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Reduced-Median-Network Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial DNA Coding-Region Sequences for the Major African, Asian, and European Haplogroups The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 70, Issue 5, 1 May 2002, Pages 1152-1171 Corinna Herrnstadt, Joanna L. Elson, Eoin Fahy, Gwen Preston, Douglass M. Turnbull, Christen Anderson, Soumitra S. Ghosh, Jerrold M. Olefsky, M. Flint Beal, Robert E. Davis and Neil Howell Abstract The evolution of the human mitochondrial genome is characterized by the emergence of ethnically distinct lineages or haplogroups. Nine European, seven Asian (including Native American), and three African mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been identified previously on the basis of the presence or absence of a relatively small number of restriction-enzyme recognition sites or on the basis of nucleotide sequences of the D-loop region. We have used reduced-median-network approaches to analyze 560 complete European, Asian, and African mtDNA coding-region sequences from unrelated individuals to develop a more complete understanding of sequence diversity both within and between haplogroups. A total of 497 haplogroup-associated polymorphisms were identified, 323 (65%) of which were associated with one haplogroup and 174 (35%) of which were associated with two or more haplogroups. Approximately one-half of these polymorphisms are reported for the first time here. Our results confirm and substantially extend the phylogenetic relationships among mitochondrial genomes described elsewhere from the major human ethnic groups. Another important result is that there were numerous instances both of parallel mutations at the same site and of reversion (i.e., homoplasy). It is likely that homoplasy in the coding region will confound evolutionary analysis of small sequence sets. By a linkage-disequilibrium approach, additional evidence for the absence of human mtDNA recombination is presented here. Abstract | Full Text | PDF (803 kb) |
Human mtDNA Haplogroups Associated with High or Reduced Spermatozoa Motility The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 67, Issue 3, 1 September 2000, Pages 682-696 Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini, Ana-Cristina Lapeña, Carmen Díez-Sánchez, Acisclo Pérez-Martos, Julio Montoya, Enrique Alvarez, Miguel Díaz, Antonio Urriés, Luis Montoro, Manuel J. López-Pérez and José A. Enríquez Abstract A variety of mtDNA mutations responsible for human diseases have been associated with molecular defects in the OXPHOS system. It has been proposed that mtDNA genetic alterations can also be responsible for sperm dysfunction. In addition, it was suggested that if sperm dysfunction is the main phenotypic consequence, these mutations could be fixed as stable mtDNA variants, because mtDNA is maternally inherited. To test this possibility, we have performed an extensive analysis of the distribution of mtDNA haplogroups in white men having fertility problems. We have found that asthenozoospermia, but not oligozoospermia, is associated with mtDNA haplogroups in whites. Thus, haplogroups H and T are significantly more abundant in nonasthenozoospermic and asthenozoospermic populations, respectively, and show significant differences in their OXPHOS performance. Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1340 kb) |
mtDNA Diversity in Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos: Implications for the Genetic History of Ancient Beringia and the Peopling of the New World The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 63, Issue 5, 1 November 1998, Pages 1473-1491 Yelena B. Starikovskaya, Rem I. Sukernik, Theodore G. Schurr, Andreas M. Kogelnik and Douglas C. Wallace Abstract Summary The mtDNAs of 145 individuals representing the aboriginal populations of Chukotka—the Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos—were subjected to RFLP analysis and control-region sequencing. This analysis showed that the core of the genetic makeup of the Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos consisted of three (A, C, and D) of the four primary mtDNA haplotype groups (haplogroups) (A–D) observed in Native Americans, with haplogroup A being the most prevalent in both Chukotkan populations. Two unique haplotypes belonging to haplogroup G (formerly called "other" mtDNAs) were also observed in a few Chukchi, and these have apparently been acquired through gene flow from adjacent Kamchatka, where haplogroup G is prevalent in the Koryak and Itel'men. In addition, a 16111C→T transition appears to delineate an "American" enclave of haplogroup A mtDNAs in northeastern Siberia, whereas the 16192C→T transition demarcates a "northern Pacific Rim" cluster within this haplogroup. Furthermore, the sequence-divergence estimates for haplogroups A, C, and D of Siberian and Native American populations indicate that the earliest inhabitants of Beringia possessed a limited number of founding mtDNA haplotypes and that the first humans expanded into the New World ∼34,000 years before present (YBP). Subsequent migration 16,000–13,000 YBP apparently brought a restricted number of haplogroup B haplotypes to the Americas. For millennia, Beringia may have been the repository of the respective founding sequences that selectively penetrated into northern North America from western Alaska. Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1608 kb) |
Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics All rights reserved.
The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 74, Issue 2, 229-238, 1 February 2004
J.L. Elson1, D.M. Turnbull1 and Neil Howell2, 3, ,
1 Mitochondrial Research Group, School of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Psychiatry, The Medical School, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne
2 MitoKor, Inc., San Diego
3 Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
This article provides evidence that selection has been a significant force during the evolution of the human mitochondrial genome. Both gene-by-gene and whole-genome approaches were used here to assess selection in the 560 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding-region sequences that were used previously for reduced-median-network analysis. The results of the present analyses were complex, in that the action of selection was not indicated by all tests, but this is not surprising, in view of the characteristics and limitations of the different analytical methods. Despite these limitations, there is evidence for both gene-specific and lineage-specific variation in selection. Whole-genome sliding-window approaches indicated a lack of selection in large-scale segments of the coding region. In other tests, we analyzed the ratio of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitutions in the 13 protein-encoding mtDNA genes. The most straightforward interpretation of those results is that negative selection has acted on the mtDNA during evolution. Single-gene analyses indicated significant departures from neutrality in the CO1, ND4, and ND6 genes, although the data also suggested the possible operation of positive selection on the AT6 gene. Finally, our results and those of other investigators do not support a simple model in which climatic adaptation has been a major force during human mtDNA evolution.


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November 18, 2010
Growing up in a typical Baptist town, I went to a very theologically dense church. At age 12, I was attending systematic theology classes with the youth group and asking for Calvin's Institutes for Christmas.
We spent several years studying Romans in the Sunday service, analyzing each verse to emphasize the justice of God and depravity of man to the extreme.
One can imagine what that would do to a budding intellectual. I essentially lived with no concept of a spiritual relationship until I was 17 because it all seemed like a crusade for truth, as if it were something to be contained and staunchly conformed to.
Instead, my religion consisted of a heavy defense of the Reformed regime, eager to argue with all my 'normal' Baptist friends; keep in mind, this was happening in middle school.
When my classmates were talking about altar calls and Super Bowl parties, I was learning about Jonathan Edwards and memorizing my MacArthur Student Bible. Needless to say, I was a strange kid.
Thankfully, my parents saw fit to change churches for my high school years. There I had an incredible youth pastor and another beloved mentor who shaped much of my understanding of the Father.
Together, we embarked on a journey repairing this wounded soul tainted by legalism. They taught me much about mercy and showed me what that looks like.
Through big hugs and shared tears, they illustrated wholehearted surrender to a God of grace, and were patient enough to let me learn it through my own questioning.
With several years of distance between that snotty Calvinist kid and a now half-Presbyterian college student (at a Baptist university), I can appreciate many aspects of both sides of my theological upbringing.
In some ways, I learned deep truths about the attributes of God, and the importance for both reverence and boldness. The other side of that coin, unfortunately, was that it gave me the arrogance to believe that I could actually fully comprehend the Creator through my own understanding.
My Christianity was reduced to Biblical 'truths' that had no resonating power within my life, because they did not culminate in acts of love.
This is why I now struggle with many zealous, perhaps dogmatic claims about the nature of God and what His Word says about how we should live�and how those manifest themselves in political and congregational issues.
I fear that for those of us raised in the Church, it may become easier to expect theology to be sufficient when 'sharing our faith.' It may seem like enough to pass along Bible verses when someone is seeking answers that words will not provide. And it may cause our good intentions to come off seeming callous, hollow and condescending.
When faced with real life experiences�especially the ones that make us question the Father�how are we as Christians to respond?
Is it enough to read the Bible and be told that "God has a plan"? I have not typically found that to be very helpful; in fact, I have almost never been able to recall any reference that someone shared with me in the midst of my suffering (except for Psalm 46:10, but that�s another story for another column).
Rather, I have never forgotten their presence in the moment I needed them; I have clung to the memories when there were ears to listen, arms to fall into, and shoulders to capture my tears. And I have owned the few comforting words that flowed spontaneously from their lips with a genuine passion�words that I would argue come straight from the Father as well.
Can Scripture be a great source of consolation? Of course.
I have also sought many verses to form a stable foundation when nothing else makes sense. But above all else, these words must contain the abundant life within them that give us our reason for believing�and if that is not evident through our actions, we should never expect anyone to find anything sacred in our faith.
I share all this to humbly suggest that we be cautious when speaking words of �truth� in this world. We must be careful never to sound like �resounding gongs� or �clanging cymbals,� but simply stretch out our hands in love and humility.
And we must see that our lives reflect the power of what we believe so that they may not even have to hear us speak. Peace be with you.
�Let all the brothers, however, preach by their deeds.� St. Francis of Assisi

