text:
State of Conservation (SOC)
Virunga National Park
Garamba National Park
Kahuzi-Biega National Park
Salonga National Park
Okapi Wildlife Reserve (2004)
Desired state of conservation for the removal of the property from the List of World Heritage in Danger
UNESCO Extra-Budgetary Funds
International Assistance granted to the property
Requests Approved:0
Total Amount Ap proved:784,400USD
2000 | Emergency assistance to World Natural Heritage of the democratic ... | 48,000 USD |
1999 | Emergency support for Parc National de la Salonga
Reapproval: 22 Mar, 2002 (n°1520 - 20,000 USD)
1999 | Support to Resident Staff of Garamba, Virunga, Kahuzi Biega ... | 105,000 USD |
1996 | Request for Technical Assistance for Virunga National Park, World ... | 0 USD |
1995 | Purchase of a vehicle for Kahuzi Biega National Park | 30,000 USD |
1994 | Financial contribution for the protection of Kahuzi-Biega ... | 50,000 USD |
1994 | Purchase of equipment for Garamba National Park (COMPLEMENT TO IA ... | 10,000 USD |
1993 | Purchase of equipment for Garamba National Park | 10,000 USD |
1993 | Preparatory assistance for the Okapi Wildlife Natural Reserve | 3,000 USD |
1993 | Financial contribution for the purchase of equipment for Virunga ... | 20,000 USD |
1992 | Review of the state of conservation of World Heritage sites in ... | 15,000 USD |
1991 | Purchase of a motor boat and of spare parts for motor boats for ... | 40,000 USD |
1991 | Purchase and shipment of 3 all-terrain motorcycles for patrolling ... | 15,000 USD |
1990 | Reinforcement of protection for Salonga National Park: ... | 60,000 USD |
1990 | Training of 2 specialists each from Salonga and Virunga National ... | 9,500 USD |
1988 | Equipment to improve protective measures in Virunga National Park | 40,000 USD |
1988 | Purchase of 2 vehicles to continue the activities of the ... | 50,000 USD |
1988 | Purchase of a 4x4 Jeep for Kahuzi Biega National Park | 20,000 USD |
1987 | Financial contribution for the preparation of a technical ... | 6,000 USD |
1987 | Additional costs of equipment for Salonga National Park | 12,000 USD |
1986 | Purchase of equipment for the project to protect the rhinoceros ... | 20,000 USD |
1985 | Equipment for the project to protect the rhinoceros population in ... | 20,000 USD |
1985 | Equipment and financial contribution towards the development of a ... | 28,000 USD |
1985 | Contribution to the project for to rescue the white rhinoceros, ... | 25,000 USD |
1985 | 18-month training for a specialist from Salonga National Park at ... | 10,000 USD |
1983 | Equipment for rescue programme for white rhino and elephants in ... | 40,000 USD |
1980 | Assistance for Virunga National Park (equipment and consultant ... | 43,660 USD |
1980 | Equipment for Garamba National Park | 19,120 USD |
1980 | Equipment for Kahuzi-Biega National Park | 15,120 USD |
Factors* affecting the property identified in previous reports
Agriculture Pressure; Logging; Mining; Oil and Gas Exploration; Fishing; Poaching/Hunting; Lack of capacity in conservation techniques; Lack of management mechanism (including legislation); Lack of monitoring system; Lack of Presentation and interpretation; Lack of human or financial resources; Lack of institution coordination; Armed conflict; Civil unrest; Looting/Theft.
Corrective Measures
Current conservation issues
Since the 27th session, the security situation in Democratic Republic of the Congo improved considerably. However, certain regions remain unstable and have been characterised by sudden resurgence of violence. This has been especially the case in the eastern part of the country, where 4 of the 5 World Heritage properties are located. Following the approval of the new constitution in April 2003, the Transitional Government, in which the Presidential coalition, all rebel groups and representatives of civil society are represented, was formed on 30 June 2003, thereby formally re-uniting the whole country. On 28 July, 2003 the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) was extended in time and an additional mandate provided, allowing it to assist the Government in disarming and demobilising militia groups, and under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, authorizing the use of force to protect civilians. MONUC has now deployed troops in several of the eastern regions, including around Kahuzi-Biega and Virunga National Parks. A meeting was held between senior representatives of MONUC, the Centre, staff of the Management Authority "Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature" (ICCN) and representatives of the non-governmental conservation organizations to discuss closer co-operation in the demilitarisation of the World Heritage properties. It was agreed that where MONUC is conducting disarmament operations they would cooperate closely with ICCN field staff.
The situation in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve improved considerably since the 27th session. Since April 2003, stability returned to the Ituri region after the violent clashes between different rebel groups from October 2002 until March 2003, which resulted in the Reserve's headquarters being abandoned and looted. Park staff returned to the Reserve in April 2003 and management operations were resumed by July 2003. Park staff currently control about 60% of the 1,370,000 ha Reserve. Troops stationed originally inside the Reserve were moved to the surrounding towns as requested by the Centre. However, poaching organised by military belonging to former rebel factions continues to be a major problem, especially in the northern and south-eastern part of the Reserve. These armed groups are specifically targeting elephant populations and are involved in poaching and trafficking of ivory. Park staff were able to document 116 cases of elephant poaching and ivory trafficking between 2002 and 2003. Based on these reports, it is estimated that between 230 and 460 elephants were killed in this period, representing 4 to 10 % of the pre-war population. Reports also indicated that the ivory is being exported, in contravention to CITES Convention, to several countries in East and Central Africa, Middle East and Southeast Asia.
As reported at the 27th session, intensive fighting took place in and around the Kahuzi-Biega National Park between October 2002 and April 2003. Park authorities were able to contact the belligerents and received assurances from both sides that the gorilla families living in the highland sector would not be harmed. Park staff was able to continue monitoring 4 of the 5 families of the sector. However in January 2004, with the on-going military activities in the property, contact was lost with the fifth Mishebere gorilla family, composed of 39 individuals. After the cessation of hostilities, Park staff started a search for the family, which appeared to have vanished. The remains of the leading silverback male of the family were recovered in August 2003.
Even after the installation of the Transition Government, the insecurity persisted in the South Kivu region with sporadic fighting around the Park in July and August 2003. Only after MONUC installed an observation post in the Park headquarters in August and engaged in demobilizing fighters, the situation started to improve gradually. With the increased security, Park staff has been able to regain control over parts of the Park that so far had been inaccessible. Guard posts in Kalonge, Musenyi and Lemera in the high altitude sector were re-occupied in February 2004 and the sub-stations of Nzovu and Itebero in the low land sector, which were abandoned since the beginning of the war in 1996, became functional again in March 2004. It will be important to use this opportunity to conduct surveys in both the highland and lowland sectors to assess the impact of the war on the property and on the populations of flagship species such as gorillas and elephants. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is currently planning a survey of the highland sector and is trying to mobilize the financial resources necessary for a survey of the much larger lowland sector.
Illegal mining for colombo-tatalite, gold and cassiterite remains a serious threat to the property. The first report from the lowland sector indicates that 98 mining sites are still in operation within the sector. Another major mining site is exploited by militiamen in the northern part of the highland sector. An estimated 5,000 miners are currently residing in the Park. In spite of the lower prices on the world market, the market for colombo-tantalite in the provincial capital Bukavu is booming.
Another key issue is the illegal occupation of parts of the property, most notably in the corridor between the highland and lowland sector. In some cases, the occupants detain permits issued illegally by the local authorities. Park authorities have been fighting a court case against the most prominent of them, a Bukavu judge. Given the complicity of the local authorities, there is a need for a strong intervention by the central Government to resolve the issue.
The situation in the Virunga National Park remains problematic. The 2 main conservation issues remain the presence of military troops and armed groups within and in the immediate vicinity of the property and illegal encroachment.
Although the security situation has improved considerably, different militia, including armed factions from neighbouring countries, continue to operate in the region and heighten insecurity in certain sectors of the property. Since October 2003, MONUC has deployed troops in the region and is engaged in disarming and demobilisation operations. Several military positions and roadblocks manned with military belonging to former rebel factions are still present in different locations in and around the property at Katanda, at the Vitshumbi roadblock, at Rwindi and at Kabasha, officially to ensure security. In the northern sector, a military training camp is installed inside the Park near the patrol post of Nyaleke. Troops are not paid and do not receive any food or other supplies. They are involved in large-scale poaching of elephants, buffalo, hippopotamus and other animals and in the trafficking of ivory. IUCN reports that it received information that 4 guards were killed recently in an ambush by military when trying to reveal information on poaching by the military. A recent survey of the hippopotamus population in the park by the Zoological Society of London was able to locate only 1300 individuals, a mere 4,5 % of the population in 1979 and 12 % of the pre-war population estimate. In the northern sector, the elephant population dropped from 130 individuals in 1981 to 21 individuals in 2003 and the buffalo diminished in the same period from 799 to 42. These figures are dramatic but one has to take into account that because of the heavy poaching pressure, parts of the populations might have sought refuge in adjacent protected areas in Uganda such as the Queen Elizabeth National Park or the Semuliki National Park, where protection of wildlife is more effective. The increase of the elephant population in Queen Elizabeth National Park from 500 individuals in 1995 to more than 1000 today might partly be attributable to movements of elephants across the border.
Illegal encroachment both by agriculturalists and pastoralists and through the establishment of permanent settlements is affecting almost all sectors of the park. In the Nyamulagira sector, an estimated 30,000 people have occupied parts of the park in Kirolirwe, Burungu and Mushari. As reported at the 26th session, local authorities in Goma started to resettle in this region returning refugees originating from Masisi after their camps in Rwanda were dismantled in 2002. However, although security in Masisi has improved considerably, they seem not inclined to return to their region of origin. Other people seem to take advantage of the situation to settle in the area. An estimated 30,000 ha of evergreen forest has been destroyed for charcoal production and the area converted into fields and pastures. There are at least 5,000 heads of cattle in the area. Following numerous interventions by ICCN, the Centre and non-governmental conservation organizations that were reported to the 27th session of the Committee, the provincial authorities have in principle accepted to evacuate the area. However they advance the argument that extra funds are needed to organise the resettlement as a reason for not implementing this decision. IUCN reports that it received information that Rwandan military are guarding the resettlement area and are preventing ICCN from accessing it and that local politicians are distributing plots in the forests to produce charcoal and converting the plots afterwards for cattle ranching for their own use. In the northern sector of the Park, at least 16,000 ha of fields were installed and 150 houses constructed with the consent of the local authorities belonging to a former rebel faction. On coastal areas west of Lake Edward, at least 20,000 people have settled. This region is situated on what used to be the border between Uganda and Rwanda controlled areas and was till recently inaccessible to ICCN field staff. Around 350 families of Hima and Karuruma pastoralists from Uganda, with more than 5,000 heads of cattle are still present in the northern sector. These pastoralists were installed in the Park in 1999 by Ugandan troops that were present there at that time. Two meetings were held recently between the authorities of DRC and Uganda to discuss their return to Uganda, without any results.
However, since the 27th session, ICCN with the assistance of its partners was able to make considerable progress in reclaiming some of the occupied regions of the park. In the Nyamulagira sector, 5,000 ha of encroached land could be recuperated at Kibiriza and an agreement was reached with the local population to evacuate a further 5,000 people who destroyed 25 ha in the forest on the Kabasha escarpment. In Tongo-Kanyangiri 40 ha were recuperated. In the eastern sector at Kongo, 20,000 ha were recuperated with the assistance of the Governor. In the northern sector, more than 7,000 farmers from Uganda were evacuated and 6,500 ha recuperated; and in Kanyatsi a further 750 farmers were evacuated and 3,000 ha recuperated. Some of these evacuations took place in the framework of a participatory effort to demarcate Park borders by WWF that is funded as part of the Belgian community conservation project implemented by the Centre.
A further conservation problem is the management of the fishing activities in Lake Edward. At the time of inscription on the World Heritage List, ICCN recognised 3 fishing concessions at the southern edge of the lake, in the villages of Vitshumbi, Nyakakoma and Kyavinyonge. These 30-year concessions have now officially expired. During the conflict, the resident populations in these villages increased considerably. New villages and illegal fishing camps have been installed along the western and northern shoreline, often controlled by the military. The total population on the shores of the lake is now estimated at more then 20,000 people. A scientific study in 1989 estimated the total production capacity of the lake at 10,000 tons per year, sufficient to guarantee income for 700 fishing families. Unless illegal fishing activities are curtailed and camps removed a collapse of the fish populations can be expected destroying a major livelihood source of the local community.
The best-protected sector of the Park remains the gorilla sector. A survey in September 2003 executed jointly by ICCN, the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) and the Rwanda Park authorities with the assistance off different conservation organizations over the entire mountain gorilla range (Virunga National Park, Volcano National Park in Rwanda, Mgahinga National Park and Bwindi National Park in Uganda) revealed that the population increased from 324 in 1989 to 380 in 2003.
The Garamba National Park is not only affected by the political instability but even more so by the war in Sudan. It was noted in previous reports that key animal populations decreased significantly at the start of the war in DRC in 1997, when Park guards were disarmed and different militia groups occupied the Park station; but since 1998, through increased surveillance efforts, populations of key species remained fairly stable. Unfortunately, this situation changed significantly since the 27th session of the Committee. In July 2003, poaching pressure increased significantly and the focus of the poaching seems to have changed from meat to ivory. As this activity demands less time, poachers who don't have to stop to smoke the meat, do kill more and more animals. An aerial survey in August 2003 showed 34 fresh elephant and two rhino carcasses. All animals were killed by automatic gunfire and their tusks and horns had been removed. In November 2003, 47 more fresh elephant carcasses were found in an area where a group of northern white rhino occur. On 20 April 2004, the Centre received another report from the Garamba Project that Sudanese poachers where spotted accompanied by 25 donkeys loaded with ivory, moving rapidly towards the Sudanese border. Ground patrols found the carcasses of two rhinos and 12 elephants in the area. Only the horn and ivory was taken. This is the first time poachers were reported using pack animals. There is now evidence that between September 2003 and the time of the preparation of the document at least five rhinos were killed out of a total population of approximately 30 animals. Now that poachers have entered the heart of the Park, the threat to the last remaining northern white rhinos is greater than it has ever been in the last 20 years. Poachers are predominantly SPLA rebels aided by Congolese porters. Ironically, the increase in poaching seems to be connected to the progress in the peace talks in Sudan and the subsequent cease-fire agreement between the SPLA and the Sudanese government, resulting in fighters coming back from the front and turning towards poaching. It has to be noted that a large group of SPLA rebels is stationed in the DRC town of Aba and that there is no presence of DRC military in this region. In response to this situation, an emergency strategy was developed by ICCN and its conservation partners aiming to reverse this situation. The strategy focuses on re-training guards to better equip them to deal with professional bush war fighters, providing the necessary equipment to increase the law enforcement effectiveness and taking steps to put pressure on the SPLA to withdraw their fighters from the region. Several meetings were already held with SPLA officials, in which they promised to recall their troops but the local SPLA commander so far has refused to comply with this decision. A report on the situation was sent by UNESCO to MONUC, requesting them to consider stationing military observers in the region and to inform the Secretary General of the United Nations and the Special UN Envoy for Humanitarian Needs for Sudan.
