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November 2012 MMA Rankings: The 10 Best in Each Division
By Jeremy Botter ,
With just two major events since the last edition of my MMA rankings, there isn't a whole lot of movement in this installment. But we do have one major addition, with Georges St-Pierre returning from a long injury layoff that kept him out of the welterweight rankings.
Despite the lack of major changes this month, we still have plenty of big (and important) fights remaining on the calendar this year. So let's check out what we have this month and prepare to close out 2012 in style, shall we?
1. Junior dos Santos
2. Cain Velasquez
3. Alistair Overeem
4. Daniel Cormier
5. Fabricio Werdum
6. Frank Mir
7. Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira
8. Josh Barnett
9. Stefan Struve
10. Antonio Silva
NOTES: There are no changes to speak of this month in our heavyweight top 10, but that will change over the next 90 days or so. For starters, dos Santos and Velasquez will face off at UFC 155 at the end of December, and then Overeem returns from a long layoff to face Antonio Silva on the UFC's traditional Super Bowl card. Oh, and Cormier will allegedly fight on the final Strikeforce card in January, but I'm not holding my breath.
So while heavyweight may not be feeling the winds of change, they'll start blowing soon enough.
1. Jon Jones
2. Dan Henderson
3. Rashad Evans
4. Mauricio Rua
5. Lyoto Machida
6. Phil Davis
7. Alexander Gustafsson
8. Glover Teixeira
9. Antonio Rogerio Nogueira
10. Ryan Bader
NOTES: Like heavyweight, there are no changes between this month's rankings and those I published in October. But we do have a few sweet top-10 fights on the horizon.
Rua will face Gustafsson in a little over two weeks at UFC on Fox in Seattle. Glover Teixeira faces Rampage Jackson early next year, and Evans takes on Nogueira on the Super Bowl card.
1. Anderson Silva
2. Chael Sonnen
3. Michael Bisping
4. Chris Weidman
5. Tim Boetsch
6. Mark Munoz
7. Luke Rockhold
8. Yushin Okami
9. Vitor Belfort
10. Cung Le
NOTES: The only addition this month is Cung Le, who knocked out Rich Franklin at UFC on Fuel in Macao to score his second straight UFC victory. Dropping out of the rankings is Ronaldo Souza, who will ostensibly make his UFC debut sometime in the first half of next year.
1. Georges St-Pierre
2. Johny Hendricks
3. Carlos Condit
4. Nick Diaz
5. Jon Fitch
6. Jake Ellenberger
7. Martin Kampmann
8. Rory MacDonald
9. Josh Koscheck
10. Nate Marquardt
NOTES: Georges St-Pierre returns to the rankings this month with a bullet. Fighters are dropped from the rankings if they're inactive for more than a year, and St-Pierre certainly qualified. But as you can see, he's back on the welterweight throne.
St-Pierre has a new challenger sniffing at his heels in Johny Hendricks, however. I'm still hopeful that we'll see Hendricks get his shot at the title rather than the rumored superfight between St-Pierre and Anderson Silva.
1. Benson Henderson
2. Frankie Edgar
3. Gilbert Melendez
4. Gray Maynard
5. Nathan Diaz
6. Anthony Pettis
7. Donald Cerrone
8. Michael Chandler
9. Eddie Alvarez
10. Clay Guida
NOTES: Henderson faces Diaz in a little over two weeks at UFC on Fox in Seattle. It's a lock to be an exciting fight, and Diaz is sure to make it a memorable one.
Maynard was scheduled to face Joe Lauzon at UFC 155, but was injured and replaced with Jim Miller. Maynard's injury isn't too severe, and he's expected to return in early 2013.
1. Jose Aldo
2. Pat Curran
3. Chan Sung Jung
4. Chad Mendes
5. Erik Koch
6. Dennis Siver
7. Dustin Poirier
8. Ricardo Lamas
9. Hatsu Hioki
10. Patricio Friere
NOTES: Reigning UFC champion Aldo finally has another date set for his bout with featherweight newcomer Frankie Edgar. It'll happen in the main event of the UFC's Super Bowl weekend show, which is looking to be a pretty dynamic card this early in the process. And now, I'm going to stop talking about the potential of the card lest I jinx it and cause injuries for every superstar fighter on the bill.
1. Dominick Cruz
2. Renan Barao
3. Michael McDonald
4. Urijah Faber
5. Brian Bowles
6. Brad Pickett
7. Bibiano Fernandes
8. Eddie Wineland
9. Eduardo Dantas
10. Mike Easton
NOTES: We learned from Dana White last week that interim champion Barao will have to defend his title prior to the return of Dominick Cruz, likely against Michael McDonald. Thank goodness. The last thing the UFC needs is another interim champion who sits on the shelf for an entire year and refuses to defend a belt that was created for the sole purpose of a title being defended while the real champion was on the shelf.
1. Demetrious Johnson
2. Joseph Benavidez
3. John Dodson
4. Ian McCall
5. Chris Cariaso
6. Jussier Formiga
7. John Moraga
8. Darrell Montague
9. Yasuhiro Urushitani
10. Louis Gaudinot
NOTES: The flyweights will get a big taste of mainstream exposure at UFC on Fox 6 in January; the card will be headlined by a title bout between Demetrious Johnson and John Dodson. It should be a good showcase for two of the fastest fighters in the world, and Dodson has a much better chance of winning than most give him credit for.


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Brunswick County man's name used for wrong speeding ticket
Submitted by WWAY on Wed, 10/31/2007 - 6:12pm.READ MORE:
A Brunswick County man is trying to get help after someone got a speeding ticket in Granville County and used his name.
Full story...
» Gallows Hill home called most haunted
Submitted by WWAY on Wed, 10/31/2007 - 6:10pm.READ MORE:
The judicial system has come quite a way since the 19th century. Long gone are the days when justice could be found at the end of a rope.
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» Second escaped inmate caught in Columbus County
Submitted by WWAY on Wed, 10/31/2007 - 6:02pm.READ MORE:
Another of the three inmates who slipped out an unlocked door at the Columbus County jail has been caught.
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» New Hanover County to offer discount prescription drug card
Submitted by WWAY on Wed, 10/31/2007 - 5:42pm.READ MORE:
New Hanover County is helping ease the pain for people who pay for expensive prescription drugs. Starting Thursday any New Hanover County resident can pick up discount prescription drug cards to help shave off some of the price.
Full story...
» Fire survivor recounts narrow escape
Submitted by WWAY on Wed, 10/31/2007 - 9:51am.READ MORE:
One of the survivors of the beach house fire that killed seven college students in North Carolina says she thought her friends were already outside when she ran from the flames.
Full story...
» Rwandan orphans perform in Wilmington
Submitted by Meghan Torjussen on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 11:49pm.READ MORE:
A group of Rwandan Orphans, called Mizero Children, performed in Wilmington, bringing with them their message of hope.
Full story...
» Cause of fire remains unknown
Submitted by WWAY on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 6:22pm.READ MORE:
It's been two days since a deadly house fire in ocean isle beach that killed seven college students. There are still many questions surrounding what happened.
From the back of the house you get a better idea of just how bad the damage is. Really, all that's left right now is the skeletal frame of the house.
Full story...
» Police still investigating fatal shooting
Submitted by WWAY on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 6:13pm.READ MORE:
Police are still investigating a shooting that left one man dead in Wilmington Sunday night.
Full story...
» Two Columbus County inmates still at large
Submitted by WWAY on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 6:12pm.READ MORE:
Two inmates from the Columbus County detention center remain on the loose after escaping over the weekend.
Full story...
» Voters head to polls in one week
Submitted by WWAY on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 6:11pm.READ MORE:
A week from Tuesday voters will head to the polls to decide who will represent their municipalities.
