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Dialog Boxes
Is this the right user interface?
Design concepts
Usage patterns
Modal dialog boxes
Modeless dialog boxes
Multiple dialog boxes
Multi-page dialog boxes
Title bars
Progress dialogs
Icons and graphics
Commit buttons
Command links
Don't show this <item> again
Ask me later
Disabling or removing controls vs. giving error messages
Required input
Error handling
Default values
Recommended sizing and spacing
A dialog box is a secondary window that allows users to perform a command, asks users a question, or provides users with information or progress feedback.
Dialog boxes consist of a title bar (to identify the command, feature, or program where a dialog box came from), an optional main instruction (to explain the user's objective with the dialog box), various controls in the content area (to present options), and commit buttons (to indicate how the user wants to commit to the task).
Dialog boxes have two fundamental types:
- Modal dialog boxes require users to complete and close before continuing with the owner window. These dialog boxes are best used for critical or infrequent, one-off tasks that require completion before continuing.
- Modeless dialog boxes allow users to switch between the dialog box and the owner window as desired. These dialog boxes are best used for frequent, repetitive, on-going tasks.
A task dialog is a dialog box implemented using the task dialog application programming interface (API). They consist of the following parts, which can be assembled in a variety of combinations:
- A title bar to identify the application or system feature where the dialog box came from.
- A main instruction, with an optional icon, to identify the user's objective with the dialog.
- A content area for descriptive information and controls.
- A command area for commit buttons, including a Cancel button, and optional More options and Don't show this <item> again controls.
- A footnote area for optional additional explanations and help, typically targeted at less experienced users.
Task dialogs are recommended whenever appropriate because they are easy to create and they achieve a consistent look. Task dialogs do require Windows Vista® or later, so they aren't suitable for earlier versions of Microsoft® Windows®.
A task pane is like a dialog box, except that it is presented within a window pane instead of a separate window. As a result, task panes have a more direct, contextual feel than dialog boxes. Even though technically they are not the same, task panes are so similar to dialog boxes that their guidelines are presented in this article.
Property windows are a specialized type of dialog box used to view and change properties for an object, collection of objects, or a program. Additionally, property windows typically support several tasks, whereas dialog boxes typically support a single task or step in a task. Because their usage is specialized, property windows are covered in a different set of guidelines.
Dialog boxes can have tabs, and if so they are called tabbed dialog boxes. Property windows are determined by their presentation of properties, not by the use of tabs.
Note: Guidelines related to layout, window management, common dialog boxes, property windows, wizards, confirmations, error messages, and warning messages are presented in separate articles.
Is this the right user interface?
To decide, consider these questions:
- Is the purpose to provide users with information, ask users a question, or allow users to select options to perform a command or task? If not, use another user interface (UI).
- Is the purpose to view and change properties for an object, collection of objects, or a program? If so, use a property window or toolbar instead.
- Is the purpose to present a collection of commands or tools? If so, use a toolbar or palette window.
- Is the purpose to verify that the user wants to proceed with an action? Is there a clear reason not to proceed and a reasonable chance that sometimes users won't? If so, use a confirmation.
- Is the purpose to give an error or warning message? If so, use an error message or warning message.
- Is the purpose to:
- Open files
- Save files
- Open folders
- Find or replace text
- Print a document
- Select attributes of a printed page
- Select a font
- Choose a color
- Browse for a file, folder, computer, or printer
- Search for users, computers, or groups in Microsoft Active Directory®
- Prompt for a user name and password?
- Is the purpose to perform a multi-step task that requires more than a single window? If so, use a task flow or wizard instead.
- Is the purpose to inform users of a system or program event that isn't related to the current user activity, that doesn't require immediate user action, and users can freely ignore? If so, use a notification instead.
- Is the purpose to show program status? If so, use a status bar instead.
- Would it be preferable to use in-place UI? Dialog boxes can break the user's flow by demanding attention. Sometimes that break in flow is justified, such as when the user must perform an action that is outside the current context. In other cases, a better approach is to present the UI in context, either directly with in-place UI (such as a task pane), or on demand using progressive disclosure.
- Is the purpose to display a non-critical user input problem or special condition? If so, use a balloon instead.
- For task flows, would it be preferable to use another page? Generally you want a task to flow from page to page within a single window. Use dialog boxes to confirm in-place commands, to get input for in-place commands, and to perform secondary, stand-alone tasks that are best done independently and outside the main task flow.
- For selecting options, are users likely to change the options? If not, consider alternatives, such as:
- Using the default options without asking, but allowing users to make changes later.
- Providing a version with options (for example, Print... in a menu) as well as a version without options (for example, Print in the toolbar). Generally, toolbar commands should be immediate and avoid displaying dialog boxes.
- For selecting options, is there a simpler, more direct way to present the options? If so, consider alternatives, such as:
- Using a split button to select variations of a command.
- Using a submenu for commands, check boxes, radio buttons and simple lists.
Design concepts
When properly used, dialog boxes are a great way to give power and flexibility to your program. When misused, dialog boxes are an easy way to annoy users, interrupt their flow, and make the program feel indirect and tedious to use. Modal dialog boxes demand users' attention. Dialog boxes are often easier to implement than alternative UIs, so they tend to be overused.
A dialog box is most effective when its design characteristics match its usage. A dialog box's design is largely determined by its purpose (to offer options, ask questions, provide information or feedback), type (modal or modeless), and user interaction (required, optional response, or acknowledgement), whereas its usage is largely determined by its context (user or program initiated), probability of user action, and frequency of display.
To design effective dialog boxes, use the following elements effectively:
If you do only one thing...
Make sure that your dialog box design (determined by its purpose, type, and user interaction) matches its usage (determined by its context, probability of user action, and frequency of display).
For more information and examples, see Dialog Box Design Concepts.
Usage patterns
Dialog boxes have several usage patterns:
- Question dialogs (using buttons) ask users a single question or to confirm a command, and use simple responses in horizontally arranged command buttons.
- Question dialogs (using command links) ask users a single question or to select a task to perform, and use detailed responses in vertically arranged command links.
- Choice dialogs present users with a set of choices, usually to specify a command more completely. Unlike question dialogs, choice dialogs can ask multiple questions.
- Progress dialogs present users with progress feedback during a lengthy operation (longer than five seconds), along with a command to cancel or stop the operation.
- Informational dialogs display information requested by the user.
For more information and examples, see Dialog Boxes Usage Patterns.
- Don't use scrollable dialog boxes. Don't use dialog boxes that require the use of a scroll bar to be viewed completely during normal usage. Redesign the dialog box instead. Consider using progressive disclosure or tabs.
- Don't have a menu bar or status bar. Instead, provide access to commands and status directly on the dialog box itself, or by using context menus on the relevant controls.
- Exception: Menu bars are acceptable when a dialog box is used to implement a primary window (such as a utility).
- If a dialog box requires immediate attention and the program isn't active, flash its taskbar button three times to draw attention, and leave it highlighted.
Don't do anything else: don't restore or activate the window and don't play any sound effects. Instead, respect the user's window state selection and let the user activate the window when ready.
For more guidelines and examples, see Taskbar.
Modal dialog boxes
- Use for critical or infrequent, one-off tasks that require completion before continuing.
- Use a delayed commit model so that changes don't take effect until explicitly committed.
- Implement using a task dialog whenever appropriate to achieve a consistent look. Task dialogs do require Windows Vista or later, so they aren't suitable for earlier versions of Windows.
Modeless dialog boxes
- Use for frequent, repetitive, on-going tasks.
- Use an immediate commit model so that changes take effect immediately.
- For modeless dialogs, use an explicit Close command button in the dialog to close the window. For both, use a Close button on the title bar to close the window.
- Consider making modeless dialog boxes dockable. Dockable modeless dialogs allow for more flexible placement.
Multiple dialog boxes
- Don't display more than one owned choice dialog at a time from an owner choice dialog. Displaying more than one makes the meaning of the commit buttons difficult for users to understand. You may display other types of dialog boxes (such question dialogs) as needed.
- For a sequence of related dialogs, consider using a multi-page dialog if possible. Use individual dialogs if they aren't clearly related.
Multi-page dialog boxes
- Use a multi-page dialog box instead of individual dialog boxes when you have the following sequence of related pages:
- A single input page (optional)
- A progress page
- A single results page
- Don't use a multi-page dialog if the input page is a standard dialog. In this case the consistency of using a standard dialog is more important.
- Don't use Next or Back buttons and don't have more than three pages. Multi-page dialog boxes are for single-step tasks with feedback. They aren't wizards, which are used for multi-step tasks. Wizards have a heavy, indirect feel compared to multi-page dialog boxes.
- On the input page, use specific command buttons or command links to initiate the task.
- Use a Cancel button on the input and progress pages, and a Close button on the results page.
Developers: You can create multi-page task dialogs using the TDM_NAVIGATE_PAGE message.
To make dialog boxes easy to find and access, clearly associate the dialog with its source, and work well with multiple monitors:
- Initially display dialogs "centered" on top of the owner window. For subsequent display, consider displaying it in its last location (relative to the owner window) if doing so is likely to be more convenient.
- If a dialog is contextual, display it near the object from which it was launched. However, place it out of the way (preferably offset down and to the right) so that the object isn't covered by the dialog.
- For modeless dialogs, display initially on top of the owner window to make it easy to find. If the user activates the owner window, that may obscure the modeless dialog.
- If necessary, adjust the initial location so that the entire dialog is visible within the target monitor. If a resizable window is larger than the target monitor, reduce it to fit.
- When a dialog is redisplayed, consider displaying it in the same state as last accessed. On close, save the monitor used, window size, location, and state (maximized vs. restore). On redisplay, restore the saved dialog size, location, and state using the appropriate monitor. Also, consider making these attributes persist across program instances on a per-user basis.
- For resizable windows, set a minimum window size if there is a size below which the content is no longer usable. Consider altering the presentation to make the content usable at smaller sizes.
- Don't use the Always on Top attribute.
- Exception: Use only when a dialog box implements an essentially modal operation, but it needs to be suspended briefly to access the owner window. For example, when spell-checking a document, users may occasionally leave the spell check dialog box and access the document to correct errors.
For more information and examples, see Window Management.
Title bars
- Dialog boxes don't have title bar icons. Title bar icons are used as a visual distinction between primary windows and secondary windows.
- Exception: If a dialog box is used to implement a primary window (such as a utility) and therefore appears on the taskbar, it does have a title bar icon. In this case, optimize the title for display on the taskbar by concisely placing the distinguishing information first.
- Dialog boxes always have a Close button. Modeless dialogs can also have a Minimize button. Resizable dialogs can have a Maximize button.
- Don't disable the Close button. Having a Close button helps users stay in control by allowing them to close windows they don't want.
- Exception: For progress dialogs, you may disable the Close button if the task must run to completion to achieve a valid state or prevent data loss.
- The Close button on the title bar should have the same effect as the Cancel or Close button within the dialog box. Never give it the same effect as OK.
- If the title bar caption and icon are already displayed in a prominent way near the top of the window, you can hide the title bar caption and icon to avoid redundancy. However, you still have to set a suitable title internally for use by Windows.
- When displayed, user initiated dialog boxes should always take input focus. Program initiated dialog boxes shouldn't take input focus because the user may be interacting with another window. Such interaction misdirected at the dialog box may have unintended consequences.
- Assign initial input focus to the control that users are most likely to interact with first, which is usually (but not always) the first interactive control. Avoid assigning initial input focus to a Help link.
- For keyboard navigation, tab order should flow in a logical order, generally from left to right, top to bottom. Usually tab order follows reading order, but consider making these exceptions:
- Put the most commonly used controls earlier in tab order.
- Put Help links at the bottom of a dialog box, after the commit buttons in tab order.
- Pressing the Esc key always closes an active dialog box. This is true for dialog boxes with Cancel or Close, and even if Cancel has been renamed to Close because the results can no longer be undone.
Access keys
- Whenever possible, assign unique access keys to all interactive controls or their labels. Read-only text boxes are interactive controls (because users can scroll them and copy text) so they benefit from access keys. Don't assign access keys to:
- OK, Cancel, and Close buttons. Enter and Esc are used for their access keys. However, always assign an access key to a control that means OK or Cancel, but has a different label.
- Group labels. Normally, the individual controls within a group are assigned access keys, so the group label doesn't need one. However, if there is a shortage of access keys, assign an access key to the group label and not the individual controls.
- Generic Help buttons, which are accessed with F1.
- Link labels. There are often too many links to assign unique access keys, and the underscores often used to signify links hide the access key underscores. Access links with the Tab key instead.
- Tab names. Tabs are cycled using Ctrl+Tab and Ctrl+Shift+Tab.
- Browse buttons labeled "...". These Browse buttons can't be assigned access keys uniquely.
- Unlabeled controls, such as spin controls, graphic command buttons, and unlabeled progressive disclosure controls.
- Non-label static text or labels for controls that aren't interactive, such as progress bars.
