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Holly Springs, a town of 8,000 people in northeast Mississippi, was once the antebellum capital of the mid-South. This county seat of Marshall County, not far from Memphis, was not only a railroad trading depot, but also an agricultural and industrial center in Mississippi. Trade was always part of this border town, a land ripe for the emergence of Jewish settlers.
While most records detail Jewish life after the Civil War, life in Holly Springs certainly felt the presence of earlier Jewish pioneers. Most of these Jews were immigrants, coming from places like Alsace to a land that reminded them of their former homes. Typically, these Jews came from either New York or New Orleans, peddling from farm to farm. With the advent of the railroad, Holly Springs became a passing trade route for merchants traveling between New Orleans and urban cities in the North. In the 1870s, "New York stores" opened, selling goods, particularly clothing, produced in New York. Other merchants passed by Holly Springs selling cotton or providing warehouses for raw materials, which then relocated to the manufacturing centers of the United States. While the railroad promoted trade in northeast Mississippi, it had also provided a worthy winter headquarters for the Union Army during the Civil War.
In the winter of 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant and his troops wintered in the bustling antebellum town of Holly Springs. In order to control the cotton trade in the area for use in the North, the United States Treasury Department mandated that all merchants in the Deep South sell their cotton at a price of 25 cents per pound. Merchants and farmers had to take an oath on this order and follow this government-created cotton monopoly system. While this rule was in place, many Union officers believed that Jewish traders were trying to make a profit through the practice of smuggling; the officers claimed that the Army had to act in order to maintain economic order within the region. On December 17, 1862, General Grant issued General Orders Number 11, a decree that expelled all Jews from Holly Springs and the rest of the military district under his control. This even applied to Jews who were not involved in the cotton trade. General Grant claimed that Jews were "a curse to the army."
This order angered Jews nationwide, and after intense lobbying from Jewish leaders, President Abraham Lincoln soon rescinded it. Despite this turmoil, Jewish life persisted in Holly Springs. In 1878, around fifty Jews lived in the Marshall County area. In 1858, I.C. Levy, a French immigrant, started his clothing store in Holly Springs, and his family remained successful for over three generations. Levy was also a member of the building committee for the local Masonic temple. While Charles Schneider sold dry goods in 1870, new families began to arrive in the area with names such as Shumacker, Behr, Meyer, Grosskin, Leibson, and Sessels. While most were French, some were Russian immigrants, representing the new wave of immigrants sweeping the United States.
Although Holly Springs once had a small vibrant Jewish community, the town was close to Memphis and was not large enough to have its own synagogue. As a result, most Jews attended High Holiday services and followed any other important religious practices in Memphis. Many members of the Holly Springs community remember Jews attending the First Presbyterian Church. According to these stories, these Jews were under no pressure to worship there, but the church's tolerant and wholesome nature attracted Jews to come on Sundays. This practice continued even as late as the 1970s when some of the last Jews left Holly Springs. Interestingly, most Jews were buried in Memphis, but the Kohner family of the 1960s specifically requested burial in the Presbyterian Hillcrest Cemetery.
The story of Jews attending First Presbyterian Church certainly reflected tolerance among the Holly Springs community as well as assimilation by Jews into southern society. In small places like Holly Springs, assimilation also led to interfaith marriages. In the 1920s, the South Reporter described an Oxford gentleman named Sam Friedman marrying a Christian woman and celebrating Easter with non-Jewish families. While wishing everyone a good Christmas or a happy Easter was commonplace among Jewish businessmen, celebrating Christian holidays was fairly rare for Jews. Nevertheless, these stories show how Jews felt accepted in their communities.
While religion represented an important dimension of life for the Jewish settlers of Holly Springs, business was central. In the early 1900s, Isidor Blumenthal's Lady's Clothing Store sold his quality goods at fair prices. Blumenthal's shop became known throughout Marshall County for its bargain fairs, which attracted people to his store. About the same time, the Shumacker brothers outfitted men with all types of clothing, and their success translated into other ventures. For example, one of the brothers became a director on the executive board of Merchants' & Farmers' Bank. Successful merchants typically entered this field of commerce, and this bank of Holly Springs always featured at least one Jewish member for many decades. In the 1920s, Mr. H. Myers ran his haberdashery called "The Style Shop," while Leo Leibson excelled in high quality shoes and shoe repair. While fewer Jewish businesses existed between 1930 and 1950 aside from the longstanding I. C. Levy Department Store and the shorter-lived Esler's store, Dr. J.W. Rothchild, an optometrist, used to advertise his Oxford, Mississippi, business in the Holly Springs newspaper. Although some came to see him, Dr. Rothchild for many years traveled to an outpost in Holly Springs on a weekly basis to assist with the eye needs of the community.
While Cotton had once been king in Holly Springs, this proclaimed capital of Northern Mississippi changed economically with the times. In 1936, the state legislature passed a law called "Balance Agriculture with Industry," which attempted to entice northern industries with lower taxes and labor costs. This effort was successful in Holly Springs. While industry as enabled prosperity to continue despite the decline of cotton between the 1940s and 1950s, the Jewish community was unable to grow as a result of these changes. Without cotton, Jewish merchants were not a necessity in Holly Springs anymore. Along with tighter immigration laws, deaths in the Jewish population decreased numbers to as low as twenty people by 1937. While death did decrease the Jewish population, Holly Springs was close enough to Memphis that most younger generations were attracted to the lucrative opportunities of Memphis and left Marshall County for good.
With the passing and the migration of the last two families, the Levys and the Kohners, the Jewish community of Holly Springs was extinct by the 1970s. Despite great prosperity today, many locals remember the great Jewish citizens that once resided in Holly Springs, members who contributed to multiple facets of society. In a place where southern culture is still very strong, some believe Holly Springs will rise again. As a possible future bedroom community for Memphis, maybe the Jewish community of Holly Springs will rise again as well.


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w/ MNT midfielder Claudio Reyna
Off-the-wall Questions and Answers, Queries and Anecdotes from U.S. Men's National Team midfielder Claudio Reyna.
May 22, 2003
Off-the-wall Questions and Answers, Queries and Anecdotes from U.S. Men's National Team midfielder Claudio Reyna.
"Captain America" sheds his shy demeanor and talks at length (in fact, he talked and talked and talked – more than we ever expected) with U.S. Soccer about a 2002 that was full of some of his highest highs, coupled with his lowest lows. But aside from recalling last summer's remarkable World Cup success and giving us insight on his current rehabilitation from an ACL injury that cut his 2002-03 EPL season with Sunderland far too short, the 29-year-old midfield general dispels rumors of his international retirement, looks back at 10 years playing in Europe, scouts the future of American soccer at the international level, and even makes a prediction about the 2003 Women's World Cup. Center Circle gives you the mother of all Claudio Reyna interviews. [Editor's Note: If printing the transcript of this rare sit-down, you may want to add toner to your printer. And at least seven pages of paper.]
Center Circle: You played in both of the USA's World Cup matches against Germany, the one from 1998 where a lot of people said that you got just plain beaten, and in the 2002 version where people said the exact opposite. Despite similar results, what was the difference between now and four years ago?
Claudio Reyna: "Just the manner in which we played, the difference in four years. Germany was an excellent team both times around, and this team went to the final. The way we really outplayed them for a majority of that game was incredible. It was great that we got to a stage where we really felt that we were going to make a run for this cup. That was the nicest feeling, that going into the quarterfinal game we really felt that we were going to win it. I think the best thing was the reaction after the game in the locker room. It wasn't like 'Well, we did well.' It was just pure anger and disappointment, almost like nobody could believe that we had lost. If you stop and take a step back, here we are disappointed that we lost to a world power. The German press was very complimentary with the way we played, which made it worse because we felt we deserved to win. Even Franz Beckenbauer said 'Germany got outplayed. We were lucky to go through.' I'm sure everyone on our team, everyone who's an American soccer fan, keeps thinking 'What if.' I still do to this day. That's the way it goes, and you learn from that. I think you can play poorly and win, you can play a great game and lose, and that's how soccer works sometimes, and that was a perfect example."
CC: Prior to the injury, 2002 was a dream year for you for both club and country. Tell us about it.
CR: "Yeah, it was a great year. I moved to the Premiership just before the 2002 season, which was always a dream for me. I never thought while growing up in New Jersey that I'd even get a chance to play in Europe, and here I am in my ninth season overseas. I got a move to Sunderland, we performed well in the World Cup, and everything was really going great. The injury happened, but up until then I'd have to say I was lucky. That injury could have happened before the World Cup. I felt for someone like Chris Armas, who did so much for the team, and he couldn't make it. It was definitely a great year for me, and a lot of fun. The coverage we got for the sport in our country, not only in America but globally, I think people finally stood up and said this sport – this team – is here, and here to stay. Now the challenging thing is moving on and proving year in and year out that our performance wasn't a fluke. We have the potential and the groundwork to become a consistent team in the World Cup."
