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GREEN PAPER Less bureaucracy for citizens: promoting free movement of public documents and recognition of the effects of civil status records
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Brussels, 14.12.2010
COM(2010) 747 final
Less bureaucracy for citizens:promoting free movement of public documents andrecognition of the effects of civil status records
The mobility of European citizens is a practical reality, evidenced in particular by the fact that some 12 million people study, work or live in a Member State of which they are not nationals[1]. This mobility is facilitated by the rights attached to citizenship of the European Union: in particular the right to freedom of movement and, more generally, the right to be treated like a national in the Member State of residence. These rights are enshrined in primary EU law and implemented by means of secondary legislation.
However, as stated in the 2010 EU report on citizenship adopted by the Commission on 27 October 2010[2], European citizens are still confronted each day with many obstacles to the exercise of these rights.
One reason for these problems is that citizens are required to present public records to the authorities of another Member State in order to provide the proof needed to benefit from a right or to comply with an obligation.
These documents can vary considerably. They can be administrative documents, notarial acts such as property deeds, civil status records such as birth or marriage certificates, miscellaneous contracts or court rulings.
Very often these documents are not accepted by the authorities of a Member State without bureaucratic formalities that are cumbersome for citizens.
Citizens are then faced with very specific questions, the answers to which are often uncertain. Which authorities are competent when it comes to complying with such formalities? How much do such formalities cost? Must people appear in person? Will the necessary formalities be completed within a reasonable period of time? Will documents need to be translated?
The uncertainty surrounding the answers to these questions is a source of frustration and irritation, and is not conducive to achieving a Europe of citizens.
Moreover, civil status records raise a question of quite a different magnitude concerning not the actual documents themselves, but their effects.
Civil status records used by a Member State's authorities to record the main events governing people's status (birth, marriage, death) do not necessarily have an effect in another Member State. Each Member State applies its own rules in this respect, and they vary from one State to another. For example, paternal filiation established in one Member State with respect to a child born there will not necessarily be recognised in another Member State because of the difference in national rules applicable to the matter.
In response to these concerns, the Commission is launching, by means of this Green Paper, a broad consultation on matters relating to freedom of movement of public documents (Part 3) and recognition of the effects of civil status records (Part 4). The consultation aims to gather contributions from interested parties and the general public with a view to developing EU policy in these areas together with the relevant legislative proposals.
In 2004, the Commission underlined the importance of facilitating recognition of different types of documents and mutual recognition of civil status[3].
To this end two studies were published by the Commission[4] in 2007 and 2008 on the problems encountered by citizens as a result of the requirement to legalise documents used between Member States and on the problems relating to civil status records.
Within the framework of the Stockholm programme[5] the Council has asked the Commission to pursue the work on the follow-up to be given to these studies in order to ensure full exercise of the right to freedom of movement.
In this connection, two legislative proposals are envisaged in the Stockholm programme action plan.
Scheduled for 2013, these proposals will concern
- free movement of documents by eliminating legalisation formalities between Member States and
- recognition of the effects of certain civil status records (for instance relating to filiation, adoption, names), so that legal status granted in one Member State can be recognised and have the same legal consequences in another.
The European Parliament has already stated on several occasions[6] that it is in favour of the recognition of public documents and civil status records, the last time being in November 2010[7].
The Eurobarometer results on civil justice dating from October 2010 show that three-quarters of EU citizens (73%) consider that measures should be taken to facilitate the movement of public documents between Member States.
European citizens who move to a Member State other than the one of origin are faced with all kinds of bureaucracy involving requests that public documents be presented, for instance the birth certificate of a child, or proof of nationality or of a parental or family relationship.
The same applies to European citizens returning to their Member State of origin after a period in a host Member State. They encounter the same type of problems when it comes to providing evidence of life events which occurred in the host Member State.
The Commission would like to launch a debate on all the public documents that require administrative formalities in order to be used outside the Member State in which they were issued. These formalities include proof of authenticity or a certified translation.
Public documents vary considerably and cover all the official records drawn up by a Member State authority. Examples include administrative documents such as diplomas or patents; notarial acts such as sales deeds for property and marriage contracts; civil status records such as birth, marriage or death certificates; plus judicial documents such as court rulings or documents issued by a court.
The common function of all these documents is to establish evidence of facts recorded by an authority. In most cases they must be produced to obtain access to a right, to receive a social service or to comply with a tax obligation.
Administrative formalities are necessary to authenticate public documents so that they can be used outside the Member State where they have been issued. These formalities are a means of preventing fraud. They concern for example the authenticity of the signature and the capacity in which the person signing the document has acted.
The traditional way of authenticating public documents designed for use abroad is legalisation. Legalisation consists of a chain of individual authentication procedures for a document. In the ordinary legalisation procedure, a document must be legalised by the competent authorities of the Member State which issued it and then by the embassy or consulate of the Member State in which it will be used. The legalisation process is often slow and costly because of the number of authorities involved[8].
Another formality, which simplifies the traditional legalisation process, consists of the provision by the State issuing the document of an authentication certificate called an apostille. The apostille has the same objective as legalisation but involves a simplified procedure. An apostille is provided by the competent authorities only of the State which issued the document. Intervention by the authorities of the Member State in which the document is presented is no longer necessary.
However, although the apostille facilitates the movement of public documents compared with the legalisation procedure, it also requires administrative steps and involves some loss of time and a quite considerable cost which varies greatly from one Member State to another[9].
During the above-mentioned Eurobarometer survey on civil justice, citizens were asked about all the possible formalities which they had had to fulfil when presenting documents in a Member State other than the one which had issued the document. Six out of every ten questioned replied that they had had to fulfil several formalities when presenting a document in the Member State of residence. These included translation (26%), legalisation (24%), and producing an apostille (16%) or a certified copy (19%).
Another problem is that some Member States can require documents which do not always exist in the citizen's Member State of origin. A certificate of no impediment is a good example of this.
A Cypriot citizen living in Finland wants to marry a Finnish citizen, but he is required to produce a certificate of no impediment, which does not exist in Cypriot law. He is thus unable to produce this document in his Member State of residence and the only solution appears to be to refer the matter to the judicial authorities of the Member State of residence.
But is such a solution satisfactory for citizens? Referring cases to courts is not easy and involves an investment in terms of time and money. Getting married in a Member State other than the one of origin should be easy, not a source of worry for the future spouses.
All of these formalities make freedom of movement less attractive for European citizens and can even prevent them from exercising their rights fully.
Legal framework
At the moment, administrative formalities such as legalisation of public documents and the apostille in EU Member States are characterised by a legal framework that is fragmented because it is based on several sources: national laws that differ considerably from one another; a number of international multilateral and bilateral conventions which have been ratified by a varied and limited number of countries and which are unsuitable when it comes to providing the solutions needed to ensure the free movement of Europeans; fragmented EU law which deals only with certain limited aspects of the matters raised.
The result is a lack of clarity and regulation which does not provide the legal certainty European citizens need to cope with matters that have a direct impact on their everyday lives.
The principle whereby public documents must be legalised by the competent authority of the Member State in which the document is issued or be the subject of an apostille by the authority of the Member State of origin is accompanied by exceptions set out in the international conventions or in EU law.
It is difficult for citizens to know which exceptions could be applied to their own situations.
Several conventions can be quoted to demonstrate just how many international rules exist. Some of these conventions concern public documents in the broad meaning of the term, while others concern a specific type of document such as civil status records or certificates issued by diplomatic or consular officials.
The 1961 Hague Convention abolishes the requirement of legalisation for the foreign public documents set out in Article 1, replacing this with the apostille[10]. All EU Member States are parties to this Convention, as are a number of non-EU countries. It applies to public documents, in other words administrative documents, notarial acts, official certificates and documents emanating from a court or tribunal, but not to documents executed by diplomatic and consular authorities.
In the case of a document issued by a diplomatic or consular authority, the 1968 Council of Europe Convention may be applied. It abolishes the legalisation of documents executed by diplomatic or consular agents. However, not all European citizens can benefit from this Convention as only fifteen Member States are contracting parties to it.
