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Truth & Rumors > NBA
Did Shaq cover up darker side?
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09:25 AM ET 07.24 | It is so easy for an athlete to receive forgiveness for this sin, though. So easy. And without even having to actually erase or even conceal the arrogance, either. Giant Shaquille O'Neal has offered the blueprint, and Giant Brian Wilson is following it now. Just do things with a wink and a smile. Have you seen all the jerky stuff on Shaq's resume?
I may be in very small minority but I have never been a Shaq fan. I always thought the joking was hiding the emotions of a very mean man.
What is the point here? What had Wilson done? What is the 'jerky stuff' on Shaq's resume? This leaves out a bit of info.
Did you bother to read the rest of the article or just the FN 'tease'? Assuming the latter. Being critical carries more weight when one is actually 'informed' on the issue.
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Surely you are an alter name to hide your identity fool.What's your obsession with the heat?This is a thread about Shaq!Get a life and move on!A team that just made the finals sucks?Wonder what team you jumped ship on to feel the need to make such a statement.
The heat has just as much to do with this article as Kobe. What's your obsession with Kobe? And yea your team may have got to the finals, but your king choked at the top. Even wade has turned into a pompous **** ever since James arrived. Bosh is the one that earned the most respect and he still has to live in the shadows of an injury proned wade and a cowardly James. The heat may win a title but they have nothing to be proud of.
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Its interesting what you say about bosh.....I don't think 'respect' is the right word though
Well the reasons I give him respect is because before the year, I called bosh out as the weak link and said the heat would never win a title unless he gives up something and focus on defense, his biggest weakness. Bosh is far from a perfect player but out of all the big 3 in Miami Jbg, he sacrificed the most and improved the most and got the least publicity for it. James reverted back to his old choke artist self, Wade can't help himself from getting injured, and Bosh is putting up great stats and not getting a chance to shine yet didn't cause any ruckus or mayhem. So yeah, out of all the big 3 Bosh is the one who actually earned my respect this year, especially since i was hardest on him before the year.
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typed it too fast and mispelled your name. my mistake JGB
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Who really knows (or cares) of he was mean or not......My issue with shaq is he was quite lazy with his work ethic and had he put the time and effort into training, he might have won 8-10 rings instead of 4
I was always a big shaq fan in the 90's instead of an MJ fan, and you are right bro. If shaq had a decent work ethic, he could have been the best center of all time. Let's look at games missed due to injuries, and free throws missed over his careers.... between missing games and FT's it's debatable that shaq left some 5,000 or so points on the court... give or take afew hundred either way. I think Shaq realized all too late in his career that the people like his old Orl coach, and Kobe, who wanted him to work hard year round, weren't so foolish after all. The time i stopped sticking up for shaq for being lazy was when he told the lakers "I get hurt on company time and I'll heal on company time" and didn't bother having his surgery until the season started. What a childish and immature move, but it shows the mentallity of Shaq. Shaq was and always will be a big kid and that's who he is and why he is forgiven for his mistakes so easily.
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I'm glad he earned your respect, but bosh did not really improve anything. He was already a 20-10 guyHe did sacrifice being 'the man'...but he proved he was not able to be an elite big in the duncan mode and carry a team on his back. That he was a #2 type....which is fine.He has never been a top defender, still isn'tI'm not knocling bosh, I've always been a fan of his....Just saying that what he did as a #3 guy there is basically exactly what he did as a #1 in toronto (minus a few stats)....I think you UNDERrated him in the past
Truth is, your probably right JGB. I'm sure I undervalued Bosh in toronto despite seeing him play afew times. His numbers didn't drop as the 3rd wheel though is what makes it impressive. He isn't a great defender (never will be) but at least he was hustling hard on D and playing his **** off. I am not a heat fan at all but I do know that Bosh throughout the playoffs was the most consistant of the big 3. LBJ disappeared for the finals and Wade disappeared for the Bulls. Bosh was quietly just doing his thing all along. But you are right, perhaps part of is that I just undervalued bosh as a player before this year.
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Truth & Rumors
Phil Jackson's criticism didn't faze Carmelo Anthony
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Report: Raiders target Matt Schaub, Mark Sanchez
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Teams miffed at Emmanuel Sanders' agent
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Cubs fire team psychologist
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Yankees' Masahiro Tanaka may start Game 4
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Ellen Call Long retained control of The Grove when Richard Keith Call died in 1862. Richard split the property between his two surviving daughters, Mary Call and Ellen Long.
Image Number: PC4293
Maurice Thompson's novel, A Tallahassee Girl (1881), was set at The Grove and based on Ellen's daughter, Eleanora "Nonie" Long Hollinger.
A prolific author, Ellen published on silkworm culture, the Battle of New Orleans, and Florida history. Ellen's literary account of Florida history, titled Florida Breezes (1883), is considered a valuable mix of fact and embellishment about frontier Florida gleaned mostly from discussions with her father.
Image Number: RC09790
Ellen may have been the first white child born in Leon County, Florida. She was the daughter of Richard Keith Call and Mary Letitia Kirkman. Ellen authored several books, including Florida Breezes (1883).
Much of the land originally owned by Richard Keith Call was gradually sold off for financial reasons.
Like other women to follow her at The Grove, Ellen was an entrepreneur. In order to hold onto the family home, she devised various strategies to earn income.
Ellen was the first resident to operate The Grove as a hotel, intermittently admitting travelers into her home beginning in the mid-1870s. Ellen also built detached greenhouses to grow vegetables and even produced silk in several rooms of the home.
Image Number: RC02908
Ellen became well known for her skills in silk culture and received letters from around the state and nation soliciting advice on silkworms.
From her labors, Ellen presented a large silk flag to Edward Aylsworth Perry on the occasion of his inauguration as Governor of Florida in 1885. In addition to silk culture, limited agricultural activities continued at The Grove and at the Orchard Pond plantation until at least the early 1870s.
Image Number: RC02074
This flag was made of silk from silkworms raised in Tallahassee by Ellen Call Long at The Grove and presented to Governor Edward Aylsworth Perry at his inauguration.
Image Number: PR12068
This is believed to be the oldest known photograph of The Grove. Note the glass windows below the front porch. These windows provided sunlight for Ellen's agricultural pursuits, particularly the silkworms kept under the front porch. During this time, the stairs exited to the left side of the porch.
Ellen was forced to sell many parcels of land surrounding her childhood home. By 1887, The Grove constituted only 13 of its original 640 acres.
Until her death in 1905, Ellen tried vigorously to convince the State of Florida to buy the property. When the state refused, she was forced to sell additional parcels and household furnishing to make ends meet.
Henry Flagler purchased two stone tablets from Ellen which he placed near the entrance to his home, Whitehall, in Palm Beach. The stone tablets had been recovered from the Spanish fort San Marcos de Apalachee and obtained at some point by Richard Keith Call.
Image Number: N044980
Note the south-facing stairs extending from the front porch. These stairs replaced the glass windows visible in the above photograph.

