text:
The war against Iraq began when that country invaded and overran the country of Kuwait on August 12, 1990. Evidently the war did not end with the ejection of Iraqi forces from Kuwait as a result of air-ground operations called "Desert Storm" in February 1991. For U.S., French and British aircraft continued flights over Iraq to prevent Iraqi air force operations within air exclusion zones and to suppress air defenses that could interfere with allied air surveillance of the country. At the same time, United Nations inspection teams attempted to locate and destroy those Iraqi facilities that could produce and deploy so-called "weapons of mass-destruction." That effort ended with the ejection of the U.N. teams who were only permitted back in country in 2002 under the auspices of Hans Blix. The failure of Iraq to comply satisfactorily with U.N. demands for free inspection of Iraqi facilities left the war effectively undecided and created circumstances where full-scale military operations are now necessary by Britain and the United States and a coalition that does not include NATO members France and Germany.
The question for the United States, central to its operations against Iraq, is how the Iraq War, the one that began in August 1990 and the expansion of that war today, serves the strategic defense of the United States. The defense of the United States, a constitutional obligation of its government, extends to the territory of the United States, the general citizenry, their way of life, their means of livelihood, and the Constitution under which they govern themselves. Strategic defense is aimed at the safety of the United States at home and the exercise of freedom of action abroad aimed at promoting that safety. Peace and good order abroad ensures the strategic defense of the United States rendering military measures of defense unnecessary. But there is not peace and good order in the world, nor has there been since long before the founding of the American Republic. At what point the strategic defense of the United States should compel intervention abroad remains, as it has been since 1898, the baffling question for those Americans concerned with the safety of the Republic. Should the United States wait until circumstances abroad have so far deteriorated that the safety of the United States is in obvious jeopardy or take measures that will forestall that deterioration? Which course of action is the most economical in terms of the expenditures of American lives and American resources, for in the end it is the general citizenry who bear the cost in lives lost or disrupted and in the resources that those citizens generate through their labor, industry and ingenuity.
It is with such questions in mind that the war with Iraq must be considered.
The Origins of the Current Crisis
It seems to have been easy to forget that hostilities with Iraq have been going on since 1990 when that country invaded Kuwait.
On July 29, 1990, the "Tall King" radar, supplied to Iraq by the Soviet Union, began operations in southern Iraq. With a range of 350 miles, this radar which had not been operational for "many, many months," enabled Iraq to oversee air activity in Kuwait and as far south as Riyadh in Saudi Arabia and over the Persian Gulf to Bahrain and Qatar.1 A Soviet reconnaissance satellite, Cosmos 2089, launched on August 2, began a low orbit over the region taking photographs that were dropped over and recovered in the Soviet Union while the satellite continued its mission for two months more. On August 31 a second such satellite, Cosmos 2099, was launched with a similar mission.2
According to an article in Literaturnaya Gazeta (Moscow) September 12, 1990, the Soviet intelligence services, the GRU and KGB, knew of the Iraqi preparations for war against Kuwait but were uncertain of the date when the invasion would start.3 On September 15, the Soviet Defense Minister stated that 178 Iraqi military personnel were being trained at various sites in the Soviet Union and would not return home until their training was complete in November.4 In 1989, the year before the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, there were 16,660 Soviet and East European "economic technicians," 10,000 more from Communist China, and 1,350 Soviet and East European "military technicians" in Iraq. The Central Intelligence Agency did not know, or at least did not record for public information, the number of Chinese military technicians present in Iraq.5
The Soviet Defense Minister, in his statement of September 18, 1990, stated that Soviet military advisers in Iraq "were not taking part in military actions and would not be recalled until their contracts expired." The warnings of war collected by the Soviet intelligence apparatus in Iraq were not passed to the United States "because the Soviet leadership was too pre-occupied with their relations with the United States." In Moscow's scheme of things, support for Iraqi policy had a higher priority than any amiable gesture toward the United States, despite the ending of what was called the Cold War: that great confrontation between the Eastern powers and the democratic nations of the West. Despite the fact that the Soviet Union aligned itself with the coalition organized by the United States to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait, Soviet military advisers continued to work with the Iraqi armed forces, even assisting in the firing of SCUD missiles against targets in Saudi Arabia and Israel.6
The alliance between Russia and Iraq should have come as a surprise to no one. Soviet interests in Iraq were clearly manifest with the withdrawal of Iraq from the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) in 1959. Turkey and Iraq formed the Baghdad Pact that was at the heart of CENTO in 1955, with the subsequent adherence of Iran, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, and eventually the United States. The revolution in Iraq in 1958 that overthrew King Faisal and his government, which saw the execution of the king and his principal ministers, was managed by a military coup d'Etat. There followed in 1964, the creation of Iraq as an Arab Islamic Republic.7 By 1969 the equipment of Iraqi armed forces reflected Soviet influence in the country. Three-quarters of that equipment had become Soviet, where before the revolution it had been chiefly British or American.8
In the period between the overthrow of the monarchy and the invasion of Kuwait in 1990, the population of Iraq grew from just over six million to nearly 19 million while its annual gross national product increased from about $2 billion to over $35 billion. That is despite the eight-year war with Iran, which ended in 1988. The industrial development of Iraq was greatly assisted by loans and credits from Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union amounting to nearly $3 billion with an additional $1.2 billion from Communist China.9 That was in addition to the military assistance granted to Iraq from the same sources. That is, over the years from the Iraqi revolution to the invasion of Kuwait, Iraq had become a client state of the Soviet Union. Yet the Peoples Republic of China had delivered 1,500 T-59 and T-69II tanks to Iraq by 1988.
A fact easily neglected in looking back on the years leading to the 1990 war with Iraq is that the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988 saw both sides armed by China and the Soviet Union or Soviet client-states. The chief suppliers to Iran were Libya, North Korea and Viet Nam. Since those countries were supplied with either Soviet or Chinese equipment, or both, it is difficult to conclude that military support for Iran was not endorsed first by the original donors. And in the course of war, there were 625 Soviet and East European military advisers in Iran. All of that while the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Romania were the chief suppliers of armor, artillery, aircraft and air defense weapons to the Iraqis. And in the process, both Iraq and Iran came to be equipped with the Soviet SCUD ballistic missile and the capability to manufacture and improve such missiles.10
The Iran-Iraq War seemed, at the time, to be just one more of the sets of rivalries that have often characterized the Middle East since before the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. But that war had its curious anomalies, not the least of which was the supply of arms to both sides by the Soviet Union or its client-states and by the Peoples Republic of China.
Consider the political circumstances surrounding events. Saddam Hussein became leader of Iraq on July 16, 1979. The Ayatollah Khomeini declared Iran to be an Islamic Republic on April 1. His return to Iran in February marked the end of the rule of the Shah who left for Egypt in January 1979. His fate was decided by an uprising beginning with rioting in Qom in January 1978; the spread of violence to other cities was accelerated by a terrible fire set in a movie theater in Abadam in August. This while events in Afghanistan were creating the circumstances for the Soviet invasion of that country.11
In April 1978, Nur Mohammed Taraki seized power in Afghanistan, killing President Daoud, his family and members of this government. That only four weeks after President Daoud had traveled to Pakistan to reverse the Afghan policy aiming at the fragmentation of that country. The Shah of Iran had encouraged that change in Afghan policy and supported President Daoud's efforts to move out from under Soviet influence.12 Taraki's coup d'Etat placed Afghanistan in the ranks of pro-Soviet nations. The struggle against that policy in Afghanistan continued through successive changes in leadership, all pro-Soviet; and in December 1979, the Soviet Union began its invasion of the country. Iran, for its part, was distracted from events in Afghanistan, first, because of the revolt against the Shah and then the efforts underway by the new regime to consolidate its power in the country by purging its opponents.