In order to promote international cooperation on civil status records and improve the functioning of civil status authorities, an intergovernmental organisation, the International Commission on Civil Status (CIEC) was set up in 1949 by five founding members[11]. Twelve EU Member States are now members of this organisation[12].It plays an important role, in particular in the development of international conventions for ratification by countries. Several Conventions concern the legalisation of civil status records: the 1957 Convention on the issue free of charge and exemption from legalisation of copies of civil status records, the 1976 Convention on the issue of multilingual extracts from civil status records, and the 1977 Convention on the exemption from legalisation of certain records and documents[13].
EU law itself contains several provisions which completely abolish legalisation between Member States.
The 1987 Convention[14] completely abolishes legalisation for several categories of documents: documents emanating from an authority or official, including a public ministry, a clerk of a court or a process-server, administrative documents, notarial acts, official certificates, in particular official certificates which are placed on documents signed by persons in their private capacity, and documents executed by diplomatic or consular agents. However, this Convention has been ratified by only a very small number of Member States and has not therefore entered into force, except with regard to six of them[15], which have decided to apply it provisionally in their mutual relations.
Some instruments adopted by the EU on judicial cooperation in civil matters, in particular Regulations (EC) No 44/2001 and (EC) No 2201/2003, also provide for the abolition of legalisation for documents coming within their scope[16].
Possible solutions to facilitate the free movement of public documents between Member States
a) The abolition of administrative formalities for the authentication of public documents
The administrative formalities relating to the presentation of public documents, originally based on consular and intergovernmental practices, are still causing problems for European citizens and no longer meet the requirements or correspond to the state of development of contemporary society, in particular in an area of common justice.
The need for these formalities, which are not suitable for relations between Member States based on mutual trust or for increased mobility of citizens, can legitimately be questioned.
In 1997, the European Union Court of Justice indicated the path that should be followed. In the Dafeki [17] case between a Greek national working in Germany and the pension fund of that Member State, the recognition of documents issued in one Member State and presented in another in a professional context was affirmed by the Court. In this judgment, the Court found that a Member State's authorities must accept certificates and analogous documents relative to personal status issued by the competent authorities of the other Member States, unless their accuracy is seriously undermined by concrete evidence relating to the individual case in question.
It is time to consider abolishing the apostille and legalisation for all public documents in order to ensure that they can circulate freely throughout the EU.
This could cover all public documents; a sectoral approach might not produce sufficient results. The apostille might be abolished as well as legalisation.
In practice, the abolition of these formalities would mean that citizens could present an original document issued by a Member State's authorities, without having to take any additional steps, as though they were in the same Member State.
The Commission therefore proposes that thought be given to abolishing all these obsolete formalities, and that a modern, uniform European legislative framework be introduced that takes account of the reality of crossborder situations.
Question 1 Do you think that the abolition of administrative formalities such as legalisation and the apostille would solve the problems encountered by citizens?
b) Cooperation between the competent national authorities
The abolition of administrative formalities could be accompanied by cooperation between the competent national authorities.
Civil registrars in certain Member States currently engage in administrative cooperation on an informal basis and on the basis of the CIEC Conventions[18], something which could be developed.
In the event of serious doubt about the authenticity of a document or if a document does not exist in a Member State, the competent national authorities could exchange the necessary information and find an appropriate solution.
This exchange of information should also allow the civil registrar of the Member State of origin of a person to be informed of the fact that a record concerning this person has been made in another Member State. This would also be useful in terms of updating civil status records. A central registration point could also be envisaged to record civil status events occurring in Member States other than the citizen's Member State of origin. This grouping together of data would facilitate the issuing and updating of certificates.
Such applications could be implemented by using suitable electronic means[19].
The projects carried out and results achieved in the context of online justice (e-Justice) could contribute to this exchange of information. The e-Justice portal could inform citizens of the existence of civil status records and their legal implications (for instance, the need to obtain a death certificate from the competent authority before asking a court for an inheritance certificate). Arrangements could also be made to allow citizens to apply for and obtain a civil status record online using a secure system.
Moreover, given the very diverse administrative structures in the Member States, it would be useful to inform citizens more systematically as to which authorities are competent for entries in civil registers and the issuing of certificates. In this connection, the Commission has announced[20] the transformation of the "Your Europe" portal into a one-stop-shop for information on the rights of citizens and companies in the European Union, which is user-friendly and easily accessible[21].
Question 2 Should closer cooperation between Member States' authorities be envisaged, in particular as regards civil status records, and if so, in what electronic form?
Question 3 What do you think about the registration of a person's civil status events in a single place, in a single Member State? Which place would be the most appropriate: place of birth, Member State of nationality or Member State of residence?
Question 4 Do you think that it would be useful to publish the list of national authorities competent to deal with civil status matters or the contact details of one information point in each Member State?
c) Limiting translations of public documents
In parallel with the administrative formalities such as legalisation and the apostille, the translation of a public document issued by another Member State is another procedure citizens may have to deal with. Just like the abovementioned administrative formalities, translation also represents a cost in terms of time and money [22].
Optional standard forms, at least for the most common public documents (for example a declaration of the loss or theft of identity papers or a wallet), could be introduced in a number of administrative sectors in order to cope with translation requests and avoid costs.
The standard forms could be based on the multilingual forms produced by the CIEC. These forms are very successful: the advantage is that there is no need to translate the certificate in the country of destination[23].
Question 5 What solutions do you recommend in order to avoid or at least limit the need for translation?
d) The European civil status certificate
European driving licences and passports already exist. A European certificate of inheritance has been proposed by the Commission. Thought might be given to introducing a European civil status certificate.
This would exist alongside Member States' national civil status records. It would be optional, not compulsory. Citizens could continue to ask for a national certificate. The European certificate would not therefore replace Member States' civil status certificates.
A couple consisting of partners of German and Spanish nationality settle in Spain with their child. The parents need the child's birth certificate in order to apply for family allowances and to register the child in a Spanish school. The parents could ask the civil registrar in Germany (Member State of birth) to issue a European birth certificate in order to present it to the competent authorities in Spain. The certificate could be issued in Spanish. When presenting it to the Spanish authorities, the certificate would not have to be translated, which would avoid the considerable translation costs. The parents could also ask for a national birth certificate, in other words a German certificate. In this case, the Spanish authorities would probably ask for it to be translated.
It should also be possible to use the certificate in the Member State where it was issued.
The parents could also use the European certificate for any administrative formalities in Germany, which would avoid further procedures involving the civil registrar.
At the moment, the information given on civil status certificates differs considerably from one Member State to another. For instance, over forty different details are given on Member States' birth certificates. These details are not given in every country. Such differences cause problems for civil registrars faced with details that are unknown in their legal systems. As a result of these differences, civil registrars often have to request additional information and citizens face additional problems, such as loss of time.
As well as the content, the form differs from one Member State to another. The variety of forms causes problems in understanding and identifying documents, for both authorities and citizens, in particular when the language is not known.
The format of the certificate and the information given on it must be standardised using a single support, the European certificate. This would greatly facilitate the understanding of the civil status data shown and would prevent the kind of questions that are raised about the details on national certificates that are unknown in the Member State where the certificate is presented.
Question 6 What kind of civil status certificates could be the subject of a European civil status certificate? Which details should be mentioned on such a certificate?
Of all public documents, civil status records give rise to a specific problem linked to their effects.
Civil status, for which each Member State has developed its own concept, based for instance on its history, culture and legal system, makes it possible to find out the status of a person and determine his or her position in society. It forms the basis of his or her legal status. Civil status records are records executed by an authority in order to record the life events of each citizen such as birth, filiation, adoption, marriage, recognition of paternity, death and also a surname change following marriage, divorce, a registered partnership, recognition, change of sex or adoption.
In a crossborder situation, the main question is whether a legal situation recorded in a civil status record in one Member State will be recognised in another.
A French couple married for three years move to Denmark. They will live in Denmark for four years for professional reasons. After living together for several years, their first child is born. In attributing a surname to a child, the Danish authorities apply the law of Denmark, the child's and the parents' Member State of residence. On the family's return to France, the French authorities refused to recognise the name attributed to the child according to the rules laid down in Danish law. This situation will create legal uncertainty for the child as he or she will not be identified in the same way in Denmark and in France, which will have an impact on the exercise of the right to free movement.
The attribution of surnames is a basic element in a person's identification, the rules of which are influenced by historical, religious, linguistic and cultural factors, which differ widely from one Member State to another. The problems encountered by citizens as a result of the difference in national rules on attributing names are illustrated in the case-law of the Court of Justice[24], which describes the serious drawbacks that differences in the attribution of family names can have for individuals in their professional and private lives[25].