subset: commoncrawl


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December 9th, 2013
In mid-2012, a North Korean army minister named Kim Chol was reportedly 'obliterated' with a mortar round, on the orders of leader Kim Jong-un, for 'disrespectful behaviour'.
The news was only one rivulet in a stream of concerned rumour winding out of the isolationist Communist state, where reports of disappearances, poverty, summary executions and starvation form a complimentary backdrop to the Kim dynasty's cult of personality.
For the outside world, most of these atrocities are symbolised by an overwhelming wave of moss-green nylon, gold medals and red stars, the uniform of the North Korea People's Army and the epitome of the iron fastness that the country's rulers lock around their own subjects.
However, Elle Magazine has seen something of worth in the iconic attire, featuring it in a recent online piece as 'North Korea Chic'. The magazine informed its readers that "some iteration of the military trend stomps the runways every few seasons. This time, it's edgier, even dangerous, with sharp buckles and clasps and take-no-prisoners tailoring." The piece included the image of a single gold stiletto poised next to a North Korean soldier at attention.
Posted in: CultureShocks
November 21st, 2013
Nov. 18th at Textappeal's first private Advisory Board dinner in association with Loveurope, TED celebrity and founder of makelovenotporn.com Cindy Gallop provoked an electroshock with her talk on "Accelerating Innovation in Global Marketing".
Posted in: CultureShocks
Tagged: Accelerating Innovation, Cindy gallop, commoditising, culture shocks, global marketing, Loveurope, makelovenotporn.com, TED celebrity, textappeal
September 12th, 2013
An Elephant in the Room
Could it be that even Sir Martin Sorrell was a little shocked by the deca-billion consolidation of the ad industry? As Adage reported, August 27th at WPP's half-year earnings conference he displayed a chart that naughtily painted the result of the future Publicis-Omnicom Group in a "sludgy brown colour" (his words).
He explained this is what you get when you mix the purple and orange corporate tints of the new Franco-American couple. He name-called it "POG", and wished Maurice and John's marriage trouble with regulatory approval.
Like a Che Guevara battling murky monopolies, comrade Sorrell defended the so-called collaborative "agency team" unite dogma for all. An anomaly designed years ago to help HSBC bank bring global order to the marketing of a disparate multi-local financial services group built by acquisition, now generalised into a single client-catch-all. Like a Richard Branson rebelliously standing up for customer rights and delights, he astonishingly dismissed scale in global creative services as a bad thing!
WPP is nothing if not a consolidated top-down empire. The performance was a smart, funny, cynical piece of propaganda to differentiate what in effect are monopolies jointly cornering over 70% of world client spend.
Jaded perhaps but not blind (clients have gone through their own ruthless series of consolidation and restructuring), the industry knows the next round, if it happens, could push the needle into the 90s.
The elephant in the room Mr. Sorrell deliberately ignored is the only one of real significance to brand owners and that is 'the death of choice'. Read more
Posted in: CultureShocks
Tagged: creative services advertising, global creative services, global marketing, globalised business, independent agency, Loveurope, multi-market brand challenges, premium international services, World Federation of Advertisers (WFA)
Posted in: News
August 15th, 2013
Achtung! Of the 5,000 new words that feature in the latest edition of the German equivalent of the OED – the Duden – one has raised a few more eyebrows than the rest. It's an Anglicism, or a loan word from the English language, that has gained intriguing popularity in the German-speaking world, even appearing on the lips of Chancellor Angela Merkel. The word is Shitstorm, and means in German roughly what it means in English.
This last point is one worth making, because the German language has a longstanding tradition of borrowing words from English and distorting their meaning ever so slightly, giving them a new life of their own in English. Pseudo-anglicisms have become engrained, the unwitting German speakers largely unaware that the words have not travelled well: that in English a Streetworker is not an outreach worker, and that asking for a Handy is likely to get you a slap rather than a mobile phone.
France is traditionally much more protective over its language, with the much-vaunted Académie française dictating what should and should not be said. Or at least attempting to dictate… In this technological age it has made some admirable attempts to resist the (new) lingua franca by introducing such terms as courriel – a clever way of combining "courrier" (mail) and "électronique" – and mèl as substitutes for the English "email". But few of their attempts to safeguard their linguistic shores against English invasion have been successful, and some of them have invited ridicule, as with this recent #hashtagdebacle. And reading virtually any French popular culture or fashion publication is enough to show that the prescriptivists are increasingly fighting a losing battle.
Japanese is a language from further afield that is a big borrower, not just from English but from other tongues too: sarariman – a salaried office/white collar worker – from "salary" + "man"; sekuhara, from "sex(ual) hara(ssment)"; abekku – or "romantic couple" – deriving from avec ("with") in French; or igirisu, meaning England, from "ingles" in Portuguese, one of the many Japanese words that evidence the countries' shared history.
It's no secret that the English language is prone to pinching words at will, now more than ever deserving of its reputation as the "bastard tongue". There is not enough space even to make a start in this blog, but suffice to say that our vocabulary reflects our rich and varied history in terms of trade, colonisation, cuisine, immigration and much more besides.
Any bastard favourites that you can think of from home or abroad? Let us know in the comments section or via Twitter or Facebook!
Posted in: CultureShocks
Tagged: #hashtagdebacle, Académie française, Anglicism, bastard tongue, Chancellor Angela Merkel, culture checks, Duden, english language, German language, marketing translation, pseudo anglicism, sarariman, sekuhara, Shitstorm, textappeal, transcreation, vocabulary
June 12th, 2013
We believe global advertising has the power not only to drive a brand's results, but also to do some good. That's why for the 5th consecutive year the Textappeal team is proud to support ACT Responsible at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity.
On Tuesday 18th at the Palais des Festivals in Cannes, ACT Responsible will launch its annual exhibition of the best creative work for sustainable causes. It's an amazing, inspiring and sometimes shocking experience! Come and visit Hall Riviera.
All the translations of creative work were provided by Textappeal pro bono, and we are delighted to be taking part in ACT's Pure Picnic event on Thursday 20th July. If you're around, contact us and we'll send you an invite!
* ACT Responsible is a Swiss-based not-for-profit organisation created in 2001. ACT stands for Advertising Community Together. Their mission is to federate the international advertising communications industry around social responsibility and sustainable development and share good practices. Contact ACT Responsible
Posted in: News
Tagged: cannes Lions
June 12th, 2013
We have previously discussed the importance of avoiding typecasting when launching campaigns in Saudi Arabia, but now we are turning our focus to another "emerging" (or should we say "re-emerging"?) consumer market – China. Recent reports suggest that the world's most populous country is now the world's largest luxury market, having leapfrogged the U.S. to account for 27 per cent of global spending on high-end products and services.
The two main segments driving this consumer boom can be divided into the aspirational, urban-based middle class, and a more traditional, established class that could be termed the "new nobility". We are going to focus on this second group. Who makes up China's "new nobility"? What are they like? What makes them tick? And what makes them different?
Traditionally members of the business and industrial elite, the "new nobility" represents ultra-high-net-worth individuals descended from the "founding fathers" of Communist China. They are therefore typically more accustomed to wealth and status than their nouveau-riche counterparts, and could be said to be concerned with conventional Chinese values and codes. One would therefore expect members of this elite to be more discreet and less ostentatious than other luxury consumers across the country. Basically, you won't catch them putting Coca Cola in their Château Lafite…
Part of this is emphasis on discretion is to some extent politically motivated. China's ruling classes have historically been accused of corruption, with high-end officials living the high life while much of the country remains poverty-stricken. But in an age of increasing media scrutiny and transparency, the most far-reaching anti-corruption campaign of recent times is under way. The inevitable consequence of this is that garish, excessive flaunting of wealth among this "new nobility" is neither fashionable nor advisable, "conspicuously embracing a more conspicuous lifestyle" as this blog puts it.
Another important feature is that there is an ever greater focus on "buying local". While Western luxury brands are undoubtedly extremely popular in China as Eurozone gloom persists, the "new nobility" are more intent on supporting home-grown talent. The recent appearance of China's elegant, understated first lady, Peng Liyuan, wearing an outfit by local designer Exception, and the subsequent press coverage, was a case in point.
Finally, another salient characteristic of this elite demographic is an increasing focus on brand loyalty. Evidence suggests that these luxury consumers, with their appreciation of heritage, durability and tastefulness, are more concerned with service and quality rather than with status. The use of good materials and subtle craftsmanship register higher in their priorities than other high-end shoppers and service users in the region.
Understanding the make-up of China's vast population of big spenders is a complex task, and one that is open to inaccurate profiling and prejudice. One thing that is for sure is that a "one-size-fits-all" approach to the market is not satisfactory.
Posted in: CultureShocks
May 17th, 2013
Consumer shape the marketing agenda, NOT brands. Global brands now follow where local consumer lead.
That's why real time local insight is more important than ever to fuel global thinking.
With Textappeal, what used to take weeks take days.
What used to cost thousands cost hundreds.
What used to be subjective and complex is objective and simple.
Meet us in 3.14 hotel just off La Croisette. Let's talk about your international marketing challenges.
Posted in: News
Tagged: Cannes Lions 2013
May 16th, 2013
Saudi Arabia is a huge market that represents rich opportunities for international brands. It is, however, a market whose culture and identity are sometimes misperceived by brands and media alike, which often stereotype. Take the example of the recent "Men Too Sexy for Saudi" news reports. Here are some common misconceptions. Read more
Posted in: CultureShocks
Tagged: cross-cultural consultancy services, cultural audit, Marketing in Middle East
April 11th, 2013
We have already talked about how lightly brands need to tread in a world where everyone is watching, where companies have unprecedented access not only to an enormous raft of potential consumers, but also to the ever-vigilant eyes of potential critics. "Trial by Twitter" is a process that has found many brands guilty, and unfortunate gaffes are never far from mind. Take Waitrose's social media misfire last autumn, where its "Reasons" campaign was hijacked and turned on its head by teasing tweeters. Rather than issuing an apology as such, they did feel they had to acknowledge the jocular nature of people's reactions. Other brands to have faced similar cyber-ribbing have reacted in various ways, either by adopting a similarly ribald tone, or by going on an unrepentant offensive, as this blog post discusses. And we can't forget the reaction to Nick Clegg's apology video, which went viral last year and totally undermined his attempt to clear the air with the British electorate.
People around the world apologise in different ways. In Japan, the act of apologising is considered a virtue (more on this later). It is no surprise, therefore, that their language and culture have such a diffuse number of ways to express the sentiment of sorriness. The same cannot always be said of the West, where people can often be found saving face by issuing 'apologies' that are entirely devoid of any sincerity or meaning. Or the classic British reflex-action apology, where "sorry" is used so unsparingly that it is roughly akin to "hmmm".
Whatever the 'right' approach, there can be little doubt that the apology is an important art when errors in communication are so easy and public. And things only get more complicated when that apology has to be made across cultures, where different conventions, traditions and politics, not to mention different languages, are at play. Last week, Apple found themselves issuing a public apology to their Chinese customers following criticism from state media outlets about the company's warranty terms. The apology received extensive news coverage across the country, to the bewilderment of many Chinese people, who found the authorities' glee at events somewhat baffling compared to the veritable silence over more significant matters of public interest. What was perhaps most interesting about Apple's apology was the way it was worded – "At the same time," they said, "we also realize that we have much to learn about operating in China, and how we communicate here." In this knowledge, a comprehensive global communication audit might have saved any embarrassment, taking advantage of local expertise and insight to achieve a "finger on the pulse" – essential for survival in the modern technology jungle.
As we've already mentioned, the cross-cultural apology is a complicated process due to the linguistic, political and cultural considerations that need to be taken on board. Indeed, an episode at the end of 2012 shows the extent of the complications in China, with the reporting of an "apology" made by the new Leader of the Communist Party, Xi Jinping. When arriving late for a speech, he made a comment which literally translates as "made everyone wait a long time". Does this mean "sorry"? According to the presiding English interpreter, it did. Later on, however, opinion was divided among observers, with some objecting to translations from various international media outlets that played up the "sorry" aspect, while others felt the literal translation – with its more unrepentant connotations – was appropriate.
An extreme example of how cultural conventions can differ came with the public apology offered by Japanese popstar Minami Minegishi following revelations that she had spent the night with her boyfriend. She appeared with a shaved head, begging the public for forgiveness in a traditional act of contrition.
There is no escaping the fact that, were the divas of Europe or the US to so flail themselves for such minor misdemeanours, the blogosphere would be utterly saturated. Yes, it might have been over the top and unnecessary, but it was also on some level based on cultural tradition.
These examples show the challenges faced by brands operating internationally, and the need for expert, sensitive cross-cultural communications strategies. Saying sorry is never easy. Saying sorry across a cultural divide is even harder…
Posted in: CultureShocks
Tagged: advertising adaptation, Apple China apology, apple china warranty apology, brand audit, cross-cultural communication, cross-cultural communications, cross-cultural communications strategies, cross-cultural consultancy services, cultural audit, marketing localisation, marketing localization, minami minegishi apology, Nick Clegg's apology video, transcreation, transcreation agency, transcreation services, waitrose apology


