text:
Universal light curtain, light grid
ABB Jokab Safety Focus II Light Curtains and Light Grids offer complete range of features in one low cost package. One curtain or grid model works for all applications, eliminating the need to stock multiple versions for varying machine safety requirements.
ABB Jokab Safety, a supplier of machine safety equipment, introduced Focus II Light Curtains and Light Grids, an updated version of the Focus product line designed to offer the complete range of features in one low cost package.
One Focus II Light Curtain or Light Grid model can be used for all applications, eliminating the need to order or stock a multiple versions for varying machine safety requirements.
Light curtains and grids protect personnel from potentially hazardous machinery, robots or automated systems by creating a protection field with infrared beams, which, if interrupted, trigger a safety mechanism that immediately stops the machinery. Light curtains are typically used for inner area protection closer to machinery, with multiple beams placed between 14 mm and 30 mm apart. Light grids are for protecting areas further away from machinery, consisting of two to four beams placed between 200 mm and 500 mm apart. Both Focus II Light Curtains and Light Grids meet the highest level of safety and have received all necessary national and international approvals.
Focus II Light Curtains and Light Grids consist of two optical units, a transmitter and a receiver, which are continuously scanned, quickly detecting any objects that break the optical barrier. If any light beam is interrupted, the dangerous machine movement is stopped by the outputs from the light curtain. The reaction time for Focus II varies from 14ms to 45ms, depending on the number of beams in the light curtain or grid. Five LEDs in the receiver and the two in the transmitter show the status of the light curtain.
Additional features include:
- Quick connects and custom adjustable brackets for unsurpassed ease of installation.
- Flexible, built-in muting capabilities with inputs for partial or complete muting.
- A muting override function which makes it possible to bypass the light curtain—i.e. activate the outputs if a machine start is necessary even if one or more light beams are interrupted.
- Floating blanking which makes it possible to disconnect a defined number of beams from the safety field, enabling an object to cross the optical barrier without the safety function being triggered.
With the introduction of the Focus II Light Curtains and Light Grids, manufacturing has been moved to the USA (Westland, MI), enabling JOKAB to lower list prices and deliver product from stock in five days.
The light curtains light grids are ideal for a variety of applications including:
- Mechanical and hydraulic power presses
- Molding presses
- Stamping, riveting and eyelet operations
- Automated machinery and manufacturing cells
- Robotic cells
- Conveyors
- Material handling equipment
- Printing presses
- Welding equipment
- Machining centers
- Packaging machinery
- Edited by Mark T. Hoske, content manager, CFE Media, Control Engineering, and Plant Engineering, mhoske(at)cfemedia.com.
ABB Jokab Safety, ABB Robotics, and other company products will be shown at Pack Expo 2013, Las Vegas.
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Adaptive Predictive Modeling of Stereo LPC with Application to Lossless Audio Compression
We propose a novel method for exploiting the redundancy of stereo linear prediction coefficients by using adaptive linear prediction for the coefficients themselves. We show that an important proportion of the stereo linear prediction coefficients, on both the intrachannel and the interchannel parts, still contains important redundancy inherited from the signal. We can therefore significantly reduce the amplitude range of those LP coefficients by using adaptive linear prediction with orders up to 4, separately on the intrachannel and intrachannel parts. When integrated into asymmetrical OptimFROG, the new method obtains on average 0.29% improvement in compression with negligible increase in decoder complexity.
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After the FBI suspends her for bending its rules, Special Agent Raleigh Harmon is looking for a chance to redeem her career and re-start her life.
Sent undercover to a thoroughbred horse track, Raleigh takes on a double life to find out who's fixing the races. But when horses start dying and then her own life is threatened, Raleigh realizes something bigger—and more sinister—is ruining Emerald Meadows.
She's never felt more alone.
Her one contact with the FBI is Special Agent Jack Stephanson, a guy who seems to jump from antagonistic to genuine friend depending on the time of day. And she can't turn to her family for support. They're off-limits while she's undercover, and her mother isn't speaking to her anyway, having been confined to a mental hospital following a psychotic breakdown. Adding insult to her isolation, Raleigh's fiancé wants them to begin their life together—now—precisely when she's been ordered not to be herself.
With just days left before the season ends, Raleigh races to stop the killing and find out who's behind the track's trouble, all the while trying to determine if Jack is friend or foe, and whether marrying her fiancé will make things better—or worse.
Raleigh is walking through the darkest night she's faced, searching for a place where the stars shine bright.
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Length | 400 Pages |
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Certain vehicles originally sold in, or currently registered in, the states of Arkansas, Arizona, California, Nevada, Oklahoma, or Texas are being recalled because the plastic supply or return port on the fuel pump module may crack, resulting in a fuel leak. Fuel leakage in the presence of an ignition source may result in a fire. Dealers will replace the fuel pump module to correct this concern. The General Motors recall number is 12190.
Car Recalls
Recalls are issued for cars with safety-related defects or problems
2007 Chevrolet Equinox recalls
Potential Fuel Leak from Fuel Tank Area
Engine, October 2, 2012


text:
Commentary & Analysis
Dr. Oz
Dr. Oz, daytime Emmy Award-winning host of "The Dr. Oz Show," is vice chair and professor of Surgery at Columbia University. He directs the Cardiovascular Institute and Complementary Medicine Program at New York Presbyterian Hospital. His research interests include heart replacement surgery, minimally invasive cardiac surgery, complementary medicine and health care policy.
Wed Apr 24th, 2013
When is it time to call your doctor when you have a fever?
Dr. Oz, The Daily Dose
Fri Apr 19th, 2013
Fingernails give a clue as to what's happening inside your body
Dr. Oz, The Daily Dose
Tue Apr 16th, 2013
The benefits of aromatherapy on stress: It just makes scents
Dr. Oz, The Daily Dose
Tue Apr 09th, 2013
Children are more likely to eat their vegetables if they are cooked just right
Dr. Oz, The Daily Dose
Mon Apr 08th, 2013
Pesky pains: Paper cuts are small, but pack a painful punch
Dr. Oz, The Daily Dose
Thu Apr 04th, 2013
Meditation has many health benefits, including relief to chronic pain
Dr. Oz, The Daily Dose
Wed Apr 03rd, 2013
People who chew more often eat fewer calories at each meal
Dr. Oz, The Daily Dose


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Miami local R.J. Lopez takes pole position for Trans Am at Homestead-Miami
Lawrence edges Andretti by a hundredth, Snow and Martin lead TA3
In his first Trans Am race since 2012, Miami native R.J. Lopez, driving the #06 Disco Optical Lopez Chevrolet Corvette, set the fast lap during qualifying for Round 2 of the 2014 Trans Am Championship at Homestead-Miami Speedway.
Lopez, is making his first appearance in Trans Am since 2012, and the series he's returned to is far different from the one he last raced with at Road America, August of 2012.
"As soon as I came through the gates this weekend, I was definitely impressed," said Lopez. "Trans Am has really stepped up; it's absolutely a Pro series now. Big trailers, big teams and great cars, it's great to see. This is my home track, and I'm excited to be able to race with Trans Am here."