It should be possible to guarantee the continuity and permanence of a civil status situation to all European citizens exercising their right of freedom of movement. In deciding to cross the border of a Member State to go and live, work or study in another Member State, the legal status acquired by the citizen in the first Member State (for instance change of surname for a married woman who has legally adopted her husband's surname) should not be questioned by the authorities of the second Member State since this would constitute a hindrance and source of objective problems hampering the exercise of citizens' rights.
The second question which arises is whether – in a crossborder case – the legal status recorded in a civil status record can produce the civil effects connected with the situation.
Two citizens, one of Swedish nationality and the other of German nationality, are living together in Finland and are not married. After living together for several years, their first child is born. How will the Finnish authorities in the Member State of residence establish the filiation of the child, in other words the family relations binding this child to the biological parents? What rules will the Finnish authorities apply to the establishment of filiation? Will it be Swedish law, the law of the Member State of origin of the father; German law, the law of the Member State of origin of the mother, or Finnish law, the Member State of residence of the parents and the country where the event took place? If Finland applied its own law on filiation, would the filiation be recognised in the parents' Member States of origin, in this case Sweden and Germany, and in the rest of the EU? Since each Member State applies its own rules, it could happen that the German authorities would not recognise the filiation determined on the basis of Finnish rules.
Each Member State determines which law is applicable in a crossborder situation based on the connecting factor set out in its private international law. The connecting factor can, in principle, be nationality or habitual residence. The applicable law, thus determined, varies considerably from one Member State to another. The unavoidable consequence of such diversity is that a civil status situation created in one Member State is not automatically recognised in another because the result of the applicable law differs depending on the Member State in question.
The question is whether there is a need for EU action to provide Europeans with greater legal certainty in relation to civil status matters and to remove the obstacles which they face when asking for a legal situation created in one Member State to be recognised in another. Such recognition is requested in order to benefit from the civil rights connected with the situation in the Member State of residence.
Legal framework
Civil status questions are not new to the European legislator, who has conferred a series of rights on European citizens in primary and secondary law. The EU has already dealt with issues relating to civil status, in particular marriage. Article 21(2) of the abovementioned Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 states that "no special procedure shall be required for updating the civil-status records of a Member State on the basis of a judgment relating to divorce, legal separation or marriage annulment given in another Member State". However, secondary law measures by the EU have to date remained very specific and there are no rules yet on recognition by a Member State of civil status-related situations created in another Member State.
There are international conventions that enable civil status questions to be solved in crossborder situations, mainly the CIEC Conventions, the aim of which is to introduce uniform rules on conflicts of laws connected with people's rights[26]. However, these Conventions are generally ratified by only a small number of countries, usually not more than ten. This contributes to the fragmentation in legal terms of the rules applicable in crossborder situations. In addition, the EU Member States which are also members of the CIEC are not all parties to all of this organisation's conventions. Not a single CIEC convention has been ratified by all EU Member States which are also members of the CIEC.
Possible solutions for recognition of the effects of civil status records
Several solutions could be considered to ensure recognition of the effects of a civil status record or legal situation connected with civil status created in a Member State other than the one in which it is invoked.
In this context, it is important to stress that the EU has no competence to intervene in the substantive family law of Member States. Therefore, the Commission has neither the power nor the intention to propose the drafting of substantive European rules on, for instance, the attribution of surnames in the case of adoption and marriage or to modify the national definition of marriage. The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union does not provide any legal base for applying such a solution.
Against this background, several practical problems arising in the daily lives of citizens in cross-border situations could be solved by facilitating recognition of the effects of civil status records legally established in other EU Member States. The European Union has three policy options to deal with these problems: assisting national authorities in the quest for practical solutions; automatic recognition and recognition based on the harmonisation of conflict-of-law rules.
a) Assisting national authorities in the quest for practical solutions
It can be argued that the problems faced by citizens in their daily lives with regard to their civil status in cross-border situations are matters best left to the Member States, as national authorities can identify practical solutions within the parameters of their national law. Until, for example, there is further harmonisation of the rules on the law applicable to civil status situations, or until there is greater convergence of Member States' substantive family law, the EU's primary role would be to help national authorities to cooperate more effectively.
Question 7 Do you think that civil status issues for citizens in cross-border situations in the EU could be effectively solved by national authorities alone? In this case, should not the EU institutions provide at least some guidance to national authorities (possibly in the form of EU recommendations) to ensure minimum consistency of approaches with a view to finding practical solutions to the problems faced by citizens?
b) Automatic recognition
Another option is automatic recognition, in a Member State, of civil status situations established in other Member States. Such recognition would not involve the harmonisation of existing rules and would leave Member States' legal systems unchanged.
This would mean that each Member State would accept and recognise, on the basis of mutual trust, the effects of a legal situation created in another Member State. In the examples mentioned above, the child's name and the filiation should be recognised by the authorities of the Member State of origin of that child, even if the application of that State's law would have resulted in a different solution.
Ensuring automatic recognition throughout the EU of a legal situation created in a Member State would involve a number of advantages for European citizens.
First of all, this solution would be simple and transparent with respect to all citizens exercising their right of freedom of movement throughout the European Union. All citizens whose civil status changes or is affected by a civil status situation created in a Member State would know in advance that their civil status need not be questioned if they crossed a border or decided, for instance, to spend several years in a Member State other than the one of origin. The permanent nature of their civil status would be guaranteed and the situation created in the Member State of origin would be recognised automatically in the other Member States on the basis of the Treaty.
In ensuring automatic recognition of a legal situation created in another Member State, the host Member State (in other words, the one which the citizen decides to go and live or work in) would not have to change its substantive law or modify its legal system.
This recognition would also have the advantage of providing the legal certainty which citizens can expect when they exercise their right to freedom of movement. It can be argued that legal uncertainty and the various problems a citizen could encounter in terms of recognition of the legal situation established in the Member State the citizen is leaving should not act as a disincentive or constitute an obstacle preventing the exercise of European citizens' rights.
In this case, this possibility should, however, be accompanied by a series of compensatory measures to prevent potential fraud and abuse and take due account of the public order rules of the Member States. Moreover, automatic recognition might, where appropriate, be better suited to certain civil status situations such as the attribution or change of surnames. This might prove to be more complicated in other civil status situations such as marriage.
Question 8 What do you think of automatic recognition? To which civil status situations might this solution be applied? In which civil status situations might it be considered unsuitable?
c) Recognition based on the harmonisation of conflict-of-law rules
Harmonisation of the conflict-of-law rules might be another possible way of allowing citizens to exercise fully their right to freedom of movement while providing them with greater legal certainty in relation to civil status situations created in another Member State.
A body of common rules developed in the European Union would enshrine the right which would be applicable to a crossborder situation when a civil status event takes place.
This right would be defined on the basis of one or more connecting factors taking into account citizen mobility. The rules would thus be foreseeable and known in advance. For instance, citizens living in a Member State other than their Member State of origin could have the law of this country, to which they have developed ties, applied to them rather than the law of their Member State of origin, which they had perhaps left many years before.
Moreover, it would have to be decided whether the connecting factor chosen should be the same for several civil status situations or whether different factors would be more appropriate depending on each situation.
Question 9 What do you think of recognition based on the harmonisation of conflict-of-law rules? To which civil status situations might this solution be applied?
Determination of the applicable law on the basis of one or more connecting factors laid down in European legislation might be the approach taken if no choice is expressed by citizens. In principle, citizens in crossborder situations might be allowed to choose the law applicable to a civil status event. This possibility could satisfy the legitimate interests of citizens who, in making this choice, would express their attachment to their own culture and Member State of origin or to another Member State. Making such a choice would also allow individual freedom to be taken into account in relation to civil status matters where this does not undermine the interests of a third party and does not infringe public order. This freedom of choice would be regulated, however, and would have to lead to the application of a law with which the citizen has close links.
Question 10 What do you think of the possibility of citizens choosing the applicable law? In which civil status situations might such a choice be applied?
Question 11 In addition to automatic recognition and recognition based on the harmonisation of conflict-of-law rules, do you think that there are other solutions which could provide a response to the crossborder effects of legal situations linked to civil status?
This Green Paper is intended to launch a public consultation in order to gather guidelines and opinions from the players concerned on ways of improving the lives of citizens in terms of the movement of public documents and the application of the principle of mutual recognition in relation to civil status matters.