The situation in the Salonga National Park remains unchanged. Commercial poachers, often well-equipped former military personnel or rebels, with automatic weapons and outboard motors, operate along the rivers in the Park. Bush meat and ivory are alleged to be transported by commercial planes to Kinshasa. Although Park guards receive some support through the UNESCO/UNF project and from other partners such as the Zoological Society of Milwaukee, mainly for salaries, rations and medicine and limited equipment, the Park remains grossly under-funded and continues to lack proper management. Park guards only have some arms seized from poachers and are not allowed to wear uniforms. Currently surveys of key species are being conducted by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). Preliminary results indicate that in certain areas, large mammals populations have decreased considerably. WCS is also conducting socio-economic surveys as well as a population census in the corridor that separates the two principal forest blocs of the Park, as part of the Belgian community conservation project implemented by the Centre.
With stability returning to the country, the Government, with support of donors such as the World Bank and the European Union, is planning to rehabilitate the national road network in DRC. Already rehabilitation works are scheduled for roads that cross the Okapi Wildlife Reserve and the Kahuzi-Biega National Park. It will be important to guarantee that these infrastructure works are done without causing negative impact on the habitat of the World Heritage properties. The re-opening of roads to motorized traffic might result in increased bushmeat trade and immigration of populations from the densely populated regions into areas adjacent to the properties.
The Centre continued its support to the 5 World Heritage properties through its project "Biodiversity Conservation in Regions of Armed Conflict, Protecting World Heritage Sites in DRC" in close co-operation with ICCN and with its on the ground partners in each of the sites (German Technical Co-operation Agency (GTZ), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Gilman International Conservation (GIC), International Rhino Foundation (IRF), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP), and the Zoological Society of Milwaukee (ZSM)). The project, funded by the United Nations Foundation with complementary support from the Government of Belgium, will end in December 2004.
As recommended by the 27th session of the Committee, the Director-General of UNESCO in co-operation with the Government of DRC has launched an international campaign to mobilise the necessary support to continue the conservation activities in the DRC World Heritage properties. A high-level conference will take place at UNESCO headquarters 16-17 September 2004. The objectives of the conference are (a) to obtain a high-level political commitment from the Transition Government to address the key conservation problems of the World Heritage properties, such as encroachments, illegal resource extraction and the presence of military and armed groups; (b) to mobilize necessary financial resources to sustain the achievements of the UNESCO/UNF project and ensure recovery of the World Heritage values of the five properties; and (c) to raise awareness in the international community for the conservation of the World Heritage properties in DRC. The President of DRC has accepted an invitation by the Director-General to attend this conference, thereby demonstrating his commitment to the conservation of the World Heritage properties. Several personalities, including the President of France and the Royal Family of Belgium have already accepted to be patrons for the event. The Government of Belgium, the Government of Italy and UNF have indicated their willingness to support the future programme through their financial support to UNESCO. UNESCO is also discussing with the European Union, the World Bank, the Central Africa Regional Programme for the Environment and others on how to support the properties through their on-going or planned conservation initiatives in the Congo Basin. Parallel to the conference, the Government of Belgium will organise an exhibition at UNESCO on the biological and cultural diversity of DRC during 8 –27 September 2004. At the donor conference UNESCO expects to have pledges from some of the major multilateral donors like the World Bank and the EU to invest in building capacity for protected areas, including the five World Heritage sites of DRC.
Analysis and Conclusion
Link to the decision
The World Heritage Committee,
1. Expresses its heartfelt condolences to the families of the park staff who lost theirlives in trying to protect the World Heritage properties;
2. Commends "Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature" (ICCN) andespecially its dedicated field staff, UNESCO and its partners in the project"Biodiversity Conservation in Regions of Armed Conflict" for their on-goingefforts to protect the integrity and the World Heritage values of the properties;Decisions adopted at the 28th session of the World Heritage WHC-04/28 COM/26, p.52 Committee (Suzhou, 2004)
3. Expresses its satisfaction that the installation of the DRC Transition Governmentand the deployment of United Nations Organisation Mission in the DemocraticRepublic of Congo (MONUC) around some of the properties has put an end to any of the hostilities in and around the 5 World Heritage properties and hasenabled the management authority ICCN to regain control of parts of some of the properties;
4. Reiterates its serious concern about the continuing threats to the properties, especially encroachment and extraction of natural resources, including mining,with the consent of local political or military authorities and the poaching andivory trafficking by armed groups, including former rebel troops that areawaiting demobilisation or integration in the national army;
5. Expresses special concern on the sudden upsurge in poaching in the GarambaNational Park by Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA) fighters which is threatening with extinction the last population of the northern white rhino;
6. Urges the Transition Government of DRC to take all necessary steps to restorethe integrity of the properties, especially of the Virunga and Kahuzi-Biega National Parks, by taking urgent measures to evacuate all illegal settlements and halt all illegal resource extraction;
7. Also urges the Transition Government of DRC to pull all military positions, including former rebel troops awaiting demobilization or integration in thenational army, out of the 5 World Heritage properties and station them atsufficient distance from the properties and requests MONUC to pay particular attention to the demobilization and disarmament of armed groups inside and inthe immediate vicinity of the properties;
8. Requests the Director General of UNESCO to use UN and other appropriate diplomatic channels to influence high level SPLA officials, urging them to puta halt to the poaching by their fighters as well as an immediate retreat of SPLAtroops from the vicinity of the Garamba National Park;
9. Commends the Director-General of UNESCO for the organization of the highlevel conference on the conservation of the DRC World Heritage properties inSeptember 2004 and invites all State Parties to the World Heritage Convention,as well as international donor agencies, foundations and the private sector to support this initiative and post-conference rehabilitation of the five WorldHeritage properties;
10. Invites the World Heritage Centre to intensify its co-operation with the related Conventions, e.g. the Convention on the International Trade in EndangeredSpecies (CITES) and other relevant UN bodies for the conservation of theproperties;
11. Requests the World Heritage Centre and IUCN, in consultation with the StateParty, to undertake a mission to Virunga, Kahuzi-Biega and Garamba NationalParks, and the Okapi Faunal Reserve to assess their current state of conservation and submit a report for examination by the World Heritage Committee at its 29thsession in 2005;
12. Requests the Director-General of UNESCO to contact urgently the President of Rwanda to request information on the deforestation in the Mikeno sector of theVirunga National Park, which is allegedly reported to be occurring with thesupport of military commanders of the Rwanda Defence Forces and to invite the Government of Rwanda to cooperate with the Transition Government of DRC inthis regard and respect the integrity of the Property;
13. Decides to retain the Garamba, Salonga, Kahuzi Biega and Virunga National Parks and the Okapi Wildife Reserve on the List of World Heritage in Danger.
Link to the decision
The World Heritage Committee,
1. Following examination of state of conservation reports of properties on the List of World Heritage in Danger (WHC-04/28.COM/15A Rev),
2. Decides to maintain the following properties on the List of World Heritage in Danger:
- Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam, Afghanistan (Decision 28 COM 15A.21)
- Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley, Afghanistan (Decision 28 COM 15A.22)
- Butrint, Albania (Decision 28 COM 15A.28)
- Tipasa, Algeria (Decision 28 COM 15A.16)
- Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower, Azerbaijan (Decision 28 COM 15A.29)
- Royal Palaces of Abomey, Benin (Decision 28 COM 15A.14)
- Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park, Central African Republic (Decision 28 COM 15A.1)
- Comoé National Park, Côte d'Ivoire (Decision 28 COM 15A.2 )
- Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, Côte d'Ivoire/Guinea (Decision 28 COM 15A.5)
- Okapi Wildlife Reserve, Democratic Rep. of the Congo (Decision 28 COM 15A.3)
- Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Rep. of the Congo (Decision 28 COM 15A.3)
- Virunga National Park, Democratic Rep. of the Congo (Decision 28 COM 15A.3)
- Garamba National Park, Democratic Rep. of the Congo (Decision 28 COM 15A.3)
- Salonga National Park, Democratic Rep. of the Congo (Decision 28 COM 15A.3)
- Sangay National Park, Ecuador (Decision 28 COM 15A.12)
- Abu Mena, Egypt (Decision 28 COM 15A.17)
- Simien National Park, Ethiopia
- (Decision 28 COM 15A.4)
- Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras (Decision 28 COM 15A.13)
- Group of Monuments at Hampi, India (Decision 28 COM 15A.24)
- Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, India (Decision 28 COM 15A.10)
- Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat), Iraq (Decision 28 COM 15A.18)
- Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls, Jerusalem (Decision 28 COM 15A.31)
- Timbuktu, Mali (Decision 28 COM 15A. 15)
- Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (Decision 28 COM 15A.25)
- Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves, Niger (Decision 28 COM 15A.6)
- Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore, Pakistan (Decision 28 COM 15A.26)
- Chan Chan Archaelogical Zone, Peru (Decision 28 COM 15A.30)
- Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, Philippines (Decision 28 COM 15A.27)
- Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary, Senegal (Decision 28 COM 15A.7 )
- Ichkeul National Park, Tunisia (Decision 28 COM 15A.9)
- Everglades National Park, United States of America (Decision 28 COM 15A.11)
- Historic Town of Zabid, Yemen (Decision 28 COM 15A.20)
Draft Decision: 28 COM 15A.3
The World Heritage Committee,
1. Expresses its satisfaction that the installation of the Transition Government and the deployment of MONUC around some of the properties has put an end to many of the hostilities in and around the 5 World Heritage properties and has enabled the management authority ICCN to regain control of parts of some of the properties;
2. Commends ICCN and especially its dedicated field staff, UNESCO and its partners in the project "Biodiversity Conservation in Regions of Armed Conflict" for their on-going efforts to protect the integrity and the World Heritage values of the properties;
3. Reiterates its serious concern about the continuing threats to the properties, especially encroachment and extraction of natural resources, including mining, with the consent of local political or military authorities and the poaching and ivory trafficking by armed groups, including former rebel troops that are awaiting demobilisation or integration in the national army;
4. Expresses special concern on the sudden upsurge in poaching in the Garamba National Park by SPLA fighters, which is threatening with extinction the last population of the northern white rhino;
5. Urges the Transition Government to take all necessary steps to restore the integrity of the properties, especially of the Virunga and Kahuzi-Biega National Parks, by taking urgent measures to evacuate all illegal settlements and halt all illegal resource extraction;
6. Urges the Transition Government to pull all military positions, including former rebel troops awaiting demobilization or integration in the national army out of the five World Heritage properties and station them at sufficient distance from the properties and requests MONUC to pay particular attention to the demobilization and disarmament of armed groups inside and in the immediate vicinity of the properties;
7. Requests the Director General of UNESCO to use UN and other appropriate diplomatic channels to influence high-level SPLA officials, urging them to put a halt to the poaching by their fighters as well as an immediate retreat of SPLA troops from the vicinity of the Garamba National Park;
8. Commends the Director-General of UNESCO for the organization of the high-level conference on the conservation of the DRC World Heritage properties in September 2004 and invites all State Parties to the Convention, as well as international donor agencies, foundations and the private sector to support this initiative and post-conference rehabilitation of the five World Heritage properties;
9. Requests the State Party to invite a joint Centre/IUCN mission to Virunga National Park, Kahuzi-Biega and Garamba National Parks to assess their current state of conservation and report on the findings of the mission in view of examination by the Committee at its 29th session in 2005;
10. Decides to retain the Garamba, Salonga, Kahuzi Biega and Virunga National Parks and the Okapi Wildife Reserve on the List of World Heritage in Danger.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Original DocumentsWHC-04/28.COM/15A.Rev
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Inscription on the Danger List
Year: 1999Threats to the Site:
The Salonga National Park was the only one of five sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo which was not included on the List of World Heritage in Danger.Due to its central location in the country, it was less affected by the ongoing armed conflicts.
Poaching and housing construction, however, affect the integrity of the site and its inclusion will allow Salonga - like the four other sites in this country - to benefit from the UNESCO project, funded in large part by the United Nations Foundation, to provide assistance - amounting to USD 4.1 million - in areas such as training of personnel and equipment, as well as protection of biodiversity.
Year: 1997Threats to the Site:
Grave concern that portions of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park had been deforested and that hunting had been reported there, as well as war and civil strife ravaging the country, led the World Heritage Committee to inscribe the property on the List of World Heritage in Danger.
The property has been much affected by the influx of refugees. Park facilities had been looted and destroyed, and most of the park staff have fled the area. The park may also be serving as a hideout for large militia groups, as well as for illegal settlers. This has led to fires, increased poaching and the illegal removal and burning of timber.
Year: 1997Threats to the Site:
The Committee inscribed the Okapi Wildlife Reserve on the List of World Heritage in Danger, one year after giving it World Heritage status, due to reports that the armed conflict, which spread to the eastern parts of the country in early 1997, had led to the looting of facilities and the killing of elephants in this site. Most of the staff have fled the Reserve. There have also been reports of gold mining.
Year: 1996Threats to the Site:
The Garamba National Park was inscribed again on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 1996 for the following reasons:
a) Increased poaching;
b) Pressure linked to the civil war, thereby threatening the flagship species of the property.
Year: 1994Threats to the Site:
Virunga National Park was inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger at the 18th Session of the World Heritage Committee (1994) in the wake of the war in neighbouring Rwanda and the subsequent massive influx of refugees from that country which led to massive deforestation and poaching at the site.
Many members of the Park staff had not been remunerated for almost a year.
Poaching of wildlife has continued and the staff lacks the means of patrolling the Park's 650 km long boundary.
The human population in the fishing village near Lake Edward has increased several fold, posing a serious threat to the integrity of the Park.
The fuel wood requirements of almost one million refugees camping inside the Park is estimated at 600 metric tons/day and is leading to widespread depletion of forests in the lowlands.
Year: 1984 -1992Threats to the Site:
The Garamba National Park was listed for the first time on the List of World Heritage in Danger between 1984 and 1992 due to a serious decline in the population of white rhinos. With the success of the measures taken by the World Heritage Committee, IUCN, WWF, the Frankfurt Zoological Society and the national authorities, the rhino population has increased from an alarming total of five specimens to thirty-five animals and the site was removed from the List of World Heritage in danger at the sixteenth session of the Committee in 1992.
* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger ("ascertained danger") or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property's Outstanding Universal Value ("potential danger").
** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.


