inspiration Award (not given every year); selection is based on inspirational action.
- NCAA Sportsmanship Award, honoring student-athletes who have demonstrated one or more of the ideals of sportsmanship.
- NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award, the highest honor that the NCAA can confer on an individual.
- NCAA Woman of the Year Award, honoring a senior student-athlete who has distinguished herself throughout her collegiate career in academics, athletics, service, and leadership.
- Elite 89 Award, honoring the student-athlete with the highest cumulative GPA who has reached the competition at the finals site for each of the NCAA's 89 men's and women's championships (in Divisions I, II, and III, plus "National Collegiate" championships open to schools from more than one division).
- Silver Anniversary Awards, honoring six distinguished former student-athletes on the 25th anniversary of their college graduation.
- The Flying Wedge Award, one of the NCAA's highest honors exemplifying outstanding leadership and service to the NCAA.
- Today's Top 10 Award, honoring ten outstanding senior student-athletes.
- Walter Byers Scholarship, honoring the top male and female scholar-athletes.
In previous years, the NCAA has presented the following awards at its NCAA Honors event: Astronaut Salute, Business Leader Salute, Congressional Medal of Honor Salute, Governor Salute, Olympians Salute, Performing Arts Salute, Presidents Cabinet Salute, Prominent National Media Salute, Special Recognition Awards, U.S. House of Representatives Salute, and U.S. Senate Salute.[22]
- See also: List of NCAA conferences and List of non-NCAA conferences
Division I conferences[edit]
- Note: FBS conferences in football are denoted with an asterisk (*)
Division I FCS football-only conferences[edit]
Division I hockey-only conferences[edit]
- Atlantic Hockey
- College Hockey America
- ECAC Hockey
- Hockey East
- National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC)
- Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA)
Division II conferences[edit]
Division III conferences[edit]
Division III football-only conferences[edit]
The NCAA has current media rights contracts with CBS Sports, CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN Plus, and Turner Sports for coverage of its 88 championships. According to the official NCAA website,[23] ESPN and its associated networks have rights to 21 championships, CBS to 67, and Turner Sports to one. The following are the most prominent championships and rightsholders:
- CBS: Men's basketball (NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, with Turner Sports, and NCAA Men's Division II Basketball Tournament), track and field, ice hockey (women's division I)
- ESPN: Women's basketball (all divisions), baseball, softball, ice hockey (men's division I), football (all divisions including Div. I FCS), soccer (division I for both sexes)
- Turner Sports: NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament with CBS
Dial Global has exclusive radio rights to the men's and women's basketball Final Fours to the men's College World Series (baseball). DirecTV has an exclusive package expanding CBS' coverage of the men's basketball tournament.
From 1998 to 2013, Electronic Arts had a license to develop college sports video games with the NCAA's branding, which included its NCAA Football and NCAA Basketball (formerly NCAA March Madness) series. The NCAA's licensing was not required to produce the games, as rights to use teams are not licensed through the NCAA, but through entities such as individual schools and the Collegiate Licensing Company. EA only acquired the license so that it could officially incorporate the Men's Division 1 Basketball Championship into its college basketball game series. The NCAA withdrew EA's license due to uncertainties surrounding a series of lawsuits involving the use of player likenesses in college sports video games.[24][25]
Football television controversy[edit]
In the late 1940s there were only two colleges in the country with a national TV contract, a considerable source of revenue. In 1951, the NCAA voted to prohibit any live TV broadcast of college football games during the season. No sooner had the NCAA voted to ban television than public outcry forced it to retreat. Instead, the NCAA voted to restrict the number of televised games for each team to stop the slide in gate attendance. Harold Stassen, president of the University of Pennsylvania, defied the monopoly and signed a $200,000 contract with ABC. Eventually, Penn was forced to back down when the NCAA threatened to expel the Quakers from the association.
By the 1980s, televised college football had become a much larger source of income for the NCAA. In September 1981, the Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma and the University of Georgia Athletic Association filed suit against the NCAA in district court in Oklahoma. The plaintiffs stated that the NCAA's football television plan constituted price fixing, output restraints, boycott, and monopolizing, all of which were illegal under the Sherman Act. The NCAA argued that its pro-competitive and non-commercial justifications for the plan—-protection of live gate, maintenance of competitive balance among NCAA member institutions, and creation of a more attractive "product" to compete with other forms of entertainment—-combined to make the plan reasonable.
In September 1982, the district court found in favor of the plaintiffs, ruling that the plan violated antitrust laws. It enjoined the Association from enforcing the contract. The NCAA appealed all the way to the United States Supreme Court, but lost in 1984 in the 7-2 ruling NCAA v. Board of Regents of Univ. of Oklahoma.[26] (If the television contracts the NCAA had with ABC, CBS, and ESPN had remained in effect for the 1984 season, they would have generated some $73.6 million for the Association and its members.)
To participate in college athletics in their freshman year the NCAA states that students must meet three requirements: graduate from high school, complete the minimum required academic courses, and have qualifying grade-point average (GPA) and SAT or ACT scores.[27]
The 16 academic credits are four courses in English, two courses in math, two classes in social science, two in natural or physical science, and one additional course in English, math, natural or physical science, or another academic course such as a foreign language.[28]
To meet the requirements for grade point average and SAT scores students the lowest possible GPA a student may be eligible with is a 1.700 with an SAT score of 1400. The lowest SAT score a student may be eligible with is 700 with a GPA of 2.500.[27]
As of 2011, a high school student may sign a letter of intent to enter and play football for a college only after the first Wednesday in February.[29] In August 2011, the NCAA announced plans to raise academic requirements for postseason competition, including its two most prominent competitions, football's now-defunct Bowl Championship Series (replaced in 2014 by the College Football Playoff) and the Men's Division I Basketball Championship; the new requirement, which are based on an "academic progress rate" (APR) that measures retention and graduation rates, and is calculated on a four-year, rolling basis.[30] The changes raise the rate from 900 to 930, which represents a 50% graduation rate.[30]
Rules violations[edit]
Member schools pledge to follow the rules promulgated by the NCAA. Creation of a mechanism to enforce the NCAA's legislation occurred in 1952 after careful consideration by the membership.
Allegations of rules violations are referred to the NCAA's investigative staff. A preliminary investigation is initiated to determine if an official inquiry is warranted and to categorize any resultant violations as secondary or major. If several violations are found, the NCAA may determine that the school as a whole has exhibited a "lack of institutional control." The institution involved is notified promptly and may appear in its own behalf before the NCAA Committee on Infractions.
Findings of the Committee on Infractions and the resultant sanctions in major cases are reported to the institution. Sanctions will generally include having the institution placed on "probation" for a period of time, in addition to other penalties. The institution may appeal the findings or sanctions to an appeals committee. After considering written reports and oral presentations by representatives of the Committee on Infractions and the institution, the committee acts on the appeal. Action may include accepting the infractions committee's findings and penalty, altering either, or making its own findings and imposing an appropriate penalty.
In cases of particularly egregious misconduct, the NCAA has the power to ban a school from participating in a particular sport, a penalty known as the "Death Penalty". Since 1985, any school that commits major violations during the probationary period can be banned from the sport involved for up to two years. However, when the NCAA opts not to issue a death penalty for a repeat violation, it must explain why it did not do so. This penalty has only been imposed three times in its modern form, most notably when Southern Methodist University's football team had its 1987 season canceled due to massive rules violations dating back more than a decade. SMU opted not to field a team in 1988 as well due to the aftershocks from the sanctions, and the program has never recovered; it has only four winning seasons and four bowl appearance since then (mostly under June Jones, the team's head coach since 2008). The devastating effect the death penalty had on SMU has reportedly made the NCAA skittish about issuing another one. Since the SMU case, there are only three instances where the NCAA has seriously considered imposing it against a Division I school; it imposed it against Division II Morehouse College's men's soccer team in 2003 and Division III MacMurray College's men's tennis team in 2005.
Additionally, in particularly egregious cases of rules violations, coaches, athletic directors, and athletic support staff can be barred from working for any NCAA member school without permission from the NCAA. This procedure is known as a "show-cause penalty" (not to be confused with an order to show cause in the legal sense).[31] Theoretically, a school can hire someone with a "show cause" on their record during the time the show cause order is in effect only with permission from the NCAA Infractions Committee. The school assumes the risks and stigma of hiring such a person. It may then end up being sanctioned by the NCAA and the Infractions Committee for their choice, possibly losing athletic scholarships, revenue from schools who would not want to compete with that other school, and the ability for their games to be televised, along with restrictions on recruitment and practicing times. As a result, a show-cause order essentially has the effect of blackballing individuals from being hired for the duration of the order.