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restaurant And Services
We are proud of our Italian cuisine which is continuously adapted to the seasons and to new trends. Our emphasis is on Roman and Regional specialties.
On the 6th floor, you will find the largest open air Roof Garden Restaurant and Bar Lounge in Rome with spectacular views over the Pine trees of the Villa Borghese Park. There you can also enjoy our collection of rare and beautiful plants such as: Yuccas, Gardenias, Ilex Oak, Jasmine, Camellias, Persimmon, Palms, Roses, Strelitzias and many more.
Start the day with our American buffet breakfast with warm and cold beverages. Breakfast is included in your room rate and, with a small surcharge, it can also be enjoyed in your room. Just call Room service.
Service hours 6:30 (am) – 10:30 (am)
Vic's Lobby Bar
Vic's Lobby Bar in Rome is one of the few bars from the 1950's era in Italy At the Vic's Lobby Bar in our boutique hotel in Rome, we serve all national and international drinks and cocktails, from the afternoon until late in the evening. We also serve light meals and sandwiches.
Opening hours 15:00 (3pm) – Midnight
Belisario Restaurant
We are proud of our Italian cuisine which is continuously adapted to the seasons and to new trends. Our emphasis is on Roman and Regional specialties.
Our wine list specializes in Italian wines, it is constantly updated and includes an excellent selection of "best buys".
Opening hours 12:00 – 15:00 (3 pm) and 19:00 – 22:30 (10.30 pm)
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Our bar on the Roof Garden boasts the most comfortable of lounge furniture surrounded by our rare plants and flowers. Indulge in a summer drink or favourite cocktail. Our wine list may also lure you to one of the regional white wines of Rome and surroundings.
After dinner return to the Bar to enjoy the mild summer nights and allow our Bartender to spoil you with one of the many Italian after dinner digestives.
Opening hours 11:00 until the last guest goes to bed……
Roof Garden Restaurant "Sopra i Pini"
During the warmer months (roughly May to September) the Roof Garden takes over from the Belisario Restaurant and Bar on the Lobby floor.
At lunch we serve a wide variety of fresh salads and light summer dishes.
For dinner you can choose from our Antipasti buffet followed by one of our open GRILL SPECIALITIES where our chefs will prepare succulent meats and fish from the fresh catch of the day. For our Roof garden we also offer a special page of Rosé wines from different regions of Italy – a true summer joy
Opening hours 12:00 – 15:00 (3 pm) and 19:00 – 22:30 (10.30 pm)


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Leather lace-up sneaker | Contrast baseball stitch at front and heel seams | Brass grommets | Rubber sole | Keds x Opening Ceremony label on tongue | Contrast heel tab with Opening Ceremony logo.
OC and Keds teamed up to hit a home run with these baseball stitch sneakers. We switched up the much-loved Keds design with leather uppers and contrast baseball seams for an FNO special. Step up to the plate in authentic baseball white, swish black, or go all out in block primary colors.
NOTE: sizing is listed in mens, women should go down 2 full sizes.


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This is the second incarnation of messymedia,
created to showcase all of my freelance
personal creative work.
Please take some time out of your day to look
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why not drop me a line?


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Cocos Island Campaign Calling for Expanded No-Fishing Zone Between Cocos and Galapagos Islands
Photo by George Duffield
Cocos Island is about halfway between the coast of Costa Rica and the famed Galapagos Islands of Ecuador along a key swimway for sea turtles and home to a vast profusion of marine life.
This area is known worldwide as an ocean haven for spectacular sharks, rare sea turtles, whales and abundant marine wildlife. Divers travel for days for the privilege of exploring the waters of Cocos Island National Park, more than a day by boat off Costa Rica's Pacific coast.
But even World Heritage status has not stopped commercial fishers from invading these treasured waters to set illegal hooks and lines in ruthless pursuit of swordfish, tuna and big fish that are quickly disappearing from the open ocean. Only recently have Cocos Island park rangers begun to patrol and protect the park's marine boundary.
With your help, we will stop the destructive longline fishers. More than 1,000 prominent scientists around the globe have already joined our call to stop longline fishing in the Pacific. Now, we will focus their attention to demand that Costa Rica create a real no-fishing zone in the Cocos Island swimway region.
STRP is demanding that Costa Rica protect Cocos Island National Park from outlaw fishers and to expand the boundaries of the no-fishing zone around the Park. In 2011, Costa Rica took a step in the right direction by creating the Seamounts Marine Management Area. But the rules that control fishing in this new management area are not yet written, and the fishing industry is doing all they can to keep the status quowhich results in tens of thousands of endangered turtles and sharks being hooked and killed every year. The Seamounts Marine Management Area must be kept completely off limits to industrial fishing.
With your support, we will take our vision of protections for the Cocos Island region even further, calling for Costa Rica to create a protected area that reaches all the way to Ecuadors waters, north of the Galapagos Islands. These two nations could create one of the worlds largest protected ocean zones, and save the endangered leatherback turtle from extinction!
Please help by donating now to expand protections for sea turtles and all endangered marine wildlife in the Cocos Island region.


