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Good morning from the second day of the 2012 NFL Scouting Combine. Today quarterbacks, running backs and wide receivers are slated meet the press at Lucas Oil Stadium. We invite you to follow the action throughout the day on this blog, which will be updated as players talk to the media.
Broncos Executive Vice President of Football Operations John Elway will kick off the press sessions around 10:30 a.m. EST. Check back for the full video, along with a top story from what he says. We'll post some quick hits from the session in this blog as soon as it is completed.
As always, we welcome any questions or comments you have throughout the day. You can leave them in the comment section — or reach out to us via Gray's Twitter account or the official Broncos account — and we will do our best to address them.
11:49 a.m. EST: Elway just finished up a side interview session with local media after his press conference. He had plenty to say, a lot of which we will cover in a top story at the end of the day. Below are some quick hits from the session to tide you over. Here is the full audio from his press conference, and here is the full video.
On Tim Tebow:
"I was really happy with his progress. I know Tim is going to work hard this offseason and we're hoping that he's going to be the guy for a long, long time."
On QB prospects Andrew Luck and Robert Griffin III:
"I look at both of them as two unbelievable prospects. I think that if you look at what they both did this year with Andrew at Stanford and RGIII down at Baylor. They're two tremendous talents. Tremendously mature, intelligent guys that I look at as those two are going to have a lot of success in the NFL."
On what style of quarterback the team is looking to add:
"I think we're going through that process now. We have to kind of let it happen. I don't know that we're looking for one like Tim or your ordinary dropback (passer), or somewhere in between. I think until we find out the interest out there, it's going to be hard to fill those spots. I think when I look at Tim and I look at our offense, we can do it with either one. Whether it be a guy like Tim, or if it's more of a dropback-type guy that we feel like either one is going to be able to fit."
On an area of need:
"Defensive tackle is, no question, an area where we want to get better, but we also have some others."
On coordinators being hired as head coaches:
"We're just trying to … be the best we can now. To me, if you get a coordinator that's wanted, you know he's a good football coach. So I'd much rather have coordinators that are wanted rather than coordinators that are going to be here forever. You're getting a good coach if people want them."
Players are starting to stream in, so we'll have more updates shortly.
11:56 a.m. EST: Georgia Tech wide receiver was the first player to enter the media room at Lucas Oil Stadium this morning. Right away he was asked to compare himself to former teammate Demaryius Thomas.
"Of course both of us are big," he said. "I'm a little bit taller, and I feel like I'm a little bit faster, too. But he's of course heavier. He knew the game well because he was older. But other than that, I'm trying to make my own name, not trying to be Demaryius."
While he doesn't want to be DT part two, Hill admitted he learned plenty from Thomas when he played for the Yellow Jackets.
"Of course," he said. "We actually roomed together before games. I watched things that he did. I took a lot of things from him and Calvin Johnson, too."
In fact, he talked to Thomas in preparation for the combine.
"He actually told me, 'If you're going to make this step, you need to go ahead and do it, because this is a man's game.'"
12:16 p.m. EST: Chris Givens led Wake Forest with 83 catches for 1,330 yards, which ranked for 10th in Division I for receiving yards in 2011. Coming off that strong season, Givens elected to leave school a year early and declare for the NFL draft. Here is some audio from his press session.
Known for his knack for making big plays, he hopes to showcase his speed here in Indianapolis.
"I feel like it's something that I bring to the table," Givens said. "I really work hard in the offseason with my speed and explosiveness. I think one of my best strengths is when I get the ball in my hands, I really show what I can do. That's what I did this past year."
When asked his thoughts on returning kicks and punts at the next level, the wide receiver said that he was open to doing anything asked of him by NFL coaches.
"I'll do whatever they need me to do," he said. "If it's returning kicks, I'll do that. I'm a playmaker. Wherever you want to put me to make plays, that's what I'm going to do. It can be returning kicks, wide receiver, I'm going to get the job done."
1:16 p.m. EST: Wide receiver Michael Floyd is considered one of the top wide receivers in the 2012 NFL Draft class, and he knows that high expectations come with that status.
When asked which current NFL wideouts he compares himself to, Floyd took those high expectations head on and listed Larry Fitzgerald, Calvin Johnson and Andre Johnson.
Floyd knows he'll have to answer questions about his past at Notre Dame, but says he's been honest with teams and has used that experience to mature. Here is the full audio from his press session.
"It's just about answering the questions and moving forward," he said. "You grow from it and it's behind you. It's a mistake that happened in the past and I'm moving forward. … All I can do is be honest and tell them exactly what happened in my past and go on from there."
Floyd knows that becoming an NFL player means more pressure to perform not only on the field, but off the field as well.
"I think I've grown a lot. Coming into the NFL now, I think you do have to mature a great deal. Like they say, it's a professional sport and you have to act like a professional."
1:38 p.m. EST: Wide Receiver Jeff Fuller played with Broncos linebacker Von Miller at Texas A & M and said that Miller has helped him a lot in his preparation for the combine.
"I talk to him a lot," Fuller said. "He's actually in Texas working out with us right now."
Players at the combine go through a series of medical examinations and physical tests, and Fuller credited Miller with giving him the rundown of what to expect.
"He said it's intense," Fuller said. "Last night coming off of like four hours of sleep, interviews, the doctors pulling on you – it's all part of the process. It's a huge job interview. It's kind of hard as you're going through but it's really worth it."
Fuller and Miller have spent the offseason working out together near their hometown of Dallas.
"He just tells me to keep my head up and all sorts of stuff," Fuller said of the advice that Miller gives him. "He's there (in Dallas). He pretty much lives in the same house with us playing video games and stuff. He's a lot of fun."
2:08 p.m. EST: Wide Receiver Kendall Wright talked about catching passes from quarterback Robert Griffin at Baylor.
"RG III does it not just at practice, he does it everywhere he goes," Wright said. "He's just a different guy and a different player than a lot of players out there."
Wright caught 108 passes for 1,663 yards from Griffin in 2011, which ranked third in all of Division I.
"It's always on point," Wright said about catching passes from the Heisman Trophy winner. "He's getting better and he's been working on a lot of things. He's a great and smart player."
The pair has played together since their first season at Baylor and Wright credited that familiarity with their breakout seasons in 2011.
"It was good chemistry," he said. "We've been working together since we were freshman. He knew what I was doing at all times and I knew what he was doing before it even happened."
2:22 p.m. EST: This morning, Elway spoke highly of former Broncos Defensive Coordinator — and new Oakland Raiders Head Coach — Dennis Allen.
"I'm happy for Dennis," Elway said. "I think he's going to be a great, young coach. He's a guy who is very smart, is a good leader. I'm happy for him. I'm sad that he's in Oakland and we have to play him twice a year in our division. That's how much I think of Dennis Allen. He's a guy that I think is going to have success in this league."
A few hours later, Allen stepped to the podium and spoke just as highly of Elway, Head Coach John Fox and General Manager Brian Xanders.
"I obviously have a lot of respect for what they've done over there," Allen said. "I think John Elway, Brian Xanders and John Fox do a tremendous job. I know they'll have the team ready to play whenever we go up against them, and we'll do our best to have our team ready to play going against them."
Allen, who described the first few months of his tenure in Oakland as simply "fast," was asked if he's excited to face Denver twice a season.
"I think I'm excited about going up against everybody next year," he said. "I wouldn't single them out any differently."
2:29 p.m. EST: On quarterbacks, running backs and wide receivers day, it seems like every player that heads to the podium is a big name. A couple of the signal callers not named Andrew Luck or Robert Griffin III just came in and out of the room.
Michigan State quarterback Kirk Cousins was first, and he said he's out to prove that he can be a successful player in the NFL.
"I was part of a senior class that was a very special group of guys — I intend to start again now," he said. "You accomplish one dream, you reach the top of a mountain, you get there and you realize there's another mountain to climb. That's certainly where I am right now, and I'm ready to start scaling that next mountain."
Next up was Arizona's Nick Foles, who most have rated as one of the top 10 prospects at the position.
He was asked about what it's like to have almost all of the attention paid to quarterbacks at the combine go to Luck and Griffin.
"Andrew and Robert are both very talented players and they deserve the attention they're getting," he said. "They both had outstanding careers and they'll go on to the next level and have great careers. That's what I think. But I don't worry about everything else. I worry about what I can control, and that's me performing and just getting better as an individual. That's how I've always been. I really just want to go out there and get an opportunity to play, have a team fall in love with me and select me so I can better their franchise."
2:36 p.m. EST: Another top receiver came to the podium a short time ago as Oklahoma State's Justin Blackmon addressed the press. Blackmon said he was confident that he could replicate his collegiate success at the next level. Click here for the full audio from Blackmon.
"I'm very confident," he said. "I know I have a lot to work on and I'm going to continue to work at that. I know with hard work, I can be successful in the league."
When asked about being the first wide receiver taken off the board, Blackmon admitted that it is something that he thinks about, but stays humble just thinking about playing in the NFL.