CR: "I knew right away that I tore my ACL. I think in this little ACL Club that you join, people seem to say the same thing, that once it happens you know that it's something serious. It was a movement that I do, and that I've done a million times over my career, but for whatever reason, my ACL went this time. It happened all by myself, and it was pretty painful. I knew that I would be out for a while. I just didn't know how long. The first thing that went through my mind was hoping that it wasn't anything worse. I've seen so many of my friends and other players come back from an ACL, so it wasn't like I thought it would be a career-ending thing. Right away I thought 'OK, if it's this one, than it's my turn to deal with a long-term injury.' I've been pretty lucky over my career to have only had some minor injuries here and there. This is my first major injury, so it was a matter of how to quickly get over the disappointment and start with the rehab process, sorting everything out about surgeries and all that. I quickly spoke to [U.S. National Team Staff Doctor] Bert Mandelbaum, and he really put me at ease right when I spoke to him, telling me about the procedure and everything that was going to happen. I got calls from lots of family and friends, teammates, and other players who have had their ACL done. I had a lot of support quickly and it helped me."
CC: Why did you choose to conduct your rehabilitation in the United States?
CR: "For many reasons. I think the U.S. is probably the leading place in the world as far as rehab and physical therapy. Probably the most important thing was to get away and really get a clear mind. If I had gone to the training ground every day, mentally it would have been difficult, whereas here I could break it up with a couple of months in California and then go to Delaware. I got to see family and friends, and spend Christmas with my family for the first time in five or six years. Just to be back in my home was probably the number one reason. Because our season is nine or 10 months long, I don't get a lot of time to see a lot of people in the States and see places that I haven't been to in a long time. Sunderland was great with it. They allowed me to do what I wanted to do from the beginning, and I think it's been very important in my rehab that I've been able to get away and relax, and do it in my own little environment. Also, in England and Europe everybody knows soccer players, so you get the constant questions of 'When are you going to be back?' 'How you doing?' 'How's the knee?' Over here you can avoid that. You can kind of get away and be invisible, and do your work without people knowing who you are and having to be in the spotlight all the time."
CC: Where are you in the rehabilitation process at this point?
CR: "I've been training on the field for the last couple weeks. I've had limited contact, but really almost 100 percent. I'm getting that final confidence of being back on the field and trying to play like I was before without any worries of my knee. I'm happy to be a part of this camp, to get around the team and all the players that I haven't seen for a while. Of course, through the summer it's going to be kind of like a pre-season for me. Essentially the month or so leading up to my surgery was my off season and now I have to really put in some work this summer to make sure I'm ready for next season. I'm 29 years old, so I have a lot of great years ahead of me. Everyone's been telling me to make sure that I take my time and do it right, and I have been."
CC: For either club or country, what was the best team you've ever played on?
CR: "That would have to be Rangers team of 1999-2000. That year we just steam-rolled through the Scottish Premier League. We were in the Champions League, and the players on that team were incredible. We had Dutch internationals, we had Scottish internationals – some of the best players overall as a collective team. The likes of Arthur Newman and Giovanni van Brockhurst, Jorge Albertz, Lorenzo Amoruso from Italy, Michael Mols from Holland, Ronald de Boer, guys that are just fantastic players … Barry Ferguson, who is a great, great player from Scotland. On top of it, I had a great coach in Dick Advocaat. That team easily ranks as number one as the best team that I've ever played with. I learned so much from that year, more than any other year in my life."
CR: "Yeah, I think so. I spoke to Bruce about it and a lot was made out of statements in the press. Initially, the main reason – and the only reason – that I wouldn't want to keep playing so much is for my family. I do a lot of traveling and the older my kids get, they know that I'm away more, and it gets difficult. I think you can ask any of the guys who play in Europe, and they'll tell you the travel back and forth is difficult on the body. At times you don't feel like you're at 100 percent, that you're letting either your national team down or your club team down. It's hard to make a 100 percent commitment to both. So my reason at first for saying that was just that. I think I was caught at a moment where I was so tired and physically drained from traveling that I really was thinking. I talked with my family, in particular my wife, who is the most important person. She asked me 'Why would you not want to do it?' It really had nothing to do with the success of the World Cup either. I think it would be silly to say 'Oh, just because we had a good World Cup, I'll stay on.' It's a four-year commitment that I think people don't realize. It's just not something you can hop on and off whenever you want. I feel good, especially now after this injury. I'm really ready to go again and get this team back to the World Cup. It's an exciting team to be a part of I think now. Soccer is growing and it's nice to put on that jersey. I think especially after Sept. 11, you have an extra pride to represent your country, and having that and still being at the prime of my career I think I'd be letting myself down more than anyone else, if I didn't play for the U.S. team. So, I want to get back there, and I think I can help. Until there's someone who is better than me in that position, and I honestly will know when there is someone better than me, then I don't think I'll step down. I think I want to play now until my legs give up or when someone probably tells me. I think I'll know myself when it's time to move aside and let someone else play. I'm excited about putting that shirt on again and I miss that. I've watched the games recently, and I've missed being a part of that."
CC: You've had an amazing U.S. MNT career, dating back to before the 1994 World Cup. In '94, the U.S. surprised people by getting to the second round, but a lot of people said it wasn't great football. And Brad Friedel said that the talent level might have been better in 1998 than in 2002. But you get to this World Cup, and there isn't a whole lot of hope except for the people around traveling with the team a lot or the team, and you get to the quarterfinals. How amazing was that culmination for you?
CR: "It was the highlight of my career without a doubt, probably from the Jamaican game (a 2-1 win in Foxboro on Oct. 7, 2001) on. That was probably a month after Sept. 11 and we qualified for the World Cup. So much weight I think was off everyone's shoulders, and then just to lead up to the World Cup, I think the whole experience there was something that I think none of us will forget; not only the things that happened on the field, but also the bonding of the team off the field. The first game against Portugal, even though I didn't play, was incredible. We were all jumping up and down. I think the nicest thing about the whole experience was how when we scored everyone celebrated. When we won everyone ran on the field. In the locker room everyone was behind each other. That was probably the nicest thing to see about it. In 1998 it was the complete opposite. You didn't see it, but the guys that weren't playing were upset, shoulders were slouched, could care less, and the whole mix of that was terrible. Not blaming players in particular, but I think leading up to the World Cup there were so many different things that caused that in 1998, and it didn't happen this time. I think in the locker room you could see that everyone was so happy for the team's success, and that's the nicest thing about it. You could see that in other teams as well. I like doing that when a team scores. They run to the bench and everyone's celebrating, and that's what it's all about really. Making sure that everyone's there, not for personal gain and glory, but for the team accomplishment. I agree with what many players have said, that the 1998 team was probably more talented. But as a team it didn't even come close to this 2002 team, and Bruce gets a lot of credit for that. A lot of the veteran players, the players who had been around for France '98, made sure from the minute that the France World Cup was over that that situation would never happen again. Even if we didn't make it out of our group, even if we didn't win a game, we were going to do it right, and we did. I think the nicest thing is that we left the World Cup winners even though we lost. That's the nicest thing. I think ourselves, Ireland, teams like Turkey, and of course Brazil, walked away winners. I think at the end a lot of teams did, and we were one of them. You could see the way we came home with a hero's welcome, what we did for the sport, that was the nicest thing about it. It wasn't just the results on the field and beating Mexico, beating Portugal, and getting a tie against the host nation. It was just the whole collective experience, and just doing it right."
CC: After the team's performance in Korea, people have begun to say that the U.S. is 10 or 20 years away from winning a World Cup. Do you think that's a realistic timetable?
CR: "I wouldn't want sit here and start talking nonsense like 'We're going to win a World Cup soon.' You just have to take a step back and look at the great soccer nations that have never won one. The likes of Spain, the likes of Holland, and countries like England who have fantastic players and teams who haven't won one in 40 years. It's just too difficult to think that we're going to just stroll through and win the tournament. I think it's getting more difficult, especially with 32 teams qualifying for the World Cup. I would say let's shoot for making a semi-final, and I think you can see from this World Cup that once you get to the knockout stages you need that element of luck. I think Brazil had it, and I think Germany had it as well. If we can combine a little bit of luck with the players we're developing, I think a semi-final should be our goal within the next two or three World Cups. There are too many great soccer nations to think that we can just win a World Cup. I think we all want to dream. Once we made it to the final eight, I was one of eight captains dreaming of holding that trophy."
CC: It must be a little difficult for you to follow everything that's happening with the youth development in U.S. Soccer, but what you have you seen about the next generation of American players?