text:
Local Music Calendar Nov. 4-10
Thrashin' Thursday! (November 4th)
Aftermath: Muzik (6 & 8 p.m.)
Caledonia Lounge: Guzik, Shark Heart, Wolves and Jackals (10 p.m. $5 (21+), $7 (18+))
DePalma's Italian Café: Moses Gunn (6–8:30 p.m. FREE! (Timothy Road))
Farm 255: The Humms, Mermaids, Nuclear Spring, Runaway Suns (10 p.m. FREE!)
Flicker Theatre & Bar: Elf Power, Jacob Morris (11 p.m. $6)
Gnat's Landing: TJ Mimbs (6:30 p.m. FREE!)
Hendershot's Coffee Bar: Kenosha Kid (8 p.m. FREE!)
RPM: Holy Liars (10 p.m. FREE!)
The Max Canada: Greg & George, Nuclear Spring (6–9 p.m. FREE!)
WUOG 90.5FM: "Live in the Lobby" Green Gerry (8 p.m. FREE!)
Friday of Frivolity! (November 5th)
40 Watt Club: Fiend Without a Face, Man or Astro-Man? (9 p.m. $12 (adv.))
Alibi: Redneck GReece (9 p.m. FREE!)
Athens Arena: Alex Hall, Joe Olds Band (9 p.m. $5 (21+), $10 (18+))
Barnette's: Bloodkin (10 p.m. $10)
Boar's Head Lounge: The Incredible Sandwich (9 p.m.)
Buffalo's Southwest Café: David Prince (8 p.m. $10)
Caledonia Lounge: The John King Band, Matt Hudgins & His Shit Hot
Country Band (10 p.m. $5 (21+), $7 (18+))
Gnat's Landing: Bros. Marler (6:30 p.m. FREE!)
Go Bar: Witches (10 p.m.)
Hendershot's Coffee Bar: Borderhop Trio (8 p.m. FREE!)
Highwire: Rand Lines Trio (8 -11 p.m. FREE!)
Last Call: Futurebirds, Jonny Corndawg (10 p.m. $8 (adv.), $10 (door))
Little Kings Shuffle Club: Bitch Switch (10:30 p.m. FREE!)
Nuçi's Space: Up Until Now, WildKard (7–10 p.m. $5. All ages)
Rye Bar: 3 Foot Swagger, E Company (10:30 p.m. FREE!)
The Melting Point: Kinchafoonee Cowboys (9 p.m. $12 (adv.), $15 (door))
Wayfarer Music Hall: Fishing With Dynamite (8 p.m. $6)
Sassy Saturday! (November 6th)
40 Watt Club: Krush Girls, Yacht Rock Revue (9:30 p.m. $8 (adv.), $10 (door))
Caledonia Lounge: Abandon the Earth Mission, Qurious (10 p.m. $5 (21+), $7 (18+))
Farm 255: The District Attorneys (11 p.m. FREE!)
Flicker Theatre & Bar: Tin Cup Prophette (8 p.m. $5)
Gnat's Landing: Rachel O'Neal (FREE!)
Go Bar: The K-Macks (10 p.m.)
Hendershot's Coffee Bar: Androcles and the Lion (8 p.m. FREE!)
Last Call: Two Brothers Band ("Rave Night." 9 p.m. FREE!)
Little Kings Shuffle Club: Justin Evans' Chinatown Diary, Adam Klein (10 p.m. $5).
Madison-Morgan Cultural Center: Randall Bramblett (7 p.m. $15).
My Boy: Simple Teek (10 p.m. FREE!)
Rye Bar: JazzChronic (10:30 p.m. FREE!)
Terrapin Beer Co.: Tim McNary (5 p.m.)
The Bad Manor: Nic Cowan (9 p.m. FREE! (21+), $5 (18+))
The Melting Point: Brad Downs & The Poor Bastard Souls, Adam Payne, William Tonks (9 p.m. $6 (adv.), $8 (door))
Shish Kabob Sunday! (November 7th)
ACC Library: Live! at the Library with Green Flag (3 p.m. FREE!)
Borders Books & Music: Brett Schieber (3:30 p.m. FREE!)
Hendershot's Coffee Bar: Fabulous Bird (8 p.m. FREE!)
Moonndog Monday! (November 8th)
Rye Bar: Evan Barber, JJ Wells (10:30 p.m. FREE!)
The Melting Point: The Adams Family, HoBoHemians and Lavon Smith & Nancy Heiges. (8 -10 p.m. FREE!)
Tumultuous Tuesday! (November 9th)
Caledonia Lounge: Artists of War, Falcones, Dylan Gilbert, Native Kid (9:30 p.m. $5 (21+), $7 (Under 21). All ages show)
Farm 255: Grinnin' Bear, Leotards (10 p.m. FREE!)
Highwire Lounge: Kenosha Kid (8–11 p.m. FREE!)
Little Kings Shuffle Club: Carly Gibson, Brett Vaughn ("Athens Farmers
Market." 4–7 p.m. FREE!)
Rye Bar: Sumilan (10:30 p.m. FREE!)
The Melting Point: Seven Handle Circus (7 p.m. $3).
WUOG 90.5FM: "Live in the Lobby" with Modern Skirts (8 p.m. FREE!)
Wilson's Soul Food: Bigfoot, Co Co Ri Co (5–7 p.m.)
Really Good Wednesday (November 10th)
Caledonia Lounge: Co Co Ri Co, Goldilocks, Wowser Bowser (10 p.m. $5 (21+), $7 (18+))
Rye Bar: DJ Killacut (10:30 p.m.)
The Melting Point: Kyshona Armstrong, Emily Hearn, John French and the Bastilles (9 p.m. $5)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Product Views (click to enlarge):
Bella Platform Bed with Night Stands
by Home Elegance
FREE SHIPPING!- Warm Cherry Brown finish
- Geometric cut-out headboard
- Two footboard storage drawers
- Hardwoods and veneers construction
- Satin nickel finish hardware
- Finished width of headboard with nightstands is 112"
- Nightstands can be set apart from headboard
- FREE Premium White Glove Delivery included. Includes in room placement, setup, and removal of boxes
With clean right angles and geometric cutouts, the image of modern minimalism is executed perfectly in the design of the Bella bed. There are two finish offerings, one a distinctly cool black, the other, a stylish warm brown cherry. Made of select hardwoods and veneers, this bed comes with two night stands and night stand wall panels. |
Manufacturer Information
Home Elegance
Home Elegance is one of the most successful producers of home furnishings. Their offerings include bedroom sets, beds, dressers, armoires, nightstands, daybeds, and accent furniture in traditional and contemporary designs.