"It's very important, but at the same time, I'm just happy to be in this situation. I'm happy to be here and there are a lot of great wide receivers in this draft. I'm just happy I have the opportunity to be in the draft."
Blackmon shied away from physical comparisons to Lions All-Pro wideout Calvin Johnson, but said that he did find similarities in their approach to the game.
"I wouldn't compare us, but he's a big, physical guy and that's how I like to play. I'm not as big as him, but I try to be as physical as I can."
He's heard the criticism about lack of breakaway speed, but his message to those critics was to watch what he's done in the past.
"I just tell them to look at the tape. I've never been caught from behind," he laughed.
3:05 p.m. EST: Stanford quarterback Andrew Luck just wrapped up his session with the media. We'll have some quick hits from him in a bit, but in the meantime, click here for the full audio.
3:16 p.m. EST: A lot has been made of Brandon Weeden's age, "and rightfully so," the Oklahoma State quarterback said.
After all, he's 28 — the same age as Green Bay Packers QB Aaron Rodgers.
Weeden called it the only red flag he has when asked if he would be rated even higher if he were 22.
"It's a tough question to answer," he said. "I feel like all these great quarterbacks, I belong in the middle with all of them. If I was a few years younger, you never know. Maybe I'd go a little higher, but I don't think on draft day it's going to be that big of an issue."
On the other hand, the maturity that comes with being 28 — and having started playing professional baseball as early as age 18 — makes him ready to handle the role of an NFL starter both physically and mentally.
"From a maturity standpoint, I've already been a pro," Weeden said. "That's what I've been telling teams and they agree with me. I think that's the maturity factor that really helps me have an opportunity to play right away if I needed to."
4:30 p.m. EST: There's been a flurry of activity in the media room. That's included top prospects Trent Richardson and Robert Griffin III. You can listen to the audio from Richardson and from Griffin III while we work on transcribing some of the other players. Look for more from Richardson and Griffin III, along with bits from Luck and Elway later today in the top story.
4:47 p.m. EST: A few quick hits as players continue to make their way into the media room — a steady stream of prospects.
"It was decided in a series of unfortunate events for other people. John Moffitt, who is now in Seattle, tore his peck. Billy Nagy, who is now on the Dallas Cowboys, had a terrible car accident that wasn't his fault, and then Travis Frederick, who was the backup center at that point and is playing left guard for us right now, rolled up his ankle on a play and went out.
"Coach grabbed me from the tackle spot, put me at center and I never looked back. I bumped John Moffitt over to left guard. I love it. I like having the ability to make the calls, to make the adjustments, to be that center guy and be able to communicate with everybody and get things going on the right track."
You may recall:
"It never fails, it happened two years ago, but they still ask me about it," Sanders laughed. "It was just a freeze play … I guess it looks bad when just one person freezes. But it's fine."
Another interesting fact about Sanders? He played viola through high school.
"I'd practice and then go home real quick, change into a tuxedo and go play a concert," he said. "That was school for me."
"A lot of people, they look at our body builds — we look the same," Quick said of tall receiver prospects. "But as a person, we're different. We're different people. My character, definitely, will have to separate me from a lot of people. Then, coming out there and showing them my hands — catching everything — and speed. Guys my size, some of them can't run. So I have to separate myself right there."
"Von, he actually came back just to be with us," Gray said. "He told me last year during this combine he wanted to come back and do it all over with us. We came in together, now we've been doing everything else together. He just told me to be me. He told Jeff (Fuller) the same thing — just do what you do, go out there and play and you'll perform at your best level."
""I don't really know. It's up to the teams to see that. I'm aggressive, I like football, I'm a hard worker — I don't really like to talk about myself."
When prodded again, he gave his answer in the form of a question.
"Play football better than anyone?" he ventured. "That's what it's about."
DeCastro said he watched the 49ers, led by former Stanford Head Coach Jim Harbaugh, closely this season and was happy for their success — a lot of which he could see coming.
"They had the same offense we ran," he said. "I noticed a lot of plays — I knew exactly what they were running most of the time, the same play calls. That was a lot of fun."
5:02 p.m. EST: Quarterback Kellen Moore finished his college career at Boise State as NCAA Division I's all-time winningest quarterback with his 50-3 overall record. Yet, he's had plenty of critics as he tries to take his career to the next level, most of which question his height.
So, what did he officially measure in at today?
"I got to six foot today. You guys can all happily let everyone know that," he said with a laugh. "Six with a bunch of zeroes at the end."
Moore isn't concerned draft pundits who are discounting his collegiate success due to his physical stature.
"Oh it's fine," he said smiling. "There's a lot of ways to evaluate a quarterback. Some evaluate it and put a lot of emphasis on that. That's fine. Smile, and move on."
He doesn't have any resentment for having to answer questions about his ability after finishing his college career with more than 14,000 passing yards and 142 touchdowns with just 28 interceptions.
"I'm fine," he said. "It is what it is, bottom line. At the end of the day you're going to get an opportunity to play football. Once you get that opportunity essentially it's up to you. It's your opportunity to showcase what you can do."
5:17 p.m. EST: Another quarterback that has had to answer questions about his height is Wisconsin's Russell Wilson, who measured in at 5-10½ today.
"I'm a 5-foot-11 quarterback, but I believe I can make every single throw on the football field," Wilson said. "Honestly, I believe the height is not a factor at all. I have great feet in the pocket. Drew Brees has unbelievable feet. I watch tons and tons of film on him, and the things that he does in the pocket are incredible."
Wilson said that he uses other physical attributes to overcome the lack of height.
"I definitely believe that I'm one of the most athletic guys here, without a doubt in my mind," he said when asked how he can be successful in the NFL given his height. "I think that gives me an advantage. I have a high, quick release."
His athleticism earned him attention from Major League Baseball teams earlier in his career. In fact, he has already played in the organization of one of Denver's professional sports teams. The Rockies drafted Wilson with the 140th overall pick in the 2010 MLB draft and he spent some time with the club's Class A affiliate, the Asheville Tourists.
Wilson batted .228 in 61 games for the team with five doubles, four triples, three home runs and 15 stolen bases before returning his attention to football and transferring from North Carolina State to Wisconsin for the 2011 college football season.
"That was a blessing in my life," he said. "The Lord gave me the talent to be able to play two great sports, but I'm 100 percent focused on football."
5:27 p.m. EST: Two players who spent time with current Broncos in college met the press this afternoon – Miami offensive lineman Brandon Washington, who played on the same O-Line as Orlando Franklin and Florida running back Chris Rainey, who played with Tim Tebow.
Washington said that Franklin helped push him in practice with the Hurricanes.
"He kept me competing with him," Washington said. "When I first got there I was behind him at left guard. … I think we both kept each other going. There were times when we were battling and he told me that I wouldn't see the field behind him. He just kept me going and added fuel to the fire."
The Miami lineman followed Franklin's rookie season with the Broncos and was happy for his former teammate.
"He's playing in the next level and did pretty good starting all those games," he said. "Since day one, he went in and did what he had do to."
Minutes later, Rainey was asked about the prospects of reuniting with his former teammate, Tebow.
"I know he's a winner and a great player," he said. "I wouldn't mind (playing with him again)."
When a reporter asked if he was concerned that Tebow could outrush him if they shared a backfield, Rainey burst out laughing.
"That's one thing you have to look out for," he said when he regained his composure.
5:42 p.m. EST: Clemson tight end Dwayne Allen came to the podium after finishing his bench press testing, during which he posted 27 reps.
"Can you see the pumped chest? Can you see it? You see it?" he joked.
Allen talked about his desire to be used in both the run and pass game, saying he takes pride in his versatility.
"I'm a complete tight end," he said. "I'm a guy that's going to be on the field whether it's first-and-10,
third-and-short or fourth-and-forever. I'm not going to come off the field, and I feel like that's an advantage to whatever
offense that decides to take me."
In college, he was used in a variety of formations – as a wideout, fullback and on the line as a blocking tight end. Clemson's coaches called his role the 'sniffer position.'
"I lined up all over the place, he said. "I was out wide. I was in the slot. Like you said, I was in the backfield. I was backed up beside the quarterback."
The Mackey Award recipient this season, Allen said he's been motioning across formations and lining up at different offensive positions since his high school days.
"You know, actually, I did a little of motioning in the backfield in high school, but this year, Coach Morris brought that
different style offense in, that kind of Auburnish-style offense, and he said he was going to make me the most versatile player
in the country," he said. "I believe he did that, as far as the tight end position."
Allen enjoyed watching as the tight end position received more attention in the NFL this season — especially in the playoffs.
"Watching the playoffs was great," he said. "Watching the end of the season – seeing all the tight ends shine and get love was great."
That's it for today's availability. We're working on the top story that will contain pieces from the biggest names to talk today – John Elway, Robert Griffin III, Andrew Luck and Trent Richardson.
Thanks for sticking with us today. We'll have plenty more from the Combine tomorrow when defensive linemen and linebackers are set to meet the press here in Indianapolis.
-Gray Caldwell & Stuart Zaas
Tags: NFL Scouting Combine