CR: "I'm aware of it. I think the players now with the development of youth programs are better off than I was, or the guys even before me were, because U.S. Soccer has taken major steps in making sure the youth levels are identified and that players are taught the game at an earlier age. We have some good players from what I hear coming through, but we've always had great players coming through. I played in the Under-17 World Cup and some of the players on my team were also hailed as the next coming of Diego Maradona, and don't even play professional soccer now. In some ways you can see that there are better players coming through, but you still need to let these kids grow. They have to learn a lot, and making that jump to playing against men is a huge jump. I think even if you asked Landon (Donovan) and DaMarcus (Beasley) they'd say that when they made that jump from the youth level to playing against men and experienced guys on a daily basis was a big, big difference. The good thing is that we now have a league that players can jump into and play year round, which we didn't have when I was younger. There seems to be real legitimate talent coming through MLS, and that's great for the sport."
CC: You said you've already played 10 years with the National Team, which is amazing, and you've still got good years ahead of you. What do you want your legacy to be with the U.S. Men's National Team?
CC: What's your favorite non-World Cup moment of your U.S. career?
CR: "It would probably have to be the days we qualified for both World Cups. For the 1998 World Cup, it was the match in Vancouver when we played Canada. I scored a goal and we won 3-0. Number one would have to be beating Jamaica in October of 2001 and finding out right after the game ended that we qualified when the other results went our way. It was all the more special because it was just a month after Sept. 11. I really don't like to talk about Sept. 11 that much, because everyone knows it was such a sour moment in our country, but it was the first time I think a U.S. team represented our country in a sport and it got a lot of attention. To be able to not only win, but to also qualify that day, was special. It was all the more sweet because I was the captain. There's something special about being the captain of a team. At first when I was given the captain's band I was like, 'Whatever,' but as games went on and as I grew into that role, I really appreciated that it was an important role. I really enjoyed that part of it as well, being the captain that day."
CC: We've spoken a lot about the U.S. men's team, but you have some ties with the women's team as well. How do you expect them to do in this year's Women's World Cup?
CR: "I expect them to win it. I think they expect to win it. I guess if you compare them to the men's side, they are probably like Brazil. They are probably the favorite or Germany, whoever you want to say. They're one of the teams going to the tournament that everyone's talking about winning. Like our men's team, they have a lot of good young women coming through, and even younger girls coming through. I've heard of this girl from New Jersey who I think is 18, Heather O'Reilly, and everyone's talking about her being the next Mia Hamm. It's great, I think that the women's team…I think some people may not believe, but they're going to be only better than what they were before, and some of the older veterans would say that. The young girls coming through now had them to look at and idolize, and are only going to be better. They have a league now to play in, and I would think that anything else than winning it would be considered a disappointment for them coming off the great World Cup in America in 1999 when they beat China. There are some other great nations who have developed as well and are really good. The women's game has advanced as well in the last few years. I think it's probably going to be between them and China. It would be great to have a rematch."
CC: When you started your professional career, there were a few players from the United States playing in Europe, but having little impact. Today, there are Americans all over Europe, some making major contributions in the top leagues. Are you surprised at the progress the U.S. players have made?
CR: "No, I'm not surprised. I've seen a lot of guys first hand with the national team who I think could play in Europe. But many guys had to go through some baby steps. I know I did. I spent a year just learning the professional way in Europe. Kasey Keller started in a lower division in England. Brad Friedel had his moments where he didn't play. But I think if you look at the guys that are still there, be it the likes of Gregg Berhalter, Tony Sanneh or Jovan Kirovski, they demonstrate that you have to persevere. It's not easy, even for the best players that come from other countries. There are guys who get bought for $10-15 million from Argentina and Brazil, and they struggle in Europe because it takes a few years to get used to the pace and the physical side of the game. Our guys stuck it out, wanted to prove that they could play in Europe, and now we have a lot of players sprinkled throughout Europe. I think now because of the success of the U.S. team and players doing well, it's opening the doors. I think doors have been opened already, but probably just more doors in different countries. It's great for the future, and I think a lot of players now can see that. Growing up for me, there was no American playing over there when I was 10, 11, 12 or 13. Now all these kids growing up see my name and Brad's name, and Kasey's name attached to clubs in England, and guys in Germany with Tony Sanneh and Gregg, and guys at Ajax like John O'Brien. These kids feel that they can do it as well, and it's great. I think for the future there's going to be more and more players over there. I know MLS is trying to grow, and it's important for the league here to develop players, but I think in the end if players can get over to Europe they should, because it's going to help them progress quicker."
CC: Are U.S. players now treated with more respect throughout the world after the last year?
CR: "Yeah, without a doubt. I think it's no longer a joke. People don't make fun of us anymore. We've had to deal with that in prior years, but this World Cup changed that. We've gotten results in friendlies against every team you could name – all the top teams like Argentina, Germany, Brazil – but those were primarily in friendlies. Until we did something at the World Cup, nobody was really going to take us seriously, and we did it. We finally did it. I think people realized that it wasn't just a few good players, we had a lot of good players, and I think that's what is nice about it as well. So many guys did well, so many guys stood out, and that has to do with the team going over there and having a good attitude."
CC: You said you watched a couple of the games since you've been back in the States. Who are you excited to play with?
CR: "A lot of the younger guys, even though I think they need to get as much experience as possible. I think that there is a good group of young players coming through. I think Tim Howard's done well. He's probably the guy who's going to solidify himself as the number three goalie. Unfortunately for him, he's competing with two of the best, but he's a great kid and he's a great goalie for the future of U.S. Soccer. There are players like Bobby Convey, who I think did well in the few games that I saw. Carlos Bocanegra as well looks as if he's going to slide into the team, and has adjusted really well to the jump to the next level. Also, there's a lot of so-called veterans who are going to want to come back and prove that they still have something to offer. The next cycle is going to be interesting, I think that's nice that we have competition now all through the field at different positions. There are a lot of players who feel they have a chance to play, and that's nice. It's a good problem for Bruce to have. I think many coaches in the past didn't have this problem that so many players are available for him to pick."
CR: "They both surprised me with how well they did, especially DaMarcus. I think Landon had a jump start with the National Team and was around the group and knew everyone. DaMarcus pretty much made the team right before the World Cup, and probably during the first week of training camp was very shocked and surprised and in awe of being there. It looked like he wouldn't even play a part in the World Cup, but in a matter of days and weeks just before the World Cup you saw the strides he made. It was incredible, and I think you saw it in the games leading up to the World Cup that both him and Landon were out to prove that they weren't just there to go along for the ride. They wanted to play. They do have that young attitude that 'We're here. We can play,' and it's difficult at a young age to just jump into a team with men essentially that have been with the team for a long time, and take their starting spots, and that's what they wanted to do. Then they went out against Portugal, and they both played great games; they weren't awed by the situation. You saw them very confident, but in a quiet way in the locker room. Leading up to the game, they weren't blown away by the magnitude of this game or who they were playing. To them it was just another game. That's the approach they had, and I think neither of them had any doubts that they were going to do well, and they proved it."
CC: What is it that makes Bruce Arena such a great manager?
CR: "He makes sure that the team is most important. He'll be the first to praise players, and he'll also criticize players. I think that he knows the right buttons to push with each individual. It's fun to play for Bruce. He can turn around and say something that is so funny and have the whole team laughing, and then he knows when to get serious and raise his voice, and put his foot down. That's a good mix. He knows from experience when to do that. Everything he does is for the benefit of the team, and I think that's probably his best trait as a coach. The atmosphere when you come into camp is great. We work hard, yet we're relaxed off the field. There's no tension. There aren't too many meetings. But yet we're still organized, and he's very business-like with his organization, making sure that everything runs smoothly. Not just on the field in training, but our traveling and making sure that we're run like a professional team. He does a great job of that, and I think people don't see a lot of that side of him. As a player, and especially for me being around the national team for 10 years now, the way the organization is run now is tremendous. A lot of the credit goes to U.S. Soccer. They did a great job of making sure that we got everything we needed leading up to the World Cup. "
CR: "That turned out to be a pretty cool moment. I didn't plan it that way. I just went over to the stands and somebody threw me a flag. I picked it up and did some things, and it just turned out to be great. I'm glad that we were able to show how proud a group of guys we were to represent our country. It was a great feeling to find out that we made our nation proud. I mean there were people who knew nothing about soccer who were coming up to us after we got back in New York City and hugging us, giving us high-fives. We were kind of blown away by it all, and surprised by the excitement that we stirred up halfway around the world. So many people were telling us 'You can't believe this, but people are getting up at four in the morning to watch you play.' Of all the World Cups, we thought this would be the last one that would create any excitement in our country, and it turned out to be incredible, with guys on the cover of Sports Illustrated. Soccer, for whatever reason, kind of sits on the other side of the fence with American sports. We've got our four major sports, but for a month or five weeks or so we were the biggest news in the country. We were at the top of 'SportsCenter,' things like that. Unfortunately we weren't able to see any of it. That was probably the best thing that ever happened, that we made a country proud especially in the moment, and the circumstances that we're living through nowadays in our country with everything going on. That was the coolest thing."