text:
Submit Review
Campground Search
204603 User submitted reviews online!!
Location :
Hill City, South Dakota
Mount Rushmore KOA
[ 7/10 ]
I have this a 7 because of its amenities, store, restaurant, pool, playground, horseback riding, car rental, 4wheeler rental etc. Sites are a bit crowded, no trees for RVs (didn't see the tent sites). Close to Rushmore and Custer State park. Wi-Fi didn't work in the back where our site was. I would stay again, though a bit pricey.
Cody, Wyoming
Cody KOA
[ 6/10 ]
This was a decent but not great facility. Most RV sites were gravel and many were not that level. There are a few sites that are level and with trees (premium). Sites were a little tight. Store was good (closes at 9), bathrooms/showers were adequate and clean. Has a game room.
Albert Lea, Minnesota
Albert Lea / Austin KOA
[ 7/10 ]
Nice little campground off the highway (off enough to not be annoying). Would stay again. Clean bathroom/showers, didn't go by the pool. Level sites, each site had a tree even though its basically on a farm.


text:
Native American Colors
Artist description:
I love the Native American Beadwork. I thought I would try my hand at it. Please rate and comment. Thank you.
Created Aug 31, 2010. Unless noted Copyright 2010
shadowdenigma .
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
The primary-colored birds looks so pretty. :) Ah, so all of this bead-style drawings of yours have been influenced by Native Americans? How fascinating! :D I love how they are perched on the floral-coverd branches. Simply beautiful! xD 5/5 and faves.
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CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- As president, Barack Obama has shown liberalism's true colors. I thank him for that.
Let us begin with campaign finance reform. Oh, this happened before he was president, or to be more exact, while he was running for president.
Obama accepted a whopping $750 million in campaign contributions - a half billion of the money coming from large donors, including the two richest men in America.
That was double the money Republican John McCain collected.
If liberals had any qualms about big money influencing the election, they remained silent. The dogs that did not bark were all those self-appointed campaign reformers.
Forgotten were their complaints when George Walker Bush raised $100 million to self-finance his primary races.
Once Obama was safe and president, the campaign finance complainers were back in action.
Oh, how they hate the fact that corporations can now criticize politicians outright in TV ads. It is particularly entertaining to read those New York Times editorials that decry corporations being involved in politics.
Isn't the New York Times part of a corporation?
Then there is fiscal responsibility. On the campaign trail, then-Sen. Obama complained about profligate spending.
"The problem is, is that the way Bush has done it over the last eight years is to take out a credit card from the Bank of China in the name of our children, driving up our national debt from $5 trillion for the first 42 presidents - No. 43 added $4 trillion by his lonesome, so that we now have over $9 trillion of debt that we are going to have to pay back - $30,000 for every man, woman and child," Obama said.
"That's irresponsible. It's unpatriotic."
On Obama's watch, the national debt will have increased by another "unpatriotic" $4 trillion in just three years.
Throughout the Bush presidency, liberals loved to quote socialist Howard Zinn's line, "Dissent is the highest form of patriotism," often misattributed to Thomas Jefferson.
However, when people protested against Obamacare in the summer of 2009, then-House Speaker Nancy Pelosi called their protests "un-American" in a column in USA Today.