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The Unstable Repeats—Three Evolving Faces of Neurological Disease
The Unstable Repeats—Three Evolving Faces of Neurological Disease
Neuron, Volume 77, Issue 5,
Pages 825-843,
Publication Date 6 March 2013
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.02.022
David L. Nelson
Harry T. Orr
Stephen T. Warren
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Corresponding author
Disorders characterized by expansion of an unstable nucleotide repeat account for a number of inherited neurological diseases. Here, we review examples of unstable repeat disorders that nicely illustrate three of the major pathogenic mechanisms associated with these diseases: loss of function typically by disrupting transcription of the mutated gene, RNA toxic gain of function, and protein toxic gain of function. In addition to providing insight into the mechanisms underlying these devastating neurological disorders, the study of these unstable microsatellite repeat disorders has provided insight into very basic aspects of neuroscience.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
January 22, 2010
Zack Lehatto USCFootball.com
Lane Kiffin and his staff are swinging for the proverbial fences until Nation Signing Day. One of those swings is 6-foot-6, 315-pound offensive tackle Arie Kouandjio. The mammoth OT has two early favorites and two key visits remaining. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Solo® diaphragm.
2014 Master Catalog: Page 283
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Haven't installed it yrt.
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Comments about Solo Diaphragm:
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Hi, I have cs5 extended student and teacher edition - Windows - there is a top level 3D menu available to me. But when I follow instructions to create 3D text, the 3D options are unavailable to me. Just wondering if anyone out there might be able to help? Thanks.
I'm trying to learn how to use the Repousse tool / feature (to do extruded text etc0 and have found one of many tutorials that give step by step instructions. So for example, the initial instructions are as follows:-
Step 1 - Open Photoshop extended and using horizontal type tool, type 3D using Impact font.
Step 2. Go to 3D > Repousse > Text Layer
I get as far as creating text and when I click on the 3D menu, the Repousse option is disabled, as are all the options except the 'auto- hide layers for performance'.
So not quite sure where to go from here. I've checked and 'OpenGL' is enabled.
Hi again, have just trawled sites looking for answer and found a query very similar to mine - I was working in CMYK and apparantly switching mode to RGB enables Repousse tool.
Tried this just now and success. Can't believe that it was something so simple. Thankyou for taking the time to respond.


