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Browse by first letter of the name. Great if you you know what you're looking for.
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Browse by Country and see how many there are in each one. If you're looking for someone or something Rails-related in your home country, start here.
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File | Description | Format |
ArnoldEcologyEvolution.jpg (1MB) | (no description provided) | JPEG image |
Title: | Nature, red in tooth and claw |
Author(s): | Arnold, Erika |
Abstract: | This image was produced with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is a highly magnified view of the tarsal claw on a bat fly's front leg. These flies are obligate ectoparasites of bats and, as an evolutionary group, display an incredibly diverse range of adaptations for life on a bat. In this image, you can see how well these flies can cling to the fur of a moving mammal, and how sensitive they might be to their host's tiniest movements. I gather information with these SEM photos that would otherwise be invisible to the naked eye, and I use it to explore the evolutionary patterns and even the ecology of this unique group. |
Issue Date: | 2011 |
Type: | Image |
Description: | Entry 2011 in The Image of Research, a competition for students in graduate or professional degree programs at UIC, sponsored by UIC's Graduate College and the University Library. Images of award recipients and honorable mention images on exhibition in the Richard J. Daley Library, April 13-May 30, 2011. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10027/8062 |
Sponsor: | University of Illinois at Chicago Graduate College |
Date Available in INDIGO: | 2012-01-03 |
Country Code | Views |
United States of America | 134 |
China | 37 |
United Kingdom | 6 |
France | 4 |
Germany | 3 |

subset: commoncrawl


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Raleigh >
Lodging > Fairfield Inn & Suites Raleigh Durham Airport/ Brier Creek10040 Sellona Street, Raleigh, NC | Directions
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For heavier jobs, use the BIGmouth shoulder bag
Collect litter, trash and debris with this reusable large-capacity vinyl litter bag. An 18" diameter steel-rimmed opening holds the bag open and makes it easy to toss in items for faster grounds maintenance. Rugged and washable, the bag is constructed of heavy-duty reinforced vinyl with a wide adjustable shoulder strap. 33-gallon capacity. Weighs 2 lbs. USA made.
2014 Master Catalog: Page 371


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Kenroy Home Set of 2 Bobbin Dark Graphite Table Lamps
Bring symmetry and style to your decor with this matching pair of contemporary lamps. Each one has a polyresin base with a stylized candlestick shape and a dark graphite finish. A cream drum shade with graphite piping tops it all off. Set o...f 2. Dark graphite finish. Polyresin base. Cream fabric drum shade. Each takes one 100 watt bulb (not included). 29" high. Shade is 12" wide and 10 1/2" high. 5 1/2" wide footprint 18 3/4" from base to shade. read more
A colonial style gets an update with striking polished chrome in the Riley collection. The bright finish elegantly reflects the li...ght while perfectly bridging the gap between contemporary and traditional design. Sconce and Vanity Can Mount Up or Down. Key Features 6 Inch Diameter Opal Glass Shades read more
Kenroy Home offers the finest in decor, performance, and value. Their chandeliers, ceiling lighting and indoor and outdoor wall li...ghting capture the essence of lighting technology, and combine it with styling points of view ranging from classical and traditional, to contemporary and casual. Kenroy lamps and portable lighting utilize a wide variety of materials, and create artistic elements that complement your home furnishings as well as make their own statements. Particular care is paid to hand applied polishing and painting, matched with the finest in glass and shade treatments. Fountains are the latest Kenroy Home category entry, and are designed and crafted to blend with various interior and exterior decors. They add soothing movement and the gentle sounds of falling water to unique artistry created in real and simulated stone, metal and ceramics. Key Features 10 Inch Diameter Clear Glass Shade read more
The ultimate reading lamp, Thetas column is affixed to one side, allowing it to be placed close to an armchair or bed. Two arms of...fer maximum adjustability and counterbalance the drum shade, complementing a polished industrial look Key Features Controlled via 3-Way Switch Illuminated by 1-150 Watt 3-way Bulb, Not Included read more
Young and uncomplicated, this textured crinkled shade, glowing on a clean brushed steel poll base, brings a light-hearted style wi...th just a touch of "funk". This modern trio packs tremendous value and versatility. read more
Whether your home is traditional or contemporary, Bows clean lines will add a tasteful touch to any room. Its unique arm and glass... shape cross several stylistic eras. Key Features 5 Inch diameter white oval glass shades 4-60 Watt (m) torpedo bulbs read more
The exquisite style and profile of an old time pharmacists jar, topped with a chic textured White Tapered Drum shade, fashion this... contemporary look with creative, nostalgic appeal. Key Features 17 Inch diameter white drum shade with gray trim 1-150 Watt 3-way switch read more
Made from premium materials, this lamps / outdoor lights offers great function and value for your home. Key Features 3 Inch diamet...er white glass shades 2 - 2 Watt led ring On/off cup switch read more
Made from premium materials, this lamps / outdoor lights offers great function and value for your home. Key Features 14 Inch diame...ter dark all weather split bamboo shd 1-100 Watt (M) bulb On/off push switch read more
A great way to beat the heat, this ceiling fan is UL rated for wet locations, making it perfect for outdoor applications. The moto...r comes in a crisp white finish, and is paired with tropical look, palm leaf inspired fan blades. 3 speed motor with pull-chain operation. 172 x 17 motor size. Regular single mounting system. 52" ABS Tropical White Blades. A 6" downrod is included, but the ceiling fan is dual mountable and may be adapted for low profile use. Suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. White finish. UL Rated for wet locations. 3-speed motor. ABS tropical white finish blades. 14 degree blade pitch. 52" blade span. Fan height 18" ceiling to blade (with 6" downrod). 6" downrod included. This design is low profile adaptable. Canopy is 5.2" wide and 2.2' long. read more
The Fairmont ceiling fan is perfect for rustic and lodge decors as well as Mission style interiors. The motor gets an aged bronze ...finish, and two light kits (uplight and downlight) glow with amber glass. Reversible blades offer walnut and cherry veneers. Dual-mountable design. Aged bronze finish motor. Five reversible walnut/cherry veneer blades. 3-speed motor. Pull chain operation. Dual mountable. Dual light kits with amber glass. Aged bronze finish motor. Five reversible walnut/cherry veneer blades. 3-speed motor. Pull chain operation. Dual mountable. Dual light kits with amber glass. Includes four 15 watt candelabra bulbs for uplight. Includes three 40 watt candelabra bulbs for downlight. 6" downrod included. Fan height 14 1/4" ceiling to blade (with 6" downrod) Fan height 16 3/4" ceiling to bottom of light kit (with 6" downrod) Canopy 2 1/2" high and 5 1/4" wide. 52" blade span. 14 degree blade pitch. read more
A mercury glass table lamp makes a wonderful accent for a transitional bedroom or living room. The beautiful double gourd base fea...tures gold and silver finish glass while a round, polished metal stand, mount and finial add extra sparkle to this fabulous lighting decor accent. A simple, linen drum shade with fold-over self-trim finishes off this beautiful design. Mercury glass construction. Gold and silver finishes. Natural linen shade. Maximum 100 watt bulb (not included). 30 1/2" high. Shade is 14" across the top, 16" across the bottom and 11" high. read more
Featuring an engaging design reminiscent of coral gently swaying on the ocean floor, this vibrant teal table lamp is a lovely addi...tion to your coastal cottage decor. It also works well in any room that needs a splash of color. Ceramic gourd-style base. Teal and tan finish. Tan tapered shade. Maximum 150 watt or equivalent bulb (not included). On/off switch. 25" high. Shade is 13" across the top, 15" across the bottom, 10" high. read more
at Lamps Plus
This spotlight style halogen floor lamp from Robert Abbey designs is an eccentric and stylish way to illuminate a room. With a dee...p patina bronze finish, adjustable metal shade and frosted glass diffuser, this timeless piece evokes the studio lighting of early Hollywood. Deep patina bronze finish. Adjustable metal shade. Frosted glass diffuser. Foot dimmer. Design by Robert Abbey. Includes one 50 watt 120V halogen bulb. Shade is 6 1/2" round, 4" deep. 63" high. Base is 10 1/2" round. read more
at Lamps Plus
This pharmacy-style floor lamp gracefully blends form and function. The sleek frame comes in a rich lead bronze finish and feature...s dark nickel accents. Two adjustable boom arms allow you to focus light where you need it. Perfect beside your desk or a favorite reading chair. A Robert Abbey floor lamp design. Lead bronze finish. Design by Robert Abbey. Dark nickel accents. Takes two 60 watt bulbs (not included). 57 1/4" high. Shades are 8" wide. 10" diameter base. read more
at Lamps Plus
Outfit your living space in contemporary style with this handsome black wood floor lamp. The three leg design features chrome fini...sh hardware and is topped with an off-white fabric drum shade. From the Lite Source lighting collection. Wood construction. Black and chrome finish. Off-white fabric shade. Includes one 23 watt CFL bulb. Also accommodates up to 100 watt incandescent bulb. On/off socket switch. 64" high. Shade is 17" wide and 10 1/2" high. 19 1/2" footprint. read more
at Lamps Plus
The Bronx ceiling fan makes an immediate impression with a distinctive combination of oil-rubbed bronze with walnut wood tone blad...es. The sleek look is understated, a great fit for urban and loft chic motifs. Accent your home with this sophisticated fan design from Quorum. (MAP) Oil-rubbed bronze motor finish. Walnut finish blades. 52" blade span. 13 1/2 degree blade pitch. Limited lifetime motor warranty. Amber scavo glass light kit. Includes one 75 mini-candelabra bulb. Wall control included. Fan height 12" ceiling to blade (with 4-1/2' downrod). Includes 4 1/2" downrod. read more
at Lamps Plus
Celebrity designer Jonathan Adler created the look for the fabulous new Parker Palm Springs luxury resort. Adler's style is modern..., but his look is anything but cold. His designs are fun, funky, colorful and draw heavily on chic, mid-century fashion. The Parker lighting collection, designed for Robert Abbey, lets you bring home some of Adler's "quirky modernist" style. The Parker flushmount ceiling light features white, frosted glass. The patterned metal outer comes in a polished nickel finish. Illuminate hallways, entryways or other living spaces with this fabulous look. Polished nickel finish. White frosted glass. Takes three 75 watt bulbs (not included). 15 1/4" wide. 7 1/4" high. read more
at Lamps Plus
This contemporary 2-light boom floor lamp from Robert Abbey features a slim, adjustable base that allows a multitude of uses. The ...deep patina bronze finish is complemented by an open weave heather linen shade. Deep patina bronze finish over metal. By designer Rico Espinet. Open weave heather linen shade with bottom diffuser. Design by Robert Abbey. Takes two 100 watt bulbs (not included). On/off foot switch. Height adjusts from 62" to 102 1/2". Shade is 18" across the top, 20" across the bottom, 8" high. 18" - 65" adjustable span. Petrochemical phosphatized iron base is 18" in diameter x 2" high. read more