text:
NYA Expanding Lower School to Include Toddlers
NYA is pleased to announce it will expand its Lower School by renovating and adding to the Lower School building. The new spaces will serve an additional 50 children. Construction is scheduled to begin in May, and the space will be complete when school starts the beginning of the 2014-15 school year.
The expansion will add a new toddler/pre-primary classroom (for children ages 18 months to 3 years) and two classrooms serving the third and fourth grades. The spaces will be renovated or constructed with efficient heating, electrical and technology systems.
Mon Feb 24
Emerge Magazine's January Pieces of the Month
Here are four pieces representing Emerge's January Pieces of the…
Wed Feb 19
NYA Awarded Libra Foundation Grant
North Yarmouth Academy (NYA) is pleased to announce it was…
Tue Feb 11
NYA Drama Presents "Thoroughly Modern Millie"
North Yarmouth Academy (NYA) presents Thoroughly Modern Millie on February…
Mon Feb 10
NYA Students Receive Regional Scholastic Writing Awards
North Yarmouth Academy (NYA) students Xander Bartone '17 (Bath), Morgan…


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Welcome, guest
By Josh Friedlander
Wed Nov 24, 2010
The firm confirmed to clients today that it has received a broad request for information.
Balyasny Asset Management wrote to its investors today to indicate that the firm had been subpoenaed on Monday. Citing sources, The Wall Street Journal had reported Monday that the firm was one of several targeted by the government's widespread inquiry into insider trading.
"Late Monday afternoon we received a faxed subpoena from the government requesting a broad set of general information for the last few years," said the Balyasny letter. "Our internal compliance processes have always been top tier, and our personal trading policies strict and well communicated. Therefore, while we...
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text:
See All Contributors »
I was just pulling up the Awesome CF app on my Android phone to check out the basketball roster, and noticed it is last years team. Could we get that updated, please?
Yes. I will report this to the developers. Thanks.
Twitter: @ChrisMWilliams Facebook: Cyclone Fanatic
Forum Rules


text:
Why ads?Narrow year range (drag arrows to filter):
2013 Ford Mustangs receive minor tweaks to their exteriors, front and rear, plus added technology like the Track Apps software to measure performance, upgraded audio systems, and more power from the 5.0-liter V8 engine. A new supercharger gives the Shelby GT500 a monstrous upgrade in power, with its V8 churning out 650 horsepower.
The 2012 Mustang receives a new selectable steering setup that includes Sport, Comfort and Standard modes, and the Mustang Boss 302 limited-run model debuts touting 444 horsepower. New features available on the 2012 Ford Mustang include dual illuminated visor vanity mirrors, a remote garage door opener, the Reverse Sensing System and HID headlamps.
For 2011, the Mustang receives two new engine choices: an all-aluminum 3.7-liter V6, and a 5.0-liter V8. Both engines can be fitted with a choice of six-speed manual or automatic transmissions, while the V6 models receive as standard a limited-slip differential. The 2011 Mustang receive a new electrically assisted power steering unit and improvements to its suspension, frame stiffness and interior NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) levels.
The 2010 Ford Mustang's maxi makeover brings more aggressive looks, improved dynamics, greater comfort and higher quality – real and perceived – all of which are impressively reinforced by a host of enhanced features and options. For the first time ever, AdvanceTrac Electronic Stability Control is available – and standard – on all models.
One more model year before a complete makeover to celebrate its 50th anniversary: That's the story for the 2014 Ford Mustang. Almost nothing changes this year for the original ponycar, that iconic symbol of affordable performance that blends modern efficiency with a strong 1960s-America vibe. New technology that includes track-specific software and mobile apps helps keep this muscle car modern, while four seats and a tolerable ride make it worthy of being a daily driver. The 2014 Mustang coupe and convertible are available in a wide range of forms, from a low-$20,000 V6 rear-drive sporty-car bargain to the $55,000-plus Shelby GT500 that packs a 662-horsepower monster motor. What a country.


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4br, Clinton Hill, Brooklyn, $6,321
This HUGE 4 bedroom...Convertible to 5, 2 full bathroom beautiful Clinton Hill apartment expands 2,250 s.f. YOU HAVE A CHOICE OF KITCHEN CABINETS!!! Under Construction but target date is Mid-Late October. If you sign the lease before full construction is done, you get your own choice of Kitchen Cabinets!!!! The apartment is like a loft with 10 to 16 feet ceilings and exposed wood beams throughout. The dark floors add the drama along with the exposed brick throughout. The 50 foot hallway leads you to the modern kitchen, equipped with Stainless Steel appliance?which includes a dishwasher, and a dining room/family room. On either side of the hallway you will find rooms and plenty of sunlight. The bedrooms are true sized with most being able to fit a king sized bed with room for whatever else you need. The kitchen offers a stone counter-top, Dishwasher and great appliances. The washer and dryer are an added convenience with a full sized stack unit. There are loads of closets. It is three blocks to the G train and a couple more blocks the the C train. The bus stops at the end of the block. Fort Greene Park is 5 blocks away. Some of Clinton Hill/Fort Greene?s greatest restaurants are at the end of the block on Myrtle Ave. To name a few you have Putnam?s, Chez Lola, Maggie Browns, Five Spot and Luz to choose from within a three block radius. This is truly a gem in the area. There is nothing like it for the size and location. ***The pictures are of a unit in same building not of the actual unit.
Apartment Details
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About 1 month
Last updated:
4 months
Pets Allowed
Dishwasher, In-Unit Laundry
Nearby Subway Stations
Clinton - Washington Avs (0.41 mi)
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Monitor eBay using GarageBuy for Mac
Those who often use eBay to purchase items may not like the Web site's interface. For those users and others who want to follow eBay items easily from their desktop, GarageBuy for Mac may be a useful program.
The program took a bit longer than expected to download, but started up immediately after it completed without any actual setup. It also asked us whether we wanted the companion iPhone app, but this was easily dismissed. There appeared to be support for updates. No instructions were available, but this was not a detriment since the interface was easy to figure … Read more


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21 Lime Tree Mead , Tiverton , Devon , EX16 4PX
Read stories, check out member reviews, explore photo galleries and answer community questions.
Upload your own stories and post personal reviews. Upload your own photos and ask your peers their opinion.
Enhance your standing in the luxury world by making your voice heard.