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The Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Last Modified: May 3, 2002
Nan I silver print 6 x 6 inches 1988
Nan II silver print 6 x 6 inches 1988
My twin sister and I shared our lives for 49 years. I photographed her during her battle with cancer. This is Nan the day after she died.
Build My Patient Treatment Binder
O-Pro: Portal for Oncology Professionals


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Siberian Tiger Park
Last updated by meimeili at 2013-11-1
Things to Do
The Breeding Program
The Highlights
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Other Attractions
Solo Adventure Tips:
No. 88, Songbei Street, Daowai District, Harbin City
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Book Description:Thousands of real estate professionals like you have relied on this popular text to learn everything they needed to know about the practice of real estate in Texas. Both authoritative and specific to unique real estate practices of Texas, this principles book covers everything from brokerage, appraisal, financing, contract, closing and investments. All the core topics of real estate are thoroughly covered so you can be confident you'll be well prepared to enter your new career in real estate. You'll learn about land descriptions, rights and interests, fair housing, taxes, leases, condominiums, zoning, licensing and the use of computers in real estate. Also, you'll appreciate the numerous real-world examples from the actual practice of real estate in Texas throughout the book.
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Geophysical fluid dynamics
Geophysical fluid dynamics is the study of naturally occurring, large-scale flows on Earth and other planets. It is applied to the motion of fluids in the ocean and outer core, and to gases in the atmosphere of Earth and other planets. Two features that are common to many of the phenomena studied in geophysical fluid dynamics are rotation of the fluid due to the planetary rotation and stratification (layering). The applications of geophysical fluid dynamics do not generally include the circulation of the mantle, which is the subject of geodynamics, or fluid phenomena in the magnetosphere. Smaller scale flow features (those negligibly influenced by the rotation of the Earth) are the province of fields such as hydrology, physical oceanography and meteorology.[1]
To describe the flow of geophysical fluids, equations are needed for conservation of momentum (or Newton's second law) and conservation of energy. The former leads to the Navier-Stokes equations. Further approximations are generally made. First, the fluid is assumed to be incompressible. Remarkably, this works well even for a highly compressible fluid like air as long as sound and shock waves can be ignored. Second, the fluid is assumed to be a Newtonian fluid, meaning that there is a linear relation between the shear stress τ and the strain u, for example
where μ is the viscosity. Under these assumptions the Navier-Stokes equations are
The left hand side represents the acceleration that a small parcel of fluid would experience in a reference frame that moved with the parcel (a Lagrangian frame of reference). In a stationary (Eulerian) frame of reference, this acceleration is divided into the local rate of change of velocity and advection, a measure of the rate of flow in or out of a small region.[2]
The equation for energy conservation is essentially an equation for heat flow. If heat is transported by conduction, the heat flow is governed by a diffusion equation. If there are also buoyancy effects, for example hot air rising, then natural convection can occur.
Buoyancy and stratification[edit]
Fluid that is less dense than its surroundings tends to rise until it has the same density as its surroundings. If there is not much energy input to the system, it will tend to become stratified. On a large scale, Earth's atmosphere is divided into a series of layers. Going upwards from the ground, these are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
The density of air is mainly determined by temperature and water vapor content, the density of sea water by temperature and salinity, and the density of lake water by temperature. Where stratification occurs, there may be thin layers in which temperature or some other property changes more rapidly with height or depth than the surrounding fluid. Depending on the main sources of buoyancy, this layer may be called a pycnocline (density), thermocline (temperature), halocline (salinity), or chemocline (chemistry, including oxygenation).
The same buoyancy that gives rise to stratification also drives gravity waves. If the gravity waves occur within the fluid, they are called internal waves.
In modeling buoyancy-driven flows, the Navier-Stokes equations are modified using the Boussinesq approximation. This ignores variations in density except where they are multiplied by the gravitational acceleration g.
If the pressure depends only on density and vice versa, the fluid dynamics are called barotropic. In the atmosphere, this corresponds to a lack of fronts, as in the tropics. If there are fronts, the flow is baroclinic, and instabilities such as cyclones can occur.[3]
Barotropic waves[edit]
- Coriolis effect
- Circulation
- Kelvin's circulation theorem
- Vorticity equation
- Thermal wind
- Geostrophic current
- Geostrophic wind
- Taylor–Proudman theorem
- Hydrostatic equilibrium
- Ekman spiral
- Ekman layer
General circulation[edit]
- Atmospheric circulation
- Ocean current
- Ocean dynamics
- Thermohaline circulation
- Boundary current
- Sverdrup balance
- Subsurface currents
- ^ Pedlosky 1987, pages 1-2
- ^ Tritton 1990
- ^ Haby 2011
See also[edit]
- Cushman-Roisin, Benoit; Beckers, Jean-Marie (October 2011). Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Physical and Numerical Aspects (Second ed.). Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-088759-0. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
- Gill, A.E. (1982). Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press.
- Haby, Jeff. "Barotropic and baroclinic defined". Haby's weather forecasting hints. Retrieved September 2011.
- McWilliams, J. (2006). Fundamentals of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press.
- Monin, A.S. (1990). Theoretical Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Kluwer.
- Pedlosky, Joseph (1987). Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (Second ed.). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-96387-1.
- Salmon, R. (1998). Lectures on Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Oxford University Press.
- Tritton, D. J. (1990). Physical Fluid Dynamics (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854489-8.
- Vallis, G.K. (2006). Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics: Fundamentals and Large-Scale Circulation. Cambridge University Press.
External links[edit]
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Program (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (University of Washington)


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read reviews [2]
Serves four.
In a large bowl, whisk the miso, sake, mirin, soy sauce, and sesame oil until combined. Add the halibut, turn to coat with the marinade, cover, and refrigerate for 30 minutes.
Position a rack 4 inches from the broiler element and heat the broiler to high. Line a heavy-duty rimmed baking sheet with foil and set a flat metal rack in (or over) the pan. Remove the fish from the marinade and arrange it on the rack, skinned side up. With a brush, generously dab and drizzle some of the marinade over the fish. Broil the fish until it's brown in spots, 3 to 4 minutes. Gently flip it with a spatula and dab most or all of the remaining marinade on the second side. Broil until the fish is browned in spots, flaky, moist, and just cooked through (use the tip of a paring knife to check), 3 to 5 minutes more.
If you can't find halibut, try substituting swordfish or mahi mahi.
Serve with a colorful vegetable stir-fry.
nutrition information (per serving): Calories (kcal): 430; Fat (g): 26; Fat Calories (kcal): 230; Saturated Fat (g): 4.5; Protein (g): 30; Monounsaturated Fat (g): 15; Carbohydrates (g): 12; Polyunsaturated Fat (g): 2.5; Sodium (mg): 920; Cholesterol (mg): 85; Fiber (g): 3;
Photo: Scott Phillips
by MisoB, 3/26/2009I've cooked this recipe a couple times now with black cod and it is delicious! The deep buttery flavor of the black cod is a nice balance for this lighter marinade. Pieces were medium-thickness so the fish cooked fully by the time the glaze caramelized. I also reapplied the glaze a couple times while broiling to keep the glaze moist and prevent it from burning.
by G.K., 3/2/2009Not even close to the Japanese restaurant dish after which this recipe is modeled. Followed the recipe exactly with all the right ingredients, but the miso glaze is too mild and lacks deep flavor. Halibut overcooks (even at minimum time specified) by the time miso glaze caramelizes.