- Whenever possible, assign access keys for commonly used commands according to the Standard Access Key Assignments. While consistent access key assignments aren't always possible, they are certainly preferred—especially for frequently used dialog boxes.
- Assign commit button access keys first to ensure that they have the standard key assignments. If there isn't a standard key assignment, use the first letter of the first word. For example, the access key for Yes and No commit buttons should always be "Y" and "N", regardless of the other controls in the dialog box.
- To make access keys easy to find, assign the access keys to a character that appears early in the label, ideally the first character, even if there is a keyword that appears later in the label.
- Prefer characters with wide widths, such as w, m, and capital letters.
- Prefer a distinctive consonant or a vowel, such as "x" in Exit.
- Avoid using characters that make the underline difficult to see, such as (from most problematic to least problematic):
- Letters that are only one pixel wide, such as i and l.
- Letters with descenders, such as g, j, p, q, and y.
- Letters next to a letter with a descender.
For more guidelines and examples, see Keyboard.
Progress dialogs
For long-running tasks, assume that users will do something else while the task is completing. Design the task to run unattended.
- Present users with progress feedback dialog box if an operation takes longer than five seconds to complete, along with a command to cancel or stop the operation.
- Exception: For wizards and task flows, use a modal dialog for progress only if the task stays on the same page (as opposed to advancing to another page) and users can't do anything while waiting. Otherwise, use a progress page or in-place progress.
- If the operation is a long-running task (over 30 seconds) and can be performed in the background, use a modeless progress dialog so that users can continue to use your program while waiting.
- Modeless progress dialogs:
- Have a Minimize button on the title bar.
- Are displayed on the taskbar.
- Implement modeless progress dialogs so that they continue to run even if the owner window is closed.
- Provide a command button to halt the operation if it takes more than a few seconds to complete, or has the potential never to complete. Label the button Cancel if canceling returns the environment to its previous state (leaving no side effects); otherwise, label the button Stop to indicate that it leaves the partially completed operation intact. You can change the button label from Cancel to Stop in the middle of the operation, if at some point it isn't possible to return the environment to its previous state.
- Provide a command button to pause the operation if it takes more than several minutes to complete, and it impairs users' ability to get work done. Doing so doesn't force the user to choose between completing the task and getting their work done.
- Gather as much information as you can before starting the task.
- If recoverable problems are detected, have users deal with all problems found at the end of the task. If that isn't practical, have users deal with problems as they happen.
- Don't abandon tasks as the result of recoverable errors.
- Indicate problems by turning the progress bar red.
- If the results are clearly apparent to users, close the progress dialog automatically on successful completion. Otherwise, use feedback only to report problems:
- To display simple feedback, display the feedback in the progress dialog, and change the Cancel button to Close.
- To display detailed feedback, close the progress dialog box and display an informational dialog.
Time remaining
- Use the following time formats. Start with the first of the following formats where the largest time unit isn't zero, then change to the next format once the largest time unit becomes zero.
For progress bars:
If related information is shown in a colon format:
Time remaining: h hours, m minutes
Time remaining: m minutes, s seconds
Time remaining: s secondsIf screen space is at a premium:
h hrs, m mins remaining
m mins, s secs remaining
s seconds remainingOtherwise:
h hours, m minutes remaining
m minutes, s seconds remaining
s seconds remainingFor title bars:
hh:mm remaining
mm:ss remaining
0:ss remainingThis compact format shows the most important information first so that it isn't truncated on the taskbar.
- Make estimates accurate, but don't give false precision. If largest unit is hours, give minutes (if meaningful) but not seconds.
hh hours, mm minutes, ss seconds - Keep the estimate up-to-date. Update time remaining estimates at least every 5 seconds.
- Focus on the time remaining because that is the information users care about most. Give total elapsed time only when there are scenarios where elapsed time is helpful (such as when the task is likely to be repeated). If the time remaining estimate is associated with a progress bar, don't have percent complete text because that information is conveyed by the progress bar itself.
- Be grammatically correct. Use singular units when the number is one.
1 minutes, 1 seconds - Use sentence-style capitalization.
For more information and examples, see Progress Bars.
Icons and graphics
- Don't use large graphics that serve no purpose beyond filling space with eye candy. Keep the appearance simple instead.
Title bar icons
- Dialog boxes don't have title bar icons.
- Exception: If a dialog box is used to implement a primary window (such as a utility) and therefore appears on the taskbar, it does have a title bar icon.
Body icons
- Choose the body icon based on the design pattern:
Pattern Body icon Question dialogs Program, feature, object, warning icon (if potential loss of data or system access), security warning, or none. Choice dialogs None. Progress dialogs None (but may have an animation). Informational dialogs None. Incorrect:
- Consider using icons to help users visually recognize your program's features. This technique is most effective when the icons are easily recognizable and used in several locations within your program.
- Use icons to help users recognize the object in question.
- Consider using icons to help make features self-explanatory.
- Use an icon in About Box dialogs for application branding.
Footnote icons
- If you have a footnote, consider using a footnote icon to summarize the footnote's subject.
- Don't use a footnote icon that repeats the body icon.
- Don't use the error or information standard icons. Error conditions must be conveyed through the body icon and footnotes are always for information, making the information icon redundant. However, you can use the standard warning icon and the yellow security shield to alert users of risky consequences.
For more information and examples, see Icons.
Commit buttons
- These guidelines don't apply to question dialogs using command links, because that pattern uses command links instead of buttons.
- [Do it] and [Don't do it] are affirmative and negative responses, respectively, to the main instruction.
- Choose the commit buttons based on the design pattern:
Pattern Commit buttons Question dialogs (using buttons) One of the following sets of concise commands: Yes/No, Yes/No/Cancel, [Do it]/Cancel, [Do it]/[Don't do it], [Do it]/[Don't do it]/Cancel. Question dialogs (using links) Cancel. Choice dialogs - Modal dialogs: OK/Cancel or [Do it]/Cancel
- Modeless dialogs: Close button on dialog box and title bar
- Task pane: Close button on title bar
Progress dialogs Use Cancel if returns the environment to its previous state (leaving no side effect); otherwise, use Stop. Informational dialogs Close. - All commit buttons except Apply result in closing the dialog box window.
- Don't confirm commit buttons. Doing so unnecessarily can be very annoying. Exceptions:
- The action is potentially catastrophic.
- The action is clearly inconsistent with other actions.
- If incorrect, the action may result in a significant loss of data, time, or effort on behalf of the user.
- Don't disable commit buttons. Exceptions:
- If users must elevate to make a change, disable the positive commit buttons until the user makes a change. Doing so prevents users from elevating just to close a window by forcing them to click Cancel.
- For more exceptions, see Disabling or removing controls vs. giving error messages.
- Right-align commit buttons in a single row across the bottom of the dialog box, but above the footnote area. Do this even if there is a single commit button (such as OK).
- Present the commit buttons in the following order:
- OK/[Do it]/Yes
- [Don't do it]/No
- Cancel
- Apply (if present)
- Help (if present)
- If you have many related commit buttons, consolidate them using split buttons.
- Have a clear separation from commit buttons (which close the window) and all other command buttons (such as Advanced).
Responding to main instructions
- Use positive commit buttons that are specific responses to the main instruction, instead of generic labels such as OK or Yes/No. Users should be able to understand the options by reading the button text alone.
- Use Close for dialogs that don't have settings, such as informational dialogs. Never use Close for dialogs that have settings.
- Use OK when the "specific" responses are still generic, such as Save, Select, or Choose. Use OK when changing a specific setting or a collection of settings.
- For legacy dialog boxes without a main instruction, you can use generic labels such as OK. Often such dialog boxes aren't designed to perform a specific task, preventing more specific responses.
- Certain tasks require more thought and careful reading for users to make informed decisions.
This is usually the case with confirmations. In such cases, you can purposely use generic commit button labels to force users to read the main instructions and prevent hasty decisions.
- Alternatively, you can add the word "anyway" to the positive commit button label to indicate that the dialog box presents a reason not to proceed and that users should read the dialog carefully before proceeding.
- Use Cancel or Close for negative commit buttons instead of specific responses to the main instruction. Quite often users realize that they don't want to perform a task once they see a dialog box. If Cancel or Close were relabeled to specific responses, users would have to carefully read all the commit buttons to determine how to cancel. Labeling Cancel and Close consistently makes them easy to find.
- Don't use Yes/Cancel. Always use Yes/No as a pair.
- Use a specific response when Cancel is ambiguous. For more information, see Commit buttons for indirect dialog boxes.
- Don't map generic labels to their specific meaning with text in the content area. Instead, use specific commit button labels, or a question dialog using links if the labels are lengthy.
Yes and No buttons
- Prefer specific responses to Yes and No buttons. While there's nothing wrong with using Yes and No, specific responses can be understood more quickly, resulting in efficient decision making. However, confirmations usually have Yes and No buttons to make users give the confirmation some thought before responding.
- Use Yes and No buttons only to respond to yes or no questions. The main instruction should be naturally expressed as a yes or no question. Never use OK and Cancel for yes or no questions.
- Consider phrasing the main instruction as a yes or no question if commit buttons with specific phrasing turn out to be long or awkward. Alternatively, you can use command links for longer responses (five words or more) to the main instruction.
- Don't use Yes and No buttons if the meaning of the No response is unclear. If so, use specific responses instead.
OK buttons
- In modal dialogs, clicking OK means apply the values, perform the task, and close the window.
- Don't use OK buttons to respond to questions.
- Don't assign access keys to OK, because Enter is the access key for the default button. Doing so makes the other access keys easier to assign.
- Label OK buttons correctly. The OK button should be labeled OK, not Ok or Okay.
- Don't use OK buttons for errors or warnings. Problems are never OK. Use Close instead.
- Don't use OK buttons in modeless dialog boxes. Rather, modeless dialogs should use task-specific commit buttons (for example, Find). However, some modeless dialog boxes require only a Close button.
Cancel buttons
- Clicking Cancel means abandon all changes, cancel the task, close the window, and return the environment to its previous state, leaving no side effect. For nested choice dialog boxes, clicking Cancel in the owner choice dialog means any changes made by owned choice dialogs are also abandoned.
- Provide a Cancel button to let users explicitly abandon changes. Dialog boxes need a clear exit point. Don't depend on users finding the Close button on the title bar.
- Exception: Don't provide a Cancel button for dialog boxes without settings. The OK and Close buttons have the same effect as Cancel in this case.
- Don't use Cancel buttons to respond to questions.
- Don't assign access keys to Cancel, because Esc is the access key. Doing so makes the other access keys easier to assign.
- Don't use Cancel buttons in modeless dialog boxes. Rather, use Close instead.
- Don't disable the Cancel button. Users should always be able to cancel dialog boxes.
- Exception: You may disable the Cancel button in a progress dialog if there is a period during which the operation can't be cancelled. However, a better solution is to design such operations to always be cancelable.
Close buttons
- Use Close buttons for modeless dialog boxes, as well as modal dialogs that cannot be cancelled.
- Clicking Close means close the dialog box window, leaving any existing side effects. Don't use Done, because it isn't an imperative construction. For nested choice dialog boxes, clicking Close in the owner choice dialog means any changes made by owned choice dialogs are preserved.
- Put an explicit Close button in the dialog box body. Dialog boxes need a clear exit point. Don't depend on users finding the Close button on the title bar.
- Make sure the Close button on the title bar has the same effect as Cancel or Close.
- Don't assign access keys to Close, because Esc is its the access key. Doing so makes the other access keys easier to assign.
Apply buttons
- Don't use Apply buttons in dialog boxes that aren't property sheets or control panels. The Apply button means apply the pending changes, but leave the window open. Doing so allows users to evaluate the changes before closing the window. However, only property sheet and control panels have this need.
Commit buttons for indirect dialog boxes
Note: Indirect dialog boxes are displayed out of context, either as an indirect result of a task or the result of a problem with a system or background process. For indirect dialogs, the Cancel button is ambiguous because it could mean cancel the dialog or cancel the entire task.
- If users need to both cancel the dialog box and the task, give commit buttons to do both. Label the button that cancels the dialog box with a negative response to the main instruction. Label the button that cancels the entire task with Cancel. Using Cancel allows the dialog box to be used in many contexts.
- If users just need to cancel the dialog but not the task, use a button with a specific, negative response to the main instruction, and don't have a Cancel button.
For more information and examples, see Command Buttons.
Command links
- Present a set of lengthy commands using command links, instead of command buttons or a combination of radio buttons and an OK button. Doing so allows users to respond with a single click. However, this approach works only for a single question.
- Present the most commonly used command links first. The resulting order should roughly follow the likelihood of use, but also have a logical flow.
- Exception: Command links that result in doing everything should be placed first.
- If a command link requires further explanation, provide a supplemental explanation. Supplemental explanations describe why users might want to choose the command, or what happens if the command is chosen.
- Don't use supplemental explanations that are wordy restatements of the command link. Use a supplemental explanation only when you can't make a command link self-explanatory. Providing a supplemental explanation for one command link doesn't mean that you have to provide them for all commands.
- Use phrases that start with a verb, without ending punctuation.
- If a command is strongly recommended, consider adding "(recommended)" to the label. Be sure to add to the link label, not the supplemental explanation.
- If a command is intended only for advanced users, consider adding "(advanced)" to the label. Be sure to add to the link label, not the supplemental explanation.
- Always provide an explicit Cancel button. Don't use a command link for this purpose.