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Four Wolves earn MatClassic tickets
Published on Wed, Feb 13, 2008 by
Michael Dashiell
Read More
For Washington state prep wrestlers, theres no other weekend like it.
More than a thousand grapplers, their coaches, families and fans are prepping for the 18th MatClassic Feb. 15-16, and four Sequim High athletes have their spots reserved after running the regional tourney gauntlet.
Sequims 189-pound Ethan Hinton and 215-pound Keller Batson-Hickok are top seeds heading to Tacoma while 135-pound Joe Hutchison is a second seed and 125-pound Taylor Gowdy is a third seed, advancing to state after finishing atop or near the top of their weight classes at Saturdays West Central District Region II tournament at Tacomas Washington High School.
For the second consecutive week, Hinton advanced to the finals of his weight class and took first outright after Port Townsends Gatlin Hanna conceded an injury forfeit in the finals, conserving a bum knee.
Next weekend marks Hintons first appearance at state; he is 18-3 on the season and a good bet to finish on the medal stand.
Batson-Hickok improved to 13-4 this season after posting two pins and a decision over Tori Murphy of Foster to dominate the 215-pound weight class. Next weekend will be his first MatClassic appearance also.
Hutchison, a sparkplug at 135 pounds, cruised through to the regional tourney finals but got pinned by rival Neil Sell of Klahowya in the second round.
With the 2-1 regional mark, Hutchison improved to 30-8 on the season. Next Friday marks his second state tourney appearance.
Also advancing to his second MatClassic is Taylor Gowdy, who went 3-1 on the day and finished third overall, grabbing the 125-pound class final state berth. Gowdy pinned Steilacooms Ryan Herting in the consolation finals with 14 seconds to go in the second round.
With a chance to give Sequim five state wrestlers, Anthony Drabek came up two points shy, falling to Washingtons Clayton Hines. Down 5-2 with nearly no time remaining, Hines reversed Drabek and earned a near fall to edge the Sequim junior 6-5. Drabek, who qualified for state last season along with Gowdy and Hutchison, is a state tourney alternate after placing fourth.
First-year wrestler Alex Lamb (125 pounds) and Paden Sutterby (140) were 1-3 on the day and finished sixth.
Sequims Alex ODonnell won a match in the 152-pound weight class before being eliminated from contention while heavyweight Thomas Gallagher was upset in each of his three matches. Sophomore Mike Bereiter was 0-2 at 160 pounds.
Sequim finished sixth among the 10 Olympic and Nisqually League teams, while Klahowya took the overall district crown.
Wolves coach Len Borchers said he expects the competition between the leagues to be as or more fierce in 2008-09.
There are only a handful of seniors on any of these squads, Borchers said, so look for a real battle next year.
MatClassic XVIII
What: Washington state prep wrestling championships
Where: Tacoma Dome, Tacoma
When: Feb. 15-16
Who: 1,120 of the top male wrestlers in five classifications and 14 weight classes; plus 72 female wrestlers in the states second all-girls tournament
Sequim Wolves Football website
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© 2009 Sequim Gazette. All rights reserved. 147 West Washington, Sequim, WA 98382 • 360.683.3311
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Journal of Paleolimnology
This journal provides a vehicle for the rapid dissemination of original scientific work dealing with the reconstruction of lake histories. Although the majority of papers deal with lakes, it also publishes paleoenvironmental studies of river, wetland, peatland and estuary systems. In addition to original data and ideas, the Journal of Paleolimnology publishes review articles, commentaries, book reviews and program announcements.Like the subject itself, this journal is multidisciplinary in nature, and publishes papers concerned with biological, chemical, physical, and geological methods that are used to reconstruct and interpret lake histories.The Journal of Paleolimnology continues to be a major repository for papers dealing with climatic change, as well as other pressing topics, such as global environmental change, lake acidification, eutrophication, long-term monitoring, and other aspects of lake histories ontogeny.MEET THE EDITORS!
See 'Meet the Editors' under ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (right menu).
51 Volumes 190 Issues 1,869 Articles available from 1988 - 2014
Browse Volumes & IssuesLatest Articles
Original paper
A comparison of three Eurasian chironomid–climate calibration datasets on a W–E continentality gradient and the implications for quantitative temperature reconstructions
Stefan Engels, Angela E. Self, Tomi P. Luoto… (April 2014)
Original paper
A 4D sedimentological approach to reconstructing the flood frequency and intensity of the Rhône River (Lake Bourget, NW European Alps)
J.-P. Jenny, B. Wilhelm, F. Arnaud, P. Sabatier… (April 2014)
Original paper
Paleolimnological assessment of ecological integrity and eutrophication history for Lake Tiiläänjärvi (Askola, Finland)
Tomi P. Luoto, Antti E. K. Ojala (April 2014)
- Journal Title
- Journal of Paleolimnology
- Coverage
- Volume 1 / 1988 - Volume 51 / 2014
- Print ISSN
- 0921-2728
- Online ISSN
- 1573-0417
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Additional Links
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To view the rest of this content please follow the download PDF link above.


text: Getty Images The Swing Of Things By Chad McKenzie January 2, 2013 If you're having a hard time getting back into the groove, don't worry - you're not alone. Read More|Comment Category: Articles, Chad McKenzie Tags: Back to Work, Post Holidays, Work Productivity Send to a friend! Print this page Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Melton Truck Lines Company Profile
Melton Truck Lines
808 N. 161st E. Ave.
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74116
Phone: 1 (877) 462-3528
Fax: 1 (918) 439-2958
[Company Application]
[Company Website]
General Information | |
Type of Driving Runs: | Regional, OTR |
Offer Lease/Purchase: | Yes |
Offer Paid Orientation: | Yes |
Spouse Rider Program: | Yes |
Child Rider Program: | Yes |
Pets: | Yes |
Driver Requirements | |
Age: | 21 |
Driving Experience: | 0 years 2 months |
Max Accidents: | 2 in the last 3 years |
Max Moving Violations: | 4 in the last 3 years |
DWI/DUI Restrictions: | 5 years or older |
Convicted of a Felony: | 7 years or older |
Driver Types: | Solo |
Endorsements: | None Required |
Melton Truck Lines Information
Melton Offers:Effective after 90 days, vested after 3 years
Plus double indemnity provision, $1,000 dependent coverage and affordable supplemental life insurance - HEALTH/VISION/DENTAL INSURANCE
Available to all employees and family members after 90 days, following the first of the month (PPO - prescription card) - LIBERAL RIDER PROGRAM
Year round – At least 18 years old, children 10 years or older - TIME OFF
One day of home time for every 7 days on the road – unlimited - FLEXIBLE SPENDING ACCOUNT
Tax-savings plan for health and childcare costs - SAFETY RECOGNITION PROGRAMS
Various rewards are given for safe driving – hat pins, patches, jackets, diamond rings and much more - FUEL BONUS
View Melton Truck Lines Detailed Driver Qualifications
Company Benefits | |
Offer Medical Plan: | Yes |
Offer Dental Plan: | Yes |
Offer Retirement Plan: | Yes |
Company Driver Pay | |
Starting Pay: | .34 for 2-6 months exp. - .36 for 6-11 months exp. |
1 Year Experience Pay: | .40 |
2 Years Experience Pay: | .40 |
3 Years Experience Pay: | .40 |
4 Years Experience Pay: | .40 |
5 Years Experience Pay: | .41 |
10 Years Experience Pay: | .41 |
Miscellaneous Pay | |
Layovers: | Yes |
Breakdowns: | Varies |
Loading/Unloading: | N/A |
Tarp: | $40 |
Extra Pickups & Dropoffs: | Yes |
Hiring Bonus: | $1,000 (DOE) |
Annual Bonus: | N/A |
Mileage Bonus: | N/A |
Safety Bonus: | Quarterly Safety Bonus |
Per Diem: | Orientation Per diem |
About Melton Truck Lines
Melton Truck Lines wants YOU to be a part of our winning team.
We are committed to ensuring our drivers are rewarded for their hard work through exceptional base pay, tarp pay, benefits, as well as bonus and recognition programs. We have a history of setting the standard in Driver Compensation. In fact, in a recent survey conducted by the National Survey of Driver Pay, we are positioned in the Top 5% Pay for all companies nationwide. Best of all, our drivers are moving 12 months out of the year because we transport a variety of commodities within driver-friendly shipping lanes.
Top Pay and Benefits aren't the only factors in making a company the right choice for you. Recently, we were named in the "Top 20 Best Fleets to Drive For 2 years Running" according to the Carriers Edge and Truckload Carriers Association. We achieved this honor by being nominated by our drivers and having programs and systems available to help our drivers succeed. Some of these include: The President's Clubs, Lifeworks, ICARE Wellness Program, Safety Rewards, regular Driver Satisfaction Surveys, and much more.
Currently, we are hiring professional drivers with at least two months of recent solo, OTR driving experience.
All company drivers receive a full benefits package including health, vision, and dental insurance. We also offer a 401(k) retirement program, paid vacations, Fuel Bonus, Pass it On Driver referral bonus, paid orientation, and a liberal rider program, as well as extra pay for Canada Border Crossings, NYC Boroughs, and extra Stops.
Melton is an irregular route flatbed carrier serving the U.S., Canada, and Mexico and has been providing shippers with consistent, on-time transportation services since 1954. They operate within driver-friendly shipping lanes and have a 98% on-time pickup and delivery record, utilizing the most advanced technology available in its 100% air-ride fleet of late-model equipment.
No flatbed experience? We will train you during orientation!
Call us at 877-462-3528 today or Apply Online at www.meltonapps.com
Melton Truck Lines Hiring Locations |
United States |
Canada |
Not hiring in any province currently


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Some information is missing or invalid below.
Dangling delight. You'll love these 18k gold-over-sterling silver diamond accent chandelier earrings.
- Chandelier design offers beautiful pizzazz.
- Diamond accents lend shimmering beauty.
- Gold-over-sterling silver construction promises long-lasting shine.
- Fishhook backings give you comfortable wear.
- Details:
- 1 3/4-in. length
- Pierced
- 18k gold over sterling silver
- Model no. SDF21301Y
- Image(s) may be enlarged to show detail.
- Diamond weights are approximate. Diamond total weights may vary between .01 and .08 ct. Some diamonds have fewer than 17 facets.
- Promotional offers available online at Kohls.com may vary from those offered in Kohl's stores.


text:
The holidays are a'comin, and what says "Holiday" better than a big ole pie? Well, maybe some snow. Out in the jungle I have been playing around with more raw food, so I was extremely happy when my friend Gretchen showed up with a raw pie made from mamey sapote! I've written about mamey sapote before – it's a large fruit with a super sweet inside that matches the texture and color of a cooked sweet potato. It's high in zinc and vitamin C and extremely delicious, with a flavor profile that reminds me of a very ripe papaya. So, tastes sort of papapa-y, but with the texture of a sweet potato.
Continue reading
Tag Archives: nut crust