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Cindy Rodriguez
Cindy Rodriguez is the Urban Policy reporter for New York Public Radio.
In Manhattan Supreme Court Friday, attorneys for Legal Aid and the City Council argued against a policy that would allow city shelters to impose stricter eligibility rules.
The rules would require single adults applying for shelter prove they have no other place to stay.
Legal Aid attorney Steve Banks said the policy constitutes a new rule and according to the city charter, must be presented to the public prior to implementation. "The city decided that it would attempt to implement this policy without any public debate or public consideration despite the fact that it will have dramatic impact on New Yorkers whether they are homeless or not," he said.
Advocates predict the policy will result in more people sleeping on city streets after being denied shelter in error.
In court, city lawyers argued that the policy is not a new rule and that it has been in effect, though never implemented, for 17 years.
"We've had the authority to do this for many years and now we are moving ahead because of the changing nature of the people applying for shelter," Homeless Services Commissioner Seth Diamond said.
The city maintains that more people applying for shelter have other options — either living with family or friends — and should return to those places, if at all possible. It also estimates that if the rule were implemented roughly 10 percent of all applicants would be found ineligible for shelter, resulting in a savings of roughly $4 million. The annual budget for Homeless Services is roughly $800 million.
If the city wins in court and implements the new rule, Diamond said the city would offer furniture to those willing to take a family member or friend back in.
"This is a modest investment, a couch, an air mattress, something like that," Diamond said. "That would allow a mother to take her son back."
These eligibility policies already exist for families that seek city shelter and homeless advocates have long complained that people are forced back into homes where they are not wanted or that are too overcrowded.
Diamond said no one would be asked to return to a place that did not have adequate space.
Judge Judith Gische said it would likely take a month for her to rule on whether the city should have put the policy up for public debate. A second challenge to the policy involves whether it violates a 30-year-old consent decree that requires the city to give shelter to a certain class of individuals.
The city is expected to hold off on implementation of the new policy until at least the first challenge is decided.
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Shyness can keep a child from feeling confident and ready to interact with others. The ways in which we teach, respond and support a child will help her develop the confidence to build healthy relationships. Some children are naturally slow to warm, and are more comfortable easing into new situations. This is true of many young children, who are learning to navigate social situations and new life experiences. Recognize your child�s emotions, without reinforcing them. For the truly shy child,...
A Delaware State Police trooper, 38-year-old Master Cpl. Andrel Martinez of Milford, was arrested Friday amid allegations that he misused his access to criminal records in an ongoing domestic dispute with his former girlfriend.
Josh Brolinhas opened up about his struggles with substance abuse in a new interview withThe Guardian."I tried heroin," Brolin admits. "That sounds so horrible when you put it like that. But yeah, I tried heroin. I mean, I never got ...
Anders Holmhas joined theHow I Met Your Dadpilot as the soon-to-be ex-husband ofGreta Gerwig's Sally, TVGuide.com has confirmed.
Though no official castings have been announced, the rumor mill is working overtime when it comes to reported castings forStar Wars: Episode VII. So who might be feeling the force inJ.J. Abrams' upcoming installment?
Jamie Lynn Spearsand her fiance James Watson tied the knot in New Orleanson Friday,E! Newsreports.20 stars you didn't know were on SNL
Word of the Dayincipient \ in-SIP-ee-uhnt \ adjective; Beginning to exist or appear. � Dictionary.comWebsite of the DayFuture Timelinewww.futuretimeline.net
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European Greens: the WTO is a Threat to Regional Fisheries
Michael Earle Brussels, 8 July 2003 The world's fisheries are in a state of crisis. Virtually everywhere you look, fish stocks are over-fished and fishing fleets are far too large, while control and surveillance of fishing activities are far too often poor or non-existent. Huge quantities of fish are simply thrown away (up to a quarter of all fish caught) and much of the fish taken in the waters of low-income, food-deficit countries finds its way onto the dinner plates of rich northern consumers. Major reforms of the international management of fisheries are desperately needed, that would be sensitive to the particularities of developing countries and the needs of coastal communities everywhere. It is into this delicate and controversial situation that the WTO has begun to insert itself. What is at Stake in Cancun The Cancun Ministerial meeting of the WTO will discuss the matter of fisheries. Ostensibly, according to the Doha Declaration, the primary focus of the discussions is to bring "discipline" to the practice of subsidizing the fishing industry, to the extent that these subsidies may distort trade. This will be dealt with in the Negotiating Group on Rules. However, there is also a cross reference to fisheries subsidies in the paragraphs on Trade and Environment, leaving open the possibility of extending these discussions to include certain environmental aspects of fisheries, such as management and conservation. This "creeping jurisdiction" is typical of the approach the WTO takes to issues and care must be taken that discussions are limited to trade-distorting subsidies. How the EU Subsidizes the Fishing Industry The European Union has a very long history of providing financial aid to its fishing industry. A wide variety of subsidies is available, including for vessel construction and modernization, vessel scrapping or export, port improvements, joint enterprises and aid for the processing industry. Certain types of socio-economic measures are funded, such as early retirement schemes or for temporary vessel lay-ups. EU-funded agreements for access to fish stocks have been concluded with countries around the world. There is also a limited market intervention scheme. Altogether, these subsidies total about 750 million per year, on average, of EU money (national contributions bring the total to between 1 and 1.5 billion). Other types of support include tax reductions for fuel, access to port facilities and reduced tariffs for imported fish, but no published data exist on the amounts involved. Of these, the most controversial have doubtless been those geared towards the fleets themselves - in a situation of grossly excessive fishing capacity, the EU continues to place greater emphasis on funding the construction and modernization of vessels than on vessel removal (destruction or export). The network of fisheries agreements has also been blamed for contributing to overfishing in the waters of developing countries, resulting in local problems of food security and economic hardship, for these EU vessels benefit from subsidies not available to the local fleets. In the EU's much-vaunted reform of the Common Fisheries Policy in December 2002, some of the more outrageous subsidies were constrained. Construction, modernization or export of vessels will no longer be supported after 2004; rather, emphasis is to be placed on reduction of fleet size. On the assumption that it has now sufficiently cleaned up its own house, the EU is now proposing that the WTO agree to ban certain types of subsidies while allowing others to continue - not surprisingly, the list of forbidden and approved subsidies mirrors the December decisions. What the Competition Pays Despite considerable recent interest in attempting to quantify the extent of global fisheries subsidies, no clear consensus has emerged on how much money is actually involved. In part, this is due to differing definitions on what actually constitutes a subsidy. Should management expenses such as surveillance or stock assessments be included? Is development aid for small-scale fisheries in developing countries a subsidy? But more importantly, it is a result of a lack of transparency and public access to the relevant data. Nonetheless, surveys by the World Bank, the OECD, UNEP, APEC and FAO have demonstrated that significant amounts of money are funnelled into the fishing industry, possibly as much as $15 to 20 billion per year, equal to 20% to 25% of dockside revenues. Canada, the EU, Japan, Korea, Norway and the USA are among the heavier contributors. Discussions in the WTO There are two schools of thought on what should be done about fisheries subsidies. One, which refers to itself as the "Friends of Fish" (FoF) and includes Australia, Ecuador, Philippines, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Iceland, Norway and the US, argues that certain subsidies not only lead to over-capacity of the world's fishing fleets and depleted fish stocks, but, even worse, they commit the cardinal sin of distorting trade. According to this line of reasoning, in situations of competition for access to fish stocks, especially depleted stocks, fleets benefiting from such subsidies as third-country agreements or aid for fleet construction have an unfair advantage compared to non-subsidized ones. Since one third of the global catch enters international trade, this inevitably leads to trade distortions. Japan and Korea are of the opposite view - there is no evidence that subsidies lead to over-fishing, stock depletion or trade distortions, and these unfortunate situations are best dealt with by improved international cooperation in fisheries management and control. Consequently there is no need to treat fisheries subsidies any differently from any other type of industrial support. Indeed, they reject the precedent of giving fisheries a special treatment. It is doubtless true that fishing fleets are too large at the global level, and that this has led to depleted stocks. The extensive financial support given by certain governments to the fishing industry has played a role in this. To that extent, any reduction in subsidies to the fleets is arguably a good thing, so the recent decision by the EU should be welcomed and other countries should be encouraged to reduce their subsidies as well. However, that does not automatically mean that the WTO should be given a pre-eminent role in discussions outside the context of trade. Subsidies are only part of the complex of problems with fisheries management today. Among others are: strong market demand encourages massive flows of fish from the developing countries to the rich markets of the north (via vessel exports, fishing agreements or illegal fishing), often from the poorest, most fishery-dependent regions; landings by subsidized vessels from industrialized countries into developing countries may cause distortions in local markets; control and surveillance on the high seas are virtually non-existent, while in the waters of many developing countries it is scarcely any better, due to a lack of financial and other resources; fisheries management is too often based upon the flawed concept of maximum sustainable yield, a practice that is known to lead to over-exploitation and depleted stocks, especially in concert with political manipulation of the management process; recent development of a precautionary approach to fisheries has not been widely adopted; extensive use is made of flags of convenience, especially by ship-owners in rich countries, in order to escape the constraints of conservation and management measures, safety and labour standards and other norms. The current regime of subsidies may play a role in some of these problems, and to that extent the WTO discussions could play a positive role in improving the lot of fish stocks or coastal fishing communities in both developing and developed countries. But subsidies are only part of the problem, and far more comprehensive and radical reforms to the global system of fisheries management are necessary. Further, it is not as easy as it might seem to determine if certain types of subsidies are "environmentally friendly" or not. For instance, if ship-owners know that they can always get a million euros or more to decommission or export their fishing vessel when things get really difficult, that can act as an incentive for them to keep fishing longer than they otherwise might. Similarly, aid for the fleets can be put to a number of good uses, such as improving gear selectivity or fuel efficiency. A truly innovative programme could even be used to reshape the fishing fleet, placing more emphasis on the development of smaller vessels that provide more employment while doing less harm to the marine environment, thus reversing the current trend towards excessively efficient monster vessels that make unsustainable catches with minimal crews. Certain types of government expenditure, though, should clearly not be described as subsidies; programmes for stock assessments, control and surveillance and research into gear selectivity, among others, belong within the mandate of governments, which are responsible for managing fisheries for the public trust. One possible guideline that could be used is the extent to which subsidies contribute to the realization of the principles of good fisheries management and the application of a precautionary approach, as defined in Articles 5 and 6 of the UN Fish Stocks Agreement. While the Agreement is restricted to straddling and highly migratory stocks, its principles are relevant to fisheries in all waters. In short, bringing some sanity to the use of subsidies for the fishing industry, without at the same time favouring the fleets of the world's richest and most powerful countries, is a very laudable objective, but it is also a very complicated affair, necessarily paying great attention to regional conditions. The sledge-hammer approach that the WTO is well known for is not conducive to these subtleties, which implies that strict constraints on the mandate for the discussions are necessary. A More Tailored Regional Approach The appropriate venue for the examination of the factors contributing to the current depleted status of so many fish stocks is the network of multilateral bodies that have been developed for just such a purpose - the regional fisheries organizations (RFOs). They differ widely in their geographical scope, their mandate, their effectiveness and their membership, but they have been specifically designed as fora for fisheries management and cooperation. While none of them are ideal, the recent entry into force of the UN Fish Stocks Agreement has significantly strengthened the importance of RFOs and should lead to a greater degree of harmonization among their provisions. Recent examples show how the RFOs are coming to grips with excessively large fishing fleet capacity, which, in the absence of effective management, is arguably the single biggest threat to sustainable fishing. Some, particularly the tuna RFOs, have begun to establish explicit limits on the capacity that is authorized in a fishery. The members of ICCAT have agreed to limit the capacity of their fleets in certain fisheries (albacore, bigeye) and the IOTC is considering a similar approach. The IATTC reached an agreement on limiting capacity for 1999 but were not able to agree for subsequent years. Agreeing on how many vessels to allow into a fishery is only a first step, obviously, as deterrence must be established to prevent other fleets from fishing without authorization. Two approaches have focussed on denying market access. Catch documentation schemes use certificates to identify fish that has been caught in conformity with the appropriate management measures of the RFO. CCAMLR , ICCAT and the CCSBT use variations on this theme and contracting parties are to prohibit the importation of fish that is not accompanied by a certificate. The most interesting measure so far adopted by an RFO though is the prohibition of imports from specified countries. Over a period of years, ICCAT has formally identified several countries as fishing outside the internationally agreed conservation and management programme and adopted bans against the importation of certain species of tuna. At present, five countries are sanctioned, including both ICCAT members and non-members. Considering the current poor state of the world's fish resources, it is obvious that the RFOs still have a long way to go but it is equally clear that they are showing encouraging signs of waking up from their lethargy. ICCAT is a good example, having shown impressive imagination, even daring, in its recent activities. Though the import bans adopted there have not been challenged under the WTO, the WTO Secretariat has stated that they are "WTO-consistent (i.e. non-discriminatory) use of trade measures". Fish stocks, fishing fleets and capital are all highly mobile, so considerable coordination and among RFOs is required if their management is to be effective and lead to sustainable fisheries - they can no longer act in isolation from each other. FAO has been of some help in this regard but there is an urgent need for deeper and broader levels of cooperation. Regional Fisheries Organizations or the WTO? The WTO has proven itself to be an institution of remarkably little subtlety or nuance. It tends to approach issues from a single perspective, that of their impact on trade, and usually even that is limited to impact on the trading economies of the richest countries. However, the WTO is the body with a mandate to adopt rules on subsidies, and subsidies have contributed to overfishing and depleted stocks, as well as economic hardship and local market disruption in developing countries. The challenge is thus to use the clout of the WTO to reduce the destructive influence of subsides while not allowing it to take control over the international system that has been built up for fisheries management. The WTO should strictly limit its mandate to subsidies and other trade-distorting mechanisms such as tariffs. All other aspects of fisheries are best left to the bodies that are specialized to deal with them, including the FAO and the various RFOs. Conservation measures that these bodies have so far taken, including catch documentation schemes, trade restrictions and access limits to fish stocks must be preserved and supported, rather than undermined in the name of free trade. The WTO's role must be a supportive one, in that its activities must be geared to facilitate the implementation of the conservation and management measures that the RFOs, with their far greater expertise and more specific mandate, decide are necessary. It is particularly important to ensure that developing countries are given the help that they need, as so far, both bilateral and multilateral aid schemes are often linked to access agreements or tariff reductions. If the demands being made by the Friends of Fish for the Doha Agenda are limited to this, and if they can simultaneously use their enormous political and economic influence to improve the effectiveness of the RFOs to reduce overfishing, provide help to developing countries and to strengthen control and surveillance programmes, then the Round will have accomplished something worthwhile with respect to fisheries. reprinted courtesy of the H. Boell Foundation, Germany