For more information and examples, see Command Links.
Don't show this <item> again
- Consider using a Don't show this <item> again option to allow users to suppress a recurring dialog box, only if there isn't a better alternative. It is better always to show the dialog if users really need it, or simply eliminate it if they don't.
- Use this specific phrasing—replace <item> with the specific item. For example, Don't show this reminder again. When referring to a dialog box in general, use Don't show this message again.
- Clearly indicate when user input will be used for future default values by adding the following sentence under the option: Your selections will be used by default in the future.
- Don't select the option by default. If the dialog box really should be displayed only once, do so without asking. Don't use this option as an excuse to annoy users—make sure the default behavior isn't annoying.
- Make the setting persist on a per-user basis.
- If users select the option and click Cancel, this option does take effect. This setting is a meta-option, so it doesn't follow the standard Cancel behavior of leaving no side effect. Note that if users don't want to see the dialog in the future, most likely they want to cancel it as well.
- If users may need to restore these dialog boxes, provide a Restore messages command in the program's Options dialog box.
For more information, see Using the Don't show this <item> again option in Design concepts.
Ask me later
- Provide this option to dismiss a dialog box only when:
- The dialog box is indirect, so users are likely to be focused on another task.
- Users must respond but not immediately, so they can continue with their work.
- The question requires sufficient thought or effort such that users might make better decisions if given more time.
- The dialog box or option will be presented automatically later (so that users really are asked later).
- Otherwise, expect users to respond now, but allow them to close the dialog box normally with either Cancel or Close. When used properly, this option should be rare.
- Use More/Fewer progressive disclosure buttons to show or hide advanced or rarely used options, commands, or details that target users typically don't need. Doing so simplifies the dialog box for typical usage. Don't hide commonly used options, commands, or information because users might not find them.
- Don't use More/Fewer controls unless there really is more detail to show. Don't just restate the same information in a different format.
- Don't use More/Fewer controls to show Help. Use Help links or footnotes instead.
- With task dialogs, avoid combining More/Fewer controls with Don't show this <item> again. This combination has an awkward appearance.
- For labeling guidelines, see Progressive Disclosure.
- Use footnotes for information that's not essential to a dialog box's purpose, but that users may find helpful in making decisions. Most users should be able to skip footnotes and still make informed decisions in their response to the dialog box.
Disabling or removing controls vs. giving error messages
- When a control doesn't apply in the current context, consider the following options:
- Remove the control when there is no way for users to enable it, or users don't expect it to apply and its state doesn't change frequently. Doing so simplifies the dialog box, and users won't miss it. Having a control appear and disappear frequently is annoying.
- Disable the control when users expect it to apply or its state changes frequently, and users can easily deduce why the control is disabled. An example of easy deduction is disabling a commit button when there is a single, empty text box that requires any input. You can use balloons to display non-critical user input problems with text boxes and editable drop-down lists. However, if the problem can't be explained with a balloon or involves multiple controls, the deduction would no longer be easy.
- Otherwise, leave the control enabled, but give an error message when it is used incorrectly. Disabling in this case would make it difficult for users to understand why the control is disabled. Users would be forced to determine the problem through experimentation and deductive logic. It's better just to provide a helpful error message to explain the problem explicitly.
- Tip: If you aren't sure whether you should disable a control or give an error message, start by composing the error message that you might give. If the error message contains helpful information that target users aren't likely to quickly deduce, leave the control enabled and give the error. Otherwise, disable the control.
- If you disable a control, also disable all associated controls, such as its label, supplemental explanations, or command buttons. However, don't disable its group box, group label, or group explanation if there are any.
Required input
- To indicate that users must provide information in a control, consider the following options:
- Don't indicate anything, but handle missing required input with error messages. This approach reduces clutter and works well if most input is optional or users aren't likely to skip controls, thus keeping the number of error messages low.
- Indicate required input using an asterisk at the beginning of the label. Explain the asterisk using either:
- A footnote at the bottom of the content area that says * Required input.
- A tooltip on the asterisk that says Required input.
- If all controls require input, state "All input required" at an appropriate place at the top of the content area. This approach reduces clutter for this specific case.
- Indicate optional inputs with "(optional)" after the label. This approach works well if most input is required, but poorly otherwise.
- For consistency, try to use the same method to indicate required input throughout your program. Specifically, indicate either required or optional input as needed, but avoid using both within the same program.
Error handling
- Prevent errors by using controls that are constrained to valid user input. You can also help reduce the number of errors by providing reasonable default values.
- Validate user input as soon as possible, and show errors as closely to the point of input as possible.
- Use modeless error handling (in-place errors or balloons) for user input problems.
- Use balloons for non-critical, single-point user input problems detected while in a text box or immediately after a text box loses focus. Balloons don't require available screen space or the dynamic layout that is required to display in-place messages. Display only a single balloon at a time. Because the problem isn't critical, no error icon is necessary. Balloons go away when clicked, when the problem is resolved, or after a timeout.
- Use in-place errors for delayed error detection, usually errors found by clicking a commit button. (Don't use in-place errors for settings that are immediately committed.) There can be multiple in-place errors at a time. Use normal text and a 16x16 pixel error icon, placing them directly next to the problem whenever possible. In-place errors don't go away unless the user commits and no other errors are found.
- Use modal error handling (task dialogs or message boxes) for all other problems, including errors that involve multiple controls, or are non-contextual or non-input errors found by clicking a commit button.
- When an input problem is found and reported, set input focus to the first control with the incorrect data. Scroll the control into view if necessary.
For more information and examples, see Error Messages and Balloons.
- When providing user assistance, consider the following options (listed in their order of preference):
- Give interactive controls self-explanatory labels. Users are more likely to read the labels on interactive controls than any other text.
- Provide in-context explanations using static text labels.
- Provide a specific Help link to a relevant Help topic.
- Locate Help links at the bottom of the content area of the dialog box. If the dialog box has a footnote and the Help link is related to it, place the Help link within the footnote.
- Exception: If a dialog box has several distinct groups of settings that have separate Help topics (perhaps within group boxes), locate the Help links at the bottom of the groups.
- Don't use general or vague Help topic links or generic Help buttons. Users often ignore generic Help.
For more information and examples, see Help.
Default values
- Include a default commit button on every dialog box.
- For question dialogs:
- Select the safest (to prevent loss of data or system access), most secure response to be the default. If safety and security aren't factors, select the most likely or convenient response.
- Exception: Don't make a destructive response the default unless there is an easy, obvious way to undo the command.
- Select the safest (to prevent loss of data or system access), most secure response to be the default. If safety and security aren't factors, select the most likely or convenient response.
- For choice dialogs:
- For the initial default values, select the safest (to prevent loss of data or system access) and most secure values for each control. If safety and security aren't factors, select the most likely or convenient options.
- For the subsequent default values, reselect the previously selected options if those values are likely to be repeated, and doing so is safe and secure. Otherwise, select the initial default values.
Recommended sizing and spacing
- Support the minimum Windows Vista screen resolution of 800 x 600 pixels. Layouts may be optimized for resizable windows using a screen resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels.
- Use resizable windows whenever practical to avoid scroll bars and truncated data. Windows with dynamic content and lists benefit the most from resizable windows.
- Fixed-sized windows must be entirely visible and sized to fit within the work area.
- Resizable windows may be optimized for higher resolutions, but sized down as needed at display time to the actual screen resolution.
- Choose a default window size appropriate for its contents. Don't be afraid to use larger initial window sizes if you can use the space effectively.
- Remove redundant text. Look for redundant text in titles, main instructions, supplemental instructions, content areas, command links, and commit buttons. Generally, leave full text in instructions and interactive controls, and remove any redundancy from the other places.
- Use positive phrasing. Positive phrasing is easier for users to understand.
However, phrasing must match the associated command, even if the command is negatively phrased; so, for example, use disable to confirm a Disable command.
Do you want to enable file and printer sharing?
Do you want to disable file and printer sharing? - If necessary, use the word "window" to refer to the dialog box itself.
- Use the second person ("you/your") to tell users what to do in the main instruction and content area. Often the second person is implied.
Choose the pictures you want to print
Choose an account - Use the first person ("I/me/my") to let users tell the program what to do in controls in the content area that respond to the main instruction.
Example: Print the photos on my camera.
Dialog box titles
- Use the title to identify the command, feature, or program where a dialog box came from.
- If dialog is user initiated, identify it using the command or feature name. Exceptions:
- If a dialog box is displayed by many different commands, consider using the program name instead.
- If that title would be redundant with the main instruction, use the program name instead.
- If it is program or system initiated (and therefore out of context), identify it using the program or feature name to give context.
- Don't use the title to explain what to do in the dialog—that's the purpose of the main instruction.
- If dialog is user initiated, identify it using the command or feature name. Exceptions:
- Use the exact command name for command-based names, but don't include the ellipsis if there is one. You can include the command's menu title if necessary to compose a good title. Example: for an Object... command in an Insert menu, use the title Insert Object.
- If a modeless dialog box appears on the taskbar, optimize the title for display on the taskbar by concisely placing the distinguishing information first. Examples: "66% Complete," and "3 Reminders."
- Don't include the words "dialog" or "progress" in the title. This is implied, and leaving it off makes it easier for users to scan.
- Use title-style capitalization, without ending punctuation.
Main instructions
- Use the main instruction to explain concisely what to do in the dialog. The instruction should be a specific statement, imperative direction, or question. Good instructions communicate the user's objective with the dialog rather than focusing purely on the mechanics of manipulating it.
- Omit the main instruction when the only thing you can say is obvious. In such cases, the content of the dialog box is self-explanatory. For example, the File Open and File Save common dialogs don't need a main instruction because their context and design make their purpose obvious.
- Omit control labels that restate the main instruction. In this case, the main instruction takes the access key.
- Be concise—use only a single, complete sentence. Pare the main instruction down to the essential information. If you must explain anything more, use supplemental instruction.
- Use specific verbs whenever possible. Specific verbs (examples: connect, save, install) are more meaningful to users than generic ones (examples: configure, manage, set).
- Use sentence-style capitalization.
- Don't include final periods if the instruction is a statement. If the instruction is a question, include a final question mark.
- For progress dialogs, use a gerund phrase briefly explaining the operation in progress, ending with an ellipsis. Example: Printing your pictures...
- Tip: You can evaluate a main instruction by imagining what you would say to a friend. If responding with the main instruction would be unnatural, unhelpful, or awkward, rework the instruction.
Supplemental instructions
- When necessary, use an optional supplemental instruction to present additional information helpful to understanding or using the page. You can provide more detailed information and define terminology.
- If the appearance of the dialog box is program or system initiated (and therefore out of context), use the supplemental instruction to explain why the dialog has appeared. For such dialogs, the context is usually not obvious.
- Don't repeat the main instruction with slightly different wording. Instead, omit the supplemental instruction if there is not more to add.
- Use complete sentences, sentence-style capitalization, and ending punctuation.
Command links
- Choose concise link text that clearly communicates and differentiates what the command link does. It should be self-explanatory and correspond to the main instruction. Users shouldn't have to figure out what the link really means or how it differs from other links.
- Always start command links with a verb.
- Use sentence-style capitalization.
- Don't use ending punctuation.
- If necessary, provide any further explanation using complete sentences and ending punctuation. However, add such explanations only when needed—don't add explanations to all command links just because one command link needs one.
For more information and examples, see Command Link guidelines.
Commit buttons
- Use specific commit button labels that make sense on their own and are a response to the main instruction. Ideally users shouldn't have to read anything else to understand the label. Users are far more likely to read command button labels than static text.
- Start commit button labels with a verb. Exceptions are OK, Yes, and No.
- Use sentence-style capitalization.
- Don't use ending punctuation.
- Assign a unique access key.
- Exception: Don't assign access keys to OK and Cancel buttons because Enter and Esc are their access keys. Doing so makes the other access keys easier to assign.
When referring to dialog boxes:
- In programming and other technical documentation, refer to dialog boxes as dialog boxes. Everywhere else, refer to dialog boxes by their title. If the title bar is hidden, refer to the dialog using the main instruction.
- If you must refer to a dialog box in general, use window in user documentation. You can refer to a simple question dialog or confirmation as a message.
- Use the exact title or main instruction text, including its capitalization.
- When possible, format the title using bold text. Otherwise, put the title in quotation marks only if required to prevent confusion.
Example: In Windows Security, click More Options.