subset: commoncrawl


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West Kentucky Warriors make memorable home debutPADUCAH, KY-- As the West Kentucky Warriors made their way onto the football field for their season opener this weekend, players admit they were a little nervous. "The first kickoff, I was just shivering with excitement," admitted senior defensive lineman Jonathan Crotser. That's because for the first time ever, the Warriors were playing a home game. Which in itself is a pretty big deal, considering just a few months ago, the group of home school kids was forced to practice on soccer fields because they didn't have a field of their own. "Every time I think about it, it brings a tear to my eyes," said senior lineman Case Harris. "I've been apart of this for five or six years now, and I've gotten to see what God has done from the ground up." Now that they have a home field, the Warriors won't have to travel three hours away for every game. And most importantly, they can show the folks here at home what they've worked so hard to accomplish. Follow WPSD Sports on Facebook by clicking here. |
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TV's Alexander Armstrong has date with Keswick holiday park
Last updated at 20:20, Thursday, 22 March 2012
A family-run holiday park near Keswick has been used as the setting for part of a new ITV comedy drama.
Castlerigg Hall Caravan and Camping Park was used to shoot scenes for the new Thursday night show Love Life.
More than 60 actors and film crew, including top actor/comedian Alexander Armstrong and Andrea Lowe, were at the park in November for about a week of filming.
David Jackson, 47, one of the partners who run the park, said: "It's fantastic that we were part of it and great to meet such famous actors.
"The girls who work for us were excited that Alexander was filming here and were so pleased they got to meet him.
"I think we were chosen because the location manager had caravanned with us before and we'd also written into Cumbria Tourism's media department to be considered as a filming location."
Mr Jackson said he hoped the airtime given to the Lake District scenery would boost the county's tourist trade in time for the new holiday season.
He said: "It is a great opportunity for the Lake District and Cumbria to get on the map.
"The story is, of course, fiction but there's no hiding the reality of the beautiful Lakeland landscape."
Mr Armstrong is the presenter of BBC 1 quiz show Pointless and Dave's Big Ask, as well as being half of comedy duo Armstrong and Miller. He also plays a character in the TV adverts for Direct Line insurance and is a regular panellist on shows including Have I Got News For You and QI.
Miss Lowe is best known for playing sidekick DS Annie Cabbot, in ITV series DCI Banks, starring Stephen Tompkinson.
Love Life, written by Lark Rise To Candleford's Bill Gallagher, focuses on what happens after Joe (Downton Abbey's Rob James-Collier) goes travelling, only to discover when he returns that his former girlfriend Lucy is pregnant.
It also stars Gregor Fisher, known to millions as Rab C Nesbitt, and it will be broadcast at 9pm on Thursdays on ITV.
First published at 19:24, Thursday, 22 March 2012
Published by http://www.timesandstar.co.uk
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As we entered the actual port after dropping off our luggage we encountered two pretty long lines as boarding started at 12 PM. Mistake #1.....dont try to board until 3.....you will do nothing more than stand in line for 2 hours getting through security getting checked in etc....MAKE sure you have birth certificates on everyone in your party no matter what they tell you on the phone....I called 2 days prior to departure and was told me normy wife needed our birth certificates to board only the kids....BUT we had to bring our marriage certificate to show her last name....she brought that and the birth certificate for herself.....didnt have mine which presented a prob......anyhow got that faxed over and disaster averted. Meanwhile as we sat waiting for about 35-40 mins from about 245-320....after wards no one was coming through for boarding so if you wait til about 3.....you walk right through everything and just get right on.
As we got on went through the safety drills blah blah blah....kids wanting to see it all etc...normal typical teenagers and 10 yr old.
Food was good got to try several things that I had never tried before escargot etc....was disappointed the only night they offered lobster was on a nt they had the Captains dinner.....which i tohught hell I paid to get on here and I dont see the Rockefellers so why the hell shouldnt I be able to eat with the rest on lobster nt ( one of the main reasons I wanted to cruise).
Went to 2 "Vegas" styled shows and they were both really good hats off to all the performers as they were really good.
Hit the casino every night while on board after everyone else went to bed and the last night there loaded up with 3 other guys to take down around $7500 on the craps table in 2 sessions......Took around $2100 off the table poersonally that night thanks guys trip paid for!
Only thing that I really had an issue with is Beer and Drink prices....I understand profits not a dirty word....but working for Budweiser for a number of years and knowing what they were paying ( or cheaper) wholesale and then selling it for at $7 a pop was i thought a little pricey...throw in mixed drinks as well inthat neighborhood and i didnt consume too many. If they can sell me 4 bottles of Crown Royal for $69 in the duty free shop.....then that tells me about $10 a bottle is all they are paying most likely for liquor....by the way those pint aluminum mich lights.....about .70 apiece for those....you do the math.....suggestion to carnival....if you will go back to a $200 all you can drink alcohol card its a wise idea.....( i do understand they may not want a boat full of drunks as well).
Also anytime you use your key card which is your way of paying for ANYTHING and I do mean ANYTHING.....they automatically asess you a 15% tip.....bought myself and my two kids unlimited cokes for $75.....yep they added 15% for putting 3 little stickers on our key cards....
Nassau was great saw a guy get arrested for buying drugs and locked up so i guess hes up the creek.....Senor Frogs was the bomb....nothing like partying with the 2 kids in there!
Overall my experience was a great one and yes Iwould go back again.....now I know a little more about what to expect and will be a little more informed next time out!


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The WPIAL is made up of 9 counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Greene, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland. District 7 is one of 12 districts governed by the Constitution and By-Laws of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association.
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On the dole - 1939
On the dole - 1939
On The Dole
Unemployed and in receipt of state benefit.
In the UK, Unemployment Benefit has been known by the slang term 'the dole' since WWI. This derives from the 'doling out', i.e. 'handing out' of charitable gifts of food or money. This dates back to at
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The Mystery
Unknown Persons. Do not know where this was taken.


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Romney Web Ad "Big Bain Backfire" Uses Dems To Slam Obama "Romney Web Ad "Big Bain Backfire" Uses Dems To Slam Obama" 97.1 FM Talk
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CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- Spring Valley faced a third-and-goal from the George Washington 3-yard line with 9 minutes left in a scoreless first half Friday night at Steve Edwards Sr. Field.
West Virginia recruit Elijah Wellman took a handoff from quarterback Cody Brown and bounced to the left, avoiding GW linebacker Trevon Johnson in the process of looking to make his way to the end zone.
But as Wellman eluded Johnson's grasp, Patriot linebacker Dustin Crouser emerged from a pack of players and strung Wellman's run toward the sideline. By the time Crouser wrapped his arms around him, Wellman was back at the 9 and dropped for a 6-yard loss.
It was the tipping point in what became a 42-7 rout for the Class AAA No. 3 Patriots (5-1).
"I thought being able to keep our composure there - they had just gotten a nice little break - was important for us," GW Coach Steve Edwards Jr. said.
"Early in the game, both teams were pushing and shoving in a good way, playing hard. Our kids bowed their backs a little bit, and I'm proud of them for doing that."
Faced with a 26-yard field-goal attempt from the left hashmark, Spring Valley's Sam Brody missed wide right.
Afterward, it took GW just six plays before senior Ryan Switzer took control of the Patriot offense with a 33-yard touchdown run. It was the first of five scores for the 2011 Kennedy Award winner and North Carolina recruit.
"After that field goal, momentum jumped ship," Edwards said. "They had it for a second then it jumped on our back and, well, we're not going to try to kick (Switzer) out or anything."
It was perhaps the best manifestation of the Switzer/Crouser combination in the players' standout careers. Switzer finished with 310 rushing yards on 18 carries while Crouser - a University of Charlotte recruit - had three tackles for loss and led a defense that held the Timberwolves (3-3) to 48 total yards from the time of Brody's miss until the teams removed their starters in the fourth quarter with GW ahead 42-0.
"We practiced for this all week. We knew it was going to be a physical game. I knew it was going to be a physical game," Crouser said. "This was definitely, defensively, our best game of the year.
"We came to play. Our defensive line and linebackers came hard. It was relentless."
The Patriots regularly packed 10 defenders into the box against the Spring Valley wing-T set, which produced only 12 passing yards before starters were removed.
"That's the best defensive player in the state," Switzer said, pointing to Crouser after the win. "I expect this kind of performance from him. He brings it everyday in practice and workouts, and I've had the good fortune of being able to play with this kid.
"I know what he's about. Maybe it's surprising to some people but I know he's the best in the state."
* * *


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A federal judge on Thursday approved a partial settlement of a lawsuit over mountaintop removal, paving the way for environmental agencies to more tightly regulate mining.
Chief U.S. District Judge Charles Haden II rejected coal industry arguments that strict regulation would be a severe and unfair hardship on mine operators.
"Predictable delays to mining permits are insufficient to derail an otherwise fair, reasonable and lawful settlement agreement executed by a federal agency," Haden wrote.
Haden ruled Thursday only on a proposal by regulators and environmental groups to settle claims that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers illegally allowed mine operators to bury streams with valley fills.
At the same time, negotiations continued on a long list of other allegations that the state Division of Environmental Protection ignored federal laws in permitting mountaintop removal mines.
Those claims are scheduled to go to trial before Haden on July 13.
"There are significant negotiations going on," said one source close to the talks. "This is a resolvable problem."
Bill Raney, president of the West Virginia Coal Association, said his organization agreed Thursday to continue talks based on a broad set of possible terms under which environmentalists might consider dropping their suit.
According to Raney, those terms include a further tightening of the approximate original contour definition, limiting possible post-mining land uses for mountaintop removal, and mitigating area lost to mountaintop removal with coal company donations of land for public uses.
"All of these things are still up for discussion and we need to get on with those discussions and see if some resolution can be reached," Raney said.
Representatives of the West Virginia Highlands Conservancy have declined to comment on a June 12 meeting at which their group's board of directors discussed a potential settlement.
Frank Young, the conservancy president, said that all parties to the suit agreed not to discuss the negotiations.
"I can't even confirm that we met right now," Young said. "This is sensitive stuff."


