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Varicella vaccine
This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its contents. (September 2009) |
Vaccine description | |
Target disease | Varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II |
Type | Attenuated virus |
Clinical data | |
MedlinePlus | a607029 |
Legal status | ℞ Prescription only |
Identifiers | |
ATC code | J07BK01 |
(what is this?) (verify) |
The varicella vaccine is a live (attenuated) virus administered to protect against the viral disease commonly known as chickenpox caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). The varicella vaccine is marketed as Varivax in the U.S. by Merck and globally as Varilrix by GlaxoSmithKline. Another vaccine that is known as Zostavax is simply a larger-than-normal dose of Varivax, and is used to reduce the risk of shingles (also called herpes zoster) and postherpetic neuralgia that are caused by the same virus.
Dangers of chickenpox[edit]
Prior to the introduction of vaccine in 1995 in the USA (released in 1988 in Japan & Korea), there were around 4,000,000 cases per year in the US, mostly children, with typically 10,500–13,000 hospital admissions (range, 8,000–18,000), and 100–150 deaths each year.[1][2] Though mostly children caught it, the majority of deaths (by as much as 80%) were among adults.
During 2003 and the first half of 2004, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported eight deaths from varicella, six of whom were children or adolescents. These deaths and hospital admissions have substantially declined in the US due to vaccination,[3][4] though the rate of shingles infection has increased as adults are less exposed to infected children (which would otherwise help protect against shingles).[5][6][7] Ten years after the vaccine was recommended in the US, the CDC reported as much as a 90% drop in chicken pox cases, a varicella-related hospital admission decline of 71%[1] and a 97% drop in chicken pox deaths among those under 20.[8]
Vaccination worldwide[edit]
Japan was among the first countries to vaccinate for chickenpox. Routine vaccination against varicella zoster virus is also performed in the United States, and the incidence of chickenpox has been dramatically reduced there (from 4 million cases per year in the pre-vaccine era to approximately 400,000 cases per year as of 2005). In Europe most countries do not currently vaccinate against varicella, though the vaccine is gaining wider acceptance. Australia, Canada, and other countries have now adopted recommendations for routine immunization of children and susceptible adults against chickenpox.
Other countries, such as the United Kingdom, have targeted recommendations for the vaccine, e.g., for susceptible health care workers at risk of varicella exposure. In the UK, varicella antibodies are measured as part of the routine of prenatal care, and by 2005 all National Health Service personnel had determined their immunity and been immunized if they were non-immune and have direct patient contact. Population-based immunization against varicella is not otherwise practiced in the UK. It is feared that there would be a greater number of cases of shingles in adults, until the vaccination was given to the entire population—because adults who have had chickenpox as a child are less likely to have shingles in later life if they have been exposed occasionally to the chickenpox virus (for example, by their children). This is because the exposure acts as a booster vaccine.[9]
This vaccine is a shot given subcutaneously (under the skin). It is recommended for all children under 13 and for everyone 13 or older who has never had chickenpox.
Two doses are always recommended. In the first case a first dose is administered at 12 to 15 months and a second dose at age 4–6 years. For people older than 13 the two doses are administered 4 to 8 weeks apart.[10]
The varicella vaccine is not recommended for seriously ill people, pregnant women, people who have experienced a serious allergic reaction to the varicella vaccine in the past, people who are allergic to gelatin, people allergic to neomycin, people suffering from an immune system disease, such as HIV, people receiving high doses of steroids, people receiving treatment for cancer with x-rays, drugs or chemotherapy, as well as people who have received blood products or transfusions during the past 5 months.[11]
Side effects[edit]
Serious side effects are very rare. However, in rare occasions, some severe reactions have been reported such as seizures, pneumonia, and anaphylaxis.[citation needed]
The possible mild side effects include redness, stiffness, and soreness at the injection site, as well as fever. A few people may develop a mild rash which usually appears around the shot's area.[12]
There is a short term risk of developing herpes zoster (shingles) following vaccination. However, this risk is less than the risk due to a natural infection resulting in chickenpox.[13]:378 Most of the cases reported have been mild and have not been associated with serious complications.[14]
The vaccine is exceedingly safe: approximately 5% of children who receive the vaccine develop a fever or rash, but as of 1 May 2006[update], there have been no deaths yet attributable to the vaccine despite more than 40 million doses being administered.[15] Cases of vaccine-related chickenpox have been reported in patients with a weakened immune system,[15][16] but no deaths.
The literature contains several reports of adverse reactions following varicella vaccination, including vaccine-strain zoster in children and adults.[17] A mean of 2,350 reports per year are attributed to varicella vaccine based on 20,004 cases reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database from May, 1995 through December, 2003. Minor events are known to be under-reported to VAERS.
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, clinical trials have demonstrated that varicella vaccine is 70% to 90% effective for preventing varicella and more than 95% effective for preventing severe varicella.[18]
Furthermore, follow-up evaluations took place in the United States of children immunized that revealed protection for at least 11 years. Also, studies were conducted in Japan which indicated protection for at least 20 years.[18]
People who do not develop enough protection when they get the vaccine may develop a mild case of the disease when in close contact with a person with chickenpox. In these cases, people show very little sign of illness. This has been the case of children who get the vaccine in their early childhood and later have contact with children with chickenpox. Some of these children may develop a mild chickenpox also known as breakthrough disease.[19]
The long-term duration of protection from varicella vaccine is unknown, but there are now persons vaccinated more than thirty years ago with no evidence of waning immunity, while others have become vulnerable in as few as six years. Assessments of duration of immunity are complicated in an environment where natural disease is still common, which typically leads to an overestimation of effectiveness, and we are only now entering an era in the U.S. where the long-term efficacy of varicella vaccine can be accurately gauged.[20]
Mortality due to primary varicella has declined significantly in countries which make wide use of the varicella vaccine.[3][15] Zoster (shingles) most often occurs in the elderly. Multiple studies have not observed any effect on zoster incidence. This may be because infants and children immunized in varicella vaccination programs have not yet reached the age where zoster typically occurs. It is likewise too early to observe the effect on postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
It has been claimed that adult shingles may increase after introduction of varicella vaccine.[21][22][23] While research using computer models has tended to support the hypothesis that vaccination programs would increase incidence of zoster in the short term, the evidence from epidemiological studies is mixed,[24][25] and increases observed in zoster incidence in some studies may not be related to vaccination programs, as the incidence increases prior to the varicella vaccine program being initiated.[26]
Regarding the controversy, Center for Disease Control asserts
"Chickenpox vaccines contain weakened live VZV, which may cause latent (dormant) infection. The vaccine-strain VZV can reactivate later in life and cause shingles. However, the risk of getting shingles from vaccine-strain VZV after chickenpox vaccination is much lower than getting shingles after natural infection with wild-type VZV. For more information about how natural infection with wild-type VZV causes shingles, see Shingles Overview. Lab testing is needed to determine if a person got shingles from vaccine-strain VZV or from wild-type VZV." [27]
The Varicella Zoster vaccine is made from the Oka/Merck strain of live attenuated varicella virus. The virus was initially obtained from a child with natural varicella, introduced into human embryonic lung cell cultures, adapted to and propagated in embryonic guinea pig cell cultures, and finally propagated in human diploid cell cultures.
Additional controversy has arisen because cell lines derived from aborted fetal tissue were used in its development, and thus violates the ethics and beliefs of people who oppose the use of aborted fetal tissue in medical research.[28]
Duration of immunity[edit]
Some vaccinated children have been found to lose their protective antibody in as little as five to eight years.[29] However, according to the World Health Organization: "After observation of study populations for periods of up to 20 years in Japan and 10 years in the United States, more than 90% of immunocompetent persons who were vaccinated as children were still protected from varicella." However, since only one out of five Japanese children were vaccinated, the annual exposure of these vaccinees to children with natural chickenpox boosted the vaccinees' immune system. In the United States, where universal varicella vaccination has been practiced, the majority of children no longer receive exogenous (outside) boosting, thus, their cell-mediated immunity to VZV (varicella zoster virus) wanes—necessitating booster chickenpox vaccinations.[2] Some persons exposed to the virus after vaccine can experience milder cases of chicken pox (and usually then harbor both the attenuated vaccine or oka strain as well as the wild type or natural chickenpox strain which are both subject to reactivation as shingles).[30]
Catching "wild" chickenpox as a child has been thought to commonly result in lifelong immunity. Indeed, parents have deliberately ensured this in the past with "pox parties". Historically, exposure of adults to contagious children has boosted their immunity, reducing the risk of shingles.[22]
The CDC and corresponding national organisations are carefully observing the failure rate which may be high compared with other modern vaccines—large outbreaks of chickenpox having occurred at schools which required their children to be vaccinated.[31][32][33][34][35]
Immunocompromised patients[edit]
The mortality rate in immunocompromised patients with disseminated herpes zoster is 5–15%, with most deaths from pneumonia. Vaccines are less effective among these high-risk patients, as well as being more dangerous because they contain attenuated live virus (see last footnote). In a study performed on children with an impaired immune system, 30% had lost the antibody after five years, and 8% had already caught wild chickenpox in that five-year period.[36]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b Lopez, Adriana; Schmid, Scott; Bialek, Stephanie (2011). "Chapter 17: Varicella". In Roush, Sandra W.; McIntyre, Lynne; Baldy, Linda M. Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (5th ed.). Atlanta GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- ^ a b The Vaccines and other Biologicals department (May 2003). "Varicella vaccine". WHO. Archived from the original on 2006-08-13. Retrieved 2006-08-18. — which includes:
"Varicella vaccines: WHO position paper" (PDF). Weekly Epidemiological Record 73 (32): 241–248. 1998. PMID 9715106. - ^ a b Seward JF, Watson BM, Peterson CL, et al. (2002). "Varicella disease after introduction of varicella vaccine in the United States, 1995–2000". JAMA 287 (5): 606–11. doi:10.1001/jama.287.5.606. PMID 11829699. Retrieved 2006-05-01.