text:
Home & Garden
Improve circulation while you sleep.
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Maitre D - Brass 12 Inches
Pepper Mills Imports was founded in 1986 and has been offering the best and finest pepper salt and spice mills made in the world. All of the mills have been hand made and were adapted from a Greek coffee mill that was originally used by the Greek army. The grinding mechanism has been designed to actually grind rather than smash which maximizes both the flavor and the aroma of the pepper salt and spices. Whether you are in your home or at a restaurant the hand-made mills from Pepper Mills Imports are some of the finest available. Pepper Mill Imports 12" Maitre D' Pepper Mill. Material: Brass. Grinding mechanism maximizes flavor and aroma. Hand made. Clean with dry brush or cloth. Made in Greece. Dimensions: 12" H x 2.5" W x 2.5" D.$59.93 -
Home & Garden
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Chef s Mate mills from Pepper Mill Imports are made of the finest metals and each is hand made in Greece to exacting standards. These mills produce a generous amount of freshly ground pepper with each turn of the handle. The patented grinding mechanism assures full flavor. Add pepper with the easy open front loading chute. Hand made to exacting standards Grinding mechanism is designed to actually grind the pepper maximizing flavor and aroma Front loading for ease in refilling pepper Produces a generous amount with each turn of the handle Durable all metal body$58.05