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This actually wouldn't dissuade me at all from flying JetBlue. And
lots of people would be able to use the gift certificate to Bed, Bath
& Beyond.
Dr. Tantillo ('the marketing doctor') did two posts on his branding
blog (http://blog.marketingdoctor.tv) a while back, criticizing
JetBlue for their frequent flyer program, which is a bit of a dirty
trick (I coughed up the $40/year to get their credit card and be able
to keep the miles I accumulate):
But this particular move is very straight-forward and doesn't seem
inconsistent at all with JetBlue's brand.


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Tag: openstreetmap
Hundreds of users, contributors, and mappers are converging next month in San Francisco to discuss [OpenStreetMap](http://www.openstreetmap.org/), the free and editable map of the world often called the "Wikipedia of maps." More than 1 million people have signed up to contribute to OpenStreetMap, making it the world's largest open-source map. Here at [MapBox](http://mapbox.com/) we're interested in [...] more »
2012 was the year in which a wide audience began to understand the process behind making maps — and that it's a massive, global effort in the pursuit of better and more complete map data. [OpenStreetMap](http://www.openstreetmap.org/), a collaborative, open data process for making maps, has continued its fast growth last year [hitting its million contributors [...] more »
Many months ago, we were approached about helping start up a LocalWiki project in Antarctica. In. Antarctica. Antarctica! The project, named "Open Antarctica," would aim to initially document a region of roughly 2 miles surrounding the Palmer Station United States base on the Antarctic Peninsula. Our first question was: wait, there's Internet in Antarctica? And [...] more »
The Knight Foundation today announced the winners of the second round of its News Challenge, a contest aimed at funding innovators in the media industry. In this round, which focused on data, Knight awarded six grants totaling $2.22 million. Knight announced earlier in the year that it was changing the rules of the News Challenge [...] more »
[OpenStreetMap](http://www.openstreetmap.org/), the free and editable map of the world, kicked off its [international conference](http://www.stateofthemap.org/) today in Tokyo, with the entire first day dedicated to improving disaster response and crisis mapping. With the March 2011 [Tōhoku tsunami](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami) still fresh on people's minds and events like the recent [Talas Typhoon](http://www.newsonjapan.com/html/newsdesk/article/91740.php) reminding us that disasters are a constant [...] more »
Hundreds of delegates from government, civil society, and business gathered in Brasilia recently for the first [Open Government Partnership meetings](http://www.opengovpartnership.org/Brasilia2012) since the inception of this initiative. Transparency, accountability, and open data as fundamental building blocks of a new, open form of government were the main issues debated. With the advent of these meetings, we took [...] more »
We recently released [MapBox Streets](http://mapbox.com/tour/#maps), a zoomable web map of the world that's powered entirely by open data through the [OpenStreetMap](http://www.openstreetmap.org/) project. Our main focus with MapBox Streets was to provide a beautiful street map alternative to the ones normally seen online, primarily Google Maps, and to make it incredibly easy for people to start [...] more »
Mapping can be as much about choosing what data not to include as to include, so you can best focus your audience on the story you are telling. Oftentimes with data visualization projects, the story isn't about the streets or businesses or parks, but rather about the data you're trying to layer on the map. [...] more »
This week I'm at [Innovation Lab Pakistan](http://pk.innolab.info/), helping train journalists and media activists from Pakistan and Afghanistan on how to better leverage technology in their stories and media advocacy. We've blogged before about how maps can quickly tell the story behind complex issues like the [famine in the Horn of Africa](http://www.pbs.org/idealab/2011/08/using-maps-to-make-sense-of-the-unimaginable-in-the-horn-of-africa238.html) and [violence against journalists [...] more »
One of our favorite collaborative open data projects is [OpenStreetMap](http://www.openstreetmap.org). We've [talked before](http://www.pbs.org/idealab/2010/10/openstreetmaps-audacious-goal-free-open-map-of-the-world288.html) about the project's goals, how its free and open nature is advantageous for non-profit and commercial applications alike, and how its open and near-real-time editing process is a major [advantage in rapidly changing situations](http://www.pbs.org/idealab/2010/12/how-openstreetmap-helps-to-curb-haitis-cholera-epidemic342.html), from city construction projects to natural disasters. The [...] more »


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Video: Politics
Americans have "the right to be stupid": John Kerry (0:59)
Feb. 26 - U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, in Berlin as part of his first overseas tour at his new post, says that in America one has ''the right to be stupid''. Rough Cut (no reporter narration). ( Transcript )
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Hard-edged reporting, insight and analysis, Reuters TV breaks ground creating informative news and financial videos. Showcasing Reuters' 3000 award-winning journalists, Reuters TV delivers high-energy investigative journalism with concise explanations. Check it out and let us know what you think.


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CD/LP/Track Review
Paul Dunmall Octet: Bridging The Great Divide (2004)
Listenability is the reason to drop the needle, er put the CD laser to a Paul Dunmall recording. His music is created to be listened to, not just be a great cathartic experience for the musicians. When he records his octet, he creates a flow of improvised jazz, folk, bebop, and classical forms—a sort of structured improvising that even Herr Brötzmann has taken to lately in his Tentet recordings. Dunmall's Octet includes the members from the jazz collective Mujician—Keith Tippett, Paul Rogers and Tony Levin, plus two trombones, a trumpet and a second tenor saxophone.
This live date from the 2002 "Jazz em Agusto" festival in Lisbon recreates the 2000 five-part movement recording of Great Divide (Cuneiform), using it as the skeletal frame for this outing. This lengthy piece, nearly an hour long, plays out as an epic journey of music. The disc opens with a four minute bagpipe solo by Dunmall, before a thunderous drum roll segues into a post-bop intermission. From there Dunmall and crew weave passages of lengthy improvisation and freedom. The musicians think, "score, we don't need no stinkin' score!"; they know the design and follow Dunmall's cues to create an elastic living document.
For this part the leader reminds listeners of both early and late Coltrane, touching on bebop to interstellar space. Fans of Keith Tippett's inside the piano works and Paul Rutherford's bone-talk will also be satisfied. I for one continue to be an admirer of the solo work of bassist Paul Rogers. He can walk the walk and make his music talk.
The encore finds Dunmall, Levin, Rogers and Tippett back on stage for a (brief) nine minute free jazz workout, a musical release from the structure of Dunmall's epic.
Track Listing: The Great Divide; Wind.
Personnel: Paul Dunmall - Tenor Saxophone, Bagpipes; Paul Rutherford - Trombone; Malcom Griffiths - Trombone; Gethin Liddington - Trumpet; Simon Picard - Tenor Saxophone; Keith Tippett - Piano; Paul Rogers - Bass; Tony Levin - Drums.
Style: Modern Jazz


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When you think of endangered species, I'll bet you don't think about Matschie's Tree Kangaroos. Tree kangaroos and coffee also make an unlikely pairing. But I'm here to tell you [...]
Revised on February 8, 2013Indo-Pacific
Doi Chaang Wild Civet coffee is produced from the scat of strictly wild civets eating only high quality, organic arabica beans in Thailand. For those who feel compelled or interested in having an animal processed coffee and are willing to pay for the rarity and novelty, this is it.
Revised on September 9, 2013