CC: In your heart, what were the moments that made the 2002 World Cup so special for Claudio Reyna?
CR: "I think for me personally it was probably every time I walked out of the tunnel wearing the captain's armband and leading our team onto the field. The feeling of being the captain of the U.S. team was incredible. I could cry now just thinking about it."
Table of Contents
1) At the Movies (w/ WNT midfielder Aly Wagner)
2) In Threes (w/ Under-23 MNT midfielder Logan Pause)
3) Queries and Anecdotes (w/ MNT midfielder Claudio Reyna)
4) Mark That Calendar (MNT vs. Wales – May 26 / MNT vs. N.Z. – June 8)
5) FAN Point/Counterpoint (Who will be the 2003 MLS Rookie of the Year?)
6) "You Don't Know Jack (Marshall)" (WUSA Firsts)
Download this issue of Center Circle (.pdf).
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Location: Business Administration Building, Room 108
Campus Map
Ariana Billingsley is a native of Albania. In 2000, she graduated with a Bachelors degree in Business Management from the University of Shkodra. In addition to her extensive work history she currently works as a controller for EJW, a small government contracting company based out of North Carolina. Ariana started the MBA in summer 2010 and plans to finish by spring of 2012. | |
Megan Goss currently resides in Laurinburg, NC. She graduated from Pennsylvania State University of Altoona with a Bachelor's degree in Business Marketing and Management. She works forty hours a week at State Farm Insurance in Laurinburg, NC in addition attending classes full time in the evening. She started the MBA program at UNCP in the Spring of 2010 and plans on graduating in the Spring of 2011. | |
Yun (Louise) Liao is from China. She did her undergrad in International Business English in China. She worked for a Chinese university for four years before coming to the UNCP MBA program. Currently she works as a Graduate Assistant in the International Programs Office at UNCP. She is expecting to graduate in May 2011. | |
Marlon McPhatter is currently working full time in UNCP Housing and Resident Life as a Resident Administrator. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Business from Georgetown University. During his time here at UNCP he has worked on four papers with UNCP Professors for submissions to various journals and conferences, and also taught the GMAT prep course as a graduate assistant for the UNCP Business School. He plans to graduate from the MBA program in May 2011. | |
To contact these students with questions regarding the MBA Program, send an email to email@example.com.
Updated: Monday, December 20, 2010
© The University of North Carolina at Pembroke
PO Box 1510 Pembroke, NC 28372-1510 • 910.521.6000


text:
Designing Your Own Course: Part I
No registrations accepted. The date of this event has passed.
Open only to: Faculty and Teaching Academic Staff
Date: Friday, March 29, 2013 Time: 10:00 AM - 2:30 PM Location: Union 340
For more information or to request special accommodations, contact: Connie Schroeder, 229-5764 .
Log in to the Authorized User tools.


text:
cerebrum (ˈsɛrɪbrəm) | |
—n , pl -brums, -bra | |
1. | See telencephalon the anterior portion of the brain of vertebrates, consisting of two lateral hemispheres joined by a thick band of fibres: the dominant part of the brain in man, associated with intellectual function, emotion, and personality |
2. | the brain considered as a whole |
3. | the main neural bundle or ganglion of certain invertebrates |
[C17: from Latin: the brain] | |
'cerebroid | |
—adj | |
cerebric | |
—adj |
cerebrum cer·e·brum (sěr'ə-brəm, sə-rē'-)
n. pl. cer·e·brums or cer·e·bra (-brə)
The largest portion of the brain, including practically all the parts within the skull except the medulla, pons, and cerebellum and now usually referring only to the parts derived from the telencephalon and including mainly the cerebral hemispheres that are joined at the bottom by the corpus callosum. It controls and integrates motor, sensory, and higher mental functions, such as thought, reason, emotion, and memory.
cerebrum (sěr'ə-brəm, sə-rē'brəm) Pronunciation Key
Plural cerebrums or cerebra The largest part of the vertebrate brain, filling most of the skull and consisting of two cerebral hemispheres divided by a deep groove and joined by the corpus callosum, a transverse band of nerve fibers. The cerebrum processes complex sensory information and controls voluntary muscle activity. In humans it is the center of thought, learning, memory, language, and emotion. |
The largest part of the brain, consisting of two lobes, the right and left cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls thought and voluntary movement. (See cerebral cortex, left brain, and right brain.)


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Palm Sunday, Palmsonntag, the Sunday before Easter, is a time for many young people to take their first communion, and combined with this it is often a scene of church parades in towns and villages, symbolizing the journey made by Jesus riding a donkey along palm branch covered roads to Jerusalem. A poignant sight.
Processions led by priests and choirs, young and old, fit pushing the infirm in wheelchairs, families, children in baby carriages and pushchairs, and babes in arms, singing and carrying Palmbuschen, decorated pussy-willow bouquets in lieu of the difficult to find palms, to be blessed during the morning church service. The blessing was believed to give Palm Bouquets protective qualities and, as well as being a sign of protection for the home and family until Ash Wednesday of the following year, they are used to begin the Easter decorations in the home.
The following Thursday is Maundy Thursday, Gruendonnerstag Green Thursday, celebrated since the 13th century and originally with no connection to green but stemming from an old German word, greinen to groan, mourn or weep, as it commemorated the Last Supper and the betrayal by Judas. However over time this association was lost, and replaced by 'green' as the color of hope and a symbol for the awaking of nature after the winter.
Homes are cleaned and decorated with green branches or ornaments, while green food, green vegetables: spinach, beans, leeks with chives and other herbs, make up the meals of the day. Popular ones are Gruene Bohnensuppe, Green Bean Soup, and Sieben Kraeuter Suppe, Seven Herb Soup, because of a custom based on an old superstition that green foods eaten on Gruendonnerstag give protection for the rest of the year.
Good Friday, Karfreitag from kara meaning 'care' so 'Caring Friday'. The week after Palm Sunday used to be known as 'Karwoche', Caring Week, with Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday dedicated to an account from the bible, but now only the Friday is marked by a special liturgy, as a day of remembrance for the crucifixion, with church services and religious processions. Including the Kreuzwegandacht, a walk in prayer along the 15 Stations of the Cross, which is usually held at 3 p.m. when it is said Jesus died on the cross.
No church bells are rung and children are told they have flown to Rome to be blessed, while in France and Belgium this story goes further so young children believe it is the church bells, Easter bells, that drop their Easter goodies wherever while they are flying back from Rome.
Usually fish is eaten on 'Good Friday', anything from herring salad or fish soup to an extravagant fish terrine, and in many areas the bakers mark the crust of the day's bread with a cross.
Although its four sections could also have represented the quarters of the moon honoring the pre-Christian 'Eostre', the goddess of spring, which later become 'Easter' and a religious festival controlled by the lunar calendar.
Easter Bonfires, 'Osterfeuer', a custom which takes place on Saturday, or in some regions on Easter Sunday or Monday, are based on a Christian belief that fire is a sign of the resurrection of Christ. However the tradition dates back to at least the 16th century, again probably to pre-Christian days, and the families, friends and neighbors who gather around bonfires, which are made mainly from old Christmas trees, are not all Christians but there to have 'fun', the tradition and the light and warmth of fire symbolizing the end of winter and arrival of spring.
Huge flaming wood and straw wheels, 'Osterraeder', are an alternative way of marking Easter and winter's end in parts of North Rhine Westphalian, just as they were used to represent the sun 2,000 years ago. It is a spectacular sight as they roll down hills leaving behind hundreds of meters of burning tracks, and if the wheel makes it to the bottom of the hill that is a sign the next harvest will be successful.
Ostersonntag, Easter Sunday, is a day of celebration for the triumph of life over death, when the Easter rabbit or hare brings colored and chocolate eggs, hiding them or leaving them in nests already prepared by children.
This odd combination of rabbit, eggs and a Christian Festival began in the Middle Ages, when rents due from tenant farmers must be paid on the Thursday before Easter and, as they had not been eaten during Lent, Medieval landlords were paid in eggs which had been cooked to preserve them, as well as with hares caught on their property.
Nevertheless it was not until the mid 20th century that the rabbit as 'egg bringer' finally won out over the foxes, storks and cranes that up until then had shared the tradition.
And with all those cooked eggs around Frankfurter Gruene Sosse mit Eiern, Eggs with Frankfurter Green Sauce, using herbs left from Green Thursday, is often added to the Easter Sunday end of Lent meal.
Ostermontag, Easter Monday in Germany, is the final day of the Easter celebrations and a public holiday. A family day when often the entire extended family meets for lunch, which once was lamb but this tradition is no longer as strong as it was, followed by egg rolling competitions or visits to the countryside and sports events or festivals.