It will be published on the Commission's website.
The consultation will take place from 14 December 2010 to 30 April 2011. The Commission asks interested parties to send their contributions to the following address:
European CommissionDirectorate-General for JusticeUnit A1 - Judicial Cooperation in Civil MattersB-1049 BrusselsFax No: + 32-2/299 64.57
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
All public and private sector contributions will be published on the Commission's website unless the authors object explicitly to publication of their personal data on the grounds that such publication would harm their legitimate interests.
The Commission might hold a public hearing on the issues covered by the Green Paper.
[1] Further proof of this fact is the number of marriages and divorces recorded in the EU: by way of example, out of a total of roughly 122 million marriages, some 16 million (13%) have a crossborder dimension.
[2] COM(2010) 603 final, EU Citizenship Report 2010 – Dismantling the obstacles to EU citizens' rights.
[3] COM(2004) 401 final, Communication "Area of Freedom, Security and Justice: assessment of the Tampere programme and future orientations", p. 11.
[4] The results are available at http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/publications/publications_en.htm
[5] The Stockholm Programme — An open and secure Europe serving and protecting citizens, OJ C 115, 4.5.2010, p. 1.
[6] Resolution with recommendations to the Commission on the European Authentic Act, December 2008.
[7] Report on civil law, commercial law, family law and private international law components of the action plan implementing the Stockholm Programme of 22 November 2010.
[8] The amount and scale of the fee involved differ widely from one Member State to another (equal to or lower than EUR 20 in some Member States, variable in others, depending on the document; the fee can amount to up to EUR 50).
[9] The apostille also costs money: a fee must be paid in a number of Member States. which varies considerably from one to another. In some, the apostille is provided free of charge or for less than EUR 5, while in others it can cost up to EUR 50.
[10] Convention of 5 October 1961 abolishing the requirement of legalisation for documents by foreign authorities: http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.text&cid=41. It does not apply to documents executed by diplomatic or consular agents or to administrative documents dealing directly with commercial or customs operations. The apostille is defined in Articles 4 and 5 of the Convention.
[11] The five founding members are Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Switzerland.
[12] CIEC website: http://www.ciec1.org/. In addition to the above four EU Member States who are founding members of the CIEC: Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Poland, the United Kingdom and Hungary.
[13] Conventions No 2, 16 and 17.
[14] Convention of 25 May 1987 abolishing the legalisation of documents in the Member States of the European Communities.
[15] The six Member States are Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Ireland and Latvia.
[16] The provisions in question are: Article 56 of Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, and Article 52 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000.
[17] Case C-336/94 Eftalia Dafeki v Landesversicherungsanstalt [1997] ECR I-06761, paragraph 19.
[18] See in particular Conventions No 3, 8 and 26. According to Convention No 3, when civil registrars make a record of marriage, they must give notice of this to the civil registrar for the place of birth of each one of the spouses, using a standard form. This Convention is in force in eleven Contracting States, six of which are EU Member States. The EU Members are Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
[19] The Internal Market Information System (IMI), currently used for the exchange of information between authorities in the field of professional qualifications and services, could prove to be a suitable electronic tool to improve cooperation between the competent Member State authorities and could also prevent recourse to requests for the translation of documents. See http://ec.europa.eu/imi-net. In addition, the " CIEC platform" project co-financed by the Commission could form a very useful basis for the future. It involves the development and use of electronic means in relation to judicial matters and, in particular, the organisation of a network of civil registrars which will be of great benefit to citizens. The CIEC platform also underpins the best practices developed in the context of intergovernmental cooperation.
[20] COM(2010) 603 final, cited above, and COM(2010) 608 final, Communication, "Towards a Single Market Act - For a highly competitive social market economy".
[21] See http://ec.europa.eu/youreurope.
[22] The average cost of translating a simple document can range from EUR 30 to EUR 150.
[23] Convention No 16 is in force in 20 countries, including 12 EU Member States.
[24] Case C-168/91 Christos Konstantinidis 1993, ECR [1993] I - 01191; Case C-148/02 Carlos Garcia Avello C-48/02, [2003] ECR I-16613; Case C-353/06 Grunkin-Paul , [2008] ECR I-07639 , Case C-208/09 Ilonka Sayn Wittgenstein C-208/09 , pending at the CJEU.
[25] Case C-353/06, cited above, paragraphs 22, 23, 25 and 27 and Case C-148/02, cited above, paragraph 36.
[26] See Convention No 12 on the legitimation of natural children by marriage, Convention No 18 on the voluntary recognition of children born out of wedlock and Convention No 19 on the law applicable to names and surnames. Convention No 7 to facilitate the celebration of marriages abroad also contains a conflict-of-law rule on prior notices for marriage.
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Todai Restaurant is a national chain Japanese restaurant/all-you-can-eat buffet. I had my first visit while in Tampa and was really impressed. I eat a lot of sushi and Read More
Been there, done that? Do tell us about it! Submit a review of this Tampa restaurant today.
User Rating 4 of 5 stars
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
El Paso >
Food & Dining > Big Al's Wings & SubsNeighborhoods:
Great Local "Joint" – Big Al's is one of the best local burger places in the city. It also offers great live music saturday nights and a family atmosphere that's always an enjoyable experience.
Great atmosphere and good music on Saturday nights. – It's one of the only places in town that has some good blues music to go with your food. Be sure to order the shrimp cocktail and check out their daily specials.
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text:
From MythTV Official Wiki
Contents |
Released - Jan 2008
For 0.21 onwards, includes the first HD OSD theme. It's about 99% finished and can be downloaded here: http://www.miffteevee.co.uk/themes/metallurgy.html
Released - Mid 2009
For 0.22 onwards, first to use mythui to full advantage. Will be available at the release of 0.22.
For 0.22 onwards, various concepts, no release dates or idea if they will ever become complete themes.
Idea 1
Idea 2
Idea 3
Idea 4
Working on now
- All things MythUI
- Replace current mythmusic playlist editor using the new table structure to it's full advantage.
My Task List:
- Add option to liveTV "recording starting" menu to watch remainder of liveTV buffer
- The duplicate check method "Record New Episodes Only" either needs re-wording or making a little smarter. It doesn't work as it should for users with no 'Repeat' information in their guide data.


text: This well appointed custom built lake home sits on 1.24 acres that gently slopes to 120 ft. of main channel lake frontage. Beautiful views inside and out with the open floor plan and 20 ft. ceilings in great room, foyer and car walk upstairs. Large cook's kitchen with double convection ovens, stainless steel appliances and large walk-in pantry. Lush master suite with fireplace and private balcony. Finished basement is great for entertaining with a large rec room with stone fireplace, bar and wine cellar. Guests or in-laws will enjoy private living quarters with fully equipped kitchen and bath. This home is located in Kingston on the banks of Watts Bar Lake, a TVA reservoir formed by the joining of three rivers; the Clinch, Little Emory and Tennessee. This area is known for its scenic beauty, temperate climate, four distinct seasons and abundance of outdoor activities. Tennessee has no state income tax.


text:
The Gustavo H. Villalpando Scholarships for Students Minoring in Mexican American Studies
The deadline for applications to the Scholarship for Foreign-Born is extended to October 15, 2013.
The Center for Mexican American Studies is currently seeking applicants for two scholarships designed for students minoring in Mexican American Studies. Applicants for the Gustavo H. Villapando Scholarship for Foreign-Born Students and the Gustavo H. Villalpando Excelente Scholarship have a July 15 deadline to turn in their applications and supporting documentation. One student will be selected for each of the scholarships. The two scholarships are being financially supported by the Crim Law Firm (Houston, Texas) in recognition that Mexican American Studies is an important field of study that will help students become better leaders and more successful professionals after college. Recipients for each of the scholarships will receive $1,250 for the fall semester and the same amount for the spring semester.


text:
- Monthly Special Offers
- In Store Specials
- Discount Massage Tables
- Home Massage
- Portable Massage Tables
- Stationary Massage Tables
- Electric Massage Tables
- Massage Chairs and Stools
- Table Accessories
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- Sheets and Covers
- Massage Tools
- Hot and Cold Therapy
- Oils, Lotions, Creams & Gels
- Massage Stones
- Wellness Products
- Books, DVDs, Music, CE Courses
Oils, Lotions, Creams & Gels Oil Accessories & Cleaner | E-Mail to a friend |
Oil Accessories & Cleaner |
From pumps, bottles, and holsters, to oil-resistant covers and sheets, this category has everything you need to manage your massage oils.