Division I FBS institutions on probation[edit]
The following Division I Football Bowl Subdivision institutions are currently on probation by the NCAA in one or more sports:[32][full citation needed][33]
Institution | Sport(s) | Expiration Date |
Boise State University | Football, Men's Indoor & Outdoor Track, Men's Tennis, Women's Indoor & Outdoor Track, Women's Tennis | September 12, 2014 |
Eastern Michigan University | Women's Basketball | September 30, 2014 |
University of Southern California | Football, Men's Basketball, Women's Tennis | 2014 |
University of South Carolina | Football | 2014[34] |
University of Central Florida | Football | 2014 season (postponed from 2013) |
Baylor University | Men's Basketball & Women's Basketball | April 10, 2015 |
Georgia Institute of Technology | Football, Men's Basketball | July 13, 2015 |
Ohio State University | Football | 2015 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Football | 2015 |
University of Oregon | Football | June 25, 2016 |
University of Southern Mississippi | Men's Tennis | January 29, 2017 |
Pennsylvania State University | Football | 2017 |
University of Miami | Football, Men's Basketball | 2017 |
Division I-FCS institutions on probation[edit]
The following Division I-FCS institutions are currently on probation by the NCAA in one or more sports:[32]
Institution | Sport(s) | Expiration Date |
Texas Southern University | Baseball, Men's & Women's Basketball, Bowling, Men's & Women's Cross Country, Football, Men's & Women's Golf, Women's Soccer, Softball, Men's & Women's Track & Field, Women's Volleyball | October 8, 2017 |
Division I non-football institutions on probation[edit]
The following Division I non-football institutions are currently on probation by the NCAA in one or more sports:[32]
Institution | Sport(s) | Expiration Date |
Radford University | Men's Tennis, Men's Basketball | February 23, 2014 |
Saint Mary's College of California | Men's Basketball | February 28, 2017 |
Division II institutions on probation[edit]
The following Division II institutions are currently on probation by the NCAA in one or more sports:[32]
Institution | Sport(s) | Expiration |
University of California, San Diego | Women's Rowing | August 5, 2014 |
Chadron State College | Football | November 5, 2016 |
Division III institutions on probation[edit]
The following Division III institutions are currently on probation by the NCAA in one or more sports:[32]
Institution | Sport(s) | Expiration Date |
University of Wisconsin–La Crosse | Entire Program | April 2014 |
Manhattanville College | Entire Program | August 6, 2014 |
California Institute of Technology | Men's Track and Field, Women's Track and Field, Men's Cross Country, Women's Cross Country, Women's Swimming, Baseball, Men's Fencing, Women's Fencing, Men's Soccer, Men's Water Polo, Men's Basketball, Men's Tennis, Women's Tennis | July 11, 2015 |
Illinois College | Football, Men's Golf, Men's & Women's Swimming | August 2015 |
State University of New York at Potsdam | Men's Ice Hockey, Women's Ice Hockey, Men's Lacrosse, Women's Lacrosse, Women's Soccer, Women's Volleyball | April 2016 |
Kean University | Women's Basketball, Men's & Women's Soccer, Women's Volleyball | April 18, 2016 |
Fontbonne University | Women's Basketball, Men's Lacrosse | Unknown |
Baruch College | Women's Basketball | Unknown |
The NCAA runs the officiating software company ArbiterSports, based in Sandy, Utah, a joint venture between two subsidiaries of the NCAA, Arbiter LLC and eOfficials LLC. The NCAA has said their objective is for the venture to help improve the fairness, quality, and consistency of officiating across amateur athletics.[35][36]
Company | Category | Since |
AT&T | Wireless services | 2001 |
Coca-Cola | Non-alcoholic beverages | 2002 |
The Hartford | Mutual funds and related financial services | 2004 |
Enterprise Rent-A-Car | Car rental | 2005 |
Lowe's | Home improvement | 2005 |
CapitalOne | Banking and credit cards | 2008 |
Kraft (Planters) | Snack foods | 2008 |
Hershey's (Reese's) | Candy | 2009 |
LG | Electronics | 2009 |
UPS | Package delivery and logistics | 2009 |
Nissan (Infiniti) | Car & parts | 2010 |
Unilever | Personal-care products | 2010 |
- AT&T, Coca-Cola, and CapitalOne are NCAA Corporate Champions. Other sponsors are NCAA Corporate Partners.[37]
This article's Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article's neutral point of view of the subject. (August 2011) |
Numerous criticisms have been lodged against the NCAA. These include:
- In 1998, the NCAA settles a lawsuit from former UNLV basketball coach, Jerry Tarkanian, for $2.5 million. Tarkanian sued the NCAA after he was forced to resign from UNLV in 1992. The suit claimed the agency singled him out while he was at UNLV from 1973 to 1992. During that time the university was penalized three different times by the NCAA. Tarkanian said "They can never, ever, make up for all the pain and agony they caused me. All I can say is that for 25 years they beat the hell out of me". The NCAA said that it regretted the long battle and it now has more understanding of Tarkanian's position and that the case has changed the enforcement process for the better.
- In 2005, a King County Court ordered the NCAA to pay fired Washington football coach Rick Neuheisel $2.5 million. At issue was whether those questioned by NCAA investigators must be notified of the purpose of the interview. It turned out the NCAA had amended its bylaws to require such notification six weeks before Neuheisel's June 2003 interview. The finding seemed to bolster Neuheisel's argument that NCAA investigators acted improperly, since they hadn't advised him they would ask about his gambling in an auction-style pool on NCAA basketball games.
- In 2013, Jay Bilas revealed through Twitter that the NCAA was taking advantage of individual players through jersey sales in its store. The NCAA took down player jersey sales immediately following the incident.
- In 2013, the NCAA was criticized for denying Georgia offensive lineman Kolton Houston his eligibility for violating the drug policy. Houston tested positive for the anabolic steroid norandrolone that was given without his knowledge to recover from shoulder surgery during high school, but the banned substance remain trapped in the fatty tissues in his body. Despite a huge decline in the substance level to the point where Houston does not gain a significant advantage for using the drug and proof that he had not been reusing it, he remained ineligible. Houston would then undergo dangerous operational procedures to get under the threshold to regain his eligibility, which goes against the mission for the NCAA to help out students. The NCAA is being heavily criticized for maintaining their rigid standards and not making an exception for Houston.[38]
- In 2012, the NCAA was criticized for implementing penalties and bowl suspensions to the Pennsylvania State University and football program without performing an investigation, for overstepping the NCAA bounds of athletic related rules infractions and disallowing any possible appeal as per the NCAA processes and procedures allow.
- In 2009, the NCAA was criticized for suspending Paul Donahoe's NCAA eligibility after it was made public that he had appeared on pornography web site Fratmen.[39]
- The creators of South Park, in the episode "Crack Baby Athletic Association" (s15e05), made oblique reference to the NCAA and compared its rules to slavery.[40]
- Several people, notably including former Sports Illustrated columnist Rick Reilly, and NPR's Frank Deford, have criticized the NCAA for its inflexibility.[41][42]
- Former NCAA President Walter Byers, in his book Unsportsmanlike Conduct: Exploiting College Athletes, summarizes his criticisms of the NCAA's operation by stating that "Today the NCAA Presidents Commission is preoccupied with tightening a few loose bolts in a worn machine, firmly committed to the neo-plantation belief that the enormous proceeds from college games belong to the overseers (administrators) and supervisors (coaches). The plantation workers performing in the arena may only receive those benefits authorized by the overseers."
- After losing the 1953 case The University of Denver v. Nemeth, where it was found that a student and athlete was owed workers' compensation, it has been argued[by whom?] that the NCAA created the term "student-athlete." Andrew Zimbalist, in his book Unpaid Professionals (1999), claims the portmanteau was invented to prevent similar future litigation losses.
- In 2007, the case of White et al. v. NCAA was brought by former NCAA student-athletes Jason White, Brian Pollack, Jovan Harris, and Chris Craig as a class action lawsuit. They argued that the NCAA's current limits on a full scholarship or Grant in Aid was a violation of federal antitrust laws. Their reasoning was that in the absence of such a limit, NCAA member schools would be free to offer any financial aid packages they desired to recruit the student and athlete. The NCAA settled before a ruling by the court, by agreeing to set up the Former Student-Athlete Fund to "assist qualified candidates applying for receipt of career development expenses and/or reimbursement of educational expenses under the terms of the agreement with plaintiffs in a federal antitrust lawsuit." More information about this settlement is available at the NCAA.[43]
- The National Collegiate Players Association (NCPA) is a group started by former UCLA football players with the purpose of organizing student-athletes. Their goal is to change NCAA rules they view as unjust. Today, this continues by doing the following:
- Raising the scholarship amount
- Holding schools responsible for their players' sports-related medical injuries
- Increasing graduation rates.[44]
- Todd McNair vs. NCAA case is at the appellate level. The NCAA sought to dismiss McNair's defamation claims, but the trial judge ruled in favor of McNair. In doing so, the judge had some pretty strong words, including calling the actions of NCAA investigators "over the top" and saying that internal NCAA e-mails "tend to show ill will or hatred" toward McNair. The NCAA will not unseal all of the documents in the McNair lawsuit. The New York Times and Los Angeles Times are asking the courts to open them. McNair was USC's running back coach and was a key individual in the NCAA investigation of Reggie Bush at USC.[citation needed]