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Smoky Mountains Vacation- Sylva,Bryson City,Franklin,Highlands,Cashiers,Cherokee, NC
Mar 13, 2014Thirsty Thursdays at City Lights CafeSylva, NCCity Lights Cafe
Mar 15, 2014Highlands Annual Chili Cook OffHighlands, NCHighlands Community Building (Conference Center)
Mar 20, 2014Thirsty Thursdays at City Lights CafeSylva, NCCity Lights Cafe
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We recommend using the 'Filter by Nearest City' option to help locate points of interest (POIs) that can normally be found 'off the beaten path' or outside of a given city's limits. Find these POIs under our 'Play' & 'Explore' categories. A few examples: Hiking, Waterfalls, Fishing Spots, Picnic Areas, Swimming Holes, Mtn. Biking, Museums & Historic Sites, Scenic Drives & Motorcycle Routes.
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Ray and Miletta KnobRay and Miletta Knob are celebrating their 50th wedding anniversary with an open house Sunday, Feb. 24. The celebration begins at 1:30 p.m. at the Pea Green Hall.
Richard and Artis MillerRichard and Artis Miller of Cedaredge will celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary on Feb. 16. They were married in Gunnison.
Read more...
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Police have charged a 14-year-old Peabody Middle School student with possession of a weapon on school property after a BB gun was found in his possession.
According to Petersburg City Public Schools spokeswoman Nicole Bell, two other students told faculty members that the 7th-grade student was in possession of the BB gun. Faculty members brought the student to the office and found the BB gun in his possession.


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Unite is a Christian Society that aims to spread the love and gospel of Jesus Christ through various artistic means.
We consist of Choir, Music, Dance, Drama, Dance and Poetry workshops that work together coherently to put on inspiring and uplifting events throughout the academic year.
Our great friends at: loans for bad credit have recently made a small donation towards our web hosting expenses.
As a society we are constantly branching out in the way in which we evangelise and are privileged to do so on some of the most credible media platforms.
We are passionate about uniting people from different walks of life and backgrounds. All are welcomed to join.
Is Scottish Independence truly in Scottish best interest?
Read more »
Unite members in One Housing Group (OHG) are today beginning a further three days of strike action following OHG's refusal to engage in negotiations with the union. All attempts by conciliation service ACAS to kick-start talks have been rejected by management and this has led to Unite members overwhelmingly voting for this second round of strike action.
A strong voluntary sector is the foundation for a fair and flourishing society.
Yet the very heart of the sector is currently at risk from Government cuts, short-term contracts and top-down commissioning structures. The result is a deeply insecure funding environment which prevent voluntary sector organisations from best supporting their service users, employees, volunteers or society.
We wanted to give loads of thanks to . They assisted us get our website online.
We've launched the campaign Unite for our Society to:
Recognise the contribution of the sector and those that work in it.;
Ensure a good working environment that supports the wellbeing of staff and volunteers through best practice policies and fair pay;
Strengthen the democratic voice of our Members in their workplaces;
Document the impact of cuts in government funding and the decline in other funding sources;
Maintain the independence of the sector so that delivery continues to be led by frontline staff, volunteers and service users;
Identify and tackle common problems across the sector and share good practices;
Empower those working in the sector to become effective campaigners on behalf of their service users, colleagues, workplaces and society; and
Provide leadership for the sector and set the agenda for decades to come.
Big thanks to seo company london our site is now up onceagain. Their donation helped take care of webhosting and domain renewal.
Together, we can make the sector stronger - for the good of service users, staff and society.


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What Are The Chances Of Getting HIV From Frottage
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
frottageRecently I had an encounter with a guy I later found out was HIV +. We did not have any anal penetration, but we did have oral sex and he rubbed his penis on my anus and press it against my anus. He did not ejaculate either. I am concerned because I...Response from Lisa Hightow-Weidman, M.D., M.P.H.
University of North Carolina
Hello there-The risk from the activities you describe are low. First, your partners HIV viral load was undetectable. People with undetectable viral load in the blood have a much lower chance of transmitting HIV to others. Much of these data come...
Read more »
frottage: risk to a womanfrottage: risk to a womanhello,I am a female who has had two sexual partners in 25 years. The... Read more »hiv frottage / lap danceHello Doc, I am reposting in hope to get your good karma please do send it my way. First of all... Read more »
Canada: Teens Need a Chance to Talk About AIDS, Activists SayEmily Cordeaux, a 17-year-old Toronto resident, said some teens still thinks HIV/AIDS is an issue only for gay men, and that others are lulled into a false sense of security by thinking there will be a cure within their lifetime. She said schools... Read more »AIDS Conference Calls for Asian Nations to Seize Chance to Reverse EpidemicThe 7th International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific ended on Tuesday in Kobe, Japan, with calls for Asian nations to seize the opportunity to reverse the epidemic before it expands across the region, Reuters AlertNet reports. In the... Read more »HIV News & Views: Mainstream Media's HIV Stigma; Getting to Undetectable; Women's HIV Research Update; and MoreHIV News & Views, May 2, 2013 - TheBody.com May 2, 2013 Top Stories at TheBody.com Read Past Newsletters Change/Update Subscription HIV/AIDS BLOG CENTRAL Mathew Rodriguez: Why Does Mainstream Media... Read more »Getting Pregnant: HIV-Positive Woman and HIV-Negative Man (Serodiscordant)There are several different options for reducing the chances of passing on HIV while trying to get pregnant. If you are an HIV+ woman and an HIV-negative man seeking information on getting pregnant, the options below will help you understand what... Read more »
Connect With Others
frottage exposure - scared to death
Posted by devilangel, 1 Reply
hi,can anyone help me here? i am a little - in fact a lot , freaked out. i dont know wht to do. well i recently visited a private sex worker. we started with kissing and fondling. i rubbed her vagina and used some saliva to lubricate it. i then made... Read more » Risk of STD's including HIV from mutual masturbation and frottage?!
Posted by JoeD93, 1 Reply
About a week ago, I met a guy from online for a one night thing. Before this encounter, I gave a hand job to a guy a few days before and he ejaculated on my hand (not worried about that), but before that the last time I did anything sexual was in...
Read more »
Chances of getting HIV when you have dermatitis
Posted by Antre, 1 Reply
Hi. I would like to ask about the chances of getting HIV when you have dermatitis and touch body fluids. Moreover what are the chances if these body fluids where out of the body for some minutes?One friend of mine wanted to have sex at a brothel and... Read more » Chances of getting HIV
Posted by cookie, 3 Replies
Hi,One day at school, i found a drop of blood on my skin and i don't know who it was. I want to ask the cances of me getting HIV and how much blood is needed to transmit HIV? Thx Read more » Advertisement Advertisement
Guides for People With HIV


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One of the dating services for meeting local people is Ripley speed dating. Based on a series of short planned introductions Ripley speed dating allow singles to quickly meet people face to face in a safe and fun environment. Imagine meeting people online in a similar fashion through matchmaker.com'sinnovative new Cupid feature which emails you introductions of singles in the Ripley speed dating area without ever having to leave your home.
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+myConnections: Engage your community - connect to news, events and information you care about. View more information...
BG Hicks
20 points
Barb Kelm
2 points
Personalize your online experience to stay up-to-date on news, events and other information.
The Weiler House at 401 E. Baseline Rd. was placed on the Lafayette Register of Historic Properties in 2000.