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Hurley Dimension Rashguard T-Shirt H70102This product was discontinued June, 2012 and is no longer available. Please consider one of the Customer-Recommended Replacements above, or try a new search.
This brightly accented t-shirt lives up to its name with styling that prevents friction and chafing, as with the flat-lock seaming. Brilliant optical pattern at side insets matches the Hurley Dimension swimwear collection. Made of polyester/spandex knit.
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Serving Size: 2 Capsules | ||
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Amount Per Serving | %DV | |
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+ Daily Value not established |
For any pre or post-purchase assistance, do not hesitate to call VitaDigest.com Friendly Customer Care at 1-877-848-2168!
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Just curious.
Just curious.
"Skating fans are not a patient bunch." Dragonlady
wiseguy eh
Gender = Female
Species = human
Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none. William Shakespeare
I always find it interesting when someone posts about asking if posters are guy/girl, because I always come across posters who I always thought were girls and turn out to be guys (or vice versa!).
Michelle Kwan
Buzz is female? I'm surprised ...
Is this a trick question? Men don't like figure skating!
I am woman, hear me ROARRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR!
(slight shout out to a new V/M topic)
Crazy about sports!
After a serious scolding, Peter is officially male. Now stop making that face...you're scaring me!!
Male, if anyone had any doubts on this matter
Can I vote twice?


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Search results for : | brimstone scoopvision |
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brimstone or royal blue?
Well i finally decided to get rid of my Atv and buy a rzr-s. Going next week to get it. I am starting to plan a trip for the end of march. I am trying to decide between brimstone and royal blue. I have not been to either and would like to see which
Justin Moore performing live at the Brimstone Side by Side Roundup/KOTM event
JUSTIN MOORE will be performing "Bait a Hook", "If Heaven Wasn't So Far Away", and "Small Town USA" live in Huntsville, TN for the Brimstone SXS/ATV Roundup! Spred the word if your glad to see JUSTIN MOORE coming to HUNTSVILLE, TN in September on Labor Da
Brimstone Ride>>>>
Back in July we spent a week at Brimstone and had an excellent time. Before we left were already thinking about the next trip there. When we were there I had the whole family so my red trail riding got limited. I would like to get a group togther to d
*** Brimstone Trail warning ***
Subject: Brimestone Trail # 87 Dangerous you will die!!!!! Sun Apr 04, 2010 6:22 pm For those going on the april ride, i found this on another site and felt obliged to pass it on to my friends. I have other plans this weekend and do not have time t


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One More Book That Takes Place After Breaking Dawn
I jsut finished Breaking Dawn on August 4th at 2:44 p.m. and I realized that I'm ready for the series to be over and that I'd like just one more book that picks up after Breaking Dawn in Bella's point of view. If you agree with me, please, PLEASE, sign this petition and pass it on to your friends and other people if you have a myspace, xanga, facebook, etc.
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Quality CareFind out why Mayo Clinic is the right place for your health care. Make an appointment.
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7 reviewsSergio Tacchini Neve Girls Trainers with Triple Velcro Fastening
These stylish girls Sergio Tacchini trainers have a comfortable, trendy design that's great for everyday footwear!
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4 reviewsColour: Black/Pink. Upper: Textile. Lining and sock: Textile. Sole: Other materials. -
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Search for native plants by scientific name, common name or family. If you are not sure what you are looking for, try the Combination Search or our Recommended Species lists.
This perennials erect, multiple stems, rising 2-3 ft., are topped by a greenish-white flower with a slightly elongated center resembling a short thimble. After frost, the thimble matures to a cottony tuft. Leaves are deeply cut and clustered in a whorl halfway up the stem.
The distinctive, thimble-shaped group of pistils accounts for the common name. Long-headed Thimbleweed (A. cylindrica) has narrower leaf segments and fruit in a long, cylindrical cone 1 1/2 (4 cm) long; it is found from Alberta east to Quebec and south to New Jersey and Kansas.
Find seed sources for this species at the Native Seed Network.
Region: | AGCP | AK | AW | CB | EMP | GP | HI | MW | NCNE | WMVE |
Status: | FACU | FACU | FACU | FACU | FACU | FACU |


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3 out of 3 people recommended this car.
by PMN0522 from PA | April 21, 2009
I bought my M30 convertible off of my aunt in 2008. She bought it new in 1991 and took really good car of it, only putting about 50,000 miles on it in the 15 years she had it. I got the car and it looks like new. The paint and leather look great for how old the car is and mechanically is runs as good as a new car. This is a very rare and unique car that I would recomend to anyone.
Purchased a new car
Uses car for Just getting around
Does recommend this car
by cabanel319 from Deltona, FL | December 10, 2008
I bought the '91 Infiniti M30 Convertible almost 3 yrs ago (I have the same black model in the picture). It has been a very reliable car. It handles very well and gets pretty good gas mileage. Since I bought the Infiniti I have expanded my family and needed to buy a bigger vehicle. However, even though I don't drive the Infiniti anymore, I just can't seem to force myself to sell it. It has been a great car for the price I paid and it is valuble to me.
Purchased a new car
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Does recommend this car
by hamilton from sarasota fl | February 24, 2008
Bought this 91 M30 convertible with 75K and have only replaced antenna mast and done regular service. Now it's a rare car with a retro look, fun to drive, still safe by today's standards, and nearly care-free. Here in 2008, the car has 95K and still going strong, even on a 600 mile trip.
Purchased a new car
Uses car for N/A
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Check PaymentWhat is the most I can afford?
Check PriceCompare finance offers to decide what's right for you.


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Remembering Those Who Have Served
November 11, 2010 by Carolyn Simon
This Veteran's Day all of us here at the Human Rights Campaign would like to thank veterans for all that they have done, and continue to do for our nation. During this day of remembrance, let us also take a moment to honor those warriors who are no longer with us. They gave the ultimate sacrifice for our country, and we owe them each an enormous debt of gratitude.
Continue Reading ►HRC in Indiana to Push Senator Lugar on Repeal
November 11, 2010 by Adrian Matanza
New York Marriage Equality Update
November 10, 2010 by Carolyn Simon
"HRC provided my campaign with top notch organizers. Along with their financial support, HRC played a key part in my campaign and I'm grateful for their support."
Continue Reading ►HRC Field Team Hits the Ground in Alaska for DADT Repeal
November 10, 2010 by Tony Wagner
Long known as the last frontier due to its vast expanse of wilderness, Alaska may now become the new frontier in our efforts to repeal the discriminatory "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" law. Senator Lisa Murkowski has the opportunity to prove once again that she represents all Alaskans.
Continue Reading ►New Study Offers Remarkable Statistic on Teens Raised by Lesbian Mothers
November 10, 2010 by Ellen Kahn
The following comes from the Director of HRC's Family Project, Ellen Kahn: A Nice, Round Number Says A Lot. Amid the ongoing public debate about whether LGBT parents are "good enough," and assertions from our conservative opponents that children raised by lesbian and gay parents are "at risk," another powerful study published today that should put a pall on this conversation.
Continue Reading ►Top Posts
NCAA Division II Basketball Player Comes Out
October 8, 2013
The Story Behind the Home Depot Wedding Proposal
September 27, 2013
Five Pasta Brands That Support LGBT Equality
September 26, 2013
Grandfather Takes Daughter to Task Over Disowning Her Gay Son
October 2, 2013