- ^ Nguyen HQ, Jumaan AO, Seward JF (2005). "Decline in mortality due to varicella after implementation of varicella vaccination in the United States" (PDF). N Engl J Med 352 (5): 450–8. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa042271. PMID 15689583. Retrieved 2006-05-01.
- ^ Patel MS, Gebremariam A, Davis MM (2008). "Herpes zoster-related hospital admissons and expenditures before and after introduction of the varicella vaccine in the United States". Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 29 (12): 1157–1163. doi:10.1086/591975. PMID 18999945.
- ^ Yih WK, Brooks DR, Lett SM, Jumaan AO, Zhang Z. Clements KM, Seward JF (2005). "The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts as measured by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 1998–2003". BMC Public Health 5: 68–68. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-5-68. PMC 1177968. PMID 15960856.
- ^ Yawn BP, Saddier P, Wollan PC, St Sauver JL, Kurland MJ, Sy LS (2007). "A Population-Based Study of the Incidence and Complication Rates of Herpes Zoster Before Zoster Vaccine Introduction". Mayo Clin Proc. 82 (11): 1341–1349. doi:10.4065/82.11.1341. PMID 17976353.
- ^ Szabo, Liz (2011-07-25). "Vaccine has nearly eliminated chickenpox deaths in children". USA Today.
- ^ "UK Health Protection Agency (Prevention section)". Hpa.org.uk. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
- ^ "Who should get this vaccine?". Retrieved May 5, 2010.
- ^ "Who should not receive the varicella vaccine?". Retrieved May 5, 2010.
- ^ "What side effects have been reported with this vaccine?". Retrieved May 5, 2010.
- ^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ "Vaccine Information for the public and health professionals". Retrieved May 5, 2010.
- ^ a b c Wise RP, Salive ME, Braun MM, et al. (2000). "Postlicensure safety surveillance for varicella vaccine". JAMA 284 (10): 1271–9. doi:10.1001/jama.284.10.1271. PMID 10979114.
- ^ Quinlivan MA, Gershon AA, Nichols RA, La Russa P, Steinberg SP, Breuer J (2006). "Vaccine Oka Varicella-zoster virus genotypes are monomorphic in single vesicles and polymorphic in respiratory tract secretions". J Infect Dis 193 (7): 927–30. doi:10.1086/500835. PMID 16518753.
- ^ For example:
- Wrensch M, Weinberg A, Wiencke J, Miike R, Barger G, Kelsey K (2001). "Prevalence of antibodies to four herpesviruses among adults with glioma and controls". Am J Epidem 154 (2): 161–5. doi:10.1093/aje/154.2.161. PMID 11447050.
- Naseri A, Good WV, Cunningham ET Jr (2003). "Herpes zoster virus sclerokeratitis and anterior uveitis in a child following varicella vaccination". Am J Ophthalmol 135 (3): 415–7. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01957-8. PMID 12614776.
- Schwab J, Ryan M (2004). "Varicella zoster virus meningitis in a previously immunized child". Pediatrics 114 (2): e273–4. doi:10.1542/peds.114.2.e273. PMID 15286270.
- Bronstein DE, Cotliar J, Votava-Smith JK, Powell MZ, Miller MJ, Cherry JD (2005). "Recurrent papular urticaria after varicella immunization in a 15-month-old girl". Pediatr Infect Dis J 24 (3): 269–70. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000154330.47509.42. PMID 15750467.
- Binder NR, Holland GN, Hosea S, Silverberg ML (2005). "Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in an otherwise-healthy child". J Aapos 9 (6): 597–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2005.06.009. PMID 16414532.
- ^ a b "American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Varicella vaccine update". Pediatrics 105 (1 Pt 1): 136–41. January 2000. PMID 10617719.
- ^ "Varicella Vaccine (Chickenpox)". Retrieved May 5, 2010.
- ^ Goldman GS (2005). "Universal varicella vaccination: efficacy trends and effect on herpes zoster". Int J Toxicol 24 (4): 205–213. doi:10.1080/10915810591000659. PMID 16126614.
- ^ Yih WK, Brooks DR, Lett SM, Jumaan AO, Zhang Z, Clements KM, Seward JF (2005). "The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts as measured by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 1998–2003". BMC Public Health 5: 68–68. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-5-68. PMC 1177968. PMID 15960856.
- ^ a b Jack (2005). "Chickenpox Vaccine Linked with Shingles Epidemic". HerpesDoctor. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
- ^ Brisson M, Gay NJ, Edmunds WJ, Andrews NJ (2002). "Exposure to varicella boosts immunity to Herpes-zoster: implications for mass vaccination against varicella". Vaccine 20 (19–20): 2500–7. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00180-9. PMID 12057605.
- ^ Leung, Jessica; Rafael Harpaz, Noelle-Angelique Molinari, Aisha Jumaan, and Fangjun Zhou (2011-02-01). "Herpes Zoster Incidence Among Insured Persons in the United States, 1993–2006: Evaluation of Impact of Varicella Vaccination". Clinical Infectious Diseases 52 (3): 332–340. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq077.
- ^ Tanuseputro, Peter; Brandon Zagorski, Kevin J. Chan, Jeffrey C. Kwong (2011-11-03). "Population-based incidence of herpes zoster after introduction of a publicly funded varicella vaccination program". Vaccine 29 (47): 8580–8584. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.024. PMID 21939721.
- ^ Carville, Kylie; Michaela A. Riddell, Heath A. Kelly (2010-03-16). "A decline in varicella but an uncertain impact on zoster following varicella vaccination in Victoria, Australia". Vaccine 28 (13): 2532–2538. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.01.036. PMID 20117265.
- ^ . Center for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/vaccines/varicella/. Missing or empty
(help) - ^ "NIP: Vacsafe/Concerns/Gen/Human Cell Cultures in Manufacturing Vaccines". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-02-12. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
- ^ Chaves SS, Gargiullo P, Zhang JX, et al. (March 2007). "Loss of vaccine-induced immunity to varicella over time". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (11): 1121–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa064040. PMID 17360990.
- ^ "General questions about the disease". Varicella Disease (Chickenpox). CDCP. December 20, 2001. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Tugwell BD, Lee LE, Gillette H, Lorber EM, Hedberg K, Cieslak PR (March 2004). "Chickenpox outbreak in a highly vaccinated school population". Pediatrics 113 (3 Pt 1): 455–9. doi:10.1542/peds.113.3.455. PMID 14993534.
- ^ http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/113464189674151.xml&coll=1
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ By HealthiNation. "Yahoo! Health". Health.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2011-02-08.[dead link]
- ^ Pirofski L, Casadevall A (1 January 1998). "Use of Licensed Vaccines for Active Immunization of the Immunocompromised Host". Clin Microbiol Rev 11 (1): 1–26. PMC 121373. PMID 9457426.
External links[edit]
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (March 2012). "FDA approval of an extended period for administering VariZIG for postexposure prophylaxis of varicella". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 61 (12): 212. PMID 22456121.


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In the first episode of the new Wallander series, Kenneth Branagh made sure he wrote the word smile on his script. I figured it was the one opportunity in three films that I get to do it, so I better remember how to move my muscles upwards, the actor says with a laugh as he mugs a strained smile.
For anyone familiar with the Swedish noir detective from Henning Mankells moody and contemplative crime thrillers, the central character Kurt Wallander does little smiling. A solitary figure with a dogged and singular determination, the seemingly perennially depressed small-town cop solves grisly crimes in a grimly beautiful Swedish countryside. Through nine books, he has become a beloved figure, and while there have been Swedish film and TV interpretations of Mankells books, its British actor Branagh who has memorably imprinted the character worldwide through a limited TV series, the third of which premiers Sunday as part of Masterpiece Mystery on PBS stations.
There is great affection towards the character, says Branagh as he sips a cup of hot English breakfast tea on a balcony overlooking the pool at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Los Angeles after a long day of interviews. There is no machismo swagger about him. He has this open-wound quality, and he takes all of these crimes personally. He has a sense of quiet but intense moral outrage. Hes appalled and surprised when people commit these terrible acts of cruelty, and he has an empathy for the victim that is almost dangerous to him.
In the opening episode of Wallanders third season, An Event in Autumn, based on Mankells little-known short story The Grave, it seems the taciturn inspector has found peace and contentment with a new relationship and a new house by the sea. That is, until his dog digs up the remains of a human jaw in the backyard, and he becomes obsessed with solving the mystery, risking not only his relationship but putting his partner recklessly in danger. Its an interesting turn, Branagh says. There is no forgiving him for it and in a way it informs the following two films (The Dogs of Riga and Before the Frost). The question is, if you do something like that, in a catastrophic misjudgment that causes such tragic consequences for someone else, do you deserve happiness after that?
I think he has done some of the best acting he has ever done in this Wallander, says Rebecca Eaton, executive producer of PBS Masterpiece series, who also helped produce Wallander. Kurt goes through a big change. Its a dark emotional journey, but because its Kenneth who is so accessible as a warm, smart man, you want to stay with him as he goes through it.