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Hosted at youtube.com This video is provided and hosted from a 3rd party server. Our search functionality is helping you discover publicly available websites & their content. Footytube as a search engine does not host or upload this material and is not responsible for the content.
Community Opinion & Comments
How did the teams perform?
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A really poor showing from Maccabi's defence, it broke down too easily and psg took advantage of poor defending but the winning team played the better football and deserve to win the game so hat off to psg.
It can definitely be said that this was a clear breakdown in defense. But PSG was in the right places at the right times, not letting up .
Maccabi's defense is a joke, they spent millions on players, but they have no team... What a shame. If they don't qualify I hope they lose with dignity at least and don't concede too many goals at home
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Reviews of Latest Sony Headphones
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CNET UK > Reviews > MP3 Players and Audio > Headphones
Sony MDR-570LP review
While the MDR-570LP headphones don't offer the best audio quality we've ever heard, you'll be hard-pressed to beat it at the same price. They're also stylish, well made, and keep a good grip on your bonce. Other than a slightly short cable, there's very little to complain about Read more
8 June 2010 by Luke Westaway
CNET UK > Reviews > MP3 Players and Audio > Headphones
Sony MDR-NC500D review
The over-the-ear MDR-NC500Ds are, according to Sony, the world's first digital noise-cancelling headphones. Lightweight and extremely comfortable, they certainly provide the best noise-cancelling experience we've had to date. We just wish the bass response was better Read more
3 February 2009 by Frank Lewis
CNET UK > Reviews > MP3 Players and Audio > Headphones
Sony DR-BT50 Bluetooth headphones review
Sony's new DR-BT50s are ultra-stylish headphones aimed at the trendy 20-somethings who want to rock out with their MP3-laden mobile phone. With a built-in microphone, a set of music-player controls and even folder-navigation buttons, the DR-BT50s have potential Read more
28 June 2007 by Nate Lanxon


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Working German Shepherd. He's 7 years old and very good with kids. He was trained in Germany for 2 years. His title is BH. He's a Korzucht-Leistungszucht-AhnenAhnentafel which is the best breed a German Shepherd can be. Not only was his parents Angekort... More info Email a friend |
Sch3 titled sire/grandsires solid black Working/companion/protection lines, exceptional temperament, heavy boned, a thinking dog, not hyper or a liability dog. Suitable for family pet or personal protection. Easily trained and highly intelligent. http://... More info Email a friend |
Beautiful golden retriever puppies. $1000 each. Light golden color. Excellent bloodlines. Family raised. Parents on site. Price includes initial vaccinations, microchip with lifetime subscription, AKC registration and vet bills and deworming through... More info Email a friend |
Looking for AKC Boxer Female between 1-4 years of age. Call 910-340-3284. More info Email a friend |
Multigen Labradoodles F2b. Apricots, Creams and Buff colored. CKC registered. Both parents on site. 45-50 lbs. brogdonroadfarm.com. More info Email a friend |
Whelped July 3, 2013. Started retriever, doubles, singles, blinds, excellent drive, great bloodline for intelligence and he loves to retrieve. Excellent disposition and will make a great hunting companion and family addition. More info Email a friend |
We have a gorgeous litter of miniature labradoodle puppies born January 26th ready to go home end of March, just in time for spring! We have a variety of coat colors including cream, apricot, chocolate and phantom. This is the 4th litter out of this breeding... More info Email a friend |
We have Blenheim and Tri-colored puppies that will be ready in early to mid March. Please contact us to help you find the perfect puppy. More info Email a friend |
3females - 4months - Tails cropped - Shots - Dewormed More info Email a friend |
Adorable fawn with black mask. Friendly and Playful and great with children. They are utd on shots and worming. If you would like to see more pictures of them please check out facebook.com/pugwonders Their parents are on premises. MC/VISA Accepted... More info Email a friend |


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It is important to note that among the reasons given for the distress of the psalmist is that he has had to live among people who advocate war and hate peace. Such is often the lonely fate of supporters of peace in a hostile world.
The Psalmist laments that he lives in a Society which "hateth peace" and cries out "I am for peace: but when I speak they are for war" (1000 BC)
Read the full quote in context here.
One of the 150 poems, songs, and prayers from the Old Testament's Book of Psalms:
Psalm 1201. In my distress I cried unto the LORD, and he heard me.2. Deliver my soul, O LORD, from lying lips, and from a deceitful tongue.3. What shall be given unto thee? or what shall be done unto thee, thou false tongue?4. Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper.5. Woe is me, that I sojourn in Mesech, that I dwell in the tentsof Kedar!6. My soul hath long dwelt with him that hateth peace.7. I am for peace: but when I speak, they are for war.
[More works by King David (1010 BC – 970 BC)]


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Property ID: RD07
Address: 9250 Island Grove Terrace Vero Beach FL 32963 USA
Phone: 772/234-2000
Disney's Vero Beach Resort offers a family-friendly vacation. Go sailing or surfing or soak up the sun on the beach, enjoy the outdoor pool, play a game of tennis, volleyball, or basketball. The kids can enjoy the arcade/game room, playground, and their own pool. Everyone can play a game of miniature golf. At the end of the day, unwind in the whirlpool/hot tub and have a massage. Laundry facilities are available for guest convenience. This property is handicapped accessible. High speed internet access is accessible for an additional charge.
Address: 9250 Island Grove Terrace Vero Beach FL 32963 USA
This area has something for every member of the family. Located in Vero Beach, right off the Atlantic Ocean, spend the day fishing or go rowing or canoeing. Take an unusual tour of the marshlands on an airboat or explore the McLarty Treasure Museum. Visit the spring training camp at Holman Stadium in Dodgertown. Enjoy the wonders of the Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge, and see the birds in their natural habitats. Play a round of golf at Whisper Lakes Golf Course. This resort is just two hours southeast of the Walt Disney World Resort. Local Attraction and Information |