In September 1980, Iraq went to war with Iran. That war would continue until a cease-fire in July 1988 and the ending of the war on August 10, 1988. In April 1988 the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its combat units from Afghanistan. In May the withdrawal began and was completed by February 1989. Although the Soviet Union was to have collapsed, Russian advisers remained in Afghanistan at least until 1996, probably longer.
Should one dismiss as a random coincidence the outbreak of the Iraq-Iran War within eight months of the beginning of Soviet military operations into Afghanistan, if eight years later, the Iraq-Iran War ended with a cease-fire within two months after the Soviet Union began withdrawal of its combat forces from Afghanistan? Long-standing Soviet/Russian interests had dictated the invasion of Afghanistan and after eight years, the withdrawal of Soviet forces, leaving Afghanistan devastated in city and countryside, and the Afghanis in a state of internal war that continues to this day. That despite the intervention of the United States and its coalition partners in pursuit of the terrorist organizations deemed responsible for the attacks on the United States in September 2001.
Long-standing Soviet/Russian interests had dictated the arming and equipping of Libya after 1968, Algeria before 1968, Egypt from 1956, Syria since 1957, Yemen, North and South, from before 1969. All of that merely confirms what has long been known about Russian and Soviet interests in the Middle East, interests sufficiently important to cause Moscow to expend considerable monies and other resources to bring countries of the Middle East under its wardship. Even Iran, as a consequence of the Iran-Iraq War, has become a client-state of Moscow, evidence of which is the construction of pipelines and railroads between the two countries, and help in developing Iran's nuclear industry.13 That the Iran-Iraq War was a reflection of the conflicting interests of those two countries is obvious; that the war was in Moscow's interest is inescapable. Both countries would have to look to Russia for support and Russia would come out ahead regardless of who was victorious. In 1990, the "Cold War" was declared at an end; Iraq invaded Kuwait on August 2, 1990.
The Gulf War: Phase One
On August 7, 1990, the United Nations Security Council declared the annexation of Kuwait by Iraq to be "null and void." On August 22, the Soviet foreign minister indicated that his country rejected the use of force beyond enforcement of the embargo against Iraq. The Soviet premier said that 900 of the 7,791 Soviets in Iraq were women and children and would be, probably, evacuated.14
The United States organized a coalition of 34 entities, including the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Afghan Mujahadeen and itself prepared to deploy forces to the region which would amount to over a half-million service men and women to defend Saudi Arabia and eventually expel Iraq from Kuwait. The United Kingdom and France sent naval, air, and ground forces that would take part in the air and ground offensive against Iraq. The Gulf Cooperation Council stationed defense forces in Northern Saudi Arabia. Egypt contributed two armored divisions; Syria sent 19,000 troops; the Soviet Union kept one destroyer on patrol in the region.15
U.S., British, French, Saudi, and Italian aircraft opened the air offensive against Iraqi forces on January 17, 1991; the ground offensive began on February 24. On February 18, there were talks in Moscow between the Iraqi foreign minister and the President of the U.S.S.R. Reports from Syria indicated that the Syrians might withdraw from the coalition and take measures to save Iraq from destruction.16
In a curiously enigmatic action, the Iraqi government sent 120 of its combat aircraft to Iran within days of the opening of the coalition air offensive. Additional aircraft was sent around February 6 before the ground offensive opened.17 By February 20, 1991, according to a Soviet report, "Iraqi operational and tactical units deployed south of the Euphrates had lost 30,000 killed, wounded or missing in action…1500 Iraqi servicemen had surrendered" before the beginning of ground operations by coalition forces.18
In January, before the opening of the coalition air offensive, according to The Times (London), large numbers of Iraqi troops were sent home on leave: "Iraqi officers were paid bonuses for arranging leave for their troops."19 Other than SCUD missile attacks against targets in Saudi Arabia and Israel and defensive air patrols by individual Iraqi aircraft over Iraq, the Iraqi regime chose not to engage coalition forces. The consequences were that the bulk of the Iraqi army was conserved. When, after the Iraq government agreed to a cease-fire, 70,331 captured Iraqi soldiers were repatriated while 13,000 refused to go home, and sought refugee-status in Saudi Arabia.20 By April, five Republican Guard Divisions were being employed to suppress internal resistance to the Iraqi regime. Iraq had not been disarmed, the regime remained in control of the country and used its power to suppress Kurdish and other resistance to the regime.21
Kuwait had been liberated but the U.S. Air Force and the Royal Air Force would have to fly 200,000 air patrols over Iraq to suppress air defenses and enforce the "no-fly zones" between 1991 and 2002. That is, the war was over in 1991, but the war went on as far as air operations were concerned.
Saudi Arabia for whose defense the United States with Britain, France and Italy organized the coalition, suffered the consequences of Christian forces deployed on its soil. To Moslem extremists, the presence of Infidels with their women, driving trucks, flying aircraft and serving as soldiers and marines, was an abomination not to be tolerated on the same territory where the most sacred Islamic holy places were located. Now, the Saudi regime, guardian of those holy places, is caught between modernization and orthodoxy, Westernization and tradition; it remains a fragile, reluctant protectorate, facing an expansion of the war that began in 1990.
It is well to remember, as the United States and the United Kingdom confront the prospect of ground combat against Iraq, that the same elements in the Western World that opposed the war on Iraq in 1990, do so once again.
Opposition: Then and Now
Within eight days of the Iraqi attack on Kuwait, in 1990, such groups as the Workers World Party, the Nicaraguan Solidarity Network, Communist Party of the United States, Democratic Socialists of America, Grey Panthers, Veterans for Peace, National Lawyers Guild, among others, began organizing demonstrations, marches and protests in the National Campaign for Peace in the Middle East.22 Organizations that had demonstrated against U.S. action in Viet Nam, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Columbia, and wherever else Marxist guerrillas were making war, opposed U.S. military operations against Iraq in 1990-1991.
After Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, a marine in Hawaii filed for conscientious objector status, refusing to be deployed with his battalion to the Middle East, citing his opposition to U.S. intervention there. He was evidently supported by anti-Viet Nam war figures, such as the Berrigan brothers and Benjamin Spock. The marine was ultimately discharged from the Corps in December after which he was given a celebratory party in a local "coffee house," not a coffee shop or café.23 Recall that a network of "coffee houses" outside U.S. military installations promoted dissent among armed forces personnel during the war in Viet Nam.
The National Lawyers Guild, for example, organized the Southeast Asia Military Law Project to work with servicemen in Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Okinawa, Viet Nam and Taiwan "and had working relationships with political and anti-war groups" in those locations. In Japan one such group was "Peace to Viet Nam" (Beiheren) that received "unofficial assistance" from the KGB to move American military deserters through the hands of the Soviet Committee of Solidarity with the nations of Africa and Asia, "in the name of the Viet Nam Support Committee" to asylum in Eastern Europe.24 The front groups, cut-out organizations and similar devices were intended to obscure Soviet influence over organizations that supported Soviet foreign policy behind a façade that appealed for solidarity against war and injustice and for human rights, non-intervention and other legitimate causes.