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Some bullet comparisons..
This is a discussion on Some bullet comparisons.. within the Firearms & Ammunition General forums, part of the Firearms & Ammunition category; Commercial rifle cartridges line-up for comparison, left to right: .17 Remington, .218 Bee, .22 Hornet, .222 Remington, .223 Remington, 22-250 ...
- Member of SAHGCA [Skilled Hunter qualified-Cum Laude], Handgun Hunters Assosiation of SA, Bowhunting, SAGA, Provincial Heavy caliber target shooting teams, Bisley qualified, Army sharpshooter rifle & pistol qualified, ...
- Hunted R.S.A,Namibia,Venda
Some bullet comparisons..
Commercial rifle cartridges line-up for comparison, left to right: .17 Remington, .218 Bee, .22 Hornet, .222 Remington, .223 Remington, 22-250 Remington, .220 Swift, .243 Winchester, 6.5x55, .270 Winchester and .308 Winchester
A couple of classic African rounds, different rounds for different jobs. Left to right: the bizarre looking 6.5x53R, the finger of death .375 H&H, the stubby .404 Jeffery and the chubby .500 Jeffery
A couple of sore thumbs, mostly for Africa. Or the Jurassic, in case they do wake up. Left to right: .375 H & H Mag spent, .500 Nitro Express, .500 Jeffery , .577 Nitro (14,9 x 69 - Megret), .577 Nitro Express 3" , .585 Nyati, .577 Tyrannosaur, .600 Nitro, .700 Nitro Express and last but not least a 4 bore!
A rundown of some popular .300's in American hunting, left to right: 30-06 Springfield, 300 Ruger Compact Magnum, 300 Winchester Short Magnum, 300 Winchester Magnum, 300 Weatherby Magnum and 300 Remington Ultra Magnum. Used mostly for elk, moose, bear and caribou in North America. They also make good plainsgame rounds for Africa
Big boys league, from big to insanely big, probably just as dangerous at both ends of the gun. left to right: 300 Win Mag (for comparison) 458 Lott, 550 Magnum, 505 Gibbs, 600 overkill, 700 AHR, 700 H&H NE, and 4 bore (2000 grain bullet]
Ultra short magnums in hunting. From left to right the range of Winchester Super Short Magnums with the first three in question .223 WSSM, .243 WSSM, .25 WSSM, then followed by .270 WSM, 7mm WSM, .300 WSM, .325 WSM.
Nosler Partition, to many hunters the best big game bullet in the world when you need a soft nose
The Nosler AccuBond, a very popular bullet for big game hunting today anywhere in the world.
a little masterpiece of ballistic art with some spent and recovered lead-free Barnes bullets. More and more big game hunters swear by them each year.
The three main types of shotgun slugs used in hunting
Willem Pretorius--Kingdom of Bahrain
- Member of Northeast Wisconsin SCI chapter, Lifetime member of NRA,RMEF
- Hunted Namibia, South Africa (East Cape, Guateng and Limpopo)
- enysse has no Articles
- View enysse's Photos
I love looking and comparing cartridges! Those 4 Bore just look like mini-cannon loads .
- Member of NAHC Life Member, NRA Life Member,SCI, Buckmasters
- Hunted USA(from Coast to Coast and Alaska), Germany, South Africa, Canada
- Bobpuckett has no Articles
- View Bobpuckett's Photos
Good comparisons! I just got to hold a 4 Bore a buddy of mine brought home from Afghanistan, no way I'm shooting that thing, and I can understand where gun bearers come in that double empty wieght in at 21 pounds.
Enjoy life now -- it has an expiration date.
Very nice Thanks for the Pics
- Member of ssaa, aba ,bairnsdale field archers
- Hunted australia south africa (limpopo) canada (b.c)
- bluey has no Articles
- View bluey's Photos
as always observe well done ,great post .
I wish l knew where to one of them bullet boards in the top picture
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text:
Display Blue Screen of Death data with BlueScreenView
Blue Screen of Death: the very name chills the hearts of Windows users who have experienced it. There's no feeling quite like seeing your work vanish and be replaced by a BSOD, which is Windows' way of telling you it has just crashed, taking whatever you had open with it. NirSoft's BlueScreenView is a kind of coroner's report on your system. It scans the minidump files created when your system crashes and displays a BSOD, collecting them all in a single list view displaying all kinds of information you can use to debug whatever it is that'… Read more