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News & Updates
Event Calendar
March 12, 2014 - 12:00pm
March 12, 2014 - 6:30pm
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Resource Finder at Kennedy Krieger Institute
Submitted by admin on June 23, 2011 - 3:08pm
A free resource that provides access to information and support for individuals and families living with developmental disabilities.
Found 1 results
Johnson AR, DeMatt E, Salorio CF.
2009. Predictors of outcome following acquired brain injury in children.. Developmental disabilities research reviews. 15(2):124-32. Abstract


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Henriette's Herbal Homepage
I have no articles for this botanical term, but there might be some for the next level down (if found).
This site runs drupal on a Team Holistic server. It's like greased lightning, compared to the old VPS server. If you run a slow slow drupal site, consider switching!


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Amber, Fucked Like An Animal
True Story, Boys/Teen Female, Humiliation, Non-consensual sex, Rape, Virginity, Young
Author's infos
Gender: Male Age: Secret Location: Pacific Northwest
Posted: 2010-05-25
Amber was not only raped by a gang of boys but humiliated in the process.
Amber, Fucked Like An Animal
Amber was not only raped by a gang of boys but humiliated in the process.
"I hope you rot in hell you fucking bastards," I screamed at them, though my voice was just swallowed up by the loud music.
I couldn't believe it. I had just been raped. I thought about what had just happened, what got me to this point. Let me step back and start at the beginning. My name is Amber. I am 17 years old, 5 feet 7 inches tall, 34C breasts in a well proportioned 125 pound body. I have blonde hair a few inches past shoulder length. Most people would say that I'm pretty. And before tonight I was a virgin.
A few days ago I heard about this party. One of the guys at school, I hardly knew him, had his house to himself this weekend and word got around that he was having a party. Everyone that was anyone would be there, including me. Oh I had my circle of friends for the past few years through high school but they weren't the in-crowd. I wanted to break into that group, even if I had to fuck my way into it. By going to this party I had planned on meeting some hot eligible hunks and by god I was going to get noticed.
I blew all my savings on this one night. I spent $85 to jump to the head of the line at the beauty salon. But it was worth it as my hair looked gorgeous.
I didn't wear the standard pants but got a pair of Billy cut True Religion jeans that cost me nearly $150. My blouse was to die for. It was a Venus berry-colored sequined top that hung off one shoulder. The sleeves came down just past the elbows. The front swooped low across one breast and on up over the opposite shoulder. My god I looked hot and expected to turn a few heads. I wondered if anyone would recognize me from school as I had never worn clothes like this in the past.
"You're going to get in trouble wearing those clothes," my little sister said as I was getting dressed.
"You had better just keep your mouth shut Suzie," I warned her, "if you know what's good for you." I sure didn't need her messing things up. Then I took a different approach. "Listen, keep quiet about this and I'll owe you one, big time, ok?"
"Anything I want?" she asked.
"Yes, but not now," I promised. "I have to go." I didn't know what she would ask but I didn't have time then to argue or even negotiate. I slipped on my designer tennies and headed out the door.
The guy's name who was having the party was Jake. He was some football jock and all the girls fawned all over him. I just wanted one of his buddies to be interested in me. With only one year of high school left I wasn't going to waste it.
Fifteen minutes later I arrived at Jake's house. There were cars everywhere so I knew I had the right place, though had to park a block away. His parents must have been rich as you could have put a house his size between his and the neighbors on either side. There were a few other kids walking up the pathway as I approached. The music was loud and could be easily heard even with the front door still shut. But when we entered it overpowered me. It took me a few minutes to adapt but soon you just learned to ignore it while talking. There were a few people I knew from some of my classes. We certainly weren't best buds but knew them enough to wave hi. I asked one where the drinks were and she pointed towards the kitchen.
For the next hour I danced a little, roamed around a lot and drank a couple of beers. That's all they had. How Jake managed to get a hold of all the beer he had there was beyond me but I guess rich kids have their sources.
I was listening to the music when some kid came up to me and handed me a drink. "Try this, you'll like it."
I must have looked startled. The kid looked barely a teenager. What was he doing here? "A little young to be here aren't you?" I asked him. He was still holding his hand out offering me the drink. "What is it?" I asked.
"An African Queen," he said, "Just like you. I even included the maraschino cherry."
"Thank you. You may be small but at least you're polite." I took a sip. It was good. "It's coffee but not. There's a sweet flavor. I taste a little orange and almonds. Where the hell, I mean heck, did you come up with this. Everyone else is drinking beer."
"I know where they hide the good stuff," he said. "And you look like someone that deserves only the best."
I took another sip. This kid was actually the first person to really be nice to me tonight. Oh I danced with a few guys but they ran off right afterward. "What's your name kid?"
"Kenny, and yours?"
"Amber," I told him, taking another drink. It was warm and I felt it going down, warming my chest. "How old are you really?" I asked my new friend Kenny.
"I'm old enough, don't you worry about that," he said with a hint of anger. It was like he had been kidded about his age and was super sensitive.
"No, I didn't mean any offense. Really, how old are you, for real, and don't bullshit me either," I said. I took another drink, nearly finishing my African Queen.
"I'm 14, but I'm as big as half the guys in this room," he boasted.
"OK, Mr. big guy," I laughed. "I'm 17 and shouldn't be drinking but who the hell cares? So how about another African drink for your Queen?" I laughed at my own stumble of words.
"Don't go away," Kenny said as he took my cup and walked off to the kitchen.
I turned back to the crowd and watched as everyone floated across the floor. I wondered if Kenny had mixed my drink correctly or if it was really supposed to be that strong. I was a little dizzy. Maybe it was the fact that I had not eaten anything in a while. I wandered over to a table with some snacks and started chowing down.
"I thought I told you not to go away," came a voice from behind me. Turning I saw Kenny standing there with my drink.
Taking the cup I said, "Why thank you Kenny, the chivalrous gentleman. I just had to get something in me. I haven't eaten all day and that drink went right to my head."
"This food is all crap here. Come with me," he said, taking my hand and guiding me away from the table. A few seconds later we were in the kitchen. There were a few people there but it certainly wasn't the crowd he just pulled me from. He opened the fridge and took out a half eaten sandwich. "Take a bite of this," he instructed.
I did and it was delicious. Ham and cheese on a soft wheat hoagie bun. It was better than any I had eaten from Subway. I was a little embarrassed when I realized I had devoured it all in a few bites. "Sorry about that. I guess I was really hungry." I washed it down by gulping the new drink Kenny made me. It seemed a bit stronger than the last but tasted even better.
"Are you trying to get me drunk?" I asked him.
"Would you mind if I did?" he replied.
"Well actually you are a little too young for me Kenny," I cautioned him. "You should find a girl more your age."
"What, you don't think I could handle you?" His voice held a bitter tone to it. Someone must have hurt him bad.
Taking another big swig of my drink I told him, "I'm sure you think you can Kenny, but at 14, there isn't a whole lot there that could satisfy my needs. So thank you for the drink and the food but you had better go back to your play room." That was cold and as soon as I said it I wanted to take it back. But it was too late. Why I said that I don't know but the fire in his eyes was unmistakable. I finished off my drink, grabbed a beer from the ice chest on the floor and walked out of the kitchen, back to the crowds.
For the next hour I sort of just hung out. I drank and snacked and began wishing I hadn't given the brushoff to Kenny. For one think he had better food and drink than what I was getting out here. I just couldn't figure out, in my inebriated state, how he knew where everything was, how he was able to get the finer things.
I had to take a pee but there was a line at the bathroom. So I wandered down the hallway and stumbled onto the master bedroom. Someone was coming out of the bathroom but there wasn't any line. "Be quick, we're not supposed to be in here," the girl told me as she walked by. I took as long as I needed to do my business and then left, passing the same warning to the next person.
As I walked out of the master bedroom I saw Kenny standing at the end of the hallway, furthest from the crowd. I smiled and waved.
"Amber, I just wanted to apologize," he yelled out. I decided to let him and walked to the end of the hall where he was standing. There was a bedroom next to him with the door ajar. I could see three other boys in there, all around Kenny's age or younger.
"Are these your friends?" I asked, turning towards the bedroom and stepping through the threshold.
"Yes, one is 14 and the other two are 13," he told me. He took a hold of my arm and pushed me into the room. "I wanted you to know our ages, how young we were, beforehand."
"Beforehand? Before what?" I asked as one of the boys shut the door behind me and another turned up the radio really loud.
"Before we rape your fucking ass," Kenny said. That's when each of the four boys grabbed me, one on each leg and one on each arm. They literally lifted me into the air and a moment later I was flat on my back on the floor.
"What the fuck, stop it you assholes," I screamed, kicking and wiggling, trying to get away. But my drunken state and with four boys holding me down I wasn't getting away any time soon. I started to scream again but someone stuffed a sock in my mouth.
While two boys held down my upper body the other two managed to undo my designer jeans and yank them off of me, taking my panties with them.
"Look how hairy she is," one boy said. While the two pinned my arms, the third held both legs, allowing Kenny to take off his own clothes. When he pulled off his underpants and t-shirt I was a bit surprised. He was bigger than what I would have thought possible for a 14-year-old. He was ready for me too, already erect. I wasn't sure, maybe 6 inches. But big enough to do his damage. I was still a virgin but I feared that was about to end.
Kenny and the other boy spread my legs apart and Kenny knelt between them. I struggled some more but it wasn't any use. They were all holding me down tight. Kenny's body lay down on top of me. I felt his hand as he took a hold of his shaft and rubbed the head against my opening. I got the distinct feeling this was not the first time he had fucked anyone.
"Hold her legs wider," he said to the kid next to him. Kenny pushed my right leg out while the other kid did the same to my left. I felt the head of his prick enter my opening, the first time anyone ever had. Then he pushed. It was like someone had ripped me open. I screamed into the sock but couldn't hear my own voice over the music. He pulled back out and pushed in again, going deeper this time. My pussy was on fire, the pain only slightly less than with Kenny's first thrust. Again and again he assaulted my formerly virgin cunt. Tears rolled down my cheeks but after a couple of minutes at least the pain was going away. I think I was going numb. Several minutes more of Kenny fucking me and I no longer felt any pain at all. What I did feel was my pussy walls trying desperately to hold onto his shaft as he pulled out. Then when he sank himself deep inside of me it would clamp down again. I didn't want my body to do this but I couldn't control it. It was reacting to the fucking all on its own.
I realized I had stopped struggling. All I could hear was Kenny grunting with each thrust and the current song on the radio. It was Closer by Nine Inch Nails.
You let me violate you
You let me desecrate you
You let me penetrate you
You let me complicate you
Help me…Help me…Help me…Help me… That's what I needed, help from someone. The song went on.
I wanna fuck you like an animal
I wanna feel you from the inside
I wanna fuck you like an animal
God, that's what Kenny was doing to me now. Then he came, one final animalistic thrust deep inside of me and he held himself there. I could feel his cum shoot up his shaft and into my body, filling me to overflowing. He collapsed on top of me, out of breath, just resting there for a couple of minutes. I continued to cry.
Kenny lifted his torso up and looked at me. Then he said one word, "Slut" and smiled. That's when I felt it. He was pissing inside of me. The fucker was burning up my insides with his disgusting urine. I struggled to get up once more but as before made no headway at all. Before he was done he pulled himself out and continued to piss on my pussy, thighs and stomach.
One of the other kids stood up and pulled out his dick. He starting peeing all over my new top. Kenny had finished and took the other kid's place holding down my legs while the new kid pissed all over my good jeans, lower legs and feet. The last kid finally got his turn and pissed all over my hair and face. I burned everywhere, inside and out. Then the ultimate humiliation happened. One kid pulled the sock out of my mouth. While he held open my jaw the last kid finished off by pissing in my mouth.
They all stood up then, putting away their weapons, Kenny getting dressed. Free now I rolled over coughing and spitting to get as much of the piss out of my mouth as I could.
"You're nothing but a filthy whoring slut," Kenny said, "and you got what you deserved, a good fucking. Actually not not even worth pissing on."
"I hope you rot in hell you fucking bastards," I screamed as they walked out. But my cries were silent next to the music. Though it was another song playing, all I could hear were those words from Closer going through my head.
I wanna fuck you like an animal
I wanna feel you from the inside
I wanna fuck you like an animal
I grabbed my clothes, put them on, wet with pee. I smelled like a sewer. I had to get out of there. Running out of the room I quickly made my way to the front door. There were a few rude comments but I didn't even pause to see who said them. I was soon back to my car and on my way home. When I arrived I stripped down in the garage, put on some overalls, and threw my clothes into the washer. I then made my way to the bathroom and into the shower, washing away the stink both inside and out.
With summer only starting I thought it would be all over in three months. But my attackers were all freshmen my senior year and made sure that everyone knew exactly what they did to me. Fuck, I hated those kids. But Kenny was right. He wasn't too little of a kid for me. He fucked me like an animal.
The end (unless you would like to hear what Amber did next)
Epilogue: Though dramatized, the core of the story was true. It happened to a friend of mine. She was raped at 17 by four boys ages 13 and 14. One fucked her and then pissed inside of her while the others pissed all over her. They did humiliate her at school that next year. She decided it was time to tell her story.
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42 comments
anonymous reader
2013-12-10 02:54:33
I like a lot of your other stories, misread the tags on this though. Not good.
True stories should state that it's true at the beginning.
anonymous reader
2013-02-02 15:04:05
If this was true I am so sorry
anonymous reader
2012-12-08 21:12:45
Hey how bout this instead of trying to go to parties and act all cool she should have just gotten drunk with her real freinds and not try to be some fake bitch. I dont condone what those kids did in fact i would have shot them if this girl was my freind but trying to be someone you arent is never good. And i agree with the other posts this is the wrong site to post that story on
anonymous reader
2012-10-19 23:43:59
I feel like crap because I was enjoying what I thought was a hardcore sexual fantasy. When I found out this was real, I felt so ashamed and so depressed and angry. Please, people, don't post real stories like this. It hurts me.
anonymous reader
2012-10-19 23:43:14
I feel like crap because I was enjoying what I thought was a hardcore sexual fantasy. When I found out this was real, I felt so ashamed and so depressed and angry. Please, people, don't post real stories like this. It hurts me.
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text:
1-year-old thinks a magazine is a broken iPad
This will either make you giggle or weep. And even if you giggle, it might be out of nervous fear for the future rather than joy.
For here is a 1-year-old who believes all media are now touch-screen-enabled. She seems not to understand that a magazine--Marie-Claire, in this example--doesn't take to pinching or prodding.
The video was posted by Jean-Louis Costanza, George's lost French cousin (not), currently the CEO at Orange-Vallee, a subsidiary of the France Telecom brand Orange.
I thank Laughing Squid for alerting me to Costanza's 1-year-old daughter, who will clearly be ahead of any … Read more