The much-lauded thespian looking fresh, fit and compact in a neat blue suit, admits it was a character that nearly consumed him. Its a role that is quite naked and you cant help but have it seep into your being, Branagh says. For the first couple of series, I was pretty isolated and living in a cottage by the sea and seemed to be cold all the time, feeling upset and close to tears, but this third time I have been much better at dealing with it and I was much healthier in myself.
Branagh also credits meditation, which he now does twice a day, with helping him balance his obsessive work ethic. That was quite a significant moment of change for me, he says. I didnt quite feel the pressure to be with the part all the time, or I could learn to resist it if it was happening.
He takes full responsibility for what he is doing, and that is one of the many things I admire about him, says author Henning Mankell, speaking by phone from his home on the Swedish coast. He has showed me many new things about this character. Its not that I have found that I cant write about Wallander anymore because Kenneth has taken it over, but he gives me a lot of ideas. Its more in the rhythm of how he portrays him – the way he is thinking, how (he) is laughing, more subtle things.
Mankells final Wallander novel, The Troubled Man was published in English last year (and will be filmed in two parts for the final Wallander series), but Branagh hinted that the novelist may be tempted to write more.
I would prefer not to say anything at this point, Mankell says hesitantly. I stopped because I did not want to write out of routine. It was out of respect for the reader and for myself, but I do feel very inspired by what Kenneth gives to the character.
The author wont be drawn into a discussion of the Nordic noir trend following the recent explosion of popularity of the Stieg Larsson novels and adaptations of TV series like The Killing. You could always find a clever answer, but I think its a coincidence and I refuse to make a story of this without any real arguments, he says curtly.
I think theres something about the severity of the weather that is very gripping and isolating and gives a dangerous feeling aside from the human violence, Branagh says. I dont know why particularly at this time its so gripped us, but as long as the novels or the television adaptations or films are good, Im sure it will continue.
Branagh who recently received the honor of a British knighthood, has at age 51, become an adept chameleon, easily moving from theater to film to television in front and behind the camera. Nominated last year for an Academy Award for his deft portrayal of Sir Laurence Olivier in My Week With Marilyn, he will next direct a reboot of Tom Clancys Jack Ryan franchise, this time starring Chris Pine.
I have never done an action-spy thriller, so this feels like a nice departure for me, he says. This one is quite different to the previous four films that featured the character. Its an origin story not based on any of Clancys books. Its about what brought Jack Ryan into the CIA.
For the working-class Belfast lad, who stripped his Irish brogue early in life to avoid bullying in an English school, he admits that the idea of becoming an actor was more like a revolution than an evolution. But when he burst onto the world stage in 1989 with his gritty film adaptation of Shakespeares Henry V, which won an Academy Award and was nominated for two other Oscars, he came under fire, particularly in the British media for his brashness.
My youthfulness was equated with being egomaniacal and it really became annoying to a lot of people, but I was really just a grateful young actor who couldnt believe that all this was happening beyond my wildest dreams, he says.
Somebody said to me the other day, You used to be that Mr. Shakespeare and now you are Mr. Swedish misery, he laughs. Maybe I will do a sitcom sometime in the future and then I will be Mr. Smiley.

subset: commoncrawl


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Dim sum
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2011) |
Dim sum | |||||||||||||||||
Typical dim sum breakfast in Hong Kong.
From left to right and top to bottom: har gau, jasmine tea, chicken and vegetable congee, steamed dumpling, rice noodle roll (on plate), cha siu baau |
Simplified Chinese | 点心 | ||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 點心 | ||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | diǎn xin | ||||||||||||||||
Cantonese Jyutping | dim2 sam1 | ||||||||||||||||
Dim sum /ˈdɪmˈsʌm/ refers to a style of Cantonese food prepared as small bite-sized or individual portions of food traditionally served in small steamer baskets or on small plates. Dim sum is also well known for the unique way it is served in some restaurants, whereby fully cooked and ready-to-serve dim sum dishes are carted around the restaurant for customers to choose their orders while seated at their tables.
Eating dim sum at a restaurant is usually known in Cantonese as going to "drink tea" (yum cha, 飲茶), as tea is typically served with dim sum.
Dim sum is usually linked with the older tradition from yum cha (tea tasting), which has its roots in travelers on the ancient Silk Road needing a place to rest. Thus teahouses were established along the roadside. Rural farmers, exhausted after working hard in the fields, would go to teahouses for a relaxing afternoon of tea. At first, it was considered inappropriate to combine tea with food, because people believed it would lead to excessive weight gain. People later discovered that tea can aid in digestion, so teahouse owners began adding various snacks.[citation needed][1]
The unique culinary art of dim sum originated with the Cantonese in southern China, who over the centuries transformed yum cha from a relaxing respite to a loud and happy dining experience. In Hong Kong, and in most cities and towns in Guangdong province, many restaurants start serving dim sum as early as five in the morning. It is a tradition for the elderly to gather to eat dim sum after morning exercises. For many in southern China, yum cha is treated as a weekend family day. More traditional dim sum restaurants typically serve dim sum until mid-afternoon. However, in modern society it has become common place for restaurants to serve dim sum at dinner time, various dim sum items are even sold as take-out for students and office workers on the go.
While dim sum (literally meaning: touch the heart) was originally not a main meal, only a snack, and therefore only meant to touch the heart, it is now a staple of Cantonese dining culture, especially in Hong Kong.
A traditional dim sum brunch includes various types of steamed buns such as cha siu baau, dumplings and rice noodle rolls (cheong fun), which contain a range of ingredients, including beef, chicken, pork, prawns and vegetarian options. Many dim sum restaurants also offer plates of steamed green vegetables, roasted meats, congee porridge and other soups. Dessert dim sum is also available and many places offer the customary egg tart.
Dim sum can be cooked by steaming and frying, among other methods. The serving sizes are usually small and normally served as three or four pieces in one dish. It is customary to order family style, sharing dishes among all members of the dining party. Because of the small portions, people can try a wide variety of food.
Dim sum brunch restaurants have a wide variety of dishes, usually several dozen. Among the standard fare of dim sum are the following:
- Gao, or Dumpling (Chinese: 餃; 餃子; Cantonese Yale: gaau2; gaau2 ji2): Jiao zi is a standard in most teahouses. They are made of ingredients wrapped in a translucent rice flour or wheat starch skin, and are different from jiaozi found in other parts of China. Though common, steamed rice-flour skins are quite difficult to make. Thus, it is a good demonstration of the chef's artistry to make these translucent dumplings. There are also dumplings with vegetarian ingredients, such as tofu and pickled cabbage.
- Har gow (shrimp dumplings) (蝦餃 haa1 gaau2): A delicate steamed dumpling with whole or chopped-up shrimp filling and thin wheat starch skin.
- Teochew-style dumplings (潮州粉果 ciu4 zau1 fan2 gwo2): A dumpling said to have originated from the Chaozhou (Teochew) prefecture of eastern Guangdong province, it contains peanuts, garlic, chives, pork, dried shrimp, and Chinese mushrooms in a thick dumpling wrapper made from glutinous rice flour or Tang flour. It is usually served with a small dish of chili oil.
- Guotie (pot stickers) (鍋貼, wo1 tip3): Northern Chinese style of dumpling (steamed and then pan-fried jiaozi), usually with meat and cabbage filling. Note that although potstickers are sometimes served in dim sum restaurants, they are not considered traditional Cantonese dim sum.
- Shaomai (燒賣 siu1 maai6): Small steamed dumplings with either pork, prawns or both inside a thin wheat flour wrapper. Usually topped off with crab roe and mushroom.
- Haam Seoi Gaau (鹹水餃 haam4 seoi2 gaau2, salt-water (i.e. savoury) stuffed-dumpling, alternatively 鹹水角 haam4 seoi2 gok3): deep fried oval-shaped dumpling made with rice-flour and filled with pork and chopped vegetables. The rice-flour surrounding is sweet and sticky, while the inside is slightly salty.
- Dumpling soup (灌湯餃 gun3 tong1 gaau2): soup with one or two big dumplings.
- Buns (包 baau1 or 包子 baau1 zi2): Baked or steamed, these fluffy buns made from wheat flour are filled with food items ranging from meat to vegetables to sweet bean pastes.
- Char siu baau (叉燒包 caa1 siu1 baau1): the most popular bun with a Cantonese barbecued pork filling. It can be either steamed to be fluffy and white or baked with a light sugar glaze to produce a smooth golden-brown crust.
- Shanghai steamed buns (上海小籠包 seong6 hoi2 siu2 lung4 baau1): These dumplings are filled with meat or seafood and are famous for their flavor and rich broth inside. These dumplings are originally Shanghainese so they are not considered traditional Cantonese dim sum. They are typically sold with pork as a filling.
- Mantou (饅頭 maan4 tau4): plain steamed bun like cha siu baau without filling stuff.
- Phoenix claws (鳳爪 fung6 zaau2): These are chicken feet, deep fried, boiled, marinated in a black bean sauce and then steamed. This results in a texture that is light and fluffy (due to the frying), while moist and tender. Fung zau are typically dark red in color. One may also sometimes find plain steamed chicken feet served with a vinegar dipping sauce. This version is known as "White Cloud Phoenix Claws" (白雲鳳爪 baak6 wan4 fung6 jaau2).
- Steamed meatball (牛肉球 ngau4 juk6 kau4): Finely ground beef is shaped into balls and then steamed with preserved orange peel and served on top of a thin bean-curd skin.
- Spare ribs: In the west, it is mostly known as spare ribs collectively. In the east, it is Char siu when roasted red, or (排骨 paai4 gwat1) when roasted black. It is typically steamed with douchi or fermented black beans and sometimes sliced chilli.
