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Hotel Newton2528 Broadway, Upper West Side, New York City, NY 10025 (Show map)
Score from 327 reviews
I like because u have everything around, restaurant, liquor stores the train station.
kindness of staff position cleanliness
Nice and comfortable hotel. Steps away from the metro.
The location of the hotel. The fairly clean room.
Great location! just next to the line 1 96th St. subway station.
Staff were excellent location Very convenient for subway. We were kindly upgraded as it was my birthday treat.
location great.Also quiet
Location. Staff very friendly. Quiet at night
The location and easy access to the subway was a big plus.
Excellent reception staff. Very clean quiet and comfortable. Good location.
In Manhattan's Upper West Side, this intimate hotel features guest rooms with microwaves and refrigerators. It is steps from the 96th Street-Broadway subway station. Every cozy room at Hotel Newton has cable TV and toiletries. Each room also features a luggage rack and ironing facilities. Ticket services are provided at the Newton Hotel, and a 24-hour front desk is available. Key West Café, which is adjacent to the Newton, serves a diverse menu consisting of American, Italian and Greek dishes. Guests can also order room service 24-hours a day from local restaurants. Central Park West is within a 10 minute walk of Hotel Newton. The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is 1.5 miles from the hotel. We speak your language! Hotel Rooms: 105, Hotel Chain: Empire Hotel Group. The most recent booking for this hotel was made on Mar 11 at 5:38 PM from Sweden.
Why use Booking.com?Why use Booking.com?Low ratesNo booking fees • Save money! • Best Price Guaranteed 433,412 properties worldwide
Including 116,640 vacation rentals Unbiased reviews26,110,000 reviews from real guests We speak your languageWebsite and customer service in English (US) and 41 other languages Booking is safeWhen you book with us your details are protected by a secure connection. InternetWi-Fi is available in all areas and costs USD 4.95 per 24 hours. ParkingPublic parking is available on site (reservation is not needed) and costs USD 37 per day. Services24-Hour Front Desk, Tour Desk, Ticket Service, Baggage Storage, ATM on site, Concierge Service GeneralNon-smoking Rooms, Facilities for Disabled Guests, Family Rooms, Elevator, Heating, All Spaces Non-Smoking (Public and Private), Air Conditioning Languages spokenSpanish , English Check-inFrom 3:00 PM Check-outUntil 12:00 PM Cancellation/
Wyndham New Yorker HotelThis historic Midtown Manhattan hotel is a 2-minute walk from Madison Square Garden and across from Penn Station.Most recent booking for this hotel was 17 minutes ago
Score from 1412 reviews
- 7.7/10
Herald Square HotelIdeally located in Manhattan, 2 blocks from the Empire State Building and half a block from the Herald Square subway station, this historic hotel features uniquely designed accommodations.Most recent booking for this hotel was today at 17:28
Score from 1441 reviews
- 7.9/10
Hotel MarrakechThis historic 5-story hotel features Moroccan-style furnishings, a lounge bar and includes rooms with a flat-screen cable TV. The 103rd St.Most recent booking for this hotel was today at 17:34
Score from 682 reviews
Review score
- 6.8/10
La Quinta Inn ManhattanJust a 5-minute walk from the famous Empire State Building, this Manhattan hotel features a rooftop bar. Classically furnished rooms offer free Wi-Fi, a flat-screen TV and iPod docking station.Most recent booking for this hotel was today at 17:25
Score from 1081 reviews
Very good
- 8/10


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Alaska Naturals Salmon Oil with Probiotics for Dogs
Submit a review
Customer Reviews:
Saved our dog's sensitive tummy!
We have one picky eater (more hesitant than anything else, but has no problem with his food) and one pup who has had a sensitive stomach for the year and a half she has been alive. She is a happy eater, quite the little piglet when it's feeding time! However, she can be so sensitive to outdoor elements, stress, changes, if she gets food she shouldn't, etc. Both of our dogs are on a grain-free diet because of her allergy, but we still needed that extra *BOOST*. We had never heard of a salmon oil that contained probiotics before this purchase, and are so glad we found Best Bully Sticks! Our Dachshund-MinPin little girl went from having stomach sensitivity (light diarrhea or light vomiting) every couple of weeks to now....well, she has been on this product for two months now and has had a very happy tummy! We feed both dogs a grain-free kibble and squirt a dosage of the salmon oil in, stir it up, and they love it! Best Bully Sticks also has the best bully sticks, literally! Great deals, fast shipping, excellent quality!

subset: commoncrawl


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U.S. News Rankings
Ranking score and category | |||||
Judson College is a private institution that was founded in 1838. It has a rural setting and the campus size is 80 acres. It utilizes a semester-based academic calendar. Judson College's ranking in the 2014 edition of Best Colleges is National Liberal Arts Colleges, Tier 2. Its tuition and fees are $15,100 (2012-13).
School mission and unique qualities (as provided by the school): | |
Judson College, a private, undergraduate institution of liberal learning and professional study related to the Alabama Baptist State Convention, offers distinguished student centered academic programs in a residential single gender setting and through distance education to both genders. As a caring collegiate community, Judson College is dedicated to maturing its students into well adjusted and productive citizens through the transmission of knowledge, refinement of intellect, the nurturing of faith, and the development of character. |
General Information
School type | private |
Year founded | 1838 |
Religious affiliation | Baptist |
Academic calendar | semester |
Setting | rural |
2012 Endowment | N/A |
When applying to Judson College, it's important to note the application deadline is rolling. Scores for either the ACT or SAT test are due August 25. The application fee at Judson College is $30. It is less selective, with an acceptance rate of 74.4 percent.
For more information about the tests, essays, interviews, and admissions process, visit the Applying to College knowledge center.
Selectivity | less selective |
Fall 2012 acceptance rate | 74.4% 4 |
Application deadline | rolling |
SAT/ACT scores must be received by | August 25 |
Academic Life
The average freshman retention rate, an indicator of student satisfaction, is 65 percent.
Class sizes | N/A | |
Student-faculty ratio | N/A 4 | |
4-year graduation rate | N/A | |
Five most popular majors for 2012 graduates | ||
Student Life
Total enrollment | N/A |
Student gender distribution | N/A |
Undergraduate men who are members of a fraternity | N/A |
Undergraduate women who are members of a sorority | N/A |
Collegiate athletic association | N/A |
Campus Info & Services
Judson College offers campus safety and security services like late night transport/escort service, 24-hour emergency telephones, lighted pathways/sidewalks, and controlled dormitory access (key, security card, etc). Of the students at Judson College, 92 percent have cars on campus. Alcohol is not permitted for students of legal age at Judson College.
Students who have cars on campus | 92% |
Health insurance offered | No |
More About Campus Info & Services
Paying for School
Paying for college doesn't have to be difficult or devastating. Go to the Paying for College knowledge center to get advice on raising cash and reducing costs.
Tuition and fees | $15,100 (2012-13) |
Room and board | $8,800 (2012-13) |
Financial aid statistics | N/A |
* Overview details based on 2012 data


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OneCall has the Panasonic Viera TC-P50G25 50-Inch Plasma HDTV for $1349, after $150.95 savings, plus free shipping.
Panasonic confirms older VieraCast products won't get Netflix, Skype
As soon as Panasonic announced that Netflix and Skype, among other services, would be added to its VieraCast interactive service for 2010 TVs and Blu-ray players, we wondered whether it would trickle down to the 2008 and 2009 models--namely the 800U, 850U, G10, G15, V10, and Z1 series TVs, and BD60, BD80, BD70V, and BD15 Blu-ray players. The answer, as confirmed by Panasonic Wednesday, is "nope."
The explanation from Panasonic is that the chip that handles VieraCast in the older models lacks the necessary embedded DRM (Digital Rights Management) code to enable compatibility with Netflix. That information is … Read more
Vann's has the Panasonic Viera TC-P54Z1 54-Inch Plasma HDTV for $4099.88, after $1400.10 savings.
PowerSellerNyc.com has the Panasonic Viera TC-P50G15 50-Inch Plasma TV for $1599, after $900 savings, plus free shipping.
Amazon.com has the Panasonic Viera TH-58PZ800U 58-Inch Plasma HDTV for $2399.95, after $1300 savings, plus free shipping.
Even bigger Panasonic plasma still a great value
For some people, a 50-inch HDTV just isn't big enough. Panasonic created its new 54-inch screen size, represented here by the TC-P54G10, for just those kinds of people. This set competes directly against the new 55-inch LCD size for your big-screen consideration, and occupies a nice middle ground between merely large 50-inch plasmas and truly gigantic 58- and 60-inchers.
In our testing, the TC-P54G10 proved every bit the equal of its smaller brothers in the company's G10 series, which remains one of the best value propositions on the market for shoppers who prize picture quality.
Read the full … Read more
Panasonic adds Amazon-streaming content to Blu-ray players
Panasonic announced this morning that Amazon Video On Demand streaming has been added to the company's Blu-ray players, including the DMP-BD60K, DMP-BD80K, DMP-B15, DMP-BD70V, and home theater systems with integrated Blu-ray, such as the SC-BT200 and SC-BT300. Amazon streaming is integrated into Panasonic's online media portal, VieraCast, that already includes content from YouTube, Picasa, weather, and Bloomberg stock quotes.
We have the SC-BT200 on hand, and we took the Amazon streaming service for quick spin. The experience is essentially identical to what we experienced when reviewing the TC-PV10 series of Panasonic plasmas. The pay-per-view movie and TV service … Read more
Study: 'I want my Internet on TV'
A new study by the Consumer Electronics Association, the industry group representing electronics manufacturers, finds that nearly half of prospective TV buyers say they want to buy an Internet-connected TV.
The study, conducted in December 2008, asked respondents to say how they'd use their connected sets, and the most popular answers included accessing information about current TV shows or identifying a song played on a show (48 percent) and finding out more about the actors (44 percent). Asked whether they currently surf the Web while watching TV, 30 percent of "online adults" responded "always or usually" while 32 percent answered "sometimes."
Activities likely to be moved from the PC to the living room TV include watching online video (62 percent), getting weather updates (59 percent), and playing online games (57 percent).… Read more
Panasonic shoots for Kuro with TC-PG10 series
Ever since we called the Pioneer Elite Kuro PRO-111FD the "best flat-panel HDTV ever," we've been comparing the most expensive challengers on the market directly against it, looking to see if any could topple the champ. When Panasonic announced the TC-PG10 series at CES, we immediately knew it would go up against the Kuro in our lab. What we didn't know is that Pioneer would stop producing HDTVs, leaving the hill wide open for anybody to claim the king's throne.
The Panasonic G10 series is the new king. No, it's not as good overall … Read more