Dispensing PumpsSingle Pumps for 8oz, 64oz, and gallon containers
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$2.49 |
Measurement GlasswareBlend Your Own Oils, Lotions, and Creams with Complete Accuracy
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BodyChoice Massage Oil WarmerEvenly Heats Massage Oil and Keeps it at a Constant Temperature
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Oil-Resistant Table CoverKeep Your Table's Upholstery Clean and Oil Free *Clearance Sale* *In Store Special*
Retail Price:
$34.95 Special Price: $14.90 |
Oil-Resistant Face Pillow CoverKeep Your Face Pillow Clean and Oil Free
Retail Price:
$6.95 Special Price: $1.90 |


text:
Hollywood Inn Express South is an ideal choice for guests who'd rather sleep in a large hotel. With star class 2 you are sure not to overpay for your stay. Famous landmarks such as MacArthur Park are nearby.
Hollywood Inn Express South offers swimming facilities to guests, for example an outdoor swimming pool. Not only is a late check-out option part of the services here, an express check-in/out service is also available during your stay. A total of 74 rooms are available here. Free parking can offer some convenience if you travel to the hotel by car. Transport is made easier during your stay as a paid theme park shuttle bus is offered here (upon request).
Air conditioning in the rooms of Hollywood Inn Express South guarantees a comfortable temperature. A wake-up service and a daily housekeeping service are but two of the services offered. A refrigerator provides convenience in the rooms.
Show reviews
Check-in: | From 14:00 Check-out: Until 11:00 |
Internet: | Wireless high-speed Internet access (complimentary), Free wired Internet, Computer Station |
Parking: | Parking (free) |
Airport shuttle: | Paid Theme Park Shuttle |
Rooms: | 74 |
Services: |
General facilities: |
Swimming Facilities: |
Note: It is the responsibility of the hotel chain and/or the individual property to ensure the accuracy of the photos displayed. We are not responsible for any inaccuracies in the photos. | |
Please provide this reference number to our customer service center representative on request, so we can help you better


text:
- featured articles
Calculate your most fertile days
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Video: The most hilarious dads on the playground.
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Video: TSA Pats Down a 6-Year-Old
April 13, 2011
by Sasha Emmons
© Masterfile
It's the footage everyone is talking about: a 6-year-old girl being patted down, including inside the waistband of her pants, by Transportation Security Administration employees at the New Orleans airport. The girl, whose face is blurred, appears to be calm, and the TSA agent is explaining everything as she goes, but the girl's mom characterized it as "groping."
Plus: Single Parent Travel Tips
The TSA says it could never completely exempt any group, even children, from security procedures, because it would leave that group vulnerable to being exploited by terrorists. After reviewing the video, the TSA says the screener followed procedure for the modified pat-down children under 12 are supposed to receive. But they also say they'd like to work with parents to make the screening process more respectful.
Plus: 51 Mini Family Vacations
Would you be opposed to your child getting a pat-down like the one in the video? Or are they necessary to keep our skies safe?
Visit msnbc.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy


text:
Loading... The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (original 2007; edition 2009)by Sherman Alexie
Work detailsThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie (2007)
Sign up for LibraryThing to find out whether you'll like this book. No current Talk conversations about this book. written and read by Sherman Alexie. Wonderful writing, great story, excellent basketball scene. Lots of laughter and tears. I highly recommend it. This book is wonderful. Sherman Alexies tale of Junior is just hilarious. It will keep you laughing. My students always enjoy this book with its light and airy feel, graphic style pictures, and Alexie's sarcastic diction. It is no wonder it won the National Book Award. Hands down one of my favorite children's books, I understand that this book will not be suitable for every child, although most children will love it. I'd advise an adult to read the book along wit the child so the two can discuss some of the more difficult topics in the book. Semi-autobiographical, True Story recounts a year in the life of Junior, a Spokane Indian, as he transitions from a school on the reservation to a local non-reservation school outside Spokane. The book realistically depicts a preteen boy's thoughts, character, and motivations, even though this makes some of the language and situations a bit graphic. Social justice themes permeate the book as Alexie does not shy away from the harsh realities facing contemporary Native Americans. Cartoons illustrations are built into the text as Junior uses art to help cope with his worldview. Equal parts heartbreaking, empowering, hilarious. This is considered a Young Adult book, but adults should read it too. Alexie's voice is fresh and original. This book is so well-written, and not at all formulaic. This would be such a great book to give to a boy who isn't that intrigued by reading. The main character, Arnold Spirit, Jr., is funny, ironic, lovable, and tragic all at once. Some of the challenges of being a 14-year-old boy are universal, such as sexual discovery (masturbation, uncontrollable erections), worrying about one's place in peer groups, being afraid of having to fight a peer, wondering how to get a girl's attention. Arnold has the additional challenges of crushing poverty, rampant alcoholism, and his people's loss of any hope or dreams to build a better life. The story of his freshman year at a new school off the reservation is poignant, funny, sad, and sarcastic all at once. Junior's cartoon drawings help draw the reluctant reader in and provide insight into his love for his friends and family. The drawings, sometimes funny and sometimes very sad, help us understand his sensitivity and empathy for everyone around him. He can see the best in his friends and family, despite their faults and battles with alcohol or other demons. The book seems dead-on for the 14-year-old boy. It also gives girls some insight into the awkwardness that their male peers might be experiencing. It is a great story to teach empathy and understanding, and to explore issues such as racism, alcoholism, hopelessness, and perseverance. This is a book I would love to read with my son when he reaches that age.
Working in the voice of a 14-year-old forces Alexie to strip everything down to action and emotion, so that reading becomes more like listening to your smart, funny best friend recount his day while waiting after school for a ride home.
References to this work on external resources. Wikipedia in English (3)
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0316013692, Paperback)Sherman Alexie tells the story of Junior, a budding cartoonist growing up on the Spokane Indian Reservation. Determined to take his future into his own hands, Junior leaves his troubled school on the rez to attend an all-white farm town high school where the only other Indian is the school mascot. Heartbreaking, funny, and beautifully written, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, which is based on the author's own experiences, coupled with poignant drawings that reflect the character's art, chronicles the contemporary adolescence of one Native American boy as he attempts to break away from the life he thought he was destined to live. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Alexie's YA debut, released in hardcover to instant success, recieving seven starred reviews, hitting numerous bestseller lists, and winning the 2007 National Book Award for Young People's Literature.(retrieved from Amazon Mon, 30 Sep 2013 13:17:56 -0400) Budding cartoonist Junior leaves his troubled school on the Spokane Indian Reservation to attend an all-white farm town school where the only other Indian is the school mascot. (summary from another edition) |
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text:
Sidewalks, recycling, loans and more on Pittsford agendaBy Lucia Suarez
STAFF WRITER | February 06,2013PITTSFORD A three-week break in biweekly Select Board meetings has given Pittsford town officials a packed agenda tonight.
Town Manager John Haverstock said the reason for the three-week break was the month of January having five Wednesdays with the first meeting landing on the first day of the month.
The Select Boards consideration of the towns Planning Commissions proposal to adopt a permanent zoning ordinance. Haverstock said the town has operated under an interim zoning ordinance for two years and now they want to make it permanent.
Its exactly the same as the interim ordinance, he said.
The Dufresne Group, are scheduled to give a presentation on the sidewalk construction project through the village center down Arch and Pleasant streets to Lothrop Elementary School. The project, which will be constructed next year, is expected to cost close to $400,000.
This (discussion) will be on the alignment of the sidewalk and the alternatives like should we expand the sidewalk from the elementary school to Route 7, Haverstock said.
He said they were expecting the alternatives presentation by the Dufresne Group in a couple weeks, but were pleasantly surprised when they were ready for tonights meeting.
The project is just a sidewalk, so maybe its not as complicated, the town manager said.
According to the agenda, the Select Board members will also execute loan documents regarding the states well-drilling loan fund.
Haverstock said the state is ready to start distributing $6,000 loans for 26 Pittsford residents who will be disconnected from the Proctor water system soon. The board just needs to sign some paperwork for the state, he said.
The final agenda items to the towns recycling and garbage removal practices. It will feature a discussion and presentation by Rutland companies Casella Waste Systems and Earth Waste Systems and the Rutland County Solid Waste District.