- Lotus leaf rice (糯米雞 lo6 mai5 gai1): Glutinous rice is wrapped in a lotus leaf into a triangular or rectangular shape. It contains egg yolk, dried scallop, mushroom, crispy water chestnut, and meat (usually pork and chicken). These ingredients are steamed with the rice and although the leaf is not eaten, its flavour is infused during the steaming. Lo mai gai is a kind of rice dumpling. A similar but lighter variant is known as "Pearl Chicken" (珍珠雞 zan1 zyu1 gai1).
- Congee (粥 zuk1): Thick, sticky rice porridge served with different savory items. The porridge one will see most often is "Duck Egg and Pork Porridge" (皮蛋瘦肉粥 "pei4 daan6 sau3 juk6 zuk1")
- Sou (酥 sou1): A type of flaky pastry. Char siu is one of the most common ingredient used in dim sum style sou. Another common pastry seen in restaurants are called "Salty Pastry" (鹹水角 "haam4 seoi2 gok3") which is made with flour and seasoned pork.
- Taro dumpling (芋角 wu6 gok3): This is made with mashed taro, stuffed with diced shiitake mushrooms, shrimp and pork, deep-fried in crispy batter.
- Crispy fried squid (魷魚鬚 jau4 jyu4 sou1): Similar to fried calamari, the battered squid is deep-fried. A variation of this dish may be prepared with a salt and pepper mix. In some dim sum restaurants, octopus is used instead of squid.
- Rolls (捲 gyun2)
- Egg roll (春捲 ceon1 gyun2): a roll consisting of various types of vegetables – such as sliced carrot, cabbage, mushroom and wood ear fungus – and sometimes meat are rolled inside a thin flour skin and deep fried.
- Rice noodle rolls or coeng fan (腸粉 coeng4 fan2): These are wide rice noodles that are steamed and then rolled. They are often filled with different types of meats or vegetables inside but can be served without any filling. Rice noodle rolls are fried after they are steamed and then sprinkled with sesame seeds. Popular fillings include beef, dough fritter, shrimp, and barbecued pork. Often topped with a sweetened soy sauce.
- Tofu skin roll (腐皮捲 fu6 pei4 gyun2): a roll made of Tofu skin
- Cakes (糕 gou1)
- Turnip cake (蘿蔔糕 lo4 baak6 gou1): cakes are made from mashed daikon radish mixed with bits of dried shrimp and pork sausage that are steamed and then cut into slices and pan-fried.
- Taro cake (芋頭糕 wu6 tao4 gou1): cakes made of taro.
- Water chestnut cake (馬蹄糕 maa5 tai2 gou1): cakes made of crispy water chestnut. It is mostly see-through and clear. Some restaurants also serve a variation of water chestnut cake made with bamboo juice.
- Chien chang go (千層糕 cin cang gou): "Thousand-layer cake", a dim sum dessert made up of many layers of sweet egg dough.
- Egg tart (蛋撻 daan taat): composed of a base made from either a flaky puff pastry type dough or a type of non-flaky cookie dough with an egg custard filling, which is then baked. Some high class restaurants put bird's nest on top of the custard. In other places egg tarts can be made of a crust and a filling of egg whites and some where it is a crust with egg yolks. Egg tarts now come in a variety of different flavors, taro, coffee, and strawberry for example. 葡撻 (po taat) is a Portuguese styled egg custard, common in Hong Kong, with origins in Macau, and has a layer of burnt sugar on the surface.
- Jin deui or Matuan (煎堆 or 麻糰): Especially popular at Chinese New Year, a chewy dough filled with red bean paste, rolled in sesame seeds, and deep fried.
- Dou fu fa (豆腐花): A dessert consisting of silky tofu served with a sweet ginger or jasmine flavored syrup.
- Mango pudding (芒果布甸 mong guo bou din): A sweet, rich mango-flavoured pudding usually with large chunks of fresh mango; often served with a topping of evaporated milk.
- Sweet cream buns (奶皇包 naai5 wong4 baau1): Steamed buns with milk custard filling.
- Malay Steamed Sponge Cake (馬拉糕 ma5 laai1 gou1): A very soft steamed sponge cake flavoured with molasses.
- Longan Tofu: almond-flavoured tofu served with longans, usually cold.
Tea service[edit]
The drinking of tea is as important to dim sum as the food. The type of tea to serve on the table is typically one of the first things the server asks dining customers. Several types of tea are served during dim sum :
Chrysanthemum tea – Chrysanthemum tea does not actually contain any tea leaves. Instead it is a flower-based tisane made from chrysanthemum flowers of the species Chrysanthemum morifolium or Chrysanthemum indicum, which are most popular in East Asia. To prepare the tea, chrysanthemum flowers (usually dried) are steeped in hot water (usually 90 to 95 °C (194 to 203 °F) after cooling from a boil) in either a teapot, cup, or glass. However, Chrysanthemum flowers are often paired with Pu-erh tea, and this is often referred to as guk pou or guk bou (菊普; pinyin: jú pǔ).
Green tea – Freshly picked leaves only go through heating and drying processes, but do not undergo fermentation. This enables the leaves to keep their original green color and retain most natural substances like polyphenols and chlorophyll contained within the leaves. This kind of tea is produced all over China and is the most popular category of tea. Representative varieties include Dragon Well (Long Jing) and Biluochun from Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces respectively.
Oolong tea – The tea leaves are partially fermented, imparting to them the characteristics of both green and black teas. Its taste is more similar to green tea than black tea, but has a less "grassy" flavor than green tea. The three major oolong-tea producing areas are on the southeast coast of China e.g. Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan.
Bo-Lei tea (Cantonese) or Pu-erh tea (Mandarin) – The tea has undergone years of fermentation, giving them a unique earthy flavor. This variety of tea is usually compressed into different shapes like bricks, discs and bowls.
Scented teas – There can be various mixtures of flowers with green tea, black tea or oolong tea. Flowers used include jasmine, gardenia, magnolia, grapefruit flower, sweet-scented osmanthus and rose. There are strict rules about the proportion of flowers to tea. Jasmine tea is the most popular type of scented tea, and is often the most popular type of tea served at yum cha establishments.
The above teas are produced in most of China. Chinese tea bushes (Camellia sinensis) are cultivated in the mountain areas of tropical and subtropical regions or wherever there is a proper climate, sufficient humidity, adequate sunshine and fertile soil. Chinese tea is classified in many ways, e.g., quality, method of preparation or place of production. The main processing methods include fermentation (oxidation), heating, drying and addition of other ingredients like flowers, herbs or fruits. These help to develop the special flavor of the raw tea leaves.
Various preparation methods mean that different teas contain different bioactive substances. For example, green tea undergoes limited processing so it retains a relatively high content of natural ingredients, meaning that green tea has stronger anti-aging, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial properties. Oolong tea, which is partially fermented, is quite potent at breaking down protein and fat, which aids weight loss. Red tea that has undergone the full fermentation process has lost 90% of its polyphenols but retains its high caffeine content.[2]
Restaurants and pricing[edit]
One aspect unique to dim sum is its method of serving in specialized dim sum brunch restaurants or teahouses. Here, dishes are pushed around the restaurant in steam-heated carts, with servers offering the dishes to customers. Pricing of dishes at these types of restaurants may vary, but traditionally the dishes are classified as "small", "medium", "large", or "special" (a menu item not typically considered dim sum fare, such as a plate of chow mein). For example, a basket of dumplings may be considered a small dish, while a bowl of congee or plate of lo mai gai may be considered a large dish. Dishes are then priced accordingly by size, with orders typically recorded with a rubber stamp onto a bill card that remains on the table. Servers in some restaurants use distinctive stamps, so that sales statistics for each server can be recorded.
Another way of pricing the food consumed is to use the number and color of the dishes left on the patron's table as a guide, similar to the method used in some Japanese conveyor belt sushi restaurants. Some newer restaurants offer a "conveyor belt dim sum" format, similar to the conveyor belt sushi eating places.
Other Chinese restaurants may not offer dim sum on moving platforms, and instead take orders and serve a la carte, in a manner similar to a Spanish tapas restaurant. Prices of each dim sum dish may then vary depending on the actual dish ordered.
There are common tea-drinking and eating practices or etiquette that Chinese people commonly recognize and use. These are practiced not only during dim sum meals but during other types of Chinese meals as well.
It is customary to pour tea for others before filling one's own cup during a meal. When pouring tea for people on one's left side, the right hand should be used to hold the teapot and vice versa. A common custom among the Cantonese is to thank the person pouring the tea by tapping the bent index finger (if you are single), or by tapping both the index and middle finger (if you are married), which symbolizes the gesture of bowing.[3][4]
This custom is said to be analogous to the ritual of bowing to someone in appreciation. The origin of this gesture is described anecdotally: an unidentified Emperor went to yum cha with his friends, outside the palace; not wanting to attract attention to himself, the Emperor was disguised. While at yum cha, the Emperor poured his companion some tea, which was a great honor. The companion, not wanting to give away the Emperor's identity in public by bowing, instead tapped his index and middle finger on the table as a sign of appreciation.[5]
Given the number of times tea is poured in a meal, the tapping is a timesaver in loud restaurants or lively company, as an individual being served might be speaking to someone else or have food in their mouth. If a diner does not wish a refill being offered at that time, the fingers are used to "wave off" or politely decline more tea. This does not preclude taking more fresh hot tea at a later time during the meal.
Leaving the lid balanced on the side of the tea pot is a common way of attracting a server's attention, and indicates a silent request that the tea pot be refilled.