text:
[27 January 2014]
Caffeine, anhydrous (125 mg/mL) / Sodium benzoate (125 mg/mL), American Regent 2 mL single-dose vial, package of 10 (NDC 00517-2502-10)
No presentations are available.
American Regent has caffeine and sodium benzoate injection on back order and the company cannot estimate a release date.1
Caffeine and sodium benzoate is labeled for the treatment of acute respiratory depression associated with overdosage of CNS depressant agents, although it is no longer a preferred agent for this indication.2-4 Caffeine and sodium benzoate is more commonly used off-label for the treatment of postdural puncture headache and in combination with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to prolong seizure duration.2, 4
Do not interchange caffeine citrate with caffeine and sodium benzoate.2 Caffeine citrate is labeled for the treatment of idiopathic apnea of prematurity.2, 4
Table. Selected Clinical Uses of Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate and Potential Therapeutic Alternatives
Treatment of Choice
Postdural Puncture Headache2, 5-10
Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate 500 mg in 1,000 mL normal saline infused over 1 hour, followed by 1,000 mL normal saline infused over 1 hour. A second dose may be given after 4 hours if necessary.
Electroconvulsive Therapy2, 11-17
Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate 500 mg (maximum of 2000 mg) IV infused over 20-30 seconds 5 minutes prior to electrical stimulation
Theophylline may cause status epilepticus in patients with slightly higher than therapeutic plasma concentrations.
Updated January 27, 2014 by Michelle Wheeler, PharmD, Drug Information Specialist. Created August 15, 2011, by Megan Dryer, PharmD, Drug Information Specialist. Copyright 2014, Drug Information Service, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
This information is provided through the support of Novation to ASHP solely as a service to its members, which shall not use this information for their further commercial use. The content was prepared by the Drug Information Center of University of Utah. Novation, ASHP, and the University of Utah make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, which respect to such information, and specifically disclaim all such warranties. Users of this information are advised that decisions regarding the use of drugs and drug therapies are complex medical decisions and that in using this information, each user must exercise his or her own independent professional judgment. Neither Novation, ASHP nor the University of Utah assumes any liability for persons administering or receiving drugs or other medical care in reliance upon this information, or otherwise in connection with this bulletin. Neither Novation, ASHP nor University of Utah endorses or recommends the use of any drug.
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text:
- the story
Rain and Shine
These handmade glass earrings seem to carry with them the quiet light of rainclouds backlit by an unseen sun. In each one, a glass droplet nestles into the curve of a silver wire oval, hinting at the ancient yin-yang symbol of balance. Their look falls in easily with formal glamor or a comfortable pair of jeans.
Jewelry artist Jess Panza grew up at the rainy foot of the Appalachian Mountains, and soaked in the magic of watching raindrops perpetually race each other down the window pane. She now captures that sense of natural wonder in her atmospheric accessories. Handmade in Los Angeles, California.
Click here to see Jess's matching Raindrop in Oval Necklace
- details
Community Voted
- Item ID
- 30394
- Made from
- sterling silver, glass
- Measurements
- Oval: .625" L x .5" W
- the maker
Jess Panza
Verre by Jess Panza is a reinvention of age-old glass techniques with the goal set for zero waste of resources and no harm to the environment. The design objective is always to make the work resonate with people, to make it relevant to their lives today. There is no "shock value" relying on cleverness but real, lasting intrinsic beauty. She likes to think of the work as eco-luxe. collection
lien earrings$90.00 - $125.00 -
fiber optic braceletoriginally $98.00 -
aqua raindrop pendant$90.00 -
fiber optic necklaceoriginally $85.00 -
boule necklace$65.00 -
fiber optic earringsoriginally $95.00 -
gouttelette stud earrings$65.00 -
raindrop in oval necklace - sterling silver$75.00 -
visqueux necklace$165.00 -
carre necklace$85.00 -
escargot earrings$85.00 -
aqua raindrop earrings$90.00
You might also like…
Gouttelette Stud Earrings $65.00 -
Aqua Raindrop Earrings $90.00 -
Raindrop in Oval Necklace - Sterling Silver $75.00 -
Lien Earrings $125.00 -
Silver Lining Earrings $90.00 -
Berry Spiral Earrings $125.00 -
Zen Rain Earrings $90.00 -
Glass Teardrop Earrings $86.00 -
Calla Lily Earrings $120.00 -
Lichen Earrings $62.00 -
Glass Birthstone Earrings $48.00 -
Triangle Stained Glass Earrings $55.00 -
Sake Bottle Earrings $54.00 -
Boomerang Earrings $40.00 -
A Tree Grows Necklace $290.00