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Definition of self-pollination in English:
Syllabification: self-pol·li·na·tionnoun
Botany- The pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant.More example sentences
- As for calculation of the selfing rate, self-pollination was with pollen from other flowers of the same plant.
- Geitonogamy can be due to self-pollination between flowers on the same branch, different flowering branches of the same plant, or different ramets of the same clonal genet.
- Treatment B was conducted to examine autonomous self-pollination by enclosing intact flowers, before anthesis, in small plastic bags.
- More example sentences
- However, in a separate study, we observed that the amount and elongation rate of self-pollinated pollen tubes in the styles did not differ from those that were cross-pollinated.
- Ovules from self-pollinated carpels appear to degenerate early in development.
- In contrast, self-pollination was conducted using pollen from dehisced staminate flowers on the same inflorescence or branch as the self-pollinated carpel.
- More example sentences
- Preliminary observations on the plant breeding system were made by manually self-pollinating flowers.
- They are seedless and self-pollinating, of uniform shape and length, and free of the bitterness which used to be a feature of cucumbers and accounts for the instruction in older recipes to debitter them.
- Coffee plants are self-pollinating, so they fruit and set seed without the help of pollinating insects.
- More example sentences
- If you want to grow fruit, you'll need to plant two varieties, though, because blueberries are not self-pollinators.
- Both peas and wheat are very strict self-pollinators, so their genomes should be uniform.
More definitions of self-pollination
Definition of self-pollination in:- The British & World English dictionary
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Word of the day
Pronunciation: ˌeksəˈterik
likely to be understood by the general public


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Adolph John Kissell
Position: HB
Height: 5-11 Weight: 190 lbs.
Born: September 11, 1920 in Nashua, NH
Died: August 7, 1983 in Wareham, MA
College: Boston Col. (school history)
Drafted by the Chicago Bears in the 21st round (195th overall) of the 1942 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 0 (14415th overall since 1950)
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Output includes all games from 1940 to 2013.