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Baghdad Railway
Chemin de Fer Impérial Ottoman de Baghdad | |
CIOB in red (CFOA route to Constantinople in blue)
Baghdad railway circa 1900-1910
Reporting mark | CIOB |
Locale | Southeastern Turkey, |
Dates of operation | 1904–1921 |
Successor | TCDD, CNS |
Track gauge | 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge) |
Headquarters | Adana |
The Baghdad Railway (Turkish: Bağdat Demiryolu, German: Bagdadbahn, French: Chemin de Fer Impérial Ottoman de Baghdad), was built from 1903 to 1940 to connect Berlin with the (then) Ottoman Empire city of Baghdad, where the Germans wanted to establish a port in the Persian Gulf,[1] with a 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi) line through modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq.
Completion of the project took several decades and by the outbreak of World War I, the railway was still 960 km (600 miles) away from its intended objective. The last stretch to Baghdad was built in the late 1930s and the first train to travel from Istanbul to Baghdad departed in 1940.
Funding and engineering was mainly provided by German Empire banks and companies, which in the 1890s had built the Anatolian Railway (Anatolische Eisenbahn) connecting Constantinople, Ankara and Konya. The Ottoman Empire wished to maintain its control of Arabia and to expand its influence across the Red Sea into the nominally Ottoman (until 1914) Khedivate of Egypt, which had been under British military control since the Urabi Revolt in 1882. The Germans gained access to and ownership of oil fields in Iraq, and with a line to the port of Basra would have gained better access to the eastern parts of the German colonial empire, by avoiding the Suez Canal.
The railway became a source of international disputes during the years immediately preceding World War I. Although it has been argued that they were resolved in 1914 before the war began, it has also been argued that the railway was a leading cause of the First World War.[2] Technical difficulties in the remote Taurus Mountains and diplomatic delays meant that by 1915 the railway was still 480 kilometres (300 mi) short of completion, severely limiting its use during the war in which Baghdad was occupied by the British while the Hejaz railway in the south was attacked by guerrilla forces led by T. E. Lawrence. Construction resumed in the 1930s and was completed in 1940.
A history of this railway in the context of World War I history has lately emerged to describe the German interests in countering the British Empire, and Turkey's interest in countering their Russian rivals.[3] As stated by a contemporary 'on the ground' at the time, Morris Jastrow wrote[4] "It was felt in England that if, as Napoleon is said to have remarked, Antwerp in the hands of a great continental power was a pistol leveled at the English coast, Baghdad and the Persian Gulf in the hands of Germany (or any other strong power) would be a 42-centimetre gun pointed at India."
If it had been completed earlier, the Berlin-Baghdad (and ultimately Basra) railway would have enabled transport and trade from Germany through a port on the Persian Gulf, from which trade goods and supplies could be exchanged directly with the farthest of the German colonies, and the world. The journey home to Germany would have given German industry direct supply of oil. This access to resources, with trade less affected by British control of shipping, would have been beneficial to German economic interests in industry and trade,[5] and threatening to British economic dominance in colonial trade.
The railway also threatened Russia, since it was accepted as axiomatic that political influence followed economic, and the railway was expected to extend Germany's economic influence towards the Caucasian frontier and into north Persia where Russia had a dominant share of the market.[6]
By the late 19th century the Ottoman Empire was weak, and cheap imports from industrialised Europe and the effects of a disastrous war had resulted in the country's finances being controlled by the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, composed of and answerable to the Great Powers.[7] The Europeans saw great potential to exploit the resources of the weakening empire, irrigation could transform agriculture, there were chrome, antimony lead and zinc mines and some coal. Not least there was potentially vast amounts of oil.
As early as 1871 a commission of experts studied the geology of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and reported plentiful oil of good quality, but commented that poor transportation made it doubtful these fields could compete with Russian and American ones. During 1901 a German report announced the region had a veritable "lake of petroleum" of almost inexhaustible supply.[8]
In 1872 German railway engineer Wilhelm von Pressel was retained by the Ottoman government to develop plans for railways in Turkey. However, private enterprise would not build the railway without subsidies, so the Ottoman Government had to reserve part of its revenues to subsidise its construction, thus increasing its debt to the European powers.[9]
The process of construction of a rail line from Constantinople to Baghdad begun during 1888 when Alfred von Kaulla, manager of Württembergische Vereinsbank, and Georg von Siemens, Managing director of Deutsche Bank, created a syndicate and obtained a concession from Turkish leaders to extend the Haydarpaşa - İzmit Railway to Ankara. Thus came into existence the Anatolian Railway Company (SCFOA, or ARC).[10]
After the line to Ankara was completed during December 1892, railway workshops were built in Eskişehir and permission was obtained to construct a railway line from Eskişehir to Konya, and that line was completed in July 1896.[11] The two lines were the first two sections of the Baghdad Railway. Another railway built at the same time by German engineers was the Hejaz railway, commissioned by Sultan Hamid II.
The Ottoman Empire chose to place the line outside the range of the British Navy guns. Therefore, the coastal way from Alexandretta to Aleppo was avoided. The line had to cross the Amanus mountains inland at the cost of expensive engineering including an 8 km tunnel between Ayran and Fevzipaşa.[12]
The Baghdad Concession[edit]
During 1898 and 1899 the Ottoman Ministry of Public Works received many applications for permission to construct a railway to Baghdad, it was not because of lack of competition that the Deutsche Bank was finally awarded the concession. A Russian plan was rejected for fear of it extending Russian influence in Constantinople. A well-financed British plan collapsed due to the outbreak of the Boer War. A well-financed French proposal titled the Imperial Ottoman Railway[13] enabled them to become financiers of the winning Deutsche Bank plan.[14]
Other nations of Europe paid little attention to the building of the railway lines until 1903 when the Ottoman Government gave permission to an Ottoman corporation to build the railway line from Konia to Baghdad. This Baghdad Railway Company was controlled by a few German banks. McMurray rejects the theory that the railway tied Turkey to Germany.
There was concern in Russia, France, and Britain after 1903 as the implications of the German scheme to construct a great Berlin-Baghdad railway became apparent. A railway that would link Berlin to the Persian Gulf would provide Germany with a connection to its southernmost colonies in Africa, i.e. with German East Africa (present-day Rwanda and Burundi and the mainland part of Tanzania) and German South-West Africa (present-day Namibia, less Walvis Bay). The railway might eventually have strengthened the Ottoman Empire and its ties to Germany and might have shifted the balance of power in the region.
Despite obstructions at the diplomatic level, work slowly began on the railway. Both geographical and political obstacles prevented the completion of the Baghdad Railway before World War I commenced in 1914. Much of the construction work was undertaken by Philipp Holzmann.[15]
The railway passed through the following towns and places, north to south:
- Konya
- Anatolian table lands
- Karaman
- Ereğli
- The foothills of Taurus
- Gülek Pass
- Çukurova plain
- Yenice
- Adana
- Amanus range
- Aleppo
- Nusaybin
- Mosul
- Baghdad
- Basra
The Mersin–Yenice–Adana line existed prior to the construction of the Bagdad railway and was used for the latter in its Yenice–Adana section.[16]
British view of the railway[edit]
The initial reaction of Britain was one of strong support. A long article outlining the positive benefits of the enterprise appeared in the Times newspaper. It was argued that Germany was a major trading partner of Britain, and that though the competition for trade would affect Britain the fact that it was a good trading partner that was winning the trade instead would make up for the loss.[citation needed]
The railway would obviously compete with British trade in Mesopotamia, but this would not happen for many years. However in 1906 the Hamburg-American Steamship Line announced its intention to run regular steamships between Europe and the Persian Gulf. After a futile price war the British lines, which had lost their monopoly, came to agreement in 1913 with their competitors, ending a rivalry which had caused considerable political concern.[17]
In 1911 the railway company looked to build a branch line to Alexandretta from Aleppo to pick up on the valuable trade of Northern Syria and the Northern Mesopotamian valley. However the Young Turk government could not offer further railway concessions without raising customs duties from 11 to 14 percent. Such a raise required the agreement of all the powers, but was vetoed by Britain after Sir Edward Grey spoke in the House of Commons—"... if the money is to be used to promote railways which may be a source of doubtful advantage to British trade ... I say it will be impossible for us to agree to that increase ...".[18]
The British realised that the railways would be slightly too close to their oilfields in Persia. The British were worried that the Young Turks could block off oil supplies vital for the navy.
The main British commercial interest that the British government insisted was protected, was that of the Right Honorable James Lyle Mackay, Baron Inchcape of Strathnaver. As well as being the foremost shipping magnate of the British Empire, Lord Inchcape was a director of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and of the D'Arcy Exploration Company. On February 23 a contract was signed in London between Lord Inchcape and the Baghdad Railway Company.[19] In March 1914 the German government was obliged to recognize southern Mesopotamia, as well as central and southern Persia, as the exclusive field of operations of the Anglo-Persian Company.[20]
Role in origins of World War I[edit]
Discussion of the railway's role as a contributing factor to the outbreak of war is complicated by two issues:
Firstly, historians and political analysts who wrote about this issue directly after the war were not in possession of closed diplomatic records. Full diplomatic documents of the German government were released between 1922 and 1927, British documents between 1926 and 1938. Only some Russian documents were released, and Italian documents only came out after the Second World War.[21]
Secondly, war historians tend to give an interpretation of the facts that is clouded by their own partisanship, political orientation, language, and contemporary perspectives. Socialist historians emphasised imperial rivalries and economic monopolies as the driving force for the war, as was popularly reported with respect to the railway at the time[22] and especially as revealed in the Russian diplomatic documents. Regardless of diplomacy, financing and agreements, and later points of view, the existence of the railway would have created a threat to British dominance over German trade, as it would have given German industry access to oil, and a port in the Persian Gulf. The importance of oil as opposed to coal as fuel was recognised, as it could greatly improve the performance and capacity of the rival navies. The presence of the British there, and the creating of Kuwait to block non-British access to the Persian Gulf speaks to the strategic importance.
Other historians have argued that intractable nationality issues in the denial of self-determination to minority groups were among the dominant causes of World War I.[23] They argue that although the railway issue was heated before 1914 (Corrigan shows that the railway issue was driving Germany and Turkey further apart) conservative historians agree that it was not a cause of World War I,[24] because the main controversies (over financing) had been resolved before the war started.
"Some of the optimism should be attributed to the willingness of the German government to compose long-standing differences... and in June 1914 a settlement was achieved over the Baghdad railway." (Evans)[25]
"Many economic and colonial issues which had been causing friction between French, German and British governments before 1914, such as the financing of the Berlin-Baghdad railway and the future disposition of the Portuguese colonies, had been resolved by the summer of 1914." (Henig)[24]
However, war began on August 1, 1914 — and one day later the secret treaty establishing the Ottoman-German Alliance was signed, perhaps giving credence to the notion that the issue had not been fully resolved. In fact, restriction of German access to Mesopotamia and its oil, and strategic exclusion from rail access to the Persian Gulf was enforced by British military presence during World War I, and afterwards by removal of the would-be Baghdad Railway from German ownership. Thus the potential consequences to Anglo-German economic rivalry in oil and trade by the existence of the railway, rather than the financing of it is seen by some as the deeper issue.[26]
During the War[edit]
By 1915, the railway ended some 80 kilometres (50 miles) east of Diyarbakır. Another spur, heading east from Aleppo, ended at Nusaybin. Additionally some rail was laid starting in Baghdad reaching north to Tikrit and south to Kut. This left a gap of some 480 kilometres (300 miles) between the railway lines. Additionally, there were three mountains which the railway was going to go through, but the tunnels through these three mountains were not complete. So the railway was, in fact, broken into four different sections at the start of the war. The total time to get from Constantinople to Baghdad during the war was 22 days.[27] The total distance was 2020 kilometres (1,255 miles)
The breaks in the railway meant that the Ottoman government had significant difficulties in sending supplies and reinforcements to the Mesopotamian Front. The fighting in Mesopotamia remained somewhat isolated from the rest of the war. During the conflict, Turkish and German workers laboured to complete the railway for military purposes but with limited manpower and so many more important things to spend money on, only two of the gaps were closed.
After the war[edit]
In 1919, the Treaty of Versailles cancelled all German rights to the Baghdad Railway. However, the Deutsche Bank transferred its holdings to a Swiss bank.
People in Turkey, Italy, France, and Britain created various arrangements that gave a certain degree of control over the Baghdad Railway to various indistinct interests in those nations. Investors, speculators, and financiers were involved by 1923 in secretive and clandestine ways.
The British Army had completed the southeastern section from Baghdad to Basra, so that part was under British control. The French held negotiations to obtain some degree of control over the central portion of the railway, and Turkish interests controlled the oldest sections that had been constructed inside of Turkey, but talks continued to be held after 1923. The United States involvement in the Near East began in 1923 when Turkey approved the Chester concession, which aroused disapprovals from France and the United Kingdom.
In 1930, a passenger service by road was introduced to bridge the missing section of line between Nusaybin and Kirkuk. At different times the service used Rolls-Royce cars and Thornycroft buses.
In 1932, the Kingdom of Iraq became independent from the UK. In 1936, Iraq bought all railways in its territory from the UK and started building the missing section of line from Tel Kotchek to Baiji.[28] On July 15, 1940, the railway had been completed and two days later the Taurus Express made its first complete journey between Istanbul and Baghdad. In that year, the Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns locomotive works in Britain built a class of streamlined Pacific steam locomotives to haul the Taurus Express between Baghdad and Tel Kotchek. These were delivered to Iraqi State Railways in 1941 and entered service as the PC class.[29]
A new standard gauge railway opened between Baghdad and Basra for freight traffic in 1964 and for freight in 1968.[30] This replaced a metre gauge line built in 1920 and for the first time connected the Bosporus with the Persian Gulf without a break of gauge. Due to the strained relations between Turkey, Syria and Iraq however, continuous traffic remained rare, and other means of transport soon reduced its strategic and economic relevance.
Current situation[edit]
Most of the line is in a usable condition. Robinson's World Rail Atlas shows it as intact.[31]
Most of the stations are still original.
The part between Toprakkale and Narlı in Turkey has been electrified for heavy ore transport.
The right-of-way of the railway marks the border between Syria and Turkey for over 350 km,[32] from Çobanbey station in the West to Nusaybin in the east, with the rail line on the Turkish side squeezed between the minefields and control strip in Turkey and Syria.
On February 16, 2010, the link between Mosul in Iraq and Gaziantep in Turkey was reopened. The first train went from Mosul to Gaziantep, lasting 18 hours. On February 18, a return journey departed from Gaziantep to Mosul.[33][34] This line has now closed once again.[35]
- Mehmet Besirli: Die europäische Finanzkontrolle im Osmanischen Reich der Zeit von 1908 bis 1914. Die Rivalitäten der britischen, französischen und deutschen Hochfinanz und der Diplomatie vor dem ersten Weltkrieg am Beispiel der türkischen Staatsanleihen und der Bagdadbahn. Berlin 1999.
- Benno Bickel: Mit Agatha Christie durch die Schluchten des Taurus. Die Bagdadbahn im Spiegel der Literatur und des Reiseberichts, in Jürgen Franzke (Hrsg.): Bagdadbahn und Hedjazbahn. Deutsche Eisenbahngeschichte im Vorderen Orient. Nürnberg 2003, pages 120-124. ISBN 3-921590-05-1
- Benno Bickel: Zeittafel Bagdadbahn, in: Jürgen Franzke (Hrsg.): Bagdadbahn und Hedjazbahn. Deutsche Eisenbahngeschichte im Vorderen Orient. Nürnberg 2003, pages 160-162. ISBN 3-921590-05-1
- H. S. W. Corrigan, "German-Turkish Relations and the Outbreak of War in 1914: A Re-Assessment". Past and Present, No. 36 (April, 1967), pp. 144–152.
- Jgnaz Civelli: Deutsche Schienen in osmanischem Boden. Eine virtuelle Reise mit der Anatolischen und Bagdadbahn durch Geschichte, Wahrnehmungen, Raum und Zeit. Fachbuch, 266 Seiten. Zofingen / Zug 2010. ISBN 978-3-640-59495-5.
- R. J. W. Evans (British) and Hartmut Pogge Von Strandman (German), The Coming of the First World War - Oxford UP 1990
- E. M. Earle Turkey, The Great Powers, and the Bagdad Railway. Russel and Russel (1923; reprint: 1966).
- Lothar Groß Made in Germany: Deutschlands Wirtschaftsgeschichte von der Industralisierung bis heute Band 1: 1800 - 1945, Books on demand, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8482-1042-8
- Peter Heigl, Schotter für die Wüste. Die Bagdadbahn und ihre deutschen Bauingenieure, Nürnberg 2004. ISBN 3-00-014268-1
- Hugh Hughes, Middle East Railways Harrow, The Continental Railway Circle, 1981. ISBN 0-9503469-7-7
- Morris Jastrow, Jr., The War and the Bagdad Railway. 1917. ISBN 1-4021-6786-5 (electronic copy)
- William Engdahl, A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order. ISBN 0-7453-2310-3
- Ruth Henig, The Origins of the First World War. Routledge. 1989, 2nd edition: 2002.
- Shereen Khairallah, Railways in the Middle East 1856-1948 (Political and Economic Background) . Beirut, Librarie du Liban, 1991. ISBN 1-85341-121-3
- Jürgen Lodemann: Mit der Bagdadbahn durch unbekannte Türkei. Tagebuch einer preiswerten Reise, Eggingen 1990. ISBN 3-925016-62-7
- Johann Manzenreiter, Die Bagdadbahn als Beispiel für die Entstehung des Finanzimperialismus in Europa (1872 - 1903) = Bochumer historische Studien, Neuere Geschichte, 2, Bochum 1982.
- Sean McMeekin, "The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany's Bid for World Power", Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 2010.
- Helmut Mejcher, Die Bagdadbahn als Instrument deutschen wirtschaftlichen Einflusses im Osmanischen Reich, in: Geschichte und Gesellschaft 1 (1975), pages 447-481.
- Johannes Müller, Syrien und die Hedschasbahn = Dampf und Reise / Überseeische Eisenbahnen. 1/1989.
- Erika Preissig und Günther Klebes, Eisenbahnbau und Eisenbahnprojekte im Orient und die damit verfolgten wirtschaftlichen und politischen Ziele, in: Jahrbuch für Eisenbahngeschichte 21 (1989), pages 43 – 102.
- Manfred Pohl, Von Stambul nach Bagdad. Die Geschichte einer berühmten Eisenbahn, München 1999. ISBN 3-492-04113-2
- Manfred Pohl und Jürgen Lodemann, Die Bagdadbahn. Geschichte und Gegenwart einer berühmten Eisenbahnlinie, Mainz 1988. ISBN 3-7758-1189-3
- Gregor Schöllgen, Imperialismus und Gleichgewicht. Deutschland, England und die orientalische Frage 1871-1914, München 1984.
- John B. Wolf. The Diplomatic History of the Bagdad Railroad. 1973.
- Jonathan S. McMurray. "Distant Ties: Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and the Construction of the Baghdad Railway", Westport, CT 2001. ISBN 0-275-97063-9.
- ^ McMurray (2001) page 2
- ^ (Jastrow 1917)
- ^ Sean McMeekin, 'The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany's bid for world power. 2010, ISBN 978-0-674-05739-5
- ^ page 97, Jastrow http://www.archive.org/details/warandthebagdadr001985mbp
- ^ William Engdahl, A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order ISBN 0-7453-2310-3
- ^ Evans (1990) Page 83.
- ^ Earle (1923) page 10
- ^ Earle (1923) page 14
- ^ Earle (1923) page 19
- ^ Earle (1923) page 31
- ^ McMurray (2001) page 29
- ^ "Chemin de Fer Impérial Ottoman de Baghdad". Trains of Turkey. Archived from the original on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
- ^ McMurray (2001) page 30
- ^ Earle (1923) page 58
- ^ Groß, p. 50
- ^ Preissig - 1989
- ^ Earle (1923) page 109
- ^ Earle (1923) page 111
- ^ Earle page 259
- ^ Earle page 261
- ^ Henig (1989) page 34
- ^ Morris Jastrow, Jr., The War and the Bagdad Railway. 1917. ISBN 1-4021-6786-5
- ^ Henig (1989) page 39
- ^ a b Henig (2002) Page 39.
- ^ Evans (1990) Page 166.
- ^ William Engdahl, A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order. ISBN 0-7453-2310-3
- ^ Esposito, Vincent (ed.) (1959). The West Point Atlas of American Wars - Vol. 2; map 53. Frederick Praeger Press
- ^ Bickel: Zeittafel
- ^ Hughes, 1981, pp. 90, 98
- ^ Hughes, 1981, p. 90
- ^ Neil Robinson World Rail Atlas and Historical Summary: Vol. 8 The Middle East and Caucasus Publisher: «World Rail Atlas» 2006 ISBN 954-12-0128-8
- ^ Kani Xulam (9.8.2013). "Al-Qaeda: A Force for "Good"". Rudaw.
- ^ Today's Zaman: Train link between Turkey and Iraq to open soon
- ^ BBC News: Iraq-Turkey railway link re-opens
- ^ The Man in Seat 61...: A beginner's guide toTrain travel in Turkey . . . : Other international services... at http://www.seat61.com
External links[edit]
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Crowne Plaza Costa Mesa Orange County is quite a large hotel in Costa Mesa. Book a stay in one of the 3-star rooms offered here. Flights in and out are best done via John Wayne Airport.
Besides an impressive selection of bedrooms, Crowne Plaza Costa Mesa Orange County also has common areas such as a restaurant, a bar/lounge and a terrace. You can find a spa tub amongst other wellness facilities here. You can enjoy an outdoor swimming pool on-site. A vast array of services, including a dry cleaning/laundry service, a concierge service and a wedding service, is provided here. The hotel offers business facilities such as a conference space and a business center, as well as an audio-visual equipment set. Choose one of the 228 rooms. The hotel offers guests a free airport shuttle bus and a free area shuttle bus in addition to a free shopping center shuttle bus.
In the rooms of Crowne Plaza Costa Mesa Orange County the temperature can be controlled via air conditioning. Many services are part of the rooms here, such as a wake-up service and a daily housekeeping service. The provision of wireless high-speed Internet access (complimentary) in your room helps you to maintain your online presence. Comfort is ensured thanks to the inclusion of a hypo-allergenic bedding set (upon request), a Premium bedding set and a pillow menu. This hotel's rooms are fitted with a designer toiletries set and a handheld showerhead in addition to a rainfall showerhead.
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Internet: | Wireless high-speed Internet access (complimentary), Free wired Internet |
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Protechtor Cases Protechtor Classic Bass Drum Case
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I've never ordered a piece of furniture sight unsen before but after ordering this bed I ordered the matching media chest. The woodwork and finished details are fantastic. The underbed drawers are well made and slide smoothly. If I needed another bedroom set i'd fnd another Hawthorne. The only hassle is understanding the assembly directions... they're obviously translated from another language but also just as obvious if you look at the diagrams instead of reading the word. LOVE this bed!
This seems to be a very solid, heavy bed but I have it for only 2 months; so time will tell. My only real complaint is that the instructions for putting it together were poor and it took some time to figure out which way the side rails should be placed, in the headboard or foot board. Thereafter, it went together pretty smoothly. Would encourage having 2 people to put together due to the heaviness of the boards.
This bed is very nice. Substantial in the room, but not overly huge. The color is not what is represented in the photo, as other reviewers have stated. It is a very dark color. The bed was fairly easy to put together, but we did have three people doing it. The drawers provide ample storage. It does not require a box spring.
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Black Grace
- Ordway Center for the Performing Arts
345 Washington Street, St Paul, MN 55102 | Get Directions - Phone: 651-224-4222
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Year-RoundBlack Grace takes the stage with an explosive program that mixes athleticism, rhythm, physical strength and energy. This leading contemporary dance company from New Zealand fuses Pacific traditional cultures with contemporary dance in an extraordinary and dynamic form. Founding Artistic Director Neil Ieremia not only weaves two styles of dance together while he choreographs but also uses three key Samoan principles to guide his Company; Fa'amaoni: integrity, honesty and pride; Fa'amalosi/Loto Tele: perseverance and determination; Fa'aloalo: humility and respect.
Boasting some of New Zealand's finest contemporary dancers of Pacific Island and Maori heritage, Black Grace has become internationally renowned as the world's finest example of Pacific contemporary dance.