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» Students pause to pray, observe memorial
Submitted by WWAY on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 3:33pm.READ MORE:
A memorial to six students killed in a weekend beach fire continues to draw mourners on the campus of the University of South Carolina.
Full story...
» County officials awaiting initial report on fatal fire
Submitted by WWAY on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 12:23pm.READ MORE:
The emergency services director in Brunswick County says he hopes to get an initial report later this week on a fire that killed seven college students.
Full story...
» Survivor describes jumping out of window
Submitted by WWAY on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 10:00am.READ MORE:
A Greenville student who survived a North Carolina beach house inferno by jumping from a third-story window says today he's not sure what woke him up.
Full story...
» Family, friends identify fire victims
Submitted by WWAY on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 9:08am.READ MORE:
The medical examiner in North Carolina says it will take some time to identify the seven college students killed in a house fire at Ocean Isle Beach, North Carolina.
Full story...
» Loved ones remember students killed in fire at beach house
Submitted by WWAY on Tue, 10/30/2007 - 9:07am.READ MORE:
Family and friends are remembering the seven college students killed in a fire at a house in Ocean Isle Beach.
Full story...


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News Corp. raises bet on digital music
News Corp.--the newspaper, TV, and film company built by media mogul Rupert Murdoch--sees something in digital music it likes.
News Corp. has acquired a small stake in music start-up Beyond Oblivion, which plans to enable consumer electronics makers to preload music on handhelds, computers, and other gadgets, according to multiple music sources.
Beyond Oblivion did not respond to interview requests. Allen & Co., the well-known boutique investment bank, was also part of the $10 million series B funding round.
With MySpace Music, News Corp., already has acquired a significant position in digital music. That site is run in partnership … Read more


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How genetic plunder transformed a microbe into a pink, salt-loving scavenger
April 22nd, 2013 | 2
Most cells would shrivel to death in a salt lake. But not the Halobacteria. These microbes thrive in brine, painting waters a gentle pink or crimson red wherever they bloom. The Halobacteria live in every salt lake on this planet, from the Dead Sea of Israel to the vast salt flats at the feet of [...]
Keep reading »


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Mercutio Acrylic Nesting Table Set
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June 07, 2013
In this week's hand-picked assortment, researchers consider integrating grid and cloud infrastructures, explore building secure governance clouds, and review HPC scheduling systems in grid and cloud environments.
According to researchers at the National Informatics Centre in Delhi, India, most computing environments in the IT support organization are designed to run in a centralized datacenter.
The centralized infrastructure of various development projects are used to deploy their services on and connecting remotely to that datacenter from all the stations of organization. Currently these servers are mostly underutilized due to the static and conventional approaches used for accessing and utilizing of these resources.
The cloud pattern is needed for optimizing resource utilization and reducing the investments on unnecessary costs. As such, they built up and prototyped a private cloud system called nIC (NIC Internal Cloud) to leverage the benefits of cloud environment.
The research discussed project based resource farms, shown here |
For this system, the researchers adopted the combination of various techniques from the open source software community. The user-base of nIC consists of developers, web and database admins, service providers, and desktop users from various projects in NIC. The research team can optimize the resource usage by customizing the user based template services on these virtualized infrastructure.
nIC will also increase the flexibility of the managing and maintenance of the operations like archiving, disaster recovery, and scaling of resources. The open-source approach further decreases the enterprise costs. In the paper, they described the design and analysis of implementing issues on internal cloud environments in NIC and similar organizations.
Research out of the University of Melbourne and Ruder Boskovic Institute in Zagreb, Croatia argued that the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) compute infrastructure model has showcased its ability to transform how access to compute resources is realized.
According to the researchers, Iaas delivered on the notion of Infrastructure-as-Code and enabled a new wave of compute adaptability. However, many workloads still execute only in a more structured and traditional cluster computing environment where jobs are handed off to a job manager and possibly executed in parallel.
The CloudMan infrastructure for supporting big data |
As a result, the researchers have been developing CloudMan as a versatile platform for enabling and managing compute clusters in cloud environments via a simple web interface or an API.
In the paper, the researchers described a recent extension of CloudMan to add support for data intensive workloads by incorporating Hadoop and HTCondor job managers and thus complement the previously available Sun Grid Engine (SGE).
The National Informatics Center of India combined with Berhampur University to produce a study on cloud security and immunization in e-Governance. According to the research, different e-Governance applications in India are using cloud for making the services scalable, stretchable and cost effective.
IT centers being setup at Panchayat level (local self-governments in India) to the State/National datacenters use the cloud to create a common infrastructure that would be accessible by all. The focus is to enable sharing of resources, ensure security and take technology to the smaller towns and villages.
But the major concern is to ensure security. The paper proposed a security solution by using architectural framework, open source products and an immunization algorithm. Their interest was to use Artificial Immune System (AIS) with Clonal Selection Algorithm (CLONA) for secure transaction of e-Governance services.
The proposed governance architecture |
The proposed cloud architecture adopts the learning process and follows security optimization techniques. This technique uses spontaneous action-event transactional state of Cloud Immunization and Security (CIS), defined security services such as Authentication, Firewall and Antivirus.
With these technique and services, the CIS system is meant to determine the best clone and the best antibody. Intruder attacks are termed as new antigens when approaching the cloud, then the cloud system's antibody, known as threat detectors, follows the Hamming Distance calculation to evaluate the threat termed as "affinity". These affinity alerts protects the Cloud system through CIS to undertake any kind of future attempt and attacks by the intruders.
A paper produced out of the University of Gottingen in Germany noted that the integration of cloud and grid infrastructures is still of interest, since it provides a way for the scientific area to ensure sustainability of well-engineered grid applications.
The integration of well-established grid infrastructures with cloud systems also fosters their complementary usage, simplified migration of applications, as well as efficient resource utilization.
The paper also discussed UNICORE grid middleware, shown in the figure above |
In the paper, the researchers compared the layered conceptual grid model to the service model of clouds. Based on this comparison, they described pragmatic possibilities to integrate cloud and grid systems. They analyzed the connectivity options on the infrastructure level to gain access to both infrastructures using a unified client.
In two case studies, they showed the successful integration of the Amazon Web Services cloud with UNICORE 6 and the open source cloud Eucalyptus with Globus Toolkit 4. Further, the researchers discuss lessons learned based on those implementations.
Reviewing Meta-Schedulers for HPC, Grid and Cloud
Over the last decades, argued researchers from the University of Derby in England and the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya in Barcelona, the cooperation amongst different resources that belong to various environments has arisen as one of the most important research topics.
This is mainly due to the different requirements, in terms of jobs' preferences that have been posed by different resource providers as the most efficient way to coordinate large scale settings like grids and clouds. However, the commonality of the complexity of the architectures (e.g. in heterogeneity issues) and the targets that each paradigm aims to achieve (e.g. flexibility) remains the same.
That target is to efficiently orchestrate resources and user demands in a distributed computing fashion by bridging the gap between local and remote participants. At first glance, this is directly related with the scheduling concept; which is one of the most important issues for designing a cooperative resource management system, especially in large scale settings.
In addition, the researcher note, the term metacomputing, hence meta-scheduling, offers additional functionalities in the area of interoperable resource management because of its great proficiency to handle sudden variations and dynamic situations in user demands by bridging the gap among local and remote participants. Their work presented a review on scheduling in high performance, grid and cloud computing infrastructures. They concluded by analysing most important characteristics towards inter-cooperated infrastructures.
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10/30/2013 | Cray, DDN, Mellanox, NetApp, ScaleMP, Supermicro, Xyratex | Creating data is easy… the challenge is getting it to the right place to make use of it. This paper discusses fresh solutions that can directly increase I/O efficiency, and the applications of these solutions to current, and new technology infrastructures.