text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2013) |
A protest song is a song which is associated with a movement for social change and hence part of the broader category of topical songs (or songs connected to current events). It may be folk, classical, or commercial in genre. Among social movements that have an associated body of songs are the abolition movement, women's suffrage, the labor movement, the human rights movement, civil rights, the anti-war movement and 1960s counterculture, the feminist movement, the sexual revolution, the gay rights movement, animal rights movement, vegetarianism and veganism, and environmentalism.
Protest songs are frequently situational, having been associated with a social movement through context. "Goodnight Irene", for example, acquired the aura of a protest song because it was written by Lead Belly, a black convict and social outcast, although on its face it is a love song. Or they may be abstract, expressing, in more general terms, opposition to injustice and support for peace, or free thought, but audiences usually know what is being referred to. Beethoven's "Ode to Joy", a song in support of universal brotherhood, is a song of this kind. It is a setting of a poem by Schiller celebrating the continuum of living beings (who are united in their capacity for feeling pain and pleasure and hence for empathy), to which Beethoven himself added the lines that all men are brothers. Songs which support the status quo do not qualify as protest songs.[1]
Protest song texts have significant cognitive content. The labor movement musical Pins and Needles deftly summed up the definition of a protest song in a number called "Sing Me a Song of Social Significance." Phil Ochs once explained, "A protest song is a song that's so specific that you cannot mistake it for sh*t".[2]
An 18th-century example of topical song intended as a feminist protest song is "Rights of Woman" (1795), sung to the tune of "God Save the King", written anonymously by "A Lady", and published in the Philadelphia Minerva, October 17, 1795. There is no evidence that it was ever sung as a movement song, however.[3] A more recent song advocating sexual liberation is "Sexo" (1985) by Los Prisioneros.
The sociologist R. Serge Denisoff saw protest songs rather narrowly in terms of their function, as forms of persuasion or propaganda.[4] Denisoff saw the protest song tradition as originating in the "psalms" or songs of grass-roots Protestant religious revival movements, terming these hymns "protest-propaganda", as well.
Denisoff subdivided protest songs as either "magnetic" or "rhetorical". "Magnetic" protest songs were aimed at attracting people to the movement and promoting group solidarity and commitment, as for example, "Eyes on the Prize" and "We Shall Overcome". "Rhetorical" protest songs, on the other hand, are often characterized by individual indignation and offer a straightforward political message designed to change political opinion. Denisoff argued that although "rhetorical" songs often are not overtly connected to building a larger movement, they should nevertheless be considered as "protest-propaganda". Examples include Bob Dylan's "Masters of War" (which contains the lines "I hope that you die / And your death'll come soon") and "What's Going On" by Marvin Gaye.
Ron Eyerman and Andrew Jamison, in Music and Social Movements: Mobilizing Tradition in the Twentieth Century (1998), take issue with what they consider Denisoff's reductive approach to the history and function of song (and particularly traditional song) in social movements. They point out that Denisoff had paid little attention to the song tunes of protest music, considered them strictly subordinate to the texts, a means to the message. It is true that in the highly text-oriented western European song tradition, tunes can be subordinate, interchangeable, and even limited in number (as in Portuguese fado, which only has 64 tunes), nevertheless, Eyerman and Jamison point out that some of the most effective protest songs gain power through their appropriation of tunes that are bearers of strong cultural traditions.[5] They also note that:
There is more to music and movements than can be captured within a functional perspective, such as Denisoff's, which focuses on the use made of music within already-existing movements. Music, and song, we suggest, can maintain a movement even when it no longer has a visible presence in the form of organizations, leaders, and demonstrations, and can be a vital force in preparing the emergence of a new movement. Here the role and place of music needs to be interpreted through a broader framework in which tradition and ritual are understood as processes of identity and identification, as encoded and embodied forms of collective meaning and memory.[6]
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. described the freedom songs this way: "They invigorate the movement in a most significant way [...] these freedom songs serve to give unity to a movement."[7]
Raï (Arabic: رأي), which is the Arabic word for "opinion", is a form of folk music, originated in Oran, Algeria from Bedouin shepherds, mixed with Spanish, French, African and Arabic musical forms, which dates back to the 1930s and has been primarily evolved by women in the culture. Raï has been forbidden music in Algeria, to the point of one popular singer being assassinated, although since the 1980s it has enjoyed some considerable success. The song "Parisien Du Nord" by Cheb Mami is a recent example of how the genre has been used as form of protest, as the song was written as a protest against the racial tensions that sparked the 2005 French riots. According to Memi:
It is a song against racism, so I wanted to sing it with a North African who was born in France [...] Because of that and because of his talent, I chose K-Mel. In the song, we say, 'In your eyes, I feel like foreigner.' It's like the kids who were born in France but they have Arab faces. They are French, and they should be considered French."[8]
Indigenous issues feature prominently in politically inspired Australian music and include the topics of land rights, and aboriginal deaths in custody. One of the most prominent Australian bands to confront these issues is Yothu Yindi. Other Australian bands to have confronted indigenous issues include Tiddas, Kev Carmody, Archie Roach, Christine Anu, The Herd, Neil Murray, Blue King Brown, the John Butler Trio, Midnight Oil, Warumpi Band, Powderfinger and Xavier Rudd.
In addition to Indigenous issues, many Australian protest singers have sung about the futility of war. Notable anti-war songs include "And The Band Played Waltzing Matilda" (1972) by Eric Bogle, and "A Walk in the Light Green" (1983) by Redgum, most often remembered by its chorus "I was only nineteen".
English folk songs from the late medieval and early modern period reflect the social upheavals of their day. In 1944 the Marxist scholar A. L. Lloyd claimed that the "The Cutty Wren" song constituted a coded anthem against feudal oppression and actually dated back to the English peasants' revolt of 1381, making it the oldest extant European protest song.[9] He offered no evidence for his assertion, however and no trace of the song has been found before the 18th century.[10] Despite Lloyd's dubious claim about its origins, however, the "Cutty Wren" was revived and used as a protest song in the 1950s folk revival, an example of the importance of context in determining what may be considered a protest song. In contrast, the rhyme, "When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman?", is attested as authentically originating in the 1381 Peasant Revolt, though no tune associated with it has survived.[11] Ballads celebrating social bandits like Robin Hood, from the 14th century onwards, can be seen as expressions of a desire for social justice, though although social criticism is implied and there is no overt questioning of the status quo.[12]
The era of civil and religious wars of the 17th century in Britain gave rise to the radical communist millenarian Levellers and Diggers' movements and their associated ballads and hymns, as, for example, "The Diggers' Song".[13] with the incendiary verse:
But the Gentry must come down,
and the poor shall wear the crown.
Stand up now, Diggers all!
The Digger movement was violently crushed, and so it is not surprising if few overt protest songs associated with it have survived. From roughly the same period, however, songs protesting wars and the human suffering they inflict abound, though such song do not generally explicitly condemn the wars or the leaders who wage them. For example, "The Maunding Souldier" or "The Fruits of Warre is Beggery", framed as a begging appeal from a crippled soldier of the Thirty Years War.[14] Such songs have been known, strictly speaking, as songs of complaint rather than of protest, since they offered no solution or hint of rebellion against the status quo.[15]
The advent of industrialisation in the 18th and early 19th centuries was accompanied by a series of protest movements and a corresponding increase in the number of topical social protest songs and ballads. An important example is 'The Triumph of General Ludd,' which built a fictional persona for the alleged leader of the early 19th century anti-technological Luddite movement in the cloth industry of the north midlands, and which made explicit reference to the Robin Hood tradition.[16] A surprising English folk hero immortalised in song is Napoleon Bonaparte, the military figure most often the subject of popular ballads, many of them treating him as the champion of the common working man in songs such as the "Bonny Bunch of Roses" and "Napoleon's Dream".[17] As labour became more organised songs were used as anthems and propaganda, for miners with songs like "The Black Leg Miner", and for factory workers with songs like "The Factory Bell".[18]
These industrial protest songs were largely ignored during the first English folk revival of the later 19th and early 20th century, which had focused on songs that had been collected in rural areas where they were still being sung and on music education. They were revived in the 1960s and performed by figures like A. L. Lloyd on his album The Iron Muse (1963).[19] In the 1980s the anarchist rock band Chumbawamba recorded several versions of traditional English protest songs as English Rebel Songs 1381–1914.[20]
Colin Irwin, a journalist for The Guardian, believes the modern British protest movement started in 1958 when the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) organized a 53-mile march from Trafalgar Square to Aldermaston, to protest the Britain's participation in the arms race and recent testing of the H-bomb. The protest "fired up young musicians to write campaigning new songs to argue the case against the bomb and whip up support along the way. Suddenly many of those in skiffle groups playing American songs were changing course and writing fierce topical songs to back direct action."[21] A song composed for the march: "The H-Bomb's Thunder", set the words of a poem by novelist John Brunner to the tune of "Miner's Lifeguard":
Men and women, stand together
Do not heed the men of war
Make your minds up now or never
Ban the bomb for evermore."[22]
Folk singer Ewan MacColl was for some time one of the principal musical figures of the British nuclear disarmament movement. A former agitprop actor and playwright. MacColl, a prolific songwriter and committed leftist, some years earlier had penned "The Ballad of Ho Chi Minh", (1953) issued as single on Topic records and "The Ballad of Stalin" (1954), commemorating the death of that leader.[21] Neither record has ever been reissued.[23]
According to Irwin, MacColl, when interviewed in the Daily Worker in 1958, declared that:
There are now more new songs being written than at any other time in the past eighty years—young people are finding out for themselves that folk songs are tailor-made for expressing their thoughts and comments on contemporary topics, dreams, and worries,
In 1965, folk-rock singer Donovan's cover of Buffy Sainte-Marie's "Universal Soldier" was a hit on the charts. His anti-Vietnam War song, "The War Drags On" appeared that same year. This was a common trend in popular music of the 1960s and 1970s. The romantic lyrics of pop songs in the 1950s gave way to words of protest.[24]
As their fame and prestige increased in the late 1960s, The Beatles—and John Lennon in particular—added their voices to the Anti-war. In the documentary The US Versus John Lennon, Tariq Ali attributes the Beatles' activism to the fast that, in his opinion, "The whole culture had been radicalized: [Lennon] was engaged with the world, and the world was changing him." Revolution", 1968, commemorated the world-wide student uprisings. In 1969, when Lennon and Yoko Ono were married, they staged a week-long "bed-in for peace" in the Amsterdam Hilton, attracting worldwide media coverage.[25] At the second "Bed-in" in Montreal, in June 1969, they recorded "Give Peace a Chance" in their hotel room. The song was sung by over half a million demonstrators in Washington, D.C. at the second Vietnam Moratorium Day, on 15 October 1969.[26] In 1972 Lennon's his most controversial protest song LP was Some Time In New York City, the title of whose lead single "Woman Is the Nigger of the World", a phrase coined by Ono in the late 1960s to protest sexism, set off a storm of controversy, and in consequence received little airplay and much banning. The Lennons went to great lengths (including a press conference attended by staff from Jet and Ebony magazines) to explain that they had used the word "nigger" in a symbolic sense and not as an affront to African-Americans. The album also included "Attica State", about the Attica Prison riots of September 9, 1971; "Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "The Luck Of The Irish", about the massacre of demonstrators in Northern Ireland and "Angela", in support of black activist Angela Davis. Lennon also performed at the "Free John Sinclair" benefit concert in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on December 10, 1971.[27] on behalf of the imprisoned antiwar activist and poet who was serving ten years in state prison for selling two joints of marijuana to an undercover cop.[28] On this occasion Lennon and Ono appeared on stage with among others singers Phil Ochs and Stevie Wonder, plus antiwar activists Jerry Rubin and Bobby Seale of the Black Panthers party. Lennon's song "John Sinclair" (which can be heard on his Some Time In New York City album), calls on the authorities to "Let him be, set him free, let him be like you and me". The benefit was attended by some 20,000 people, and three days later the State of Michigan released Sinclair from prison.[29]