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Something about the party in the video seems off. It looks like a village celebration. At a long table under a tree in a courtyard, people sit doing party things: eating, smoking, drinking. A toothless and grim elderly man wears a pointed hat and drags on a cigarette with a single-mindedness of purpose. A middle-aged man stares sadly at the camera, the elastic band of his hat overhung by his fleshy chin. A man with hollow eyes and a trim moustache glances back and forth nervously, seemingly on the cusp of an outburst. Another guest eats with powerful focus while his neighbor blows smoke in his face. Nobody seems to have any utensils save large metal spoons; the tumblers and trays are metal as well. Suddenly you realize all the dinner guests are men -- 13 of them, to be exact -- lined up along one side of the draped table in Last Supper fashion. A plaintive song rings out, sung by a woman in a worn housedress -- her eyes closed, her teeth silver. Her voice is deep and resonant, but as she sings, her arm twitches and her body convulses. As the video loops back to the beginning, you see signs that read, "Sanitorio Nirgua."
Javier Téllez's video, Last Supper (2001), is on view at Sicardi Gallery as a part of "Thinking Local," an ArtHouston show curated by Gabriela Rangel, assistant curator of Latin American Art at the Museum of Fine Arts. Téllez has created numerous works with psychiatric elements. His father was a psychiatrist and the director of Barbula Psychiatric Hospital in Valencia, Venezuela, where Téllez became involved in educational programs. For Last Supper he "invited the inmates of Barbula to celebrate a meal on their own terms." The exhibition essay notes the work's philosophical links to Michel Foucault.
So I bravely opened my disintegrating copy of Foucault's Madness & Civilization (something I swore never to do again after escaping grad school in the early '90s, when every artist was actively encouraged to select a convolutedly translated French philosopher as their personal mascot). To excessively oversimplify, the book explores madness as a societal construct, specifically as it formed in France during the 17th and 18th centuries' Age of Reason. Up to that time, "madness" had been seen as simply another aspect of the human condition; reason and unreason coexisted. Foucault focuses on the period when the "mad" began to be segregated and imprisoned, in part to fill the role of societal scapegoat previously held by the disappearing leper population. It's a fascinating history, but I always had problems with the term "unreason," which seems too dainty to encompass behaviors that range from quirky to psychotic; it's hard to think in terms of social constructs when Auntie is running after the kids with a steak knife. But labeling someone as mad is still a popular tool to control and contain contrary attitudes and ideas -- from the literary example of McMurphy in One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest to the real-world example of China numbing nettlesome citizens into submission with psychotropic drugs and electroshock therapy.
But in Téllez's work, those removed from society -- where social constructs, vagaries of brain chemistry, incurred emotional damage or curse of the gods caused them not to fit in -- exist in a pleasant outdoor space, engaging in the very human practice of sharing a meal. Téllez has made his point when you come away thinking that being mad in a sunny courtyard might be preferable to being sane in a fluorescently lit office cubicle.
Cristián Silva believes in thinking local but acting global. Hence, his work addresses issues of globalism. He has painted an enormous black airplane flying across the gallery wall, the crisp silhouette like a pictogram for an airplane-crossing sign. But something is skewed about the overhead view of the craft: One wing is noticeably smaller than the other. It isn't broken or malformed, it's simply smaller. This vessel, created to transport persons and cargo to every corner of the earth, will fly in a clubfooted fashion, if at all, one half straining to keep up with the other. For Tormented Soul (2001), a series of Incredible Hulk cartoons is plastered to another wall in an unfussy and refreshingly unarchival act. The green superhero transcends culture and language, speaking English, Dutch, French, Spanish The Hulk belongs to everyone as we become a multinational corporate world with a panglobal popular culture.
Black-and-white, 8 1/2- by 11-inch laser prints litter another gallery wall. The images are of paper airplanes on a concrete floor -- multiple solutions to a problem, each carefully documented. There are short and squatty ones, sleek and angular ones. Some sport wadded-up sections, and one design is merely a sheet of paper with a hole torn in the middle. The work is by Gonzalo Lebrija, and the planes were designed as part of a contest he created in Guadalajara. Because the contest was held in a professional office tower, the participants were "predominately white males, wealthy lawyers, architects, engineers, stockbrokers and financial consultants." The tower, Condominio Guadalajara, is the tallest building in the city, and in an accompanying video, the tiny, frail and ineffectual planes are launched from its roof. The exhibition essay alludes to the phallic implications as the planes are "ejaculated from the structure." But also interesting is the idea of fragile individual creativity shown in stark contrast to a bland, massive, inhuman structure.