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Now that you are in college, you've got the freedom to make your own decisions about your life. That includes how much (if ever) and how often you drink, smoke or take drugs. But before you start partying every night, take a look at some of the links below and make sure you know all the facts about alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. Are you good to go?
You might know that a .10% BAL puts you over the legal limit for driving, but do you know how alcohol effects your body in the .05-06% range? At what percent do blackouts start to occur? And if you are a 140-lb. woman who has 5 drinks in two hours, how do you know exactly what you BAL is, anyway? For answers to all of these questions and more, take a look at this Blood Alcohol Level Table.
Here are some hints for maintaining a moderate blood alcohol concentration (adapted from How Alcohol Effects Us):
Additional Links:
The Red Watch Band movement is designed to end alcohol overdose deaths by teaching students how to handle alcohol emergencies and summon professional help. All participants who complete the RWB training receive CPR certification and are able to understand how alcohol emergencies are medical emergencies that require immediate, professional care. For a full training schedule, click on the watch below.
Finally, test your own (or someone else's) alcohol use by using our free, anonymous online screening. Or, take the BASICS screening to obtain even more personalized information about your alcohol or marijuana usage patterns; your results are confidential. You can also obtain individual BAL (blood alcohol level) information given your gender and weight using this Blood Alcohol Chart.
Thinking about making changes to your own use patterns? Talk it over with our AOD Counselor, Sarah Covell. Make an appointment with Sarah by calling 585-245-5716 (on Tuesdays, also visit with Sophie!).
Don't drink alcohol but still want great refreshment? Check out webtender.com's awesome selection of non-alcoholic mixed drinks.


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Scrummaster.dk/Teamresponz ApS
Kurt Nielsen
Date: 16-17 December, 2013 Location: Brno, Czech Republic
Regular Price: EUR
Certified Scrum Master course in Brno
All CSM courses are taught by Certified Scrum Trainers. Taking a CSM course, passing the CSM test, and accepting the license agreement designates you as a Certified ScrumMaster, which indicates that you have been introduced to and understand the basic concepts you need to perform as a ScrumMaster or team member on a Scrum team. This course also satisfies two elements of the CSD track: Scrum Introduction and Elective.
Venue:Aguarra, s.r.o.??Brno, Czech Republichttp://www.aguarra.cz/training-methodology-SCRUM-LEAN-KANBAN-TRIZ.htmlGet Directions


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May We Suggest
This blog provides customized book recommendations to our patrons. To get your own, just fill out the May We Suggest form and you can expect results within 10 days. You can also like May We Suggest on facebook.
If you like Rosamunde Pilcher...
- Circle of Friends or any other title by Maeve Binchy
- Windfallen by Jojo Moyes
- The Men and the Girls by Joanna Trollope
If you like Jacqueline Winspear...
and her Maisie Dobbs mystery series featuring a British woman-detective set between World Wars I and II then you might also enjoy these titles,
- Whose Body? by Dorothy Sayers
- Cover her Face by P. D. James
- A Share in Death by Deborah Crombie
- Sweet Poison by David Roberts
Rainbow Magic Read-alikes
Fantasy With a Little Romance On the Side
- Bitten by Kelley Armstrong
- The Mists of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley
- The Dark Mirror by Juliet Marillier
- Darkfever by Karen Marie Moning
- Poison Study by Maria V. Snyder
Green Reads
Did you notice that a lot of new books feature stories about the environment? Even some of our favorite characters are "going green". Check out these titles to see what I mean:
SpongeBob goes green!: an earth-friendly adventure by Molly Reisner; illustrated by Stephen Reed
OK go by Carin Berger
Cam Jansen and the green school mystery by David A. Adler; illustrated by Joy Allen
Just Grace goes green by written and illustrated by Charise Mericle Harper
Enter the earth by Lee Welles; illustrated by Ann Hameister
Scat by Carl Hiaasen
My life in pink & green by Lisa Greenwald
Bedroom Makeover
Does your bedroom need a fresh look for the new school year? Have no fear, we have a interior decorating book just for you. For help with making over your bedroom, check out:
I wanna re-do my room by Clea Hantman; illustrated by Azadeh Houshyar
Bedroom makeover crafts by Kathy Ross; illustrated by Nicole in den Bosch
Room crafts: add some simple style to your space by from the editors of American Girl
African American Romance Authors
Suspense, Drama and Fantasy
- The genesis code by John Case
- The Club Dumas by Arturo Pérez-Reverte
- The Merlin trilogy by Mary Stewart
- Jonathan Strange & Mr.
From Page to Stage
I always enjoy movie adaptations of favorite books. Even when I don't agree with the director's interpretation of the work (the end of Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince had me downright angry!) there is a special magic in seeing beloved characters come to life on screen. If you also enjoy books and their film adapations, here's a list for you.
Atonement: Book / DVD


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Secure Donation's Using AMEX
Focusing on saving Death Row Animals from kill shelters; fostering them in a home; providing them with all the love and medical attention they require until they find their forever homes; educating the community about the animal over population problem and the importance of spaying and neutering.
Our day begins with logging onto our computer, only to find we have a mere 161 emails to read before finishing our morning cup of coffee. Some of the subject titles read, 'Senior Hound, last day is today', 'Overflowing with Puppies', '13 more left, please help' , 'Shy girl, and 3 legged beagle due to be gassed Tuesday'. Imagine a having such a death sentence being held over your head, opening email after email, seeing the faces of fluffy, highly adoptable puppies, a scared little Shepherd curled up in the corner of a dirty kennel, a Labrador with just a blur behind him where the camera couldn't capture how fast his tail was wagging.
Sometimes, well... no, most times, our eyes are welled up with tears, and the thoughts of: Where are we going to put them? How will we pay for the transport? What if one is heartworm positive, how will we pay for the treatment? This is when we take a deep breath, email our volunteers, start brainstorming about fund raising ideas, rebalance the checkbook, and just end the morning with an emailed response of 'We'll take them all', backed only with one thought... 'We'll figure it out'. It sounds haphazard, and you might be thinking to yourself, that we made an irresponsible decision, do we really think we can save them ALL? How can we commit to taking a dog, sight unseen, with no idea about their health or temperament? Most of all you are probably asking yourself, 'why do we put ourselves through this?' or 'I could never do that, I just couldn't handle it.'
Approximately 7 million pets will die this year in shelters across the US. Some die humanely with lethal injection, some will be thrown into a gas chamber and die a slow, frightening death, some will be shot, or beaten. They will die with a feeling of abandonment, lonesomeness, and fear. Yet, these dogs are real, they are living... breathing... beings that crave love, companionship, and trust, while offering the same in return. They feel pain, hunger and sadness and we do what we do because we want to make a difference. If we can bring comfort to just one, we will. If we can save just one life, we will. The stories we read and each dog's story is heart-wrenching, the numbers of those we can't help are overwhelming, and everyday we are haunted by the faces of those we can't save. We cannot stop. We will not stop, until all of the cages are empty.
Eleventh Hour Rescue is made up of dedicated individuals who believe that innocent pets deserve love and a place to live where they are honored and cared for. No dog or cat deserves to die simply because it does not have a home. We rescue dogs and cats at their Eleventh Hour--when they are scheduled to be put to death by shelters that can no longer care for them. We give them all the medical attention they require, a place to live, and through our adoption services, a second chance at a happy and fulfilled life. We are affiliated with many like-minded animal groups throughout the United States.
Other than a small staff of kennel caretakers, as well as a small staff to run our Mt Olive Adoption Center, Eleventh Hour Rescue is run completely by our caring, overachieving, amazing volunteers, even our officers do not get paid.
We get paid in kisses, purrs and tail wags.