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Chicago Cubs preview
by: Brad PinkertonMar 15, 2013 9:18 AM
Age: 28 | Height: 6'3" | Weight: 215 lbs |
Born: Apr 5, 1985 - Long Beach, California United States | College: None | |
Throws/Bats: R / L | Salary: $2,000,000 | Debut: 8/11/2007 |
Draft: 2003 - Round 1 |
Date | Injury | Status |
3/31/13 | Strained Left Quad | On 15-day DL |
3/22/13 | Strained Left Quad | On 15-day DL |
12/31/12 | Quadriceps | Sidelined |
Wed Jan 30, 2013 12:22 pm The Cubs hoped Stewart would rebound to become a mainstay at the hot corner after a down year in Colorado, but he provided more questions than answers with his terrible offensive season. Stewart's year got even worse with a wrist injury that required surgery.
Fantasy Source Spin: More than enough power upside for a flier in single leagues, but playing time is not guaranteed.
Source: Fantasy Source
Fri Feb 3, 2012 9:03 am Stewart lost it last season, struggling through injuries and season-long slump. But he did launch 14 homers in only 171 at-bats at Triple-A.
Fantasy Source Spin: We don't usually see players with established track records disappear at age 26, so Stewart is an astute single-league flier with some upside.
Source: Fantasy Source
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The MTA's Center for Education Policy and Practice recommends the following conferences, institutes and workshops to MTA members. In addition, the CEPP offers local associations and school districts a catalog of professional development institutes and workshops that can be tailored to meet local needs. For our complete listing and more information on arranging for CEPP workshops or institutes in your community, visit the CEPP Professional Development Catalog Online.
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Spelling Test Practice with Nouns by EFlashApps is an educational app that comes with over 500 nouns flashcards to help kids from pre-school through second grade build their vocabulary and improve their spelling. Ranked in Top 100 free apps for kids ages 6 through 8 on the iTunes App Store, this is a perfect task-oriented learning app for elementary education.
Fredericksburg, Virginia (PRWEB) February 22, 2014
EFlashApps, developers of award winning early childhood educational apps, have released Spelling Test Practice with Nouns, a fully customizable grammar literacy and spelling app available on the Apple Appstore. Ranked in Top 100 free apps for kids ages 6-8, this app provides kids time-tested method of learning new words with flash cards and practicing spelling skills using interactive listening-comprehension tests.
Spelling Test Practice with Nouns app is perfect for kids in preschool, kindergarten, first and second grades who have just learned to read and need to practice their spelling skills. "A superb combination of over 500 nouns flash cards with colorful pictures, professional voice-overs and award winning EFlashApps kids friendly user interface all come together meticulously to keep young minds engaged in learning while being absolutely entertained," said EFlashApps CEO Meeta Shah.
Top review sites for education apps are loving the educational value this app offers for kids:
"A great addition to your educational apps collection." - The iPhone Mom
"Favorite feature of this app is the ability to customize my own spelling lists." - Funeducationalapps
"Spelling Test Practice with Nouns is the perfect grammar app for children." - Phonesreview
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Spelling Test Practice with Nouns is available worldwide exclusively through the App Store in the Education category. The is a full-featured app without ads or in-app purchases and 100% kids safe with parental controls.
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Founded in 2009, Fredericksburg, Virginia based company, EFlashApps is a mobile applications development company focusing on creating mobile apps and web-based online curriculum geared towards early childhood education.
EFlashApps Baby Flash Cards apps are now available in 12 languages. Additional apps include series of First Words apps for preschool to second grade levels and Kids Picture Dictionary. EFlashApps Nursery Rhymes music albums are available on iTunes. The EFlashApps YouTube Channel features original animated videos of songs from the Nursery Rhymes albums. The company provides sneak previews, promo codes, updates and news on its website and social media pages. Parents and educators are encouraged to join EFlashApps Facebook page for these updates.
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An even larger "family" consists of the progeny of late Plantagenet, Capetian (of France) and Hohenstaufen (of Germany) kings, which in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries became in large part a Renaissance courtly nobility in each of the newly solidifying European nations. Over the next 300 years these courtiers transformed themselves into, among other groups, a "robe and sword" nobility in France, Spanish conquistadors and viceroys, papal and other Italian rulers, Prussian Junkers, an Austrian princely diplomatic corps and bureaucracy, a Russian princely intelligentsia, and colonial American governors, ministers, planters and merchants (plus their nineteenth-century pioneer, tycoon, Brahmin and "400" descendants). To this last enormous kindred belong such figures and families as Lafayette and Talleyrand in France; Mendoza and Guzmán in Spain; Colonna, Orsini, Medici and Farnese in Italy; Bismarck and Krupp in Germany; Schwarzenberg and Esterházy in Austria and Hungary; and Tolstoy, Pushkin and Turgenev in Russia; plus, of course, Cecil and Cavendish in England and Dudley, Bulkeley, Livingston, Randolph, Logan and Cadwalader in America. In evoking these two larger "families" and documenting some of these surprising connections I shall depend heavily on both my own earlier research, mostly for "The Mowbray Connection," and the superb and massive new British (especially Scottish) and continental collections given to us by John H. Cook, the late John Insley Coddington, and C. Frederick Kaufholz.
I wish to begin this series, and an exploration of the Anglo-American gentry-derived "family," by outlining two royal descents that may indeed surprise many readers. Perhaps equally surprising at first will be the delineation also of the nearest readily traceable New England cousins of these figures. Yet the nineteenth-century British "intellectual aristocracy," first defined by Noel Annan in J.H. Plumb, ed., Studies in Social History (1955), was often descended from gentle, noble and royal families. And virtually anyone with such ancestry, including most of the modern peerage, gentry and British "establishment," will descend from first, second or third cousins of various early immigrants to New England. Nonetheless, descent from a late Plantagenet (an aunt, in fact, of Kings Edward IV and Richard III), from an aunt also of Queen Elizabeth I, and from the third wife and sister respectively of Elizabethan favorites Leicester and Essex - such ancestry for the naturalist Charles Robert Darwin is startling.
Startling, too, is the realization that Karl Marx, author of "A Communist Manifesto" and descendant of the famed Katzcnellenbogen rabbinical family also ancestral to Mendelssohn, Helena Rubinstein and David Halberslam, married the daughter of a Junker baron. The mother of that Junker baron, moreover, was a Scottish Wishart whose own mother was the heiress of the Campbells of Orchard and great-granddaughter of six Campbells - of Ardkinglass, Glenurchy, Ardentinny, Kinochtree, Lochnell, and Auchinbreck. Anne Campbell of Orchard was also the great-great-granddaughter of two baronets, including Sir Robert Campbell, 3rd Bt. of Glenurchy, grandfather of the 1st earl of Breadalbane. Sir Robert, great-grandson himself of an illegitimate daughter of James IV, King of Scots, married Isabel Mackintosh, a descendant of Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots, and Edward III of England. A great-nephew of Isabel, Col. Henry Mackintosh or McIntosh, immigrated to Boston and Bristol, Rhode Island. His daughter Elizabeth married her immigrant cousin, Lachlan Mackintosh (or McIntosh), a great-nephew of Henry, and their daughter Elizabeth married the loyalist Isaac Royall, Jr., of Medford, Mass., whose home is now a national landmark and major tourist attraction. Isaac and his wife later [147] fled to Halifax, their daughter Elizabeth Royall married Sir William Pepperell (formerly Sparhawk), 1st Bt., grandson of the hero of Louisburg, and among their British great-grandsons was the antiquarian Edward Walford. Descendants of Karl and Jenny Marx, all through their daughter Jenny Caroline and her French husband Charles Longuet, include grandson Jean Longuet (1876-1938), a colleague and friend of Leon Blum, and great-grandsons Karl (b. 1904) and Paul Jean Longuet (b. 1909), noted sculptor and agriculturalist respectively. One pattern in Mrs. Marx's ancestry may be repeated in other "surprising connections" in this series. It is the frequent descent of nineteenth- and twentieth-century continental figures from Irish or Scottish fore-bears - sometimes Jacobites, sometimes refugees, often "soldiers of fortune" - of the preceding two centuries.
Despite twentieth-century revisions and corrections to the theory of evolution, and despite the recent dismantling of many communist governments, parties or structures. the importance of Darwin and Marx as seminal figures in modern history can scarcely be exaggerated. Christianity and religious thought generally had to take account of evolution; social Darwinism or "the survival of the fittest" among men, ideas and institutions influenced much later economic theory (perhaps even to supply-side "Reaganomics"); and some Marxist theory lies behind both the "democratic socialism" of post-World War II Europe and various labor movements since probably the 1870s. Even most short lists of "men who changed the world" would include Darwin and Marx - and among late nineteenth-century thinkers only Einstein and Freud might be rated so influential. But although the royal descent and closest New England connections of Jenny Marx can be summarized fairly briefly, as above, and are amplified in the outline below, the noble ancestry and distant American kin of Darwin require longer treatment.
Charles Robert Darwin's royal, noble and gentle ancestry was fully outlined as early as 1908, in the Isabel of Essex volume of Ruvigny's The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal, fully cited below. A centerpiece of Noel Annan's "intellectual aristocracy," Darwin was the grand-son of physician and poet Erasmus Darwin, who founded the Philosophical Society at Derby in 1784, and of Josiah Wedgwood, the potter, of Etruria. The latter married Sarah Wedgwood, his third cousin; both were of rather remote gentry ancestry through the Bowyer, Burslem, Ford and Brereton families. However, Erasmus Darwin's first wife, grandmother of the naturalist, was Mary Howard of Lichfield, granddaughter of Paul Foley, M.P., a first cousin of Thomas Foley, 1st Baron Foley of Kidderminster, and of his sister Elizabeth, wife of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford, British minister under Queen Anne, and ancestress of H.M. Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother. Paul Foley was a grandson maternally of the 6th baron Paget, ancestor of the marquesses of Anglesey. Thus from a daughter of an older peerage clan springs a gentry family (another branch of which is ennobled) from whose daughter's daughter descends a distinguished group of "intellectual aristocrats." Darwin himself married a first cousin, Emma Wedgwood, whose brother; Josiah Wedgwood (III), married Darwin's sister, Caroline Sarah. Margaret Susan Wedgwood, a daughter of these last, married Arthur Charles Vaughan Williams, and was the mother of Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958), the composer. One of Darwin's first cousins of the half blood, moreover, was Sir Francis Gallon, the founder of eugenics, son of Samuel Tertius Gallon (whose mother was a Quaker Barclay of royal descent) and Frances Anne Violetta Darwin, daughter of Erasmus Darwin and his second wife, Elizabeth Collier.
Through Darwin's mother-in-law, Elizabeth Allen wife of Josiah Wedgwood, Jr., there is, in addition, a pivotal link between this major intellectual clan and perhaps the leading politically active family of the Tory, later Conservative, aristocracy. Antoinette Caroline Allen, a sister of Mrs. Wedgwood, married Rev. Edward Drewe; their daughter, Georgiana Catherine Drewe, married Sir Edward Hall Alderson and one of her daughters, Georgiana Alderson, in 1857 married Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, British prime minister, 1885-92, 1895-1900, and 1900-2. This marriage can almost be said to begin the genealogical formation of the British "establishment" - the merging of the older peerage, country gentry, "intellectual aristocracy" and industrial tycoons into families that fill cabinet, county, bureaucratic, university, learned society, corporate and trustee positions almost inter-changeably. The American equivalent of this "establishment" is the "Social Register" elite, an amalgam of Boston-Salem mercantile families; Harvard and Yale, later Ivy League intellectuals (especially important in the "flowering of New England" and the Unitarian, abolition, feminist, peace, and civil-rights movements); New York, Midwestern and other "tycoon" families; and Mrs. Astor's "400," later Newport "society." This consolidation, like its British counterpart, also produced many twentieth-century leaders.
Turning now to Darwin's American kin, we can note firstly that among his italicized ancestors listed below, --Sir Francis Knollys and Catherine Cary were maternal grandparents of Thomas West, 3rd Baron Delaware (de la Warr), Hon. Francis West and Hon. John West, all governors of Virginia (of whom John left a large progeny); matrilineal great-grandparents of Harvard College treasurer Herbert Pelham and his sister Penelope wife of Massachusetts governor Richard Bellingham and matrilineal great-great-grandparents of Mrs. Anne Humphrey Palmes Myles of Swansea, Mass., identified in NEXUS 4(1987):69-73, as an ancestor of John D. and William Rockefeller. Darwin ancestors Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich, and Elizabeth Jenkes were matrilineal great-great-grandparents of Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, proprietary governor of Maryland, and Hon. Leonard Calvert, colonial governor of Maryland (via Wroth, Wynne, and Calvert); and of Sir William Lovelace of Woolrich, Kent (via Wroth, Aucher, and [148] Lovelace), whose children include New York colonial governor Francis Lovelace and Mrs. Anne Lovelace Gorsuch of Maryland. An illegitimate son of the 1st baron Rich was the maternal grandfather of Nathaniel Browne of Middletown, Connecticut, and another great-great-great-grandson of the 1st baron was Maj. Robert Peyton of Virginia.
Edward Cope and Elizabeth Mohun were matrilineal great-grandparents of William Goddard of Watertown, Mass., and Edward's uncle, Sir John Cope of Canons Ashby, Northamptonshire, whose progeny includes the poet John Dryden, the satirist Jonathan Swift, the gossip and collector Horace Walpole, and Elizabeth Boyle, wife of the poet Edmund Spenser, was also the matrilineal great-grandfather of the famed Mrs. Anne Marbury Hutchinson, religious liberal and a founder of Rhode Island, and of her sister, Mrs. Catherine Marbury Scott of Providence. New England descendants of earlier Cope ancestors include William Pynchon, founder of Springfield, Massachusetts, a great-grandson of Tudor minister Sir Richard Empson and third cousin of Edward Cope, and fur trader John Nelson of Boston, a Spencer and Empson descendant. Among Virginia immigrants distantly related to Copes was Spencer descendant John Washington of Westmoreland County, great-grandfather of the president. Roger Giffard and Mary Nanseglos were great-great-grandparents of Rev. William Sargent of Malden, Mass.; and Roger's niece, Amy Giffard, wife of Richard Samwell, was a great-great-grandmother of Mrs. Alice Freeman Thompson Parke of Roxbury, Mass. and Stonington, Conn., an ancestress of The Princess of Wales and her sons. Finally among Darwin ancestors italicized below, Richard Cave and Margaret Saxby were great-great-grandparents of Acting Governor Jeremiah Clarke of Rhode Island and ancestors also, among Virginia immigrants, of Sir Grey Skipwith, 3rd Bt., and his sister, Mrs. Diana Skipwith Dale, and of Henry and William Randolph, the latter probably the major ur-father of the Tidewater plantation aristocracy. Presidential descendants of these immigrant cousins of Darwin, besides Washington, include Jefferson, a great-grandson of William Randolph; Coolidge, a descendant of Goddard; F.D. Roosevelt, a descendant of Mrs. Hutchinson and Nelson; and Bush, also a descendant of Mrs. Hutchinson (Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, I might add, was descended from Gov. [Hon.] John West of Virginia). Tycoon connections, in addition to Rockefellers, include Joseph Wharton, via both Mrs. Katherine Marbury Scott and Acting Governor Jeremiah Clarke (see NEXUS 4:69-73); Mrs. Alexis Irenée DuPont, Jr., via Mrs. Anne Marbury Hutchinson; Mrs. Harvey Samuel Firestone, Jr., Mrs. William Clay Ford, and Mrs. Cyrus Hall McCormick, via Mrs. Alice Freeman Thompson Parke (NEXUS 4:159-62); "Hetty" Green, also via both Mrs. Scott and Act. Gov. Clarke; Mrs. William Averell Harriman, via Mrs. Hutchinson; Mrs. Russell Sage and Henry Clay Folger, Jr., both via Mrs. Scott; Mrs. Paul Mellon, via Mrs. Parke; and Mrs. Edward Stephen Harkness, Jr., via Act. Gov. Clarke (NEXUS 4:192-95).
Outlined below, then, generation by generation, from king to notable figure, with standard abbreviations, no places, dates in years only, but full documentation, are the "best" royal descents - those from the most recent king - for Charles Darwin and Mrs. Karl Marx. Also noted are Darwin's descents from italicized ancestors of American immigrants. The second line for Mrs. Marx, who has various descents from Edward III of England and James I or II and Robert I, II, or III of Scots, covers her Mackintosh (McIntosh)-Royall-Pepperell New England cousins but includes only a single death date for the first eight generations. One final note, I think, is appropriate. When I first developed this royal descent for Mrs. Marx about ten years ago I corresponded with Andrew B.W. MacEwen, who added much of interest from his own superb Scottish library, and the late John Insley Coddington, for whose obituary and a notice of the memorial service at NEHGS see the Register 145(1991):195-200 and NEXUS 8:93. John was delighted and much amused by the prospect of "A Marxist Royal Descent" (and other possible article titles he devised) and encouraged further work. This initial result is somewhat more serious than he first envisioned, but I hope he would have liked it. I also hope many readers will enjoy these "surprising connections," especially those that extend parts of the "New England family" to Great Britain, Europe and perhaps beyond.
1. Edward III, King of England (1312-77, King 1327-77) = 1328 Philippa of Hainault (ca. 1312-69)2. Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence (1338-68) = (1) 1342 Elizabeth de Burgh (1332-63)3. Philippa Plantagenet (1355-78) = 1368 Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (1352-81)4. Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March (1373-98) = ca. 1388 Eleanor Holand (ca. 1373-1405)5. Anne Mortimer (1390-1411) = ca. 1406 Richard Plantagenet. Earl of Cambridge (ca. 1376-1415), son of Edmund of Langley, Duke of York (& Isabel of Castile), son of Edward III, King of England (see above), & Philippa of Hainault6. Isabel Plantagenet (1409-84, aunt of Kings Edward IV & Richard III) (2) ca. 1426 Henry Bourchier, Count of Eu, 1st Earl of Essex (ca. 1404-83), son of William Bourchier, Count of Eu, & Anne Plantagenet, dau. of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (& Eleanor Bohun), son of Edward III, King of England (see above), & Philippa of Hainault7. Sir William Bourchier, d. post 1482/3 = ante 1467 Anne Woodville, d. 1489, sister of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen Consort of Edward IV8. Cecily Bourchier, d. 1493 John Devereux, 8th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (ca. 1464-1501)9. Walter Devereux, 1st Viscount Hereford (ca. 1491-1558) = (1) ca. 1503 Mary Grey, d. 1537/810. Sir Richard Devereux, d. 1547 = Dorothy Hastings11. Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex (1539-76) = Lettice Knollys (ca. 1539/40-1634, who = [2] Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, favorite of Elizabeth 1), [149] dau. of Sir Francis Knollys & Catherine Cary, dau. of William Cary & Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn, Queen Consort of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I12. Penelope Devereux (ca. 1561-1607), sister of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, favorite of Elizabeth I and leader of Essex's Rebellion) = (1) 1581 Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick (1559-1618/9), son of Robert Rich, 2nd Baron Rich (& Elizabeth Baldry), son of Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich, Lord Chancellor & Elizabeth Jenkes13. Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland (1590-1648/9) = ca. 1616 Isabel Cope (d. 1655), dau. of Sir Walter Cope & Dorothy Grenville, granddau. of Edward Cope (& Elizabeth Mohun) and Richard Grenville & Mary Giffard, great-granddau. of Sir Anthony Cope (& Jane Crews) and John Giffard (& Dorothy Dannett), great-great-granddau. of William Cope & Jane Spencer and of Roger Giffard & Mary Nanseglos, and great-great-great-granddau. of Sir John Spencer (son of Henry Spencer of Badby, Northamptonshire, d. 1477/8, & Isabella Lincoln) & Anne Empson (sister of Sir Richard Empson, minister of Henry VI) and of John Giffard & Agnes Winslow14. Frances Rich, d. 1672 = 1632 William Paget, 6th Baron Paget (1609-78), son of William Paget, 5th Baron Paget, & Lettice Knollys, dau. of Henry Knollys (son of Sir Francis Knollys & Catherine Cary above) & Margaret Cave, dau. of Sir Ambrose Cave (& Margaret Willingdon), son of Richard Cave & Margaret Saxby15. Penelope Paget = Philip Foley of Prestwood, Staffordshire, M.P., son of Thomas Foley of Witley Court, co. Worcester (1617-77) & Anne Browne, who are ancestors of H.M. Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (see Gerald Paget, The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, vol. 2 [1977], p. 39, #s K1813-14)16. Paul Foley, M.P., d. 1739 = Elizabeth Turton17. Penelope Foley (1708-48) = 1734 Charles Howard of Lichfield (1707-71)18. Mary Howard (1740-70) = 1757 Erasmus Darwin of Derby (1731 -1802), physician and poet19. Robert Waning Darwin, M.D., of Shrewsbury (1766-1848) = 1796 Susanna Wedgwood (1765-1817), dau. of Josiah Wedgwood of Etrunia, the potter, & Sarah Wedgwood (his wife and third cousin)20. Charles Robert Darwin (1809-82) 1839 Emma Wedgwood (1808-96), a cousin and descendant of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother of Kings Edward IV & Richard III, via the Pole, Stafford, Drury, Wray, Laugharne and Allen families
SOURCES for Darwin's ancestry: Marquis of Ruvigny and Raineval, The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal: The Isabel of Essex Volume (1908), tables I, II, VIII and IX, pp. 1-2, 9-10, 134-37, 508-9, 512,580-84; Burke's Landed Gentry (henceforth BLG), 18th ad., vol. 1 (1965), pp. 187-88 (Darwin) and Burke's Guide to the Royal Family (henceforth BGRF), 1st ed. (1973), pp. 198-201 (generations 1-6); G.E. Cokayne and Vicary Gibbs, ate, ads., The Complete Peerage (henceforth CP), 14 vols. (1910-59), 5:137-38, 140-41, 325-6, 6:478-79, 12, pt. 2:404-7, 6:538-40, 10:283-85 (Essex, Farmers of Chartley, Hereford, Warwick, Holland, Paget) and any recent Burke's Peerage for Foley; Dictionary of National Biography (henceforth DNB), articles on Sir Francis Knollys, Sir Ambrose Cave and Sir Richard Empson; TAG 22 (1945-46):27-37 (Rich); F.E. Cope, Records of the Family of Cope (1901), Pp. 5-7, 10, and G.B. Roberts, Ancestors of American Presidents, preliminary ed. rev. (1989), p. 181 (Spencer chart) and passim (for presidential connections cited above); George Lipscomb, History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham, vol. 1 (1847), p. 600 (Grenville) and The Register 75 (1921):135-37 (Giffard, reprinted in English Origins of New England Families from NEHGR, 1st ser. [1984], 1:& 31-33). See also Josiah C. Wedgwood, A History of the Wedgwood Family (1908) and (with Joshua G.E. Wedgwood) Wedgwood Pedigrees (1925)
SOURCES for Darwin's American kin: F.L. Weis and W.L. Sheppard, Jr., Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists 6th ed. (1988), lines 1, 228-29 (and TAG 18[1941-42]:210-18, for the West-Pelham immigrant cluster), 11 (Act. Gov. Jeremiah Clarke), 14 (the Marbury sisters), 43 (Rev. Wm. Sargent) and 29A (Mrs. Alice Freeman Thompson Parke), plus Weis and Sheppard with David Fam. The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215,4th ed. (1991), lines 71 (Randolphs), 85 (Skipwiths), 113A (Mrs. Anne Lovelace Gorsuch) and 122B (Nathaniel Browne); W.G. Davis, The Ancestry of Mary Isaac (1955), P. 178 (Wroth) and V.M. Meyer and J.F. Dorman, Adventurers of Purse and Person, Virginia, 1607-1624/5, 3rd ed. (1987), pp. 655-61 (West), 153-63 (Calvert), 401-8 (Lovelace); R.E.C. Waters, Genealogical Memoirs of the Extinct Family of Chester of Chicheley, vol. 1(1878), pp. 218-25, 238-43 (Maj. Robert Peyton), 73-80, 82-88, 93-97 (Cave to Clarke and Randolph, plus Burke's Peerage for Cave-Browne-Cave and Skipwith, baronets); F.A. Crisp, Visitation of England and Wales, Notes, vol.6(1906), pp. 110-11 (Wm. Goddard; Register 145 (1991): 20-21 and W.T.J. Gun, Studies in Hereditary Ability (1928), pp. 122-27 (the Marbury sisters, Mrs. Spenser, Dryden and Swift); DL. Jacobus and E.F. Waterman, Hale, House and Related Families (1952, reprint 1978), pp. 721-26 (Wm. Pynchon).
1. James IV, King of Scots (1472/3-1513, King 1488-15132. (illegitimate by Agnes Stewart, later Countess of Bothwell, d. 1557) Janet or Joan Stewart, d. 1560-62/3, (contract [henceforth "cont."]) 1523/4) Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Baron Fleming (ca. 1494-15473. Margaret Fleming, liv. 1584, = (2) (cont. 1557) John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl, d. 1579.4. Jean or Janet Stewart, d. 1593, = (cont. 1573) Sir Duncan Campbell, 1st Bt., of Glenurchy (ca. 1550-1631)5. Sir Robert Campbell, 3rd Bt., of Glenurchy (ca. 1575-1657), = (cont. 1605) Isabel Mackintosh (ca. 1583-1 667), see below6. Isabella Campbell, = (cont. 1636) Sir James Campbell of Ardkinglass, M.P. 1646-49.7. Robert Campbell of Orchard, d. 1703 = Jean Campbell of Ardentinny8. John Campbell of Orchard (ca. 1682-1768) = Anne Campbell of Kinochtree9. Anne Campbell of Orchard (c.a. 1711-1782) = Rev. (Dr.) George Wishart (ca. 1702-1785), Dean of [150] the Chapel Royal in Scotland. Fergusia Wishart, b. 1709, a 1st cousin of Rev. George, married George Lockhart of Carnwath. Their son, James Lockhart-Wishart, 1st Count of Lockhart, a general in the army of the Holy Roman Emperor, was the maternal grandfather of Mrs. Louisa Ann Matilda Aufrere Barclay of New York City (a 4th cousin of Jenny Marx, herself the maternal grandmother of George Lockhart Rives (1849-1917), lawyer, historian, civic leader, and Assistant U.S. Secretary of State.10. Jane Wishart of Pittarow (1742-1811) 1765 Christian Heinrich Philip, Baron von Westphalen (1724-1792)11. Johann Ludwig, Baron von Westphalen (1770-1842) = (2) 1812 Caroline Heubel (1780-1856)12. Johanna (Jenny) Bertha Julie von Westphalen (1814-1881) = 1843 Karl Marx (1818-1883)
SOURCES: Sir J.B. Paul, The Scots Peerage (henceforth SP), 9 vols. (1904-14), 1:21-23 (James IV), 8:537-42 (Fleming, under Wigtown), 1:444-45 (Atholl), 2:184-200 (Campbell of Glenurchy, under Breadalbane) and CP 2:238 (Bothwell), 5:532 (Fleming), 1:314 (Atholl); William Fraser, The Lennox, vol. 2 (1874), p. 257 (for proof of the maternity of Jean or Janet Stewart, #4); G. Harvey Johnston, The Heraldry of the Campbells, vol. 2(1921), pp. 55-56 (Glenurchy), 13 (Ardkinglass), 21 (Orchard); research and notes of Andrew B.W. MacEwen of Stockton Springs, Maine, probably the prominent living genealogist of noble Scottish families; Rev. Charles Rogers, "Memoir of George Wishart, the Scottish Martyr," in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1st ser., 4 (1876)-352 esp.; Genealogists' Magazine 19(1977-79): 23741 (Wishart to Mrs. Marx); Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels 64 (1977) (Adeligen Häuser B, vol. 12) 489-91 (Westphalen); Neil Rosenstein, Unbroken Chain, rev, ad., vol. 1(1990), pp.237-39 (Karl Marx and his descendants). For the Wishart-Rives connection see also Marquis of Ruvigny and Raineval, The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal, Mortimer-Percy Volume, Part 1 (1911), p. 185 and BLG, 6th ed. (1882), p. 53.
1. Edward III, King of England (see above) = Philippa of Hainault2. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, d. 1399 = (3) Catherine de Roët3. (legitimized) John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset and Somerset, d. 1410 Margaret Holand4. Joan Beaufort, d. 1445 = (1) James I, King of Scots; (2) Sir James Stewart, the "Black Knight of Lorne"5. (by 2) John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, d. 1512 = (2) Eleanor Sinclair6. John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Atholl, d. ca. 1521 = Janet Campbell7. Elizabeth Stewart = Kenneth Mackenzie of Kintail, d. 15688. Agnes Mackenzie = Lachlan Mackintosh (16th Chief) of Mackintosh, d. 16069. Isabel Mackintosh (ca. 1583-1667) = Sir Robert Campbell, 3rd Bt., of Glenurchy (ca. 1575-1 657), see above9. William Mackintosh, 1st of Borlum, d. 1630 (bro. of Isabel) = Elizabeth Innes, dau. of Robert Innes, 4th of Innermarkie (& Jean Barclay), son of Robert Innes, 3rd of Innermarkie (& Margaret Innes), son of Robert Innes of Monycabok (& Marion Ogilvy), son of Robert Innes, 2nd of Innermarkie & Elspeth Stewart, dau. of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, above, & Eleanor Sinclair10. Lachlan Mackintosh, 2nd of Borlum, d. ca. 1661 = (2) Helen Gordon11. Col. Henry Mackintosh (McIntosh), d. 1725, of Boston, Mass. & Bristol, R.I. = Elizabeth Byfield12. Elizabeth Mackintosh (McIntosh) = (1) ca. 1721 Lachlan Mackintosh (McIntosh), d. 1723, also of Bristol, R.1. (see below)13,14. Elizabeth Mackintosh (McIntosh) (1722-70), = 1738 Isaac Royall, Jr. (ca. 1719-1781) of Medford, Mass.; Halifax, N.S.; & Kensington, Middlesex, loyalist and benefactor of Harvard College14,15. Elizabeth Royall = Sir William Pepperell (formerly Sparhawk), 1st Bt. , grandson of Sir William Pepperell, 1st Bt. (of the first creation), the hero of Louisburg15,16. Elizabeth Royall Pepperell = Rev. Henry Hutton16,17. Mary Anne Hutton = Rev. William Walford17,18. Edward Walford (1823-1897), English antiquary & genealogist, a 7th cousin once and twice removed of Jenny Marx = (1) Mary Holmes Gray (2) Julia Mary Christina Talbot11. William Mackintosh, 3rd of Borlum (elder bro. of Col. Henry), d. 1716 = Mary Baillie. Their 2nd son, Lachlan Mackintosh of Knocknagel, d. 1735, (1) Mary Lockhart and was the father of John Mor Mackintosh (McIntosh) (1700-61), founder of a noted Southern family and father himself (by Marjory Fraser) of Revolutionary General Lachlan McIntosh (1725-1806).12. William Mackintosh, 4th of Borlum = Mary Reade, d. ante 171313. Lachlan Mackintosh (McIntosh), d. 1723, also of Bristol, R.I. = ca. 1721 12 Elizabeth Mackintosh (McIntosh), 12 above
SOURCES: BGRF, pp. 198-200 (Edward III to Queen Joan Beaufort); SP 1:440-43 (Atholl), 7:499-500 (Mackenzie, under Seaforth); A.M. Mackintosh, The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan (1903), pp. 141-92, 377-86 (and any recent Burke's Peerage for Innes of Balvenie, baronets); Walter H. McIntosh, A Genealogical Record of Families in New England Bearing the Name McIntosh (1981), p. 40, and McIntosh, Mackintosh Families of Scotland and America (1982), pp. 26, 49-51; Gladys N. Hoover, The Elegant Royalls of Colonial New England (1974); DNB, article on Edward Walford (his matrilineal great-grandfather is here-in mistakenly identified as the hero of Louisburg).