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This apartment is located on 176th between Broadway and Ft. Washington in a quiet Pre War building. The amazing 2 bed is UNDER BRAND NEW RENOVATION LG bedrooms, LIVINGROOM & EAT-in-kITCHEN steps from the A Train, & J. Wright Park in a quiet and clean building.
EXAMPLES OF RENOVATIONS AS THIS UNIT WILL BE READY juneApartment Features:
Hardwood Floors
Huge Bedrooms
High Ceilings
Stainless Steel appliances
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Steps from Trains
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Applicant must make 40 times the rent have good and clean credit and proof of income. Shares are ok, Guarantors welcomed immediate move in.
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*My Bio http://www.levelgroup.com/rob-hobgood
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Japan: New Internet By 2020!
Japan is planning to start research and development on technology for a new generation of network that would replace the Internet, eyeing bringing the technology into commercial use in 2020.
Japanese Communications Minister Yoshihide Suga said an organization will be set up as early as this fall with cooperation from businesses, academia and government offices for promoting the technology when the Internet is seen to be faced with increasing constraints in achieving higher throughputs of data as well as ensuring data security.
The envisaged network is expected to ensure faster and more reliable data transmission, and have more resilience against computer virus attacks and breakdowns.
The ministry is hoping Japan will take a lead in development of post-Internet technology and setting global standards, a move that ministry officials believe would help make Japanese companies competitive in the global market for hardware and software using such technology.