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Mr. Dick HowardJune 25, 2003 TOWARD CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY IN IRAQ AN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE A. E. DICK HOWARD White Burkett Miller Professor of Law and Public Affairs Roy L. and Rosamond Woodruff Morgan Research Professor of Law University of Virginia Joint hearing on "Constitutionalism, Human Rights, and the Rule of Law in Iraq" Senate Committee on the Judiciary Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Washington, D.C. June 25, 2003 This experience in comparative constitutionalism has drawn me to ask questions about the extent to which one country can assist in, or make judgments about, another country's constitutional journey. How well do constitutional ideas travel, especially across the boundaries of different cultures or legal systems? Are there universal values by which the relative success of a constitutional system may be measured? Or, as some people argue, must constitutions ultimately be grounded in a country's culture, history, traditions, and circumstances? For Americans, there is the specific question: what relevance does the American constitutional experience have for other countries? THE EXPERIENCE OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE To sharpen these questions, consider the experience of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. After the collapse of communism, each of those countries set out to write new constitutions and to design institutions thought to promote constitutional liberal democracy. Drafters in those countries ( Poland, Hungary, etc.) had several sources on which they could draw in devising new constitutions. (1) In some cases they could look back to their own indigenous sources and experience. For example, Poles recall the traditions of constitutionalism associated with the memorable Constitution of May 3, 1791. Hungarians have a strong tradition of the rule of law, having its roots as early as the Golden Bull of 1222. But such traditions are often fragmentary and remote, Few countries in Central and Eastern had any extended experience with either constitutionalism, democracy, or the rule of law before 1989 (Czechoslovakia's vibrant democracy between the world wars was a notable exception). (2) Countries in Central and Eastern Europe have been able to look -- and have looked -- to the experience of Western Europe. Western Europe is, of course, the seat of much of the core of modern constitutional democracy (such as the teachings of the Enlightenment), but also the sources of many of our basic constitutional principles (such as the separation of powers). Moreover, constitutionalism, democracy, and the rule of law have taken hold in manifest ways in Western Europe since World War II. Germany, rising from the ashes of World War, II has become a admirable example of constitutional democracy. Spain, moving beyond the legacy of Franco, has become in every respect a modern Europe state. With these and other examples to study, drafters in Central and Eastern Europe have fashioned constitutional systems which in many obvious ways are modeled upon Western Europe. For example, Germany's Constitutional Court has proved the inspiration for the creation of constitutional courts throughout Central and Eastern Europe. (3) International norms and documents are an important source for constitution-makers in post-communist Europe, just as they are in other parts of the world. Especially is this true in giving shape and protection to human rights. Thus drafters look to such international documents as United Nations conventions and to regional arrangements such as the European Convention on Human Rights and OSCE's Helsinki and Copenhagen documents. Also, it is common for post-communist constitutions to state that international law and agreements shall be domestic law within a country. (4) One would suppose that constitution-makers in Central and Eastern Europe would study the experience of their neighbors in the region. Especially might this seem helpful when these countries have shared many of the problems of the post-communist world, such as the destruction of civil society during the communist era, the stultifying effects of command economies, and the cynicism about public life which was spawned by those years. It is my impression, however, that drafters in the region have not cared much to study their nearest neighbors' experience. This may partly be a consequence of historic enmities in the region. But it may also underscore the powerful pull of western models, especially in light of the pervasive wish of countries in Central and Eastern Europe to "rejoin" the family of Europe, in particular, to become members of the European Union. (5) Has the post-communist world looked to the American experience and to American ideas and models? A superficial look at new constitutions in the region might suggest that American influence has been slight. Throughout Central and Eastern Europe, one sees, for example, parliamentary systems rather than an American-style congressional system, presidential systems which look more to Western Europe (such as France) rather than to the United States, and constitutional courts resembling that of Germany rather than an American-style Supreme Court. The question of American influence -- whether in post-communist Europe or in other countries (such as Iraq) -- requires, however, a deeper enquiry than this superficial survey might suggest.
The American revolutionary period was a time of remarkable innovation and accomplishment. Aware of their special place in history, the founders shaped such ideas as federalism, separation of powers, judicial review, and other concepts which have proved to be among the core principles of modern constitutionalism. not only in the United States, but in many other countries as well. American society differed in important ways from that of Europe; there was, for example, no monarchy and no legally entrenched social order. Even so, Europeans followed with fascination the evolution of American constitutionalism from the revolution, through the making of the Constitution, and beyond. For two centuries and more, there has been intense traffic in constitutional ideas between America and other lands. Highlights of those exchanges include the following. The founding era in France and America. The French Revolution, in 1789, brought close French attention to American ideas. Benjamin Franklin, immensely popular in Paris, undertook to spread news of what was happening in America, as did his successor, Thomas Jefferson. The Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776) influenced the drafting of France's Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789). When the French National Assembly debated France's first constitution, moderate and radical factions invoked examples drawn from the experience with American state constitutions, especially Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Ultimately, French constitutional development took a markedly different course from that of America, but it is instructive that in many ways it was America's founding documents that helped frame the debates in France. Liberalism in the nineteenth century. In the early decades of the nineteenth century, liberal reformers in Europe and in South America invoked the United States as proof that liberal democracy could survive and flourish. When the revolutions of 1848 broke out in Europe, conventions meeting in France and Germany frequently dissected American institutions in deciding what a liberal constitution might look like in Europe. By this time, Toqueville's Democracy in America had heightened interest in the American experience, especially federalism and judicial review. Germany's Paulskirche Constitution, drafted in Frankfort, was not in fact implemented, but its principles, building in part on American ideas (e.g., federalism and constitutional review), have reappeared in Germany's Basic Law of 1949. In South America, the age of Bolivar brought constitutions which were often modeled heavily on the United States Constitution. South American soil was, however, not yet fertile for such transplants, and these experiments were largely failures. Political evangelism in the early twentieth century. When the United States acquired the Philippines as a result of the Spanish-American War, President McKinley described American policy as "benevolent assimilation." These plans included gradual development of self-government, the creation of a system of public education, and the transfer of American legal ideas. The Constitution adopted in 1935 owed much to American influence but drew upon other traditions as well. In 1946 the Philippines became independent. The most famous effort to export American ideas in the early twentieth century was, of course, President Woodrow Wilson's aim, with the allied victory in World War I, to "make the world safe for democracy." Wilson did not think that other countries had to adopt an American-style constitution. But he did emphasize self-determination, free elections, the rule of law, individual rights, and an independent judiciary. The most successful democracy to rise from the ashes of World War I was Czechoslovakia, whose leading founder, Thomas Masaryk, had spent part of the war in the United States, working hard to influence American policy. Japan and Germany after World War II. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, General Douglas MacArthur moved promptly to secure the drafting of a new constitution. Concerned that the Japanese elite, left to their own devices, would make little substantial change from the status quo, MacArthur instructed his military government to draft a constitution, which they did in a matter of days. Debate still continues, especially among Japanese politicians and scholars, over the extent to which the Constitution of Japan was imposed or has become in fact Japanese. By the time drafting got underway on what became Germany's Basic Law of 1949, the Cold War was beginning to dominate American foreign policy. The occupying allied powers had a say, of course, in shaping German post-war policy. But, with the Americans and their allies seeing the Soviet Union as the greater threat, the Germans had a freer hand in the Basic Law's drafting. There are important ways in which the Basic Law has principles familiar to Americans, such as federalism and judicial review,. But the 1949 document owes much to Germany's own constitutional tradition, including the Paulskirche Constitution of 1949. Waves of democratization in the latter decades of the twentieth century. The spread of constitutionalism, democracy, and the rule of law came in waves in the closing decades of the twentieth century. The 1970s saw autocratic governments yield to democracy in Mediterranean countries -- Greece, Portugal, and Spain. Spain's 1978 Constitution is especially important as a model for other post-authoritarian countries. Attention shifted to South America in the 1980s, notably to Argentina and Chile. The great year was 1989 -- the year the Berlin Wall came down and communism collapsed all over Central and Eastern Europe. The shock waves also hit South Africa, where the apartheid regime fell, and a new constitution came into effect in 1997. American assistance to constitution-making and democratization in such places as post-communist countries has been undertaken both by public and private bodies. Typically the aid has taken the form of technical assistance, such as helping parliaments to update their processes, nurturing an independent judiciary, and assisting in the drafting of new constitutions and laws. An especially effective program is the American Bar Association's Central and Eastern European Law Initiative (now the Central European and Eurasian Law Initiative), which has sent hundreds of experts to work in scores of countries. Often the efforts of American advisors has been paralleled by advice and assistance from European governments and bodies, such as the Council of Europe's Venice Commission. THE PLACE AND RELEVANCE OF THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE When other countries write constitutions and set out to shape a constitutional regime, of what relevance is the American constitutional experience? What follows are arguments which lead some to conclude that the American experience is of limited value in other countries and cultures. (1) Constitutionalism must be understood as an expression of culture. Few would argue with this proposal if it is advanced as a caveat, namely, that one should always take culture into account in thinking about constitutions and constitutionalism. But some observers take the argument further, contending that there are no "universal" elements of constitutionalism. For example, by this view, community or group rights could be valued above individual rights. (2) American constitutionalism was the result of Enlightenment assumptions, steeped in British constitutionalism, and shaped in the historical settings of America. Some argue, therefore, that the teachings of American constitutionalism cannot be exported to other cultures. Such arguments often cite the failure of Latin American constitutions based on the US model and more recent problems in places such as the Philippines. (3) Even those who think the American experience is relevant and useful find limits in the United States Constitution as a model for foreign drafters. The document was written in the eighteenth century, reflects the insights of that era, and has required formal amendment (notably the post-Civil War amendments) and extensive judicial interpretation and gloss. Much of the American jurisprudence of rights results from judicial gloss rather than from the explicit constitutional text (for example, the process of "incorporation" doctrine by which guarantees of the Bill of Rights are applied to the states). Also, the United States Constitution is, in a sense, an incomplete document, in the sense that its framers assumed the existence and function of the states and therefore of state constitutions (documents which in many ways are rather more like constitutions in other countries). All of these observations have force and ought to be taken into account, especially before assuming that what has worked well in America must surely work for other peoples as well. But the problems of comparative constitutionalism ought not to be turned into categorical barriers. The usefulness of the American experience does not lie in the formal text of the United States Constitution. It is to be found in the general principles which are reflected in American constitutionalism and, further, in the practical experience of making constitutional democracy work. Many of the most basic ideas in American constitutionalism reflect norms that furnish at least presumptive value elsewhere. Examples include the following (a) Federalism. Formal federalism, as charted by the Constitution, may or may not be appropriate in other countries. Federalism, however, is a system which has many variants and is found in one form or another around the world. Federalism and its cousins (such as devolution) is associated with values of pluralism, diversity, and local choices about local problems. Such arrangements may be especially important to defuse conflicts of nationality or ethnicity. (b) Separation of powers. This principle, celebrated by Montesquieu and refined by Madison, is a way of achieving limited government -- one of the ultimate guarantees of individual rights. In its historical uses, it has been used to counter the tendency of such doctrines as popular sovereignty and legislative supremacy to become arbitrary or tyrannical. (c) Judicial review. Various devices have been used in an effort to keep a constitution's promises. These include popular will, separation of powers, and legislation. In the modern world, however, constitutions increasingly look to judicial review as a key means to enforce constitutional norms. John Marshall's insights in Marbury v. Madison have become a familiar part of constitutionalism around the world. One may well suggest that no American contribution to constitutionalism has been more pervasive or important than this one.
FACTORS BEARING ON THE PROSPECTS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERAL DEMOCRACY It is not enough that a society be democratic. It must also be liberal and constitutional. Democracy seeks to assure that government is based upon the consent of the governed and is accountable to the people. But democracies should also be liberal, that is, committed to individual rights and freedoms, to the Lockean principle that the state depends on the individual, not the other way around. And democracies must also be constitutional, that is, there must be means to assure the enforcement of constitutional norms, even when that means negating a majoritarian judgment. What are some of the factors bearing upon the prospects for the success of constitutional liberal democracy? Each person might draw up his or her own list, and one might debate the relative place and weight of each factor. But a list of factors would likely include at least the following. Note that the list goes well beyond those factors which can be incorporated into the text of a constitution. (1) A country should have sufficient military strength, as well as social and economic stability, to counter foreign aggression and to guard against internal subversion or unrest. Strength need not come, of course, solely from the country's own resources. A country may properly look to its allies, as, during the Cold War, so many democracies (not just weak ones) counted on American support in the event of Soviet aggression. (2) A vibrant constitutional culture often goes hand in hand with a healthy economy. I do not contend that, because countries are rich, they will necessarily be constitutional democracies. There are countries rich in oil, for example, which one would be slow to characterize as constitutional, liberal, or democratic. But it does seem fair to say that poor economic conditions often work to undermine any hope for constitutional democracy. (3) There should be a political culture -- I would call it a constitutional culture -- which encourages the values of constitutionalism, liberalism, democracy, and the rule of law. This implies a high level of literacy. But it also implies circumstances in which citizens have practiced the norms of cooperation, toleration, and forbearance associated with the fluctuating fortunes of causes, candidates, and parties. It means that those who lose an election turn the reigns of power over to the winners. It means that those who find that a victory in the legislative process is overturned on constitutional grounds by a court accept the principle of constitutional limits on government. (4) An open society, including free and responsible press and media, is the handmaiden of constitutionalism and democracy. There should be the means for open and effective communication both among the people and between them and their government. (5) Civil society should flourish. Private organizations -- political parties, trade unions, interest groups, clubs, etc. - create an important buffer between the individual and the state. Such organizations offer a place of refuge for those who think that the politics of the moment are not in their favor. They offer training grounds for the qualities which make for effective citizenship and make possible the kind of collective voice and action which precludes the state's monopoly of power. (6) States should be based on the civic, rather than ethnic or national, principle. That is, all citizens should have equal standing in the society. There should not be "insiders" and "outsiders." If the state is not largely homogeneous in terms of religion, language, ethnicity, or culture, then there needs to be a widely felt commitment to toleration. To make constitutional liberal democracy work, the people must have a level of mutual trust, and ability to cooperate, rather than fragmenting into camps of hate and hostility. Ultimately, history, culture, and circumstance will tell us much about the prospects for constitutionalism, democracy, and the rule of law in any country. Those who hope to see these values prosper in Iraq must understand Iraq itself -- its people, its history, its culture, Some factors characterize the region, for example, the argument over the extent to which Islam is, or is not, ultimately compatible with constitutional liberal democracy. Other factors flow from Iraq's own history, for example, the question whether the parliamentary experience of he Hashemite years before 1958 has any useful legacy, or whether the middle class has been sturdy enough to survive the years of Saddam's repressions. Experts on Iraq will help inform these judgments. But those who would shape events in Iraq should also consult the lessons to be learned from transitions from totalitarian or authoritarian regimes elsewhere. The road to constitutionalism, democracy, and the rule of law takes one through many lands. |