Many towns hold special festivals and processions and one of these is Traunstein in Bavaria, where Joseph Ratzinger, the former Pope Benedikt XVI, lived when young. There the famous St. George Parade, a horse mounted pilgrimage in traditional dress, accompanied by brass bands, with the riders in armor and maidens in medieval costumes, takes place. The climax of the parade is a blessing made upon a gathering of almost 500 horses from the neighborhood, of various shapes, sizes, ages and types, none of whom are outshone by St. George's pure white steed.
It is the last day of Easter celebrations, but not the end of Eastertide which is Whitsun, Pfingsten, and in Germany many of the trees, branches, wells and fountains decorated with colored eggs, together with greenery remaining from Palm Sunday, stay in place for fifty days until the end of the celebrations for Pfingsten and Pfingstenmontag.
Frohe Ostern! - Happy Easter
Illustrations: The Stations of the Cross, 9th Station Jesus helped by Simon of Cyrene, photographer Unterillertaler, de.Wikipedia - Easter Bonfire, with painted Easter eggs hanging from branch, photographer Reinhard Kraasch, de.Wikipedia - Horses leaving the ancient Ettendorfer Kircherl, Traunstein, on Easter Monday, ChiemgauOnline
For topics in the news And you can follow German Culture on Facebook


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By Stephen Lendman Global Research December 5, 2008 www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=11296 December 1 brought more disappointment but no surprises. Obama's national security appointees (like all his earlier...
Chicago-area woman alleges illegal strip-search by arresting officers
Cops Force Woman to Erase Video of Husband's Arrest Before They Charged Him With Felony
Help me publish my book, take my case to the Supreme Court, and get my son back.
Senate Bill S510 Makes it illegal to Grow, Share, Trade or Sell Homegrown Food
Drunk, off-duty deputy attempts to arrest soldier at bar, caught on video
Sanford police to use cameras, letters to fight prostitution
Woman Called 911 for an Ambulance, Cops Came and Shot Her Fiancee Instead
Ohio appeals court again sides with hospital seeking to send Amish girl back to chemotherapy
Copyright © 2013 Foundation Media.


text:
Ruzzle can arrange games with friends or random opponents. Also, there is a Practice mode that is great for killing time, but it is available only to Premium users.
Read the full review of Ruzzle for Android
January 17, 2013 5:06 PM PST
| Caption by: Jaymar Cabebe
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Find a Job
We have technical and engineering jobs throughout the world and across multiple disciplines. Search our current vacancies to find your next role - whatever your technical or engineering expertise.
Job Results
- Location:
- Asia: China
- Type:
- Permanent
- Posted:
- 11 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 23421
Basic Information
Role / Job title: Human Resources Business Partner
Department / Team: Human Resources
Work Location: Shanghai
Role Impact Statement
Deliver full spectrum of HR Business Partner support to designated internal customers to ensure Human Resources program and policies are well implemented in the responsible area; Provide support and add value to HR team in HR program development and contribute to assigned projects.
Key Result Areas & Accountabilities
- Act as account manager to provide consultation and advice to line managers on HR related issues, e.g. organization design, strategy staffing, performance management, etc
- Assist in the execution and implementation of corporate HR strategies and initiatives.
- Manage staff resourcing needs through internal mobility, external recruitment and talent acquisition.
- Talent Management and Retention.
- Monitor and facilitate the performance review and talent review process in client group.
- Support the HR Centre of Excellence group in rolling out key HR initiatives in relation to compensation and benefits, staffing, OD & learning and talent management; ensure high quality and disciplined implementation of HR programs;
- Lead or participate in critical HR and change management projects as determined by business needs
- University degree.
- A minimum of 10 years of HR experience with at least 5 years HRBP experience in multinational organization. Experience within a dynamic and fast changing corporate environment will be desirable.
- Excellent interpersonal and communication skills.
- Good customer orientation and result orientation
- Can work effectively in a team-based & performance-oriented culture
- Strong ability to juggle multiple tasks
- Fluent written and spoken English and Chinese.
Lead Project Flow Assurance Engineer
- Location:
- United States: Texas
- Type:
- Permanent
- Posted:
- 10 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 24094
Lead Project Flow Assurance Engineer
Houston, TX
NES Global Talent is seeking a high performing individual to serve as a Lead Project Flow Assurance Engineer, on a direct hire basis, to support major upstream subsea projects in excess of $500MM. Established in 2000, this engineering consultancy supports its business partners across all phases of the project life cycle for onshore and offshore field developments - from concept studies to operational support. An increase in Capital Projects has resulted.
· Interface with client for all issues of flow assurance
· Supervise flow assurance engineers assigned to the Lead's projects
· Perform flow assurance analysis as required
· Manage, contribute and check reports
· Minimum of 10 years in flow assurance;
· Working familiarity with Pipesim, PVTsim and Olga
· Experienced with field operations affecting flow assurance including cool-down times, insulation systems, cold starts, shutdown procedures and chemical injection
· Excellent communication and reporting skills, ability to interface with clients
· BS in relevant field, advanced degree preferred
This is an excellent opportunity to become part of one of the world's leading subsea engineering firms who are driving forward increasingly specialised and innovative solutions. The successful applicant will receive generous compensation, competitive medical benefits, and work/ life balance along with the opportunity to work on exciting , high value projects.
For further information regarding this role or to discuss other opportunities contact Mishu Ullah.
Senior Mechanical Engineer - Building Services - Contract or Staff basis - Manchester
- Location:
- United Kingdom: Greater Manchester
- Type:
- Permanent
- Posted:
- 10 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 24090
Senior Mechanical Building Services Engineer - Staff basis - Manchester - £negotiable
Our client based in Manchester is currently recruiting for a Senior Mechanical Building Services Engineer to work on a staff basis. They are a Specialist M&E consultancy with eight offices throughout the UK and continued growth expected. Some of the current exciting projects you would be involved in include leisure, commercial and healthcare.
They may consider a contract person in the short term whilst they find the right candidate on a permanent basis.
Feasibility and viability assessments.
Responsible for managing your resources within the agreed internal project costs. Prepare conceptual and detailed design to client specifications.
Leading a small team and mentoring junior staff.
Person specification:
You will ideally hold a relevant degree qualification
Previous work experience in Building Services design.
You will be an excellent communicator and have good IT skills.
You will be involved in a range of projects and be responsible for design from inception to completion.
You will have lead the mechanical / electrical design on several small projects (up to £10M) or lead the mechanical / electrical design on one medium sized project (up to £50M) or support the mechanical / electrical design on one large project (£50M+).
Competitive salary available plus car / car allowance, Non-contributory pension scheme, life assurance, private healthcare, payment of professional fees, 36 days holiday, flexitime and a range of retail and leisure benefits
Senior Technical Safety Engineer
- Location:
- United Kingdom: Cleveland
- Type:
- Permanent
- Posted:
- 10 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 24079
Our client is a leading chemical manufacturer based in the North East, due to continued growth they are looking for a degree qualified chemical engineer, for the role of Technical Safety Engineer on a permanent basis, job requirements are detailed below.
- Provide technical safety consultancy and support
- Apply safety and risk assessment tools, and consequence analysis tools.
- Prepare and review safety case documentation.
- Degree in Chemical Engineering.
- Experience in a design/operations environment with significant expertise in a technical safety role related to high hazard processes.
- Proven leadership skills including delivery of:
- Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) reviews
- Major accident hazard assessments
- Complex risk analyses
- LOPA and SIL assessments
- Fire, explosion, and gas dispersion modelling and analysis
- Experience in relief design.
- High concern for standards.
- Ability to work independently and as part of a team.
- Excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
- A desire to continue your career in technical safety roles.
- Experience in fire protection engineering is desirable, but not essential.
- Location:
- United Kingdom: Aberdeenshire
- Type:
- Contract
- Posted:
- 10 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 24081
Urgent requirement for an Operator in Aberdeen for a Senior Planning Engineer
All applicants must be eligible to work in the UK
Please state rate expectations and availability when applying for this role.
Competencies : - Senior Planning Engineer required with at least 10 years of experience in topside brownfield resource based planning. Must be a skilled Primavera P6 practioner and have detailed knowledge of jobcard databases. The job will require the creation and updating of detailed construction plans and associated progress reports and S curves.
The candidate will be part of a team that handles multiple projects and must be adaptable with a proven track record in projects and comfortable in a team environment.
Sr Mechanical Construction Engineer (Static)
- Location:
- Middle East: Qatar
- Type:
- Permanent
- Posted:
- 10 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 24080
A Great Permanent Job Opportunity for a Senior Mechanical Construction Engineer (Static) has just been made available with a leading EPCM in Qatar!