text: A study carried out by Michael Daly and his team at the 'Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences' in Bethesda, Maryland, has put new lights on the effect of radiation on DNA. According to Daly, it has long been thought that radiation was dangerous because it shatters DNA into fragment but, instead it is protein damage that is the killer. Daly says: The ability of cells to survive radiation is highly dependent on the amount of protein damage caused during irradiation. The bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans, which is nicknamed 'Conan the Bacterium' because of its high radiation resisting ability, was used in the study done by Daly and his team. Daly and his team exposed Deinococcus and other resistant bacteria to radiation and found that the resilience of a cell's repair proteins is linked to the number of manganese ions in the cell. Manganese prevents oxidative damage to repair proteins and allows them to swing into action after radiation has damaged DNA. The study shows that it doesn't matter even if your DNA is shattered, as long as the repair proteins are intact the DNA can be stitched back. According to Daly, it may be possible to increase radiation resistance by delivering Deinococcus repair proteins into animal cells. This could be useful in space travel, where radiation sickness is the main setback. Source.


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4 Responses
David Kieffer
Working on a new game, and I'm onto the art for the background. I think it will be cool to have some planets flying around.
Franz (Taptanium)
A space-themed game? Awesome!
David Kieffer
Well the game will be more urban themed, but I couldn't resist somehow tying space into the background art (as I am wont to do).
Franz (Taptanium)
Space is always good! I'm waiting in line for a beta test now ;)
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