The 1970s saw a number notable songs by British acts that protested against war, including "Peace Train" by Cat Stevens (1971), and "War Pigs" by Black Sabbath (1970). Sabbath also protested environmental destruction, describing people leaving a ruined Earth ("Into the Void" including, "Iron Man"). Renaissance added political repression as a protest theme with "Mother Russia" being based on One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich and being joined on the second side of their 1974 album Turn of the Cards by two other protest songs in "Cold Is Being" (about ecological destruction) and "Black Flame" (about the Vietnam War).
As the 1970s progressed, the louder, more aggressive Punk movement became the strongest voice of protest, particularly in the UK, featuring anti-war, anti-state, and anti-capitalist themes. The punk culture, in stark contrast with the 1960s' sense of power through union, concerned itself with individual freedom, often incorporating concepts of individualism, free thought and even anarchism. According to Search and Destroy founder V. Vale, "Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hardcore confrontation with the black side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, a delving into it that had never been done before by any generation in such a thorough way."[30] The most significant protest songs of the movement included "God Save the Queen" (1977) by the Sex Pistols, "If the Kids are United" by Sham 69, "Career Opportunities" (1977) (protesting the political and economic situation in England at the time, especially the lack of jobs available to the youth), and "White Riot" (1977) (about class economics and race issues) by The Clash, and "Right to Work" by Chelsea. See also Punk ideology.
War was still the prevalent theme of British protest songs of the 1980s - such as Kate Bush's "Army Dreamers" (1980), which deals with the traumas of a mother whose son dies while away at war. However, as the 1980s progressed, it was British prime minister Margaret Thatcher who came under the greatest degree of criticism from native protest singers, mostly for her strong stance against trade unions, and especially for her handling of the UK miners' strike (1984–1985). The leading voice of protest in Thatcherite Britain in the 1980s was Billy Bragg, whose style of protest song and grass-roots political activism was mostly reminiscent of those of Woody Guthrie, however with themes that were relevant to the contemporary Briton. He summarised his stance in "Between the Wars" (1985) in which he sings "I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage." The main Wikipedia article on Margaret Thatcher includes a section on protest songs about or inspired by her.
Also in the 1980s the band Frankie Goes to Hollywood released a political pop protest song Two Tribes a relentless bass driven track depicting the futility and starkness of nuclear weapons and the Cold War. The video for the song depicted a wrestling match between then-President Ronald Reagan and then-Soviet leader Konstantin Chernenko for the benefit of group members and an eagerly belligerent assembly of representatives from the world's nations, the event ultimately degenerating into complete global destruction. This video was played several times at the 1984 Democratic National Convention. Due to some violent scenes ("Reagan" biting "Chernenko"'s ear, etc.), the unedited video could not be shown on MTV, and an edited version was substituted. The single quickly hit the number one spot in the United Kingdom. Several mixes of the track features actor Patrick Allen, who recreated his narration from the Protect and Survive public information films for certain 12-inch mixes (the original Protect and Survive soundtracks were sampled for the 7-inch mixes).
Another type of protest song that appeared in the late 1980s came in the form of "I'd rather Jack" by The Reynolds Girls. This was a protest against musical snobbery - particularly that being exhibited by middle-aged DJ's who refused to play new higher selling tracks coming from labels such as PWL in favour of older more niche / self-important artists.
Irish rebel music is a sub genre of Irish folk music, played on typically Irish instruments (such as the Fiddle, tin whistle, Uilleann pipes, accordion, bodhrán etc.) and acoustic guitars. The lyrics deal with the fight for Irish freedom, people who were involved in liberation movements, the persecution and violence during Northern Ireland's Troubles and the history of Ireland's numerous rebellions.
Among the many examples of the genre, some of the most famous are "A Nation Once Again", "Come out Ye Black and Tans", "Erin go Bragh",[31] "The Fields of Athenry", "The Men Behind the Wire" and the Republic of Ireland's national Anthem "Amhrán na bhFiann" ("The Soldier's Song"). Music of this genre has often courted controversy, and some of the more outwardly anti-British songs have been effectively banned from the airwaves in both England and the Republic of Ireland.
Paul McCartney also made a contribution to the genre with his 1972 single "Give Ireland Back to the Irish" which he wrote as a reaction to Bloody Sunday in Northern Ireland on 30 January 1972. The song also faced an all-out ban in the UK, and has never been re-released or appeared on any Paul McCartney or Wings best-ofs. His former colleague John Lennon wrote a song called Sunday Bloody Sunday in 1972 shortly after the massacre of Irish civil rights activists; this song differs from U2's 1983 version of Bloody Sunday in that it directly supports the Irish Republican cause and does not call for peace. The same year John Lennon also released two protest songs concerning the hardships of war-torn Northern Ireland in the form of "Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "The Luck Of The Irish", both from his 1972 album Some Time in New York City.
The Wolfe Tones have become legendary in Ireland for their contribution to the Irish rebel genre. The band has been recording since 1963 and has attracted worldwide fame and attention through their renditions of traditional Irish songs and originals, dealing with the former conflict in Northern Ireland. In 2002 the Wolfe Tones' version of A Nation Once Again, a nationalist song from the 19th century, was voted the greatest song in the world in a poll conducted by the BBC World Service[32]
An Irish alternative rock/post punk band from Dublin, U2 broke with the rebel musical tradition when they wrote their song, Sunday Bloody Sunday in 1983. The song makes reference to two separate massacres in Irish history of civilians by British forces (Bloody Sunday (1920) and Bloody Sunday 1972); however, unlike other songs dealing with those events, the lyrics call for peace as opposed to revenge.
Chinese-Korean Cui Jian's 1986 song Nothing to My Name was popular with protesters in Tiananmen Square.
The Internationale (L'Internationale in French) is a socialist, anarchist, communist, and social-democratic anthem.[citation needed]
The Internationale became the anthem of international socialism. Its original French refrain is C'est la lutte finale/ Groupons-nous et demain/ L'Internationale/ Sera le genre humain. (Freely translated: "This is the final struggle/ Let us join together and tomorrow/ The Internationale/ Will be the human race.") The Internationale has been translated into most of the world's languages. Traditionally it is sung with the hand raised in a clenched fist salute. The Internationale is sung not only by communists but also (in many countries) by socialists or social democrats. The Chinese version was also a rallying song of the students and workers at the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.[33]
There is not so much a protest song trend in France, but rather of a permanent background of criticism and contestation, and individuals who personify it. World War II and its horrors forced French singers to think more critically about war in general, forcing them to question their governments and the powers who ruled their society.
Jazz trumpeter and singer Boris Vian's was one of the first to protest against the Algerian war with his anti-war song "Le déserteur" (The deserter), which was banned by the government.[34]
Several French songwriters, such as Léo Ferré (1916–1993), Georges Brassens (1921–1981), Jacques Brel (1929–1978) (actually a Belgian singer, who died in Paris), Maxime Le Forestier (born 1949) or interpreters (Yves Montand, Marcel Mouloudji, Serge Reggiani, Graeme Allwright...) often wrote or sang songs aligned against majority ideas and political powers. Because racial tensions did not rise to the same levels as those in the United States, criticism was focused more toward bourgeoisie, power, religion, and songs defending liberty of thought, speech and action. After 1945, immigration became a source of inspiration for some singers: Pierre Perret (born 1934), well known for his humorous songs, started writing several more "serious" and committed songs against racism ("Lily" 1977), which critically pointed out everyday racist behavior n French society.
Brassens wrote several songs protesting war, hate, intolerance ("Les Deux Oncles" ["The Two Uncles"], "La Guerre de 14-18" ["14-18 War"], "Mourir pour des idées" ["To Die for Ideas"] "Les Patriotes" ["The Patriots"]...), against chauvinism ("La Ballade des gens qui sont nés quelque part" ["Ballad of People Who Are Born Somewhere"]), against bourgeoisie ("La Mauvaise Réputation" ["The bad reputation"], "Les Philistins" ["The Philistines"]...). He was often called "anarchist" because of his songs on representatives of law and order (and religion) ("Le Gorille" ["The gorilla"] "Hécatombe" ["Slaughter"] "Le Nombril des femmes d'agents" ["The navel of cops wives"], "Le Mécréant" ["The miscreant"]...).
Ferré was also called an "anarchist". He sang against consumerism ("Vitrines" ["Shop Fronts"], "Chanson mécanisée" ["Mechanized Song"], "Il n'y a plus rien" ["There is nothing left"]...), against French war ("Miss guéguerre" ["Miss Squabble"], "Pacific blues", "Regardez-les" ["Look at them"], "Mon général" ["My general"], "Les Temps difficiles" ["Hard Times"], "La Marseillaise"), death penalty ("Ni Dieu ni maître" ["No God no Master"], "La Mort des loups" ["The Death of the Wolves"]), Estate control ("La Gueuse", "La Complainte de la télé" ["Lament of TV"], "La Révolution" ["Revolution"], "Le Conditionnel de variétés" ["Middle of the road music conditional mood"]), illusion of representative democracy ("Ils ont voté" ["They voted"], "La Grève" ["Strike"]), dictatorships ("Franco la muerte", "Allende", "Words... Words... Words..."), sexual hypocrisy and freedom ("Le Chien" ["The Dog"], "Le Mal" ["Evil"], "Ton style" ["Your style"] "La Damnation" ["Damnation"]...).
Brel's work is another ode to freedom ("Ces gens-là" ["These people"], "Les Bourgeois" ["The Bourgeois"], "Jaurès", "Les Bigotes" ["The bigots"], "Le Colonel" ["The colonel"], "Le Caporal Casse-Pompon" ["Corporal Break-Nots"]).
Ton Steine Scherben, one of the first and most influential German language rock bands of the 1970s and early 1980s, were well known for the highly political lyrics of vocalist Rio Reiser. The band became a musical mouthpiece of new left movements, such as the squatting movement, during that time in Germany and their hometown of West Berlin in particular. Their lyrics were, at the beginning, anti-capitalist and anarchist, and the band had connections to the German Red Army Faction terrorists before they later turned to violent crime and murder. Later songs were about more complex issues such as unemployment (Mole Hill Rockers) or homosexuality (Mama war so). They also contributed to two full-length concept album about homosexuality which were issued under the name Brühwarm (literally: boiling warm) in cooperation with a gay-revue group.
A dissatisfied German youth in the late 1970s and early 1980s resulted in a strand of highly politicized German language Punkrock ("Deutschpunk"), which mostly concerned itself with politically radical left-wing lyrics, mostly influenced by the Cold War. Probably the most important German language punk band was Slime from Hamburg, who were the first band whose LP was banned because of political topics. Their songs "Deutschland" ("Germany"), "Bullenschweine", "Polizei SA/SS", and the anti-imperialist "Yankees raus" ("Yankees out") were banned, some of them are still banned today, because they propagated the use of violence against the police or compared the police to the SA and SS of Nazi Germany.
Israel's protest music has often become associated with different political factions.
During the 1967 war, Naomi Shemer wrote Jerusalem of Gold, sung by Shuli Natan, about the recapturing of Jerusalem after 2000 years.[35] Later on that year A different point of view of this song was introduced by the folk singer Meir Ariel, who recorded an anti-war version of this song and named it "Jerusalem of Iron".
Gush Emunim supporters have taken a repertoire of old religious songs and invested them with political meaning. An example is the song "Utsu Etsu VeTufar" (They gave counsel but their counsel was violated). The song signifies the ultimate rightness of those steadfast in their beliefs, suggesting the rightness of Gush Emunim's struggle against anti-settlement policy by the government.
Minutes before Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was murdered at a political rally in November 1995, Israeli folk singer Miri Aloni sang the Israeli pop song Shir Lashalom (Song for Peace). This song, originally written in 1969 and performed extensively at the time by an Israeli military performing group, has become one of the anthems of the Israeli peace camp.[36]
During the Arab uprising known as the First Intifada, Israeli singer Si Heyman sang Yorim VeBokhim (Shoot and Weep), written by Shalom Hanoch, to protest Israeli policy in the territories. This song was banned from the radio for a certain period of time on charges of subversiveness.
Pink Floyd's Another Brick in the Wall is used as a protest song by many opponents of Israel's barrier in the West Bank, which is now half finished. The lyrics have been adapted to: "We don't need no occupation. We don't need no racist wall."[37]
Since the onset of the Oslo Process and, more recently, Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, protest songs became a major avenue for opposition activists to express sentiments. Songs protesting these policies were written and performed by Israeli musicians, such as Ariel Zilber, Shalom Flisser, Aharon Razel, Eli Bar-Yahalom, Yuri Lipmanovich,[38] Ari Ben-Yam,[39] and many others.
While the protest song was enjoying its Golden Age in America in the 1960s, it also saw many detractors overseas who saw it as having been commercialized. Chilean singer-songwriter Víctor Jara, who played a pivotal role in the folkloric renaissance that led to the Nueva Canción Chilena (New Chilean Song) movement which created a revolution in the popular music of his country, criticised the "commercialized" American protest song phenomenon which had been imported into Chile. He criticized it thus:
The cultural invasion is like a leafy tree which prevents us from seeing our own sun, sky and stars. Therefore in order to be able to see the sky above our heads, our task is to cut this tree off at the roots. US imperialism understands very well the magic of communication through music and persists in filling our young people with all sorts of commercial tripe. With professional expertise they have taken certain measures: first, the commercialization of the so-called 'protest music'; second, the creation of 'idols' of protest music who obey the same rules and suffer from the same constraints as the other idols of the consumer music industry – they last a little while and then disappear. Meanwhile they are useful in neutralizing the innate spirit of rebellion of young people. The term 'protest song' is no longer valid because it is ambiguous and has been misused. I prefer the term 'revolutionary song'
Nueva canción (literally "new song" in Spanish) was a type of protest/social song in Latin American music which took root in South America, especially Chile and other Andean countries, and gained extreme popularity throughout Latin America. It combined traditional Latin American folk music idioms (played on the quena, zampoña, charango or cajón with guitar accompaniment) with some popular (esp. British) rock music, and was characterised by its progressive and often politicized lyrics. It is sometimes considered a precursor to rock en español. The lyrics are typically in Spanish, with some indigenous or local words mixed in.
A type of Cuban and Puerto Rican protest music, "Nueva trova", started in the mid-1960s when a movement in Cuban music emerged that combined traditional folk music idioms with progressive and often politicized lyrics. This movement of protest music came to be known as Nueva trova, and was somewhat similar to that of Nueva canción, however with the advantage of support from the Cuban government, as it promoted the Cuban Revolution - and thus part of revolutionary song. Though originally and still largely Cuban, nueva trova has become popular across Latin America, especially in Puerto Rico and Venezuela. The movements biggest stars included Cubans Silvio Rodríguez, Vicente Feliu, Noel Nicola and Pablo Milanés, as well as Puerto Ricans such as Roy Brown, Andrés Jiménez, Antonio Cabán Vale and the group Haciendo Punto en Otro Son.
In 1966 Boudewijn de Groot releases the song "Welterusten meneer de president", a song about the Vietnam War. The song spent 12 weeks in the Dutch Top 40 and to this day it remains an important song in nederpop and among Dutch protest songs. Following "Welterusten meneer de president" Boudewijn de Groot and Lennaert Nijgh, a Dutch lyricist, made more protest songs. The couple inspired other Dutch musicians, namely Armand and Robert Long.
One of the earliest protest songs in New Zealand was John Hanlon's Damn the Dam, recorded in 1973 in support of the Save Manapouri Campaign.
During the bitterly divisive 1981 Springbok Tour, Blam Blam Blam's There Is No Depression in New Zealand became a favourite among anti-tour protesters. Reggae band Herbs wrote and performed songs criticising French nuclear testing in the Pacific Ocean.
Palestinian music (Arabic: موسيقى فلسطينية) deals with the conflict with Israel, the longing for peace, and the love of the Palestinian's land. A typical example of such a song is "Biladi, Biladi" (My Country, My Country), which has become the unofficial Palestinian national anthem. Palestinian music rarely focuses on internal divides (unlike most Israeli peace songs), and instead deals almost solely with Israel. Additionally, there are very few Palestinian peace songs that are not inditing of Israel, and outwardly militaristic. Certain commentators have compared this with the general unwillingness of Palestinians to speak about internal problems, as they tend to be taboo in Palestinian society, and dissent is outlawed in Gaza, under Hamas control.
Another example is the song "AlKuds (Jerusalem) our Land", with words by Sharif Sabri. The song, sung by Amar Diab from Port Said, Egypt, won first prize in 2003 in a contest in Egypt for video clips produced in the West Bank and Gaza.[40] DAM is an Arabic hip-hop group, rapping in Arabic and Hebrew about the problems faced by Palestinians under occupation and calling for change. Kamilya Joubran's song "Ghareeba", a setting of a poem by Khalil Gibran, deals with a sense of isolation and loneliness felt by the Palestinian woman.
From the revolutionary songs of the Katipunan to the songs being sung by the New Peoples Army, Filipino protest music deals with poverty, oppression as well as anti-imperialism and independence. A typical example was during the American era, as Jose Corazon de Jesus created a well-known protest song entitled "Bayan Ko", which calls for redeeming the nation against oppression, mainly colonialism, that also became popular as a song dealt against the Marcos regime.
However, during the 1960s, Filipino protest music became aligned with the ideas of Communism as well as of revolution. "Ang Linyang Masa", a protest song came from Mao Zedong and his Mass Line and "Papuri sa Pag-aaral" was from Bertolt Brecht. These songs, although Filipinised, rose to become another part of Filipino protest music known as Revolutionary songs, that became popular during protests and campaign struggles.
Protest songs in Poland were mostly associated with anti-communist movement and developed in the 1970s and 1980s. One of the most important artists was Jacek Kaczmarski, author of such famous songs as "Mury" ("The Walls"), "Przedszkole" ("The Kindergarten") and "Zbroja" ("The Armor"), criticizing both the totalitarian communist government and the opposition. Other famous Polish folk singer, Jan Pietrzak, wrote inter alia one of the best-known Polish patriotic prostest songs, "Żeby Polska była Polską" ("Make Poland Polish"), in which he reminded the most heroic moments of Polish history, including Kościuszko Uprising, and called people to fight the communists as they fought other enemies of Poland before. He also recorded a musical version of the Jonasz Kofta's poem "Pamiętajcie o ogrodach" ("Remember the Gardens"), protesting against the industrialism of life promoted by the communist propaganda. Other Polish artists well known for writing protest songs included Jan Wołek, Stanisław Staszewski, Przemysław Gintrowski.
The most famous source of Russian protest music in the 20th century has come those known locally as bards. The term, (бард in Russian) came to be used in the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, and continues to be used in Russia today, to refer to singer-songwriters who wrote songs outside the Soviet establishment. Many of the most famous bards wrote numerous songs about war, particularly The Great Patriotic War (World War II). Bards had various reasons for writing and singing songs about war. Bulat Okudzhava, who actually fought in the war, used his sad and emotional style to illustrate the futility of war in songs such as "The Paper Soldier" ("Бумажный Солдат").
Many political songs were written by bards under Soviet rule, and the genre varied from acutely political, "anti-Soviet" songs, to witty satire in the best traditions of Aesop. Some of Bulat Okudzhava's songs provide examples of political songs written on these themes. Vladimir Vysotsky was perceived as a political song writer, but later he gradually made his way into the more mainstream culture. It was not so with Alexander Galich, who was forced to emigrate—owning a tape with his songs could mean a prison term in the USSR. Before emigration, he suffered from KGB persecution, as did another bard, Yuliy Kim. Others, like Evgeny Kliachkin and Aleksander Dolsky, maintained a balance between outright anti-Soviet and plain romantic material.
The majority of South African protest music of the 20th century concerned itself with apartheid, a system of legalized racial segregation in which blacks were stripped of their citizenship and rights from 1948 to 1994. As the apartheid regime forced Africans into townships and industrial centers, people sang about leaving their homes, the horror of the coal mines and the degradation of working as domestic servants. Examples of which include Benedict Wallet Vilakazi's "Meadowlands", the "Toyi-toyi" chant and "Bring Him Back Home" (1987) by Hugh Masekela, which became an anthem for the movement to free Nelson Mandela. The Special AKA wrote a song on Nelson Mandela, which was called "Free Nelson Mandela." The track is upbeat and celebratory, drawing on musical influence from South Africa, was immensely popular in Africa. Masekela's song "Soweto Blues", sung by his former wife, Miriam Makeba, is a blues/jazz piece that mourns the carnage of the Soweto riots in 1976. Basil Coetzee and Abdullah Ibrahim's "Mannenberg", became an unofficial soundtrack to the anti-apartheid resistance.
In Afrikaans, the Voëlvry movement led by Johannes Kerkorrel, Koos Kombuis and Bernoldus Niemand in 1989, provided a voice of opposition from within the white Afrikaner community. These musicians sought to redefine Afrikaner identity, and although met with opposition from the authorities, Voëlvry played to large crowds at Afrikaans university campuses and was quite popular amongst the Afrikaner youth. Voëlvry is discussed in detail by Hopkins (2006) in "Voëlvry. The movement that rocked South Africa" (Cape Town: Zebra Press) and Grundlingh (2004) in ""Rocking the Boat" in South Africa? Voëlvry music and Afrikaans anti-apartheid social protest in the 1980s" (The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 37(3):483–514).
Following apartheid's demise, most Afrikaans writers and musicians followed public sentiments by embracing the new South Africa, but cracks soon emerged in the dream of the 'rainbow nation' and criticism started to emerge, criticism that has grown in frequency and intensity in recent years. With violent crime putting South Africa in the top category of most dangerous country in the world, poverty, government corruption, and the AIDS pandemic, writers and musicians, some of them veterans of anti-apartheid movements, are once again protesting against what they consider to be a government failing to uphold the promise of 'peace, democracy and freedom for all' that Nelson Mandela made upon his release from prison. By 2000, Johannes Kerkorrel claimed in the song "Die stad bloei vanaand" [The city bleeds tonight], "the dream was promised, but just another lie has been sold."
Two Afrikaans compilation albums of predominantly protest music were released recently: "Genoeg is genoeg" [Enough is enough] (2007) and "Vaderland" [Fatherland] (2008), and Koos Kombuis also released a CD called "Bloedrivier" [Blood River] (2008), which is primarily a protest album. One track, "Waar is Mandela" [Where is Mandela] asks, "Where is Mandela when the shadows descend [...] Where is the rainbow, where is the glory?" and another, "Die fokkol song" [The fuck all song], tells tourists who visit South Africa for the 2010 Football World Cup that there is nothing in South Africa, no jobs, no petrol, no electric power, not even jokes. However, these compilations only represent the tip of the iceberg, as many prominent musicians have included protest songs on recent albums, including Bok van Blerk, Fokofpolisiekar, KOBUS!, ddisselblom and Glaskas.
The reality of the New South Africa is decidedly violent, and crime is a well-known theme in post-apartheid Afrikaans protest music. The punk group Fokofpolisiekar (which translates to 'fuck off police car') sings in "Brand Suid-Afrika" [Burn South Africa]: "For you knives lie in wait, in the garden outside you house," and Radio Suid-Afrika sings in "Bid" [Pray]: "Pray that no-one will be waiting in the garden, pray for strength and for mercy in each dark day." Theirs is a country of "murder and child rape" where the only respite is alcohol abuse. In "Blaas hom" [Blow him away] by the industrial band Battery9, the narrator sings how he gleefully unloads his gun on a burglar after being robbed for the third time, and in "Siek bliksems" [Sick bastards] Kristoe Strauss asks God to help against the "sick bastards" responsible for hijackings. The metal band KOBUS! pleads for a reinstatement of the death penalty in "Doodstraf", because they feel the promise of peace has not realised. In "Reconciliation Day", Koos Kombuis sings: "Our streets run with blood, every day a funeral procession, they steal all our goods, on Reconciliation Day." Elsewhere he states, "we're in a state of war." The video of this song features a lawless microcosm of theft, rape and abuse – a lawlessness reflected in Valiant Swart's "Sodom en Gomorra": "two cities in the north, without laws, without order, too wonderful for words." In "Mitchells Plain", Gian Groen sings about gang violence on the Cape Flats, and Liezl op bladsy 5 sings in "Wie doen wat" [Who does what]: "Everyone's fed up, everyone's sick and tired." Hanru Niemand rewrites the traditional Afrikaans song Sarie Marais, turning it into a murder ballad speculating on where Sarie's body will be found. The new protest musicians also parody Voëlvry's music: Johannes Kerkorrel's "Sit dit af" [Switch it off] – a satire on PW Botha of the apartheid regime – is turned into "Sit dit aan" [Switch it on] by Koos Kombuis, now a song protesting mismanagement resulting in chronic power failures.
Much of the protest by Afrikaans musicians concerns the legacy of apartheid: In "Blameer dit op apartheid" [Blame it on apartheid] Koos Kombuis sings how "the whole country is evil," yet the situation is blamed on apartheid. Klopjag, in "Ek sal nie langer" [I will no longer] sings that they will no longer apologise for apartheid, a theme echoed by many others, including Koos Kombuis in "Hoe lank moet ons nog sorry sê" [For how long do we still have to say sorry]. Piet Paraat sings in "Toema Jacob Zuma" [Never mind Jacob Zuma]: "My whole life I'm punished for the sins of my father." There is also a distinct feeling that the Afrikaner is being marginalised by the ANC government: Fokofpolisiekar sings in "Antibiotika" [Antibiotics], "I'm just a tourist in the country of my birth," Bok van Blerk sings in "Die kleur van my vel" [The colour of my skin] that the country does not want him despite his willingness to work, because he is white, and in "Bloekomboom" Rian Malan uses the metaphor of a blue gum tree (an alien species) to plead that Afrikaners should not be regarded as settlers, but as part of the nation. The appeals by these musicians to be included follows a sense of exclusion manifested in the political, linguistic and economic realms, an exclusion depicted particularly vividly by Bok van Blerk's "Kaplyn" [Cut line], a song that laments that fallen South African soldiers have been omitted in one of the country's show-case memorials, the Freedom Park Memorial, despite official claims of it being a memorial for all who had fought for the country.
Commonly, protest songs in South Korea are known as Min-joong Ga-yo (Korean: 민중 가요, literally People's song), and the genre of protest songs is called Norae Undong, literally "Song movement".[41] It was raised by people in the 1970s~1980s to be against the military governments of President Park Jeong-hee (Korean: 박정희), Jeon Doo-hwan (Korean: 전두환).
Lazar Brcic Kostic was a Former Yugoslavian protest singer-songwriter ((Serbian) link).