10/01/2013 | IBM | A new trend is developing in the HPC space that is also affecting enterprise computing productivity with the arrival of "ultra-dense" hyper-scale servers.
Ken Claffey, SVP and General Manager at Xyratex, presents ClusterStor at the Vendor Showdown at ISC13 in Leipzig, Germany.
Join HPCwire Editor Nicole Hemsoth and Dr. David Bader from Georgia Tech as they take center stage on opening night at Atlanta's first Big Data Kick Off Week, filmed in front of a live audience. Nicole and David look at the evolution of HPC, today's big data challenges, discuss real world solutions, and reveal their predictions. Exactly what does the future holds for HPC?


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Client wants false data on WHO IS - legal?
A client has requested we change all of their data on all of their domains (approx 6-7 domains!) to false names and addresses.
Apparently there's been some sort of hack on their personal emails or some kind of security breach and they want this info changed (probably to avoid having a home address on the WHO IS as they have no commercial premises).
- Is this legal? (I know no one here is 'legally trained or qualified to provide legal advice' so just after opinions here!)
- How would you charge for this time?
- Can or Should we do it - from an ethical standpoint?
Where does the responsibility lie in terms of who is liable or at fault here, us or the client should the likes of Nominet find out?
Many Thanks


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"Hi Peter, I understand. As for Vanuatu, i was using that origin a while ago and the beans we of pretty ordinary prep to say the least but very nice flavour. Glad to hear they are putting more effort into the prep because it is such a nice origin."
Hi, Peter. I can send you the price for the 1kg cocoa mass block that we are currently going to import. May I know your e-mail address? Thanks.
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"This year I am going to shop with a cop … from this end," said Hardin County Deputy Sheriff Bud Baumgardner, remembering back to 1997, the year he became a deputy.
Growing up, Baumgardner said his family was poor, and his brother would get picked by the schools for the Shop-With-A-Cop program, but he never did, noting his brother was a little messier than him.
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If you are looking for a university in Iowa providing continuing education, the Adult College Curriculum for Education and Leadership (ACCEL) program at St. Ambrose University allows you to develop yourself, your knowledge base, and your career possibilities.
If you are a non-traditional student pursuing adult education in or around Davenport, Iowa, our ACCEL program at St. Ambrose University will support you while you earn your degree in our adult learning environment where you can develop business and communication skills necessary in today's workplace.
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Production Policies
Costume Fittings
Since prompt, courteous attention to all costume fitting appointments, just like rehearsal calls, is a mark of the true professional, the Theatre Arts Department enforces the following:
- It is the responsibility of each performer to attend costume fitting appointments when called.
- Stage managers will keep track of missed fittings and report to the director.
- Any student missing a costume fitting, without calling the Costume Shop within 24 hours to make another fitting appointment, will be responsible for finishing whatever work remains on his/her costume. Also, the student will forfeit the privilege of borrowing costume items to use in acting/directing classes for the remainder of the season. (Costume Shop phone number: 785-6707)
Strike Policy
- All members of a production and all Theatre Arts Majors are required to participate in strike immediately following the last performance of each production.
- Please wear appropriate clothing and shoes for all strikes.
- Insurance does not allow for friends, relatives or any non-production member to participate in departmental strikes. Please inform friends and family of your strike commitment and proceed to your assignment immediately.
- Strike assignments will be posted. Crew members and theatre majors should report directly to their strike crew leader at the close of the final performance. Crews will be reassigned as work is completed.
- Performers should change out of their costumes and restore your dressing area before reporting to strike. Check the posted strike list and report to your staff leader for strike assignments.
- All strike members must remain in the theatre until the entire strike is complete.
- At the close of strike, the company will be gathered together to sign out on the strike list. You must be present and sign out. No one may sign out for you.
Complimentary & Rush Tickets
Each member of the production receives two (2) complimentary tickets that may be used for any performance during the run of the production. Tickets must be reserved ahead of time with the box office during regularly scheduled box office hours. Any additional tickets being held at the box office must be paid for by cash, check or credit card.
Theatre Majors may request 1 rush ticket 5 minutes prior to the start of the performance. Any unsold tickets may be given to majors on a first-come basis at no cost to the students.
Season Selection Process
The department seeks to create performance seasons of high educational and artistic value representing a broad range of forms and styles to maximize the artistic and critical development of our students. The department also strives to present plays which will contribute to the social and cultural life of the University and the La Crosse community.
Each semester, requests for submissions for the upcoming season of plays are solicited from faculty/students. The Play Selection Committee reads and evaluates the plays based on the following criteria:
- Student Performance/Production Opportunities
- Artistic/Educational Quality
- Male/Female Casting Ratios
- Production Requirements
- Potential Interest in the University and the community
The Department of Theatre Arts is committed to developing seasons that reflect the multicultural focus of the world around us by presenting works from authors of different historical periods, styles, nations, ethnicities and genders.
The University's SummerStage program was begun in 1979 as a means of bringing semi-professional theatre each summer to the La Crosse area. It is our mission to present high quality theatrical productions for the University and surrounding communities. We enlist students, theatrical professionals and local performers/designers in the creation of our summer endeavors in an effort to expand our academic theatre base. Auditions for SummerStage are held in late April and are open to all UWL students, community members, high school students, alumni and other non UWL students.
Miscellaneous Production Policies
- Smoking in university classrooms and in theatres is a violation of local and state ordinances. It is a director's responsibility to enforce the "No smoking policy." Smoking is allowed outside state buildings. Directors will make every effort to enforce the "No smoking policy" in productions as well. Only when absolutely necessary for the basic needs of the performance, will smoking be allowed on stage.
- Food and drink are not allowed in Toland or Frederick Theatres, with the sole exception of prop food or drink within the course of rehearsals or performances. Please clean up after yourself. Throw away all trash when you leave each day.
- Audience latecomers will be seated at the discretion of the theatre house manager. Shows begin promptly at their scheduled time, so we request that all audience members arrive early t pick up their tickets and to find their seats.
- Recording or photographing any part of a production performance is prohibited. Please check all cameras and recording equipment with the house manager.
- As a courtesy to the performers and members of the audience, beepers, electronic watches and cellular phones should be silenced or left with the house manager.
- Lost and found articles should be turned in to the house manager. Articles that have been lost may be claimed at the coat check or by contacting the Department of Theatre Arts.


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Congratulations To The Winners Of Our 2013 Lots2Give Video Contest!
View the winning videos below.
Big Lots is committed to programs that enhance the quality of education for schools in need of financial support in the communities we serve.
Participating schools were able to make their voice heard by submitting a short video & brief essay explaining why their school is in need of financial support! Winning schools will share $120,000 in cash prizes, which include one $20,000 grand prize, two $10,000 first place prizes, four $5,000 second place prizes and thirty $2,000 third place prizes!
In addition, selected schools benefited from an in-store donation program. Customers across America helped select schools by donating $1 or $5 at participating Big Lots stores April 29 through July 7! 100% of donations went to participating schools.
Special thanks to all Lots2Give participants and the thousands of people who voted!
Learn Together, Play Together
Fairfax Elementary School
Cleveland Heights, OH
Fairfax Elementary serves a wide population of children, including those with a range of physical and developmental disabilities. We strive to integrate students of all abilities into school life, but our current playground equipment makes full student integration impractical. Winning the Lots2Give contest would help us build a specially designed, adaptive-play structure to allow students of all abilities to share in the joy of recess together, playing and growing side-by-side.