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US 5576222 A Abstract An image sensor (10) has a substrate (1), an active layer (3') having a source region and a drain region placed on said substrate (1), a gate insulation layer (4') placed on said active layer, and a gate electrode layer (5') on said gate insulation layer (4'). The active layer (3') is produced by the steps of producing amorphous silicon layer by using disilane gas (Si.sub.2 H.sub.6) through Low Pressure CVD process, and annealing said layer at 500 nitrogen gas atmosphere. The gate insulation layer (4') is produced through oxidation of the surface of the active layer at high temperature around 900 temperature improves the anneal process and improves the active layer. Thus, an image sensor with uniform characteristics is obtained with improved producing yield rate.
Claims(7) 1. A method for producing a non single crystal semiconductor device comprising the steps of;
placing an amorphous silicon layer on a substrate through low pressure CVD process using disilane gas, effecting solid phase growth to said amorphous silicon layer to obtain an active layer by heating said substrate together with said layer at temperature in the range 500 producing an insulation layer on said solid phase growth layer by oxidizing the surface of said solid phase growth layer at a temperature in the range 900 atmosphere and wet atmosphere, implanting donor impurities into said solid phase growth layer around said insulation layer to form a source and a drain of a transistor, and placing a conductive layer on said insulation layer as a gate electrode, and further comprising depositing a capacitor, a resistor and a switching transistor on said substrate, including the steps of; depositing a resistor layer together with a conductive wiring layer coupled with said resistor layer, said resistor layer being provided at the same time as said conductive layer on said insulation layer as a gate electrode. depositing a capacitor having a dielectric layer sandwiched by a pair of conductive layers, said dielectric layer being provided at the same time as said insulation layer, and said pair of conductive layers being provided at the same time as said active layer and said conductive layer on said insulation layer as a gate electrode, and depositing at least one transistor of MOS structure having an active layer, a gate insulation layer, and a gate electrode, said deposition of said transistor being performed at the same time as said non single crystal semiconductor device. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein growth rate of said amorphous silicon layer is in the range between 50 Å/minute and 500 Å/minute.
3. The method as defined by claim 1, wherein said solid phase growth of said amorphous layer is performed by heating in a nitrogen atmosphere.
4. A method for producing a non single crystal semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising the step of performing a hydrogenation on at least said silicon layer in a hydrogen atmosphere.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said hydrogenation is carried out at 400
6. A method for producing a non single crystal semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising the step of performing a hydrogenation on at least said silicon layer in a hydrogen atmosphere.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said hydrogenation is carried out at about 400
Description This is a continuation-in-part application based upon U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/189,498 filed Jan. 31, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,442,198, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/825,552, filed Jan. 27, 1992 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,455). The present invention relates to a thin film transistor (TFT) having optical-electrical conversion function or an image sensor, and producing method of such a transistor. In particular, the present invention relates to such a transistor, or an image sensor, which is excellent in productivity or producing yield rate. Conventionally, a photo-diode, and/or a photo-conductor type cell has been used as an optical-electrical converter or an image sensor in a facsimile device and/or a copy machine et al. In those devices, amorphous silicon, single crystal silicon, C.sub.d S, C.sub.d S.sub.e, C.sub.d S-S.sub.e have been used. FIG. 7 shows a prior solid state image sensor. FIG. 7A is a circuit diagram of a sensor module, and FIG. 7B is an enlarged cross section of the portion enclosed by dotted line in FIG. 7A. In FIG. 7A, the numeral 91 is a thin film transistor (TFT), 92 is a photo-diode, and 93 is a shift register, which is coupled with the photo-diode for operating the same. The symbols V.sub.DD, V.sub.SS, CL, V.sub.BB, GND et al show terminals for input, output, and/or power supply. As shown in FIG. 7B, the thin film transistor 91 and the photo-diode 92 are produced on a single substrate 94 made of quartz. The transistor 91 comprises a poly-silicon layer 95, a gate insulation film 96, and a gate electrode 97, and the photo-diode 92 comprises an amorphous silicon layer 100, an amorphous silicon layer 101 doped with boron, and ITO (indium tin oxide) layer 102. In FIG. 7B, 98 is an oxide layer, 99 is an electrode, and 103 is a passivation layer. A prior image sensor has, separately, an image sensor portion made of a photo-diode 92, and a drive circuit portion made of a thin film transistor 91, and those portions are produced separately. As for an image sensor, not only an photo-diode of FIG. 7, but also a photo-transistor using amorphous silicon, and/or a multi-chip type image sensor using single crystal silicon is possible. However, a prior solid state image sensor shown in FIG. 7 has the disadvantage that an image sensor portion and a circuit portion for operating said image sensor portion are produced separately. Therefore, the producing steps must include the steps for producing an image sensor portion, the steps for producing the related circuit portion, and the steps for coupling those two portions. Therefore, the producing steps are complicated, and producing yield rate decreases, and the producing cost increases. In addition, as a photo-diode for an image sensor has no function for amplification, a separate amplifier circuit must be attached. Another prior image sensor, for instance, a photo-transistor using amorphous silicon has the disadvantage that optical response is slow, and it is not used for high speed facsimile system. It has further the problem for stability of layers, and operational reliability. Another prior image sensor, like, multi-chip type image sensor using crystal silicon has the disadvantage that characteristics of each chip are not uniform, and therefore, an image sensor for intermediate darkness is difficult. In addition, the coupling between chips is difficult, and therefore, it is impossible to provide excellent picture. Further, it must have an selfoc lens when it is used as a contact type image sensor. Further, in practical application of an image sensor for a facsimile which has a plurality of image sensors, the electrical characteristics of each image sensor are not uniform due to ununiformness of mobility and/or threshold voltage of each image sensor, and therefore, output potential of each image sensor relating to each dot of facsimile signal at dark condition is not uniform. If dark output is not uniform, the measure of illumination is difficult, since dark output is reference output. Therefore, conventionally, dark output for each pixel is stored in a ROM (read only memory), and a bright output of an image sensor is compared with a dark output which is stored in the ROM, in order to determine whether it is dark or bright. Therefore, conventionally, dark output of each pixel of a series of image sensors is measured and the measured value is stored in the ROM. Therefore, an image sensor for a facsimile system is very expensive. It is an object, therefore, of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages and limitations of a prior semiconductor device by providing a new and improved semiconductor device. It is also an object of the present invention to provide an image sensor in which plane operation is possible, having related transistor elements on the same substrate. It is also an object of the present invention to provide an image sensor which is uniform in electrical characteristics. It is still another object of the present invention to provide an image sensor which has a capacitor which stores reference charge at dark condition. The above and other objects are attained by a method for producing a non single crystal semiconductor device comprising the steps of; placing amorphous silicon layer on a substrate through low pressure CVD process using disilane gas; effecting solid phase growth to said amorphous silicon layer by heating said substrate together with said layer in nitrogen gas atmosphere at temperature 500 producing an insulation layer on said solid phase growth layer by oxidizing surface of said solid phase growth layer at temperature 900 and wet atmosphere; implanting donor into said solid phase growth layer around said insulation layer for a source and a drain of a transistor; and placing a conductive layer on said insulation layer as a gate electrode. The foregoing and other objects, features, and attendant advantages of the present invention will be appreciated as the same become better understood by means of the following description and accompanying drawings wherein; FIG. 1 shows cross sectional view of an image sensor according to the present invention, FIGS. 2(A), 2(B), 2(C), 2(D), 2(E), and 2(F) show producing steps of the image sensor of FIG. 1, FIGS. 3(A) and 3(B) show the continuation of the producing steps of the image sensor of FIG. 1, FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B) show characteristics curves of the image sensor according to the present invention, FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of the image sensor which stores dark potential according to the present invention, FIGS. 6(A), 6(B), and 6(C) show an IC pattern of the image sensor according to the present invention, and FIGS. 7(A) and 7(B) show a prior image sensor. FIG. 1 is a cross section of the image sensor according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 show the producing steps of the image sensor according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, the numeral 1 is a substrate, 2 is an insulation layer made of S.sub.i O.sub.2, 3 is an active layer, 4' is a gate insulation layer, 5' is a gate electrode, 6 is a source region, 6' is a drain region, 7 is an insulation layer, 8 is an electrode, and 10 shows a whole view of an image sensor or a thin film transistor (TFT). The producing steps of the image sensor of FIG. 1 is described in accordance with FIGS. 2 and 3. (1) A substrate 1, for instance, a quartz substrate is placed, and an insulation layer 2 of S.sub.i O.sub.2 is deposited on the substrate 1 by the thickness 3000 Å through sputtering process (see FIG. 2A). (2) An amorphous silicon layer 3 is produced on the insulation layer 2 by the thickness 500 Å-2000 Å through LPCVD process (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition)(see FIG. 2B), using disilane gas (Si.sub.2 H.sub.6). The process condition is as follows. ______________________________________Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 gas 100-500 SCCM (standard cubic centimeter per minute)He gas 500 SCCMPressure 0.1 TorrTemperature 430-500______________________________________ Preferably, the growth rate of the amorphous silicon layer is in the range between 50 Å/minute and 500 Å/minute. The value of the growth rate affects to the oxygen density is the layer. The preferable oxygen density is less than 2 a large crystal does not grow in the following anneal process, or the solid state growth process. The important factor for providing that low oxygen density is the growth rate of the layer. The growth rate may be controlled by adjusting concentration of disilane gas, and flow rate of disilane gas. (3) An anneal process is carried out for the amorphous layer 3 to provide non-single crystal silicon layer. The anneal process crystallizes the amorphous silicon layer 3 produced through Low Pressure CVD process. In the embodiment, the anneal process is carried out through solid state growth in nitrogen (N.sub.2) atmosphere. The process condition of anneal process is as follows. ______________________________________N.sub.2 1 SLM (standard liter per minute)Temperature 500-650Process time 4-50, preferably 15 hours______________________________________ If temperature is lower than 500 active layer is obtained. If the temperature is higher than 650 C., a crystal grain does not grow, and electrical characteristic is deteriorated. If the process time is shorter than 4 hours, anneal is insufficient, and if the process time is longer than 50 hours, the result is the same as that of 50 hours. The atmosphere is not restricted to nitrogen gas, but helium gas (He) atmosphere is possible. The size of crystal grains in the active layer in the above processes is in the range between 250 to 8000 Å. (4) An island 3' is shaped by patterning the non-single crystal silicon layer which was annealed (see FIG. 2C). (5) The whole surface of the substrate including