As the St. Louis Post-Dispatch expressed it in a long story on the "Anti-War Campaign," in November 1990, the movement was peopled by veterans, environmentalists, religious organizations, Gray Panthers, homosexual and lesbian groups, Hispanics, and Palestinian rights groups.25 On September 18, 1990, the National Campaign for Peace in the Middle East was organized at the Riverside Church in New York City attracting, among other groups, the Communist Party of the United States, The National Lawyers Guild, Palestinian Solidarity Committee, SANE and the Workers World Party.26
It is hardly surprising that groups influenced or controlled by Moscow should have opposed the use of military force to liberate Kuwait in 1990. Soviet strategic interests had been manifest in the Middle East. Iraq was a Soviet-client state, armed and equipped by Moscow for war. The destruction of that capability was opposed by the Soviet Union because it would change the balance of power in the region. A servant of the Soviet Information Agency, Novosti, in a letter to The Wall Street Journal, pleaded for an end to the war, for the preservation of Iraq and of its regime. If Iraq were not spared, it would create changes in the "balance of forces" in the region, creating greater instability.27
All of those things may seem to be of only historical interest; after all, the coalition was ended without Iraq being occupied by coalition forces or its regime being removed. But the coincidence of the re-occurrence of widespread demonstrations now opposing Britain and the United States using military force to carry out United Nations resolutions to disarm Iraq of its capability to make and employ weapons of mass destruction cannot be dismissed. That is especially true when Russia and China themselves oppose such military action.
If some of the groups seem new to the scene, other names like the National Lawyers Guild and the Institute for Policy Studies are familiar from the anti-Vietnam War movement, and similar movements against U.S. policy abroad.28
Imbedded among the ordinary citizens passionate for peace, the environment, freedom, justice and other laudable causes, are the old " apparatchiks" and their "minders." And while one may believe that Communism was ended with a stroke of the pen in East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and the Soviet Union, the organization remains. Evidence of that in Paris, for example, is the French Communist Party headquarters in the 19th arrondissement: On Le Place de Colonel Fabien, alongside the Arab Institute Party headquarters, is a splendid, six story, glass-fronted building.29 And the French Communist Party is represented in the Senate and National Assembly. The Party for Democratic Socialism (former SED Communist Party in East Germany) is represented in both houses of the German Parliament. And Communist delegates among others are sent to the European Union. And of course the Russian Federation has not purged members of the Communist Party from national or local politics.
The worldwide protests aimed at the United States have had a tidy coordination of peace demonstrations. Die Tageszeitung (Hamburg) listed 38 cities around the world where organizations were planning protests against the Iraq war. Each had its website given; some like the Cape Town site identified the group sponsoring the protest. In Cape Town it was the African National Congress, in Hong Kong it was "United for Peace," in New York , "United for Peace," in Tokyo, "Give Peace a Chance," in Adelaide, Auckland, and Bangkok it was Greenpeace.30 Greenpeace, "protecting the threat of an attack on Iraq," blockaded a British vessel loading military supplies for the Persian Gulf at Marchwood, the military section of Southampton port.31 Evidently saving whales is a real eye-catcher and money-grabber for mobilizing sentiment in support of a more ambitious political purpose.
The New York Times, generally ambivalent toward the strategic defense of the United States and therefore the war on Iraq, took the liberty of pointing out some of the roots of one of the umbrella groups protesting against war on Iraq. "International ANSWER," was, according to the Times, chiefly organized by those "active in the Workers World Party, a radical Socialist group with roots in the Stalin-era Soviet Union." That group, it will be recalled was active in organizing resistance to the war against Iraq in 1990-1991.32
The remarkable coming together of umbrella organizations for catching the crowd from the beginning of the war on Iraq in 1990, suggests that the war on Iraq is so important in international politics as to render it vital to the strategic defense of the United States because it evidently trods on the strategic interests of both Moscow and Peking. Both Moscow and Peking have not only demonstrated a pervasive interest in the Middle East; they have declared their oppositions to any measure that would increase the capability of the United States to defend itself. Declaring it "a milestone in the development of Russia-Chinese relations," the leaders of Russia and China "sealed a strategic partnership" on July 16, 2001, and in doing so condemned the American plan for a missile-defense of the United States.33
Mobilizing the innocent and sincere, the disillusioned, angry, and the dissident to front for the safety of Iraq and its regime, is just one more part of the struggle for the region in hazard.
Iraq and World Politics: An Historical Consideration
Considering that Russia is the strongest military power in Europe, armed with strategic nuclear weapons and China is the strongest military power in Asia and also armed with strategic nuclear weapons, such a "strategic partnership" is a formidable one. A professor at the Institute of Asian and African Studies at Moscow State University said, "The treaty has one purpose…to show the United States that there are two countries that can be together against the United States."34
It is comfortable to assume that what occurs in the Middle East is merely a struggle for influence in that region, when time and again it has been part of a larger struggle for strategic advantage. In the great war between Bourbon and Hapsburg for supremacy in Europe, it was Catholic France that allied with the Moslem Turks against the Catholic Holy Roman Empire. In Napoleon's war against England, he asserted as he dispatched an army from Toulon to Egypt, "You are a wing of the Army (against) England," seizing Egypt is to destroy England.35 In 1889, the German Emperor, Wilhelm II and his Empress journeyed to Constantinople to visit Sultan Abdul Hamid. It had been 700 years since a German Emperor had visited Constantinople. In 1898, Wilhelm II went to Damascus and Jerusalem to deliver his message: "The 300 million Mohammedans who, dwelling dispersed throughout the East, reverence H.M. the Sultan Abdul Hamid, their Khalif, may rest assured that at all times the German Emperor will be their friend."36 Once again a European power bent on supremacy on that continent would enter the realm of the Middle East to find an ally there that would render it a strategic theater of war between 1914-1918.
German policy toward the Middle East was re-awakened in 1940 with the fall of France. For here, once again, was an opportunity to use the Middle East to advance German strategic interests. This time, it was through an appeal to nationalism to foster resistance to Britain in the Palestine Mandate and Iraq and resistance to France in Syria. Haj Al-Husseini, Mufta of Jerusalem, anti-British and sympathetic to Nazi policy toward Jews, "proposed that the Axis powers…recognize the independence of the Arab states and come to a secret agreement with the Iraqi government."37 In the spirit of the Mufti, then resident in Berlin, Rachid Ali and his generals of "the Golden Square" seized power in Baghdad. The German Air Force began the transfer of some units to Baghdad and Damascus. The German Fuehrer in his directive on the Middle East stated:
The Arab Liberation Movement is our natural ally…Strengthening the anti-British forces in the Middle East…disrupting communications and containing British forces and shipping at the expense of other theaters. I have decided to hasten developments in the Middle East by supporting Iraq.38
The overthrow of the Pro-German regime in Baghdad by British forces and the British and Free French resistance to the Vichy French and Germans in Syria left the great number of Germans in Iran as a threat to the supply of war materials to the Soviet Union along the route from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea. Together British and Russian forces entered Teheran on 17 September 1941. That would open the way for the development of the Persian Corridor as the only dependable route for supply of British and American Lend-Lease to the Soviet Armed Forces after the United States entered the war. The Soviet government preferred the route for such supplies to be via the North Cape to Murmansk, a costly route for British and American shipping because of heavy U-boat attacks in the North Atlantic and German air, U-boat and surface vessel attacks on convoys off Norway. The less hazardous route via southern Africa to the Persian Gulf avoided the heavy shipping losses incurred on the Northern route. The Soviet government, however eager to be supplied by the American and British, were not happy about having the British and American involved in Iran and Iraq. But it was the act of succor to Russia that brought the United States into the Middle East to improve railways and highways from Iran to Russia to expand port facilities and construct vehicle assembly plants for the supply of war materials to the Russians. The Middle East became then a U.S. strategic area for the waging of war against the Axis.