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Naming, strategy, identity creation and roll out for Citadel Corporate Finance. We created a cohesive identity and visual system that exudes security and guardianship as well as communicating a high end premium feel across all applications. In such a volatile Irish market, this business needed everything from its name, right down to the detail on its business cards to be as distinctive, innovative and memorable as possible.Branding, Copywriting, Graphic Design2012
Dublin Whiskey CompanyBranding, Graphic Design, Typography2014
eumom is Ireland's leading parenting community. A brand with unrivalled history, multiple channels and a widespread diverse audience.
13 years since its inception, with competition on the increase, the brand needed to be re-examined, repositioned and redefined.
From the start, we set about getting to the heart of the brand, communicating eumom's core focus of being intrinsic to family life, connecting and engaging with today's generation of modern busy lives. A revitalised flexible identity was created to communicate a brand that is real, alive and full of warmth to reflect a community that is 'first for parenting, first for moms.
From Iconography to internal engagement, graphics to guidelines, eumom now has a brand built for substantial growth.Branding, Editorial Design, Graphic Design2014 -
New Horizon Youth Centre is a day centre in London, working with young people who are vulnerable, homeless or at risk. They offer everything from housing advice to support with education, counselling to cookery classes.
Our response was to firstly create a brand story, positioning the charity as 'Creating Positive Futures'. We then created a complete new identity and visual system that communicates positivity and the friendly approachable culture of the centre. The identity and visual language were based on the idea of a transport map as most of the young people arriving to the centre found their way there via public transport and for some it was their first time in the city trying to find their way in the urban jungle. The map represents where each young person may have got on at the start of their journey to an improved life chance of a bright new future. Most recently, Sarah Brown opened their new state of the art centre where we were responsible for their internal way finding system.
"Wemakedesign has gone way beyond the call of duty in designing our new logo, it's clear, crisp, vibrant and all embracing and says what we wanted it to say about the work we do – creating positive futures for young vulnerable people. I can't recommend them too highly."
Jon Snow, Journalist/TV presenter and chairman of NHYCBranding, Graphic Design, Illustration2010 -
Following a brand strategy review with Bradley McGurk, we had the opportunity to rebrand Colortrend. With the previous design spanning 25 years, Irish paint manufacturer, Colortrend, realised it was about time for a major rebrand. The entire brand needed repositioned to include the identity and visual language, packaging for all it's product ranges, brochures, livery and signage.
Women are a key customer for Colortrend's mainstream ranges. A feminine tactile approach needed to be adopted for these products, as did a quality look and feel to reflect Colortrend's higher market price.
Builders and tradesmen also amass a big audience for its woodcare and primer ranges. These products therefore needed to have masculine appeal.
• A contemporary yet classical identity that will stand the test of time
• An icon system for the mainstream ranges aimed to a feminine audience
• The masculine products feature strong colours and robust typography.
The current sales are testament to how the rebranding has performed.Art Direction, Branding, Package Design2011 -
In a world of tired, blue, masculine identities, we created a simple, fresh, modern image for this start-up business. This brand new company, with many years experience needed excellent standout as well as to be seen as fresh, accessible and innovative.Branding, Graphic Design, Interaction Design2010
Food & You are independent nutritionists focused on helping people understand food, manage their diets and learn new recipes. We created a friendly identity and visual language that represented them, their mantra for a balanced lifestyle and the enjoyment everyone should get from eating good food!
It has just won a Design and Design award – a prestigious European design award, and will be published in the Design and Design book of 2011.Branding, Graphic Design, Typography2011 -
Strategy, naming, brand identity and packaging for Canopi. Canopi is a seamless way of adding arm cover to a sleeveless garment, instantly changing the look of an outfit.
Our core focus was to communicate the essence of the brand: An innovative, simple, satisfying product that women will love. We created a tone of voice that exudes elegance & sophistication, one that is closely linked to the attention to detail and quality of the product.Branding, Graphic Design, Packaging2012 -
As part of our rebrand of Udo's Choice, we have just completed our second recipe book for the brand. The book has a simple, homemade, 'back to basics' feel, almost like a treasured homemade recipe notebook and is packed with recipes, testimonials, illustrations that were completed inhouse, and beautiful photography throughout by Cliona O'Flaherty.
The book was tied in with a national advertising campaign – both traditional print advertising and a social media campaign, which invited people from all over Ireland to send in their recipes that used Udo's Oil. Hundreds of entries were received, with 20 entrants having their recipes featured in the book and 1 lucky winner receiving €2000. Get your copy of the book today by buying a bottle of Udo's Oil!Art Direction, Branding, Graphic Design2012 -
Northern Quarter brochure and identity for the Brand Union, a large established department store here in Dublin called Arnotts, who were redeveloping their store and creating a brand new shopping area and surrounding environment. An eye catching brochure and identity for the new scheme was called for, titled Northern Quarter.
The brochure contained an overview of the store, the area, various maps, cad drawings and lifestyle shots. We felt the elements were quite disparate in style so developed a font based on the idea of mapping and scaffolding. This would then be used in an illustrative manner to bring everything together, it was also used to create a sense of ambiguity and theatre. The font was used as headlines and as a pattern on the front that was debossed and foiled into a beautiful tactile gf smith stock called Pergrina ruby red, a metallic paper that looks like a christmas bauble. All in all, great fun to do.Graphic Design, Typography, Art Direction2009 -
Ivertec is a leading Irish developer of information management software. We were delighted to be commissioned to rebrand Ivertec and their innovative products.Graphic Design, Branding2009
Cruickshank Intellectual Property Attorneys, founded in 1928, approached us for an identity that would bring their 8 decades of experience into today's marketplace. Our task was to rejuvenate the brand and help it become a truly differentiated provider of Intellectual Property Services in today's marketplace.
We needed to successfully create an identity that married the old with the new. How do you create a logo for a company that's 80 years old?
We created a core brand and visual language that speaks for Cruickshank in today's market. The result is a classical yet modern identity, a distinctive colour palette, an established look across all communications, and a library of fresh friendly photography.Branding, Art Direction, Typography2011 -
Udo's Choice Fitness BookBranding, Print Design, Typography2014
Textiles by NaoimhBranding, Graphic Design, Icon Design2014
IkonArt Direction, Branding, Graphic Design2014
While working with Image Now in Dublin, we had the opportunity to design the Eircom annual reports. We used this opportunity to move the reports on from purely facts and figures, and use them as a vehicle to talk about what the company is about, what is does and how it is intrinsic to the community. Photography was commissioned from Trevor Hart (www.trevorhart.com) and Alex Telfer (www.alextelfer.com).Art Direction, Graphic Design, Illustration2011
Udo's Choice Beauty BookBranding, Print Design, Typography2014
Acuman Facilities Management, formerly known as BSFM, contacted us when they were undergoing a name change. The new name required a new identity and visual language, a suite of corporate literature, stationery, livery, signage and uniforms. The new name 'Acuman' together with the new identity needed to reflect a progressive dynamic company who could sit proudly in the international arena whilst also retaining and remaining loyal to its existing customer base.
As major players in facilities management, it was important to reflect a confident consistent image in all of Acuman's communications. A strong colour palette, accessible photography and clean typography all helped in successfully achieving just that.Art Direction, Branding, Graphic Design2011 -
Team Lorraine Mulligan are estate agents and auctioneers within the RE/MAX organisation.
Lorraine and her team's passion for property is long standing with unparalleled service levels. They strive to be ahead of their competition at all times, so approached us to design their identity and corporate literature.
In developing their visual language, it was agreed that these key words – passionate, committed, dedicated, leading, people- orientated, professional, captured the essence of Team Lorraine Mulligan. We used these as criteria in the delivery of the identity and it's printed communications.
A fresh approach to the property market. Not a house in sight!Branding, Print Design, Art Direction2011 -
Identity submission for the Queen Rania FoundationGraphic Design2010
All works & copy; Wemakedesign 2014.
Please do not reproduce without the expressed written consent of Wemakedesign.
Please do not reproduce without the expressed written consent of Wemakedesign.


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Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS)
Molecular Pathways Related to ALPS
Fas and Trail pathways in ALPS
Cell death pathways affected in ALPS
Cell death pathway initiated by Fas ligand (Fas L). Trimeric Fas L binds to the transmembrane protein Fas, inducing trimerization and binding of Fas to FADD. FADD then binds caspase 8, which initiates a proteolytic cascade leading to degradation of DNA and eventual cell death. Recent data indicate that FADD may bind caspase 10 as well. The specific functions of the Fas apoptotic pathway include peripheral deletion of activated T cells following an immune response, cytotoxic T and NK cell mediated killing of virus-infected cells or cancer cells, and killing of inflammatory cells at sites of immune privilege.
Cell death pathways initiated by the ligand TRAIL. Trimeric TRAIL binds to the transmembrane proteins DR4 or DR5, inducing trimerization and binding of DR4 or DR5 to FADD. FADD then preferentially binds caspase 10 (but can bind caspase 8, which initiates a proteolytic cascade leading to degradation of DNA and eventual cell death. The TRAIL pathways can induce T cell death, and recent data indicate they are important in apoptosis of dendritic cells. Although the major function of the TRAIL pathway is induction of apoptosis, it can induce NFkB activation as well.
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Last Updated December 30, 2009


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Until 1948, the little-used highway from Raymondville to a point on Laguna Madre, called Redfish Bay, was traveled only by occasional fishermen going to deserted beaches. No community marked the road's end at the water's edge. The people of Willacy County, employing their own financing, built wharves, docks and a turning basin to create a port. They laid out the town site and called it Port Mansfield. The ship channel was completed in 1962, slicing across shallow Laguna Madre through Padre Island into the Gulf of Mexico.
Launching ramps, marine supplies, docking facilities, and both wet and dry storage are available. Fishing is available by boat or from piers in Laguna Madre with deep-sea fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. Charter boats are available.
Port Mansfield's surrounding salt flats and small spoil islands support an amazing variety of resident and migratory birds. The nearby Laguna Madre area is well-known among birders.
The town also is home to U.S. Weather Bureau and U.S. Coast Guard stations.
Ranches & Rodeos | Adrian
Ranches & Rodeos | Washington
Shopping | Belton


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Thread: Dark Moonlight Gourami?
08-19-2013, 11:41 PM #1Member Angelfish
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Dark Moonlight Gourami?
About 10 months ago I purchased an unknown(I say unknown because I don't really remember the name, sorry!)gourami for $15 at a LFS and put it in my tropical pond, where it lives with a large variety of fish. The gourami was mostly black, and it had a slight greenish-blue shine to it. It for sure wasn't a variation of the blue/gold gourami, because I can easily tell the diffirence due to having quite a few diffirent colored gourami already in the pond(Yes, they do get along very well. The pond is around 5 by 7 feet and I have put plenty of hiding areas just in case, but there has never been any need. They get along better than the 2 pearl gourami in my 55 gallon. They even like to hang out with a huge angel fish). Anyways, I recently purchased a moonlight gourami from the same place for $10, mainly because I was hoping its white color would stick out and give a nice touch to the gourami variation. Turns out, when I put it in, it looked just like the unknown gourami for 8 months ago! Well, from top view. I was thinking it would be white from above, but it looks grayish-black and shiny from the top, just like the other one. Then it hit me. The one I purchased long ago must have been a color variation of the moonlight gourami itself. This is odd to me because I thought this was only done with the blue and gold kind. I mean, there's a black, blue, gold, black-gold, light blue, dark blue, and a few other variations of these, but I never imagined that this was even out there. When I bought it back then, there were only 2 so I guess it is uncommon. I searched around the web for this, and I so far have found nothing.
I would like someone's input on if they have ever seen one of these, and what their idea of this is. They both eat the same way compared to each other gourami, and are pretty much the same other than if you look at them at diffirent angles. I could temporarily take them out and get a good picture if necessary.
Edit: The pond has a built-in deck around it, and there is really no way to possible see fish from side or bottom view unless you take them out. Just wanna clear this up. Also I've had this pond for about a year and a half.Last edited by Loller; 08-19-2013 at 11:44 PM.
08-20-2013, 12:49 AM #2Banned Discus fish
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0I am not aware of any colour variants of this species, which is Trichopodus microlepsis. Aquarium fish will almost certainly be commercially raised usually in the far East. The wild fish is darker, there is a photo in this paper [can't seem to copy the photo, so you'll have to look it up]:
If you do search around, the scientific name of these fish (several of the more common gourami) can be confusing due to errors and corrections since the description by Gunther in 1876. Trichopodus microlepsis is the accepted valid name. [I explain all this here if anyone is interested: http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/a...olepis-177610/ ]
08-21-2013, 11:23 PM #3Member Angelfish
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- Texas
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0Alright. Thanks for the link.
I'm gonna try to get a picture of it or something soon.