subset: commoncrawl


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As the recognized leader for special education professional standards, CEC develops standards, ethics and practices and guidelines to ensure that individuals with exceptionalities have access to well-prepared, career-oriented special educators.
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POLS-3413 The Presidency & Congress
A survey of the internal operation of the two major branches of the national government, especially in the context of foreign policy and making the national budget. A second major issue is the impact of partisanship on presidential-congressional relations and public policy. This course is normally offered in the spring semester of even-numbered years.
Lets get started! Or do you need more information?
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text:
The great psychologist William James was Gertrude Stein's teacher and mentor. As legend tells it, James once posed a single question on a final examination: "What is risk?" Stein wrote, "This is," walked out of the examination room, and went about her business. Supposedly James gave Stein an A.
After a tragedy such as the one last week in Boston, people have a heightened sense of risk. If a flood, an earthquake, a violent crime or a terrorist attack has occurred in the recent past, people tend to have a feeling of vulnerability, captured in the alarming idea that "you can't be safe anywhere." Often that feeling is far greater than reality warrants. This is so because of two facts about how human beings respond to risk.
The first is that we often assess probabilities not by looking at statistics, but by asking what events come readily to mind. If you are unable to think of a case in which a crime occurred in your neighborhood, or of a situation in which an accident resulted from talking on a mobile phone while driving, you might not much worry about crime or distracted driving. But if your neighbor was recently robbed, or if a friend was badly injured in a crash caused by distracted driving, you might think that the risk is pretty high.
Social scientists emphasize that people use the "availability heuristic," which means that we assess risks by asking whether a bad (or good) event is cognitively "available." It is hardly unreasonable to use the availability heuristic, yet we can be misled by it, and far more frightened than we need to be.
A bad event may have occurred in the recent past, but it might have been a fluke, and the risk might be really low. Even if there was a robbery in your neighborhood last month, there might be no reason for alarm.
When a terrible event produces widespread fear, it is often because of the availability heuristic. A tragic event becomes so public, and so memorable, that people feel at risk whether or not they really are.
The second problem is that for some risks, we tend to focus mostly on the possible outcome, and not so much on the likelihood that it will actually come to fruition. Much of the time, of course, we really care about probability. If you are asked how much you would pay to buy a 1 percent chance of winning $500, you will say a lot less than if you are asked how much you would pay to buy a 99 percent chance of winning $500.
But when people's emotions are running especially high, the outcome is the dominant consideration, and it can crowd out consideration of probability. Studies show that when people are asked how much they would pay to avoid a 1 percent chance of getting a painful electric shock, their answer is only slightly lower than what it is when they are asked how much they would pay to avoid a 99 percent chance of getting such a shock.
The lesson is straightforward. In situations that trigger strong negative emotions, people tend to focus on the very worst that might happen, and the question of probability turns out to be secondary. Those who sell life insurance exploit this feature of human nature. You might be able to persuade people to buy insurance if you can get them to think about the economic risks faced by their family.
When terrorists succeed in generating widespread fear, it is also because they get people to focus on terrible outcomes, and not on the likelihood that they will come about. Because strong emotions are produced by the prospect of a terrorist attack, people might well become more frightened than reality warrants.
It is hardly irrational to be scared in the immediate aftermath of an attack, when people may not know the scope of the threat and the extent of the danger. An elevated sense of vulnerability is hard to avoid. Yet even when individuals are highly unlikely to be at risk, they might remain fearful, simply because the horrible outcome is so vivid.
Nonetheless, it is possible for people to have a realistic sense of what risk is and what it isn't. Going about your business can be a good way to reduce individual, social and economic harm - and it can be a forceful answer to those who seek to frighten us.
Cass R. Sunstein, the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School, is a Bloomberg View columnist. He is the former administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the co-author of "Nudge" and author of "Simpler: The Future of Government," just published by Simon and Shuster.
Community News Network
Why do people stay scared after sudden tragedies?
- Community News Network
VIDEO: Aftermath of NYC building collapse
Footage from the New York Daily News shows firefighters responding to a building collapse at East 116th Street and Park Avenue in Harlem. At least 11 minor injuries had been reported late Wednesday morning.
VIDEO: Double leads to runaway stroller at spring training game
A fan at a recent Marlins-Mets spring training game in Port St. Lucie was so intent on snagging the ball from a ground rule double by Chris Young that he forgot to hang on to the stroller carrying his young son, which then careened down a hill.
If you were a crustacean, would you feel pain?
A scientist and a seafood chef walk into a bar. "We have a mutual interest," says the scientist. "I study crustaceans and you cook them." But the chef wanted to know just one thing: Do the animals feel pain?
How virus sleuths and public health officials track the cause of a mysterious illness
When a mysterious disease fells people - as happened in California recently, with as many as 20 children experiencing unexplained paralysis - teams of physicians and epidemiologists quickly mobilize. Perhaps you saw the movie "Contagion"? The idea is to find the culprit before it spreads but also to prevent public panic.
First Apple, now Google hit with kids' app lawsuit
Last month, 4- and 5-year-old brothers in New York quickly spent $65.95 in real money to buy virtual goods in Marvel's Run Jump Splash game on the family tablet. They were able to rack up the charges without entering a password. And for that, the boys' mother has joined a class-action lawsuit filed Tuesday against Google, accusing the company of deceiving consumers about its in-app purchase system, which critics say makes it too easy for kids to spend money on their Android devices.
VIDEO: First month of Colorado pot legalization brought in $2M in tax revenue
The first month of recreational marijuana sales in Colorado brought in about $2 million in tax revenue, the first indicator of the earning potential of the U.S.'s premier legal pot market.
VIDEO: NHL game postponed after player collapses
Monday's game between the Columbus Blue Jackets and the Dallas Stars was postponed after Stars forward Rich Peverley collapsed on the bench shortly after completing a shift in the first period.
In this tech age, how can a plane go missing?
Call 911 from the side of the road, and GPS satellites can tell dispatchers exactly where to send help. Airline passengers have access to detailed maps that show exactly where they are during their journey. Hop onto WiFi, and somehow Google knows whether you're logging on from Lima or London, and will give you detailed suggestions about what to eat.
VIDEO: Skydiver, pilot treated after midair collision
A pilot practicing take-offs and landings got tangled up with a skydiver in Polk County, Fla., but amazingly, no one was seriously hurt.
Researchers tackle mystery of how some snakes can fly
Flying snakes sound like creatures from a bad B-movie, but these serpents are elegant gliders that have evolved a special skill that sets them apart. In two new studies, engineers have used simulations to try to decipher how the wingless reptile manages to remain airborne despite its lack of flight appendages.
- More Community News Network Headlines
VIDEO: Aftermath of NYC building collapse


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Gary Wayne Kubiak
Position: QB
Height: 6-0 Weight: 192 lbs.
Born: August 15, 1961 in Houston, TX
College: Texas A&M (school history) (Kubiak college stats)
Drafted by the Denver Broncos in the 8th round (197th overall) of the 1983 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 7 (7983rd overall since 1950)
Other SR Links: College Football at Sports-Reference.com