The supplies sent to British forces fighting in the Western Desert and the Eastern Mediterranean would lay the foundations for driving the Axis out of North Africa and open the door to Sicily and Southern Italy. Those supplies moved past the Cape of Good Hope through the Red Sea, or if aircraft, along the ferry route from Takoradi to the air depots at Cairo. Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union was intended to strengthen that country's forces and keep the Soviet Union in the war against Germany. Both sets of actions were meant to conserve American manpower engaged against the Axis in Europe and Japan in the Far East. But thus did the United States become directly involved in "that shifting, intractable, and interwoven tangle of conflicting interests, rival peoples and antagonistic faiths…"39
That involvement would not cease with the ending of World War II. For almost immediately the Soviet Union was recognized as contesting for supremacy over Western Europe. And, neither France, nor occupied Germany, nor Great Britain had the strength or capability to meet that challenge alone. If stalemate between East and West was achieved by the West through NATO, it was clear that one part of the perimeter of defense of the United States lay across the Rhine and the southern flank of that perimeter rested on the defense of Turkey. And Turkey, aside from a common border with the Soviet Union and communist Bulgaria, shared borders with Syria, Iraq and Iran. Events in those countries then, as they had in the First and Second World Wars, bore on the defense of Western Europe and therefore on the strategic defense of the United States. The struggle between East and West manifested in Korea in 1950, in Malaya from 1947 through 1952, the war in Indo-China from 1945-1973, and a communist regime in Cuba in 1959 was a movement of that struggle into the peripheral areas where new nations were forming or old ones were being restored. And quite naturally the Middle East was such an area. It fit perfectly in the Soviet scheme of things:
In their struggle with imperialism and internal reaction the patriotic forces of the young states rely on the fraternal support of the socialist system…the forms and effectiveness of this support, all embracing Soviet assistance to the developing countries in the economic, political, cultural and military fields.40
In China, Marshall Lin Piao, Minister of National Defense, announced the doctrine of the war of the Third World against the First aimed at encirclement of the United States and Western Europe assisted by the countries of the Second World, the Socialist countries;41 a doctrine of protracted war.
Fashion in political discourse today rules out the consideration of Communism or Marxism, democratic socialism as it is at times called, as an operative ideal for impelling strategy. But as a spokeswoman for ANSWER expressed it, questions raised "about the group's role were classic McCarthy-era Red-baiting." "Red-baiting" because of its support for North Korea and Iraq. And elsewhere, the Cuban dictator flies to Communist Viet Nam for a visit "to discuss strengthening relations between the communist nations" on his way to a summit with the 115-member non-aligned movement in Kuala Lumpur.42 Maybe nothing but nostalgia for the good old days, maybe just a continuation of what has been. How shall we know?
Are Moscow and Peking seriously engaged in a conflict with the West, and is the Middle East but one theater of that conflict? Or are they simply engaged, as great powers, pursuing legitimate goals in the region: not competition for empire but for influence and place among other powers with similar goals?
If it is the former, then Iraq is the present focus of the conflict. If it is merely the latter, then it is only the anti-Western posture of those Middle Eastern countries whose hostility is directed at the United States: Libya, Yemen, Sudan, Syria, Iraq and Iran, but Iraq is still at the center of that hostility.
The attack on U.S.S. Cole in Yemen, the attack on U.S. embassies in Africa, the two attacks on the World Trade Center, one in 1993, and the second in September 2001 that included a coordinated attack on the Pentagon were carried out by organizations having roots in the Middle East. Those can be seen as strategic attacks for they were aimed at changing U.S. policy toward the Middle East. Whose interests would be served were the United States to renounce Israel and give up on disarming Iraq?
There is little doubt that Saddam Hussein is a proper villain. As Ireland's Sunday Independent noted in commenting on the visit to Iraq of a member of the Irish parliament, "We had hoped our TOs (members of Parliament) might have drawn the line at working with genocidal dictators."43
Strategic Requirements, Post 9/11
Removing a dictator from power is, no doubt, a laudable enterprise for civilized people to undertake, but evidently a never-ending task. Waging war to do so is bloody and expensive. But if the dictator poses a threat to the safety of the United States and that of those countries upon which that safety in part depends, war is the only reasonable course of action when all else fails.
The continuation of air operations by Britain and the United States against Iraq for thirteen years now, has not persuaded the regime in Iraq to become less a threat in the Middle East than it was in 1990. The dithering of the international community, the divisions created in the Western Alliance, are all the result of failing to deal finally with the Iraq regime in 1991, and between 1990 and today the United States has suffered direct attacks on its citizens going about their lawful business within their own country.
It should have been without hesitation a principle of strategic policy that a devastating attack on the United States—such as that of September 11, 2001—would call forth measures by the U.S. government to gain some strategic advantage in a struggle for which that attack gave ample evidence. The United States should have, within a week of that attack, moved swiftly against Libya to remove its dictator from power. That would have changed the resolution of forces in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Spain, Italy, France and Germany would have had reason to applaud, if only in the recesses of their government houses. It would have lent assurance to Morocco and Tunisia that alliance to the West was worth something to their internal stability. Algeria, caught between the Islamic fundamentalists and its ties to France, would have been free to settle its own affairs without interference from the regime in Tripoli. And the United States, wounded in Manhattan, Washington, and Pennsylvania would have demonstrated a resolve fueled by anger at the unprovoked act of war against itself. That did not happen, but instead began the pursuit of a bearded figure and his fellows in far away Afghanistan. As the French might say, "They seek him here, they seek him there, they seek him everywhere, the elusive Pimpernel."44
Pursuing terrorists to bring them to justice is a necessary part of life in the 21st century. It is not a substitute for measures aimed at gaining strategic advantage for the United States and the Western Alliance. For strategic advantage increases the freedom to act effectively, even against terrorists.
Despite United Nations inspections of Iraq for evidence of illegal arms, it cannot be expected that the Iraq regime will become less a menace than it has been. One recalls that Germany, after 1919, had imposed on it the Allied Armistice Commission, resident in country until 1928, to enforce the disarmament clauses of the Treaty of Versailles. Yet in those years Germany, with the help of the Soviet Union, embarked on a program of secret re-armament, aimed at restoring German military power.45 That program, carried out in secret at first, and then openly under the Nazi regime, would lead to the German occupation of Western Europe from the North Cape to the Pyrenees and would require enormous exertion and sacrifice to undue the harm.
It is folly to suppose that the Iraqi regime is less inventive, imaginative, or intelligent than the rest of us, or indeed, less resolute in purpose. An eight-year war with Iran, the seizure of Kuwait, confrontation with a formidable military host that lost them that country but from which they managed to avoid destruction of their army, suggests an accumulation of experience that forbids an underestimation of Iraqi competence. And the overflights by British and U.S. aircraft with attacks on the Iraqi air defense system and other targets for 13 years, has only added to that experience while demonstrating a remarkable survivability. All of those events, with the United Nations inspections from time-to-time, have practiced the Iraqi regime in deception, dissimulation, concealment, disinformation, damage-limitations, and electronic counter-measures. And it should not be expected that the regime will not continue to receive help from abroad by those whose interests dictate the survival of Iraq as it is.
One seeks wisdom upon which to base prudence, from history and political philosophy. Elizabeth I amidst threats to the kingdom from abroad and the conspiracies at home centered upon Mary, Queen of Scotts, hesitated for 15 years to put a kinswoman and queen to death; she was warned by the Master of Grey: "Suffer or strike; in order not to be struck, strike."46
Wait then until the United States or one of its allies is struck a devastating blow. Seek then in vain for apology from those who have counseled waiting for the smoking gun, waiting for sanctions to work and those who have championed the defense of Iraq. But then it would be the government who owed the apology for failing to act knowing of the peril the nation faces. No apology will compensate those who are victims if the Untied States could have acted but did not. Act before we or our allies are struck.