Fast food[edit]
Certain kinds of instant dim sum have come onto the market in Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore. People can enjoy snacks after a 3-minute defrosting and reheating of the instant dim sum in a microwave oven.
In many cities, "street dim sum" is sold from mobile street carts, and usually consists of dumplings or meatballs steamed in a large container, but served on a bamboo skewer. The customer can dip the whole skewer into a sauce bowl and then eat while standing or walking.
Dim sum can be purchased from major grocery stores in most countries with a Chinese population. These dim sum can be easily cooked by steaming or microwaving. Major grocery stores in Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Mainland China, Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, Australia, United States, and Canada have a variety of frozen or fresh dim sum stocked at the shelves. These include dumplings, siu maai, bao, cheong fun, lo bak go and steamed spare ribs.
In Singapore, as well as other countries, dim sum can also be purchased from convenience stores, coffee shops and other eateries. There is also halal certified dim sum available (with chicken taking the place of pork) which is also very popular in Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei.
See also[edit]
- Cantonese cuisine
- Chinese pastry
- Cuisine of Hong Kong
- Dim sim, an unrelated Australian dumpling
- List of dumplings
- Meze
- Tapas
- Thali
- ^ Parkinson, Rhonda. "Delicious Dim Sum – Chinese Brunch". About.com-Chinese Food. About.com. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- ^ "Types of Chinese Tea". Shen-nong.com. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "Tea food". Taste of tea.Scent of leaves. Taste of tea.Scent of leaves. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- ^ "The Chinese Person's Guide to Dim Sum Etiquette: Tapping to Say Thanks!". All about the Chinese. All about the Chinese. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- ^ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture". Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dim sum. |
- Hong Kong Tourism Board Guide to Dim Sum[dead link]
- Dim Sum Guide and Photos
- Hong Kong Dim Sum Photos
- Dim Sum Photos at Semicultured.com


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casa degli artisti | umbria | todi
sleeps 8
doubles 2
twins 2
singles 0
bathrooms 2
guest bathrooms 0
Set in the splendid countryside surrounding the famous medieval town of Todi, Casa degli Artisti is situated in a dominant position at the top of one of the highest hills in the area. From the highest point, the antique ruins around Todi are clearly visible. Inside the farmhouse, features such as original stone walls have been kept and compliment the other recently painted walls. The 'country' style furniture is tasteful and simple. A short distance from the farmhouse, is the swimming pool and next to it a spacious patio/balcony which has been comfortably furnished making it ideal for dining out under the stars. The parking area is within the property. To reach the farmhouse you go through some splendid countryside, considered one of the most beautiful areas in Umbria. The farmhouse is located by a well-maintained gravel road of approx 400 metres. There are some excellent local restaurants only a few kilometres from the villa. ground floor 1 double bedroom with fireplace, which leads directly to the swimming pool area, 1 twin bedroom, 1 bathroom with bathtub. Stairs without handrail leading to the first floor. first floor entrance via outside stairs. Small patio with wooden made furniture for dining, living/dining room with kitchen area and fireplace, panoramic view of Todi, 1 twin bedroom which leads to the ground floor; going through this twin room you reach 1 double bedroom and 1 bathroom with bathtub. amenitiesfood shops 3km/2miles, wine tasting, restaurants and spa 5km/3miles, horse riding 8km/5miles, bike rentals 9km/5,5miles, supermarket 12km/7miles, tennis court 12km/7miles, ballon ride for 300 Euro per person (min. 2 people), take-off points are Lake Trasimeno, Assisi or Todi. Nearest train station at Ponte Rio 10 minutes drive or Orvieto 45 minutes drive.notesno pets allowed, smoking villa. Steps without handrail only suitable for older children. A half paved, half gravel road leading to the villa.main distancesTodi 9km/5,5miles, Orvieto 35km/22miles, Spoleto 44km/27miles, Perugia 50km/31miles, Assisi 65km/40miles, Arezzo 135km/83miles, Rome 140km/87miles, Siena 150km/93miles, Florence 190km/118miles.airportsPerugia 50km/31miles, Rome 170km/105miles, Florence 190km/ 118miles.notable features• panoramic views - superb hilltop location• restaurants, horse riding, tennis court all nearby |
2014 weekly rates8 people |
24May-28June | 2.330,00 | *3.227,05 | **1.942,29 | |||||
28June-12July | 2.580,00 | *3.573,30 | **2.150,69 | |||||
12July-30Aug | 2.920,00 | *4.044,20 | **2.434,11 | |||||
30Aug-13Sept | 2.170,00 | *3.005,45 | **1.808,91 | |||||
other periods | 1.580,00 | *2.188,30 | **1.317,09 | |||||
easter.xmas | 2.170,00 | *3.005,45 | **1.808,91 | |||||
security deposit € | 700,00 | *969,50 | **583,52 | |||||
* For an indication of the weekly price in US Dollars please have a look to this reference rate: 1.385 USD. ** For an indication of the weekly price in GBP please have a look to this reference rate: 0.8336 GBP. |
includedweekly rental, all taxes, electricity up to 330kwh, water & hot water, weekly change of linen, change of towels twice a week, final cleaning on Saturday, internet connectionnot includedheating, telephone, cooking service 16 Euro per hour, extra maid service 14 Euro per hour, baby sitter 12 Euro per hour |
Free | Booked |
2014 | next year > | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Free | Booked |
DETAILED ENQUIRY casa degli artisti
Please complete the following form to send your request to Home in Italy. We will contact you promptly with additional details and availability. |
No previous registration is needed. All the comments will be published after web proprietor?s authorization, by respecting the freedom of opinion. ? post a comment for this villa |
posted by Justin |
Mon August 12, 2013 |
town | country Hong Kong |
n.a. My family had a great time at this property in Umbria. Its somewhat remote at a 15 min drive from the small town of todi but that\'s what we were looking for. Beautiful scenery and a fantastic view of the umbrian hills from the house, I will miss our time there. Great place to relax for a week or two. I\'d highly recommend the chef we hired- Rita, she was fantastic (Mario set her up for us). One note, this property is not ideal for those with children under 5 as the stairs from the second to first floor have no railing, its a straight drop down. Other than that we loved the place and would go again. |
posted by Thomas Brown |
Tue May 11, 2010 |
town | country Omaha, NE |
good Lovely views and an excellent location. |
posted by alan sheppard |
Wed August 20, 2008 |
town | country stratford upon avon uk |
very good A wonderful villa in a beautiful position. Todi and the area is excellent. This villa has everything for a relaxing pool side holiday with a little sightseeing thrown in. As a chef I like cooking and experimenting with local produe so this was also great. The kitchen was well equipped and pleasant to work in. The one negative was the power supply which was very frustrating as it kepy cutting out when we were cooking. Also the showers leave a little to be desired with a the water tank being a bit small for 7 adults. Other than that a great place to go. |
posted by C.Couret |
Tue July 31, 2007 |
town | country Paris, France |
good Hi Sonia The Courets informed me that they had a lovely holiday in both villas (Casa degli Artisti & Poilio) but would advise that the owner of Casa degli Artisti put mosquito screens on the windows. |
posted by Rina and Robert Miller |
Fri September 22, 2006 |
town | country UK |
excellent Dear Sonia, As most people write instantly to complain, I am just writing instantly to say what a wonderful time we had in Umbria in a fantastic property and location. Everything was wonderful and we hope to use your facilities again. I am already recommending your service. If you could also ensure that the owner receives a copy of this email for her information. |


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Ramada Westshore Tampa Airport
Ramada Westshore Tampa AirportDog-Friendly Hotels1200 North Westshore BoulevardTampa,Florida 33607Call 866-676-3077 To Book This Hotel Get Map or Directions The Ramada Tampa Airport Westshore. We are located in the heart of the Tampa Westshore district less than 1 Mile to Tampa International Airport TPA. Must be 21 to check in and rent a room. Our Free Airport Shuttle Hours are 430 AM - 11 PM every hour half passed the hour. We are surrounded by the Bay Areas finest dining, shopping and entertainment. We are just minutes from Busch Gardens, University of South Florida, Port of Tampa, Downtown Tampa, Tampa Convention Center, University of Tampa, The Florida Aquarium and Historic Ybor City. The hotel hosts an on-premise restaurant and bar. Hurricane Grill and Wings offers an affordable lunch and dinner menu featuring the best wings in Tampa Bay. Special drink pricing and live entertainment are also a trademark of this new restaurant and bar. Hurricane Grill and Wings is open seven days a week from 11 AM until Closing. Raymond James Stadium, home of the NFL Tampa Bay Buccaneers and USF Bulls Football, Steinbrenner Field, spring training home of New York Yankees is also 5 minutes from this Westshore hotel. The St. Pete Times Forum, home to the NHL Tampa Bay Lightning is a 10 minute drive. The Ramada Tampa Airport Westshore is central to all of Tampa fine sports venues, including the Ed Radice Sports Complex. Ask about our fully renovated Executive Guest rooms featuring all new furniture, microwave/refrigerator, flat screen TV and brand new pillow-top bedding. Our hotel with 10000 square feet of combined meeting and banquet space features, free wireless high speed internet, free local calls, fitness center, business center and an outdoor pool as standard amenities. We are an ideal choice for the business traveler, sports enthusiast, a family vacation, shopping excursion, quick overnight or last minute getaway. ADA certified service animals are welcome at this hotel. Sorry, no other pets are allowed.Dogs up to 20 pounds are allowed. There is a $50 one time pet fee.