The ideal candidate will demonstrate broad experience in Oil & Gas Brownfield Plant Longevity Projects, Design Engineering Companies preferably with EPCm contractors with at least 11 years of relevant experience in the Oil and Gas industry . Middle East experience on similar projects would be an advantage(eg. brownfield oil and gas plant work, refinery, petrochem) . Demonstrated success in past project involvement and technical delivery of numerous small to medium size projects with Proven ability to influence and mentor others in safety principles and behaviours. Excellent communication skills (both written & verbal) with ability to interact across multiple disciplines.
Interested? Apply now and enjoy a TAX FREE SALARY with great Benefits!
- Location:
- United Kingdom: Greater London
- Type:
- Contract
- Posted:
- 10 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 22874
Our client requires a Lead Technical Safety Engineer to join their expanding team
Roles & Responsibilities
- Manage, review and undertake flow assurance analysis
- Manage direct client and contractor interfaces regarding flow assurance
- Manage and maintain interface with key project disciplines including the Process team
- Check and approve calculations and reports in support of field development
- Lead the development of flow assurance design and related operating philosophies / guidelines.
- Define multiphase transportation network to mitigate flow assurance risks such as slug control, prevention of solid particles (hydrate, wax, asphaltene, etc).
- Lead study work for potential design enhancements to existing projects
- Manage project deliverables in accordance with project schedules and budgets.
- Maintenance of project documentation and deliverables compliant with client, company and international standards.
- Technical review and approval of proposed design changes.
Supervise flow assurance engineering team(s) and delegate work tasks
Experience Required
- A degree qualified flow assurance engineer with significant oil and gas experience
- Experience of managing a team of engineers on medium to long-term projects with direct client interface
- Familiarity with key flow assurance issues related to subsea developments and offshore design, such as, wax management, hydrate management, line sizing, steady-state and transient thermal hydraulic analysis, etc
- Experience with and knowledge of key flow assurance tools and software, including Olga, Pipesim, PVTsim, etc.
- Fluency in both written and spoken English.
- Location:
- United Kingdom: Greater London
- Type:
- Permanent
- Posted:
- 10 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 20246
Our client is a large Oil and Gas company based in the South East of England. They require a Chief Process Engineer to join their growing team.
Responsible for activities within the Process Engineering discipline of the OG&C global business unit. This involves exploration of subject area, definition of scope and selection of problems for investigation, including the development of novel concepts and approaches when required. Responsible for acting independently on technical matters.
Essential Job Duties:
1. Provides functional oversight of the Process group for the OG&C business unit both on and off project.
2. Responsible for the establishment and maintenance of technical standards within the discipline. Manages engineering activities for the Process Engineering discipline within the London office establishing and maintaining the technical standards.
3. Maintains continuous contact with work in progress by reviewing or approving, design basis, key drawings or design concepts developed by the Process group on project.
4. Audits Process activities on project, ensuring compliance with a project's Execution Plan, Project Procedures Manual, and with Engineering Department Procedures (EDPs). Reviews and approves project Design Control Check List (DCCL) and Design Review Notices (DRNs).
5. Provides technical/expert support to project teams and ensures technical quality.6. Establishes the discipline training needs, obtains budgeting approval and directs the development of personnel training programs.
7. Conducts annual performance reviews for direct reports and manages, reviews, and approves performance reviews prepared by supervisors. Holds career development discussions.8. Inputs to and owns the engineering elements of a project capital estimate (proposals and execution) quantities and budgets for the Process discipline.
9. Reviews project staffing requirements and assigns qualified technical personnel from within the discipline.
10. Directs the development of and approves design guides, standard specifications, work processes.
11. Monitors staff planning and personnel administration.
12. Reviews unusual or complex design problems, provides guidance for their solution either personally, by subordinate staff or by outside consultants.
Key Skills:
Technology awareness- Advanced / Expert knowledge in Gas processing, refining or petrochemicalsKnowledge of process configuration and optimization studiesPreparation of design basis and philosophy documents (safeguarding, shutdown, relief & blowdown, isolation & maintenance)Process modelling and simulationPreparation of PFDs and heat and mass balancesSizing and specification of major process equipmentRelief system design, including PSV sizing, flare hydraulics and radiation analysisAdvanced knowledge and application of API standardsAbility to manage progress and schedule reporting and adapt to changing circumstancesDegree Qualified Chartered Engineer, enjoying progressive responsibilities and demonstrated excellent performance.
- Location:
- United Kingdom: Greater London
- Type:
- Contract
- Posted:
- 10 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 21676
An experienced Flow Assurance / Process Engineer with subsea pipeline experience, performing process flow analysis, using software such as Pipesim & Olga. The right candidate, through flow assurance simulation, will define pipeline size (diameter, wall thickness, required insulation thickness, etc.). Define the process scheme (onshore transport system and topside (i.e. number of units, sparing philosophy, power, utilities sizing, etc.)) As a minimum we require the candidate to be familiar with transient conditions affecting subsea pipelines including start up, shutdown, blowdown and slugging.
- Location:
- United Kingdom: Greater London
- Type:
- Contract
- Posted:
- 10 Mar 2014
- Reference:
- 22205
Job Title:
Technical Authority - Process
Job Summary
The primary areas of surface facility work to support the Project Development are as follows:
o Rehabilitation and expansion of processing facilities (ongoing).
o Early power generation project.
o Produced water collection, separation, transmission and injection (phased).
o New power generation and distribution systems (phased).
o Oil and water processing facilities (phased).
o Associated off-sites, Main Automation Contractor (MAC), Telecoms System Integration (TSI).
The Development's prioritised objectives are:
o Achieve the highest safety, health and environmental standards during engineering, construction and start-up.
o Achieve high quality standards for safe and reliable operations.
o Achieve minimum schedule, consistent with aforementioned objectives.
o On time delivery.
o Achieve benchmark cost performance and delivery on budget.
o Utilisation of Local Content.
New Integrated Processing Complexes (IPC's) are planned to be constructed to manage the oil, gas, and water production. During each successive IPC installation, each IPC will be accompanied by new Cluster Pump Stations (CPS's) to provide continuing pressure support to the reservoir. Gathering systems, roads, power distribution, and other associated systems are required to support the redevelopment of the field.
Delivery and assurance of the project's Development will be performed by yet to be selected EPC's under a PMC / IPMT umbrella and will be managed and executed in numerous international hubs with engineering and support staff positioned strategically to maximise EPC organisation capability and the efficiency and effectiveness of staff deployed in country.
Overall Job Description and Key Deliverables
Member of the Integrated Management Team technical authorities, providing process discipline expertise to the project.
Providing the following:
· Assurance and Governance of process technical requirements for the project
· Provide input to project teams regarding safety matters, including previous lessons learned
· Review and approve contractor documents, drawings and specifications
· Report to IPMT on contractor performance
· Advise on use of codes and standards
· Lead or participate in safety reviews as required (HAZOP, HAZID, PHASSER, MAR) in accordance with BP's Group Defined Practices
Skills and Qualifications
· Significant process design experience on multi-discipline projects within the hydrocarbon industry, specifically on onshore upstream projects.
· A thorough understanding of the specialist area / discipline
· An excellent track record of delivering project safety and risk scope in terms of priorities and schedule requirements
· A full range of effective communication skills, including
· Persuasive language skills
· Presentation methods to maintain effective relations within the project teams
· Effective and clear report writing
· Excellent time management skills.
· Able to operate in a multi-site and multi-cultural environment.
· Degree Qualified in related discipline
· Further qualifications are desirable.
Other Key Requirements
· Experience of working in a multi-cultural, multi-disciplined, multi-site environment
· Previous overseas experience is desirable.
· Position holder will be required to go on business trips to Iraq (for a which a medical must be completed and passed)


text:
Social Networking for Fashion Doll Lovers
Add a Comment
I didnt make any of the Clothes u see exept the dress on the Princess Nicole, I've just collected most of the cloths over the last few years. But thanks!
Wow, I love all the colors of your fabric choices, but I think this silver and blue is the winner!
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Special Features |
New Times / Calendar EventsMarch 30Film and TV(Times vary) This class takes place on Sun. and is taught by a professional film actor/director. Annual LA trips to perform for talent agents and casting directors. Ongoing.
Aaron Metchik
La Perla Del Mar Art
Galleries (Gallery hours are Tues.-Sat. 11am-4pm) nurtures creativity, empathy, and big-picture thinking by bringing emerging and established artists to campus.
Phone: 756-1571
Building 34, Dexter Hall Farmers Market
(3-6pm) This farmers market is held every Tuesday in the Grange parking lot from
Mary White
2880 Broad St. Cost: Free Holiday events
March 30 (10am-1pm) The City of Pismo Beach Recreation Division would like to invite you to the annual Easter Egg Hunt on March 30.