- Ben Wetzler, a baseball player for Oregon State University, was selected in the fifth round of the 2013 MLB Draft. Wetzler did not sign, opting to return to Oregon State for his senior year.[45] The Phillies reported Wetlzer and Jason Monda of the University of Washington, their sixth round pick who also did not sign, to the NCAA for violating the rule against using a sports agent during financial negotiations, which is "something that reportedly happens all the time".[46][47][48] The NCAA suspended Wetzler for 11 games, which is 20% of the Beavers' season.[49][46] He is scheduled to make his season debut on March 2 against the Wright State Raiders.[50]
Other collegiate athletic organizations[edit]
The NCAA is the dominant, but not the only, collegiate athletic organization in the United States. Several other such organizations exist.
In the United States[edit]
- National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA)
- National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA)
- National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA)
- United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA)
- Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) – disbanded in 1982, after the NCAA began sponsoring championships in women's sports
- Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges (NWAACC) - Community colleges in Washington and Oregon
Foreign intercollegiate/interuniversity equivalents[edit]
- British Universities & Colleges Sport
- Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS)
- Canadian Colleges Athletic Association (CCAA)
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) (NCAA) and University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) for Philippines (among other leagues)
International governing body[edit]
- International University Sports Federation (FISU) (Fédération Internationale du Sport Universitaire)
See also[edit]
- Academic Progress Rate
- College athletics in the United States
- College rivalries
- Collegiate Club Sports
- Higher education in the United States
- List of college athletic programs by U.S. state
- List of college sports team nicknames
- List of U.S. college mascots
- ^ a b c d e "About the NCAA History". NCAA. Retrieved August 17, 2011. "President Theodore Roosevelt summoned college athletics leaders to two White House conferences to encourage reforms. In early December 1905, Chancellor Henry M. MacCracken of New York University convened a meeting of 13 institutions to initiate changes in football playing rules. At a subsequent meeting December 28 in New York City, 62 colleges and universities became charter members of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS). The IAAUS officially was constituted March 31, 1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910."
- ^ "Simon Fraser University approved to join NCAA D II". Tsn.ca. October 7, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
- ^ "NCAA History". NCAA. 2005.
- ^ a b c d e f NCAA History between 1910 and 1980
- ^ Ginsburg, Ruth Bader (February 23, 1999). "NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSN. v. SMITH". Legal Information Institute. Cornell Law School. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
- ^ O'Toole, Thomas (September 1, 2009). "NCAA welcomes Simon Fraser, first Canadian member school". USA Today. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
- ^ Lemire, Joe (August 5, 2009). "Canadian school's admittance to NCAA may change rules up north". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
- ^ "Growth of NCAA Apparent; But Optimism Stll Abounds" (PDF). NCAA News. June 15, 1973. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
- ^ NCAA will move in 1989 to Overland Park, Kansas - NCAA News - May 4, 1988<
- ^ a b c "Final Four: Indianapolis competes with Dallas, Denver and Kansas City for the NCAA's new headquarters - Indiana Business Magazine - March 1, 1997". Allbusiness.com. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
- ^ "NCAA headquarters in Indianapolis to open July 26". NCAA. July 15, 1999.[dead link]
- ^ a b c Lapointe, Joe (October 11, 2002). "The N.C.A.A. Selects Brand As Its Chief". The New York Times. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ Wieberg, Steve (September 16, 2009). "NCAA president Myles Brand dies after battle with cancer". USA Today. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ Senior VP Jim Isch named interim president Isch pledges to further Brand's focus, NCAA News, September 22, 2009
- ^ NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, October 2011, http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/PR2012.pdf
- ^ NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, October 2011, http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/PR2012.pdf
- ^ NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, October 2011, http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/PR2012.pdf
- ^ Karen Owoc, Title IX and Its Effect on Men's Collegiate Athletics, http://usa-sports.org/TitleIX.pdf
- ^ "Summary of NCAA Championships" (PDF). Retrieved June 10, 2010.[dated info]
- ^ a b The Best Female and Best Male College Basketball and Best College Football Player ESPY Awards — awarded from 1993 to 2001 — were absorbed in 2002 by the Best Female and Best Male College Athlete ESPY Awards.
- ^ "NCAA Awards". NCAA official website. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
- ^ For a list of recipients of each salute, go to the following webpage and scroll down to "NCAA Honor Roll". and Events/Awards/Honors Program/ "NCAA Honors Celebration". NCAA official website. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
- ^ NCAA Broadcast Information - NCAA.com[dead link]
- ^ "EA Sports Didn't Need the NCAA's Logo, and Maybe It Didn't Want It". Kotaku. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
- ^ Goldfarb, Andrew (July 17, 2013). "NCAA Will Not Renew WA Sports Contract". IGN. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
- ^ U.S. Supreme Court (Argued March 20, 1984 - Decided June 27, 1984). "NCAA v. BOARD OF REGENTS OF UNIV. OF OKLA., 468 U.S. 85 (1984) 468 U.S. 85 NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION v. BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT No. 83-271.". Findlaw.com. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
- ^ a b Hishinuma and Fremstad 589-591[vague]
- ^ 2009-2010 Guide for the College Bound Athletes
- ^ "Football recruiting now a 24/7/365 event". ESPN. Go.com. October 22, 2010. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ a b Elkin, Ali (August 17, 2011). "NCAA's stricter academic rules: What does it mean for your team?". This Just In (blog). CNN. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ "NCAA News Release; Baylor University, Former Basketball Coaches Penalized for Multiple Violations of NCAA Rules". Ncaa.org. Retrieved September 6, 2010.[dead link]
- ^ a b c d e NCAA document February 19, 2010.
- ^ Erick Smith, USC 'vehemently' disagrees with NCAA's rejection of appeal, USA Today, May 26, 2011
- ^ "South Carolina Gets Three Years of Probation for NCAA Violations- Bloomberg". Mobile.bloomberg.com. April 28, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ^ "NCAA Invests in Largest Officiating Management Organizations in Amateur Sports". NCAA.org. September 25, 2008. Retrieved November 6, 2009.[dead link]
- ^ NCAA invests in officiating companies[dead link]
- ^ "NCAA Corporate Champions and Corporate Partners". Ncaa.org. December 14, 2007. Retrieved November 6, 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Georgia lineman Kolton Houston is still waiting to play after 2010 PED mistake - ESPN The Magazine - ESPN. Espn.go.com (May 31, 2013). Retrieved on July 17, 2013.
- ^ "Naked in Nebraska: a wrestler's story". ESPN. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
- ^ "Crack Baby Athletic Association (Season 15, Episode 5) - Full Episode Player". South Park Studios. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ^ "npr.org - Frank Deford - NPR's Frank Deford: The NCAA, is Membership Worth It? - Wednesday April 11, 2012". npr.org.
- ^ "SI.com - SI Writers - Rick Reilly - SI's Rick Reilly: Corrupting Our Utes - Wednesday August 06, 2003 09:53 AM". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
- ^ "White v NCAA". NCAA. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
- ^ "NCPA now homepage". Retrieved September 6 2010.
- ^ Ross William Hamilton/The Oregonian (July 12, 2013). "Oregon State baseball: It's 'Christmas on July 12' as pitchers Ben Wetzler and Scott Schultz announce they're coming back for senior seasons". OregonLive.com. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
- ^ a b "Ben Wetzler, draft pick that Phillies reportedly told NCAA on, suspended". NJ.com. February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
- ^ Eggers, Kerry (February 14, 2014). "NCAA suspends Oregon State pitcher". KOIN.com. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
- ^ Axson, Scooby (February 14, 2014). "Report: Phillies turn in Oregon State's Ben Wetzler to NCAA for using an agent | SI Wire". Tracking.si.com. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
- ^ Snyder, Matt (June 11, 2008). "Ben Wetzler suspended for 20 percent of Oregon State's season". CBSSports.com. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
- ^ Letourneau, Connor (February 27, 2014). "Oregon State rundown: Pat Casey, other Beavers discuss Ben Wetzler's return". The Oregonian. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Further reading[edit]
- Carter, W. Burlette (2006). "The Age of Innocence: The First 25 Years of the NCAA, 1906-1931" (PDF). Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology 8 (2): 211–91.
- Carter, W. Burlette (2000). "Student Athlete Welfare in a Restructured NCAA" (PDF). Virginia Journal of Sports and the Law 8 (1): 1–103.
- Carter, W. Burlette (2002). "Sounding the Death Knell for In Loco Parentis" (PDF). Indiana Law Review 35 (3): 851–923.
External links[edit]
- NCAA official website
- NCAA administrative website
- NCAA student information website
- NCAA records (all sports)
- NCAA baseball records in Divisions I, II, and III since 2001
- NCAA men's basketball records in Division I, II, and III since 2001
- NCAA women's basketball records in Divisions I, II, and III since 2001
- NCAA American football records in Divisions I (FBS and FCS) since 2004
- NCAA American football records in Divisions II and III since 2004
- NCAA men's hockey records in Divisions I and III since 2004
- NCAA women's hockey records in Divisions I and III since 2004
- NCAA softball records in Divisions I, II, and III since 2001
- NCAA Football Picks official website