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US 5802156 A Abstract A group conferencing arrangement for a counseling service permits the simultaneous connection of two or more service representatives to a call-in caller, i.e. without the need for one service representative to add-on the second service representative conferee. The call-in caller signifies their wishing to partake in a plural service representative call by dialing a special 800 or 900 telephone number or signifying the same via entering an appropriate response to an audio response unit. Each service representative may have a terminal equipped with a display or other means for receiving the identity of the call-in caller and the other service representative connected to the group conference call. A common controlled automatic call distributor for providing the group conferencing feature preferably includes dual tone multi-frequency receiver/decoder circuits, automatic number identification and dialed number identification circuits, audio response circuits and conference bridge circuits including automatic dialing equipment. In an enhancement, caller preference criteria is matched to service representative data prior to determining service representatives to be connected to the caller. Moreover, calls may be intentionally limited in duration or number to protect the caller, calls may be blocked if certain negative criteria is matched, certain fraud control measures taken in the event the caller is to be billed for the service and form of payment authorization obtained prior to completion of a call.
Claims(14) 1. A method for initiating fraud control features used in billing calls comprising the steps of:
establishing call limit criteria for a call; determining the identity of a caller; retrieving call history data from memory for said identified caller; comparing the call history data with the call limit criteria; limiting one of the duration or the number of calls of said identified caller; identifying the caller's telephone number; receiving caller requested telephone number input data; comparing the requested telephone number input data with the identified caller's telephone number; and blocking such calls if the requested telephone number input data does not match said caller's identified telephone number. 2. A method for initiating fraud control features as recited in claim 1 further comprising the step of obtaining address data from storage for a caller.
3. A method for initiating fraud control features as recited in claim 2 further comprising the steps of
comparing the postal code of the caller obtained during the identity determination step with an obtained postal code address and denying service if the postal codes do not match. 4. A method for initiating fraud control features as recited in claim 2 further comprising the steps of
comparing the first several digits of an address or apartment number of the caller obtained during the identity determination step against obtained address data. 5. A method for initiating fraud control features as recited in claim 1 further comprising the steps of
determining if all service representatives are presently busy and if the service representatives are presently busy, offering an alternative service or automatically switching the caller to another service bureau. 6. A method for initiating fraud control features as recited in claim 1 further comprising the steps of collecting form of payment data in real time, communicating said form of payment data to a remote site and receiving payment authorization from said remote site via MODEM before a call is completed.
7. A method of initiating fraud control features as recited in claim 1 further comprising the step of transmitting call charge data to a remote site via MODEM at the completion of a call.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein said caller's telephone number identification step is performed by automatic number identification.
9. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
comparing the caller's telephone number against a stored list of telephone numbers from which numbers, calls should be blocked; and blocking such calls if the caller's telephone number matches one on the stored fist. 10. The method according to claim 1 wherein said step of determining the identity of a caller comprises comparing a voiceprint of the caller against a voiceprint database.
11. The method according to claim 2 wherein said step of determining the identity of a caller comprises verifying the address data from a credit card agency.
12. The method according to claim 2 wherein said step of determining the identity of a caller comprises verifying the address data from a banking institution.
13. A method for initiating fraud control in billing for a call to a pay information service comprising the steps of
establishing call limit criteria for a call; determining the identity of a caller; retrieving call history data from memory for said identified caller; comparing the retrieved call history data with the call limit criteria; identifying the caller's telephone number; receiving caller requested telephone number input data; comparing caller requested telephone number input data with the identified caller's telephone number; limiting the number of calls of said identified caller responsive to the call history comparison step; and blocking a call if the requested telephone number input data does not match said caller's identified telephone number. 14. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein said call indentity data is determined via automatic number identification and the automatic number identification data is compared with call requested telephone number input data.
Description A. Technical Field This invention relates to the field of group telecommunications conference arrangements and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for simultaneously conferencing a caller to plural service representatives, for example, of a psychic counseling network service such as the Yellow Pages Psychic Network (�) service available from Zodiac Group, Inc. and to call limiting, call blocking, fraud control and payment and billing arrangements therefor. Two or more service representatives can provide better quality service as the caller receives counseling from plural service providers; for example., the caller may receive a second opinion simultaneous with the first and counseling services tailored and pre-selected to their needs. B. Description of the Related Arts So-called psychic network services have been in operation for several years, conferencing a service representative who may counsel on life, love and prosperity to a call-in caller to an 800 or 900 telephone number. For a nominal per minute fee, the caller can ask any question of the service representative and, generally, the psychic service representative may give counsel to the caller on any aspect of the caller's life. Such a service typically has not involved the ability to provide more than one service representative to assist the caller. Although so-called add-on conferencing is known in the art of private branch exchange systems, the add-on conference has not been used to date by the first service representative in such a service to conference in a second service representative. Presently, a caller to the Yellow Pages Psychic Network service dials one of a plurality of telephone numbers used to gauge the quality of the advertising source, i.e., where the caller noticed the network service's telephone number. The telephone number connects the caller to the same service bureau where is typically located an automatic call distribution system. The caller hears an announcement regarding costs and charges that may be referred to as a preamble and is then offered a menu to choose from. If one knows the extension number of the psychic that they have used before, they may enter that telephone extension. The caller is also given a choice to listen to brief resumes of the presently available psychics to serve them and, if the caller decides on a particular psychic, the caller may press the * button to reach that psychic. The caller is in control of the call and can only speak to one psychic in a call. Billing arrangements in such systems are primitive and may rely on (900) service for the service provider to bill the caller for the call. In an (800) number call, the service provider pays for the call and must assure themselves that payment will be received even more than in a (900) call. The service records credit card or other payment data manually into memory in order to properly bill for the call. Such procedures have led to many callers questioning their bills and in many instances and due to the inefficiencies of the billing procedures, callers have received free calls due to fraudulent payment schemes, improper granting of credit and the like. In a service offered by a company known as Mile High Psychics, credit cards are used for prepayment for blocks of service usage time. Credit authorization is obtained far in advance of a call. For example, the customer may purchase 25 minutes of service in advance of a call and utilize a personal identification number or code (PIN) at the time of their call to access the service. Automatic call distribution telecommunications equipment is known for providing this service and other services. Common controlled automatic call distribution equipment, for example, is available for purchase from Lucent Technologies, Inc. and other manufacturers of common controlled switching equipment. Typically a service bureau or related organization offers services through a service bureau owned automatic call distribution system. The automatic call distributor channels a call by a call-in caller requesting service to a next available service representative of a service representative availability queue. It is always assumed that one service representative should respond to the call. Service representatives, typically equipped with displays and operator type headsets for hands-free operation, typically consult databases for, for example, making travel reservations. To this end, they may be each provided with access to large computer databases of travel reservation information. From U.S. Pat. No. 3,912,874, it is generally known to provide two types of conferencing arrangements: a so-called meet-me conference arrangement and a so-called group conferencing arrangement. The present application as well as the '874 patent describe a group conference call. The term "group call" refers to a conference arrangement whereby one party, called the conference originator, initiates action to summon all other conferees. (The meet-me conference relates to a plurality of conferees meeting at a pre-determined time to establish a conference call.) The '874 patent further describes a conference bridge having a conferee port circuit including associated automatic dialing apparatus for initiating calls to conferees in accordance with prearranged programs. Also, the originating port circuit is equipped with a dual tone multi-frequency receiver circuit and decoder circuitry for controlling various modes of operation. U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,996 solves a problem in a service representative arrangement. Customer service representatives are