Pismo Beach Recreation
Dinosaur Caves Park Cost: Free Special Events
March 30 (1 - 4 PM) Workshop with video, March 30, 1-4 PM
Joan SCott
Unitarian Universalist Fellowship Cost: Free Winery Events March 30 (10 am-12 pm) A fun and informative way for visitors and locals to learn about Paso Robles, its wines and how to taste them. You'll get an overview of the Paso Robles terrior, how it influences Paso Robles' wines and learn how wine is made. You'll also get an introduction on how to taste wines while tasting several of the great wines that Paso Robles has to offer. Approximately 2 hours, advanced reservations recommended. Just $30/pp or $25 for Crush Club members. February 16, March 9 & March 30
Becky Zelinski
First Crush Wine Workshop Cost: $30 per person, $25 for Crush Club Members Stage
March 30 (Wed, Thurs, Fri at 7pm, Sat 3pm & 7pm, Sun 6pm) March 14-April 28. Seen the musical, movie or neither one? You're going to love the TGAM twist on this Hugo classic!
Box Office
The Great American Melodrama Cost: $18, $20, $22
March 30 (6:30) Mar 30, 31 Apr 6, 7 Los Osos Red Barn
Tyler Lopez
Red Barn Cost: Pay what you can.
Pewter Plough Playhouse Holds Open Casting Call for AUDIENCE WITH MURDER
Auditions March 30 (1 pm) Open auditions are being held for the comedy thriller "Audience With Murder", by Roger Leach and Colin Wakefield, a fun, fast-paced audience grabbing, multi-layered murder mystery with a whammy surprise ending. It is a true ensemble play, with two women and two men, the ages are flexible from twenty to seventy. "A string of startling denouements that utterly confounds audience expectations", says The Stage News. Auditions on Sat, March 30, at 1pm, or on an alternate day/time if you can't make the audition. Rehearsals to begin in April. Performances are on weekends from May 17 thru June 23. Mileage allowance is available. Contact Sandy Bosworth, the director, at 203-5206, or www.pewterploughplayhouse.org. If you know someone who may be interested, please let them know. Auditions at the Playhouse, 824 Main St, Cambria's West Village.
Sandy Bosworth, director
Pewter Plough Playhouse Cost: 0 Music
March 30 (7:00 pm) March 30 Sacred mantra music
Mary Sage Sennewald
Sukha Wellness Center Cost: $15 presale, $20 at door
March 30 (7:00pm) Join us Saturday March 30, 7pm.
Mary Sage Sennewald
Sukha Wellness Center Cost: $15 adv, $20 door Art
Openings and Receptions March 30 (12 PM to 4 PM) Shades of Green is the title for the new show opening at the Art Center Morro Bay on Thursday, February 21 and running through Monday, April 1. Featured artists Diane Henderson and Ray Atzet present acrylic and watercolor paintings around a theme. A reception for the artists that is open to the public will take place Sunday, February 24 from 2 to 4 PM. Art Center Morro Bay is at 835 Main Street in Morro Bay. For more information call 772-2504.
Ruth Ann Angus
Morro Bay Art Center Cost: Free Kid Stuff
After school Pottery for kids
March 30 (3:30-5:00 /11-4:30) Every child needs a chance to create!
anam-cre studio
Anamcre Pottery studio Cost: $20 per class
Special Events March 30 (10am-noon) The Annual Egg Hunt takes place on March 30 from
Jamie Neutill
Mountainbrook Community Church Cost: Free Lectures and Learning
Pottery Classes for Adults
March 30 Clay classes in wheel throwing&sculpture
anam -cre studio
Anamcre Pottery studio Cost: $20 per class |


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Filename extension | .shp, .shx, .dbf |
Developed by | Esri |
Type of format | GIS |
Standard(s) | Shapefile Technical Description |
The Esri shapefile, or simply a shapefile, is a popular geospatial vector data format for geographic information system software. It is developed and regulated by Esri as a (mostly) open specification for data interoperability among Esri and other GIS software products.[1] Shapefiles spatially describe vector features: points, lines, and polygons, representing, for example, water wells, rivers, and lakes. Each item usually has attributes that describe it, such as name or temperature.
A shapefile is a digital vector storage format for storing geometric location and associated attribute information. This format lacks the capacity to store topological information. The shapefile format was introduced with ArcView GIS version 2 in the early 1990s. It is now possible to read and write shapefiles using a variety of free and paid programs.
Shapefiles are simple because they store the primitive geometric data types of points, lines, and polygons. They are of limited use without any attributes to specify what they represent. Therefore, a table of records will store properties/attributes for each primitive shape in the shapefile. Shapes (points/lines/polygons) together with data attributes can create infinitely many representations about geographic data. Representation provides the ability for powerful and accurate computations.
While the term "shapefile" is quite common, a "shapefile" is actually a set of several files. Three individual files are mandatory to store the core data that comprise a shapefile: .shp, .shx, and .dbf. The actual shapefile relates specifically to .shp files but alone is incomplete for distribution, as the other supporting files are required.
There are further optional files which store primarily index data to improve performance. Each individual file should conform to the DOS 8.3 filename convention (8 character filename prefix, period, 3 character filename suffix such as "shp") in order to be compatible with past applications that handle shapefiles, though many recent software applications accept files with longer names. For this same reason, all files should be located in the same folder.
Mandatory files :
- .shp — shape format; the feature geometry itself
- .shx — shape index format; a positional index of the feature geometry to allow seeking forwards and backwards quickly
- .dbf — attribute format; columnar attributes for each shape, in dBase IV format
Optional files :
- .prj — projection format; the coordinate system and projection information, a plain text file describing the projection using well-known text format
- .sbn and .sbx — a spatial index of the features
- .fbn and .fbx — a spatial index of the features for shapefiles that are read-only
- .ain and .aih — an attribute index of the active fields in a table
- .ixs — a geocoding index for read-write shapefiles
- .mxs — a geocoding index for read-write shapefiles (ODB format)
- .atx — an attribute index for the .dbf file in the form of shapefile.columnname.atx (ArcGIS 8 and later)
- .shp.xml — geospatial metadata in XML format, such as ISO 19115 or other XML schema
- .cpg — used to specify the code page (only for .dbf) for identifying the character encoding to be used
In each of the .shp, .shx, and .dbf files, the shapes in each file correspond to each other in sequence (i.e., the first record in the .shp file corresponds to the first record in the .shx and .dbf files, etc.). The .shp and .shx files have various fields with different endianness, so an implementor of the file formats must be very careful to respect the endianness of each field and treat it properly.
Shapefiles deal with coordinates in terms of X and Y, although they are often storing longitude and latitude.
Shapefile shape format (.shp)[edit]
The main file (.shp) contains the primary geographic reference data in the shapefile. The file consists of a single fixed length header followed by one or more variable length records. Each of the variable length records includes a record header component and a record contents component. A detailed description of the file format is given in the Esri Shapefile Technical Description.[1] This format should not be confused with the AutoCAD shape font source format, which shares the .shp extension.
The main file header is fixed at 100 bytes in length and contains 17 fields; nine 4-byte (32-bit signed integer or int32) integer fields followed by eight 8-byte (double) signed floating point fields:
Bytes | Type | Endianness | Usage |
0–3 | int32 | big | File code (always hex value 0x0000270a) |
4–23 | int32 | big | Unused; five uint32 |
24–27 | int32 | big | File length (in 16-bit words, including the header) |
28–31 | int32 | little | Version |
32–35 | int32 | little | Shape type (see reference below) |
36–67 | double | little | Minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) of all shapes contained within the shapefile; four doubles in the following order: min X, min Y, max X, max Y |
68–83 | double | little | Range of Z; two doubles in the following order: min Z, max Z |
84–99 | double | little | Range of M; two doubles in the following order: min M, max M |
The file then contains any number of variable-length records. Each record is prefixed with a record-header of 8 bytes:
Bytes | Type | Endianness | Usage |
0–3 | int32 | big | Record number (1-based) |
4–7 | int32 | big | Record length (in 16-bit words) |
Following the record header is the actual record:
Bytes | Type | Endianness | Usage |
0–3 | int32 | little | Shape type (see reference below) |
4– | – | – | Shape content |
The variable length record contents depend on the shape type. The following are the possible shape types:
Value | Shape type | Fields |
0 | Null shape | None |
1 | Point | X, Y |
3 | Polyline | MBR, Number of parts, Number of points, Parts, Points |
5 | Polygon | MBR, Number of parts, Number of points, Parts, Points |
8 | MultiPoint | MBR, Number of points, Points |
11 | PointZ | X, Y, Z, M |
13 | PolylineZ | Mandatory: MBR, Number of parts, Number of points, Parts, Points, Z range, Z array Optional: M range, M array |
15 | PolygonZ | Mandatory: MBR, Number of parts, Number of points, Parts, Points, Z range, Z array Optional: M range, M array |
18 | MultiPointZ | Mandatory: MBR, Number of points, Points, Z range, Z array Optional: M range, M array |
21 | PointM | X, Y, M |
23 | PolylineM | Mandatory: MBR, Number of parts, Number of points, Parts, Points Optional: M range, M array |
25 | PolygonM | Mandatory: MBR, Number of parts, Number of points, Parts, Points Optional: M range, M array |
28 | MultiPointM | Mandatory: MBR, Number of points, Points Optional Fields: M range, M array |
31 | MultiPatch | Mandatory: MBR, Number of parts, Number of points, Parts, Part types, Points, Z range, Z array Optional: M range, M array |
The "Z" types are three-dimensional. The "M" types contain a user-defined measurement which coincides with the point being referenced. Three-dimensional shapefiles are rather uncommon, and the measurement functionality has been largely superseded by more robust databases used in conjunction with the shapefile data.