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Taking the Adoption Search to Facebook
November 29, 2011
© facebook.com
For most couples, starting a family doesn't really require much—technically just a few moments together at the right time of the month. But for others, it can be a much more challenging endeavor, including months if not years of trying to have a baby, tough decisions to be made about fertility treatments and/or adoption, a significant financial investment, and more than a little luck. But now, a growing number of couples in the quest to start or expand their family through adoption are finding they already have a (free) tool they didn't know they had: Facebook.
With over 800 million active users, Facebook is now being used more and more by couples trying to adopt, in the hopes that a friend, a friend of a friend, or even a stranger may be able to help them find a baby in need of a home. Taking a couple's adoption search to Facebook is cheap (free, if one doesn't buy any advertising), fast and allows hopeful parents-to-be to reach a wide audience. Some adoption agencies now allow families to make use of Facebook, among other websites, to find birth mothers, and couples seeking private adoptions (those done legally but without using an adoption agency for placement) have expanded their search from word-of-mouth networking, newspaper advertisements, and adoption-specific websites to Facebook as well. Families for Private Adoption (FPA), a non-profit volunteer group in the Washington, D.C. area that provides support and education (not placement services) to couples considering or in the process of private adoption, now includes how-to information on using Facebook and the Internet as a marketing tool for couples seeking to adopt in its biannual private adoption workshops.
Plus: One Family's Successful Story of Adoption through Facebook
Angela Lores, the mother of a son adopted in January of this year, as well as a speaker at recent FPA workshops, explained that she joined Facebook to help get the word out when she and her husband were looking to adopt. There, she created both a page and a group for the couple's adoption journey, and said that while ultimately she didn't find her son through Facebook, the support she received along the way and upon successful completion of the adoption was immeasurable. She adds that many hopeful adoptive couples support other couples in the same situation, passing along leads when something isn't right for them, and alerting each other to potential adoption scams. She plans to use the site again when they're ready to expand their family.
Plus: A Mother's Story of Her Daughter's Open Adoption
For many couples, though, an adoption search is often a relatively private matter, given the potential for heartbreak along the way, which can make broadcasting one's search on Facebook feel painfully public at times. One such couple is Emily and Matt (who asked that their last names not be used for privacy reasons), who popped up in my own Facebook feed this summer. Emily and I had gone to college together (traveling together in Europe and West Africa), and she and Matt married just two weeks after graduation (after having known each other since sixth grade and dating since high school)—and then seemed to fall off the face of the earth (at least I could never find her on Facebook!). I recently reached out to her to ask how someone who was so private for so long had come to Facebook to share a very personal struggle to build a family.
Plus: Answers to Obnoxious Adoption Questions
Emily explained that after years of trying to get pregnant (including three unsuccessful rounds of IVF), she and Matt ultimately chose to pursue adoption in the fall of 2008, at first internationally. "We love the idea of adoption, and there are kids that need to be adopted. The idea of having any kind of biological connection didn't seem at all important to us any longer."
Plus: Adjusting to Life Post-Adoption
After being on a waiting list for an Ethiopian adoption for two-and-a-half years and remaining at the ready that whole time, they removed their names from the list and changed gears this past spring, deciding to try to adopt domestically, in part because of the greater transparency in domestic adoptions and greater certainty that a birth mother was making this decision of her own free will. Because their adoption agency didn't do domestic adoptions in their home state of Maryland, Emily and Matt eventually decided to pursue private adoption and found their way to an FPA workshop in May where they learned that pursuing private adoption would basically be a full-time job, because the onus would now be on them to get the word out about their search. Despite not even having a Facebook profile of her own, Emily jumped in, creating one for herself, an adoption page for the couple, Emily and Matt Are Hoping to Adopt, and a website separate from Facebook, emilyandmattadopt.com.
Less than two months later, the couple had a solid lead through friends of friends on Facebook: a young woman in another state who was pregnant and considering adoption. They spoke with her and her family in the following months, received sonogram images and regular updates from her prenatal appointments, and ultimately all agreed to the adoption. Emily and Matt, who both teach at the college level, and who share a home with Emily's parents, planned their fall teaching schedules around their expected arrival (including Emily canceling two of her classes to be with the baby full-time), so that they would never need to use a daycare or outside childcare. But, in the end, after the couple had traveled to the hospital for the birth, held the baby and prepared to leave the hospital as parents, the young woman changed her mind the morning of their discharge, leaving a message for them via a social worker that they would have to leave empty-handed. For now, they continue to try to spread the word of their search and hope that fate—or Facebook—renders them parents in the end.


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(RNN) - It's the most wonderful time of the year - college football bowl season. Stock up on the Rotel, order some pizza, fluff your favorite couch pillow and get ready to enjoy three solid weeks of nothing but football.
Here's a look at the 2012 bowl schedule.
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mike. i was in a band. i like icarly. i have a few friends. i like a girl. i like pro wrestling. i have bad hygiene.


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CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- As two Montgomery police officers allegedly beat Twan Reynolds last September, their superior officer says, he was trying to stop them.
Montgomery Lt. J.D. Burrow says Patrolmen Matthew Leavitt and Shawn Hutchinson threatened to arrest him when he tried to stop them from attacking Reynolds.
He also says that race - the fact that Reynolds is black and his wife is white - played into the reported brutality of what happened.
Reynolds and his wife, Lauren, say Leavitt and Hutchinson hit Reynolds in the head with a blackjack, kicked him in the back and sprayed him in the eyes with pepper spray at close range following a traffic stop at the 7-Eleven in Montgomery on Sept. 26.
They are suing the two officers and the town.
They also say Leavitt repeatedly used a racial epithet against Reynolds. Lauren Reynolds accused Leavitt of licking her on the neck during an interrogation and saying, "Little whore, you like it like that."
"These guys were on their own. They felt like they could do what they want," Burrow said last week. "It seemed like they always had that little leeway to do what they wanted to, to me."
'Aren't you going to help?'
Burrow said he was on patrol when he saw Leavitt and Hutchinson driving to the 7-Eleven with lights flashing, according to a statement Burrow provided to the city of Montgomery. (The statement was obtained by the Gazette-Mail through the Reynoldses' lawyer, Mike Clifford.)
Reynolds followed the officers to the store, where they had Lauren and Twan Reynolds pulled over. Burrow says he overheard Lauren repeatedly tell Leavitt and Hutchinson that she hadn't been drinking.
When Leavitt and Hutchinson walked around to Twan Reynolds' side of the car, Burrow told them he would handle Reynolds, that the two men were neighbors, according to the statement made by Burrow.
"Leavitt told me to shut the [expletive] up. That no one talks to him like that," according to the statement.
Leavitt and Hutchinson pulled Twan Reynolds out of his car and tried to handcuff him. When Reynolds told the men he hadn't done anything that justified arrest, Leavitt pulled out a small blackjack and hit him in the face with it, according to Burrow's statement.
"I said, 'What are you doing?'" Burrow writes in the statement. "I reached in to pull Leavitt away from Twan. Leavitt then hit Twan in the face with his fist several times. I told Leavitt to stop. ... Leavitt asked me, 'Aren't you going to help?' ... [They] said they would arrest my ass if I didn't step back."
Leavitt reportedly sprayed Reynolds in the face with pepper spray before cuffing him and putting him in Burrow's police cruiser.
Back at city hall, Burrow said he again tried to intervene on the Reynolds-es' behalf.
"Then Hutchinson told me to 'get my [expletive] ass out of the room or he would arrest me,'" Burrow writes in the statement.