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Search Result
Search Tags: Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band
Tickets sold out for Bruce Springsteen at Nats Park
Friday - 09/14/2012, 01:55am EDT
Tags: Bruce Springsteen, Nationals Park, tickets
E Streeters on Springsteen Nats Park show
Steve Van Zandt and Nils Lofgren of the E Street Band say Bruce Springsteen's show at Nationals Park Friday night will feature a freewheeling, gut-feeling, heart-stealing blend of new and old songs.
Wednesday - 09/12/2012, 07:57am EDT
Tags: Bruce Springsteen, Neal Augenstein
ListenSpringsteen guitarist Nils Lofgren talks of coming home
When Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band rock out at National's Park on Friday, it will be something of a homecoming for guitarist Nils Lofgren.
Tuesday - 09/11/2012, 02:52pm EDT
Tags: Nils Lofgren, garrett park

subset: commoncrawl


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(1) reviews
Tips To Finding Your Perfect Fit
- Do you know what glasses size best fits you? Search for the perfect fitting pair by narrowing your search based on your size measurements.
- Tip #1 - Measure your current glasses. The size measurements can be found on the inside temple of your current glasses.
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Glasses Size Chart
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- Progressive Eligible:
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- 52 mm
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Vera Bradley Meghan HOD Hello Dahlia! eyeglasses are a sophisticated style. The copper brown metal finish and rounded rectangular shape of the frame keeps it an elegant, feminine option. The arms have a dark brown and amber havana finish on the exterior with a bright pink, magenta, and mint green floral patterned interior.About the Brand
Vera Bradley has earned a distinguished reputation as a leader in the gift industry. Guided by the founders, Patricia R. Miller and Barbara Bradley Baekgaard, Vera Bradley started with stylish luggage, handbags and accessories that combined smart product designs with distinctive fabrics and trims. The Vera Bradley eyeglasses collection incorporates the same playful patterns and savvy designs with classically flattering shapes that you'll love.
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From ErfWiki
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Tramennis and Duke Adam Antium are seen from their right rotated to the front. Tramennis is shielding his eyes from the sun with one arm looking straight ahead, the Duke looks over his left shoulder. Some Jetstone soldiers and a Haggar Warlord can be seen behind Tramennis on his left.
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Sound: NORP! NORP! NORP


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Sanibel Harbour Resort 1012 in Fort Myers
- bedrooms 2
- baths 2
- sleeps 6
- pool yes
- hot tub yes
- pets allowed no
- type Condo
- community
rates (USD)
/ night
$ 995 - $ 1,890 / week
vacation rental description
Located within the Sanibel Harbour Resort and Spa, unit 1012 is located in the Harbour View tower on the 10 floor overlooking Pine Island Sound, San Carlos Bay and Sanibel Causeway. This two bedroom condo offers a full kitchen, washer/dryer, Three TV's, Two DVD Players and screened in porch. Short stays available with a three night minimum. Sanibel Harbour is located right before Sanibel Island and offers access to restaurants and pool on-site.