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Hotels near Parque De Las Américas for Art & Design Lovers
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Parque De Las Américas
Calle 20 Y Avenida Colon, Merida, MexicoDistance: 0.0 mi4 reviewsEs un parque muy grande y muy bien conservado, ideal para una caminata!!
Popular withOutdoor
- Nearby Hotels
Fiesta Americana Merida
Paseo de Montejo 451 | Esquina Avenida Colón, Colonia Centro, Merida 97000, MexicoRanked #10 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 0.9 mi1 reviewHotel Class: 4While not a terrible hotel, this is kind of a pack 'em in like sardines kind of place with passable amenities and stale-feeling rooms. I didn't care for the white... more
Popular withBudget$92avg/night
Hotel Ibis Merida
Calle 58-A 495, Centro, Mérida, Yucatan, MexicoRanked #12 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 1.0 miHotel Class: 3Popular withBusinessBudget$53avg/night
Hyatt Regency Merida
Avenue Colon, Esq. Calle 60, Merida 97000, MexicoRanked #16 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 0.9 miHotel Class: 4Popular withBusinessBudget$140avg/night
InterContinental Presidente Merida
Avda Colon 500 Centro, Merida 97000, MexicoRanked #19 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 0.8 miHotel Class: 4Popular withBusinessBudget$99avg/night
Holiday Inn Merida
Avenida Colon 498 | Paseo de Montejo, Merida 97000, MexicoRanked #20 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 0.9 miHotel Class: 3Popular withBusinessBudget$75avg/night
Casa Sac Nah
Calle 31 No 249 Merida Mexico 97072Ranked #36 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 0.6 miHotel Class: 0$35avg/night
Hotel Casa Nobel
Calle 72 No 403 C x 39 y 41 Merida Mexico 97000Ranked #46 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 0.4 miHotel Class: 4$50avg/night
Casa Azul Monumento Historico
Calle 60 No 43 x 37 y 35 Col Centro Merida Mexico 97070Ranked #35 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 0.8 miHotel Class: 5Popular withLuxury$300avg/night
Hotel Dolores Alba
Carretera CalleRanked #2 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 1.8 mi1 reviewHotel Class: 3This hotel is very central to all of Merida. The hotel is very comfortable and safe. There is a beautiful courtyard and a great breakfast every morning.
Popular withBudget$47avg/night
Hotel Indigo Merida Hacienda Misne
Calle 19 No 172 X 6B, Merida 97173, MexicoRanked #4 overall in Merida hotelsDistance: 3.9 mi1 reviewHotel Class: 4Great Yucatecan food,buffet on Sunday Mornings


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Dr. Zwicker is the principle investigator of the MicroTEC trial at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
Study Titles:
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers:
Participating Centers:
Accrual Goals:
Study Designs:
Rationale: The MicroTEC and PHACS studies target primary thromboprophylaxis to high-risk cancer outpatients. The rationale for the MicroTEC study is based on the observation that elevated levels of circulating tissue-factor bearing microparticles represent a significant risk factor for development of venous thromboembolic events in cancer patients.1 Similarly, Khorana and colleagues developed a risk model that stratifies outpatients with cancer into risk categories based on site of cancer, hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, leukocyte count, and body mass index.2
Comment: Although it is well established that patients with cancer have an abnormally high rate of thrombosis, a standard approach to anticoagulant prophylaxis in the setting of malignancy has yet to emerge. Recently, two large phase III trials demonstrated efficacy in primary thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparins in cancer patients, with a 2 percent absolute reduction in venous thromboembolic events observed.3,4 The MicroTEC and PHACS studies are designed to target anticoagulation in high-risk cancer populations either by measuring a biomarker of thrombotic risk (tissue factor-bearing microparticles) or by using a validated risk model. By aiming at a defined target population, the efficacy of thromboprophylaxis in patients with cancer may be improved beyond that observed in unstratified patient populations.
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Get the ASH Quick Reference guides in print or on your phone.
The von Willebrand Disease pocket guide is now available on the ASH Guides Mobile App.
A tool to help hematologists participate in the CMS Physician Quality Reporting System.


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This article was originally distributed via PRWeb. PRWeb, WorldNow and this Site make no warranties or representations in connection therewith.
Recently, Hiconn Electronics, a famous adapter maker in the world, has announced its new designs of USB 2.0 100M Ethernet Adapters for the European market.
(PRWEB) February 21, 2014
Recently, Hiconn Electronics, a famous adapter maker in the world, has announced its new designs of USB 2.0 100M Ethernet Adapters for the European market. Along with this, the company has launched a special offer on these quality products.
As a leading brand of electronic devices, Hiconn Electronics pays a lot of attention to product quality and online service. Now, it is convenient for worldwide clients to place an order at its online store. Its top experts also share their opinion, advice and knowledge on the Internet frequently.
Some detailed information about the companys USB 2.0 100M Ethernet Adapters is as follows:
About The Hottest Designs
USB 2.0 to 10/100M fast Ethernet controller
Compliant with USB 2.0 and 1.1 specification
Support USB full and high speed modes
Support USB to Ethernet bridging or vice versa in hardware
Support Windows CE 5.0 / 2000 (32 bit) / 2003 (64 bit) / XP (32/64 bit) / Vista (32/64 bit) / Windows 7 (32/64 bit) and Linux 2.6.14
Support MAC OS X 10.3, Mac OS X 10.4 and Power Mac
The CEO of the company says, We are happy to unveil our new products. They are well designed for customers from around the world, especially those from Europe. Hiconn Electronics has been working in the electronics industry for a long time. Most of our items sell well in the global market. Therefore, I believe our new designs of USB 2.0 100M Ethernet Adapters will be well appreciated by the distributors.
About Hiconn Electronics
Hiconn Electronics (Shenzhen Hiconn Electronics Co. Ltd.) is devoted to designing and manufacturing a wide range of connection cables and customized cable assemblies, offering many HDMI cables, VGA cables, SATA cables, USB cables, 1394 cables, DVI cables, SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) and more. For more information, please visit http://www.hiconn.net/.
Contact Person: James Yin (Sales Director)
Company Name: Shenzhen Hiconn Electronics Co., Ltd.
Address: Shenghua Building., Xixiang Road., Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
Zip Code: 518102
Tel: +86-755-8109 8345
Fax:+86-755-2779 3497
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/02/prweb11605211.htm
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Finally Jim Mora and Robert Horry will pay attention to their fantasy baseball teams. Last week got all flummoxed with all that Irene business. Not my fault the patent is still pending on my weather machine. This week let's hope we are back to some sense of normalcy. Wait, off course we are… Strasburg is back! It's like the Beatles playing Shea in '63. No, not really, but it's still exciting. Some playoff systems lock their rosters so if your reading this to just read this, thanks for being a faithful reader. Others, start as many as you can. Stats are stats. I would rather go down fighting than sit there like a bump on a log. Well, good luck this week in both the fantasy baseball playoffs and the first week of fantasy football. (Please keep in mind that pitchers and matchups change.)
Bruce Chen @ Oak – Moscoso


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UK breakdown cover
– buy online
Get a quoteArrange cover over the phone
Call us on 0800 085 2721
Broken down?
We can help – call us now
0800 88 77 66
There are 33 results - Show results on a map Print this page
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This friendly guest house offers a peaceful street location just a few minutes walk from Chester railway station and city centre. Bedrooms are spacious and comfortable, and equipped with a range of th...
More about Hamilton CourtCHESTER
The Limes is family run, and is only one mile from the city centre. All bedrooms are attractively appointed. The bright dining room offers a choice of full English or a continental breakfast. The secl...
More about The LimesCHESTER
Stone Villa Chester is a welcoming retreat away from the bustling city, yet is within walking distance of city centre attractions. Bedrooms have comfortable beds and a wealth of accessories which crea...
More about Stone Villa ChesterCHESTER
Situated within easy walking distance of the city, family-run Glen Garth provides well-equipped bedrooms, and hearty breakfasts served in the pleasant rear dining room. Friendly, attentive service is ...
More about Glen GarthWARRINGTON
High quality, budget accommodation ideal for both families and business travellers. Spacious, en suite bedrooms feature tea and coffee making facilities, and Freeview TV in most hotels. Internet acces...
More about Premier Inn Warrington SouthWARRINGTON
This modern hotel enjoys a peaceful setting, yet is conveniently located just minutes from the M56. The bedrooms are contemporary, well furnished and attractively co-ordinated. Spacious, stylish publi...
More about The Park RoyalRUNCORN
This modern building offers accommodation in smart, well-equipped bedrooms, all with en suite bathrooms. Refreshments may be taken at the informal bistro.
More about Campanile RuncornNANTWICH
This fine 19th-century mansion is set in 38 acres of gardens, pasture and parkland. Bedrooms are spacious and appointed to a high standard with wide-screen plasma TVs and DVD players; many rooms have ...
More about Rookery Hall Hotel & SpaWARMINGHAM
Located beside a small river in a rural Cheshire village, this 19th-century inn provides very comfortable and well-equipped boutique bedrooms that have a wealth of thoughtful and practical extras. The...
More about The Bear's PawCREWE
High quality, budget accommodation ideal for both families and business travellers. Spacious, en suite bedrooms feature tea and coffee making facilities, and Freeview TV in most hotels. Internet acces...
More about Premier Inn Crewe West


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Unisex Organic Tee (More Styles...)
American Apparel certified organic 100% combed cotton t-shirt has a fitted / vintage fit & medium-lightweight jersey fabric. Sizes: SM-3XL
Mens & Unisex Jump to: Tees Long Sleeve Tanks Sweatshirts Juniors / Women's Fitted Kids & Babies Accessories Description: New Mexico understands the potential for solar and wind power, and the destructive force of 20th century fossil fuel industries. Yet, it's going to take a new political party to bring about the shift from last century's dirty energy system and dirty political setups. It's time for a sustainable approach to replace the quest for power for power's sake. It's time for New Mexico to embrace the Green Party. Search: new mexico, green party, greens, liberal, southwest
More designs in Progressive State Politics