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Guess we'll see.
They got Hulk already in AA... but if he isn't acting like he will act in Agents then I guess you could be right.
In the end, all is well since She-Hulk is actually part of the cast. I mean she is back! The Emerald Beauty of Strength is back! Cartoon-style!
Which gives The She-Hulk Thread another reason to celebrate!
First was FF, next is the cartoon, and then.....
I was hoping someone would say The World, but the movie sounds like a way better deal!
Now it can be Jenny Jen Jennums time to appear in the new SHIELD show!
Wouldn't be surprised if she was tony Starks lawyer.
Somebody once asked could I spare some change for gas
I need to get myself away from this place
I said yep what a concept
I could use a little fuel myself
And we could all use a little change
I doubt it at this point. I seriously doubt it.
Right now, it's all about the SHIELD show and maybe when Hulk returns for a solo film again in 2018 or something heh.
That's a long time.
Somebody once asked could I spare some change for gas
I need to get myself away from this place
I said yep what a concept
I could use a little fuel myself
And we could all use a little change
It is, but I was just exaggerating on the year. It just seems like there are other plans that will be taking place within the next few years and by then is when they can open more doors after Avengers 2 comes out.
Believe me though I would love love LOVE to see She-Hulk on the big screen.
Sure... in 2020
Jokes aside, the chances of Jen appearing are much higher than She-Hulk. Obviously, right? As for She-Hulk herself, I'd say it would have to be in the next Hulk movie.
Last edited by Test of Strength; 12-05-2012 at 07:27 AM.
After reading RSH #60 I have to say that I really want Jen to stop by. Series is so good and having Parker write both of them together for a few issues would be great.
Yes. That would be really interesting. And Red She Hulk has been awesome so far. I'm very surprised. Was Parker's work on Red Hulk good? Right now I'd say that Betty has it a little better than Jennifer (I wasn't that impressed with FF.) Though I'll be reading FF as long as I can for Green She-Hulk.


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I am only one, but I am one. I cannot do everything, but I can do something.
And I will not let what I cannot do interfere with what I can do.
~ Edward Everett Hale
Jamila K. Gaskins will take on the challenge of cycling 12,000 miles to the areas most affected with HIV/AIDS to raise awareness of HIV prevention and Women in America. Her transcontinental journey will be documented along the way. She is cycling through 25 states and 170 cities with stops to include Los Angeles, Houston, Atlanta, Miami, Philadelphia, Newark, Baltimore/Washington DC, New York City, Chicago and San Francisco.
Click on the points to see Jamila's destinations.
View Project 1 Route Map in a larger map
Women are 50% of the people 15 years old and older living with HIV. In 1995 women represented 8% of all new HIV infections in America. By 2005 that percentage had more than tripled to 27%. In America today, we have nearly 280,000 women living with HIV/AIDS. Among women diagnosed with AIDS in 2008, 77% of black/African American women, 75% of Hispanic/Latino women and 65% of white women became infected through heterosexual contact (Avert).
Many of the HIV+ women and girls are low-income, or living in poverty, primary care givers, victims of violence, deal with substance abuse, low self esteem and low self worth, lack the knowledge or ability to negotiate sexual activity and condom use, and lack access to health care for many reasons including economics and language and cultural barriers.
According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, given these trends and issues, efforts to stem the tide of the U.S. HIV/AIDS epidemic will increasingly depend on how and to what extent its effect on women and girls is addressed.
Project 1 is a sponsored project of Fractured Atlas, a non-profit arts service organization.
Contributions in behalf of Project 1 may be made payable to Fractured Atlas and are tax-deductible to the extent permitted by law.
Community members, activists and educators are writin Letters of Support validating the need for and desire to see Project 1. Click on any name below to read their letter.
Feel free to send us one of your own.


text: The daily goings on at the Famous Gold and Silver Pawn Shop is like Antiques Roadshow meets LA Ink with a touch American Choppers�s family drama, and a sprinkling of COPS. Pawn Stars and their fans love the intrigue of discovering who and what will come through the shop�s doors and hearing the stories behind the goods. Whether it�s Old Man, Rick, Big Hoss, Chumlee, or all of them, you�ll find a wide selection of Pawn Stars apparel and gear featuring the show�s stars on T-Shirts and hoodies with quips and slogans inspired by the show.


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Updated classics you'll love
Modern-day classicsWe all love a good classic, but if you really want to refresh your wardrobe, why not invest in a timeless piece with a modern-day twist? It's fun -- plus it's a chic and fashionable way to show off your own individual style. Funky floral blazerTrade in your plain, boring, black blazer for Gypsy Junkies' bold, chiffon, oversized blazer featuring a floral print. With structured shoulders and simple side pockets, this floral blazer (Nastygal.com, $128) looks fab dressing up a pair of dark skinny jeans or worn with a solid tank top underneath. Style yours with leather flats or edgy ankle boots for a fashion-forward fall look. High-heeled loafersHow amazing are these Timo Weiland for Tsubo "Royse" high-heeled loafers (Tsubo.com, $270)? Not only do we adore the deep burgundy color (it's perfect for fall), but we also love the fact that you can wear these boots for day or night. They're insanely comfortable and mesh well with either your work or going-out wardrobe. As we all know, that doesn't happen too often. Leather patch skinny jeansWhite skinny jeans have become a year-round staple, and this fall, leather is of course showing up everywhere (especially on denim). That's what makes these MAXFOWLES skinny jeans (Revolveclothing.com, $616) so special. With tan leather patches at the knees, they're the perfect pair of pants to don for a dinner party with your girls or a date night out on the town with your man. Black polka dot dressGet out of your comfort zone and try something totally new. This sweet -- but simple -- black polka dot dress (Needsupply.com, $58) has a cute cutout back and a feminine, layered pleated skirt. Pair it with sheer tights for a cool autumn evening or rock it with chunky boots and bare legs for daytime. Bright, Mary Jane cap-toe pumpsIsn't it about time you added a pop of color to your closet? Spice up your current shoe collection and step into these bright yellow Mary Jane cap-toe pumps (ASOS.com, $78) featuring a 4-inch heel. They're unique, combine all of your favorite trends and styles into one and are extremely affordable. From ASOS, this is one purchase you definitely won't regret making. More beauty and style tips8 Affordable brands that look luxurious


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Waves of Murmuration (video)
by Trent Gilliss, senior editor
No, not a line from The Pixies. Liberty Smith and Sophie Windsor Clive will ensnare you in the majesty of this chance encounter with "one of nature's greatest and most fleeting phenomena" — a collection of starlings rolling over a kayak canoe on a lake.
Editor's note: In the comments below, Maureen Doallas reminded me of two spots where I first heard about starling murmurations and thought I'd share them with you: Paolo Patrizi's magnificent photos of murmurations over Rome and a BBC documentary. Both are definitely checking out.
Hat tip to Anne Breckbill for the heads up!
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