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RT @RogerKuznia: Oklahoma State committed the sin of being up 3 and not fouling, @tsnmike. And it paid for it in loss to ISU: http://t.co/y…
1 hour and 14 seconds agoSean Kilpatrick conquers Senior Night emotions and pushes Cincinnati closer to an AAC title. SN's Mike DeCourcy says Kilpatrick's story is the story of college basketball this season: veteran leaders spurring teams to success.
Read MoreThe Bearcats are on the verge of adding to their collection of championship banners. Led by senior Sean Kilpatrick, UC downs Memphis, a big step toward the inaugural American Athletic Conference regular-season title.
Read MoreGiven the pressure of pursuing perfection, would Wichita State benefit from losing before the NCAA Tournament? SN's Mike DeCourcy tackles that subject along with Michigan's John Beilein, the ACC and much more.
Read MoreMichigan State and Arizona learn what injuries can do as Branden Dawson and Brandon Ashley miss significant time. SN's Mike DeCourcy sees telling stats of how major maladies affect big-time programs.
Read MoreHistory has proven that adding dual-national players could boost some of the best soccer nations in the world. So what's the big deal that U.S. coach Jurgen Klinsmann is relying on German-Americans ahead of the World Cup?
Read MoreA look at the bubble teams' chances as Selection Sunday nears.
Read MoreMark Cuban thinks young players are better off in the D-League than entering a "one-and-done" situation in college. SN's Mike DeCourcy thinks the Mavs owner can't be more wrong, and explains how schools get the job done.
Read MoreKeith Appling's senior season began with a challenge and could end in disappointment. SN's Mike DeCourcy says this point guard, brilliant at his best, is a problem Michigan State can only hope will find resolution.
Read MoreKansas remains among college basketball's strongest teams, even with seven losses. So it's not unthinkable the Jayhawks will be a No. 1 seed on Selection Sunday. SN's Mike DeCourcy tells why, and how KU might fail.
Read MoreDavante Gardner and Marquette get to howl about their latest success, but obstacles remain on their road to March Madness. SN's Mike DeCourcy explores the future for teams who must win now to make the NCAA Dance.
Read MoreThe light still hasn't gone on for the Wildcats' latest freshman wonders. The most recent example: the group's play in a home loss to Arkansas. SN's Mike DeCourcy says it plainly: The evaluators got it wrong with these guys.
Read MoreFlorida has risen to No. 1 because it's been perfect in SEC play. What's the biggest reason for that? SN's Mike DeCourcy points to point guard Scottie Wilbekin's growth for giving the Gators a fierce bite.
Read MoreWichita State is doing something that no other team has done in a generation, yet it's getting more than its share of guff for not being an elite program. SN's Mike DeCourcy says the hate is something to hate on its own.
Read MoreWith just weeks to go until Selection Sunday, Sporting News will take a near-daily look at the teams whose NCAA Tournament credentials have yet to be solidified.
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MOTHER'S DAY SONGS AND POEMS FOR KIDS Google uses DoubleClick DART cookies to serve ads on our website. To know more about this practice and your options, please click here.
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Three people died and more than 170 were wounded by two explosions set off near the finish line of the Boston Marathon on Monday. Authorities have yet to name a suspect, and a motive is not yet known. But the date of the attacks, April 15, brought to mind several other violent attacks on U.S. soil that have all occurred around the same time of year.
On April 19,1993, 76 people died in a fire at the Branch Davidian compound just outside of Waco, Texas.
The Branch Davidians were a religious sect that at the time was led by David Koresh. Believing Koresh had stockpiled illegal weapons, federal agents attempted to serve a search warrant on the complex on Feb. 28, 1993. An ensuing two-hour gun battle killed four agents and six in the compound. That began a 50-day standoff that ended with an attempted assault by the FBI and the deadly blaze. To this day, there is a dispute over whether the Davidians deliberately started the fire.
Three years later, on April 19, 1995, Timothy McVeigh parked a car full of explosives in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. The ensuing blast destroyed the building and killed 168 people, including 19 children.
McVeigh said one of the reasons he set off the bomb was to retaliate against the government for the Branch Davidian standoff. He was executed in 2001.
On April 20, 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 12 students and a teacher at Columbine High School before turning their guns on themselves. Another 23 students were wounded. It is believed the timing of the Columbine attack was supposed to coincide with the Oklahoma City bombing anniversary, or possibly Adolf Hilter's birthday, which was April 20.
On April 16, 2007, student Seung-Hui Cho gunned down 32 students and professors and wounded another 17 at Virginia Tech. Cho staged two different attacks on different parts of the campus about two hours apart. He then killed himself. The date of the Virginia Tech shootings falling so near other anniversaries of violent events appears to be a coincidence.
Go a lot further back into U.S. history and there are a few more anniversaries of bloody events. President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on April 15, 1865.
Coincidentally, April 19, the day of the Branch Davidian fire, is also the date the first shots of the Revolutionary War were fired in 1775 during the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Robert Blaskiewicz, a Georgia Institute of Technology professor who has studied conspiracy theories, told CNN in 2011 that the anniversary of the siege in Waco falling on the date of two battles that started a war against foreign oppression holds a special significance for those who see the U.S. government as an oppressor.
The violent acts in mid-April stick out, but the beginning of April also has some tragic anniversaries. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968, at the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis, Tenn.
On April 2, 2012, a former student of Oikos University, a small Christian school in Northern California, killed seven people and wounded three others at the college. It's believed the suspect, One Gogh, was upset school administrators wouldn't refund his tuition after he dropped out of the school's nursing program.
Take a look at a timeline of the events related to the Boston Marathon explosions.


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American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
Making effective communication, a human right, accessible and achievable for all.
Featured Partner
Become a Partner
All sessions are final as scheduled. If, for some reason, a presentation must be withdrawn at the last moment due to a schedule conflict or other unforeseen circumstances, send immediate written notification to firstname.lastname@example.com so the change or cancellation may be noted in the program addendum.
The Convention program is now available through the Program Planner. It contains the comprehensive and detailed schedule of all education sessions offered during the 2013 ASHA Convention—both oral seminars and poster presentations. The Program Planner serves as both the advance Convention program and a tool to create your own personal schedule of sessions. A mobile app version of the Program Planner is available on the ASHA website.
All registrants will receive a copy of the official ASHA Convention Program Book onsite in Chicago. View the Program Book online.
The Pocket Planner brochure lists all 1-hour and 2-hour oral seminars, technical research sessions, and new technical clinical sessions in an abbreviated, take-along format that can be easily viewed on your smartphone or tablet or downloaded and printed. Use the online Program Planner to search by session code or title find the complete details for the sessions listed in the Pocket Planner.
Pre-Convention educational events give attendees an opportunity to earn additional CEUs through the Illinois State Speech-Language-Hearing Association-sponsored workshops or the Specialty Board Symposium. Tickets (additional fee) for the Pre-Convention sessions may be purchased when registering for the Convention.
You may purchase tickets to attend the pre-Convention sessions even if you do not plan to attend the Convention. In order to purchase tickets, however, you'll still need to complete the Convention registration process. When you log into the registration system select the "Wednesday Only" registration option for $0, which will allow you to add tickets for the sessions being held on Wednesday. You will pay only for those sessions you select, and will not be registered for the ASHA Convention, which begins on Thursday.
PC01: Katharine G. Butler Symposium in Child Language—Fragile X Syndrome (FXS): Genetics, Neurobiology, Treatment, & Language Profile (Ticketed)Presented by Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Rush University Medical Center; Molly Losh, Northwestern University; and Sue Ellen Krause, Krause Speech & Language Services1:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.McCormick Place, W179AB
PC02: Executive Function & Dysfunction: Developmental Mechanisms & Associations With Language & Sensory Learning (Ticketed)Presented by Scott J. Hunter, Center for Health & the Social Sciences at The University of Chicago1:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. McCormick Place, W183A
PC03: Looking at Children With New Eyes (Ticketed)Presented by Jennifer Rosinia, Kid Links Unlimited, Inc.1:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.McCormick Place, W183B
PC04: Tackling the Tough Issues in Service Delivery for Bilingual Children (Ticketed)Presented by Brenda Gorman, Marquette University1:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.McCormick Place, W181
Attendance at your choice of more than 2,300 oral seminars and poster presentations is included with your ASHA Convention registration, however, you may also choose to purchase tickets to Short Courses. Short courses are 3-hour ticketed sessions with an additional fee of $80 for attendance. They offer more in-depth content presented at the intermediate level or above and are led by presenters who hold expertise in the subject matter. Tickets for short courses may be purchased when registering for the Convention. View the 2013 Short Courses.
Presenters of both oral seminars and poster sessions should review the following important information and guidelines when preparing to present at the 2013 ASHA Convention.
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Cheap ski holidays in hundreds of ski resorts worldwide.
Nb: infants must be under the age of 2 and children must be under the age of 12 at the time of return.
Pramiri: Chalet "Hildegard". In a quiet position. Private: garden. Steep, narrow motor access to 100 m from the house. In Winter: please take snow chains, 4x4 car recommended in winter. Stepped path (74 steps) to the house. Parking at 100 m. Shop, restaurant 600 m. Golf course 18 km, cable cabin 600 m. "Hildegarde", 4-room chalet 84 m2 on 2 levels: living/dining room with open fireplace, cable-TV, radio, CD-player and DVD. Exit to the terrace. Kitchen (3 hotplates, oven). Sep. WC. On the lower ground floor: 1 room with 1 french bed (140 cm). 1 room with 1 x 2 bunk beds. 1 room with 2 beds. Bath/WC. Balcony, terrace. Terrace furniture, box-room. Nice view of the mountains and the valley. Facilities: washing machine. Reserved parking at 100 m. Only 1 parking place.
Iglu acts as a travel agent for disclosed principals/tour operators, further details of which will be made available at the time of booking. Your holiday contract will be bound by the tour operators terms and conditions.
Prices are shown for a basic room or unit, can be subject to change and are indicative until time of booking. Please call on 0208 544 7114 for prices for other travel and room options for this property. The price shown includes 7 nights accommodation (unless otherwise stated) , with flights from Gatwick. Ski Pass is not included. Prices shown are Per person per week based on maximum occupancy. Descriptions and quality ratings are provided by the Tour Operator (or one of the Tour Operators where similar holidays are offered by more than one supplier). We reserve the right to make minor adjustments to the description or rating based on staff and customer feedback. For payments by credit card, a 2.5% credit card charge (4% for AMEX) will be added to your invoice. If you pay by a UK issued debit card, there is no charge. All bookings are subject to a £5 per person Passenger Admin Fee charged by Iglu.com.