said island 3' is thermally oxidized to produce a gate insulation layer 4 by the thickness 1000 Å (see FIG. 2D). The process condition for the gate insulation layer is as follows. ______________________________________O.sub.2 gas 2.7 SLMTemperature 900-1100 1000Process time 150 minutes______________________________________ The thermal oxidation process around 1000 producing a gate insulation layer 4, but also for supplement for the anneal process for the island 3'. The supplement of the anneal process at high temperature improves an active layer, and provides excellent electrical characteristics of an image sensor. If the temperature is lower than 900 layer is deteriorated, and the withstand voltage of an image sensor is lowered. If the temperature is higher than 1100 quartz is broken. The oxidation may be either dry oxidation in dry atmosphere, or wet oxidation in water-vapor atmosphere. (6) An amorphous layer 5 which functions as a gate electrode is produced on said gate insulation layer 4 through plasma CVD process (see FIG. 2E). The process condition for producing said amorphous layer 5 is as follows. ______________________________________SiH.sub.4 gas 10-50 SCCM5% PH.sub.3 /H.sub.2 gas 5-20 SCCMPressure 0.1-0.5 TorrPower 50-500 wattsTemperature 200-400______________________________________ (7) The gate electrode layer 5 and the gate insulation layer 4 are patterned through etching process to provide a gate insulation layer 4' and the gate electrode 5' (see FIG. 2F). (8) An impurity, which is phosphor (P) for an N-channel transistor, or boron (B) for a P-channel transistor, is doped through ion doping process into the crystallized non-single crystal silicon layer 3' with the mask by the gate insulation layer 4' in order to provide the source region 6 and the drain region 6'. The embodiment of FIG. 3A shows the case of the doping of phosphor (P). (9) Next, the whole body is heated in nitrogen atmosphere (N.sub.2) for five hours at 550 crystallization of amorphous silicon layer 5' for a gate electrode. (10) Then, the hydrogenation process is carried out for the whole body at 400 density of semiconductor is decreased. (11) An inter-layer insulation layer 7 of S.sub.i O.sub.2 is produced on the whole surface of the substrate by the thickness 4000 Å through TEOS process (Tetraethoxy Silane). The inter-layer insulation layer 7 provides insulation between semiconductor elements on the same substrate (for instance, an image sensor is insulated from other transistors). The process condition of the insulation layer 7 is as follows. ______________________________________TEOS gas 10-50 SCCMO.sub.2 gas 500 SCCMPower 50-300 wattsTemperature 400______________________________________ (12) The insulation layer 7 is patterned to provide a contact hole (see FIG. 3B). (13) Finally, an aluminium layer for an electrode is attached and said layer is patterned to provide aluminium electrode 8, and an image sensor of FIG. 1 is completed. In the above constitution, input light A illuminates light receiving region between a drain and a source on an active layer 3' through a transparent substrate as shown in FIG. 1. When a gate electrode 5 is made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), instead of aluminium, input light may illuminate an active layer through the electrode 8 as shown by B in FIG. 1. FIGS. 4A and 4B show characteristics curves of the relations between drain current (I.sub.D) and gate voltage (V.sub.G). The sample in those curves has the gate width (W) 180 μm, and the gate length (L) 20 μm. FIG. 4A shows the case that the voltage V.sub.D between the source and the drain is 0.1 V, and FIG. 4B shows the case that V.sub.D is 1.00 V. In those figures, the curve A shows the case that it is dark, and the curve B shows the case that it is bright. The curve C, which is the difference between the curves A and B, shows the light current. The vertical axis is indicated by logarithm scale, therefore, although it appears that the curve B coincides with the curve A when V.sub.G is high, the difference between the curves A and B exists as shown by the curve C. As shown by the curves A, B and C in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the present image sensor has sensitivity for external light. As the curve A shows the case it is dark, and the curve B shows the case it is bright, the curve C which is the difference between the curves A and B shows the optical sensitivity. It is quite clear that the drain current I.sub.D when it is bright is different from that when it is dark, and the difference shows the optical sensitivity. Next, the dark potential hold type image sensor according to the present invention is described in accordance with FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of said dark potential hold type image sensor, and FIG. 6 shows the IC pattern of semiconductor. In FIG. 5, the numeral 11 is an image sensor as described in accordance with FIGS. 1 through 3, 12 is a switch having a P-channel thin film transistor 13 and an N-channel thin film transistor 14 coupled parallel with each other, R.sub.1 is a resistor and C.sub.1 is a capacitor. Those transistors 13 and 14 have MOS structure and are produced on the same substrate as that of the image sensor 11, together with the resistor R.sub.1 and the capacitor C.sub.1. The operation of the circuit of FIG. 5 is described below. (1) When it is dark, the switching signal SW is applied to the gate of the transistor 13, and the switching signal -SW is applied to the gate of the transistor 14, so that the switch 12 is switched to ON state, and the drain potential V.sub.D of the image sensor 11 is held in the capacitor C.sub.1. In that case, it is assumed that the gate voltage V.sub.G is applied to the gate of the image sensor 11, and the current relating to gm.V.sub.G flows through the drain-source circuit of the image sensor, said current generates voltage drop across the resistor R.sub.1. Thus, the potential V.sub.D0 at the junction of the resistor R.sub.1 and the image sensor 11 is held in the capacitor C.sub.1. The value gm is determined by the ratio of the channel length and the channel width, mobility of semiconductor, gate voltage V.sub.G, and the threshold voltage of the image sensor. Then, the switch 12 is switched to OFF state. (2) Next, when it is bright and the image sensor 11 is illuminated, the resistance between the drain and the source of the image sensor decreases, and more current than it is dark flows, and the potential V.sub.D1 at the junction of the resistor R.sub.1 and the image sensor 11 becomes lower than V.sub.D0 which is held in the capacitor C.sub.1, The potential V.sub.D1 depends upon the illumination. (3) Next, the switch 12 is switched to ON state. Then, the charge held in the capacitor C.sub.1 flows or discharges through the switch 12 and the image sensor 11. The discharge current is measured by the current meter 15 which is in series with the capacitor C.sub.1. The discharge current continues until the potential across the capacitor C.sub.1 reaches V.sub.D1. The total of the discharge depends upon the illumination or the intensity of the image sensor 11. Thus, the illumination is measured. By the way, as an image sensor 11 has constant current characteristics, the illumination may be measured by a current meter 15A which is inserted between the power source V.sub.DD and the resistor R.sub.1. When the capacitor C.sub.1 discharges, the power supply does not supply current, and as the discharge decreases, the current from the power supply increases. Therefore, the measure of the current in the power supply may provide the illumination. As the discharge depends upon the difference between V.sub.D0 and V.sub.D1, the illumination is measured by V.sub.D0 and V.sub.D1. The capacitor C.sub.1 may remove a ROM which has been used for storing dark potential as reference potential in a prior image sensor. According to the present invention, dark output V.sub.D0 of an image sensor is held in a capacitor C.sub.1, and it is determined whether it is dark or bright by comparing bright output V.sub.D1 with dark output V.sub.D0 which is stored in the capacitor. The capacitor C.sub.1 is produced on the same substrate as that of the image sensor itself through thin film technique. When not only dark/bright output, but also half tone output or multilevel output is desired, a plurality reference potentials (0 through V.sub.10) are stored in the capacitors C.sub.0 through C.sub.10, and it is determined between which adjacent reference potentials the drain potential V.sub.D1 falls. When an output is binary, V.sub.D1 is compared with the highest reference potential V.sub.10, and when an output is multilevel, V.sub.D1 is compared with each of the reference potentials. FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of an IC pattern of an image sensor of FIG. 5. FIG. 6A is the plane view of the whole pattern, FIG. 6B is the cross section along A-A' of FIG. 6A, and FIG. 6C is the cross section along B-B' of FIG. 6A. The symbol V.sub.DD is the power source circuit, the symbol GND is the ground circuit, and V.sub.G is the gate potential circuit. An image sensor 11 and a resistor R.sub.1 exist along the line A-A', a capacitor C.sub.1 and a MOS transistor 13 exist along the line B-B'. A black rectangle 30 shows an electrode of each element for connection with another element. In FIG. 6, the image sensor 11 has an active layer 23, a gate insulation layer 25, a gate electrode layer 24, an inter-layer insulation layer 22, and wiring layer 21 of aluminium (see FIG. 6B). The resistor R.sub.1 is produced when the gate electrode layer 24 is deposited, alternatively, it may be produced when the source and the drain are deposited. The capacitor C.sub.1 is produced by the active layer 23, the gate insulation layer 25 and the gate electrode layer 24, when those layers for the image sensor are produced. The capacitance is provided between the conductive layers 23 and 24 through the insulation layer 25. Alternatively, the capacitance may be provided by using an inter-layer insulation layer 22 which is sandwiched by a pair of conductive layers. The switching transistor 13 is comprised of the active layer 23, the gate insulation layer 25, the gate electrode layer 24, the inter-layer insulation layer 22 and the wiring layer 21, and is produced at the extension of the capacitor C.sub.1. Another switching transistor 14 is produced adjacent to the transistor 13 as shown in FIG. 6A. It should be noted of course that the capacitor C.sub.1, the resistor R.sub.1, and a pair of transistors 13 and 14 are produced on the common substrate at the same time as the image sensor 11 is produced. As mentioned above in detail, an active layer of the present image sensor is produced by using disilane (S.sub.i2 H.sub.6) through Low Pressure CVD process to provide amorphous silicon layer, which is annealed. A gate insulation layer is produced through oxidation of surface of an active layer. Said oxidation at high temperature improves the anneal of the active layer. Therefore, an image sensor which is arranged on a plane is obtained with high productivity. Further, a dark output hold type image sensor according to the present invention removes a ROM which keeps dark potential in a prior art. The use of a capacitor in the present invention permits more non-uniformity in of electrical characteristics of image sensors, and provides reduction in the cost of producing an image sensor. From the foregoing it will now be apparent that a new and improved image sensor has been discovered. It should be understood of course that the embodiments disclosed are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Reference should be made to the appended claims, therefore, rather than the specification as indicating the scope of the invention. Patent Citations
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text:
Lakewood Country Golf Course was designed by J. Michael Golf Design Group from the USA. The golf course was decorated with more than 45 beautiful species of plants and more than 2,000 trees. Fairways and green were covered with Tifdwarf Bermuda grass.
More than 3,800 water sprinkles work systematically together with the drainage. The golf course is in perfect condition all year round. The whole green area is composed of three golf courses with nine holes in each. There are four tee boxes at every hole, allowing each to match their need either to boost your handicap or relaxation and recreation.
Designer |
J. Michael Poellet |
Opened |
1992 |
Holes |
18 |
Par |
72 |
Yardage |
3,320 |
Travel Time |
35 Minute |
Golf Cart |
600 Baht |
Caddy |
210 Baht |
Club Set |
800 Baht |
Umbrella |
100 Baht |
Shoes |
100 Baht |
Includes - Transportation by Japanese Luxury Sedan (Camry) orToyota Van Commuter. |
Excludes - Personel expenses such as tips, drink, cell phone etc. |
- Alpine CC, Thai CC, Royal Gems, Navatanee and Panya Indra require guaranteed bookings. Players will be charged full amount for any cancellation once booking is confirmed. |
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text:
Included in the set are the following items:
1. Slicker Brush to brush coat smooth and remove tangles gently2. Double-sided Metal Comb for general combing and grooming3. Large Rake for general combing, removing debris and dematting4. Multi-blade Stripper - a hand stripping aid that also demats long coats
Complete with storage bag.