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When Van Deren first began having grand mal seizures in 1988, she refused to give in to them. Unable to drive, she walked to the supermarket, three miles away, pregnant, and pushing her two infant children in a stroller. Then she walked home, with the groceries in a backpack. Once her kids grew, she went downhill skiing—and wrapped her arms around the back of the chairlift each time she boarded, so she wouldn't fall out if she seized.
The auras kept coming, though, and sometimes Van Deren didn't grab her running shoes fast enough. She seized, and more cells in her brain died, and more rewired, and as a result her prelude-like auras shortened and shortened. "The seizures," she says, "overtook my body and my confidence. I tried to dig deep and hide my confusion. I didn't want my kids to feed off my fear."
Nonetheless, Michael Van Deren, the Marine, says that his mom's illness permeated his childhood. He remembers his mother once having a grand mal attack in the living room when he was 7 and his dad was away for the weekend. "It was fullblown," says Michael, who is now 24. "She was clenching her teeth. I yelled at Robin and Matt"—his younger siblings—"to leave the room. I didn't want them to see that."
Scott Van Deren adds, "Diane's epilepsy absolutely dominated the relational pattern of the family. The second I walked in from work, I'd ask, 'How's Mom? What's she doing?' I couldn't rest." The next seizure was always a threat. Once, when Scott was treating customers to dinner at a restaurant in Vail, Diane seized at the table. "It was a casual meeting on a summer day," he says, "and we hadn't discussed Diane's epilepsy with those people."
But the seizure that pains Diane most, in hindsight, happened when her daughter, Robin, now 22, was in grade school. Diane was coaching Robin's basketball team, and at a game, before hundreds of spectators, Diane says, "I had this aura and the next thing I knew the other coach was standing over me, saying, 'Diane, is everything okay?'" The gym went silent. "I was out of control," Diane says, woefully re-creating the moment. "I couldn't control myself, and I hurt for my children: They had to see their mom having a grand mal seizure right on the gym floor."
Dr. Spitz wanted to send Van Deren to surgery, but he could operate only if he could identify the source of her seizures. To do so, he brought her into the hospital, deprived her of meds, and then attached electrodes to her scalp to measure electrical activity. She proceeded to have three seizures over the next four days. A videotape of one, a grand mal, shows Diane biting her tongue and then gurgling audibly on the bloody saliva in her throat.
Dr. Spitz isolated Diane's problems to her right hippocampus. She'd be seizure-free, probably, if the damaged tissue there was excised. Spitz saw surgery as Van Deren's safest path. Without it, her seizures were likely to become more severe and more frequent, he explained, and she faced about a 10 percent chance of dying from a seizure over the next 10 years. The surgery, in contrast, delivered just a three percent chance of a stroke. "I was calling Spitz's office over and over, trying to get into surgery right away," says Diane. "I was in fear of dying of a seizure."
Scott was more measured. He insisted they seek a second opinion. Again, surgery was recommended. So in February 1997, in Denver, a neurological team operated on Diane's brain. Using a high-speed drill, the surgeon removed an outer section of bone from her skull. He cut deeper, into the brain's dura, or protective membrane, and then focused a microscope on the exposed temporal lobe. Using an aspirator, he excised part of the lobe along with the affected portion of the hippocampus.