We had wanted to discuss the notion of doing zero-sort recycling (with Casella), Haverstock said. We have been given a tour of Casellas facility in Rutland. We were certainly impressed, but we will see if it makes sense for our residents.
The Select Board meets at 6:30 p.m. at the conference room in the town office building.
email@example.com IN Local & StateChances are that every member of Sunday afternoons audience at Rutlands Paramount Theatre knew... Full StoryA Rutland man on Monday denied a felony charge of taking a woman's purse at knifepoint in Rutland. Full StoryRutland Town and the state will look at a new way to access Farrell Road from Route 7. Full Story -
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text:
Ada —
A man wanted in connection with a shooting in August led law enforcement officials on a high-speed pursuit through Ada Friday, police said.
Police arrested 29-year-old Billy Jack McNeil of Ada after the pursuit. Ada police said Officer Kylor Pool, while on patrol, saw a man in a white pickup not wearing a seat belt. Upon closer inspection, Pool recognized the driver as McNeil, who had several outstanding arrest warrants. When Pool activated his emergency lights, McNeil allegedly fled. The chase started in the 1400 block of N. Country Club. Police said McNeil sped south on Country Club and turned west onto Arlington before eventually turning south on Highland.
Police said McNeil crashed into a vehicle at the intersection of 10th and Highland, but kept going afterwards.
The driver of the vehicle McNeil crashed into at first declined medical treatment, but later called for an ambulance complaining of head pain, according to radio traffic. Her name was not released by press time Saturday.
The pickup McNeil was driving eventually sputtered to a stop near the intersection of 18th and Stadium. Police said McNeil got out of the pickup and fled on foot. Pontotoc County Sheriff John Christian drove across a field and cut McNeil off using his patrol vehicle. McNeil was taken to the ground by Officer Pool, Sheriff's Deputy Curtis Kennedy and Christian. Chickasaw Lighthorse police and Oklahoma Highway Patrol Troopers also assisted in the pursuit.
McNeil was arrested on suspicion of eluding police officers, defective vehicle, no insurance, no seat belt, possession of drug paraphernalia, possession of an offensive weapon, leaving the scene of a personal injury wreck, possession of a controlled dangerous substance with intent to distribute and possession of a firearm and police scanner during the commission of a felony. County officials said McNeil had 10 outstanding warrants and was wanted for questioning in connection with an alleged shooting just outside of Ada in August.
The shooting occurred on County Road 1550 Aug. 29. Law enforcement arrested Zachary Wayne Shelton, 26, Ada, and Kimberly Joy Haegele, 22, Ada. Deputies responded to a call on County Road 1550 southwest of Ada and spoke with a man, Robert Christopher Gray, who said he'd been shot at by two men on CR 1550. He told deputies he was walking down Johnston Street in Ada when Billy Jack McNeil pulled up in a pickup and began yelling at him, accusing Gray of sleeping with McNeil's girlfriend, Haegele, who was also in the pickup. Gray said McNeil wanted him to get in the pickup to talk, so he did. The three of them drove away. Gray told deputies that he asked to be dropped off because the conversation wasn't going to be civil. He said the man drove him to a house on CR 1550 (Reeves Road) where Zachary Shelton was waiting. Gray said he ran away after the vehicle stopped. "(Gray) stated before any fight broke out, he took off running eastbound on County Road 1550," Deputy Kevin Wood wrote in a report. "Robert stated as he was running he heard (Shelton) yell 'stop, and come back or I'll do it.' (Gray) stated that he turned around and saw that (Shelton) was pointing a rifle at him. Gray stated he kept running and he heard a shot fired, and then a second shot."
Gray told deputies he was eventually given a ride to a convenience store where he called authorities. Wood responded to the residence on CR 1550 and found a single 30-30 caliber rifle casing in the location where the shots were allegedly fired. Wood said authorities found Shelton and Haegele but McNeil was not found. Shelton was arrested on suspicion of attempted murder, kidnapping, possession of a firearm after former felony conviction, conspiracy to commit a felony, driving under the influence. Haegele was arrested on suspicion of accessory to attempted murder, conspiracy to commit a felony, and accessory to kidnapping. Several Ada schools were placed on lockdown while authorities searched for McNeil. He is held without bond in the Pontotoc County Justice Center.
Local News
Wanted man leads police on pursuit through Ada
- Local News
3/8/2014 Pontotoc County warrants, arrests
County warrants and arrests
American Ninja/dad/firefighter
Ada firefighter Danny Manuel wants to be the top Ninja warrior on NBC's popular American Ninja Warrior television show.
He is anxiously awaiting word on whether he has been selected as one of the contestants for this year's show.
He went through this same process last year but was never contacted.
Just like Charlie Brown on the mound in a rainstorm, Manuel keeps training and hoping for the best, even when nobody's watching.
In the meantime, Manuel, who turns 40 this month, is preparing as if he'll get the call for what promises to be another strenuous competition in 2014. -
Odd News
March 7, 2014
Area Briefs
March 7, 2014
Honoring Chris Lane
One by one, they stopped playing or coaching and walked past the media to talk about Chris Lane.
Guess you could say he was on everybody's mind Wednesday, especially the 40 or so players from Redlands Community College and East Central University. - 3/6 Police Reports
Raw Video: House Fire in 7600 Block SH3W
Area firefighters work to extinguish a blaze in the 7600 block of State Highway 3W Wednesday, March 5, 2014.
Mercy co-workers have a new look
If you've visited Mercy Hospital or a Mercy Clinic in Ada since January 1, you might have noticed something new. Mercy Ada co-workers rolled out M-Wear, Mercy's apparel program, at the beginning of this year.
Ada Library to hold spring used book sale
The Ada Public Library will kick off the Spring Used Book Sale on Tuesday, March 11, with a preview sale for Ada Library Friends members from 6:30 p.m. until 8:30 p.m.
Fun Country Special Olympics Art Competition and Music Festival held in Ada
The Fun Country Special Olympics Art Competition and Music Festival was held on Tuesday, Feb. 25, in the Ada Cougar Activity Center.
- More Local News Headlines
3/8/2014 Pontotoc County warrants, arrests


text:
Jermon Bushrod (twitter: @j_bushrod7475)
Position: T
Height: 6-4 Weight: 315 lbs.
Born: August 19, 1984 in Fredericksburg, VA
College: Towson St.
Drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the 4th round (125th overall) of the 2007 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 47 (1608th overall since 1950)
2-time Pro Bowler (fine print)
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text:
Location: Pune, India
Member since: April 2007
27 days ago
" The team were excellent and VERY patient. This project dragged on for ages because of me being away with work a lot and various other complications but they were very patient and ensured the project was concluded. I am just waiting to be sent the final product! Thanks to Ankita and Nishant. "
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" They delivered a great product and I really appreciate their help, I just wish the project was done on time. Instead, they took 6 months longer than they quoted. "
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" Mankita is one of the best. Communication is perfect, quality is good. They are very fast, even though we ordered changes every week, the were able to do it! Will definetely work with them again. "
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" Working with Ankita has been a great experience and I will happily use her team again. Ankita took care of my app project from start to finish. Her team of business associates were very knowledgeable and helpful in areas I found a bit challenging. The graphic designer Ankita recommended was also a talented artist whom I would also use again in the future.You can be confident using Ankita and her team of skilled business associates to get your project finished on time.Lorna16 "
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" Ankita did an amazing job in turning my drawings into a fully functional application. She was very prompt in answering emails and had daily updates for me throughout the project. This was my first app project so I didn't quite know what to expect. Ankita made the whole process run very smooth and I will definitely come back for my next project. "
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" I will truly say they are the best programmers in the world. The communication is terrific as I was able to reach anytime. I shall say I will re hire them again once I have started working on my next project. If you want professionalism and when it is at its best you should go to them to bring your project to life. "
Jul 26, 2012
" Ankita and her staff have proven to be the perfect choice for our app. They have been great in understanding our requests and transform our ideas in a very high quality app. The communication has been prompt, and they haven't stop to work till we were 100% satisfied. Highly recommended. Thanks Ankita! "
Oracle India Pvt. Ltd.
Worked as associate application developer for Fusion products in Oracle India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad. Went to SanFrancisco (United States) from Oracle for Fusion Applications Development and Training.