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These PDF files show a series of screens that are likely to be encountered when filing online through eFile & Pay. The pages shown are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to represent perfectly the screens you may see when actually filing. To view these presentations, your computer must have the free Acrobat Reader.
WithholdingIncome Tax PaymentsEstimated and Final Payments
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KU Home
Marine Science
Welcome to Dr. Wendy L. Ryan's Web Page
Office Hours
Class Schedule
Courses Taught BIO 010 Basic Biology. BIO 011 Basic Biology Laboratory. BIO 104 Principles of Biology. BIO 105 Principles of Biology Laboratory. BIO 106 Zoology. BIO 107 Zoology Laboratory. BIO 130 Environmental Issues: Global Perspective. BIO/MAR 226 Marine Biology. BIO/MAR 227 Marine Biology Laboratory. BIO/MAR 234/235 Animal Physiology. BIO 242/243 Ecosystems Ecology. BIO 270 Research Methods Laboratory. BIO 300 Comparative Animal Physiology. BIO/MAR 320 Physiological Ecology. BIO/MAR 321 Physiological Ecology Laboratory. BIO/MAR 326/327 Marine Ecology. BIO/MAR 340/341 Marine Mammals. BIO 370 Research in Biology. BIO 380 Senior Seminar. BIO 390 Internship in Biology. ENV 100/101 Introduction to Environmental Science. MAR/GEL 110/111 Introduction to Oceanography. MAR 370 Independent Research in Marine Science. MAR 380 Senior Seminar. MAR 390 Internship in Marine Science.
My research interests include the mechanisms of gas bubble formation as they relate to decompression sickness. I have worked with both in vitro and in vivo systems in an attempt to clarify our understanding of this process. Most recently I have used fish embryos and newly hatched fry to study the bubble formation in vertebrates, as it might involve the presence or function of specific organ systems or structures. Fish also suffer from a gas bubble-related condition, gas bubble trauma, and are thought to be particularly sensitive to gas supersaturation. This may make it easier to study the conditions and system(s) responsible for gas bubble formation in these organisms.
I have recently initiated a new project examining the feeding strategies and energy budget of the sea anenome Aiptasia . So far preliminary results on both size-based prey selection and the productivity of the algal symbionts have proven to be very interesting.
As the former principle investigator for the Coastal Dolphin Research Project sponsored by the Marine Science Consortium, Wallops Island, VA, I am interested in the population status and habitat use of the migratory stock of the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) along the upper latitudes of its range in the nearshore waters off Assateague and Wallops Islands, VA.
For more information, please see...
Curriculum Vita
Marine and other Biology Web Sites
Professionally Oriented Web Sites
Please address correspondence to: email@example.com


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11:54 pm
Mon December 6, 2010
Matrix Pay System Implemented in Macomb
Macomb, IL – Macomb is changing the compensation system it uses for many employees.
The new system, called the Matrix Pay System, increases the pay for new employees at a quicker pace than the old system. However, the pay is capped at a lower level than what was previously possible under the Merit Step System.
The new pay matrix covers all worker positions except contract employees, those elected to office, and those in collective bargaining units.
City Administrator Dean Torreson said the new system will save the city money in the long run.
"Those employees, if they have a 40 year career, extending out that far we're talking about in the millions (in savings)," Torreson said.
Cost of living increases will still be possible for employees after they reach the top step in their position. Also, it's possible for someone to earn more money if he/she changes jobs.
The change in systems is retroactive to May 1, 2010.
The change was unanimously approved by city council members during their December 6 meeting.


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New Arrivals
Lennox Cluster Earring
Swingy earrings designed from a linear collection of curved metal bars.
- Metal.
- Wire.
- Imported.
We're so sorry: this item sold out sooner than expected. For an equally chic substitute, please call our Personal Service Associates at 1.888.855.4986. Or click on Chico's Chat below for immediate assistance.


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Difference between revisions of "Lier"
Latest revision as of 14:03, 13 May 2009Lier [1] is a city of about 30,000 inhabitants in the province of Antwerp, Belgium.
[edit] Understand[edit] Get inLier can be conveniently reached by car. Highways aren't that close. It's halfway between E19 ( Antwerp to Brussels ) and E313 ( Antwerpto Liege. The National roads connected the town with the highways and other close by cities, like the N10 to Antwerp, N14 to Mechelen and N13 to the E313. Like many towns in Belgium it's a problem though to get rid of your car in the center. Lier is connected by Rail too Antwerp, Mechelen, Herentals, Aarschot, Leuven and Brussels. the Train Station lays at the outskirts of the town. [edit] Get around[edit] Public transportationThe public transport company De Lijn [2] has a number of bus lines through Lier. [edit] On footBest method to discover Lier. Most places of interest are in the center of the city and lay only a couple of minutes from each other. [edit] Bicycle[edit][add listing] See
[edit][add listing] Do[edit] Learn[edit][add listing] Buy[edit][add listing] Eat[edit][add listing] DrinkMost of the nightlife is centered around Zimmerplein in local pubs. [edit][add listing] Sleep[edit] Get out


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CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SHOW: CNET editors cover the Next Big Thing
Smarter smart phones, video, and gaming By William O'Neal (December 15, 2004) Nothing says "consumer electronics" like cell phones and handhelds. And that's why we are expecting a bumper crop at CES, especially smart phones and multimedia-capable mobiles. Meanwhile, rumors of the handheld's demise have been greatly exaggerated. We think enhanced multimedia and connectivity solutions could keep the PDA alive and tapping for some time to come. Here's a more detailed rundown of what to look for at CES. Smarter smart phones The success of the BlackBerry and, more recently, PalmOne's Treo, has transformed the smart phone from tech curiosity to mainstream mobile. The Treo 650 just arrived but is currently available only from Sprint PCS (CDMA). By the time CES rolls around, other carriers should be selling the GSM/GPRS version of the Treo 650. Though Microsoft is a relative latecomer, its Windows Mobile 2003 for Smartphones is gaining momentum, and we expect to see numerous manufacturers jumping on the smart phone bandwagon. The beauty of Smartphone 2003 is that it not only converts your cell phone into a full-fledged PDA, but thanks to Windows Media Player 10.0, it also delivers the ability to play both streaming and local audio and video content. But Microsoft is a relative latecomer to the smart phone game. Look for PalmOne's Treo 650 to garner a ton of attention. Similarly, BlackBerry won't be outdone. Video meets the cell phone Windows Mobile 2003-based smart phones aren't the only ones that can play video. There are already a handful of other cell phones on the market that can play steaming video. Look for video to be an increasingly big part of the cell phone scene. The U.S market may not be ready for "cell phone TV," but the fact remains that many of us are never without our mobile. With that in mind, content creators are champing at the bit, trying to figure out how to deliver compelling streaming video content on the go. Camera phones that actually take decent pictures Camera phones are hot items, but they make a pretty poor substitute for a digital camera. The VGA or 1-megapixel sensors in cell phones are really suitable only for snapping images for e-mail or to use as wallpaper. Consumers want images that are of higher quality and that can be printed as well. To achieve that, we'll need higher-resolution sensors, improved low-light performance, built-in flash, and other camera features. These are already available in handsets in Asia, and hopefully we'll get our first glimpses at future U.S. models at CES. Gaming to go Why settle for playing Splinter Cell only at home on an Xbox when you can also play it on a cell phone? We expect Microsoft to announce its next-generation Xbox, but we're also hoping to see a ton of new titles as well as technology that enables you to play multiplayer cell phone games. Sexy cells Cell phones are more than just communication devices--they're rapidly becoming fashion accessories. With that in mind, look for cell phones that break design molds at this year's show. We expect to see more devices like Motorola's Razr V3 and MPx220. We may even see some wearable cell phones, smart phones, and PDAs. Bluetooth for all While the GSM crowd has been enjoying Bluetooth wireless for a while, those who use CDMA technology (Sprint and Verizon customers) have mostly been left out in the cold. That should soon change. At this year's show, we're expecting a bevy of Bluetooth-enabled CDMA phones. The PDA goes multimedia The organizer capabilities of handhelds seem to be almost afterthoughts nowadays. We're hoping for more PDAs (both Palm and Pocket PC) with additional multimedia and digital entertainment features, including the use of Windows Media Player 10.0 Mobile, gaming bundles, universal remote software, and built-in cameras, as well as the ability to view and edit pictures. Wearable PDAs We've heard a lot of buzz about "smart" watches. But that's only one way to wear a PDA. Look for innovative ways to bring the PDA out of the breast pocket. MORE TOP STORIES CES BUZZ BLOG Our inveterate Buzz-er Molly Wood is on the CES show floor, digging up the stories and the hottest buzz. What's the latest? Take a look at Molly's buzz blog and find out.
NEXT BIG THING AWARD CES is full of cool gadgets, but which ones will you be lining up to buy? Our editors cut through the hype and tell you what products will be the Next Big Thing.
CNET'S CES BACKSTAGE CREW We gave six regular, everyday CNET users backstage passes to CES 2005. You'll never guess what they discover in their travels through the wonderland of gear and gadgets.
See CES products by category


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Reload the page and try again.
Parking: There are not enough commuter spots. The way the parking lots are divided is just weird and doesn't make sense.
Parking: Students who live on campus can't drive or park on campus except for at the dorm. Hello, Gamecock Express. Also, everyone complains about how bad we're all ticketed. One girl got a ticket, went inside to pay it, and when she came back out there was another ticket on her car.
Parking: Jacksonville is in desperate need of a parking deck!!!
Parking: The permit is not expensive all costs are bearable
Parking: Plenty of parking normally; however, you might have to walk because spots fill up fairly quickly.
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Michelle Dockery leads the stars going without make-up for charity
Downton Abbey star Michelle Dockery joined celebrities including singer Rachel Stevens and newsreader Fiona Bruce in going make-up-free for this year's BBC Children in Need's BearFaced campaign.
BearFaced beauties: Sheridan Smith and Alex Jones lead celebrities ditching makeup for Children in Need
As stars of the small screen, they have to spend a great deal of time in the make-up artist's chair, but now famous faces including Alex Jones and Sheridan Smith have decided to ditch their foundation...
Heidi Klum and Louise Redknapp go BearFaced for charity
Hand over your cosmetics kit this November for Children in Need.
Alongside many famous faces, women up and down the country are wiping off their make-up and embracing the nude look all for a great cause.
New star style needs a retro roll
It's one of the oldest techniques in modern hairdressing, but there will always be a place for roller setting - even when the stars are as young as Cheryl Cole, Leona Lewis and Katherine Jenkins.