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NCPA Digest Finds Independent Community Pharmacies Reducing Health Costs Through Generic Drug Use, Patient Counseling
New Efficiencies, Technology, Services Partially Mitigate Reimbursement Cuts
Nashville, TN (October 10, 2011)
The National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA) today announced the availability of the 2011 NCPA Digest, sponsored by Cardinal Health, a comprehensive survey of the current state of independent community pharmacies. It finds that independent community pharmacies continue evolving to meet patient health needs, reduce costs, and remain a viable small business model amid a tough economic landscape, declining prescription drug reimbursements by public and private health plans, and rising expenses, such as employee salaries.
"The 2011 NCPA Digest, sponsored by Cardinal Health, offers further proof of the adaptability and innovation of independent community pharmacists as they try to overcome significant challenges to keep serving patients," said B. Douglas Hoey, RPh, MBA, NCPA executive vice president and CEO. "By offering a variety of patient-friendly niches to complement the prescription drugs they dispense, independent community pharmacies continue to distinguish themselves from their competitors and win kudos from patients."
"Community pharmacists continue to play a vital role in improving health outcomes while reducing costs," Hoey added. "First, the Digest indicates that community pharmacists reached new highs in promoting the appropriate use of lower-cost generic drugs. Second, they are providing critical, face-to-face patient counseling on the proper use of medications, and on combating diabetes and other common conditions. These clinically trained, small business health care providers stand ready to reduce costs further, such as through coordinated care models, so long as the unsustainable rate of reimbursement cuts ceases."
Now in its 79th year, the NCPA Digest provides these noteworthy 2010 findings:
- Fueled by declining reimbursement rates and rising business costs, the number of total independent community pharmacies decreased slightly from 23,117 to 23,064.
- The average independent community pharmacy's pretax net profit margin fell from 3.2 percent to 3.0 percent,
- Approximately 92 percent of revenue is derived from the sale of prescription drugs.
- Continuing to fill the void in underserved areas, the number of independent community pharmacies in areas of 20,000 people or less, remained constant at 52 percent.
- There was a small decline in the average amount of prescription drugs dispensed from 64,635 to 64,169, although the number of refills increased slightly.
- Independent community pharmacies set a new high in generic drug utilization, increasing their "generic dispensing rate" from 69 percent to 72 percent.
- The number of prescription drugs dispensed under the Medicare Part D program remains at 30 percent. In a sign of the tough economy, the number of Medicaid prescription drugs dispensed rose from 14 percent to 16 percent.
- Home delivery (76 percent of pharmacies offer it free of charge) and compounding (66 percent) remained among the most common niche services offered by independent community pharmacies.
- Disease state management services (immunization, blood pressure monitoring, diabetes training, etc.) or medication therapy management (MTM) service were offered by 78 percent of pharmacies.
- In terms of cutting-edge advancements, 90 percent of independents are connected for e-prescribing and 72 percent use point-of-sale technology.
"Cardinal Health is proud to sponsor the NCPA Digest, which provides vital demographic, business, and financial information about independent community pharmacies," said Jay Williams, vice president of marketing management for Cardinal Health's Retail Pharmacy business. "This important industry resource helps NCPA identify how they can better assist members in providing quality, personalized care to patients and helps pharmacy owners improve their businesses by benchmarking their performance against their peers."
In light of the Digest findings, NCPA reiterated its support for policies to support the patient's choice of pharmacy and to promote pharmacy competition:
- Rejecting the proposed merger of two of the three largest pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) Express Scripts and Medco—opposed by consumer groups, questioned by members of Congress, and currently under Federal Trade Commission review;
- U.S. Senate and House bills the Pharmacy Competition and Consumer Choice Act of 2011(S. 1058 / H.R. 1971), which seek to promote patient choice and address unreasonable pharmacy audits; and
- The Preserving Our Hometown Independent Pharmacies Act (H.R. 1946) to allow independent community pharmacies to collectively bargain for fairer contracts with PBMs, which administer many prescription drug plans and also operate competing mail order pharmacies.
"When 89 percent of prescriptions are covered by third party contracts, which are dominated by PBMs, there should be a focus on achieving a fairer and more competitive pharmacy marketplace," said Robert J. Greenwood, RPh, NCPA president and pharmacy owner in Waterloo, Iowa. "That is why we continue to press our case at every opportunity for these pro-patient, pro-pharmacist policies. We will also continue to work with policymakers and stakeholders on forward-looking issues such as the development of accountable care organizations and state health insurance exchanges."
The National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA®) represents the interests of America's community pharmacists, including the owners of more than 23,000 independent community pharmacies. Together they represent a $93 billion health care marketplace, dispense over 37% of all retail prescriptions, and employ more than 315,000 people, including 62,400 pharmacists. Independent community pharmacists are readily accessible medication experts who can help lower health care spending. They are committed to maximizing the appropriate use of lower-cost generic drugs and reducing the estimated $290 billion that is wasted annually by improper medication use. To learn more go to www.ncpanet.org or read NCPA's blog, The Dose, at http://ncpanet.wordpress.com.
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text: Interactions of a potential plant elicitor mannolipid with plant model membranes Polo Lozano, Damien ; Lins, Laurence ; Ongena, Marc et al Poster (2014, February 07) The use of chemical pesticides causes problems for human health and environment. In this context, there is an increasing interest for alternative products such as biopesticides. Among them, elicitors act ... [more ▼] The use of chemical pesticides causes problems for human health and environment. In this context, there is an increasing interest for alternative products such as biopesticides. Among them, elicitors act on the plants by inducing systemic resistance against diseases caused by fungal, viral, bacterial agents and insects. The target of the elicitors is supposed to be the plant plasma membranes (PPM). The main mechanisms of interaction of many elicitors involve proteic receptors but lipid-based elicitors (LBE) may preferably interact with the lipidic fractions of PPM. However there is no detailed information at the molecular level on the PPM-LBE interactions. Our work is focused on a original synthetic LBE composed of a mannoside linked to a myristic acid. It has potential elicitor activities as shown by the assays on tobacco root cells. These activities could be related to its interaction with the lipidic phase of PPM. Since PPM are complex entities, the analyses of the PPM- molecule interactions are quite difficult. In this context, these interactions were carried out using biomimetic membranes of PPM such as Langmuir monolayers and multilayers. The effects of our molecule on these membranar systems were investigated by biophysical and in silico approaches. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 30 (7 ULg)Impacts of organic matter type and biostimulant products on the growth of wheat and the microbial communities of its rhizosphere under contrasted production systems ; Bodson, Bernard ; Ongena, Marc et al Conference (2014, February 07) Detailed reference viewed: 33 (5 ULg)Do lipid interaction properties of novel rhamnolipids govern their plant - elicitor activities? Nasir, Mehmet Nail ; Crowet, Jean-Marc ; Lins, Laurence et al Poster (2014, February) Detailed reference viewed: 13 (1 ULg)Sugar - based bolaforms as new potential drug delivery system. Importance of the sugar residues in the modulation of the membrane activity Nasir, Mehmet Nail ; Crowet, Jean-Marc ; Lins, Laurence et al Poster (2014, February) Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg)Tandem MS of -new- antibiotics from Bacillus guided by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Debois, Delphine ; ; Cawoy, Hélène et al Conference (2013, December 05) Generally, an antibiotic is thought to have a role in antagonism simply because the producing strain is known to exhibit a potential for pathogen growth inhibition. Some genetic approaches such as PCR ... [more ▼] Generally, an antibiotic is thought to have a role in antagonism simply because the producing strain is known to exhibit a potential for pathogen growth inhibition. Some genetic approaches such as PCR using specific primers or genome mining using known sequence data of close relatives are also used. Nevertheless, none of these methods allows stating for a link between a specific compound and the observed antagonism. Yet MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool to decipher the chemical messengers exchanged by two protagonists [1,2,3;]. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) may be also used, either on extracts [2,3] or directly on the microbial colonies [4]. The presentation will thus be focused on two examples of application of MALDI MSI combined to in situ tandem mass spectrometry. The first presented case will be the antagonism between soilborne strain Paenibacillus polymyxa Pp56 and the fungal phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Using MALDI MSI, we were able to precisely localize each detected antibiotic, allowing discriminating which LI-F lipopeptides (fusaricidin) were really active against the pathogen progression. Besides, the use of in situ MS/MS allowed us to sequence the peptide moiety of several LI-F lipopeptides, showing that some of them are actually a mixture of several forms. The second example concerns the metabolites that are released by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S499 cells following their inoculation on 7 days old tomato roots. We developed specific bioassays for time-course monitoring by MALDI MSI. First analyses revealed an efficient secretion of surfactin by Bacillus cells after 3 days when colonization as biofilm-structured populations is well established. Even if the composition of antibiotic mixture does not greatly evolve over time, after long incubation periods (32 or 35 days post inoculation), new series of compounds are detected in the tomato root -surrounding medium. Structural analysis based on exact mass measurements and MS/MS experiments, performed directly on the semi-solid agar medium, allowed us to identify these compounds as new variants of surfactins. [1] Barger, S., et al., Anton Leeuw Int J G, 2012, 102, 435-445. [2] Hoefler, B. C., et al,. Natl Acad Sci USA, 2012, 109, 13082-13087. [3] Moree, W. J., et al., Natl Acad Sci USA, 2012, 109, 13811-13816. [4] Debois, D., et al., J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2013, 24, 1202-1213 [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 20 (3 ULg)Characterisation of fengycin homologues produced by B. amyloliquefaciens (ET) strain isolated from a salt lake (Eastern Algeria) Ait Kaki, Asma ; ; et al Poster (2013, November 15) Detailed reference viewed: 9 (1 ULg)LIPID INTERACTION PROPERTIES OF NOVEL RHAMNOLIPIDS Nasir, Mehmet Nail ; Crowet, Jean-Marc ; Lins, Laurence et al Conference (2013, November) Biosurfactants which are surface active molecules produced by micro-organisms present a wide structural diversity (glycolipids, lipoaminoacids, lipopeptides, polymers,...) and numerous advantages compared ... [more ▼] Biosurfactants which are surface active molecules produced by micro-organisms present a wide structural diversity (glycolipids, lipoaminoacids, lipopeptides, polymers,...) and numerous advantages compared to their chemically synthesized counterparts. Among glycolipids, rhamnolipids which are secondary metabolites produced mainly by strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have drawn particular attention as they have several interesting biological properties such as antimicrobial, antiphytoviral, zoosporicidal and plant defense elicitor activities [1-3]. It is generally recognized that these activities must be linked to the interaction of these molecules with constituents of biological membranes [4] but the detailed mechanism is far from being fully understood. In our laboratory, new rhamnolipids with various chain lengths and with or without a terminal carboxylic acid function were obtained via the development of a synthesis procedure consisting of two biocatalyzed steps involving naringinase and lipase [5]. The objective of this work was to investigate their interaction with model membranes in relation with their structure in order to give insight about the mechanism of their biological action. A range of complementary experimental and modelling methods was used to analyze their interaction with membrane models. Results reveal differential interaction with lipids according to the structure of the rhamnolipid. The nature of the lipid is also a key parameter for the ınteractions. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 40 (18 ULg)INFLUENCE OF THE NATURE OF SUGAR RESIDUES ON THE INTERACTIONS OF SYMETRIC SUGAR- BASED BOLAFORMS WITH MODEL MEMBRANES Nasir, Mehmet Nail ; Crowet, Jean-Marc ; Lins, Laurence et al Poster (2013, November) Glycolipid surfactants constitute a class of natural compound having interest in biological field such as antifungal, antiviral and plant-elicitor and for pharmaceutical formulation as well as for food ... [more ▼] Glycolipid surfactants constitute a class of natural compound having interest in biological field such as antifungal, antiviral and plant-elicitor and for pharmaceutical formulation as well as for food and cosmetic field. Their action may be modulated through their interactions with plasma membranes of target cells and more particularly by their interactions with membrane lipid molecules. Among glycolipid surfactants, bolaforms constitute an important class; they are composed of two hydrophilic heads connected by a hydrophobic carbon segment.Their interest lies mainly in the development of the efficient and low cost lipid-based drug delivery systems. In this context, our work was focused on two sugar-based bolaforms. They are composed by two identical hydrophilic head constituted by xylose ( BolaX) or rhamnose ( BolaR), connected by an ether link to a hydrocarbon segment with an insaturation. The interactions of BolaX and BolaR with model phopsholipid and phospholipid/sterol model membranes (Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface and multilamellar vesicles) were investigated with biophysical and in silico approaches. Our results indicate that both bolaforms interact with model membranes at the level of hydrocarbon chain and, at the phosphate and the carbonyl group of phospholipids. The presence of sterol in the system has an influence on insertion of bolaforms and change slightly the nature of the interactions. The insertion of BolaR within a phospholipid bilayer was deeper than that of BolaX and its interactions with phospholipids were energetically more favorable, suggesting an important role of the nature of sugar residue. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 30 (13 ULg)Reprogramming of fatty acid and oxylipin synthesis in rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance in tomato ; Fauconnier, Marie-Laure ; Ongena, Marc et al in Plant Molecular Biology (2013), Online First Articles The rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida BTP1 stimulates induced systemic resistance (ISR) in tomato. A previous work showed that the resistance is associated in leaves with the induction of the first enzyme ... [more ▼] The rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida BTP1 stimulates induced systemic resistance (ISR) in tomato. A previous work showed that the resistance is associated in leaves with the induction of the first enzyme of the oxylipin pathway, the lipoxygenase (LOX), leading to a faster accumulation of its product, the free 13-hydroperoxy octadecatrienoic acid (13-HPOT), 2 days after Botrytis cinerea inoculation. In the present study, we further investigated the stimulation of the oxylipin pathway: metabolites and enzymes of the pathway were analyzed to understand the fate of the 13-HPOT in ISR. Actually the stimulation began upstream the LOX: free linolenic acid accumulated faster in P. putida BTP1-treated plants than in control. Downstream, the LOX products 13-fatty acid hydroperoxides esterified to galactolipids and phospholipids were more abundant in bacterized plants than in control before infection. These metabolites could constitute a pool that will be used after pathogen attack to produce free fungitoxic metabolites through the action of phospholipase A2, which is enhanced in bacterized plants upon infection. Enzymatic branches which can use as substrate the fatty acid hydroperoxides were differentially regulated in bacterized plants in comparison to control plants, so as to lead to the accumulation of the most fungitoxic compounds against B. cinerea. Our study, which is the first to demonstrate the accumulation of an esterified defense metabolite during rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance, showed that the oxylipin pathway is differentially regulated. It suggests that this allows the plant to prepare to a future infection, and to respond faster and in a more effective way to B. cinerea invasion. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 16 (7 ULg)Plant defense stimulation by natural isolates of Bacillus depends on efficient surfactin production Cawoy, Hélène ; ; et al in Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions [=MPMI] (2013) Detailed reference viewed: 68 (27 ULg)MALDI-FTICR MS Imaging as a Powerful Tool to Identify Paenibacillus Antibiotics Involved in the Inhibition of Plant Pathogens Debois, Delphine ; Ongena, Marc ; Cawoy, Hélène et al in Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (2013), 24(8), 1202-1213 Nowadays, microorganisms are more and more often used as biocontrol agents for crop protection against diseases. Among them, bacteria of Bacillus and Paenibacillus genders are already used as commercial ... [more ▼] Nowadays, microorganisms are more and more often used as biocontrol agents for crop protection against diseases. Among them, bacteria of Bacillus and Paenibacillus genders are already used as commercial biocontrol agents. Their mode of action is supposed to be related to their production of antibiotics, such as cyclic lipopeptides, which exhibit great antimicrobial activities. We chose to work with a Paenibacillus polymyxa strain (Pp56) very resistant to various microorganisms. The bacteria were grown simultaneously with Fusarium oxysporum and we applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry to identify the antibiotics compounds present in the fungus growth inhibition area. We, therefore, identified fusaricidins A, B, and C and numerous members of the LI-F antibiotics family. MALDIFTICR mass spectrometry imaging was then used to follow the diffusion of lipopeptides involved in the inhibitory activity over time. We analyzed the molecular content of the inhibitory area at different Pp56 and Fusarium incubation durations and concluded that some lipopeptides such as fusaricidin B and a mixture of LI-F05b/06b/08a were mainly involved in the defense mechanism of Pp56. Our study confirms that MALDI imaging may be a powerful tool to quickly determine which molecular species is involved in an antagonism with another microorganism, avoiding time-consuming steps of extraction, purification, and activity tests, which are still commonly used in microbiology. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 21 (11 ULg)Eliciteurs dérivés de rhamnolipides : synthèses, modélisations et activités biologiques ; ; et al Poster (2013, July 04) Detailed reference viewed: 31 (5 ULg)Nouvelles alternatives aux pesticides chimiques: élucidation des modes d'action d'éliciteurs lipidiques végétaux par des approches biophysiques et biologiques complémentaires Deleu, Magali ; Ongena, Marc Conference (2013, July 03) Detailed reference viewed: 13 (5 ULg)Development of formulated elicitors to control bioagressors of wheat Le Mire, Géraldine ; Deleu, Magali ; Ongena, Marc et al Scientific conference (2013, July) Detailed reference viewed: 32 (14 ULg)Distribution and identification of molecular interactions between tomato roots and bacterial biofilms Debois, Delphine ; ; Smargiasso, Nicolas et al Poster (2013, June 12) Some non-pathogenic microorganisms evolving in the root micro-environment can trigger a positive effect on plant, increasing host defense against disease or/and directly inhibiting growth of pathogen in ... [more ▼] Some non-pathogenic microorganisms evolving in the root micro-environment can trigger a positive effect on plant, increasing host defense against disease or/and directly inhibiting growth of pathogen in soil (1). To initiate both phenomena leading to biocontrol activity, microorganisms use plant exudates to grow on roots and to produce in-situ active compounds. In Bacilli, cyclic lipopeptides of the surfactin, iturin and fengycin families represent important antibiotics involved in biocontrol (2). Recent studies in microbiology allowed a better understanding of plant microorganism interactions but few has been done at the molecular level. In this study, MALDI MS imaging has been used to study the nature of the secreted lipopeptide molecules, their relative quantity and their distribution in the root's environment.Disinfected tomato seeds were first germinated at 28°C in sterile conditions for germination. Seedlings were then placed in Petri dish on ITO glass slide recovered with a thin layer of plant nutritive solution containing 1,75% of agar and treated with freshly-grown cells of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S499. Petri dishes were incubated at 28°C with a 16h photoperiod. Different growth / incubation durations were studied: 10/3; 13/7; 21/14 and 39/32. For MALDI imaging experiments, the ITO slide was removed from the agar and dried in a dessiccator under vacuum. (HCCA, 5mg/mL in ACN/0.2% TFA 70:30) was used as matrix. UltraFlex II TOF/TOF and Solarix FT-ICR mass spectrometers were used to record molecular cartographies and perform MS/MS experiments for structural analysis purposes. The average mass spectra recorded around the tomato root (2-3 mm on both sides of the root) showed that lipopeptides were major compounds detected on the agar. The relative intensity of lipopeptides families varied with respect to the age of the root/biofilm system. In the 10/3 system, 3 homologues of surfactins were essentially detected (C13, C14 and C15), with very few iturins and fengycins. Their localizations were identical, whatever the considered homologue. Then the production of iturin and fengycin families increases in older systems (13/7 and 21/14) and a novel homologue of surfactin is detected (C12). Some variations in localizations within families may be observed (around the root or at the close vicinity of it in function of the considered homologue or alkali adduct). Then for the oldest system we studied, iturins and fengycins are not detected anymore and the localization of surfactins is less precise. In the 39/32 system, we also detected unknown compounds at 986.6, 1000.6, 1014.7 and 1028.7 m/z. The mass range of these compounds allied to the mass difference between two consecutive ion peaks let us think that these unknown compounds could be a new lipopeptide family. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments, performed on the dried culture medium, allowed to partially sequence these new lipopeptides. MS/MS results allied to exact mass measurements and isotopic pattern simulation give good confidence in the chemical structure we suggest. Nevertheless, to fully identify these new variants of surfactin, micro-extractions followed by (LC)-nano-ESI-MS/MS using a LESA module are in progress. MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging becomes a tool to decipher inter-species molecular communication. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 52 (9 ULg)What are the main metabolites responsible for the biocontrol potential of Bacillus strains? Cawoy, Hélène ; Thonart, Philippe ; Ongena, Marc Conference (2013, May 21) Detailed reference viewed: 21 (6 ULg)What are the main metabolites responsible for the biocontrol potential of Bacillus strains ? Cawoy, Hélène ; Thonart, Philippe ; Ongena, Marc Poster (2013, February 08) Detailed reference viewed: 8 (3 ULg)Characterization of amylolysin, a novel lantibiotic from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GA1 ; Ongena, Marc ; et al in PLoS ONE (2013), 8(12), Background: Lantibiotics are heat-stable peptides characterized by the presence of thioether amino acid lanthionine and methyllanthionine. They are capable to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria ... [more ▼] Background: Lantibiotics are heat-stable peptides characterized by the presence of thioether amino acid lanthionine and methyllanthionine. They are capable to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus cereus, the causative agents of food-borne diseases or nosocomial infections. Lantibiotic biosynthetic machinery is encoded by gene cluster composed by a structural gene that codes for a pre-lantibiotic peptide and other genes involved in pre-lantibiotic modifications, regulation, export and immunity. Methodology/Findings: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GA1 was found to produce an antimicrobial peptide, named amylolysin, active on an array of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin resistant S. aureus. Genome characterization led to the identification of a putative lantibiotic gene cluster that comprises a structural gene (amlA) and genes involved in modification (amlM), transport (amlT), regulation (amlKR) and immunity (amlFE). Disruption of amlA led to loss of biological activity, confirming thus that the identified gene cluster is related to amylolysin synthesis. MALDI-TOF and LC-MS analysis on purified amylolysin demonstrated that this latter corresponds to a novel lantibiotic not described to date. The ability of amylolysin to interact in vitro with the lipid II, the carrier of peptidoglycan monomers across the cytoplasmic membrane and the presence of a unique modification gene suggest that the identified peptide belongs to the group B lantibiotic. Amylolysin immunity seems to be driven by only two AmlF and AmlE proteins, which is uncommon within the Bacillus genus. Conclusion/Significance: Apart from mersacidin produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains Y2 and HIL Y-85,544728, reports on the synthesis of type B-lantibiotic in this species are scarce. This study reports on a genetic and structural characterization of another representative of the type B lantibiotic in B. amyloliquefaciens. Copyright: © 2013 Arguelles Arias et al. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 9 (1 ULg)Limited impact of abiotic stress on surfactin production in planta and on disease resistance induced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S499 in tomato and bean ; ; et al in FEMS Microbiology Ecology (2013), 86(3), 505-519 Understanding how temperature and water stress affect protocooperation between plants and beneficial rhizobacteria may enhance the efficacy of biocontrol agents in reducing plant diseases. However, little ... [more ▼] Understanding how temperature and water stress affect protocooperation between plants and beneficial rhizobacteria may enhance the efficacy of biocontrol agents in reducing plant diseases. However, little is known about the impact of these factors on biocontrol mechanisms and effectiveness, especially when provided by beneficial Bacillus spp. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of low/high temperature combined with a normal and reduced water regime on the interaction between Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain S499 and plants, resulting in the induction of systemic resistance (ISR). A reduction in ISR level was observed when plants were subjected to stress before bacterization; however, root treatment with S499 prior to stress exposure attenuated this negative effect. Colonization of S499 during exposure to temperature/water stress allowed the three crops to conserve their overall ability to mount defense lines to a similar degree at all the temperatures tested. Further investigation revealed that relative production of surfactin by S499 was clearly enhanced at low temperature, making it possible to counter-balance the negative effect on traits associated with rhizosphere fitness (colonization, motility, and biofilm formation) observed in vitro in cold conditions. This work thus represents a first step in deciphering the effect of high/low temperatures and/or drought on key plant-microorganism interactions culminating in ISR. © 2013 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 7 (0 ULg)Biofilm formation on metal structured packing for the production of high added value biomolecules Zune, Quentin ; Zune, Quentin ; Toye, Dominique et al in Récents Progrès en Génie des Procédés (2013) Many white biotechnology bioprocesses apply techniques from chemical engineering based on bioreactors with mechanical stirring system commonly employed in pharmaceutical sector, food industry or energy ... [more ▼] Many white biotechnology bioprocesses apply techniques from chemical engineering based on bioreactors with mechanical stirring system commonly employed in pharmaceutical sector, food industry or energy field (Dasilva, 2004). As in chemical engineering, scale-up of these bioprocesses induces physicochemical constraints that affect physiological pathways and decrease performances. In this context, it is essential to think new bioprocesses better suited to physiology of microorganisms, minimizing physicochemical constraints. The aim of this work consists to use stainless steel structured packing (SSP) with high specific area (500-750 m²/m³) as inert support for biomass immobilization in order to produce high added value biomolecules. These bioreactors are biocatalysts in which microbial system is immobilized biomass on the form of a biofilm performing bioconversion of a substrate into a specific product (Rosche, 2009). In this study, an experimental setting containing a SSP reproduces solid-state fermentation (SSF) like conditions. Two well known microorganisms for their ability to form biofilm and secrete metabolites are tested in the experimental setting : Bacillus subtilis for its lipopeptides and Aspergillus oryzae for its glucoamylase. Effectiveness of the bioprocess in term of dynamic of the excretion of the target biomolecule is compared with a classical submerged culture (SmF). For lipopeptides production from B. subtilis, SSP is located in a 20L bioreactor continuously aspersed by liquid medium required to the growth of the biofilm. In the case of A. oryzae, the SSP is partially immerged in a 250 mL shake flask. X-ray tomography of the SSP allows non-invasive visualization and quantification of biofilm repartition inside the support. Implementation of SSP permits almost total immobilization of biomass on the form of a mono-species biofilm to the detriment of the liquid phase. Processing of images obtained by X-ray tomography of the SSP provides relevant information for the optimization of the bioprocess. For both microorganism species, results indicate the influence of parameters such as hydrodynamics, aeration rate and microorganism specificity, on the biofilm morphology inside the support and the performances of the bioprocess. SSF-like conditions in the experimental setting lead to technologic progress, such as absence of foam formation, persistence of the microbial system, and improve the dynamic of metabolites excretion compared with conditions imposed by the submerged culture. Further experiment will consider hydrodynamics aspects and amount of carbon source on effectiveness of the bioprocess. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 55 (25 ULg) |