Delcam Solutions
I was working as project trainee(College's Final Year Project) for shoe making product for Delcam Solutions. Our clients were Reebok, Nike, Adidas etc... I was involved in core development of C/C++.
College of Engineering Pune
Diploma in Computer Technology


text:
Veteran Attackman To Bring Depth To Chesapeake Offense
ANNAPOLIS, MD – The Chesapeake Bayhawks announced today according to general manager Brian Reese that the team has traded defenseman Joe Cinosky and midfielder Jeremy Sieverts to the Denver Outlaws for attackman Drew Westervelt. The trade becomes active just one day before the 12-man protected rosters will be released by Major League Lacrosse (MLL).
"Drew is a proven goal scorer and an All-Star," Reese said. "He will help add another great shooter to our offense. He is one of the most consistent scorers in the MLL and will be a huge asset in transition and to our extra man offense. We are excited to add him to our team."
Westervelt, a Baltimore, MD native, was selected by Denver with the fourth overall pick in the 2007 MLL Collegiate Draft. Throughout his career in the MLL, Westervelt tallied 114 goals, six 2-point goals, and 59 assists totaling 180 points for the Denver Outlaws over five seasons. A two-time All-Star, Drew has seen play in the MLL playoffs three times with the franchise.
"I am excited to continue my MLL career in my hometown with the Bayhawks," Westervelt proclaimed. "I have had a great career in Denver and I will be leaving a great team, but I grew up as a Bayhawks fan and playing in Maryland will be an excellent opportunity. I look forward to playing a contributing role for the franchise and succeeding as a team."
Chesapeake will lose some support on defense with the trade of Cinosky and also depth in their midfield line with the loss of Sieverts. Reese is confident though that both will add great value to the Outlaws and that this is a mutually beneficial trade.
"Joe is a world class defenseman and will fit in well with the group of players in Denver," Reese stated. "Jeremy is a young, talented midfielder that will get an opportunity to contribute on a more regular basis. We want to thank them for their contributions to the franchise and we wish them luck in the future."
Bayhawks 2012 season tickets can be purchased online at www.thebayhawks.comor over the phone by calling the box office 866-99-HAWKS (42957). Reserve your seat before November 1st and you will be entered into a raffle to win one of five authentic, autographed Bayhawks jerseys! Don't miss out on seeing the Chesapeake Bayhawks battle at Navy-Marine Corps Memorial Stadium this summer.
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text:
EMEA server shipments down 5.9pc in Q2Server shipments in Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) totalled 550,000 units in the second quarter, a decrease of 5.9 per cent from the same period last year, said a report. Server revenue totaled $3.1 billion in the quarter, More… |
DFM reports 100pc disclosure of Q2 resultsDubai Financial Market (DFM) has revealed that its listed local public joint stock companies have recorded a 100 per cent compliance regarding the disclosure of Q2-2013 results within the deadline of 45 days from the end of the period. More… |
Kuwait Energy reports 52pc rise in Q2 revenueKuwait Energy, an independent oil and gas exploration and production company in the Middle East, has reported a revenue of $77.6 miilion, up 51.8 per cent in its second quarter, as compared to the same period in 2012. The company& More… |
Emirates Investment Bank profits up 48pc in Q2Emirates Investment Bank, an independent Dubai-based private investment bank, has reported Dh12.3 million ($3.3 million) net profit in the second quarter of 2013, up 48 per cent as compared to Q2 last year. It said the bank's More… |
RAK Properties posts net profit of $14m in Q2RAK Properties, a Ras Al Khaimah-based property developer, has earned a net profit of Dh51.10 million ($13.9) in the second quarter (Q2) of this year. The financial results were announced following the meeting of the board held on More… |
Xerox posts $5bn revenue in Q2Xerox, a global leader in business process and document management, posted a revenue of $5.4 billion, up one per cent for the second quarter of this year. The company said its second quarter adjusted earning per share (EPS) of 27 More… |
United National Q2 profit rises 7.2pcAbu Dhabi's Union National Bank on Sunday reported a 7.2 percent rise in second-quarter profit helped lower provisions and reduced funding costs, beating analysts' expectations. The lender, jointly owned by the governments More… |
Mashreq Q2 profit up 25pc driven by fee incomeMashreq, Dubai's third-biggest lender by assets, posted a 25.7 percent rise in second-quarter net profit on the back of higher fee income, the latest bank in the United Arab Emirates to report strong quarterly numbers. The ban More… |
Du to pay Dh1bn dividend after Q2 windfallDu, the United Arab Emirates' second biggest telecom operator, said it would pay 1 billion dirhams ($272.3 million) to shareholders via special and interim dividends, after it posted a 46 percent rise in second-quarter net profit on Thursday More… |
Masraf al Rayan Q2 net profit up 13.3pcMasraf Al Rayan, Qatar's largest sharia-compliant bank by market value, posted a 13.3 per cent increase in its second-quarter net profit, Reuters calculations show, edging ahead of analysts' forecasts. Net profit for the s More… |


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Toe clearance variability during walking in young and elderly men
File | Size | Format | |
50524_1.pdf | 300Kb | Adobe PDF | View |
Title | Toe clearance variability during walking in young and elderly men |
Author | Mills, Peter; Barrett, Rod; Morrison, Steven |
Year Published | 2008 |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Citation | Gait & Posture, Vol. 28(1), pp. 101-107 |
Peer Reviewed | Yes |
Published | Yes |
Publisher URI | http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/525442/description#description |
Alternative URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.10.006 |
Copyright Statement | Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V. This is the author-manuscript version of this paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version. |
Research Centre | Centre for Musculoskeletal Research; Griffith Health Institute |
Faculty | Griffith Health Faculty |
Publication Type | Journal Articles (Refereed Article) |
Please use this identifier to cite this record: http://hdl.handle.net/10072/21023
Griffith University copyright notice
Copyright in individual works within the repository belongs to their authors or publishers. You may make a print or digital copy of a work for your personal non-commercial use. All other rights are reserved, except for fair dealings or other user rights granted by the copyright laws of your country.


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Further "unjustifiable upset" will be caused to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge if an Italian magazine goes ahead with printing intimate photographs of the couple on holiday, St James's Palace has warned.
Gossip magazine Chi is understood to be planning a 26-page photo special of the pair sunbathing in the south of France, to run in an edition next week.
Despite the palace describing the publication of topless photos of Kate in French magazine Closer as a "grotesque and totally unjustifiable" invasion of privacy, and the announcement that the royal couple will sue its publishers, unconfirmed reports said Chi still planned to print the images.
A spokeswoman for James's Palace said: "We will not be commenting on potential legal action concerning the alleged intended publication of the photos in Italy save to say that all proportionate responses will be kept under review.
"Any such publication would serve no purpose other than to cause further, entirely unjustifiable upset to The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, who were enjoying time alone together in the privacy of a relative's home."
Both Chi and the French edition of Closer are published by the Mondadori media group, which is owned by former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi.
Chi magazine's editor Alfonso Signorini said: "The fact that these are the future rulers of England makes the article more interesting and topical.
"This is a deserving topic because it shows in a completely natural way the daily life of a very famous, young and modern couple in love."
A number of British newspapers have been offered the photos but so far are unanimous in their condemnation of them being published while the British edition of Closer has distanced itself from the decision made by its French counterpart, which is run by a different company.
Royal aides have drawn parallels between the late Princess of Wales' most upsetting encounters with certain elements of the press and the "unthinkable" actions of Closer, which left Kate and William feeling "anger and disbelief".


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The Think Tank Airport AirStream Rolling Case is an excellent companion for your tavels, meeting international carry-on limit sizes whilst providing capacity for a selected amount of essential gear including lenses up to 400mm. The AirStream has a high degree of security, featuring a TSA combination lock that secures the main zipper, a front security cable and combination lock that allows you to lock a laptop case to the front of your roller, a rear security cable and combination lock to secure the roller to immovable objects. Protection is further increased by the Airport AirStream features a security ID plate, the serial number of which can be registered on the Think Tank Website, that makes locating your lost or stolen bag far more easily. A handy stretchable front pocket provides easily accessible and much-needed space for newspapers, paperwork and other items required at a moment's notice. A further advantage of the Airport AirStream is the option for an Artificial Intelligence 15 laptop case to be slid in and out of the front pocket. This provides the advantage of the roller looking smaller even when the laptop case is inside the pocket. If for some reason you need to weigh the bag, you can remove the laptop case, making the roller lighter and smaller. Also, when you get to your seat on the plane, you can pull out the laptop case and put it on your seat before putting the roller in the overhead bin.