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Meetings & Events
Beachfront location, verdant tropical gardens, stunning views of the Andaman Sea and flexible meeting space are just a few reasons to host your next event at the Sheraton Krabi Beach Resort. Be it a business meeting, theme party event or wedding ceremony, we have the experienced staff, creative ideas and equipment to ensure your function is a total success.
The Andaman Grande Room is the main function room, complemented with natural daylight and an extensive range of audiovisual technology. Each room can be divided into two equal-sized areas to accommodate multiple functions or break-out room requirements. The Koh Hong room is an ideal choice for smaller and more intimate meetings.
All meeting facilities feature the latest in technology including wireless (Wi-Fi) High Speed Internet Access, video teleconferencing services, technical assistance, and a hospitality desk to provide you with personalized support.
Our spacious marquees by the beach provide special alternative for a memorable large event, taking full advantage of the Resort's natural appeal and beautiful surroundings. The pool lawn area and the beachside gardens are also ideal for private functions benefiting from its breathtaking location.
With its beautiful setting, Sheraton Krabi Beach Resort is the perfect choice for a wedding venue. Be it a formal ballroom wedding or a private ceremony on the beach, our wedding coordinator will be on hand to facilitate your most memorable day.
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MOUNT VERNON -- Roger E. Chalfant, 67, of Mount Vernon, passed away April 12, 2011, at Knox Community Hospital.
AMITY -- Travis E. Eberhardt, 47, of Amity, passed away Thursday, Feb. 17, 2011, at his mother's home.
GRANVILLE -- Rebecca J. Grove, 88, a resident of Kendal at Granville and formerly of Mount Vernon, passed away Monday, April 11, 2011, at Licking Memorial Hospital.
MOUNT VERNON -- Andrew E. Lifer, 95, of Mount Vernon, formerly of Fredericktown, died Tuesday, April 12, 2011, at Autumn Health Care in Mount Vernon.
HOWARD -- Easta Faye (Sizemore) Winfrey, 70, of Howard, formerly of Parma, passed away Monday, April 11, 2011.
© Copyright 2013 Progressive Communications. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed, without the expressed permission of Progressive Communications. 740-397-5333 1-800-772-5333 Facebook YouTube Twitter Google Currents


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Mill Valley Planning Commission
Responsibilities The Planning Commission acts on zoning entitlements and ordinances implementing the Mill Valley General Plan. For Board & Commission vacancies click hereMeetings The Mill Valley Planning Commission meets on the second and fourth Monday of each month in the City Hall Council Chambers. Please check current agenda for precise starting time.
The City of Mill Valley is pleased to offer webcasting services for Planning Commission meetings. Please visit the Webcasting and Streaming Video Archive page to view live meetings or archived videos.Members
Name Term Begins Term Ends Heidi Richardson, Co-Chair 9/16/08 2/28/14 John McCauley, Co-Chair 3/17/08 2/28/14 Steve Geiszler 3/1/11 2/28/14 Chris Skelton 3/11/13 2/22/16 Ricardo Capretta 3/11/13 2/22/16