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Proposed Amendments to Part 22 (Code of Ethics for Illinois Educators)
P.A. 97-607, effective August 26, 2011, changes the current system of teacher, administrator and school service personnel certification set forth in Article 21 of the School Code to a licensure system (Article 21B of the School Code). References to certification and related terms are being changed to align this set of rules to the licensure system, which became effective July 1, 2013.
Initial Review by State Board of Education: October 2013


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- Join Date
- Jan 2007
- Posts
- 1
01-25-2007, 02:03 AMDecember LL Free gift voucher deal of $150
Hi, Help me someone, because LL won't! I've sent 2 emails now, and no-one gets back to me. I won 3 auctions before 15th Dec all of which said I had also one a $150 vouchers off an auction. I haven't got any of these vouchers and no-one will get back to me. Is this a LL con?
Re: December LL Free gift voucher deal of $150
Hi adrianandjenny,
I too am still missing one of the $150 Dec. Gift certificates. LL seems to have been unusually busy with this Community board, so it seems. Just pick up the phone and call the LL 800 number. Ask for Nancy Taylor, in Customer Service. She is usually quite helpful and she should be able to straighten out the problem. My other $150 Gift Certificates were sent by e-mail attachment which you can download. Be sure to go back and check your e-mail messages from LL, perhaps you overlooked the attachment file. Good luck
Re: December LL Free gift voucher deal of $150
Hi L,
I have never bought an auction where LL offered a $150. gift certificate. If you are lucky enough to get several can you combine them to pay for one package.
Re: December LL Free gift voucher deal of $150
Hi two2go,
Ever so often, LL offers $150 to $200 promotional gift certificates on their properties, just watch for these promotions. Unfortunately, these gift certificates cannot be combined, and they can only be used on purchases "$1000.00 and above" and have an expiration date of about 6 months. If you do get such a gift certificate, be sure to advise LL ahead of time that you would like to use the certificate on an auction you are bidding on, or better yet, take your credit card number off your LL record, or your credit card might be charged for the full amount of the package without taking the gift voucher into account.


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homepage - outings - lodges - ctl - accommodations
Group/Family Rooms:
Rooms with a capacity from five to twelve with bunk beds. Members of multiple group and families can share these rooms. If your group or family does not fill one of these rooms you may be asked to share this room with another group or family.
Twin Rooms:
Cozy two bunk rooms, reserved for parties of 2 that offers privacy but has limited space available. A very limited number of twin rooms have side by side bunks instead of top and bottom bunks.
Dorm Rooms:
Single gender dorms with bunk beds. Female dorm capacity is 23. Male dorm capacity is 10.
There are no private restrooms. All restrooms and shower facilities are shared.
Three hearty meals are included for each night you stay beginning with dinner on your arrival day and ending with breakfast and lunch on your departure day.
7:30 a.m. - Guests prepare their own sack lunch
8:00 a.m. - Family-style breakfast is served
6:00 p.m. - Family-style dinner is served
A vegetarian option is available for every meal. Guests with other dietary restrictions can often be accommodated, provided that the lodge staff is informed in advance. However, those with special diets or allergies should be prepared to supplement the lodge's offerings with food of their own. There are guest refrigerators that can be used to store your own items and a microwave for your use.
Clair Tappaan Lodge was built by volunteers of the Sierra Club in 1934 and the spirit of volunteerism has been alive and well ever since. In order to maintain and build community, as well as keep expenses down, every guest is asked to perform a chore each day they are at the Lodge. Most chores happen either before or after breakfast and dinner and usually last 20 minutes or less. We encourage children of all ages to get involved with the chore system although supervision is required. Please come to the Lodge ready to embrace this nearly 80-year-old tradition.
What to Bring and Helpful Hints for your Visit
Click the "Book Now" button to make a reservation or call 800-679-6775 to contact the Lodge.
For information on Sierra Club's four Backcountry Huts in the Donner/Tahoe Area click here.
For information on Sierra Club's Hutchinson Lodge, next door to Clair Tappaan Lodge, click here.
The Clair Tappaan Lodge Committee, a volunteer group committed to the continued success of the lodge, is led by Diane Boyer. Find out more about how you can support the lodge.
Become a fan of Clair Tappaan Lodge on Facebook for all of the latest information and specials.


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Blue Book® Suggested Retail Value Fuel Economy (city/hwy)
Tell us what you think...
The community thinks...
Humming along
by johnpeta from Florida on 02/21/2012.
Trim: 2007 Hummer H3 Adventure, Owned 1 year.
I feel safe in this vehicle. I'm not afraid to let my teenage son take this vehicle out. HE WILL BE SAFE! The inline 5 is a good dependable engine. Gas usage is the same as other vehicles in it's class.
My truck has 35's on so it uses more gas then the average H3
Overall review:
I love the vehicle and like how it handles.
Review ID: #556218
Is this review offensive?
Hummer "the hitman" H3
by Herve' on 09/14/2011.
Trim: 2007 Hummer H3 Luxury, Owned less than 1 year.
smooth off roading.... dominance off roading, style, comfort, rugged, manly. just the idea that no cub or bumps in the road can slow me down...turn ratio is 2nd to none
here we go...performance as far as acceleration. should have v8 engine and more horse power. my wife's vw touareg tows more than my hummer h3.
Overall review:
great suv....love it. but will upgrade the engine soon
Review ID: #554305
Is this review offensive?
super h3
by An MSN Autos Consumer on 10/26/2010.
Trim: 2007 Hummer H3 Luxury, Owned less than 1 year.
Overall review:
Review ID: #549421
Is this review offensive?
The Mazzhum
by John Medina, Ohio on 10/01/2010.
Trim: 2007 Hummer H3 Luxury, Owned 3 years.
I love the way the Hummer handles. Great in the snow and bad weather.
The blind spots with the windows are bad. I have almost had two accidents...they take some getting used to. Not much power when you punch it.
Overall review:
I really like the Hummer. The ride is smooth and once you get it on the highway it is a nice ride.
Review ID: #549132
Is this review offensive?
Mixed feelings about this one
by Hilmi on 05/08/2010.
Trim: 2007 Hummer H3 Base, Owned 3 years.
-The car is a capable offroader, dispite what jeep owners would tell you.
-Gives the feeling of safety
-Reasonably comofortable on long drives
-Keeps other vehicles at a distance (by intimidation)
-After a few years of use, starts using excessive amounts of petrol, especially if most of your trips are short.
-Visibility is dangerously bad (back visibility at short range is non-existant, huge blind spots on the sides of the front windscreen
-Dissprortionately small amount of interior space compared to the outside dimensions of the car.
Overall review:
If you like the styling and you will genuinly drive it offroad, it is a good car, but keep in mind all the negative points. Also note that spare parts not guaranteed after 10 years from date of original purchase, since the brand is being shut down.
Review ID: #547053
Is this review offensive?
Information or opinions expressed in these reviews are not endorsed by Microsoft Corporation nor MSN Autos.
Have comments about MSN Autos' User Reviews? Send us an email.
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What is course reserves?
Course reserves is a library service which allows faculty to make books and other physical items available for your class. The short borrowing periods for these items are designed to maximize access for all students in your class.
How do I find things on reserve?
You can look for the "Library Materials" tool in your class CTools site. This is a link to the listing of books and other physical items on reserve in a library for your class. Or, you can search the reserves section of the Mirlyn Classic catalog by course name or professor name to find out what is on reserve for your class. See our quick tutorial for additional information.
Where can I find the materials on reserve?
The listing in CTools or Mirlyn Classic will indicate which of the following locations has the reserve material.
- Art Architecture and Engineering Library
- Fine Arts Library
- Music Library
- Taubman Health Sciences Library
- Shapiro Library (Reserve items are located on the 2nd floor in the Askwith Media Library)
Where do I return reserve materials?
You should always return reserve materials to the library service desk from which you borrowed them.
What are the fines for overdue reserve items?
Reserve fines are are $1.00 per hour because reserves services are designed to provide short-term use for high demand materials.


text: Definition of -gen in English: -gen Syllabification: -gen combining form 1 Chemistry Denoting a substance that produces something: oxygen allergen 2 Botany Denoting a substance or plant that is produced: cultigen Originvia French -gène from Greek genēs '-born, of a specified kind', from gen- (root of gignomai 'be born, become', genos 'a kind'). More definitions of -genDefinition of -gen in: The British & World English dictionary Get more from Oxford Dictionaries Subscribe to remove adverts and access premium resources Find out more More on -gen Nearby words gemütlichkeit gen -gen Gen X Gen Xer See also gen1 in US English gen2 in US English Gen. in US English Atty. Gen. in US English gen someone up in gen1 in US English Lt. Gen. in US English Result list for -gen More words in this category adsorbate aldehyde alkaline earth amyl nitrite bicyclic Word of the day Wanderjahr Pronunciation: ˈvandəjɑːnouna year spent travelling abroad See full definition


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Cheap! How is the workout going man?
you gonna play in the Bulls redraft homie?
to Raw?
How are the exercises turning out? Getting in shape? Did manage to increase the work load?
Happy birthday!
The thing is that results only comes in mid-term and you have to stay motivated for long term (not easy)! Join your friends, find your pace and have fun doing it! You will get results. Gonna try to do the same... maybe i will buy a boxing bag... i have been thinking about it for some time now.
Man your thread exercise just gave motivation to do some workout too. I have been really lazy and i´m putting some extra weight (the round one) i dont want to... Going to start some workout of my own
i posted in your cheap get into shape thread
bulls OTT NOW
Hall of Famer
I suit up for Rachel..
Making Kids Cry Brah
Gets Buckets
Steelers TM
PSD's Governor
sippin on some sizzpurp