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22 hrs ago | The News Tribune
As long as husband's here, she will keep his dream alive
Faith has long played a prominent role in Julie Westbrook's life, even before she and Eric met at church.
Trending on the Topix Network
Two men sentenced to prison for their roles in death of Lakewood man
Two men who participated in the kidnapping and murder of a Lakewood man two years ago were sentenced to prison terms Friday.
Time-starved Lakewood folks go to drive-up Ash Wednesday
Jerri Ecclestone and Margaret Stroh encourage drivers to stop in for ashes on their foreheads at United Methodist Church at Lakewood.
Pierce Democrats to meet in district caucuses Sunday
Democrats in most Pierce County legislative districts meet this weekend to elect delegates and alternatives to attend the state convention in June.
Tacoma officers cleared in Transit investigation, but potential for wrongdoing found
An outside investigator for Pierce Transit found no evidence that two off-duty Tacoma police officers over-reported or falsified the hours they worked helping supervise transit security officers.
Rail relocation hits snag in Tacoma
Seven years ago, when state officials began thinking seriously of changing the route passenger trains take through Tacoma, the 104-year-old Freighthouse Square was an obvious choice for a new passenger depot.
Last of gang sentenced for bank robberies tied to Tacoma
The approach was basic: Three men in masks would vault the counters, take the money and escape in two minutes or less, shifting to a getaway car and then to a rental.
Lakewood considers leasing Fort Steilacoom Park for 2015 U.S. Open parking
The 2015 U.S. Open is more than a year away, but the city of Lakewood has begun preparing for the event that's expected to bring hundreds of thousands of people to the western edge of Pierce County.
Lakewood-based Music Centers sold to Maryland company
Lakewood-based Music Centers Inc. , which owns seven stores in the South Sound region and one in Renton, has been bought by a national company.
Trustee lawyer: Ex-Pettit Oil customers should gain reimbursement
Customers left in the cold after the bankruptcy of Pettit Oil in January don't need to do anything to recoup their funds and should be reimbursed, the attorney who represents the company's trustee said Monday.
Neighbors worry about apartment height
An apartment complex planned for the northernmost edge of Lakewood's Oakbrook community has homeowners worried the development won't fit in with the surrounding neighborhood.
In brief: West Side homicide suspect caught in Post Falls - Mon, 24 Feb 2014 PST
He was arrested by Post Falls police, the U.S. Marshals Service and sheriff's deputies from Pierce County, where Olsen is wanted for a Feb. 16 homicide.
Convicted killer seeks retest of DNA evidence
The News Tribune reports that attorneys for Guy Rasmussen have asked a Pierce County Superior Court judge to allow DNA evidence collected in the case to be retested using modern technology.
Lakewood council: Property owners must consent before historic designation
Historical private property in Lakewood cannot be designated as historic unless the property owner agrees, the Lakewood City Council has decided.
Lakewood man charged with assaulting his 2-year-old daughter
Pierce County prosecutors this week charged a 26-year-old Lakewood man with assaulting his 2-year-old daughter, who had to have two feet of her intestine removed because it was so badly injured in the alleged attack.
New Tacoma Amtrak station concepts presented for Freighthouse Square
A Tacoma architect hired to help reboot the site selection and design process for a new Tacoma Amtrak station Wednesday unveiled more than a dozen concepts for creating the new station in Freighthouse Square.
Liquor board will issue licenses in areas with pot bans
The Washington State Liquor Control Board announced Wednesday that it will issue marijuana licenses to all who qualify, regardless of pot bans in local jurisdictions.
Smoking ban in Lakewood parks rejected in close vote
The Lakewood City Council has decided not to ban smoking in the city's 12 parks.
Fremont medical pot growers must move indoors, city rules
Medical marijuana growers will have to take it inside now that the City Council has banned all outdoor pot gardens and restricted indoor cultivation, limiting it to plants not visible from outside a building or home.
A spokesman for the Lakewood Police Department said their criminal investigation detectives are in Orting assisting with the case.


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Photos submitted Terrific Kids The following Garnet Mesa students earned a Terrific Kid Award from the Kiwanis Club of Delta for their efforts to be a responsible citizen and student. Above are kindergarten students (seated) Blake Carrasco, Ashley Hernandez, Sadie Connally, Joseph Kurtz, Eh Hser Wah and first graders (standing) Breighelle Atchley, Tristian Lackey, Caleb Weams, Maria Adame, Sammie Orona and Martin Lamas. Below are second and third grade students Felix Munoz, Janet Munoz, Katelynn Chavez, Migel Jaracuaro, McKenzie Proctor, Gabriel Fernandez, A.J. Felix, Alexis Putney and Chaz Wilks.
Photo submitted Hoop Shoot winners (from left) Erika Kuta, Kyle Mock, Conner Lugard, Reagan Clay and Kourtney Carmichael will advance to the West District Elks Hoop Shoot Jan. 20 in Hotchkiss.On Jan. 6, the Delta Elks Lodge hosted its annual Hoop Shoot. The competition is open to boys and girls ages 8 through 13.
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Three friends join forces to share artistic talent, enthusiasm
Published on Wed, Nov 5, 2008 by
Ashley Miller
Read More
Catherine Mix, Patricia Starr and Dianne Johnston are award-winning
The three women are business professionals, mothers, wives and friends.
Saturday and Sunday, Nov. 15-16, the trio is inviting the community to mingle, see their latest works and enjoy light refreshments with a glass of wine during ARTfusion in the Farmhouse Gallery at The Cutting Garden.
ARTfusion - thought up by Mix as a way for the three friends to join forces and do what they love - is expected to become a semiannual event, taking place in the spring and fall.
"Playing in the sandbox alone is not as much fun as playing with others," Mix said. "Without even realizing it, I was looking for others to join me and when I met these two women, I knew the end result would be amazing."
Mix has hosted two other "one-woman" shows inside the farmhouse.
Similar in multiple ways, Mix, Starr and Johnston are dedicated artists with a tendency to make lists, tell jokes and strive to put those around them at ease. But, according to Johnston, it's their differences that make the show unique.
Mix, a Sequim resident since 1998, paints in pastel and watercolor. Her paintings are known for capturing the alluring color and light of the Northwest and Southwest landscapes. Her work can be seen in numerous private and public collections.
When she's not painting, Mix can be found at The Cutting Garden tending to the gardens, planning weddings and special events, and traveling - taking pictures to recreate at a later point in time.
Starr, a recent Sequim transplant, specializes in watercolor paintings of landscapes, flowers, people and pets. She started painting as a young girl and pursued the passion in college. Admirers of Starr's work say that her paintings embody depth and boldness - a characteristic not always extracted from the watercolor medium.
Working part time as a mental health counselor, Starr stays busy but always finds time to paint.
Having lived in Sequim for only a matter of months, Starr said she is delighted to have made such wonderful friends in so little time.
Johnston, who moved to Sequim in 2000, is a raku potter.
Raku, typically irregular in shape, is a Japanese pottery technique involving post-firing reduction in a low-oxygen atmosphere. After a pot is fired, it's glazed with combinations that include metallic substances. Then it's fired a second time, heated to about 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit, removed rapidly from the kiln with metal tongs and placed in a closed metal container, usually a trash can.
"Raku magic" takes place in the closed container - the fire reduces the oxygen, the glazes react and unglazed surfaces turn black from smoke. After a short time, the burning stops and the still-hot piece can be carefully removed from the container.
The finished product is decorative, not functional. The pottery isn't safe for food and won't hold water.
Johnston fires her pottery in a home studio nestled among large cedar trees and the beauty of her personal gardens.
The least experienced artist of the group, Johnston discovered her passion for art by accident 10 years ago. To make up for lost time, she quit her teaching job, retired early and has been pursuing pottery ever since.
"I feel like the luckiest person in the whole world to do that," Johnston said.
During the two-day show, the threesome personally will greet guests and answer questions while visiting with old friends and meeting new faces.
"People can come and have a good time looking at art," Starr encouraged. "We want to show (the community) what we've created together and share that inspiration with others."
Merging passion and artistry
ARTfusion, an inaugural exhibit, will feature the latest works of Sequim artists Catherine Mix, Patricia Starr and Dianne Johnston from noon-4 p.m. at the Farmhouse Gallery at The Cutting Garden, 303 Dahlia Llama Lane. For more information, go online www.ARTfusionSequim.com or call 460-6314.
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Weight gain in the area of and above the waist (apple type) is more dangerous than weight gained around the hips and flank area (pear type). Fat cells in the upper body have different qualities than those found in hips and thighs.
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Audio released from pastor's prostitution arrest
UPDATED 9:57 PM EDT Jun 26, 2012Michael Wolfe, a Methodist pastor was recently arrested during a prostitution sting. This is an audio tape from the night of the arrest. The undercover deputy was wearing a recording device.
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- No, Chinese investors aren't 'buying up Detroit' – but they do have an eye on the Motor City
- The average Michigan family needs $52,330 a year to 'make ends meet'
- Here are our 10 favorite photos of what your winter looks like
- What all the snow and ice will mean for Great Lakes water levels
- Michigan's Attorney General is risking his political future over the gay marriage case
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Fri February 24, 2012
State law quickly passed to allow Highland Park students to transfer
Governor Rick Snyder has signed a law that allows students in Highland Park to transfer to another district or charter school now that the Highland Park district has run out of money. The Legislature approved the measure Thursday.
The Highland Park school district could not meet this week's payroll, although at least some teachers still showed up for work.
The new law allows several hundred Highland Park students to make a mid-year transfer to another district or a charter school, paid for with a $4,000 state grant.