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One of The Craziest Buzzer Beaters Ever New Rochelle stuns Mt Vernon boys basketball. It doesn't get much crazier then that! 3/3/2013 10:55:58 PM 13,951
The Fastest Hot Dog Shooter In The Trailer Park Dude fills his lungs with hot dogs, that's cool in my book! Redneck win! 2/28/2013 11:17:53 AM 16,548
Sportsmanship Feel Good Moment A rival team player gives a mentally disabled player on the other team one last try to score after he missed multiple shots at the end of the game. 2/25/2013 10:36:12 AM 21,911
FPS Russia Almost Kills Himself With Shrapnel The pickup truck door came within inches of taking him out. 2/24/2013 12:17:21 PM 35,343
Awesome Badminton Winning Shot Just when it looks like the game is about to be over, he makes the game winning kill. 2/23/2013 9:36:55 AM 15,976
Cheerleader Hits Amazing Half Court Shot This cheerleader pulls off a nifty kartwheel half court shot. 2/22/2013 11:17:06 AM 16,353
Surprise Behind The Back Ping Pong Shot He caught him off guard with that shot. 2/21/2013 12:48:39 PM 20,930


text:
Crisis in Crimea: Unrest in Ukraine's Russian Stronghold
Thursday, Feb. 27, 2014Pro-Russia forces storm government offices in the Crimean Peninsula amid reports that Russia has granted protection to ousted President Viktor Yanukovych
Ultra-Orthodox Jews Protest Israeli Draft Law
Sunday, Mar. 02, 2014Hundreds of thousands flood Jerusalem streets to protest military conscription for ultra-religious.
Venezuela's Protests Against Maduro Government Continue
Saturday, Mar. 01, 2014At least 17 people have died in clashes between security forces and pro- and anti-government demonstrators.
Central African Republic Soldiers Lynch Suspected Seleka Rebel Fighter
Wednesday, Feb. 05, 2014The hideous act came just after a ceremony where the crisis-hit country's new interim President Catherine Samba-Panza had addressed the armed forces, urging for national unity.
The Woeful State of Afghanistan's Health Care
Tuesday, Feb. 25, 2014A new report by MSF details gaping holes in Afghanistan's public health system as the country's occupation by foreign troops draws to an end
Salvation Mountain by Aaron Huey
Friday, Feb. 14, 2014Folk artist Leonard Knight, creator of Salvation Mountain, died on Monday afternoon in San Diego. He was 82.
The Year of the Horse: Chinese New Year Celebrations Around the World
Saturday, Feb. 01, 2014Kiev's Battlefield: Protests Ignite Fiery Clashes in Ukraine
Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2014Demonstrations that have gripped the capital since November over the government's refusal to make a trade deal with the European Union are turning increasingly violent as two protesters were killed during a bloody melee Wednesday.
Crisis in South Sudan: The World's Youngest Nation Struggles to Survive
Friday, Jan. 10, 2014Month after fighting erupted in the capital, Juba, pushing 200,000 people from their homes, the political power struggle between loyalists of the president and his ex-deputy rests on a knife's edge, threatening to spiral into a deadly ethnic conflict.
Assad Regime Airstrike Hits Damascus Neighborhood, Say Activists
Wednesday, Jan. 08, 2014Indonesian Volcano Erupts, Creating World of Ash
Wednesday, Jan. 08, 2014Mount Sinabung has been spewing ash and smoke for the past week, dousing the surrounding countryside and forcing some 22,000 people to evacuate nearby villages
National Zoo Panda Cub Makes Her Adorable Media Debut
Tuesday, Jan. 07, 2014Four-month-old Bao Bao met the press Monday and spoiler alert: it was really cute
Window on Infinity: A New Year's Photo Album From Space
Tuesday, Dec. 31, 2013The universe has been around for 13.8 billion years, and has been gorgeous for every one of them-as this year-end collection of images from 2013 helps prove.
Snow Covers Midwest and Northeast as Storm Rages
Thursday, Jan. 02, 2014Winter weather is causing snow to pile up from Illinois to North Carolina
How The World Celebrates New Year's Eve
Tuesday, Dec. 31, 2013Around the globe, people say goodbye to 2013 and ring in '14


text:
Linguistik-Klassifikation: Computerlinguistik / Computational linguistics
Year of publication
Document Type
- Conference Proceeding (19)
- Article (7)
- Working Paper (4)
- Book (1)
- Part of a Book (1)
- Computerlinguistik (32) (remove)
- Customizing GermaNet for the Use in Deep Linguistic Processing (2001)
- In this paper we show an approach to the customization of GermaNet to the German HPSG grammar lexicon developed in the Verbmobil project. GermaNet has a broad coverage of the German base vocabulary and fine-grained semantic classification; while the HPSG grammar lexicon is comparatively small und has a coarse-grained semantic classification. In our approach, we have developed a mapping algorithm to relate the synsets in GermaNet with the semantic sorts in HPSG. The evaluation result shows that this approach is useful for the lexical extension of our deep grammar development to cope with real-world text understanding.
- Hybrid Robust Deep and Shallow Semantic Processing for Creativity Support in Document Production (2004)
- The research performed in the DeepThought project (http://www.project-deepthought.net) aims at demonstrating the potential of deep linguistic processing if added to existing shallow methods that ensure robustness. Classical information retrieval is extended by high precision concept indexing and relation detection. We use this approach to demonstrate the feasibility of three ambitious applications, one of which is a tool for creativity support in document production and collective brainstorming. This application is described in detail in this paper. Common to all three applications, and the basis for their development is a platform for integrated linguistic processing. This platform is based on a generic software architecture that combines multiple NLP components and on robust minimal recursive semantics (RMRS) as a uniform representation language.


text:
Your favorite Apple, iPhone, iPad, iOS, Jailbreak, and Cydia site.
Thread: Problem with Joost and voipover3g
is a discussion within theNative iPhone / iPod Touch App Discussion
forums, a part of the3rd Party Apps For iPhone | iPod Touch
section;I am trying to use Joost over my 3G network. I am using voipover3g and added the bundle com.joost.joost to the .plist file. But when I try streaming an error
11-29-2008, 07:57 PM #1Problem with Joost and voipover3g
I am trying to use Joost over my 3G network. I am using voipover3g and added the bundle com.joost.joost to the .plist file. But when I try streaming an error comes up saying "Playback Error. The connection to the server was lost. This may be because of poor network connection quality. Please try again later."
Does anyone know why this is happening? Is it actually because of poor network connection quality or is it because of the voipover3g?Last edited by jsharpe; 11-29-2008 at 08:01 PM.
I read on tuaw I believe that it was a problem with joost application and there servers have you tried it with wifi the article also said a fix was coming soon
- Join Date
- Aug 2007
- Location
- Los Angeles, CA
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- 43
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you might also want to try rebooting the iPhone once your done editing the plist file, I had the same problem but after I rebooted it worked (sort of)
There are known issues that Joost is trying to resolve where the video is cut short with an error about the connection being dropped. So my suggestion is to try out different videos on Joost while on 3G, some work some dont. I find the shorter low quality ones work well, and the longer higher qualities I get the error.
The next version of the Joost app should resolve the issues.
Hope this helps.
Yeah I always reboot my iPhone after editing the .plist file. I was able to view music videos (once in a while) but I was unable to view the larger video files like tv shows.


text:
Peter Gallagher's Eyebrows to Star in Theatrical Reading of 'It's a Wonderful Life'
Here's a reason to leave the Broadway scene and fly across country: For one night only, L.A.'s Geffen Playhouse will host a staged reading of Frank Capra's holiday classic, It's A Wonderful Life. The 1946 film–listed as one of AFI's "100 Best American Films Ever Made"– is such a Christmas staple that it's hard to imagine someone other than Jimmy Stewart playing the hapless and kindhearted banker George Bailey. But the production really nailed it with their casting, announced today:New York native Peter "My Face is Smiling But My Eyebrows Tell a Darker Story" Gallagher.


text:
William Dodd biography
Born in Clayton, North Carolina, on October 21, 1869, William Dodd studied in the United States and in Germany before teaching history at Randolph-Macon College (1900–1908) and the University of Chicago (1908–1933). Dodd wrote extensively about the antebellum South, the Civil War and Woodrow Wilson. In 1933, he became ambassador to Germany, serving in that position until 1937. He died of pneumonia on February 9, 1940, in Loudoun County, Virginia.


text:
Sale Price: $18.10
List Price: $25.57
You Save: $7.47
Part Number : 72160-TA5-A02ZA
This part fits your 2011 Honda CROSSTOUR
Browse more in: FRONT DOOR LOCKS - OUTER HANDLE
Part #72160-TA5-A02ZA replaces:
Offering OEM Honda parts online for nearly a decade, we have the largest selection of OEM parts for your 2011 Honda CROSSTOUR. HANDLE ASSY., L. INSIDE *NH167L* (GRAPHITE BLACK) is backed by the Honda's 12 month warranty, so you can shop with confidence. Are you unsure whether part #72160-TA5-A02ZA will fit your Honda CROSSTOUR? We offer free advice on part fitment -- chat with us by clicking the icon above, call us at 1-800-662-5259 or e-mail us at email@example.com. You can even send us your VIN so we can validate that your order will fit your vehicle.
Component Illustration Shop All Parts Shown Below »
HANDLE ASSY., L. INSIDE *NH167L* (GRAPHITE BLACK) - 2011 Honda CROSSTOUR (72160TA5A02ZA) can be found as reference #23 in illustration


text:
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Cosplay Gen #01
76 pagesCosplay Gen is a collectible magazine (due to its book-like appearance), published twice a year. It is entirely non-profit, self-financed and contains no advertising, therefore its purchasing contributes directly to the next issue.... [More]


text:
Bounce-house rentals not all fun and games
Mayra Beltran, Staff
August 21, 2013 | Updated: August 23, 2013 3:42pm
As children's birthday parties ballooned into themed events and pricey productions in recent years, bounce houses became must-have entertainment for some parents.To continue reading this story, you will need to be a digital subscriber to HoustonChronicle.com.
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Wednesday, March 12, 2014
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Police say two separate shootings took place in the Flatlands section of Brooklyn early Saturday morning.
The NYPD says a man is in custody in connection with the shooting of a livery cab passenger early Saturday morning.
Police say the man is not cooperating with them and has not yet been charged.
Investigators say a man with a gun walked up to a livery cab after it stopped near Utica Avenue and Avenue M in Flatlands, shortly before 2:30 a.m.
They say when the man tried to reach in and steal something, the driver struggled with him and the gun went off.
A 23-year-old man in the back of the cab was hit.
He was taken to Kings County Hospital in critical condition.
The driver was not hurt.
Meanwhile, police say another shooting took place at a house party on East 54th Street at approximately 12:50 a.m. Saturday morning.
Police say one man was shot in the knee and another man was shot in the stomach and leg while two women were grazed by bullets.
All of the victims were transported to Brookdale Hospital and are in stable condition, according to police.