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The proposed Atlanta Falcons stadium isn't slated to open for more than four years, but already team officials are closely watching the calendar.
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Since negotiations for a new Falcons stadium started more than two years ago, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution has been committed to closely following the proposal for our readers. Our reporters covered the shifting funding plan and its effect on taxpayers, debate over the need for a new stadium and its potential location, and the political maneuvering involved in moving the project forward. Most recently the AJC examined the financial plan in detail, revealing for readers a projection that the ultimate cost in hotel-motel tax dollars dedicated to financing, maintaining and operating the stadium could approach $900 million over the next three decades, far more than the $200 million committed to construction.
What's next in stadium saga
The city of Atlanta's development authority — Invest Atlanta, which would issue the bonds to fund the public portion of the construction cost — is expected to vote soon on the deal. That is the last vote needed for the project to move forward. If the transaction is approved by Invest Atlanta:
By April 30: The Falcons and the Georgia World Congress Center Authority plan to hire a lead architect.
By May 31: The Falcons plan to hire a general contractor.
By Aug. 1: The Falcons and the GWCCA plan to determine if the preferred site immediately south of the Georgia Dome is feasible and the needed property can be acquired. If the south site isn't confirmed by this date, the plan is to shift to a backup spot 1/2 mile north of the Dome.
By Oct. 31: Preliminary schematic drawings are to be completed.
Ground-breaking: Probably mid-2014 or shortly thereafter, given the planned 2017 opening.


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Create a fantastic modern environment in your dining room with this rectangular dining table. It features a stunning metallic pedestal base and a sleek rectangular glass table top. Add the comfortable upholstered side chairs from this collection for an excellent set.
The Cilla Rectangular Dining Table by Chintaly Imports is available in the Tampa, St Petersburg, Orlando, Ormond Beach area from Hudson's Furniture.
Bring the trendy feel of modern designs into your home with the Cilla dining collection. Attributes of this amazing collection includes metallic bases and eye-catching glass tops. The upholstered counter stools and chairs add extra comfort when enjoying a meal with a couple of friends. Functional and stylish, the Cilla collection will bring complexity to your contemporary décor.
The Cilla collection is a great option if you are looking for Contemporary furniture in the Tampa, St Petersburg, Orlando, Ormond Beach area.
View other items in the Cilla collection available from Hudson's Furniture in the Tampa, St Petersburg, Orlando, Ormond Beach area.
This item has been tagged as: Table, Dining Tables, Table Set, Dining Table Set, Pub Table, Counter Height Table, Bar Table, Pub Table Set, Counter Height Table Set, Bar Table Set, Dining Room Furniture, Entertaining Furniture, Furniture Sets, Game Table Set, Gaming Tables, Office Furniture, Conference Tables, Meeting Tables, Serving Tables, Kitchen Table, Kitchen Table Set, Bistro Table, Bistro Table Sets, Pedestal Table, Leg Table, Dining Room Tables, Food Table, Table with Leaves, Leaf Table, Dinner Table, Dinette, Dinette Set, Extension Dining Table, Extendable Table
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item.
Hudson's Furniture serves Orlando, Tampa, Sarasota, St. Petersburg, Daytona Beach, and many surrounding communities. If you're shopping for furniture or mattresses in the Orlando or Tampa areas, Hudson's can help you find the best value on quality furniture. Shop online or stop by one of our many furniture stores in Florida. Whether you're shopping for furniture in Tampa, Altamonte Springs, Lakeland, Brandon, Pinellas Park, Clearwater, Sanford, Orlando, Palm Bay, Melbourne, Winter Park, Ocoee, Deltona, Smyma Beach, Port Orange, Daytona Beach, Clearwater, Palm Harbor, Ocala Hudson's has you covered with a great selection and incredible service. We can help you find the perfect furniture for your living room, dining room, bedroom, or vacation home. Click here to find directions and store hours to our stores or contact us and let our helpful sales staff direct you to our nearest Florida Furniture Store.
Check our store locator for the Hudson's Furniture Store nearest you.
Call 1-877-340-5799 for pricing and product information
Hudson's Furniture features a great selection of living room, bedroom, dining room, home office, entertainment, accent, furniture, and mattresses, and can help you with your home design and decorating. View recent additions to our online furniture gallery. Hudson's Furniture offers great quality furniture, at a low price to the Tampa, Altamonte Springs, Lakeland, Brandon, Pinellas Park, Clearwater, Sanford, Orlando, Palm Bay, Melbourne, Winter Park, Ocoee, Deltona, Smyma Beach, Port Orange, Daytona Beach, Clearwater, Palm Harbor, Ocala area.
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Hooper Branch Savanna Nature Preserve
Iroquois County
Location and Access:
From St. Anne, take Highway 1 south two miles, then turn and go east 9 miles to Iroquois County State Wildlife Area parking lot. The nature preserve is just northwest of the parking lot.
Special Note: A hiking trail has been established and picnicking facilities are available adjacent to the parking area.
Hooper Branch Savanna is a large sand savanna representative of the Kankakee Sand Area Section of the Grand Prairie Natural Division. It is situated at the edge of former Glacial Lake Watseka formed about 14,000 to 15,000 years ago during the Kankakee Torrent. The area consists of dune and swale topography, some dunes reaching 695 feet in height.
Five biotic communities are found in the nature preserve: dry sand savanna, dry-mesic sand savanna, shrub prairie/mesic sand prairie, pin oak flatwoods and successional fields.
Notable plant species include Eastern blue-eyed grass, bristly blackberry, primrose violet, false foxglove, scarlet oak, wild lupine, crested fern, black chokeberry and winterberry holly. Notable animals present include red squirrel, six-lined racerunner, red-headed woodpecker and plains pocket gopher.
Ownership: Illinois Department of Natural Resources
Dedicated: June 1986
Size: 562 acres with buffer
Topo Map: Donovan and Leesville 7.5
For Further Information Contact: Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Biologist, 301 Sourth Date Street, Gibson City, IL 60936 (217/784-4730) or Site Superintendent, Iroquois County Wildlife Area, Beaverville, IL 60912 (815/435-2218)
1/09 - R. Heidorn


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Marian Rivera, Gerald Anderson, Eddie Garcia lead 2012 Golden Screen TV Awards
By Allan PolicarpioPhilippine Daily Inquirer
MANILA, Philippines—GMA's prized talent Marian Rivera, ABS-CBN's golden boy Gerald Anderson and veteran actor Eddie Garcia are the top awardees for the 2012 Golden Screen TV Awards held Friday night at Teatrino in Greenhills, San Juan City.
ABS-CBN took home the "Network of the Year Award."
Here's the partial list of winners:
Outstanding lead actor in a gag/comedy program— Ogie Alcasid, "Bubbe Gang"
Outstanding lead actress in a gag/comedy program—Angelica Panganiban, "Banana Split"
Helen Vela Lifetime Achievement Award for Drama—Gloria Romero
Helen Vela Lifetime Achievement Award for Comedy—Nova Villa
Helen Vela Lifetime Achievement Award for Broadcasting—Mel Tiangco
Dolphy Lifetime Achievement Award –Eddie Garcia
Outstanding Breakthrough Performance by an Actress—Jasmine Curtis Smith
Outstanding Breakthrough Performance by an Actor—Richard Yap, ABS-CBN's "Please Be Careful With My Heart"
Outstanding News Male Presenter—Julius Babao, "Bandila"
Outstanding News Female Presenter —Vicky Morales, "Saksi"
Outstanding Public Affairs Program – "Failon Ngayon"
Outstanding News Program—"State of the Nation"
Outstanding Musical Program—"Asap 2012"
Outstanding Variety Program – "Eat Bulaga!"
Outstanding Adapted Drama Series—"Valiente"
Original Drama Series—"Walang Hanggan"
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series—Paulo Avelino, "Walang Hanggan" and Neil Ryan Sese, "Munting Heredera"
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series—Helen Gamboa, "Walang Hanggan"
Outstanding Actor In a Drama Series—Gerald Anderson, "Budoy"
Outstanding Actress In a Drama Series—Marian Rivera, "Amaya"
Network of the Year: "ABS CBN"
First posted 2:07 a.m.
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Complete stories on our Digital Edition newsstand for tablets, netbooks and mobile phones; 14-issue free trial. About to step out? Get breaking alerts on your mobile.phone. Text ON INQ BREAKING to 4467, for Globe, Smart and Sun subscribers in the Philippines.Tags: 2012 Golden Screen TV Awards , Eddie Garcia , Enpress , Gerald Anderson , Golden Screen , Golden Screen TV Awards , Marian Rivera , Ogie Alcasid , Television , TV , TV awards