Shapefile shape index format (.shx)[edit]
The shapefile index contains the same 100-byte header as the .shp file, followed by any number of 8-byte fixed-length records which consist of the following two fields:
Bytes | Type | Endianness | Usage |
0–3 | int32 | big | Record offset (in 16-bit words) |
4–7 | int32 | big | Record length (in 16-bit words) |
Using this index, it is possible to seek backwards in the shapefile by, first, seeking backwards in the shape index (which is possible because it uses fixed-length records), then reading the record offset, and using that offset to seek to the correct position in the .shp file. It is also possible to seek forwards an arbitrary number of records using the same method.
Shapefile attribute format (.dbf)[edit]
Attributes for each shape are stored in dBase format. An alternative format that can also be used is the xBase format, which has an open specification, and is used in open source shapefile libraries, such as the Shapefile C library.[2]
Shapefile projection format (.prj)[edit]
The information contained in the .prj file specifies the geographic coordinate system of the geometric data in the .shp file. Although optional, it is usually provided, as it is not necessarily possible to guess the coordinate system of any given features. The file is created in well-known text (WKT) format when generated with ArcGIS Desktop versions 9 and later. Previous ArcGIS versions and some third-party software generate it in another format, shown here:
Older projection file format example:
Projection UTM
Zunits NO
Units METERS
Spheroid CLARKE1866
Xshift 0.0000000000
Yshift -4000000.0000000000
-108 0 0.000 /* longitude
36 0 0.000 /* latitude
New WKT format example:
The information contained in the .prj file specifies the:
- Name of Geographic coordinate system or Map projection
- Datum (geodesy)
- Spheroid
- Prime meridian
- Units used
- Parameters necessary to define the map projection, for example:
- Latitude of origin
- Scale factor
- Central meridian
- False northing
- False easting
- Standard parallels
Shapefile spatial index format (.sbn)[edit]
This is a binary spatial index file, which is used only by Esri software. The format is not documented by Esri. However it has been reverse-engineered and documented [3] by the open source community. It is not currently implemented by other vendors. The .sbn file is not strictly necessary, since the .shp file contains all of the information necessary to successfully parse the spatial data.
Topology and shapefiles[edit]
Shapefiles do not have the ability to store topological information. ArcInfo coverages and personal/file/enterprise geodatabases do have the ability to store feature topology.
Spatial representation[edit]
The edges of a polyline or polygon are composed of points. The spacing of the points implicitly determines the scale at which the feature is useful visually. Exceeding that scale results in jagged representation. Additional points would be required to achieve smooth shapes at greater scales. For features better represented by smooth curves, the polygon representation requires much more data storage than, for example, splines, which can capture smoothly varying shapes efficiently. None of the shapefile types supports splines.
Data storage[edit]
The size of both .shp and .dbf component files cannot exceed 2 GB (or 231 bits) — around 70 million point features at best.[4] The maximum number of feature for other geometry types varies depending on the number of vertices used.
The attribute database format for the .dbf component file is based on an older dBase standard. This database format inherently has a number of limitations:[4]
- While the current dBase standard, and GDAL/OGR (the main open source software library for reading and writing shapefiles) support null values, ESRI software represents these values as zeros—a very serious issue for analyzing quantitative data, as it may skew representation and statistics if null quantities are represented as zero
- Poor support for Unicode field names or field storage
- Maximum length of field names is 10 characters
- Maximum number of fields is 255
- Supported field types are: floating point (13 character storage), integer (4 or 9 character storage), date (no time storage; 8 character storage), and text (maximum 254 character storage)
- Floating point numbers may contain rounding errors since they are stored as text
Mixing shape types[edit]
Because the shape type precedes each record, a shape file is physically capable of storing a mixture of different shape types. However, the specification states, "All the non-Null shapes in a shapefile are required to be of the same shape type." Therefore this ability to mix shape types must be limited to interspersing null shapes with the single shape type declared in the file's header. A shape file must not contain both polyline and polygon data, for example, and the descriptions for a well (point), a river (polyline), and a lake (polygon) would be stored in three separate files.
See also[edit]
- Geographic information system
- Open Geospatial Consortium
- Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo)
- List of geographic information systems software
- Comparison of geographic information systems software
- ^ a b Esri (July 1998). Esri Shapefile technical description. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ^ "Shapefile C Library V1.2".
- ^ http://pyshp.googlecode.com/files/sbn_format.pdf
- ^ a b "ArcGIS Desktop 9.3 Help – Geoprocessing considerations for shapefile output". Esri. April 24, 2009.
External links[edit]
- Shapefile file extensions – Esri Webhelp docs for ArcGIS 10.0 (2010)
- Esri Shapefile Technical Description – Esri White Paper, July 1998
- Esri – Understanding Topology and Shapefiles
- shapelib.maptools.org – Free c library for reading/writing shapefiles
- ShpDump – online utility that lets you see shapefile binary values
- Python Shapefile Library – Open Source (MIT License) Python library for reading/writing shapefiles


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Cysts, Lumps, Bumps, and Your Skin
There are a number skin conditions that cause lumps and bumps to appear on the surface or just below the skin. This article covers some of the most common ones, and includes the following:
- Skin cysts
- Cherry angioma
- Dermatofibromas
- Epidermoid cysts
- Folliculitis
- Keratoacanthoma
- Keratosis pilaris
- Lipomas
- Neurofibromas
See pictures of skin problems such as ringworm and rashes in adults and children. Identify moles, skin cancers, and different types of bug bites.
Skin Cysts
Cysts are noncancerous, closed pockets of tissue that can be filled with fluid, pus, or other material.
Cysts are common on the skin and can appear anywhere. They feel like large peas under the surface of the skin. Cysts can develop as a result of infection, clogging of sebaceous glands (oil glands), or around foreign bodies, such as earrings.
What Are the Symptoms of Skin Cysts?
Skin cysts usually are:
- Slow-growing
- Painless
- Smooth to the touch when they are rolled under the skin
How Are Skin Cysts Treated?
Cysts usually do not cause pain unless they rupture or become infected or inflamed. Most cysts do not disappear on their own without treatment. Some cysts may need to be drained to relieve symptoms. That involves piercing the cyst with a sharp object and draining it. That doesn't cure the cyst, however. Some inflamed cysts can be treated with an injection of cortisone medication to cause it to shrink. Cysts that do not respond to other treatments or reoccur can be removed surgically if they cause troublesome symptoms.
Cherry Angioma and Your Skin
A cherry angioma is a smooth, cherry-red bump on the skin.
Although cherry angiomas usually appear on the trunk of the body, they can occur nearly anywhere. The cause of cherry angiomas is not known and the growths usually appear on people over the age of 40.
What Are the Symptoms of Cherry Angiomas?
Cherry angiomas are small, bright red growths that are smooth. The size of the growths can vary from the size of a pinhead to about a quarter inch in diameter.
How Is a Cherry Angioma Treated?
In most cases, cherry angiomas do not require treatment. If they are cosmetically unappealing or are subject to bleeding, angiomas may be removed by lasers or electrocautery -- the process of burning or destroying tissue by use of a small probe with an electric current running through it. Removal may cause scarring.
Dermatofibromas and Your Skin
Dermatofibromas are harmless round, red-brownish skin growths that are most commonly found on the arms and legs. Dermatofibromas contains scar tissue and feel like hard lumps in the skin.
The cause of dermatofibromas is not known.
What Are the Symptoms of Dermatofibromas?
The symptoms of dermatofibromas include:
- A red, brown, or purple growth that can change colors over time
- A growth that is as small as a BB pellet
- Tenderness, pain, and itching; however, growths also can be painless
- A dimple that appears when the growth is pinched
WebMD Medical Reference


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It seems like every article I read is already writing off the Bobcats in terms of a possible playoff appearance. We are what 4 games out of 8th place with over two months of basketball to be played right? I mean after the All Star break when we get Wallace and Bell back we can make a push. It starts with winning these last to games before the break (Clippers and Wizards). If we can stop the bleeding with those games until we get back to full force, I see us still in the hunt.
Is this a pipe dream or do you guys think we are out of the playoffs?