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Join ConceptArt.Org.
Its' free and it takes less than 1 minute!
Here's a more comic book inspired take on the "Space Pirate" Theme.
random idea of what a pirate might look like
Some ideas, hmmm trying to take on something orginal, wacky but realistic in a sense .... D :
still, i love everyone's work on this thread, really cool ideas and awesome productions, hope to see more!
OK firts time ever doing a thing like this. Just had to join when I saw all the cool concepts and designs. So here is my sketches. I think I like a more low-tech pirate. Worn and torn and gritty.
Please interpretate as much as you want (or can) ^^
Hello, I did this pitrate.
love ur stuff! do you have a deviant, sketchbook, portfolio, or anything?
Image is on other page o.o
Last edited by Johan Johansson; December 15th, 2012 at 05:15 PM.
i hope i've attached this right! this is my first time doing one of these...
Thanks for the opportunity-- Rockin the overalls
Thanks man!!!!
I just uploaded some photos to sketchbook forum, just look for my thread, I´m deih.: thread: http://conceptart.org/forums/showthr...-your-feedback
You can visit my webpage too.
thanks again !!!
thanks man!
I tried to post it 2 times allready. But it didn't work...so lets hope it does work this time....
What do i have to do for my image to appear...please would somebody answer...
hope this works, nd hope its still in time,
when I registered, it took a couple of days before the admins had my privileges installed, maybe this is the case with you as well
Did these heads for someone and I thought they looked a bit Space-Pirate-y and decided I would upload them for this too :3 Ignore the writing on the bottom
this is my concepts, i tried a more Hawaii laidback pirate theme hope you enjoy!
Last edited by MrLeafty; December 12th, 2012 at 06:53 AM.


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i2a Institute
Fostering a Community of Critical Thinking and Action
Monday, May 20 - Wednesday, May 22, 2013
Shelby Campus, Founders Union
New for 2013:
- A student panel and a faculty panel were designed to share perspectives and spark dialogue about i2a experiences.
- Dr. Scott Simkins, from North Carolina A&T State University at Greensboro, delivered a plenary session "Using Just-in-Time Teaching to Promote Critical (and Reflective) Thinking"
- A poster session featuring i2a projects by faculty and staff facilitated the exchange of best practices and emerging impact data and networking across departments and disciplines.
"My sincere thanks to you and the other i2a folks for putting on the institute. I enjoyed it, was engaged by it, and am glad that I attended. I am especially intrigued by the use of fundamental and powerful concepts; I plan to try them in one of my courses in which students experience the material as challenging and somewhat abstract."
Day 1: Monday, May 20
Back by popular demand for the fifth year in a row, Dr. Gerald Nosich led a lively day-long workshop on the fundamentals of teaching critical thinking. Table facilitators provided guidance and support during the group exercises and individual exploratory activities.
Day 2: Tuesday, May 21
Day 2 of the Institute kicked off with a student panel and an interactive forum, allowing undergraduate and graduate students to share their i2a-related insights and experiences and giving participants a chance to ask questions and launch a dialogue with students.
The morning also included a poster session to provide a venue for faculty and staff to share and discuss their i2a projects and results in an informal setting with Institute participants.
The afternoon offered a repeating set of 75-minute concurrent sessions led by faculty and staff and designed to engage participants in exploring new practices and strategies related to the teaching and assessment of critical thinking.
Day 3: Wednesday, May 22
Day 3 of the Institute began with a faculty panel and open forum, providing attendees with experience in using i2a concepts and tools to share their perspectives and lessons learned and giving Institute participants an opportunity to ask questions and deepen the dialogue.
This was followed by a second set of 75-minute, interactive concurrent sessions. The afternoon centered around a brand new plenary session by visiting scholar Dr. Scott Simkins.
The Institute concluded with reflective exercises to help attendees consolidate and apply their newly learned Institute ideas.
Who Should Attend?
- Full and part-time faculty and staff who are interested in infusing critical thinking innovations and related assessment strategies into their instruction
- Administrators and staff in higher education who want to learn more about infusing and assessing critical thinking into curricular, co-curricular, and student service projects and programs
- Other educators interested in learning more about the teaching and learning of critical thinking
Registration cost for non-UofL affiliates is:
$125 per day
$300 for all 3 days
Group rate for 3 days: $250 per person for groups of 4 or more from the same school/university
Registration and Other Information
- Registering for one, two or three days of the Institute is free for UofL faculty and staff.
- Beverages, light snacks, and a buffet lunch are included for participants as part of each day.
- Download the full 2013 i2a Institute Program


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Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas renewed his threat on Sunday to unilaterally seek UN recognition of a Palestinian state if Israel did not accept his conditions for resuming the peace process.
Abbas made the threat during a meeting in his office in Ramallah with an Israeli delegation headed by former minister and MK Yossi Beilin (Meretz).
Abbas told the delegation that the letter which he plans to send to Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu is aimed at breaking the stalemate in the peace process.
The Palestinians will wait for the Israeli reply before deciding on their next options, Abbas said.
He added that there would be no resumption of the peace talks unless Israel halted settlement activities in the West Bank and east Jerusalem, accepted the June 4, 1967 lines as the future borders of a Palestinian state and released Palestinian prisoners.
Abbas said that these demands would be included in his letter, which will be delivered to Netanyahu next week.
A PA delegation headed by Prime Minister Salam Fayyad is expected to meet Netanyahu either next Tuesday or Wednesday in Jerusalem to hand him the letter.
The Israeli delegation that met Abbas Sunday included former IDF Chief of Staff Amnon Lipkin Shahak and Meretz leader Zehava Gal- On, and expressed its annoyance with the current stalemate in the peace process, the PA's Wafa news agency reported.
The agency said that Beilin and the delegation urged Abbas to address the Israeli public directly to explain the Palestinian position regarding the peace process and voice the Palestinians' desire to achieve peace.
The Israeli government position on the diplomatic process has been consistent for months: an immediate start to negotiations without pre-conditions. Amos Gilad, head of the Defense Ministry's Diplomatic-Security bureau, reiterated the government's position that a peace agreement can only come through negotiations, not unilateral actions. In an Israel Radio interview Sunday he said that Israel's agreements with Egypt and Jordan, as well as its interim accords with the Palestinians, were only reached through negotiations.
"There is no alternative to negotiation, there is no other way," he said, adding that a Palestinian return to the UN would not produce any result.
Gilad also said there was no way of implementing an agreement without the PA regaining control of Gaza.
Hamas controls the Strip.
"Our position is to enter negotiations, because that is the only way to reach peace, but it does not mean we will give up security demands that are critical for us," he said.
A few days after Fayyad delivers the Palestinian letter to Israel, Israeli negotiator Yitzhak Molcho is expected to bring Israel's response to the Palestinians.
Israel's letter is expected to include the following points: Israel is prepared for peace talks with the Palestinians where all the core issues will be on the agenda; Israel places no pre-conditions whatsoever on entering the talks; an agreement reached must contain Palestinian recognition of Israel as the nation state of the Jewish people, and include effective security arrangements.
The Netanyahu-Fayyad meeting and the anticipated exchange of letters has breathed some life into a diplomatic process that has been stagnant since Israeli and Palestinian officials met last in Jordan on January 25.
The recent activity has overshadowed a scheduled meeting this Wednesday in Washington of the Quartet principals – US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and UN Secretary-General Ban Kimoon.


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Battle to fill in for Granderson
March, 1, 2013
By Jason A. Churchill | ESPN.com
With GM Brian Cashman ruling out the possibility of the club signing Johnny Damon to help fill the void left by Curtis Granderson's arm injury, it appears the New York Yankees will stay in house. A trade is always a possibility, but Granderson is only expected to miss about six weeks of the regular season.
To continue reading this article you must be an Insider


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Don't know if anyone heard, but the volleyball team will be playing in Hilton at 4:00pm Saturday against 19th ranked Missouri. Admission is FREE. It might be worth breaking away from tailgating for awhile to catch the action. I'm sure the team would love a big crowd.
Forum Rules


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Info: Your browser does not accept cookies. If you want to put products into your cart and purchase them you need to enable cookies. BrowseColleen Coover See also: Beasts! Book 1 [Softcover Edition]
Various Artists A classic mythological menagerie, comprised of creatures that were thought at one time to actually exist, depicted by about a hundred acclaimed artists and cartoonists. Now in softcover after 2 sold-out hardcover editions.
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$24.99 Small Favors Vol. 1
Colleen Coover Featuring comicdom's most treasured girl-lovin' girls, this 128-page softcover collects the first four issues of the surprise hit erotic comic of 2001, plus a bunch of bonus art and previously-unseen strips!
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$16.95 Small Favors Vol. 2 [Sold Out]
Colleen Coover Collecting issues #5-7 of the original series. Annie and Nibil meet a new friend named Sage, who becomes a part of their fun loving sex-antics. With rare sketchbook pages, pin-ups, and a brand new 4-page Annie and Nibbil story.
Product Details...
$14.95 The Comics Journal Special Edition 2005
Focus on manga and Vaughn Bodé, plus an essay on Milt Gross by Bill Blackbeard. The comix section's theme this volume is "Seduction," featuring Bill Griffith, Gilbert Hernandez, Jaime Hernandez, Peter Kuper, Arnold Roth, and many others.
Product Details...
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Historical Suite
Step back in time to the early 20th Century and enjoy the architectural splendor and luxurious décor of this suite. In the seating area there's wood flooring, replica furniture and floor to ceiling windows with crushed velvet drapes. Experience all the modern day comforts of home alongside antique European decorative detail, intricately carved furnishings, a king bed, desk, dresser, television, bench, full length mirror, closet, am/fm-mp3 docking station alarm clock, coffee maker, hair dryer, ironing board and iron.
Room features may vary.