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Afro beat rhythms with modern soul and dance music! UCLA Live presents Zap Mama along with Amp Fiddler.
Friday, September 23, 2005
Royce Hall
UCLA campus
Los Angeles, CA 90095
Born in Zaire and raised in Belgium, visionary Marie Daulne, Zap Mama, has successfully integrated a cappella melodies and Afro beat rhythms into the fabric of modern soul and dance music to become one of the most popular and exhilarating world music ensembles on the planet. Recently enlisting the talents of the Roots, Common, Erykah Badu, Taleb Kweli and other hip-hop and R&B luminaries, Zap Mama continues to expand the boundaries of world music, album by album.
Detroit's electronic soul-funk artist and former George Clinton sideman, Amp Fiddler will open.
UCLA Central Ticket Office
Tel: 310.825.2101
Fax: 310.206.7540
Cost: Ticket prices $45, 35, 25; parking is $8. Ticket orders can be placed via phone, fax, or online.
Special Instructions
Handling and Facility Fees -- there are additional fees above the individual ticket prices: - Single Tickets are charged $4.50 handling fee per ticket purchased online, and $4 handling fee per ticket otherwise. - Choose Your Own Series are charged $12 per order handling fee online or otherwise. - Series Subscriptions are charged a $6 per series handling fee online or otherwise. - All tickets are charged a facility fee of $2 per ticket. Series Subscription package prices already include the facility fee. - All online orders are assessed an additional $4.10 online processing charge.
For more information please contact
UCLA Live Tel: 310.825.2101


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Home » Cancer Registration & Surveillance Modules » Cancer & Medical Terminology
- Cancer & Medical Terminology
- Word Roots, Suffixes, & Prefixes
- Common Symptomatic Suffixes
- Common Diagnostic Suffixes
- Complaints & Symptoms
- Physical Findings
- Illnesses
- Abbreviations, Symbols, & Acronyms
- Selected Bibliography
Cancer & Medical Terminology
The Cancer and Medical Terminology module introduces you to the terminology used in medical records to describe cancers and other medical conditions. People working in cancer registries need to recognize and understand the medical terminology in the records they collect to ensure that the information included in the Registry's data is as complete and accurate as possible.
- Define key Greek and Latin roots that are used in medical terminology.
- Define the meanings of the common prefixes and suffixes found in cancer and medical terminology.
- Determine the meanings of medical terms used in the medical records of cancer patients based on their roots, prefixes and suffixes.


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The Mets Magic NumberThe Mets Magic number is: 23Wildcard Magic number 21The Magic number is generated every hour during the regular MLB Season. Please bookmark this page and come back during the first week in April to check your team's progress.The Major League Baseball Magic number for the Mets has been calculated using the following method from the current standings. Take the number of games yet to be played, add one, then subtract the number of games ahead in the loss column of the standings from the closest opponent. Before the season starts, every team has a magic number of 163. wins:74, losses:88, home:33-48, away:41-40 |
This page was programmed by Keith P. Graham. Read his book: Error Message Eyes: A Programmer's Guide to the Digital Soul |
v. 4/03/2013


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$ 45.00
$ 22.50
Our Stretch Twill Shorts are crafted in cotton with a hint of stretch for comfort and ease of fit. Includes a front button and zipper closure as well as a hidden adjustable waistband on sizes 4-12 to fine tune the perfect fit. Machine wash. Imported.
Unfortunately, we are unable to fulfill your requested quantity at this time. The remaining items will be shipped as soon as they are available.


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Licensee Lookup
Licensure with the Board
Applications and Forms
Renew Your License
Change Your Address
Application Status
Print copy of your license
Telephone: (803) 896-4588 Roz Bailey-Glover Matteah Taylor Glinda Legette Mary League
Email: email@example.com
Interim Administrator
Program Coordinator
Licensing Barber Shop
and Hair Braider
Advice Counsel
Persons interested in becoming a barber must apply for a student permit to train as a barber. One can either complete 1500 hours of barber training from an accredited barber school or a person could complete 12 months of full time training under a licensed barber instructor in a barber shop. This would average to approximately 1,920 hours.


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Main Content
Use the following links to share and save this page. You can Skip over this sharing and saving feature if you do not wish to use it.
From youth to pro sports, Minnesota has it all. Sports fans can see professional men's and women's basketball with the Timberwolves and Lynx, Vikings football, Wild hockey, Twins baseball and Swarm lacrosse.
Independent leagues showcase great outdoor baseball in towns across the state, and University of Minnesota teams in the Twin Cities and Duluth draw a huge following. See what has home state fans cheering!


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Dairy "Badvertisements" Mislead Women with Faulty Beauty and Health Claims
WASHINGTON—Got deception? A recent crop of television commercials use misleading health and beauty claims to sell dairy products to women. In a new online poll, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) asks visitors to its website to fight back by watching the three "Badvertisements" and voting on which one sends the most deceptive health message.
A Yoplait commercial claims that women can "Burn More Fat, Lose More Weight" by eating yogurt. A Nesquik spot suggests that the sugar-laden, chocolate beverage will promote bone growth. And a Spanish-language Got Milk? commercial asserting that milk maintains stronger and healthier hair features "Amazon goddesses" using their hair as lassos, self-defense tools, and jumping ropes.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recently announced that scientific evidence was not sufficient to support some dairy industry advertising claims. In response to a petition filed by PCRM with the FTC, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and two major dairy trade groups recently agreed to stop claiming that dairy products cause weight loss because such claims are not supported by existing scientific research.
"Dairy products don't cause weight loss and, surprisingly, they don't ensure bone health or prevent fractures," said Susan Levin, M.S., R.D. "And regulators are starting to insist on an end to such claims."
Independent research, including a recent study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, has found that dairy product consumption either has little or no effect on weight loss or actually increases body weight. In addition, a 2005 review published in Pediatrics showed that milk consumption does not improve bone integrity in children. Studies show that a diet rich in legumes, whole-grains, fruits, and vegetables is one of the best ways to promote weight loss, strong bones, and overall health.
"Yoplait, Nesquik, and Got Milk? should follow the USDA's lead and discontinue their own false and deceptive advertising campaigns," added Ms. Levin.
Founded in 1985, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine is a nonprofit health organization that promotes preventive medicine, conducts clinical research, and encourages higher standards for ethics and effectiveness in research.
Media Contact: Tara Failey 202-527-7319 email@example.com
Susan Levin, M.S., R.D
Related Links: FTC letter to PCRM (PDF) FTC Petition (PDF) Health Concerns about Dairy Products fact sheet
Mail Options: Subscribe to PCRM's news release distribution list
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The trustees of the Titanic International Society have announced the passing of their membership services trustee, Dave Shuttle on the 11th July 2012 in Erie, Pennsylvania.
TIS President, Charles Haas issued this statement, "Dave was a tireless worker for the society and the best friend anyone could wish for. He will be deeply missed by all who came to know him. Our heartfelt sympathy is extended to his wife, Roberta (Bobbie), and his many friends and family."
We were very saddened by this news, and on behalf of the Society and its members we send our condolences to Dave's family and friends.