The war with Iraq has gone on for 13 years without evident effect on the nature and purpose of the regime in Baghdad. Whether with Britain and others, or alone, the United States ought to bring that war to a successful conclusion. For Iraq, the removal of the dictatorship presents an opportunity for that country to use its great wealth to promote the welfare and prosperity of its own people of whatever stripe. Baghdad was once a great emporium of commerce in the region. It should be again. If commerce is a gritty business, it brings the prosperity that is the essence of trade and is better than the accumulation of imperial loot from subjugated peoples.
One forgets, sometimes, the outcome of World War II for the Axis powers. One of them, Italy, a dictatorship for 20 years, stripped of its wealth for imperial purposes, suffered the devastation of war on its own soil as allied forces worked their painful way north from Salerno and Liguria to Germany. The Italians built on the wreckage of their country a new, prosperous and inventive nation gaining as they did so an important place among the democracies of the West. That is what a people can do freed of the incubus of dictatorship. In its way Italy could be a model for Iraq were its dictatorship to be dissolved.
One may think of a war to overthrow the Iraqi dictatorship not just as a means of disarming a virulent regime but as a reconnaissance-in-force to determine who is friend and who is foe, to determine whether the great struggle of the last half of the 20th century is over, as declared, or merely in recess. We should know that for our own safety. If it is the latter, winning Iraq for the West is worth the candle. If it is the former, then reducing the number of Middle Eastern powers hostile to the United States and ready to act out that hostility is hardly less important.
Shahram Chubin, of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London wrote in 1979 about the disarray in the Northern Tier: Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Pakistan. If Western influence there was not to be lost, there would need to be the exercise of Western influence, requiring "clarity of purpose and a willingness to exercise power."47
It should not be forgotten that the impetus of the current conflict—the continued possession and development of weapons of mass destruction—cannot today be stopped by any other means. The United States does not possess a ballistic missile defense that would render Iraq's weapons useless. Today the United States must suffer an attack and retaliate, presumably, with our own weapons of mass destruction. Such a missile defense should be built with all speed. Absent such a defense we are faced now with the only reasonable alternative.
Resolution where others waver is the mark of leadership among nations. The discriminate application of military power to serve the strategic interests of the United States is a warning to those who wish the nation ill and a reassurance to those whose alliance lends us strength. Is it better to wait until something really bad happens, then, perhaps, to act? Or should we act now whatever sentiment may be ranged against us?
1 "Invasion Tip," Aviation Week and Space Technology, August 6, 1990, p. 15.
2 "Soviet Recon Satellites Image Persian Gulf Area," Aviation Week and Space Technology, Nov. 19, 1990, p. 24.
3 "KGB and Kuwait," Soviet and East European Report, RFE/RL, Sept 20, 1980.
4 "Iraqi Trainees in USSR," ibid.
5 Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1990, CIA, PB90-928009 (Sept 1990), p. 197.
6 "Soviet Advisers Reported Aiding Iraqi Military," Los Angeles Times, August 12, 1990, p. A1, "Pentagon, Disputing Moscow, Says 500 to 1,000 Soviet Advisers Are In Iraq," The New York Times, September 26, 1990, p. A6; and, "Soviets Helping Iraqis," The Washington Times, January 25, 1991, p. A1.
7 "Iraq" The Statesman's Yearbook, 1970-1971 (London: MacMillan and Co. Ltd.,1970), p. 10484.
8 See Successive Issues of the Military Balance (annual), (London: IISS): "Iraq."
9 The Statesman's Yearbook, 1965-66, "Iraq," p. 1,138 and, Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1988 and 1990, p. 198 and 179 and 175.
10 The Military Balance, 1986-1987, (London: 1155, 1986),"Iraq" and Iran," pp. 96-98.
11 "Problems Facing Shah," Daily Nation (Nairobi), 22 August 1978, p.6. See for example, "Russians Complete Vital Road to Indian Ocean," Daily Telegraph (London), July 20, 1976, p.1.
12 See Rosanne Klass, ed. Afghanistan: The Great Game Revisited (New York: Freedom House, 1987), p. 545.
13 "Iran and Soviets Are Said To Be Near A Friendship Pact," The Wall Street Journal, 13 August 1987; "Iran," The Statesman's Yearbook 2002, p. 899; "Azerbaijan," in Jane's World Railways, 1997-1998, p.80; and "Iran and Soviet Draft Big Projects, Including Pipelines and Railroads," The New York Times, August 8, 1987, p. A1 and, "Odd Couple: "A Marxist Soviet and an Islamic Iran," ibid, August 7, 1987.
14 "Soviet Union Rejects Use of Force in Persian Gulf," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 27, 1990, p. 10A
15 See Persian Gulf War: Summary of U.S. and Non-U.S. Forces, Congressional Research Report for Congress, February 11, 1991.
16 For sequence of events, see Soviet Analysis of Operation Desert Storm and Desert Shield, Defense Intelligence Agency, serial 60105006, 28 October 1991. Iraqi and Syrian events on p. 71.
17 Soviet Analysis of Operation Desert Storm…, p.55; "Iraq Lists 148 Aircraft In Iran," Jane's Defense Weekly, 27 April 1991, p.684; and Air Force Magazine, May 1991, p. 2.
18 Soviet Analysis…, p.63.
19 "Iraqis On Leave As Battle Begins," Times (London), July 10, 1991, p.5.
20 "13,000 Captured Iraqis Refuse To Be Repatriated," Baltimore Sun, September 1991, p. 2.
21 "Iraq's Army Recovers," Foreign Report (London: The Economist), No. 2168, July 18, 1991, p.1.
22 "The Peace Lobby Revives," Information Digest, Volume XXIII, No. 21, October 19, 1990, p. 193; "Anti-War Activists Gain Force With Broad Array of Recruits," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 20, 1990, p. 1A; "War Criminal Bush Bombs Baghdad--Defend Iraq! Sink U.S. War in the Persian Gulf," Workers Vanguard, 1 February 1991, p. 1; " We Will Not Accept War," People's Weekly World, January 12, 1991, p.1; and, "Help Put Anti-War Voices on TV," Ibid., February 16, 1991, p. 17.
23 "Conscientious Objector Jailed at Pear Harbor," Springfield News-Leader, Sept 2, 1990, p. 2, and "Marine Discharged As Objector Will Work to Stop War," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 7, 1990. p. 25A.
24 Organized Subversion in the U.S. Armed Forces, Hearings before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of Internal Security Act of the Judiciary Committee of the U.S. Senate, 94th Congress, First Session, Part I, The U.S. Navy, Appendix I, p. 71; for Beiheren and Soviet KGB, see "KGB Report to the Central Committee on Cooperation with Japanese Peace Groups," Letter, KGB, Council of Ministers of the USSR, February 24, 1968, n. 438-A, in Revelations from the Soviet Archives: Documents, (Washington: Library of Congress, 1997), p. 699-700.
25 "Anti-War Activists Gain Force With Broad Array of Recruits," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 20, 1990, p.1A.
26 See Information Digest, Volume XXIII, No. 21 (October 18, 1990), P. 193.
27 "Letters to the Editor," The Wall Street Journal, February 1, 1991, p. H11
28 See for example, advertisement, "We Oppose Both Saddam Hussein and the U.S. War on Iraq," The New York Times, February 10, 2003, p.A8, for familiar names of persons and organizations; see also, "Embrace Peace and Prosperity," Center for Community Change, The New York Times, January 7, 2003, p. A9.
29 "Paris Most Modern," The New York Times, February 16, 2003, p.9, Section 5; and see for example, "Henri Krasucki, un figure du syndicalisme," Le Figaro, 26 January 2003, p. 24.