text: Let J-Thomas help you turn your dreams into reality. J-Thomas' shop tools section is jam packed with workshop supplies and tools to help you fix your equipment. You can minimize downtime and obstacles that come up. We offer a selection of maintance kits, air tools, fuel cans and lifts. These tools and lawn mower lifts are needed in your shop for repairing your machine while it is down. By offering professional grade, you can trust J-Thomas when working on your professional equipment.


text:
Rainbow Moon's North American Release Date Is...
...a week after it comes out in Europe.
Earlier this week, we reported some good news for gamers looking forward to the upcoming PSN-exclusive RPG Rainbow Moon: it finally had a release date. But in reality, a specific release date -- July 4th -- was only given for European gamers. All we knew about its release elsewhere was that it'd come sometime in July.
But now, we know more. The game's publisher, EastAsiaSoft, has confirmed to IGN that Rainbow Moon will come out on the North American PlayStation Store on Tuesday, July 10th for the previously announced price of $14.99.
We're still aiming to have our review of Rainbow Moon ready to go at the end of June or at the very beginning of July, so stay tuned for the final verdict on the game in the coming couple of weeks.
Colin Moriarty is an IGN PlayStation editor. You can follow him on Twitter and IGN and learn just how sad the life of a New York Islanders and New York Jets fan can be.
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Sweetness And Light The Pitch For More No. 42s April 17, 2013 There's more buzz than usual this year around baseball legend Jackie Robinson, who made his major league debut on April 15, 1947. But commentator Frank Deford says there isn't enough buzz in college athletics to help shape the Robinsons of the future. Listen Loading… 3:31 Download Playlist
Simon Says At The Spelling Bee, Spelling Is No Longer Enough April 13, 2013 Starting this year, competitors in the National Spelling Bee will not only have to know how to spell a word, but they'll also have to know what it means. Listen Loading… 2:53 Download Playlist
Sweetness And Light Tiger At The Masters: The Juncture Of Exhilaration And Peril April 10, 2013 When Tiger Woods tees off at Augusta National Golf Club this week, he will have overcome injuries and personal scandal. But commentator Frank Deford wonders whether a Masters win for Woods would be a comeback or his way of getting back at his detractors. Listen Loading… 3:33 Download Playlist
Simon Says Roger Ebert: Elegance And Empathy April 6, 2013 Roger Ebert wrote simply, abundantly, gorgeously — and on deadline for 46 years at the Chicago Sun-Times. Over the years, his work reminded us that empathy is the grace note of a good life, not just great art. Listen Loading… 2:56 Download Playlist
Sweetness And Light Baseball Isn't Dead; It Just Takes More Work To Appreciate April 3, 2013 For years, non-baseball experts have been ringing the death knell for this game. But sports commentator Frank Deford says popular team games are so deeply ingrained in our culture that they're here to stay. Listen Loading… 3:37 Download Playlist
Simon Says Humble Gestures Are New Pope's Symbol Of Service March 29, 2013 Pope Francis surprised many this week by washing the feet of young inmates in prison instead of priests in a grand basilica. The ceremony emulates the way Jesus washed the feet of his 12 disciples. On this Easter weekend, we consider the meaning behind Pope Francis' break with tradition. Listen Loading… 2:40 Download Playlist
Sweetness And Light It's Been An Ugly Year For College Basketball March 26, 2013 Frank Deford isn't impressed with the style of play — or the style of uniforms — in this year's March Madness. Listen Loading… 3:20 Download Playlist
Simon Says Resurrected Frog Gives Us Cause To Brood March 23, 2013 This week scientists announced they have reproduced the genome of an extinct amphibian, the gastric brooding frog. But animals are more than just their genomes, so NPR's Scott Simon wonders if it's necessary — or kind — to bring them back. Listen Loading… 2:34 Download Playlist
Sweetness And Light What's The Score On Spirited Sports Banter At Bars? March 20, 2013 Sports commentator Frank Deford wants to know: When did we stop arguing about sports in the time-honored bar-stool fashion? Listen Loading… 3:04 Download Playlist
Simon Says The Power Of A Father's Love Overturns His Beliefs March 15, 2013 Knowing his son was gay prompted Republican Sen. Rob Portman to reconsider his position on same-sex marriage. NPR's Scott Simon reflects on how children can cause their parents to see issues in a new light. Listen Loading… 3:01 Download Playlist
Simon Says Snowquester Fizzles, But We're Humbled Anyway March 9, 2013 After Snowquester fizzled, Scott Simon muses that snow forecasts falling so flat is a sound reminder, during a time of national debate, that experts can be wrong. Listen Loading… 2:46 Download Playlist
Sweetness And Light Catholic Universities See True Path To Salvation: Basketball March 6, 2013 A powerful leadership group — the Catholic Seven — is stepping forward and heading in a bold new direction: basketball. These schools want out of the Big (football) East Conference. Listen Loading… 3:20 Download Playlist
Sweetness And Light Dear College Presidents: Break The NCAA's Vise Grip On Athletes February 27, 2013 Student-athletes are really sucker-athletes under the organization's structure, says sports commentator Frank Deford. Will no college president speak the words that will break the organization's spell? Listen Loading… 3:40 Download Playlist
Sweetness And Light Reminders Flood In: Athletes Are People, Not Heroes February 20, 2013 We often put athletes on a pedestal. But after the latest accusations of bad behavior — accusations that include a murder charge against Oscar Pistorius — it may be time to lower that pedestal several notches, says Frank Deford. Listen Loading… 3:32 Download Playlist
Simon Says Is Honest Abe's Stovepipe Hat A Fake? February 16, 2013 State officials in Illinois want to conduct DNA tests on the top hat on display at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum to see if he ever really wore it. Museum officials think the idea is worse than bad. Listen Loading… 2:41 Download Playlist


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Looking for a shoe that encompasses casual comfort without skimping on style? These slip-ons feature a waxed canvas upper and slip-resistant sole that keep steps steady. A quilted padded lining and lightweight design mean that whether at work or at play, Mom will bask in luxurious comfort.


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"Like its author--or, more precisely, because of him--historian and commentator Tony Judt's new book is by turns fascinating, edifying and frustrating....His latest work, [REAPPRAISALS] collects 24 of his essays, most of which have been published in the New York Review of Books and the New Republic....The best of them (and they are very good indeed) deal with some of 20th century Europe's major intellectual figures...or with consequential historical phenomena such as the fall of France in 1940 and Romania's emblematic nationalism."
Tim Rutten, Los Angeles Times, 04/23/2008
Review:"Whether lauding or loathing, Judt proves provocative."
Gilbert Taylor, Booklist, 03/01/2008
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Book Description: Blackstone Audiobooks. Book Condition: BRAND NEW. BRAND NEW AUDIOBOOK ON CD ROM - Unabridged A Brand New Quality Book on CD from a Full-Time Bookshop in business since 1992!. Bookseller Inventory # 712684 Bookseller & Payment Information | More Books from this Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question |
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Judt, Tony Quantity Available: 2
Book Description: Blackstone Audiobooks, Inc., 2008. Compact Disc. Book Condition: Brand New. unabridged edition. 6.50x7.00x2.00 inches. In Stock. Bookseller Inventory # 1433213761 Bookseller & Payment Information | More Books from this Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question |
Portions of this page may be (c) 2006 Muze Inc. Some database content may also be provided by Baker & Taylor Inc. Copyright 1995-2006 Muze Inc. For personal non-commercial use only. All rights reserved. Content for books is owned by Baker & Taylor, Inc. or its licensors and is subject to copyright and all other protections provided by applicable law.
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Acute Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone by Dietary Phosphate
- Full Text View
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- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Patients with end stage renal disease often have secondary hyperparathyroidism due to high phosphorus and low calcium levels in the blood. Preliminary animal studies and our initial human study indicate that the parathyroid hormone levels may change quickly based on the ingestion of phosphorus, prior to any change in the blood levels of calcium or phosphorus. This follow-up study will attempt to determine if the effect is independent of an increase in the blood glucose level. If so, this would suggest an as yet unidentified gastrointestinal receptor that mediates parathyroid hormone levels. This may affect the timing of administration and the type of phosphate binder used in treating patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The knowledge that parathyroid hormone levels can change acutely may also affect the recommended timing of blood samples
Condition |
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism |
Study Type: | Observational |
Study Design: | Observational Model: Defined Population Time Perspective: Longitudinal |
Official Title: | Acute Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone by Dietary Phosphate |
This study is observational and no drugs or other interventions will be used. The population targeted in this study will be adult patients already on chronic hemodialysis with a diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Experimental design will involve the use of a glucose clamp to maintain a constant, mild increase in blood glucose levels. Frequent, scheduled lab tests will be obtained during the period of hyperglycemia to evaluate phosphorous, calcium, and glucose levels and the relationship of any change in their values to changes in the parathyroid hormone level. The primary outcome will be to evaluate for any change in the parathyroid hormone level in the presence of hyperglycemia and to compare these results to that of our initial study
Ages Eligible for Study: | 21 Years and older |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
- Patients 21 years of age or older
- Receiving treatment with hemodialysis for at least 90 days.
- Serum parathyroid hormone level greater than 200 pg/ml
- Serum phosphorus level greater than 4 mg/dl
No publications provided
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00037193 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | NCRR-M01RR00036-0855 |
Study First Received: | May 16, 2002 |
Last Updated: | June 23, 2005 |
Health Authority: | United States: Federal Government |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Parathyroid Diseases Endocrine System Diseases |
Hormones Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Physiological Effects of Drugs Pharmacologic Actions |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 11, 2014


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John Hinde Postcard
Paddy Lydon has died aged 65. He was photographed collecting turf with his younger sister and a donkey in this iconic John Hinde photograph taken half a century ago.
Paddy Lydon has died aged 65. He was photographed collecting turf with his younger sister and a donkey in this iconic John Hinde photograph taken half a century ago.
A lively mix of topical stories, human interest and lifestyle features with John Murray
This morning we bring news of a first ever tour as the show joins forces with the RTE Symphony Orchestra & our three wonderful sopranos, Celine Byrne, Cara O'Sullivan & Regina Nathan will be taking to the road & they join John in studio this morning.
This summer from Wednesday June 5th to Saturday June 8th, The John Murray Show will be travelling to four venues, Galway, Limerick, Cork & Waterford for an evening of orchestral & operatic favourites. We want to offer four lucky listeners a chance to join us on stage to sing with the sopranos, one singer with each venue. Email email@example.com for further information. The Closing Date is Monday 15th @ 5.pm.
It is just two days until our big outing to Cullahill, Co. Laois & a few of you were asking what to wear, so who better to give us a special forecast is Laois's most famous daughter, Evelyn Cusack from Met Eireann. Also on the line is one of the two local farmers, Michael Phelan & Vincent O'Sullivan, who have been getting the place ready & it is Michael who joins us now.
Joining us on the line now are some of our listeners who would like a chance to sing with our 3 sopranos as part of the John Murray Show Summer Tour
If you require a CD copy of this programme please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com or click here for RTÉ Archives sales form. Transfer fees and terms and conditions apply.
John Murray


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Definition of ciguatera in English:
Line breaks: ci¦gua|teraPronunciation: /ˌsɪgwəˈtɛːrə
- Poisoning by neurotoxins as a result of eating the flesh of tropical marine fish that carries a toxic dinoflagellate.
- This is caused by Gambierdiscus toxicus, division (or phylum) Dinophyta
More example sentences- However, a few species, such as the blue parrotfish and one Indo-Pacific species, have caused ciguatera in humans.
- Seafood ingestion syndromes such as diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, ciguatera poisoning, and scombroid poisoning also can cause diarrhea in travelers.
- Each year, ciguatera poisoning accounts for several thousand illnesses in Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Hawaii, and Florida.
mid 19th century: from American Spanish, from cigua 'sea snail'.