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Even as she discarded another dream, though, she began piecing together a future that combined education and drama. "I was not going to be a working actress. I wasn't going to be a teacher. [But I wanted to be a part of] children's entertainment," says Sweeney, who headed to Harvard in 1979 to earn a master's in education after discovering that some of the Sesame Street creators were teaching there. It was while sitting in the back of a class called Children and Television that she met her future husband, Philip Miller. "He was so irreverent," she says, adding that she was attracted enough to ask him out. "I said, 'Would you like to play squash with me?' and he said, 'No, but I eat it sometimes.' He thought he was being witty." Five years later, they were married.
Sweeney's first job after graduation, working for an independent television production that satirized the 1980 presidential race, fell apart after three months. "The show turned out to be so expensive, they closed our department," she says. "That was a great lesson in you're there one day and not the next." But when someone she'd met on that job asked, "What do you really want to do?" she went with her gut and replied, "I really want to do kids' TV, but I can't get a job at Sesame Street." That contact led Sweeney to the then-fledgling cable channel Nickelodeon, where she got a job as an assistant to the director of acquisitions, Geraldine Laybourne.
The memory of her shabby secretarial skills still makes her laugh out loud: "Gerry gave me the first memo to type. It took me, like, half the day, and she came to me and said, 'I thought you said you typed really fast,' and I said, [she switches to a tiny, sheepish voice] 'Well, compared to my friends [I do].' "
What Sweeney lacked in IBM Selectric skills, she made up for in her ability to critically assess TV movies and specials that might end up on the network. Not much later, Laybourne, a former schoolteacher herself, taught her the art of negotiation the low-tech way. Sweeney would sit at her boss's side as Laybourne haggled into the telephone receiver. "We didn't have a speakerphone," says Sweeney. "So I would listen to what she was saying to someone we were buying a series from, and then she'd get off the phone and say, 'OK, remember when I said that? Well, then he said this.' And I learned to negotiate by listening to half the conversation and having the other half filled in."
Over Sweeney's next 12 years at Nickelodeon, she rose to the position of senior vice president and had two children. It was when the cable channel, which was on the air for half the day, had the opportunity to enter into a 24-hour cycle that she discovered she was a self-described launch junkie.
"I think what excites me is the unknown," she says. "There's no certainty when you launch a cable channel, when you launch an app, that people are going to like it . . . if you truly have something people are going to stick with." Faced with extra airtime but little money to create programming, Sweeney was thrilled to be part of the team that acquired old-timey family favorites like Mister Ed and The Donna Reed Show and packaged the reruns as Nick at Night. "We went through the inventory that was available, then looked at things we had loved as kids," she says. Given the success of that programming, the idea now seems like a no-brainer. But at the time no one felt sure that contemporary audiences would respond to shows from a generation before. The classic TV programs appealed as kitsch to kids and teens while also tapping into boomer nostalgia.


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wheres the green armor skin in this video. I have all but that skin whats up? I have the season pass so am I missing sumthin or what? Or will it be out on tuesday with the world release?
Check out the trailer for the Call to Arms Map Pack for Gears of War: Judgement.
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ResourcesArticles & Databases Audiovisuals & Media Books & More Collections Course Pages Periodicals & JournalsQuick Reference Research Guides
ServicesCirculationFor Faculty & StaffFor Students & AlumniInterlibrary Loan My Library Account ReferenceResearch Help
Information About the Library Contact Us CopyrightFAQLibrary PoliciesOff-campus AccessWhat's New
The library's Periodical collection is primarily on the Top Floor. All periodicals are shelved alphabetically by title. In this collection are primarily scholarly journals, with a few popular magazines, published from 1960 (or before -depending on the journal) to the current year. Issues published before 1960 are located in the Back Issues Room on the bottom floor.
Find periodical titles in the library catalog to determine coverage. To search for articles in journals, use our 150+ research databases. These databases allow you to obtain lists of potential articles. You can then use this list to find journal or articles on our shelves, or view and print the complete or full text of an article from your computer screen.
Back to the Tour


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More quality games for Sky Sports customers
Ten races exclusively live on Sky Sports F1 in 2014
Marouane Fellaini finally showed what he could do in a Manchester United shirt, writes Adam Bate.
Watch the full-length version of Sky Sports News' exclusive chat with McLaren boss Ron Dennis.
Adam Bate addresses the main issues to emerge from England's game against Denmark at Wembley.
Listen to the latest news and views from the NFL with our very own Neil Reynolds and Jeff Reinebold.
Norwich could find themselves drifting towards relegation under Chris Hughton, writes Adam Bate.
team 1 | time | team 2 |
No scheduled matches |
Player details | |
Name | Reece Topley |
Dob | 12th February 1994 |
Club | Yorkshire |
Batting Style | Right-hand |
Bowling Style | Left arm medium fast |
Essex youngster Reece Topley has signed a new two-year contract with the club.
Robbie Joseph ran through the Essex tail to give Kent a 57-run win on the final morning.


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As long as they keep doing what they're doing I'm happy. Mobile marketing is extremely powerful. Cell phone users are the largest audience on the planet, and you can make a lot more money with much less time and effort than many other forms of marketing. This makes it super effective with very high ROI's. I have a lot more helpful info about mobile marketing on my site www.youaccomplish.com.
Apple is cashing in at Nokia's expense
UNTIL 2007 Europe appeared to have beaten Silicon Valley in mobile technology for good. Nokia, based in Finland, was the world's largest handset-maker—and raked in much of the profits. But everything changed when Apple introduced the iPhone in 2007, the first smartphone that deserved the name. Today Nokia still ships a third of all handsets, but Apple pulls in more than half of the profits—despite having a market share of barely 4%. Analysts doubt that this gap is sustainable: competitors will continue to go after Apple and squeeze its margin. What is more, fast-growing Chinese handset-makers, notably Huawei and ZTE, will make it into these charts soon. As for Nokia, all bets are off. Some say it will regain some of its old strength. Others predict that its market share will plunge as much as its profits. For our coverage of the firm's woes, click here.


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You are already a registered user on SDB.Please enter SHIP ME promo if you have not already used it previously.
Workplace applications include grinding, sanding, sweeping, bagging and other dusty operations. This respirator features 3M's Advanced Electret Media and adjustable noseclip and nose foam that help provide a secure seal and help reduce eyewear fogging.
Toll Free Phone1-877-255-3415
Hours: 8am - 5pm CST, Monday - Friday.


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Frost The Head And The Body Will Die
This is a zombie cake loyal Geekologie Reader Carol made for her boyfriend. It really made me hope that, somewhere out there, a woman is honing her baking skills and waiting to meet me. Of course, I'm not holding my breath. But I am holding my penis hopes up. Per Carol:
Apparently there isn't much of a market for face/limb based cakes so just purchasing molds was out. I ended up using about 5 layers of aluminum foil and shaped them in to a half assed face and hand.
Coat the molds with cooking spray and put them in to standard baking pans, it helps to re-enforce the mold with balled up foil underneath so it doesn't distort under the weight of the cake.Slap your cakey zombie bits on to a sheet or round cake and get creative...
I used a shit ton of green food coloring, lindor truffles for eyes, and white chocolate for the teeth/finger nails.
Good looking, Carol. Or should I say, "NHAAAR, BRAAAAAAINS"! Oh, I shouldn't? Okay. Well good looking, Carol. Or should I say, "good tasting"? No? "NOM NOM"? I'd hit that shit like a corpse!
Thanks to Carol, who actually came up with that whole frosting the head bit, I'm just a thief. You see this? Yeah, that's your heart.
I remember being super freaking excited about the release of Little Big Planet, but I ended up never buying it because I made my own Sack Boy out of a potpourri sachet and he's about as much fun and odoriferous as I can stand. Well Geekologie reader Kelli made her own Sack Boy... / Continue →
It's been a while since we've seen some scrumptious cakeologie here on Geekologie, but the wait is over! And as a man who's no stranger to eating computer components, I find this mother board cake utterly delicious looking. I mean, just look at those RAM wafers! You haven't l... / Continue →
Mădălina went and made her friend a Chewbacca cake for his birthday. As you can see, it looks like a stoned Harry from Harry and the Hendersons caught in the headlights of an oncoming truck. Nice. Chewbacca Cake [duhlicious] Thanks to Cap'n Jack, who, despite his name, i... / Continue →