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From the New York Times bestselling author of Big Girls Do Cry comes a deliciously provocative new page-turner starring plus-sized diva Loraine Farrow, and the two men in her life...
One of Richmond, Virginia's hottest, most successful women, Loraine Farrow is finally putting the relationship drama behind her. There's nothing she wants more than to settle down with her husband, Leon, and focus on her marriage. Trouble is, her ex-lover, Michael, isn't about to let her go so easily.
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2013. Spontaneous loss of tolerance of autoreactive B cells in Act1-deficient rheumatoid factor transgenic mice.. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 191(5):2155-63. Abstract


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Sioux City Public Museum All three sites (Public Museum, Sergeant Floyd Riverboat Welcome Center, and the Archives) are looking for interns on a year-round basis. All majors and disciplines are welcome and encouraged to apply. This organization if willing to tailor work to meet individual interests. Public Museum - running front desk, giving tours, doing research, doing oral history interviews, setting up displays, instructing classes for their kids program. Sergeant Floyd Riverboat Welcome Center - welcoming guests, tours, giving directions. Archives - research, filing, data entry. Contact: |
Morningside College, 1501 Morningside Ave., Sioux City, IA 51106 (712)274-5000 |


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*** SHOP HOLIDAY NOTICE *** Due to other commitments on Monday 10 March 2014, I will not be able to post any orders on that day. Items paid for after 1:00pm on Friday 7 March will not be posted until Tuesday 11 March. I am sorry for any inconvenience. Paul :o)
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August 15th, 2006, 01:59 AM | #24 |
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Holy WTF is up with the green...umm....whatever the F that is. Damn it John, I'm coming over your house and cutting that thing off.
Oh, and about him using that stinger.... He doesn't wheel. He too skeered to get stuck. Won't wheel with me although I have asked him like a billion times. |
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NOW Im running bastard S10 leaf packs- Free RE 4.5 coils-$85 Skyjacker LCAs-$50 and 35's Really do have to put the 2in BB back up front, but I need to fab Long arms first. 6.5 inches don't fit in stock LCA or UCA mounts ( Damnit I did try tho! :tonka:) Fixed ALL the rust inside (there was a LOT) and herculined the interior, rockers, and up to the body line. Also made custom shorter corners. Still lots left to do, but gimme a break, Im in college! Measures 24in to the rockers. Not keeping the D30 or 8.25. I have a set of NT D44's that are in the works, along with a D300. Should be finished in time for summer. (well, not finished, but..I have to keep this as the DD ) Last edited by Toivo; February 5th, 2007 at 01:23 PM. |
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Hi, I am a software engineering student from Norway. When I am not at school I normally code and make games.
For us folks who like to stay Free and use the Blender 3d program over every other costly options!
For all Unity developers and developers-to-be, both beginners and professionals!


text: The first of its kind, this lightweight, fully contained and highly mobile crew rest unit was designed and built for Austrian Airlines for use aboard multiple 767 aircraft with flight times exceeding 11 hours. Consisting of two parts, a vestibule in the cabin with an integral ladder assembly and a mobile crew rest unit that resides in the cargo area, the system allows the operator to maximize use of space while providing enhanced rest facilities for its pilots and crew. The first of two units to be built, TIMCO Aerosystems worked with Austrian Airlines to translate initial performance specifications into final engineering drawings. The final unit, which sleeps six comfortably and utilizes quick connects for all electrical and other environmental and safety components, can be positioned in the aircraft in under 30 minutes. The units are exceptionally strong and soundproof, yet they are light weight, utilizing advanced composites manufactured and fitted in the company's integral composites facility. TIMCO Aerosystems handled each phase — from initial design through cabin modification and certification services.