30 "demos gegen Irak krieg," Die Tageszeitung (Hamburg), 13 February 2003, p. 11.
31 "Greenpeace Blockades Ship," The New York Times, February 3, 2003, p.13.
32 See "Some War Protesters Uneasy With Others," 24 January 2003, p. A12; then see "War Criminal Turk Bombs Baghdad-Defend Iraq," Workers Vanguard, 1 February 2001, p.1 and for Workers World Party role in 1990-1991, see "The Peace Lobby Revives," Information Digest, Volume XXIII, No. 21, Oct 19, 1990.
33 "China and Russia Sign Treaty of Alliance: Friendship Pact Meant to Counter U.S. Influence," San Francisco Chronicle, 18 July 2001, p. A1.
34 Ibid., p. A8
35 J.A.R. Marriott, The Eastern Question: An Historical Study in European Diplomacy, Fourth Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1940) p. 168-169; and, David G. Ghandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1966), p. 210.
36 Marriott, p. 386
37 Major General I.S.O. Playfair, "The Mediterranean and Middle East," in History of the Second World War, Volume II, United Kingdom Military Series (London: HMSO, 1956) p. 193.
38 Feuhrer Headquarters, 22 May 1941, Directive 30. "The Middle East," Appendix 2 in I.S.O. Playfair, Op. Cit., p. 333f.
39 John Morley, cited in "The Problem of the Near East," in J.A.R. Marriott, The Eastern Question, p. 1.
40 Colonel V. Zuharer, "Struggle for Social Progress," Soviet Military Review (Moscow) published in Russian and Arabic, No. 4 (28), April 1967, pp. 55-56
41 "Red China: Plan to 'Encircle' U.S.," San Francisco Chronicle, September 3, 1965, p. 1; "Lin Piao's Manifesto," Army, Volume 15, No. 17, December 1965, pp. 47-51; and, Peking Review, No. 36, September 3, 1965.
42 "Waiting for Fidel," The New York Times, February 22, 2003, p. A5.
43 "Michael D To Ask the Tough Iraq Questions: But Dictators Don't Do Questions," Ireland's Sunday Independent, January 26, 2003, Living, p. 8.
44 Emmuska, Baroness Orczy, The Scarlet Pimpernel (1905).
45 See Brig Gen. J.H. Morgan, Assize of Arms: The Disarmament of Germany and Her Rearmament (1919-1939) (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946); and J. W. Wheeler Bennett, The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics, 1918-1945 (London: MacMillan, 1952).
46 J.F. Neale, Elizabeth I and Her Parliaments, 1559-1681 (New York: Norton Library, 1958), p. 270.
47 Shahram Chubin, "The Northern Tier in Disarray," The World Today (London), Royal Institute of International Affairs, Volume 35, No.12 (December 1979), pp. 474-482.


text:
"I don't think these machines will be offered for sale prior to the auction, but feel free to send me a direct message at email@example.com. I may be able to consider offers, but there is no set pricing."
Follow Clay on:
Twitter :: @DiscoverChoc
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subset: commoncrawl


text: LEWISTON, Maine --- Luke Doherty Munro took second place in the 800-meter run for the Colby College men's indoor track and field team at a four-team meet at Bates College on Saturday. Doherty Munro had a time of 2:00.92 in the 800 and was followed by teammate Alec Peters in fifth place with a 2:02.50. Trent Wiseman added a third in the pole vault with a leap of 13-10.5 and teammate Harry Geldermann was sixth in 12-3.25. The Mules also received fifths from David Lowe in the triple jump (39-3.75) and Mike Bienkowski with a 16:13.97 in the 5,000 meters. Sean Ripll was sixth in the 400 meters (54.53) and Austin Duncanson took sixth in the 600 meters (1:29.40). Bates College vs. Colby, USM & UMO - 1/22/2010 to 1/23/2010 Related Links: |


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"Arise and take our stand for freedom as in the olden time." Winston Churchill
"Proclaim Liberty throughout All the land unto All the Inhabitants Thereof." Inscription on the Liberty Bell
Obama Foreign Policy
Russia Invades Ukraine, Obama Declares Happy Hour
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The Russian Bear, On the Move
With the Olympics over, Vladimir Putin has Russia on the march. Former Ukraine president Viktor Yanukovych has surfaced in Russia, where he has been given asylum. In Crimea–a part of Ukraine–armed men have seized the Parliament building and hoisted the Russian flag: The buildings of the Crimean Council of Ministers and the Crimean parliament were seized by an unknown group of 120 armed men at around 4 a.m., according to »
"To Save Venezuela, Sanction Iran and Starve the Castros"
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Samantha Power Dives Deep…Into Incoherence [Updated]
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Garry Kasparov, Prophet
Garry Kasparov, formerly the world chess champion, is now a full-time campaigner for democracy and liberalization in Russia. He has been one of Vladimir Putin's principal political opponents. Twitchy has a remarkable series of tweets by Kasparov about Syria and Ukraine, beginning in 2013 and continuing to the present. Kasparov emerges as something of a prophet. Here are some of his tweets: Good point! When has Obama ever tried to »
Obama enters new Iranian talks with one hand gladly tied behind his back
The latest round of negotiations regarding Iran's nuclear program began yesterday. Iran's Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated what has always been clear: "Dismantling [the] nuclear program is not on the agenda." What, then, is? As the Washington Post reports, the West seeks only "to prevent Iran from quickly converting its nuclear program to weapons production or from hiding a parallel program." (emphasis added) This probably means "a demand that »
A ring of fire in Kiev
The New York Times reports that the antigovernment protests in Kiev culminated dramatically last night in a ring of fire around their encampment in Independence Square. Here is the top of the story filed by Andrew Higgins and Andrew Kramer from the scene: With hundreds of riot police officers advancing from all sides after a day of deadly mayhem here in the Ukrainian capital, antigovernment protesters mounted a final desperate »
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John Kerry, Slow Learner
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Poorly purchased and tracked meetings can cost companies millions of dollars. At last, there are a number of Web-based tools for tracking, monitoring, and consolidating meeting spending. Here are the top ones.
b-there www.b-there.com
B-there is the newest player, having just launched an application called OneForm for enterprisewide meeting consolidation and collaboration. Features include an event calendar that provides a consolidated view of all the company's meetings; collaboration tools for departments to set meeting objectives and evaluate event ROI; a vendor management system that can be shared companywide; expense tracking and budget reconciliation tools; and site selection tools.
Get There Direct www.getthere.com (formerly Allmeetings)
GetThere is a subsidiary of Sabre, the world's largest computerized travel reservation system (which also owns Travelocity). Right now, it is marketed only to large corporations already using Sabre for travel procurement.
PlanSoft www.plansoft.com
PlanSoft's Meeting Management Solution offers a comprehensive suite of consolidation modules. MMS features include online search and site selection tools, online RFPs, and a centralized sourcing process that drives business to preferred facilities and suppliers with tools to monitor compliance.
ProcurePoint (www.procure point.com.) (formerly EventSource)
ProcurePoint's main focus is online procurement of hotel lodging. Features include an extensive site selection database, to which clients can add preferred vendors; a standardized RFP and negotiation process; and the ability to compare budgeted hotel spend to actual spend. There is also an option for centralized meeting department oversight of "admin" planners. It's best known for its open bid process, allowing hotels to bid online in real time for meetings requiring lodging.
SeeUthere www.seeuthere.com
SeeUthere is primarily designed for large corporations that wish to establish companywide meeting spend controls. Central to SeeUthere's strategy is defining the expense process. This system enables companywide enforcement, pre-meeting approval process, and compliance tracking in a manner similar to travel or office supply procurement.