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What no virgins?
- Details
- Category: Funny Pictures
- Published: Monday, 09 April 2007 15:45
- Hits: 2651
Part Time Board Op
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Responsible for the operation and quality of studio sound equipment during programs. Operates equipment to record, edit, synchronize, mix and reproduce recordings. Taking direction from Producers, Talent and Directors, participates in the creation of the sound image for assigned programs. 4-9 pm daily. Link to details and application.


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District-by-district results will be released in July.
NASHVILLE — Tennessee students in 2013 continued making strides on their Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program tests, marking three years of steady progress since tougher course requirements and testing were introduced nearly four years ago, state officials announced Thursday.
"I am grateful to our students and teachers for rising to the challenge of higher standards and to parents who are investing in their children's education," said Gov. Bill Haslam, who joined Education Commissioner Kevin Huffman in a news conference to unveil academic year 2012-13 results.
Haslam called it "encouraging that we continue to make gains in education, and we are reminded that we have a lot of work ahead of us in building a strong Tennessee workforce for the future."
The TCAP tests are given to students in grades 3-8, while high schoolers are given end-of-course exams.
TCAP results showed that, for the first time since more rigorous standards went into effect, more than half of students in grades 3-8 achieved grade level in every tested TCAP achievement subject.
The students reached higher levels of proficiency on 22 of 24 tested subjects over 2012 results.
For high school students, there was strong growth, officials said, in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) areas over last year with proficiency percentages up by 8.7 percent in Algebra II, 6.4 points in biology and 5 points in Algebra I.
More than half of high school students tested proficient or advanced in five of seven end-of-course subjects tested.
But by comparison, increases in high school proficiency rates weren't near as high for English I and III, increasing by two percent. And in English II, they actually moved backward by about one percentage point, the state says.
"We haven't done enough in providing high-quality professional development for teachers in reading, and that's been a huge point of emphasis for this summer and for the coming year," Huffman said.
While top officials' mood was celebratory on Thursday, they expect the scores to fall again in the 2013-2014 academic year when the state implements the new Common Core standards, an even more rigorous system of testing developed by states, including Tennessee.
Dr. Gary Nixon, executive director of the State Board of Education, said "I'm pleased with the results and the growth."
He noted that in 2008 Tennessee implemented the Diploma Project that "raised the standards, the rigor of all the elementary and high school courses. We anticipated the longer students were in these new upgraded courses and grades, the better they would be over time."
State Senate Speaker Pro Tem Bo Watson, R-Hixson, who also attended the news conference, said this year's tests showed "positive results."
He noted that despite "some of the criticism that has been levied at all the reform efforts ... it's making a difference -- a positive difference."
Contact staff writer Andy Sher at 615-255-0550 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Andy Sher is a Nashville-based staff writer covering Tennessee state government and politics for the Times Free Press. A Washington correspondent from 1999-2005 for the Times Free Press, Andy previously headed up state Capitol coverage for The Chattanooga Times, worked as a state Capitol reporter for The Nashville Banner and was a contributor to The Tennessee Journal, among other publications. Andy worked for 17 years at The Chattanooga Times covering police, health care, county government, ...
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Before we talk about the startling events out of Gatlinburg, let's first discuss the Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program, or as ...
We've been taking tests since the days of the one-room schoolhouse.
Hamilton County Schools students, parents, teachers and administrators have some good news to celebrate today: Standardized test scores improved in ...
Results from the Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program shows students in grades third- through eighth-grade made improvements in science and social ...


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How Regional Coffee Chains Are Competing With National Heavy Hitters Like Starbucks
But, how exactly can independent cafes compete with the Starbucks and Caribous of the world? I'm glad you asked. read »
But, how exactly can independent cafes compete with the Starbucks and Caribous of the world? I'm glad you asked. read »
Dinner Lab unites adventurous foodies with up-and-coming chefs for unique dining experiences. (Photo credit: Hannah McSwain)
This morning, the underground, members-only dinner club, Dinner Lab, has announced expansion into five new markets, making the pop-up dinner experiences not so underground anymore. Before even celebrating its read »
Restaurateur, investor, philanthropist, and environmentalist Sean Meenan is now seeing the benefits of focusing on passion before profit. (Photo credit: Jamel Toppin)
A little over fifteen years ago, a young wayward New Yorker dressed like a 1970's pimp imagined owning a restaurant on the corner of Elizabeth and Prince streets – an read »
If you think Detroit is dead, then think again. The city has the will power, entrepreneurial seeds, and human spirit to come back even better than before.
Someone close to me recently reminded me that from the bleakest of scenarios, somehow life finds a way.
It always does. History and nature prove it. Literature and film read »
Dinner Lab hosts intimate pop-up dinner parties at remote locations in New Orleans, Austin, and Nashville.
"If Dinner Lab was a person, they would be the dark, mysterious man drinking alone at the end of the bar," said Brian Bordainick, Founder of the popular social dining club that is quickly establishing itself in different markets read »
In a day and age when technology is being integrated into everything we do, Hackathons have recently been joining forces with other unlikely events in collaborations created to keep this influence of technology growing positively. The goals of these challenges are to enhance user experiences, provide everyday solutions, brainstorm new products, read »
The Jazz Fest crowd anticipates 2013 headliners Fleetwood Mac.
In the midst of two weekends that included dancing in the rain to The Dave Matthews Band, holding posters for New Orleans' songbird Robin Barnes, eating pounds of crawfish pies, losing beer koozies, and anticipating Adam Levine's abs and tattoos at the New Orleans Jazz and read »
The Dojo in New Orleans is a space anchored by WebDevrs, a mobile and web app development firm.
Gone are the days of working in a traditional office setting, where cubicles separate colleagues and the only social interactions occur around the water cooler. The rise in coworking spaces around the world have left more people yearning read »
Gentology.com allows you to shop with NBA stars.
The dawn of online shopping came as a gift to men everywhere. Shopping with the ease of a click of a button, accompanied by the absence of the dreaded pilgrimage to the mall, moments of indecision, and ambush of salesclerks. The benefits then came as subsequent gifts to men read »
uisness Melissa Beese brings a subscription service for eco-friendly toys to the market.
Since launching her business in 2012, Melissa Beese has become the BFF that every mom wants to have, armed with the best toy recommendations for your child and even delivering them to your doorstep, as an added bonus.
Her company, Little read »


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Stoneware Compost Crock
- Summary
Our handmade ceramic compost crock is an attractive way to save peelings, cores and other kitchen scraps destined for the compost bin. Sized to sit on kitchen counters, it has a tight-fitting lid with a carbon filter insert that absorbs food odors.
- Handcrafted stoneware compost crock, glazed inside and out for easy cleaning.
- Removable carbon filter on lid minimizes odors.
- Includes one carbon filter.
- Strong stainless-steel handle makes the crock easy to carry from kitchen to compost bin.
- 7 3/4" diam., 9 1/4" high excluding handle.
- A Williams-Sonoma exclusive.
- Dimensions & More Info
- Made in China.
- Use & Care
- Hand-wash.
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Shipping Information
This item is shipped from our warehouse by UPS to arrive within five business days of our receiving your order.
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The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination.View Shipping Options and Charges.
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For an additional charge of $15 per address, we can rush delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
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Search results for 'cognac'
Normandin-Mercier - Vintage -1976-
SINGLE VINEYARD SINGLE VINTAGE. (Vignoble et année uniques)
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A dry and tasteful well matured cognac, distilled just after World War II, introducing a delicate fruitiness and charm of the past.
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Powerful floral and honey aroma. It is light and frank on the palate, with a liquorice and ginger finish.
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Powerful honey and ripe fruit aroma. It is frank and smooth on the palate, dominated by ginger with a light touch of citrus fruit. Fruity and elegant.
"The 1974 cought our attention (…), that kept much of the sunshine but added some intriguing caraway notes", Wine & Spirits, USA, 2006.
Jean Grosperrin -1976- Petite Champagne
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Jean Grosperrin -1989- Petite Champagne
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Light amber in colour.
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Glitter By Little Heel
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January 14th, 2005, 06:56 PM
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