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Flowers of all kinds and a simple water source like a bird bath makes your yard friendly to wildlife. (Google Image / June 2, 2012) |
Summer 2012 has been designated Garden for Wildlife and any yard can become a critter-friendly yard with a few simple steps.
"Anyone can garden for wildlife, no matter how big your space, or how expert a gardener you are," said David Mizejewski, NWF Naturalist and spokesperson for NWF's Certified Wildlife Habitat® program. "It just takes a commitment to include a few elements in your landscape plan that will make wildlife feel at home."
There are a number of common myths surrounding gardening for wildlife. Here are the real facts:
Myth #1: Providing water for wildlife creates a mosquito haven.
False. It takes a minimum of about a week for the metamorphosis from egg to winged adult to be completed, so emptying your bird bath or other water source every few days eliminates the chance of creating a mosquito nursery.
Myth #2: Dogs and gardening for wildlife don't mix.
False. Plan your garden by thinking like your dog! Arbors for vines protect plants and also direct your dog's path. Focus on attracting wildlife that your dog is unlikely to harm or be harmed by such as bird and butterflies Large, round rocks are awkward for dogs to walk on, so use them to block off delicate plants.
Myth #3: You can't garden if you have allergies.
False. Plants pollinated by the wind are the cause of most allergies. Fortunately for gardeners and wildlife lovers, plants pollinated by animals have not only brightly colored blooms but also large, heavy pollen that is less likely to be allergenic. Plant native wildflowers like asters, goldenrods and coneflowers that are pollinated by animals.
Myth #4: You need a yard to garden for wildlife.
False. Many species, like birds and butterflies, are easy to attract since they are so mobile. If you have a smaller space, just think in smaller scale. For example, instead of a bird bath, simply fill a small dish with water.
Trees for wildlife
Making your garden wildlife-friendly can be as simple as planting a tree. Trees provide food, shelter and places to raise young for wildlife. Learn the best trees for wildlife, get design tips for gardening with trees and how-to information on tree planting.
Create a butterfly garden
There's more to a butterfly garden than pretty flowers. True, many butterflies feed on flower nectar, so blooming plants are a must for a butterfly garden. But not all butterflies do. Find out surprising ways to feed butterflies, how they can benefit from a mud puddle and how to get them to have their babies in your garden.
Wildlife and vegetable gardens
Wild animals can be a bit pesky when they invade your vegetable garden looking for an easy meal. Find out tips on protecting your produce and the surprising ways that wildlife and bountiful crops go hand in hand.
Slimy and slithery garden wildlife
Bird and butterflies get all the love when it comes to wildlife gardening, but toads, snakes, bats and other "creepy crawlies" are just as important and need our help too.
Best native plants for the garden


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We've selected the best candid trip photos submitted by our users to help you decide if the Roman Gladiator School: Learn How to Become a Gladiator is right for you. Make the most of your next trip to Rome with Viator's exclusive Photo Galleries.
Click here for tour details, schedule and pricing
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Training at Gladiator School
March 2013
There were three different training sessions, focusing on different skills. Our oldest daughter loved working on precision strikes.
Gladiator Pomp
March 2013
The hands-on museum tour at the beginning of the tour was brilliant. Everyone tried on various pieces of armor and felt authentic.
March 2013
Fresh recruits arrive at Gladiator School. Take a taxi to get there. The area isn't one where one expects to find tourists.
August 2012
The penalty for not following instructions in gladiator school. Olfred? the instructor was great we were lucky to have him. My son loved this and learned a lot.
August 2012
The instructor Olfred? had a real passion for the history and the techniques for using the weapons.


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The Boqueria market was opened in 1840 after four years of work on the land occupied until then by the Convent of Sant Josep. Its history goes back much further than that however, as it was in this exact space on the Ramblas that peddlers sold meat in the 13th century.
Over time, the market was transformed into a modern market. Gas lighting was incorporated, and in 1914 the metal roof was completed which, as well as protecting the food, the sellers and the buyers, also gave the market character.
The Boqueria market is a true living, historical and architectural space of unquestionable value. Over the years it has become a must-visit for shoppers and tourists alike, because of the structure of the market itself and the wide variety of products it offers.
Address: La Rambla, 89 bis
Buses: 14, 59, 91
Metro: Liceu (L3)
Website: www.boqueria.info


text: Drake Heavy Load Game Tote 12 indestructible lines (6 on each end) with enough room for 2 large mallards on each line. This model has the "No Hands" feature which you connect around your waist to insure the tote stays in place. Very handy when carrying other gear. 5mm neoprene construction makes this tote very comfortable, even when loaded.


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An adult 21 years or over must be present to sign for delivery of alcoholic beverages. Order tracking numbers will be emailed to you upon shipment, so you'll know when to expect delivery. We offer the following options for your convenience:
Ground: Delivery generally between 1 and 7 business days once the package leaves our warehouse.
3 Day: Delivery to businesses by 4:30 pm and to residences by 7:00 pm in 3 business days once the package leaves our warehouse.
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"An amazing achievement in a difficult vintage, the 2002 Calvario, from a southeast-facing, hillside vineyard planted in 1945, is a blend of 90% old vine Tempranillo, 8% Grenache, and 2% Graciano. A big, sweet nose of espresso roast, white chocolate, black cherry liqueur, and cassis jumps from the glass of this smoky, rich, full-bodied effort. With wonderful freshness, nuances, purity, depth, intensity, and definition, it is a beautifully textured wine that should drink well for 10-12 years."-Wine Advocate
Records from 1672 prove that the De Gregorio family has been involved in viticulture and winemaking for several centuries. In fact, Nicholas De Gregorio was for almost 40 years the vineyard manager for the oldest winery in Rioja, Marques de Murrieta. He is a zealous defender of the traditional Rioja grape varieties such as Graciano and Malvasia. Miguel Angel De Gregorio graduated...Read More About Finca Allende
(ree-OH-hah) This highly regarded area of Spain makes some of the best Tempranillo-based wines in the world. Once the only DOCa (recently joined by Priorat in 2001), Rioja is divided into 3 sub-regions: Rioja Baja, Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa. There are 4 red varieties and 3 white varieties allowed in the Rioja DOC. Tempranillo definitely takes center stage, followed by Garnacha...Read More About Rioja
Tempranillo(temp-ruh-NEE-oh) Grape that Reigns in Spain Most often associated with Spain, Tempranillo is the backbone of wines made in the well-known Spanish regions Rioja and Ribera del Duero. On the scale of light to heavy, Tempranillo lands towards the light side. It tends to be higher in acid and lower in alcohol - common for Old World ...Read More About Tempranillo
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Nashville, Tenn. (June 5, 2012) – Nashville Predators President of Hockey Operations/General Manager David Poile announced today that the club has signed 2010 draft pick Patrick Cehlin (PAT-rihk SAY-lihn) to a three-year entry-level contract. Cehlin is expected to play his first season in North America in 2012-13.
Cehlin, 20 (7/27/91), ranked fourth on Djurgarden in both goals (10) and plus/minus rating (+1) during his third season in the Swedish Elite League (Elitserien) in 2011-12. In 2011-12, the 5-11, 170-pound right wing tied for fifth among Elitserien junior players in points (16) and assists (12), and during his rookie season on the senior circuit (2009-10), the Huddinge, Sweden native helped Djurgarden reach the League finals and earn a silver medal.
Nashville's third choice, 126th overall (fifth round), in 2010 Entry Draft also has represented his homeland in a pair of international competitions in the last four years: he was named one of Sweden's three best players of the 2011 World Junior Championships while tying for team lead in points (4g-2a-6pts) and tying for fifth in the tournament in goals (4), and tied for first at the 2009 U-18 World Championships in penalty minutes (37) while posting four points (2g-2a) in six games.
PRESS RELEASE: Preds ink Cehlin in the nick of time
After long wait for return, Predators ready to say goodbye to Alexander Radulov
PRESS RELEASE: Predators sign Patrick Cehlin (2010 5th Round Pick) to 3 Year ELC
PRESS RELEASE: Preds sign 2010 Draft Pick
Nashville Not Interested In Re-Signing Radulov
Nashville Predators Offseason Grades – Defense
Paul McCann: A-Rad Experiment Ends - Random Notes and SlapShot Radio
Radulov and Predators cut ties
Predators NOW! Podcast: Radulov and Predators Done
Jan Levine: Views on Radulov, Schultz and Torts on Costas
Today is the last day to vote for Pekka in the NHL 13 cover vote
Radulov not the right fit with Predators
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Sigi Pineda NECKLACE Olmec-style Jade FIGURINE browse these categories for related items... Directory: Archives: Estate Jewelry: Contemporary: item # 689416 Please refer to our stock # MT02121 when inquiring.
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This is the third and last necklace made by Maestro Sigi for our exclusive PIEDRA VERDE collection. This necklace is a fine work of art and design. The jadeite figurine has a small imperfection on one of the legs. However, this does not detract from the uniqueness and beauty of the necklace. Sterling silver. COLLECTOR QUALITY |
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Results 1 to 5 of 5
- 12-11-2012, 02:42 PM Thread Author #1
Any way to tether internet from my 9300 to android tablet?
Hello, I would like to use my BlackBerry internet on my Samsung android tablet when I im out of a wifi area. I dont mind how, just wondered if there was a way to do so.
Im aware the 9300 does not support the WiFi hotspot function as its on a lower OS. - 12-11-2012, 03:36 PM #2
IT could be possible but you would need a win7 laptop as well. Provided you have this you would then need a app tether and one called connectify.
I waited...It launched...Im still waiting... - 12-11-2012, 03:47 PM Thread Author #3
- 12-11-2012, 04:20 PM #4If Eve had given Adam a Blackberry, the world would be paradise. Instead, she gave him an Apple. Look at us now.
No direct connection possible between non-OS7 devices and tablets other than the PB.
Sent from my jail cell using a corrupt prison warden
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