text:
There are several ways of enhancing your education: minor, second major, second degree, or an advanced degree.
A minor is a secondary field of study or specialization and typically involves just a few additional courses. The requirements are listed in the undergraduate catalog (see item #10). Additional information is available regarding minors in Business, Computer Science, and Arts and Sciences (including Mathematics and Physics).
To enhance job opportunities, to keep options open for future career development or to satisfy personal interest, students sometimes would like to pursue academic programs in two different areas. This may be accomplished by obtaining a baccalaureate degree in one field of interest and a second degree in another field. Receiving two degrees requires taking a minimum of 30 credit hours more than that required for a single degree. Alternatively, if the subject areas lie within a single college and are closely related, one may obtain a single baccalaureate degree with two majors, also called second major. The second major is an appropriate choice for students who would like to pursue academic programs in both electrical engineering and computer engineering. In the following, the requirements for this option are discussed. Complete information is in the undergraduate catalog (see "requirements for a second undergraduate degree" and for second major see "changes in registration").
To receive a BS degree with a second major, the student should declare one major as the primary major, fulfill the requirements for the BS degree in that major, and in parallel satisfy the degree requirements for a BS degree in the second major. When the application for graduation is filed, the student will indicate the name of the major and of the second major on the form. The transcript will indicate the two majors for which the degree requirements have been satisfied. However, the degree certificate will show only the name of the primary major.
A student can receive either a BS degree in electrical engineering (BSEE) with a second major in computer engineering or a BS degree in computer engineering (BSCmpE) with a second major in electrical engineering. To satisfy the requirements of both computer engineering and electrical engineering majors with minimum additional hours, the student should choose the electives judiciously. A detailed comparison of BSEE and BSCmpE curricula is shown in the pages listed.
The new Fast-Track BS+MS five-year program is designed to attract exceptional TTU ECE seniors to stay at Tech for one additional year to obtain the MSECE degree. More information is on the fast-track BS+MS program web page.