provided with computer database facilities and display terminals. The agent may view a display of all phone calls waiting to be handled. Customer information may be coordinated for display with a particular call. A caller who joins a call can share information associated with the conference call. U.S. Pat. No. 5,475,747 describes a "meet-me" conference arrangement. Nevertheless, the problem solved is the need for a display at a terminal of all the names and telephone numbers of participants in the meet-me conference. According to the '747 patent, a telephone terminal stores conferee identification information received from other telephone terminals and is responsive to actuation of an inspect button to display identification information for each conferee. For example, a single-line alphanumeric display can step through the identity of each of the conferees of a conference call. U.S. Pat. No. 5,502,762 describes a system and method for redirecting a telephone call incoming to a first line to a selected one or ones of- second lines and ringing them simultaneously. The problem solved by that invention is that a single telecommunications customer can have multiple numbers, a pager, a cellular phone, a work phone and a home phone, for example. The '762 patent suggests ringing a plurality of such numbers simultaneously under control of a processor in physical proximity to the first telephone. Ronald A. Katz is believed to hold U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,939,773; 5,297,197 and 5,442,688, all directed to the opposite problem than that solved by the present invention. A plurality of telephone terminals Tl through Tn can be grouped, even pre-determined and preselected to form a group, for conferencing with a single primary telephone terminal Pt. A large number of terminals T can receive communication from the single primary terminal P, for example, the president of a company sending a message to its employees. The terminals T are typically equipped with a keyboard, an earpiece (speaker) and microphone, while the primary terminal may be equipped preferably with a display and controller for controlling the group of terminals T. The equipment may incorporate audio response units for assisting in the call processing by making announcements and providing voice signals to cue and inform. Despite these prior art conferencing arrangements and schemes, there still remains a need in the art of providing services to call-in callers requesting services for a conferencing arrangement that better assists the call-in caller to provide requested services, protects the caller from utilizing the offered services too frequently, blocks unwanted calls, provides controls against credit card and other form of payment fraud and, when billing is involved, provides more efficient payment authorization and billing arrangements. According to the principles of the present invention, the caller to a service bureau can make informed choices as to the service representative they seek. More particularly, they make informed choices as to the number of service representatives they wish to assist them. It is an object, then, of the present invention, to improve services to call-in callers of a consultation network service or the like such as the Yellow Pages Psychic Network service. Also, service representatives may make informed choices as to how they believe they may best serve the call-in public. For example, in response to qualification polling, the service representative may indicate their inclination to join in a multiple service representative call or identify certain predetermined criteria for the caller or other conferee. It is an object, then, of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus that improves service provided by service representatives by permitting the service representatives to make informed choices about the calls and conferees of a group conference. Additionally, the caller has in the past sometimes fooled the system and service provider into performing inappropriate actions such as extending credit or permitting a caller to access service beyond a reasonable level of service. Consequently, it is a further object of the present invention to provide for call limiting, call blocking and fraud control features. Finally, to improve payment authorization and billing procedures for such services if such services are provided for a fee, it is a further object of the present invention to provide for multiple forms of payment and reward those that are more credit worthy automatically with discount fees if appropriate. In accordance with these principles and objects, a caller and user of the present invention dials an 800 or 900 telephone number representing a desired service, for example, the Yellow Pages Psychic Network service. The caller can call a special telephone number dedicated to plural service representative service, for example, a psychic twins service. Alternatively, the caller can dial a number for the service and receive via an audio response unit (ARU) certain cues to service selection. The ARU requires responses and entries entered via a touch-tone (dual tone multifrequency) keypad or accepts voice requests and inputs at a voice recognition apparatus or related device. As a consequence the caller can identify a request for a "psychic twins" call or, in other words, multiple service representatives to assist them. (Service representative selection criteria that may be entered as well include, for example, a request for a service representative sharing a particular sign of the Zodiac or identify themselves to be associated with a selected sign). The present invention also involves the process of blocking a call or limiting the number and duration of calls for protecting the service user of excesses and to prevent against fraud or other service abuse. When the service involves a fee, the present invention suggests the implementation of certain payment fraud control features. The caller identifies themselves to the apparatus and enters such information as credit card number for billing information. According to such a feature of the present invention, the caller is screened by the service bureau in an automatic manner. Through queries of the caller, the identity of the caller is determined and cross-checked against positive and negative databases. A parameter such as 100 call/minutes per month or 2 calls per day can be established in the system in memory and used to gauge whether the caller is using the service too frequently. In this manner, the number and or duration of the calls may be intentionally limited. Also, the caller can be asked to enter the first several digital of their home address, apartment number and/or zip code through their telephone keypad for transmitting a bill and that address portion and/or zip code can be matched against credit card or other prestored data as a security check. If there is no match and the caller is trying to trick the system, then the call is intentionally blocked. The present invention comprises automatic number identification information and accepts the telephone number of the calling party determined via the automatic number identification equipment into memory. The system of the present invention checks the caller's number determined via the ANI equipment against a manually entered telephone number in response to a telephone number request and/or against internal and external negative databases. If the ANI determined number does not match the caller entered telephone number or any of the negative databases (of unwanted telephone call sources) indicates a match, the call is automatically blocked. Moreover, according lo the present invention, the identities of service representatives requested by the caller are determined in response to the caller. In particular, service representative data may be predetermined and stored in memory from a log-on process the service representative typically performs to identify to the network that they are prepared to accept calls from the network. In response to the caller input information and the service representative input information, a single incoming caller may be, if they so request, simultaneously connected to a plurality of predetermined service representatives. During the connection process, the dialed telephone number and service representative conferee data may be provided to the caller, for example by scrolling a single line alphanumeric display. Psychics of the Yellow Pages Psychic Network service are advised not to maintain caller identification services or personal databases for clients. However, in other applications of the present invention such as suicide hot-line applications, service representatives should have as much information about the caller as possible. Consequently, service representatives according to the principles of the present invention may be provided with a one line alpha-numeric display and data scrolled to them showing caller name, other service representative name, location and the like. If the service representative is provided a more sophisticated display arrangement such as a cathode ray tube display, a network controller can forward any information it knows about the caller to the plurality of service representative conferees and identify for each service representative conferee the identities and data about the other service representative conferees and the caller. Moreover, at the conclusion of a call or whenever billing information is finalized, callers may be offered the opportunity to pay by major credit card, to prepare a "draft" or "electronic check" or pay by debit card on their bank to pay for the service automatically. The user may enter such information via their telephone keypad. Payment authorization, for example, from a credit agency or bank is preferably obtained in real time via a secure communications link with the credit agency or bank. Former antiquated billing systems may be upgraded to such more sophisticated billing arrangements by adding a controller controlled modem to such systems. Also, preferably, discounts may be immediately and automatically provided when such forms of payment are used to encourage use of the more credit worthy arrangements such as guaranteed credit cards, debit cards, electronic checks and drafts and the like after such form of payment is authorized in real time via return communication via the modem. Consequently, according to the present invention, two or more service representatives may be automatically and simultaneously associated with a single call-in caller requesting service and the caller can be predetermined to receive the best possible service the service bureau is able to give and, moreover, provide: service that meets the needs of the caller and is matched to the abilities of the service representatives. Parameters may be established to limit calls in such systems so that callers do not overuse the services provided by the system. Finally, if billing is provided in such a system, the system may be made more credit conscious and efficient by accepting alternate methods of payment. The objects and features of the present invention will be best understood from the following detailed discussion of the present invention wherein the first numeral of a reference number indicates the number of the first figure the