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Asian Citrus Salmon Recipe
A light, citrusy marinade makes something special of these salmon fillets that are done in no time flat. —Randi Amador, Dinuba, California
- 1 medium orange
- 4 salmon fillets (6 ounces each)
- 1/2 cup reduced-sodium soy sauce
- 1/4 cup sliced red onion
- 1/4 cup olive oil
- 2 garlic cloves, minced
- 2 teaspoons minced fresh gingerroot
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/8 teaspoon pepper
- 1/2 cup slivered almonds, toasted
- Finely grate 1/2 teaspoon peel and squeeze juice from orange; place in a large resealable plastic bag. Add the salmon, soy sauce, onion, oil, garlic and ginger; seal bag and turn to coat. Refrigerate for 30 minutes. Drain and discard marinade.
- Place salmon on a baking sheet. Broil 4-6 in. from the heat for 10-12 minutes or until fish flakes easily with a fork. Sprinkle with salt and pepper; top with almonds. Yield: 4 servings.
Originally published as Asian Citrus Salmon in Healthy Cooking
February/March 2012, p51
Reviews for Asian Citrus Salmon(4)
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Reviewed Mar. 27, 2012
I didn't like this.
Reviewed Mar. 23, 2012
With the first bite, our taste buds came alive! What a great and pleasing combination of flavors. Instead of broiling, I baked the fillets at 350 for 20 minutes along with some vegetables I was roasting; they were slightly more done than I wanted, but this is another way of preparing them.
Reviewed Mar. 14, 2012
Wonderful, my whole family including teenage boys loved this!
Reviewed Mar. 3, 2012
I am traditionally not a huge salmon fan, but this was the BEST salmon I have ever eaten in my life! The blend of flavors is perfect!
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Product Description
infoTmic : ARM11 1GHz + HD video codec + 3D graphic accelerator
Support 2-8G TF card
Support 5"&6" or 4.3"&7"
Aspect Ratio
800×480 pixels
Touch Panel
Resistive Touch Panel
Power, Reset
TF Card Port, 3.5 earphone jack, Mini USB port
Via Microphone
3.5mm stereo earphone
USB Port
USB2.0 High speed transmission;
Support UARTWIFI
Support IEEE 802.11b/g transmission protocol
SiRF Star IV
FM Transmitter
Optional transmitting frequency: 76-108MHz
Video Decoding
MPEG-4 Simple & Advanced Profile, up to 1080p;
H.264 High, Main & Baseline Profiles, up to 1080p;
H.263 Profile 0,Levels 10-70,up to D1;
MPEG-2 Main Profile, up to 1080p;
RV8/9/10,up to 1080p;
Divx4/5/6,up to 1080p;
Xvid, up to 1080p;
On2 VP6 E and S Profiles;Video Format
Audio Format
mp3/wav/ac3/aac/ogg /ra/amr/m4a/wma
Picture format
G Sensor
Support accelerometer game
System Update
Via TF card
Logo Update
Via TF card
0-50(Operation); -10-60(Storage)
0-90% (Operation);0-90%(Storage)
Operating System
Android 2.3
- This 5Inch GPS Navigation provide you not only entertainment experience, but also powerful navigation function
- This Android GPS Navigation System is a multi functional Audio/Video entertainment system with a user interface that is easy to use
- Calculates the fastest route possible using actual average speeds of travel rather than posted speed limits
- FM Transmitter lets you listen to FM radio station on your Android GPS Navigation System
- Enjoy listening to songs and music on your Android GPS Navigation System using the Music application
- 5Inch Home Screen Android 2.2 GPS Navigation System which is a useful tool
- Multi functional of this Android GPS Navigation System, such as music player, movie, FM radio and so on
- This GPS Navigation provide you not only entertainment experience, but also powerful navigation function
- Street names and traffic info announced by your device, so you can focus on the road ahead. What's more, there are also many games and office tools in this Car GPS Navigation can meet all your needs
- This ultra thin Car GPS Navigation can be easily installed in your car with the stand(included), and this Car GPS Navigation comes with Vehicle-mounted Charger, so you never worry about the battery dying out
- This is a rich featured GPS navigation and media system. We recommend carefully reading the user manual for your most satisfactory user experience.
- The unit includes an evaluation version GPS software package. You should download/purchase an updated software package from your home country that best covers your region of the world.
- Special GPS Note: This model is compatible with most brands of GPS software, such as TomTom, iGO, Route66 etc. - however hardware specific software such as Germin may not run on this unit. As the wholesaler, our site provides the GPS-enabled hardware only, not the software. And our site provides no warranty or customer support regarding GPS software. Our site cannot provide downloads / links / advice regarding GPS software. Any software installation you undertake should be performed or supervised by a professional.
Package Included:
- 1 x GPS Navigation
- 1 x USB Cable
- 1 x Power Adapter
- 1 x Charger
- 1 x Stand
Customers' Reviews
Get DinoPoint™ by Writing reviews, Post Images, or Post Videos. The first five customers can get double points!
from (Nw continent, Earth)
Bought this item on
06-10-2013- Pros: Size, price and features were the major things I needed to watch and this fit every requirement
- Cons: One camera would have been nice
- Other Thoughts: Incorporated the first one I purchased into a custom gauge cluster for hotrod project. Fit great and is working strong as a GPS, with speedometer app and when I hit a parking lot with wifi I can watch Netflix. This is my second one purchased because the first one worked out so well.
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from (Russia)
Bought this item on
10-11-2012- Pros: За свои деньги - нормальное устройство. Покупал в январе 2012. Экран в нем не емкостной, как было указано, но очень качественный резистивный. Андроид маркет работает, Навител - работает, фильмы и музыку через ФМ приемник крутит.
- Cons: Особых минусов не обнаружено. Не яркий дисплей, по сравнению с IPS матрицей )), - обычная яркость для экранов такого класса. Держатель-присоска на стекло - дешманская, в сильный мороз иногда отваливается.
- Other Thoughts: Брал по акции, обошелся в 84 бакса с доставкой, свои деньги стоит однозначно.
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from (Buenos Aires, AR)
Bought this item on
06-22-2012- Pros: Nice. Perfect design... not too big... not too small
- Cons: A paper manual showing the basic features of the GPS would be great.
- Other Thoughts: My husband was very happy with this GPS to him as a gift. The touch screen is great!
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from (wa)
Bought this item on
04-25-2012- Pros: fast gps signal
- Cons: easy to update gps and android gps
- Other Thoughts: Android is best gps on road when on line wifi from mobile AP never get lose any road or company location .............................................................
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Bought this item on
03-22-2012- Other Thoughts: Also it gives a lot of practical examples dedicated to navigation project. I am very happy to have this book and will use it as a guide in navigation area.
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Bought this item on
03-19-2012- Other Thoughts: When I read several chapters of this book, I know that I found the right book. This book talks from some fundamental theory to high level application
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Bought this item on
03-14-2012- Pros: Very pleased
- Other Thoughts: The text is clear and very readable. <br/>The appendix on Euler and quaternion kinematic rate equations is quite exceptional. This book is first-rate.
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Bought this item on
03-04-2012- Pros: Very nice case
- Other Thoughts: One of the students in my lecture came up to me and said he had studied this book all summer to learn about GPS. He found it to be very helpful to him and he said it was the best source of information on GPS he had come across.
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Bought this item on
02-29-2012- Pros: Great appearance
- Other Thoughts: This book puts all together concepts and theories normally found only in separated books. GPS, inertial navigation and how to integrate both things normally require reading a lot of different articles and journals.
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from (Baku, Az)
Bought this item on
02-26-2012- Pros: Excellent product, with very high quality and low price! Supports the Android Market. Excellent speed WiFi. Good FM transmitter, loud sound and bright screen!
- Cons: The package was not the manual, but it is not needed - very easy to use....
- Other Thoughts: This is my first GPS Navigation on Android, and it was easy to install and to operate. I really recommend this device to any GPS user.
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(866) 954-4489 www.lightology.com |
Lightology |
Italian designer and engineer Gismondi played an important role in progressive design circles. Having undertaken aeronautical and aerospace studies in Milan and Rome, he founded the lighting manufacturing firm Artemide in Milan in 1959 with Sergio Mazza. From 1970 onwards, he designed a number of lights himself, including the Tholos wall lamp, the Zen and Tebe floor lamps.