It's not known how many students and their families could or would take the opportunity.
Highland Park schools were under the control of a state-appointed manager, but the manager had to step down after a judge ruled the review team that recommended a state takeover violated Michigan's open meetings law.
It will be next week before the governor can re-appoint the emergency manager.
After that, the new law also allows the emergency manager to use the per-student stipend to pay another district or a charter school operator to hold classes in Highland Park schools.


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Cheryl (Theroux) Whitican
member for 8 years, 29 days
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I am Cheryl (Theroux) Murphy-Whitican and have lived in Greene County, Ohio since 1987. I'm a displaced Boston native and active member of the D.A.R. (Patriot Ancestors are Benjamin Bearce,
Joseph Ames
Jonathan Howard
, and
James Keith
) . Pilgrim Ancestors are
James Chilton
John Alden
Christopher Martin
, and
Stephen Hopkins
, Francis Cook and John Howland.
Also I'm a member of the American-Canadian Genealogical Society and N.E. Historic Genealogical Society.
I've been researching the following family names in the US, Canada, Ireland and England since 1993: Theroux, Hebert, Brousseau, Picard/Pecor, Loiseau-Cardin, Cournoyer, Parenteau, St.Germaine, Jones, Bears(c)e, Howard, Howland, Bates, Nicks, Leo, Ahern, Canning, Whitican, Lewis, Reichard, Reid, Cook, Wake and Baldwin.
If you discover any errors in my input, please let me know. As a courtesy to fulfill your requests for editing data or linking memorials, please include all memorial numbers.
Memorial transfers will be gladly made according to Find A Grave guidelines.
Also, please refrain from using my photos without permission.
I'm thrilled to have found this website, and enjoy fulfilling photo requests for cemeteries in the Greene County, Ohio area.
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Moses Trader
Thank you once again for posting Moses Trader's memorial and historical information. I am wondering if my gggg-grandfather, John, was Moses' brother. Surely Moses was not an only child. John "disappeared" from Boone County, Kentucky about 1813, leaving two baby sons, (my ggg-grandfather) John and Arthur, with friends/family.
Added by
on Mar 08, 2014 9:30 AM
Bob on Gallows Hill
RE: Sarah, Sarah and Mary Jones
You're welcome. As for those previous edits, I had no idea that feature had been added to Find-a-Grave until another contributor emailed me over the weekend and pointed it out. I'll be keeping an eye on that from now on.
Added by
Bob on Gallows Hill
on Jan 28, 2014 8:48 AM
Bob on Gallows Hill
RE: Sarah, Sarah and Mary Jones
How about I just transfer them to you since they are your relations and then you can make any edits? Just remind me which Sarahs and which Mary again. Also, if there is no photo of a tombstone on the memorials it likely doesn't exist or it is one of the illegible ones. That cemetery has been pretty well covered.
Added by
Bob on Gallows Hill
on Jan 24, 2014 5:11 PM
Bob on Gallows Hill
RE: Sarah, Sarah and Mary Jones
Added by
Bob on Gallows Hill
on Jan 24, 2014 5:07 PM
Bob on Gallows Hill
Sarah, Sarah and Mary Jones
Hi, Cheryl,
Thanks for your suggestions, but I'm a tad confused. What transcriptions are you citing? The information on the memorials was gleaned either from the stone, if one exists, or from Early Vital Stats of Mass., a free online resource, which draws from numerous records.
Added by
Bob on Gallows Hill
on Jan 22, 2014 3:52 PM
RE: Sarah DeWine
Lots of people don't know about the new edit/SAC system yet. I knew they were making changes in the edit process because of submitting a SAC, but didn't know about the tab on our profiles until it was brought up in a Facebook group. I think it has also been discussed in the forums. I wish they would have sent out a mass email or posted it prominently someplace.
Thanks again!
Added by
on Dec 21, 2013 10:25 AM
RE: Sarah DeWine
Thanks for the links!
By the way - check the edits tab on your profile. I also submitted some date and place additions through the new edit/SAC system.
Added by
on Dec 21, 2013 8:09 AM
Charlie Morgan
RE: Sarah Bowman Hagar
Thanks, Cheryl. You're a rare gem!
Added by
Charlie Morgan
on Dec 10, 2013 9:16 PM
William Ritenour
Yikes!! It did it again.. this time only 2 times at least. I did send two different updates for William Ritenour. Not on purpose (they have different pieces of info) but because my lovely computer literally sends SACS while I'm still typing. I have to have it fixed I guess : ) Sorry again for any confusion. Let me know if you have any questions.
Added by
on Nov 13, 2013 9:43 PM
Hi Cheryl - Am sending you a few updates in Silvercreek Cemetery. I wanted you to know that I ended up sending three SAC emails to you for Faye Ritenour. My computer had a glitch and kept sending them, except the first one was incomplete. Please look for the one with the obit on it. That is the full and complete one. Sorry for any confusion. Don't know why my computer is going nuts : )!! Thanks!
Added by
on Nov 13, 2013 9:11 PM
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Grand Hotel once with deco bar and restaurant which has been used by the celebrity set in the past. Today its sad that the owner doesn't do more with it. The lovely deco restaurant is a ghostly shadow of its past, now serving as a mere breakfast room. The bar has what appears to be original deco furniture but no... More
- Also Known As:
- Grand Hotel Nord Pinus
- Grand Hotel Arles
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- Small hotel with Old World Charm in building dating from 1850; restaurant; multilingual staff; located in city center. ... more less
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Friday, October 22, 2010
The Only Thing On My Mind...
I'm sure this "Black Disco Night" by Gianmarco Lorenzi fetches for more than just a few pennies (more like two month's rent) but they're so pretty innit. Most females will know what I'm yakking about. They're the perfect pair of piss-me-off-&-I-will-straight-up-cut-you shoes. Hmmm... wonder if I could get a pair of knock-offs in China Town... man I love cheap Fong Chong goodies.
Happy Friday Bishes™
Elegantly Infatuated,
What dreams are made of,
Wishful Thinking
5 comments:
mezzaterra - yeah me too, but I think the platform could have been designed better and for the length of this particular heel, it seems necessary. Can't imagine what walking would be like though :P
fathima - It's my pleasure... more of my favourites will arrive soon...
DD - Yeah I'm sure the originals are more comfortable but at fong kong prices, I'd get one in every colour for a fraction of the price :D
Prixie - I think that's the allure for me.. "Killer" heels lol ;D
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Join ConceptArt.Org.
Its' free and it takes less than 1 minute!
hey you're gestures are coming out very very well. In terms of progressing as an artist, really the only option is to keep pushing forward. I fully understand getting down, and feeling like people are piling on, but this, art that is, is something that when it really comes down to it; you're doing it for yourself. Don't worry about what your parents think, what anonymous people on the internet think, if criticism on your work is offered and you find it useful, great! If you thinks it's utter bullshit, just forget about it, move on. Getting bogged down in what someone else thinks about you and your work, just wastes time, valuable time you could be using to draw. Uhm really I don't know where I'm going with this...sorry it's pretty much me rambling, but good luck man...keep pushing yo have drawing skills and I'm sure you'll find your way to where you want to be soon enough. Good luck.
Sketchbook | Website |


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Strikeforce held its weigh-in extravaganza earlier today (Jan. 11, 2013) from the Chesapeake Energy Arena in Oklahoma City, OK, in advance of tomorrow night's Strikeforce: "Marquardt vs. Saffiedine" event live on Showtime.
Find out how much everyone tipped the scale at in our weigh in results post by clicking here.
The event will feature Nate Marquardt putting his welterweight title on the line against a home grown Strikeforce talent Tarec Saffiedine.
Other action on the card includes two heavyweight showdowns, one pitting Heavyweight Grand Prix Champion Daniel Cormier against Dion Staring, the other with Josh Barnett taking on Nandor Guelmino, and a long-overdue light heavyweight affair between Gegard Mousasi and Mike Pyle.
For all the latest "Marquardt vs. Saffiedine" news and notes click here.


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From EatingWell: September/October 2011, The Simple Art of EatingWell
Fresh tomato slices and chopped olives make a simple topping for this easy homemade pizza. If you want something more hearty, add slices of precooked chicken sausage before topping it with cheese. No time to make homemade dough? Look for whole-wheat pizza-dough balls at your supermarket. Check the ingredient list to make sure the dough doesn't contain any hydrogenated oils. Serve with a mixed green salad tossed with a creamy herb dressing.
Makes: 5 servings
Active Time:
Total Time:
Per serving: 440 calories; 20 g fat (7 g sat, 10 g mono); 36 mg cholesterol; 46 g carbohydrates; 1 g added sugars; 17 g protein; 5 g fiber; 814 mg sodium; 189 mg potassium.
Nutrition Bonus: Vitamin A (15% dv), Folate (34% daily value), Calcium (25% dv)
Carbohydrate Servings: 2 1/2
Exchanges: 3 starch, 1 high-fat meat, 2 fat


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Topics: Health Reform, States
Jan 31, 2011
Bloomberg: "U.S. District Judge Roger Vinson in Pensacola, Florida, declared the law unconstitutional in a ruling today. ... Vinson's ruling may be appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals in Atlanta. A federal appeals court in Richmond, Virginia, is already slated in May to hear challenges to two conflicting federal court rulings in that state, one of which upheld the legislation while the other invalidated part of it. The U.S. Supreme Court may ultimately be asked to consider the issue" (Harris, 1/31).