element first appears, and every effort is made to describe alternative embodiments by which the feature may be provided. While a detailed illustrative embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein related to a psychic counseling network service such as the Yellow Pages Psychic Network service, other consultative services and other services may come to mind, such as, psychological counseling, medical counseling, sex therapeutic counseling, religious advice, dating services, chat lines, so-called suicide hot line, adult entertainment lines and other counseling services, some for a fee and some provided by not-for-profit organizations. Clearly, elements in accordance with the present invention may be embodied in a wide variety of forms, some of which may be quite different from those of the disclosed embodiment. Consequently, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative; yet, in that regard, they are deemed to afford a preferred embodiment for purposes of disclosure and provide a basis for the claims herein which define the scope of the present invention. FIG. 1 provides an overall block schematic diagram of an automatic call distribution system including a controller and switch which is representative for providing the group conferencing feature of the present invention. FIG. 2 provides a flowchart of the log-in process a service representative may follow in order to define their criteria to the controller for storage in memory of the automatic call distribution system of FIG. 1 for handling call-in callers requesting services. FIG. 3 provides a flowchart of the plural service representative call of the present invention whereby a call-in requestor of services may define for themselves certain parameters which the group conference call is to follow as the representative automatic call distribution system of FIG. 1 proceeds to connect two or more service representatives to the same caller. Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a representative automatic call distribution system programmed to operate in accordance with the present invention. Such automatic call distribution systems may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer but typically, according to the present invention, are susceptible to common control via a controller 110 having an associated memory 115 for storage of control programs and data. The automatic call distributor typically comprises a switch 100 to which may be connected service representatives operating from service representative positions 101-1 through 102-n. Service representative position 101a may be a remote dial-up terminal; that is the ACD 100 must call the service representative terminal which may comprise a caller identification display. Alternatively, the service representative position may be a conventional service representative position 101-2 comprising an operator headset, a cathode ray tube display, a computer system and automatic number identification/name display. Such a service representative operates as an extension line of the automatic call distributor. A service representative signifies their ability to provide service via the log-in procedure flowchart of FIG. 2 as will be further described herein. The call-in caller requesting service is handled according to the flowchart of FIG. 3 as will be further described herein. There typically exist a plurality of service circuits connected to the switch that provide various signalling, data input, data output, conferencing and other services. These include, but are not limited to including a dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) receiver and decoder 120, automatic number identification (ANI), dialed number identification (DNI) circuitry 125, audio response (message) unit 135, conference bridge circuit 130 and modulator/demodulator circuitry (MODEM) 140. One or more of each type of circuit are typically provided and the number depends on their frequency of use. Each is called into play by the controller 110 in accordance with call processing and control programs stored in memory 115. One control program residing in memory 115 is a real time of day, day, month and year clock which must be maintained accurate, for example, by periodic satellite update and must be preserved even in the event of a local power loss to the system. Another program is a translation program that may be needed to translate a called telephone number to an advertising source or to translate a psychic service representative's extension number to a remote telephone number for remote dialing if required. The DTMF receiver and decoder 120 is especially important for receiving such information as zip code, address, credit card number, band account number, name input, command and signals to the system of the present invention for caller control and system control to the extent of at least providing service, call blocking, call limiting, fraud control and payment and billing features. The audio response (message) unit 135 preferably comprises audible announcement and connection to DTMF receiver/decoder 12>0 to query the user and receive and decode input data entered via telephone keypad in response to an announcement query. In future embodiments, such DTMF and other input circuits 120 may be replaced by speech recognition and other automatic input devices that have been recently developed. MODEM 140 under control of controller 110 automatically forwards form of payment data to a credit agency or bank and receives authorization in real time for the payment or charge to an account. Modem 140 may comprise a network data mover (NDM) modem or a remote job entry (RJE) modem. Later, after the call is completed, modem 140 communicates call charge information to a billing agency. Call-in callers call-in on lines 110-1 and 110-2 which are representative of lines/trunks connecting the depicted automatic call distributor to a telephone switching center. A number of different telephone numbers identified to the lines/trunks at a telephone central office may be used to identify the source of advertising or other means the caller was advised of the existence of the service. Typically, signalling information is provided in advance of a call on the same or a different line. The signalling information includes the address of the calling party and may include the called address. The dialed number identification, automatic number identification (ANI/DNI) unit 125 identifies the dialed number for, for example, identifying the advertising or other means by which the caller learned of the service. ANI/DNI unit 125 also indicates the calling telephone umber for comparison with telephone number requested of the user for telephone keypad entry once the call has begun or for comparison with negative databases as will be further described herein. Briefly and according to one embodiment of the present invention, an 800 or 900 telephone number may be used, for example, for a psychic network service for connecting a single service representative in an available service representative queue to a new caller. A second telephone number may be used for identifying a psychic twins service, where two service representatives are connected simultaneously to a caller via a dual representative service representative availability queue. A third number is used for a three service representative call and so on. In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the call-in caller is handled according to the call processing algorithm provided by FIG. 3 which will be described subsequently herein. The conference bridge 130 may comprise automatic dialing equipment for dialing a telephone number for a service representative or automatic dialing circuits may be separately provided (not shown). Of course, in accordance with the present invention, plural service representatives are simultaneously connected to a caller desiring such service and automatic dialing circuits may or may not be needed in a particular conference call depending on whether the service representative is directly connected to the automatic call distributor 100 as an extension or must be "dialed-up." Ringing circuits (not shown) transmit ringing signals toward a service representative, but, according to the present invention, audible ringing is not provided the caller: the service representative is connected at the time the service representative goes off hook. Now referring to FIG. 2, a service representative log-in flowchart is provided for describing the sequence of operations controlled by controller 110 in actuating and entering a service representative into a service representative availability queue. At step 200, a service representative calls the service bureau and indicates their availability to provide service. Of course, if the service representative is directly connected to the switch 100, the calling service representative may need only to pick up their phone connected, for example, to a private dedicated line. Whether or not the calling service representative is connected via a dedicated line, their extension or telephone number is automatically recognized by controller 110, for example, through automatic number identification circuit 125. Now an audio response unit 135 is connected to the service representative at step 210. Typically, at this time, a time of day record is made in memory 115 via controller 110 of the time and date the service representative has offered to begin servicing callers. The service representative receives a programmed announcement at step 210, for example, asking the service representative to identify for recording in memory 115 certain choices and preferences. For example, the psychic twins network is currently negotiating with a pair of psychic twins who may prefer to offer services together to a call-in caller. In other words service representative A may predetermine to only be connected in a psychic dual conferencing call with their predetermined twin service representative B. Other preferences may be predetermined or entered for the first time, such as the service representative's birth sign of the Zodiac, name, address, billing rate or other information preferably automatically via their telephone keypad or via voice recognition. In an alternative embodiment, the service representative is equipped with a cathode ray terminal, printer or other display and full keyboard permitting written query and response and so the "announcement" step 210 may refer to a written or displayed announcement. However, in a preferred embodiment, a typical announcement provided by either may comprise: Press 1 if you wish to serve one call at a time by yourself; Press 2 if you wish to confer with a second conferee on each incoming call; press 3 if you wish to confer with two other conferees on each incoming call requesting service and so on. Now step 220 is reached and steps 210 and 220 repeated until log-in is complete. For example, once the response or series of responses to a query, for example, the numbers 1 or 2 or 12 indicating the 12the sign of the Zodiac or alphabetic input via keypad and decoding is registered by DTMF receiver 120 and reported to controller 110, the ARU 135 may provide a validity check for the entered data and voice feedback of the selection and then, the ARU 135 may further request, "Do you have a preference for the second