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Located in Dennis, the heart of Cape Cod, The Pelham House Resort boasts over 400 feet of private beach, an adjacent pool, newly redone tennis courts, and recently refurbished rooms with HDTV and free Wi-Fi. Come stay with us to experience the finest oceanfront resort in Dennis.
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Real Wedding | Lindsay & Ted
Laughter is the best way to bring people together. Lindsay and Ted shared a memorable laugh at a Super Bowl party that led to a lifetime of happiness. A giggle got them together, but the grandeur of Mammoth sealed the deal when Ted proposed to Lindsay atop the majestic mountain vista.
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Eagles Get Off to Positive Start in 2014, Defeat CCU
Posted by mmiller January 8, 2014Junior guard Cody Stumbo pumped in 21 points while sophomore forward Tyler Rogers had the defensive stop of the night to spark Alice Lloyd to a 75-70 victory over conference foe Cincinnati Christian University. The game was the first on the Eagles' 2014 schedule. -
Lady Eagles Ring in New Year With Emphatic Conference Win
Posted by mmiller January 8, 2014Junior guard Carla Booth swished in 22 points and orchestrated an early three-point barrage by the hosts, as the Alice Lloyd Lady Eagles overwhelmed conference foe Cincinnati Christian University, 104-86. The game was the first played in 2014. -
Eagles Battle NCAA Opponent Marshall
Posted by mmiller December 18, 2013The Alice Lloyd Eagles traveled to Huntington, West Virginia on Tuesday, December 17th, to square off against the Marshall University Thundering Herd. The game went as expected as the NCAA Division I program took an easy 121-57 victory. -
Lady Eagles Drop Close One to UPike
Posted by mmiller December 16, 2013In their second game in as many days, the Alice Lloyd Lady Eagles were riding the high of defeating Ohio Christian University, a team who had beaten them earlier in the season, into a match-up with the UPike Lady Bears at the East Kentucky Expo Center on Sunday, December 15th. However, the Lady Bears also had revenge on their mind, delivering a 78-70 defeat to the visitors from Pippa Passes. -
Eagles Suffer Setback at UPike
Posted by mmiller December 16, 2013In what would be the first of two serious road tests, the Alice Lloyd Eagles made the trek to the East Kentucky Expo Center to challenge the UPike Bears on Sunday, December 16th. The third-ranked Bears would own this contest, beating the Eagles 107-70. -
Eagles Prevail Against Conference Foe IU East, 81-76
Posted by mmiller December 16, 2013The Eagles returned to their home floor on Saturday, December 14th, to take on IU East. The hosts survived a tough test from the Red Wolves, claiming an 81-76 victory. -
Lady Eagles Topple Ohio Christian, 83-62
Posted by mmiller December 16, 2013The Alice Lloyd Lady Eagles were back in action at home on Saturday, December 14th, versus Ohio Christian University. ALC was able to take this one pretty easily by a final score of 83-62. -
Arthur Coming into Her Own
Posted by mmiller December 9, 2013Taylor Arthur has been tipped as ALC's Female Athlete of the Week. The freshman is playing better and improving with each game. -
Rogers Indispensable for Eagles
Posted by mmiller December 9, 2013Tyler Rogers has received this week's honors for Male Athlete of the Week. The sophomore forward has shown he is critical to Alice Lloyd's success. -
Lady Eagles Earn Split in Pittsburgh
Posted by mmiller December 9, 2013The Alice Lloyd Lady Eagles embarked on a journey to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania last weekend where they battled the Point Park University Lady Pioneers and the Carlow University Lady Celtics. Here are recaps of the two games that happened on December 7th and December 8th.


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The Husa Grand Hotel Montmartre is located in one of the liveliest areas of Paris, only 100 metres from the Moulin Rouge, a 15-minute walk from the Opera and 20 minutes from the Place de la Concorde, with great views of the Eiffel Tower. It is only 1 km to the famous area of Montmartre, a well-known meeting place for painters next to the Sacre Coeur. The ho...
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text: If you still need help about reseting your store. I will gladly help you. I have all eggs and would give you what your currently have back. It will restart you at level one again, so be prepared. I am not on a lot any more due to work, school, and well, just life. If you are interested we can set up a time for me to give you back what you have lost. Let me know by private message and I will give you my email address so you can email your list and I will know to get on line.


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Berger's Target Bullets are the perfect answer for those longer shots. The Long Range bullets were designed for long distance competitive target shooters. These bullets features extra-long tangent ogives giving them the advantage of having both a high BC and being easier to tune to the rifle when compared to a bullet with a secant ogive. Target bullets were primarily designed for target shooting but they are also effective on larger varmints. This is not loaded ammunition.
Technical InformationCaliber: 30 Caliber
Bullet Diameter: 0.308"
Bullet Weight: 210 Grains
Bullet Length: 1.453"
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Recommended Barrel Twist: 1 in 11" or faster
Ballistics Information:
Sectional Density: 0.316
Ballistic Coefficient: 0.626
Technical Information
Ballistics Information:
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Twin brothers Garrett and Nicholas Athenas have established a family business based on wellness. As a certified holistic nutrition educator and a certified nutritional therapist, they meet with clients to dispense lifestyle advice with holistic health in mind. They examine each client's history, goals, and current fitness before prescribing an optimal program, incorporating multivitamins along with dietary and exercise regimens as needed. They also conduct lab tests and stress response tests that aim to reduce anxiety. Through their detailed and customized approach, Garrett and Nicholas hope to help clients lose weight, gain energy, and adopt and maintain healthy habits.
Woodway treadmills whirr and weight machines clank 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Though staffed while sun's up, the fitness center is accessible via members' key cards at night, giving gym-goers ample opportunity to incinerate calories and tone muscles on a full range of Cybex equipment or pass off their tears as sweat while watching Homeward Bound in the cardio theater. Workouts are supplemented with private sessions led by certified personal trainers, online nutritional resources, and onsite tanning booths that gold-plate freshly toned frames.
Unwanted hair, spider veins, and hyperpigmentation have an enemy in SpafitRx's technicians. Certified by the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, their mission is to clear epidermises of such interruptions, treating individuals to the cosmetic glow of the Syneron Aurora laser. SpafitRx's team wants to ensure that customers are armed with as much knowledge as possible, so their site is full of information. Pages on the site delve into what clients should do on the treatment day, what they can expect after a session, and what the laser feels like. One page is even dedicated to the history of laser hair removal, which started in the late '70s when NASA astronauts wanted to go to the beach with hairless Martians.
White Lotus Massage and Yoga's diverse staff fosters a relaxed, noncompetitive environment where clients can pursue their holistic wellness goals through massage-therapy services and a robust schedule of yoga classes. A FAR infrared heating system warms the yoga practice space up to healing temperatures designed to detoxify the body and loosen muscles, tendons, and minds in preparation for yoga's soothing stretches. A textured flooring system provides support, comfort, and grip so students can perform Yin yoga's long-held balancing postures or Vinyasa's flowing movements with confidence. White Lotus' skillful massage therapists ease physical and emotional tension with unique massage modalities, such as owner Carolyn Calvacca's signature Ashiatsu Oriental Bar Therapy method. While maintaining balance with overhead bars, Carolyn carefully places her feet along the client's body in gliding strokes, providing a deep yet relaxing muscle-mashing treatment.
Were it not for the sweet scent of pomade and the constant buzzing of clippers, it would be easy to mistake Park Ave. Barbers for a cozy after-work hangout. After receiving a warm welcome, men with mussed hairdos hop into leather thrones and entrust their styles to the shop's expert barbers. Flat-screen televisions keep eyes distracted from the scissors behind them as the barbers work assiduously to dress up scalps in timeless fashions. A hot lather softens whiskers before a traditional straight-razor shave coaxes out facial tattoos cowering in the darkness of a five o'clock shadow.
Instead of adhering to fad diets and trendy workouts, the exercise physiologist and nutrition experts that create fitness plans at Smithtown Personal Training & Nutrition get back to the basics. With a focus on time-tested approaches to exercise—such as strength training and cardio—their regimens are rooted in medical and scientific research. Sessions are tailored to crush specific goals set by each client, and PTI reaches out to everyone from students starting their first fitness regimens to seniors looking to increase their bone density and reduce their cholesterol.