text:
There is no formation available for this game
Unfortunately, the 'Rate Players' feature is unavailable because team line-ups are not available for this game.
sorry! at loftus road!
Redknapp wants to sign a few more players to keep the team in the league. with his yesterday's team pick up, he just wanted to proof the owners of the team that he is right about current players in the team (that they are not good enough). Redknapp is a smart coach! I believe they will get at least a point at ettihad in coming next game! of course the line up will be tottally different (a 50% change in the line up). by the way, I'm a Chelsea fan but believing in Redknapp!
out of the cup ,soon to be out of the prem
sorry I should have said " the England manager's job"
Redknap, your a joke of a manager, thank god you didn't get the managers job, i don't think you will last long at QPR
qpr qpr qpr qp ha ha ha ha ha ha ha
i dont think i have ever seen as low a rating as Ferdinand has received, which proves what a useless, moaning, bag o shyte cant he really is. lol!!!
Omg. You don't get any money for staying in the F.A. Cup. Only for staying in the premier league. It's a matter of priorities at this time. BB.
Hi ANTON Great game must be your best of season.Who are you going to blame for this defeat.The ref or someone called you a nasty name? like ANTON . Sorry Harry you got a bunch of over paid plonkers,who think of their wallets more than the game. Till you get rid of the rubbish you go down.Call your brother ANTON so he can hold your and cry.
HA HA HA HA . Even crooked harry cannot turn these clowns into footballers . what a shower of sh@te they are . if i was a fan , i would be thinking of supporting the only team in west london . CHELSEA CHELSEA CHELSEA . this mob were lucky to stay up last season but htey have proved this season that they dont belong in it . DELIGHTED FOR MK DONS .
OH DEAR! 'Arry wil have a hard job to explain this result!
bye bye grp
Embarrassed to call myself a QPR fan today.
Well played Mk Dons you deserved to win. QPR remove that central defence now!!! Lets not forget QPR fans most of the first team players where not playing so hopefully we can carry on with our league form!!
Bryon stop talking out your #$%$!!
jesus even the dons have started to feel sorry for QPR now
Redknapp must be sacked now, you play your strongest and best team, not a 2nd string team, this is virtually match rigging and the FA shoud take action, but we all know Redknapp is a #$%$ and probaly has money on the MK dons what a disgrace and an embarressment to the game, shocking and a disgrace, shame on QPR and all they stand for, get relegated and then tumble down the divsions, hopefully out of business
what did the fans ask,come and save us Harry? good choice!
Arry needs to stop moaning about his players - his job was to mold the squad to an effective team, not blame his players; buck stops with the gaffer Arry!
oh no.. QPR, so ashame to lose to league 2 club with 4 goals concede oredy.. please score atleast 3..


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There are many different formats in which audio information can be presented, from cassette tapes and CDs to electronic files. This is an area in which technology is always developing, and new formats that are introduced aim to improve the consumer experience, by adding additional functionality or flexibility.
One key difference between formats is the way in which the audio is actually stored - as an analogue or a digital signal. More modern formats use digital encoding, whilst the cassette tape uses analogue encoding.
Analogue recording is when the properties of the sound wave are physically recorded onto the recording medium (e.g. grooves in a record or magnetisation on tape). Therefore the recording is "analogous" of the physical properties of the sound. When played back, these physical modifications cause the same sound to be reproduced.
Digital recording takes samples of the sound wave, and records it as numbers (digits), so the data is stored as a string of numbers rather than directly reflecting the properties of the sound. When it is played back, these numbers are converted back to an analogue wave and the sound is reproduced.
The main benefit of digital recording is that it does not wear out over time. With analogue, as the recording is played over and over, the physical record is eroded and can be destroyed. With digital, the same numbers produce the same sound time after time.
Controversy remains over the relative merits of analogue and digital technology, although digital formats are widely thought to be better quality, have greater capacity and be easier to navigate than their analogue counterparts.
RNIB has carried out research into the how the transition from analogue to digital audio may affect blind and partially sighted people. The study involved looked into availability of media, transcriber views, and user views. A summary report is also available. Reports published Spring 2008.
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The village of Santo Janni is 2,99 kilometers far from the same town of San Donato Val di Comino to whom it belongs.
To the municipality of San Donato Val di Comino also belong the localities of Campo Casino (1,67 km), Cappella (2,12 km), Cappella Lucida (2,18 km), Castagneto (3,15 km), Colle Javerra (3,13 km), Cretone (2,73 km), Folingaro (0,86 km), Fosso (1,51 km), Miliarda (1,68 km), Pedicone (4,17 km), Ponte di Tolle (1,79 km), San Fedele (2,60 km), San Paolo (2,03 km), Sant'Andrea (4,09 km), Selva (1,18 km), Serola (1,99 km), Valanziera (1,56 km), Vorga (2,13 km)
The number in parentheses following each village name indicate the distance between the same village and the municipality of San Donato Val di Comino.
The locality of Santo Janni rises 425 meters abobe sea level.
The population of Santo Janni counts 24 inhabitants.
Please find in what follows:There are no parishes in Santo Janni.
Weather and weather forecast for San Donato Val di Comino, to whom Santo Janni belongs.
You can arrange the results by number of stars, by popularity, by distance or even by the guest review score choosing among young couples, mature couples, families with young children, families with older children, people withfriends, or solo travellers.
Most recent free ads in Santo Janni, municipality of San Donato Val di Comino, province of Frosinone, Lazio region, updated at 14:54:52, 09 March 2014.
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Most recent free ads in the province of Frosinone | |
cedesi in gestione centro sportivo con pizzeria | 2013-09-08 |
gestione Centro Sportivo con pizzeria - tel. 3471434214 | 2013-08-12 |
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affittasi casa, Poggio Nativo | 2014-02-24 |
casa di gio b&b | 2014-02-21 |
appartamento pronta consegna a roma | 2014-02-15 |
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San Donato Val Di Comino |
S. Donato Val Di Comino Casella Rurale |
S. Donato Val Di Comino E Forca D'acero |
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Settefrati |
Campagna Di Alvito |
Campo Di Grano |
San Donato Val Comino 1983 |
Campagna Sandonatese |
La Dolce Campagna |
Look at the interactive map of Santo Janni and get the road maps, the satellite maps and the mixed ones too.
Interactive maps of Santo Janni also allow an immediate view of:
Just click on any of the categories above to see them located on the map.
The free text search box input field at the bottom of the map allows you to search any kind of business activities within the map itself.
A selection of videos about Santo Janni, San Donato Val di Comino, Frosinone, Lazio


text:
Monday, August 8 - Friday, August 12
5:00 pm to 8:00 pm @ Kenosia for Children ages 5-14
5 & 6 year olds will end by 7:30
Each 3-hour session will be a mix of warm-up, skills, games, small-sided games and scrimmages. Players are grouped by age and Players must bring shin guards and water. All players will receive a DYSC Camp T-Shirt.