conferee? If so, enter by pressing keys of the keypad the first several letters of the preferred conferee's last name." Of course, a twin would enter their own last name and their twin could be immediately identified via memory look-up at memory 115. Again, voice confirmation or other confirmation/feedback that the choice is accepted may be provided and error algorithms likewise provided to correct an erroneous choice made by a service representative as necessary. In the log-in process of FIG. 2, the various announcements and responses of step 210, 220 can be varied depending on the desired service to be performed. Moreover, the result may vary. In one scenario, there may be an availability queue of available service representatives willing to confer singly with a caller or with other conferees. In other words, the service representative may be willing to accept any request for services. In other embodiments, there may be availability queues formed in memory of 115 for single service representative calls, dual or twins calls, triplets or three service representative calls and so on. Or there may be a combination of such queues depending on the embodiment. Consequently, in its simplest embodiment the present invention involves the service representative logging in to a dual service representative availability queue such that on receiving a call to a special dual service representative telephone number, the next two service representatives that are presently available in the dual service representative availability queue are automatically and practically simultaneously connected to the caller. The result of the log-in process is identified as step 230, that is, the service representative is entered into memory 115 in one or more service representative availability queues as a memory table. Of course, as a service representative takes a call and is tied up with a caller and maybe one or more other service representative conferees, the table records there "busy" state as signaled by the controller 110. Moreover, the service representative has signaled and recorded their preferences for the type of cal they are willing to handle (for example, by themselves, with one other service representative conferee and the like) and certain preferences, for example, their own sign of the zodiac, their day, month, year of birth, sex or other information useful for arranging a call. Some or all of this information depending on the service offered may be preserved in memory 115. Over time, the number of calls handled by the service representative, the type of calls, the callers' identities, caller preferences and the like may be logged in and associated with the service representative to assist in providing better service and in providing salary or other compensation to the service representatives. Now referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a flowchart for call processing a plural service representative call to a service bureau. At step 305, a potential subscriber to the psychic network service calls the 800 or 900 telephone number for the service bureau on line 110-1 or series of trunks 110-1. A second line or series of trunks may be separately provided for twins service. In such an instance, the caller may be immediately passed to step 320 and their input data registered including, but not limited to, their calling telephone number, address and billing information. According to the present invention, call limiting, call blocking and fraud control checking is now performed automatically. For example, arbitrary call limiting criteria may be established such as two calls per day, 40 minutes per day, 50 minutes per week or 85 call minutes per month for calling services to protect the caller against excess usage and billing. The caller is looked up in a database to determine how frequently and, for each call, how long the caller has been connected to determine if call limiting criteria, call duration, number of calls or both, is exceeded. The call limiting criteria being met, the caller may receive a message thanking them for their past calls but potentially blocking or limiting the duration of the present call. In regards to call blocking due to input data and certain negative databases matching, the telephone number, first several digits of the address or apartment number and/or zip code of the caller requested to be entered by way of telephone keypad may be matched against the calling telephone number (obtained via ANI) and/or credit card data and so a security breach preidentified. The comparison of the user entered zip code and/or first several digits of a street address or apartment number against credit card data downloaded or prestored from a credit agency or bank may be referred to herein as an address verification system (AVS). The caller may be asked to explain the discrepancy and/or the call blocked. The calling telephone numbers (obtained via ANI and by caller entry) can be checked against each other and against telephone number negative databases identifying pay phones, prisons and other institutions or locations of telephones from which calls may be blocked at switch 100. A voiceprint of the caller's voice may be recorded via message unit 135, converted to digital form and compared against a voiceprint database to insure the validity of the identity of the caller. The caller's name may be spelled into the system via a telephone keypad, compared against a card-holder or account name as a security check. At least, via AVS, the address of the caller, entered by telephone keypad, can be matched against the address of the card holder or on an account pre-stored and downloaded from a credit agency or bank. In an alternative embodiment, a non-psychic service representative may assist or supplement an automated system or replace an automated system in regards to call limiting, call blocking, fraud control, collecting form of payment information and obtaining payment authorization. At step 325, the caller is identified to be served by service representatives A and B and immediately connected at step 330 to the identified service representatives from the availability queue for dual service representative calls. This is the initial embodiment of the present invention. Once call blocking, call limiting and fraud control criteria are met, a single caller is immediately connected and served by the next two service representatives in the dual service representative availability queue. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, steps 310 and 315 are repeated until the caller "logs in" in a similar manner to the way the service representative logs in as per FIG. 2. For example, at announcement step 310, a welcome announcement to the psychic network service may play. If the service representative queue is relatively full, announcement may indicate that the caller's call is important and will be delayed momentarily. Based on controller calculated average call durations and other queuing theory calculations, the controller 110 may even indicate that the waiting time may be expected to be so many seconds and, in the meanwhile, will begin to record certain service and service representative preference information. For example, as before, the caller may log in their month day and year of birth, their sex and their service preference (one, two, three or more service representative conferees). As steps 310 and 315 are repeated, the controller variously calls into play the ARU 135, ANI 125 and DTMF receiver/decoder 120 as necessary. The controller may consult a database to determine, among other things, how the caller has paid in the past to determine billing arrangements, has used the service before, what preferences and data was accumulated at that time and bring such useful data to this call to active memory. Once the call is accepted and the caller has logged in, of course, their input data is registered into active memory 115 at step 320. The registered data may include, among other things, name, address, zip code, telephone number, credit card type and number, bank name and account number and billing data, service preference, and data that may be used to match with service representative data. For example, the caller's sign of the Zodiac, determined from birth date input or entered separately may be matched with similar psychic service representative information before the call is initiated. Identification of service representatives step 325 then may be as simple as taking the next available service representative in an availability queue and associating them with a call-in caller. In a dual service representative call, the next two available service representatives are determined from the availability queue for a call and so on. The step can be more complicated as two psychic twins may be required to be identified and selected. Other criteria may include sex, sign of the Zodiac and other preference data. In all such criteria selection and matching or preferences, step 325 is crucial to obtaining the best service for a particular call-in caller. The trade-off is that there may not be as many available service representatives having desired criteria, and the delay in arranging a call may be lengthened or a particular call may be impossible to accomplish at a given time. Announcement 310 may be adaptively used to describe for the caller the real choices the caller is able to make at a particular time under control of controller 110. The caller may be offered additional choices within the same network, or through prior arrangement with another psychic counseling network service, the caller may be transferred to an available psychic representative of another psychic network service and receive service there. The call processing program now proceeds to step 330 once the plural service representatives are identified for a given call-in caller who has been properly matched. The particular steps of step 330 include 1) ringing simultaneously the two or more service representatives' lines/trunks 2) identifying the service type 3) identifying the other service representative conferee(s) as appropriate and 4) identifying caller information including their Zodiac sign and the like. Psychics are requested not to have ANI service or a display. However, if the service representative has an appropriate display, the caller can be identified by telephone number origin of caller and any particular information already known about the caller may be displayed as step 4). At the very least, a one line alphanumeric display may scroll through service representative conferee identity data and caller identity, if determinable. If the service representative has a more capable display, the service representative may be provided with all caller-preference, service and service representative conferee data via a preparatory signaling data link during ringing. The data may be temporarily stored at terminal 101a and then displayed or displayed before the service representative takes the call by going off hook. Once the service representative goes off hook, the caller will be billed for the call. Consequently, at step 335, all caller and service representative data is logged in along with time of day and date for calculating call duration in minutes and for billing and service representative compensation data logging. Specifically, the caller