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Comprehensive care for all your health care needs
Depending on your age and health status, your internal medicine physician may request that you provide a blood or urine sample at the time of your visit.
Your physician will have these samples drawn by an expert technician, who will then send these samples to a certified laboratory facility to be analyzed. Some testing, including hemoglobin A1C values (for diabetes management and detection) and urine samples can be done within a few minutes during your visit with your provider. This is known as point of care (POC) testing.
Some blood samples, such as cholesterol and sugar testing, should be obtained in a fasting state (no food eight hours prior to the blood work). Much of the other routine testing can be done at any time of the day during normal clinic hours of operation.
Many internal medicine physicians follow guidelines for testing for preventive health based on recommendations from the United States Preventive Services Task Force.
Guide to Clinical Preventive Services
The following list highlights some chronic conditions treated by your internist and the tests administered to monitor those conditions.
To make an appointment, call the location where you'd like to be seen.
What to expect at your appointment with a Duke internal medicine physician
Physicians offering this service include:
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ANJEAN - Roger Green walked to the edge of a bright orange pond and pointed at a small rubber hose.
A milky-white ammonia mixture trickled from the hose into the pond.
Water from the pond drained downhill into a series of other ponds, where more chemicals were added.
Through this process, toxic acid mine drainage is neutralized. Iron, manganese and other nasty chemicals are cleansed from the pond water.
A muddy sludge of coal waste settles to the bottom of the ponds.
Eventually, clean water makes its way into nearby Little Clear Creek, a popular Greenbrier County trout stream that feeds the Meadow River.
Green and his two-man Department of Environmental Protection crew spend more than $220,000 a year to make sure Little Clear Creek lives up to its name.
"If we don't do our job, the trout die, and the trout aren't dying," Green said.
Green and the DEP shouldn't have to do this.
Leckie Smokeless Coal Co. was supposed to reclaim the site. But in 1993, Leckie Smokeless went bankrupt. In 1999, so did Royal Scot Minerals, which bought the operation out of bankruptcy.
Today, the 400-acre site north of Rupert is among hundreds of abandoned mines that scar the West Virginia hills.
No one is really sure how many of these mines the state will have to reclaim, or how much the work will eventually cost.
Last year, the U.S. Office of Surface Mining reported that at least 15,000 acres of abandoned mines across the state's coalfields sit unreclaimed.
Dozens - perhaps even hundreds - of other sites are expected to end up on the abandoned list sooner or later, state and federal officials fear.
At many of these sites, a toxic stew of untreated mine runoff poisons streams.
Statewide, only five of the more than 200 sites with polluted water are being treated.
One OSM report, published in August 2000, estimated the total cost of water treatment alone would run anywhere between $2.6 billion and $6.3 billion over the next 50 years. The state has nowhere near that much money in its mine cleanup fund. Unless there are dramatic reforms, there is no way that much will ever be collected.
"This is our biggest environmental concern today," said Michael O. Callaghan, the Wise administration's DEP secretary.
In October 1991, OSM officials ordered the state to come up with a plan to fully fund these mine cleanups. The state never did.
Last week, Callaghan announced an agreement with the coal industry to increase current reclamation taxes to clean up the abandoned sites.
The deal would generate about $23 million a year.
But OSM consultants estimate that the state needs at least $53 million a year just to pay for water treatment at abandoned mine sites.
The total cost could be much higher. If coal companies abandoned huge mountaintop removal sites, for example, the land reclamation alone could cost $50 million for just one site, according to court documents.
No one has done a definitive study to find out the total long-term price tag.
In federal court in Charleston, the West Virginia Highlands Conservancy wants Chief U.S. Judge Charles H. Haden II to force the state's hand. Haden is considering a motion by conservancy lawyers to force OSM to take over the state's abandoned mine reclamation program.
'Alternative bonding' In 1977, Congress passed the Surface Mining Reclamation and Control Act, or SMCRA. Under the law, states are allowed to regulate their own coal mining industries. Congress created OSM to make sure that states force mine operators in their states to comply with SMCRA. Among other things, SMCRA requires states to make coal companies post reclamation bonds before they receive new mining permits. The idea was to make sure that mines abandoned after 1977 were cleaned up properly.
Older mines that were abandoned before 1977 are cleaned up with a separate pool of money from a federal coal production tax.
Under federal rules, states may adopt two types of bonding systems.
Under one type of bonding, coal companies must post bonds that would cover the full cost of reclaiming their mine sites.
If companies go belly up, they forfeit their bond money. States use the money to clean up the mine sites.
Under the second type, coal company bonds do not have to cover the full reclamation costs. Companies can post much smaller bonds. But state regulators must maintain enough money in a bond fund to reclaim any sites that companies abandon.
In West Virginia, the DEP uses the second type of bonding plan. This is known as an "alternative bonding" system.
Bonds are capped at $5,000 per acre. This amount often doesn't cover the entire cost to reclaim an abandoned mine site. So all coal companies pay a small tax that is supposed to provide enough additional money to reclaim sites where the bond wasn't sufficient.
At least that's the way it was supposed to work.
'Think Reclamation' On Feb. 16, 1972, the old state Department of Natural Resources approved a permit for Leckie Smokeless Coal Co.
The permit certificate is still in the files at DEP headquarters in Nitro. It boasts the DNR Division of Reclamation's motto at the time: "Think Reclamation." Under the permit, Leckie Smokeless could mine 400 acres of land along Little Clear Creek northwest of Lewisburg. The company planned to mine the Beckley and Fire Creek coal seams.
Following the rules of the time, Leckie Smokeless posted a $750-per-acre reclamation bond, or a total of $300,000.
In its permit approval, DNR officials concluded that they "do not expect to encounter acid or toxic material" during the mining.
DEP records don't show how much coal Leckie Smokeless mined, or how much money the company made.
But by 1993, Leckie Smokeless had filed for bankruptcy.
Initially, DEP officials tried to make the bankrupt company post a greater bond if it wanted its permit renewed. State mining rules had changed, and larger bonds were required now, the agency said.
Company lawyers argued that wasn't fair. She said Leckie Smokeless should only have to follow the rules as they were written back in 1972, when its permit was approved.
DEP backed down, and agreed to renew the permit without an additional bond payment.
No conclusive studies In West Virginia, OSM gave the state conditional approval to regulate its own mining industry in January 1981.
But OSM officials said at the time that the approval was conditioned upon the state doing a study to show that the reclamation fund was adequate.
Such a study has never been submitted.
Instead, in 1982, West Virginia gave OSM what state officials at the time called a "preliminary study." In March 1983, OSM said that study was good enough.
Three years later, in 1986, the U.S. General Accounting Office found that the preliminary study was practically worthless.
"The state's submission admitted that much of the data needed to make a conclusive study did not exist," the GAO said. "A final actuarial study of the fund was not made." In 1991, the Interior Department's inspector general reported that the state did not have adequate accounting policies for the bond fund.
State balance sheets showed that the fund had a surplus. The inspector general found that it actually had a deficit. The IG also noted that the fund had not "been previously audited by an independent accounting firm or a state auditor." 'Some sort of scam' By 1995, state inspectors had found major water quality problems at the Leckie Smokeless mine site. In 1993 and 1994, the company had been cited repeatedly for polluting streams beyond the legal limits.
Company officials signed consent agreements to resolve the violations.
They agreed to treat acid mine drainage that poured off the site, so that area streams wouldn't be polluted.
About that time, a company called Royal Scot Minerals bought the Anjean operations out of bankruptcy. Royal Scot was part of a British conglomerate, Rackwood Mineral Holdings PLC. But in April 1999, Royal Scot just walked away from the site.
DEP officials stepped in to continue water treatment. They wanted to keep acid mine drainage out of Little Clear Creek.
A handful of Royal Scot employees hung around, said Ed Griffith, assistant chief of the DEP Office of Mining and Reclamation. DEP officials found one of the workers on the site, using a bucket and ladle to put treatment chemicals into a pond, Griffith said.
"You should have been around the night we got the call from the guys up there saying, 'The Englishmen are pulling out tonight,'" Griffith recalled last month.
Today, DEP officials know that Royal Scot wasn't really interested in mining much coal. "The whole thing was some sort of tax scam or investment scam," Griffith alleged.
But at the time, agency officials approved the permit transfer from bankrupt Leckie Smokeless. The move allowed them to increase bond amounts on the site.
"It's a shame that some people insist on being reckless toward the environment," Michael P. Miano, DEP director at the time, said in a May 1999 news release that announced the agency's action to take over the Royal Scot site.


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What Does "the Meek Will Inherit the Earth" Mean?
If God "Desires All Men to Be Saved" (1 Timothy 2:4), Why Doesn't He Get What He Wants?
What's the Book of Zephaniah All About?
The Louis Segond 1910 is in the public domain. (Louis Segond 1910 - French Holy Bible)


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OLEAN - Lacey Clark's game-high 20 points, 10 rebounds and four steals, was not enough Tuesday night, as the Dunkirk Lady Marauders (10-5, 7-3) fell to the CCAA Division 1-leading Olean Lady Huskies (12-2, 10-0), 60-42.
What did the Lady Marauders in was a slow start in the first half, as the Lady Huskies build a 17-8 lead after the first quarter and a 31-14 lead at halftime.
"We came out and played really flat in the first half," Dunkirk head coach Sarah Bogardus said. "We ended up picking it up in the second, but unfortunately we were too far in a hole that we couldn't get out of."
Dunkirk scored 12 points in the third quarter and 16 in the fourth, but Olean kept pace, scoring 15 in the third and 14 over the game's final eight minutes.
Khee Nance finished the game with 17 points, eight rebounds, two assists and as many steals, leaving her 13 points shy of 1,000 for her career. Nance will have her chance reach the 1,000-point plateau tonight, when the Lady Marauders host CCAA Division 1 foe Falconer, at 7:30.


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I live in McKenney Va and was having same problems but with all my phones. Neighbors too. It was our tower. Somerhing happened last Friday and all of a sudden I have full bars and much more speed.
I have been complaining for almost a year about it. They must have actually sent a tech to the tower to trobleshoot. Before they just pinged the tower which helped for an hour or so.
Sent from my DROID2 using DroidForums App


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3 techniques were found matching your search criteria.
Rating: 4.7 out of 5
Difficulty: Somewhat Easy
This technique turns any treat into beautiful baskets. Perfect for Easter, Mother's Day, bridal or any Spring and summertime theme.
Rating: 4.7 out of 5
Difficulty: Easy
The grass tip creates the most celebrated, easily accomplished decorations! The serrated edges of the grass tip makes ridges in the icing as you squeeze it out. Our step-by-step video shows you how!
Rating: 4.2 out of 5
Difficulty: Medium
For a life-like Lilac, tiny blossoms are attached in clusters over an elongated shell-shaped base. Arrange them on a cake top to create a memorable springtime treat!