StarCite www.starcite.com
StarCite was one of the first online providers to use meeting consolidation techniques. It has an experienced senior management team, and its approach is as much consultative as technology-based. StarCite claims to have a "truly integrated" meeting platform, including procurement, attendee management, and group air,with a true two-way data flow of air reservations. Its two-year partnership with Cardinal Communication and its recent purchase of the RegWeb product round out its capabilities. StarCite offers a database of 53,000 suppliers, and its combined buying power sources more than 1.5 million rooms annually.
Corbin Ball, CMP, is a speaker, consultant, and writer focusing on technology for events and meetings. You can contact him through his Web site, www.corbinball.com.


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Antonio Cairoli Tests a MX1 bike before Brit GP this weekend
At a seceret Test track MX2 champ Cairoli Gets to grips with the 450 yam, he wants a top five finish this weekend at the Brit GP will he get it?
Let us know what you think of this clip in the forum.
video film and edit by Alex Rankin for MotoMagazine.co.uk


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Authorities dug up a body in Meriwether County on Wednesday afternoon. More>>
Arrest made in Columbus' 19th homicide of the year. More>>
On December 7, 2013, officers of the Auburn Police Division responded to a residence located in the 1300 Block of North College Street, Auburn, Alabama in reference to an automobile burglary that had just More>>
Phenix City police have arrested three residents on counterfeit currency charges. Twenty-one year old Johnquez Barnes, 26-year old Marquez Ellison and 22-year old Azavria Hayesall face charges of possessing a forged instrument. Police executed a search warrant at their residence in the Central Highlands Apartments on 22nd Avenue. Officers recovered counterfeit U.S. currency. The suspects are accused of presenting counterfeit bills at several businesses throughout Phenix City. More>>
Dawson city leaders have voted against providing 24-hour police protection for the mayor after he was shot at his house on Halloween night. More>>
On Monday, November 4, 2013 the Auburn Police Division arrested Shaheyne P. Thomas, age 19 from Tuskegee, Alabama on felony warrants charging him with Burglary Third Degree, Theft of Property Second Degree More>>
Former Auburn police officer who claims he was fired after complaining about a ticket quota will have his day in court next fall. More>>
Christopher Wright was found outside his home Thursday night. More>>
Dothan man is the 14th person arrested in a federal dog fighting investigation that stretches across four states. More>>
The Davidson family received a call Friday night saying their son had been shot by a police officer. The father, Billy Davidson, says his first question was "Why?" Three days later, he says he's still seeking the answer to this question.
The Davidson family received a call Friday night saying their son had been shot by a police officer. The father, Billy Davidson, says his first question was "Why?" Three days later, he says he's still seeking the answer to this question.


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Cedar Rapids Weather
Marion Council Pledges $750,000 for its Own Field of DreamsBy Trish Mehaffey, Reporter
MARION, Iowa - Marion hopes to make its own field of dreams as council members pledged $750,000 last week to the proposed recreational complex Prospect Meadows Ball Fields.
The council approved a resolution to provide the $750,000 over the next five years to the 17-field baseball and softball complex northeast of Marion. The complex will host local leagues during the week and weekend tournaments, which would bring in teams from across the Midwest. The $9.4 million complex will feature 17 fields, eight with 400-foot fences, eight with 300-foot fences and one "Miracle Field," built specially for people with disabilities, according to proposed project. The complex will be equipped with seating, lights, a sound system, score boards, concessions, restrooms and press boxes. The ball fields will be for players age 7 up to adults. City Manager Lon Pluckhahn said the project won't just benefit Marion but the entire metro area as it will bring in spending for area hotels, restaurants and retail stores. The council has been talking with Jack Roeder, president of the project, about the project for quite some time. Pluckhahn said based on the "real world" numbers and other research conducted by Perfect Game USA, a Cedar Rapids scouting firm, the league tournaments would bring in about 60,000 visitors from outside the area each year and about 120,000 people to the complex annually. Roeder, former general manager of the Kernals, said that translates into about 80,000 hotel rooms per year and $25 million in direct spending for the area. These numbers are based on other similar sized communities and facilities like in Des Moines, Ankeny and Burlington. The complex is estimated to create 200 full-time and part-time jobs with an annual payroll of more than $500,000. "The Miracle Field will allow people with disabilities to experience our national pastime in a complex with everyone else," Roeder said. "We'll have programs for at-risk youth who can't normally afford to play the game, which is an expansion of the 'League of Dreams,' a Kernals program which was initiated after the flood." Roeder said he greatly appreciates that the first donation is from Marion. The project will be funded by $4.2 million from private donations and $5.2 million will come from state and local funds and grants and loans. Once the complex is completed and opened, it will be self-sustained through its operational income, he said. Roeder said this year will be spent raising funds but he's hoping construction will start in 2014 and a target date for opening will be in 2015. Conversation GuidelinesBe KindDon't use abusive, offensive, threatening, racist, vulgar or sexually-oriented language. Share KnowledgeBe truthful. Share what you know and what you are passionate about. Stay focusedPromote lively and healthy debate. Stay on topic. Ask questions and give feedback on the story's topic. Report TroubleHelp us maintain a quality comment section by reporting comments that are offensive. If you see a comment that is offensive, or you feel violates our guidelines, simply click on the "x" to the far right of the comment to report it. read the full guidelines here » Commenting will be disabled on stories dealing with the following subject matter: Crime, sexual abuse, property fires, automobile accidents, Amber Alerts, Operation Quickfinds and suicides. |
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Cellar/Tasting Notes "An exceptionally fresh and elegant nose displays dried flowers, citrus and a hint of wet stone before sliding gracefully into detailed, racy and highly energetic flavors that offers the same minerality as suggested by the nose on the dry and moderately austere finish. An understated and..
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Cellar/Tasting Notes The 2011 Pinot Noir Two Brothers, tasted from barrel, is hugely promising. There is a level of purity in the fruit that is simply beautiful. The style is a bit exuberant for the year, but all the elements are very much in balance. A blast of sweet red cherries, dried flowers and sweet spices flow..
Cellar/Tasting Notes "...excellent richness to the full-bodied, concentrated and pure flavors that brim with dry extract that coats the palate on the impressively persistent finish...the quality of the underlying material is impeccable."
Cellar/Tasting Notes "An upper register and highly complex nose of green apples, white pear and citrus notes introduces almost painfully intense, pure and impressively powerful big-bodied and overtly muscular flavors that possess an almost aggressive minerality on the palate staining, tension-filled and driving finish...
Cellar/Tasting Notes "Here too there is moderate toasty influence on the notably ripe, indeed almost liqueur-like aromas of red and black raspberry, cassis, plum and soft spice notes. There is a textured mouth feel to the supple, round and delicious middle weight flavors that possess a bit more verve before culminating..
Cellar/Tasting Notes "This offers quite an interesting, and completely different, nose as it's quite floral with wild raspberry, currant and wet stone nuances combining with refined, detailed and very pinot flavors. There is an excellent depth, length and impeccable balance to the sappy and energetic finish. A really..
Cellar/Tasting Notes Although it begins with austerity, its acidity and tannins dominant, the palate opens beyond its youthfulness after a few moments. It becomes dark and powerful, certainly still dryly tannic, but the fruit is generous, and the final taste is of beautiful, ripe fruits.
Cellar/Tasting Notes "... mineral-inflected lemon peel, menthol and spiced pear aromas…good richness but also fi ne detail to the rich, full and delicious middle weight flavor... mouth coating and balanced finish. This is pretty and complex."