is billed for the duration from the first service representative going off hook until the last service representative goes on hook. Individual time logs are maintained for the caller (call duration) and each service representative (service duration). For example, when the first psychic hangs up, the system will update the database with the first psychic's connect time, time of day and the date. When the second or final psychic hangs up, the caller is billed for the total call time and the second psychic's connect time, time of day and date are logged as necessary. The two or more service representatives and caller are connected to a conference bridge 130 if necessary before or after the step 330. Conference bridge 130 may be required at step 335, for example, or may be necessary for automatically dialing via an included automatic dialer a conferee remote service representative. Also, a conference bridge is known to improve transmission quality by providing amplification and isolation for multiple conferees. A conference bridge 130 is not needed for a conference of just three conferees for transmission purposes but is recommended for four or more. Once the conferees (including the caller) have completed a call, step 340 is entered. On-hook conditions must be registered by the controller 110 and the time-of-day regarded in order to calculate the duration of the call. Each of the service representatives are returned to their respective availability queues until they choose to log off by following a log-off process complimentary to the log-in process of FIG. 2. Once a service representative logs in, the controller 110 anticipates that the next call to the service bureau is a log-off call and will provide an appropriate sequence of announcements and obtain responses to log off. The time of day may be regarded to determine how long the service representative has been on the job. If the counseling service is provided for a fee, it is anticipated according to the principles of the present invention that callers may be offered a variety of ways to pay for services offered. Some of the methods of payment may be more credit worthy than others. Such more credit worthy arrangements may include debit card, bank check or draft or major credit cards. A caller to the present system in response to a request via ARU unit 135 enters their preferred form of payment. A caller may receive preauthorization using these credit arrangements in real time, even prior to the counseling service and, consequently, may realize a discount according to the present invention which can induce the caller to use the method of payment that is desired by the service vendor. Payment method and billing arrangements are typically agreed upon after the call limiting, call blocking and fraud control features described above and may be agreed upon in advance of the call or prior to its conclusion. Preferably, such arrangements are agreed upon automatically by using message unit 135 and data input 120 as described above where MODEM 140 is used to obtain the payment authorization from a bank or credit agency. Prior to step 345 and using MODEM 140 in real time and prior to or during the call, the caller's credit card or other form of payment such as debit card or electronic check may be verified with a named bank or credit card agency. The caller enters their bank name, checking account number, card type, card number, debit card number by telephone keypad entry, a translation program identifies the telephone of the bank, credit bureau or agency and through an automatic upload/download receives payment authorization via modem 140. When the call is completed, controller 110 via MODEM 140 forwards the actual charge data to the credit agency or bank for real time debit of the caller's account. A non-psychic service representative may assist in collecting form of payment information prior to connection of the call in place of or as a supplement to automated means. In the very near future, callers may be equipped with video cameras and video conferencing with service representatives may become more available. The present invention is intended to be adaptable to providing video conferencing services. Moreover, the service representatives may not necessarily need to depend on central controller 110 for database maintenance services regarding caller and service representative data; such data may be maintained and updated in personal computers at the service representative's premises. Such other modifications and enhancements to the present invention may be adaptively made for providing other services than that described such as medical counseling, suicide hot-line and other services. Any patents or publications referenced above should be deemed to be incorporated by reference as to their entire subject matter should one believe it relevant to obtain details from such sources for explanations of related arrangements and how they may be employed to advantage in the present invention. The present invention should only be deemed to be limited in scope by the claims which follow. Patent Citations
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Camellia season is upon us! Many of the Sasanquas are already adding their colors to the fall garden with many like Yuletide flowering through Christmas. Some of the very earliest flowering Japonica Camellias are beginning to strut their stuff for the winter season like Woodville Red which is already in full bloom. The old and reliable Debutante is beginning its long flowering season that can last into April in our gardens. Camellias will do best in a well-draining, moderately fertile, acidic soil with average moisture and a deep organic mulch. They also make excellent container plants and bonsai specimens. Most of the larger flowered types will do best where they get some shade from the hottest part of the day and the Sasanqua types will tolerate full sun just fine under average conditions. To see our full line of Camellias just click here.
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Oh hey, welcome to our fortieth episode! Up top Mariam talks about seeing the Swedish film Den enfaldige mördaren with Stellan Skarsgård as a simple-minded farmhand who's lead to murder. Meanwhile Ari went to see the Oscarbaity musical Les Miserables…
Mariam's pick this week is the 1969 film Double Suicide from director Masahiro Shinoda. It starts of being showing people working on a theatrical production of a classic Bunraku play - and then turns into a quasi-theatrical retelling of the story itself. But what will Ari make of it?
Ari's pick this week is the undisputed action classic Die Hard, which as Ari pointed out last week, is probably the movie he's seen the most times. What will Mariam make of it, does it still thrill or has it been diluted by a series of uninspired rehashes?
As always you can contact us through a number of different ways. We highly recommend you do so! Send us an email, follow us on Twitter or like our Facebook site! And please write a review in iTunes and subscribe to the show!


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The Zero-Information-Limit-Condition and Spurious Inference in Weakly Identified Models
The fact that weak instruments lead to spurious inference is now widely recognized. In this paper we ask whether spurious inference occurs more generally in weakly identified models. To distinguish between models where spurious inference will occur from those where it does not, we introduce the Zero-Information-Limit-Condition (ZILC). When ZILC holds, the information or precision of parameter estimates is overestimated. We discuss how ZILC applies to models encountered in practice and show that spurious inference does occur when ZILC holds.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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Paper provided by University of Washington, Department of Economics in its series Working Papers with number UWEC-2006-07-P.Length:
Date of creation: May 2007
Date of revision:
Publication status: Published in Journal of Econometrics, Volume Vol. 138, 47-62.
Handle: RePEc:udb:wpaper:uwec-2006-07-p
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Keywords:Other versions of this item:
- Nelson, Charles R. & Startz, Richard, 2007. "The zero-information-limit condition and spurious inference in weakly identified models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 138(1), pages 47-62, May.
- Charles Nelson & Richard Startz, 2004. "The Zero-Information-Limit Condition and Spurious Inference in Weakly Identified Models," Working Papers UWEC-2004-03-FC, University of Washington, Department of Economics.
- NEP-ALL-2007-12-08 (All new papers)
- NEP-ECM-2007-12-08 (Econometrics)
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Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.Cited by:
- Jun Ma & Charles R. Nelson, 2008.
"Valid Inference for a Class of Models Where Standard Inference Performs Poorly: Including Nonlinear Regression, ARMA, GARCH, and Unobserved Components,"
Working Papers
UWEC-2008-06-R, University of Washington, Department of Economics, revised Sep 2008.
- Ma, Jun & Nelson, Charles R., 2010. "Valid Inference for a Class of Models Where Standard Inference Performs Poorly: Including Nonlinear Regression, ARMA, GARCH, and Unobserved Components," Economics Series 256, Institute for Advanced Studies.
- Pablo Guerron-Quintana & Atsushi Inoue & Lutz Kilian, 2009.
"Frequentist inference in weakly identified DSGE models,"
Working Papers
09-13, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
- Guerron-Quintana, Pablo A. & Inoue, Atsushi & Kilian, Lutz, 2009. "Frequentist Inference in Weakly Identified DSGE Models," CEPR Discussion Papers 7447, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Donald W. K. Andrews & Xu Cheng, 2011.
"Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Uniform Inference with Sporadic Identification Failure,"
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
1824, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
- Andrews, Donald W.K. & Cheng, Xu, 2013. "Maximum likelihood estimation and uniform inference with sporadic identification failure," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 173(1), pages 36-56.
- Donald W. K. Andrews & Xu Cheng, 2011. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Uniform Inference with Sporadic Identification Failure," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1824R, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, revised Oct 2012.
- Liu, Yan & Luger, Richard, 2009. "Efficient estimation of copula-GARCH models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(6), pages 2284-2297, April.
- Soloschenko, Max & Weber, Enzo, 2012. "Trend-Cycle Interactions and the Subprime Crisis: Analysis of US and Canadian Output," University of Regensburg Working Papers in Business, Economics and Management Information Systems 470, University of Regensburg, Department of Economics.
- Juan Urquiza, 2011. "Income Asymmetries and the Permanent Income Hypothesis," Documentos de Trabajo 409, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..
- Morley, James & Piger, Jeremy, 2008. "Trend/cycle decomposition of regime-switching processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 220-226, October.
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