The Washington Post: "Vinson stopped short of granting a request by the plaintiffs to suspend the law pending further appeals, so in the short run, his ruling is unlikely to delay its ongoing implementation by the Obama Administration. Justice Department officials immediately said they plan to appeal the ruling to the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals (Aizenman, 1/31).
The New York Times: "In a silver lining for the Obama administration, the judge rejected a second claim that the new law violates state sovereignty by requiring states to pay for a fractional share of a Medicaid expansion that is scheduled for 2014. [Judge Vinson] dismissed the contention that states were being illegally coerced by the federal government. He said they always have the option, however impractical, to withdraw from Medicaid, a joint state and federal insurance program for those with low-incomes" (Sack, 1/31).
CNN: "Monday's ruling came in the most closely watched of the two dozen challenges to the law. Florida along with 25 states had filed a lawsuit last spring, seeking to dismiss a law critics had labeled 'Obamacare'" (1/31).
MSNBC: Vinson, "a Reagan appointee serving in Pensacola, Florida, ruled that key components of the law are unconstitutional and that the entire law 'must be declared void.' ... While the lawsuit addressed in Vinson's ruling is the largest of its kind – with 26 states having signed on – today's decision is likely just one more step in the law's march to the United States Supreme Court" (1/31).
The Associated Press: "Obama administration attorneys had argued that health care is part of the interstate commerce system. They said the government can levy a tax penalty on Americans who decide not to purchase health insurance because all Americans are consumers of medical care. ... Opponents of the health overhaul praised the decision Monday afternoon. Democrats just as quickly slammed the decision. 'This lawsuit is nothing more than an attempt by those who want to raise taxes on small businesses, increase prescription prices for seniors and allow insurance companies to once again deny sick children medical care,' Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., said in a prepared statement" (Nelson, 1/31).
The Wall Street Journal: "In his ruling, ... Vinson, a Republican appointee, said that the law's requirement to carry insurance or pay a fee 'is outside Congress' Commerce Clause power, and it cannot be otherwise authorized by an assertion of power under the Necessary and Proper Clause. It is not constitutional'" (Adamy, 1/31).
Slate: The key paragraph of Vinson's decision is as follows: "'Because the individual mandate is unconstitutional and not severable, the entire Act must be declared void. This has been a difficult decision to reach, and I am aware that it will have indeterminable implications. At a time when there is virtually unanimous agreement that health care reform is needed in this country, it is hard to invalidate and strike down a statute titled The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act'" (Weigel, 1/31).
Kaiser Health News analysis: "The consensus is the Democratic appointed judges uphold the law and the Republican appointed judges strike it down – so far. We have two Clinton appointees upholding it ... and then we have two Republican appointees, Judge Vinson today, and Judge Henry Hudson of Richmond a few weeks ago saying it's unconstitutional. Now I don't claim that pattern is going to uphold all the way up to the Supreme Court and that the law's going to get struck down 5-4 because there are more Republicans. I actually would probably bet – not a lot – but bet on it being upheld in court" (Taylor, 1/31).
Read the entire decision here.
This is part of Kaiser Health News' Daily Report - a summary of health policy coverage from more than 300 news organizations. The full summary of the day's news can be found here and you can sign up for e-mail subscriptions to the Daily Report here. In addition, our staff of reporters and correspondents file original stories each day, which you can find on our home page.


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Microsoft is finally taking a clearer position [1] denouncing the Heartland Institute's irresponsible position on climate science, but the computer megacorp still won't shut the door on providing Heartland with free software in the future.
In the wake of Heartland's highly offensive advertising campaign [2], in which Heartland said, flatly, "the most prominent advocates of global warming aren't scientists; they are murderers, tyrants and madmen," Microsoft''s Director of Corporate Citizenship Steve Lippman distanced his company from the Heartland position:
"The Heartland Institute does not speak for Microsoft on climate change. In fact, the Heartland Institute's position on climate change is diametrically opposed to Microsoft's position. And we completely disagree with the group's inflammatory and distasteful advertising campaign."
But he went on with this unconvincing dodge:
"Heartland did participate in our global software donation program in 2010, as did thousands of other nonprofit organizations. It's important to point out that hundreds of environmental and conservation groups also took advantage of the same program, and received over $13 million in free software to pursue their missions."
And Lippman concludes with:
"Again, our software donation program does not support or endorse any particular nonprofit or any particular policy views - it supports giving all nonprofits in the world access to free software."
So, by that comment, Microsoft intends to take no responsibility for its past support and to promise no judgment whatever in extending future in-kind funding or gifts. Microsoft's only standard in offering support is that applicants NOT make a profit. (Al Qaeda might want to get their free software request in with the next batch.)
What's called for here is a simple statement saying that Microsoft will not give Heartland free goods, services or cash in the future. Anything less suggests that the company has no real issue with Heartland's "inflammatory and distasteful advertising campaign" - or any of the other irresponsible and disingenuous programs for which Heartland has become famous.


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By Ben Blanchard
BEIJING, April 4 (Reuters) - China said it was mobilising resources nationwide to combat a new strain of deadly bird flu that has killed three people, as Japan and Hong Kong stepped up vigilance against the virus and Vietnam banned imports of Chinese poultry.
The new H7N9 bird flu strain does not appear to be transmitted from human to human but authorities in Hong Kong raised a preliminary alert and said they were taking precautions at the airport.
In Japan, airports have put up posters at entry points warning all airline passengers from China to seek medical attention if they suspect they have bird flu.
A total of nine people in China have been confirmed to have contracted H7N9, all in the east of the country. Three infected people have died.
China 'will strengthen its leadership in combating the virus ... and coordinate and deploy the entire nation's health system to combat the virus', the health ministry said in a statement late on Wednesday on its website (www.moh.gov.cn).
In Hong Kong, authorities activated the preliminary 'Alert Response Level' under a preparedness plan for an influenza pandemic, which calls for close monitoring of local chicken farms, vaccination, culling drills, and a suspension of imports of live birds from the mainland.
All passengers on flights in and out of Hong Kong were being asked to notify flight attendants or airport staff if they were feeling unwell.
Vietnam said it had banned poultry imports from China, citing the risk from H7N9.
In Beijing, the health ministry said the government will swiftly communicate details of the new strain to the outside world and its own people, following complaints it had been too slow to report on the outbreak and suspicion of a SARS-like cover-up.
Chinese internet users and some newspapers have questioned why it took so long for the government to announce the new cases, especially as two of the victims first fell ill in February. The government has said it needed time to correctly identify the virus.
In 2003, authorities initially tried to cover up an epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which emerged in China and killed about on-tenth of the 8,000 people it infected worldwide.
China 'will continue to openly and transparently maintain communication and information channels with the World Health Organisation and relevant countries and regions, strengthen monitoring and preventative measures', the ministry said in a statement.
Flu experts across the world are studying samples isolated from the patients to assess H7N9'S human pandemic potential.
Other strains of bird flu, such as H5N1, have been circulating for many years and can be transmitted from bird to bird, and bird to human, but not generally from human to human.
So far, this lack of human-to-human transmission also appears to be a feature of the H7N9 strain.
However, China has yet to find any animals infected with H7N9, meaning how the humans got it remains a mystery.
'We know that it was originally a bird virus. We also know that it has taken on some genetic attributes that are not seen in bird viruses,' Laurie Garrett, Senior Fellow for Global Health at the Council for Foreign Relations, told Reuters in New York.
'In other words, it seems to have adapted somehow to mammals, to humans. How that happened, we don't know,' added Garrett.
While the official Xinhua news agency said it was unfair to compare SARS with H7N9, as the new bird flu virus has yet to show signs of human-to-human transmission, it did warn the government's credibility was on the line.
'If there is anything that SARS has taught China and its government, it's that one cannot be too careful or too honest when it comes to deadly pandemics. The last 10 years have taught the government a lot, but it is far from enough,' it said in a commentary.
(Additional reporting by Clare Baldwin in HONG KONG, Olivier Fabre in TOKYO, Hanoi newsroom and Reuters Television in NEW YORK) Keywords: HEALTH BIRDFLU/CHINA
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Copyright Thomson Reuters 2013. All rights reserved.
The copying, republication or redistribution of Reuters News Content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Thomson Reuters.


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Tired of clicking to see a large version? Upgrade to e2 to browse all photos automatically at their largest size.extension tubes on macro lens , cheers for looking , Kel
Brand: | Canon |
Camera: | Canon EOS 450D |
Lens: | 105mm |
Recording media: | RAW (digital) |
Date Taken: | 16 Sep 2013 - 9:59 AM |
Focal Length: | 105mm |
Lens Max Aperture: | f/2.8 |
Aperture: | f/20.0 |
Shutter Speed: | 1/200sec |
Exposure Comp: | 0.0 |
Exposure Mode: | Manual |
Metering Mode: | Multi-segment |
Flash: | On, Fired |
White Balance: | Auto |
Title: | the old lady |
Username: | kel55 |
Uploaded: | 16 Sep 2013 - 7:59 PM |
Tags: | Close-up / macro, Lady bird, Wildlife / nature |
VS Mode Rating |
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Votes: | 21 |
Goodness, how did such a pretty little thing end up looking so fierce!!!
Nominating Constructive Critique
Hi Kel great shot and lovely detail one of the things I like about your macro work is it looks great but you manage to do it with the minimum of gear. Ladybirds always look so nice to us but you could imagin what that face looks like to a greenfly.
Regards John.
Nominating Constructive Critique
drooling, with a beard, hunched over and short sighted- great title and image
Nominating Constructive Critique
Never seen anything like this before......Stunning image
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
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