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SanDisk Cruzer Mini USB flash drive (4GB)
Manufacturer: SanDisk Part number: SDCZ2-4096-A10
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Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago Downtown/River North
60 West Illinois Street
Chicago, IL 60654
From 109 USD /night
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Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago Downtown
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Chicago, IL 60611
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60 West Illinois Street Chicago, IL 60654
9.6 mile(s)
Located in the trendy River North neighborhood, just north of the Loop, this Chicago River North hotel is within walking distance to Mag Mile for shopping, Navy Pier, top restaurants, theater district and Millennium Park to see "The Bean".
From 119 USD/ Night
216 East Ontario Street Chicago, IL 60611
10 mile(s)
Located in the heart of downtown Chicago and just steps from Michigan Avenue, the Fairfield Inn & Suites is conveniently located to American Girl, Navy Pier, Shedd Aquarium, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, and the Loop business district.
From 69 USD/ Night
1820 Abriter Court Naperville, IL 60563
19 mile(s)
Located in Naperville's High Tech Corridor. This Naperville hotel is located off I-88, minutes from downtown Naperville. Neighboring Wheaton, Warrenville and Lisle, minutes from many businesses, and adjacent to quality restaurants in the Freedom Commons.
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The Fairfield Inn & Suites St. Charles is adjacent to the Geneva Commons Shopping Center. The hotel is 12 minutes from I-90 & I-88 expressways. As well as just 5 minute drive to the Geneva Metro Station for a relaxing train ride into Downtown Chicago.
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What's better than an extension cord that you can bend around the legs of your furniture for more convenient storage?
The Pivot Power it excellent! It's a nice surge protector for awkward spaces and things with large plugs. I have the one I got from Quirky under my desk for my desktop, 2 monitors, and etc. I love that I can wrap it around the leg of my desk if I need to maneuver it around to fit everything I need. I'm 100% getting another one for other places.


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Nurturing Soul Mate Relationships
Oprah.com | June 14, 2007
In a prior episode of
Talk to Me
Oprah and author Kathy Freston opened the door to a conversation on finding and connecting with a soul mate
. Now Oprah welcomes back Kathy, author of
The One: Discovering the Secrets of Soul Mate Love
, to continue their exploration of soul mate love and to talk about how people can make the most of their soul mate relationships.
Many people are either searching for a soul mate or wondering if the person they're involved with is "the one." Kathy says there are many different soul mates in our lives and they come in different forms, not just romantic relationships. How can you tell if you've met a soul mate? "When you feel that something bigger is going on than just the regular relationship," Kathy says. "You feel an attraction that's irresistible in such a way that you just can't turn away from it. It can be either physical chemistry, it can be an intellectual connection, an emotional connection…but something that feels like it's bigger than just the two of you drawing you together."
Once you've opened your heart to a soul mate, Kathy says you have to actively nurture that special bond. "It's not a matter of holding out for the right person, it's a matter of really working on yourself," she says. "When you work on yourself, you're bringing interesting things to the table of the relationship and that keeps the relationship interesting."
Printed from Oprah.com on Wednesday, March 12, 2014
© 2014 Harpo Productions, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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March 10, 2014
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) -- Florida A&M is looking for a new director of bands.
The university said Friday that it hopes to attract a new leader for its troubled band program by the end of the fall semester later this year.
The school's famed "Marching 100" has been suspended from all activities since the hazing-related death last November of 26-year-old drum major Robert Champion. University officials have been unsuccessful for decades to rein in the hazing traditions at the school that has resulted in serious injury to other band members in the past.
The new director would appear to have plenty of time to become familiar with the university's goals since the band remains suspended through the entire 2012-13 school year.
The vacancy was created by the retirement of longtime band director Julian White.


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Chemtura Announces Polyester Polyols Price Increase
Chemtura Corporation (NYSE: CHMT) announces today that effective March 26, 2012, or as contracts allow, it will increase prices up to $0.05 lb for its Polyester Polyols, including FOMREZ ®, products globally. This price increase is necessary given the continued escalation of raw material costs.
Chemtura Corporation, with 2011 sales of $3.0 billion, is a global manufacturer and marketer of specialty chemicals, agrochemicals and pool, spa and home care products. Additional information concerning Chemtura is available at www.chemtura.com.
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Stocks waver on Spain report, Mosaic missBy MATTHEW CRAFT
The Associated Press | October 03,2012AP PHOTO
A pair of traders work in their booth on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Hopes that the U.S. is back in recovery mode has helped stocks start the new month on a relative high.NEW YORK Mixed signals on the world economy tugged on major stock indexes Tuesday.
The countrys largest fertilizer company, Mosaic, said weak demand from China and India have hurt its profits. Mosaic, Dupont and stocks of other companies in the materials industry fell.
But utilities and health care stocks, where investors often retreat in a slow-growing economy, helped pull the Standard & Poors 500 index above the break-even mark.
The S&P 500 index gained 1.26 to close at 1,445.75. The Dow Jones industrial average dropped 32.75 points to 13,482.36. Dupont led the Dow lower, sinking 86 cents to $49.50.
The market could remain quiet until the government gives its monthly jobs report on Friday, said Paul Zemsky, chief investment officer of multi-asset strategies at ING Investment Management. Economists expect the unemployment rate increased to 8.2 percent in September from 8.1 percent in August.
Zemsky said a surprise swing up or down could change the direction of the stock market and the Presidential election.
Indexes took a turn lower at midday after Spains prime minister said that hes not preparing a request for a bailout loan. Traders have been anticipating that the Spanish government would ask for help for nearly a month. Spain needs to ask for money from Europes bailout fund before the European Central Bank can start buying Spanish government bonds.
Mosaic reported net income and sales early Tuesday that fell short of analysts estimates. The company blamed slumping demand for its fertilizer overseas as well as hurricanes for slower production. The results pushed the companys stock down $2.25 to $55.76.
In other trading, the Nasdaq composite rose 6.51 points to 3,120.04.
The yield on the benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury note slipped to 1.61 percent from 1.63 percent late Monday after Spains prime minister, Mariano Rajoy, said a bailout request wasnt coming.
European markets closed slightly lower before Rajoy spoke. Benchmark stock indexes fell 0.3 percent in Germany, 0.2 percent in Britain and 0.6 percent in France. Borrowing costs fell for Spain and Italy.
Most car makers reported better sales for September. But sales for U.S. automakers were mostly flat. General Motors reported a slight increase in sales from a year earlier, but its stock gained 3 percent after the hedgefund manager David Einhorn recommended it. GM rose 59 cents to $23.68.
Core Logic, a private provider of real estate data, said U.S. home prices in August rose 4.6 percent compared with the same month last year. Prices also rose 0.3 percent from July, the sixth consecutive month of gains.
Other gauges of the housing market have improved in recent months, including home sales.
On Monday, the manufacturing survey from the Institute for Supply Management also showed improvement. ISMs main index nosed above 50, a reading that signals growth. The index had been below 50 from June through August.
Investors are also looking ahead to quarterly earnings, which begin in earnest when the aluminum company Alcoa reports results Oct. 9.MORE IN National / World BusinessFor much of Wednesday, the U.S. Full StoryALBANY, N.Y. Full StoryNEW YORK Looks like the best suitor won. Full Story -
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"Goose Chase" is about a poor goosegirl named Alexandria Aurora Fortunato who, by a sudden turn of events, becomes drop-dead gorgeous. Now that gold... Owl in Love Owl is not your usual teenager. She's a shapeshifter, who can turn into an owl at will. Owl attends regular school and has acquired a crush on her s... The Woman in the Wall Anna is a very small and very shy 7-year old who panics when her mother tells her that she has to go to school! Anna's mother has let Anna stay home ...
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