text:
Benford's law
Benford's Law, also called the First-Digit Law, refers to the frequency distribution of digits in many (but not all) real-life sources of data. In this distribution, the number 1 occurs as the leading digit about 30% of the time, while larger numbers occur in that position less frequently: 9 as the first digit less than 5% of the time. Benford's Law also concerns the expected distribution for digits beyond the first, which approach a uniform distribution.
This result has been found to apply to a wide variety of data sets, including electricity bills, street addresses, stock prices, population numbers, death rates, lengths of rivers, physical and mathematical constants, and processes described by power laws (which are very common in nature). It tends to be most accurate when values are distributed across multiple orders of magnitude.
The graph below shows Benford's Law for base 10. There is a generalization of the law to numbers expressed in other bases (for example, base 16), and also a generalization to second digits and later digits.
It is named after physicist Frank Benford, who stated it in 1938,[1] although it had been previously stated by Simon Newcomb in 1881.[2]
- 1 Mathematical statement
- 2 Example
- 3 History
- 4 Explanations
- 5 Applications
- 6 Limitations
- 7 Statistical tests
- 8 Generalization to digits beyond the first
- 9 Tests of Benford's Law with common distributions
- 10 Distributions known to obey Benford's Law
- 11 Distributions known to not obey Benford's law
- 12 Criteria for distributions expected and not expected to obey Benford's Law
- 13 Moments
- 14 See also
- 15 References
- 16 Further reading
- 17 External links
Mathematical statement[edit]
A set of numbers is said to satisfy Benford's Law if the leading digit d (d ∈ {1, ..., 9}) occurs with probability
Numerically, the leading digits have the following distribution in Benford's Law, where d is the leading digit and P(d) the probability:
d | P(d) | Relative size of P(d) |
1 | 30.1% | |
2 | 17.6% | |
3 | 12.5% | |
4 | 9.7% | |
5 | 7.9% | |
6 | 6.7% | |
7 | 5.8% | |
8 | 5.1% | |
9 | 4.6% |
The quantity P(d) is proportional to the space between d and d + 1 on a logarithmic scale. Therefore, this is the distribution expected if the mantissae of the logarithms of the numbers (but not the numbers themselves) are uniformly and randomly distributed. For example, a number x, constrained to lie between 1 and 10, starts with the digit 1 if 1 ≤ x < 2, and starts with the digit 9 if 9 ≤ x < 10. Therefore, x starts with the digit 1 if log 1 ≤ log x < log 2, or starts with 9 if log 9 ≤ log x < log 10. The interval [log 1, log 2] is much wider than the interval [log 9, log 10] (0.30 and 0.05 respectively); therefore if log x is uniformly and randomly distributed, it is much more likely to fall into the wider interval than the narrower interval, i.e. more likely to start with 1 than with 9. The probabilities are proportional to the interval widths, and this gives the equation above. (The above discussion assumed x is between 1 and 10, but the result is the same no matter how many digits x has before the decimal point.)
An extension of Benford's Law predicts the distribution of first digits in other bases besides decimal; in fact, any base b ≥ 2. The general form is:
For b = 2 (the binary number system), Benford's Law is true but trivial: All binary numbers (except for 0) start with the digit 1. (On the other hand, the generalization of Benford's law to second and later digits is not trivial, even for binary numbers.) Also, Benford's Law does not apply to unary systems such as tally marks.
Examining a list of the heights of the 60 tallest structures in the world by category shows that 1 is by far the most common leading digit, irrespective of the unit of measurement:
Leading digit | meters | feet | In Benford's law | ||
Count | % | Count | % | ||
1 | 26 | 43.3% | 18 | 30.0% | 30.1% |
2 | 7 | 11.7% | 8 | 13.3% | 17.6% |
3 | 9 | 15.0% | 8 | 13.3% | 12.5% |
4 | 6 | 10.0% | 6 | 10.0% | 9.7% |
5 | 4 | 6.7% | 10 | 16.7% | 7.9% |
6 | 1 | 1.7% | 5 | 8.3% | 6.7% |
7 | 2 | 3.3% | 2 | 3.3% | 5.8% |
8 | 5 | 8.3% | 1 | 1.7% | 5.1% |
9 | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 3.3% | 4.6% |
The discovery of Benford's Law goes back to 1881, when the American astronomer Simon Newcomb noticed that in logarithm tables (used at that time to perform calculations) the earlier pages (which contained numbers that started with 1) were much more worn than the other pages.[2] Newcomb's published result is the first known instance of this observation and includes a distribution on the second digit, as well. Newcomb proposed a law that the probability of a single number N being the first digit of a number was equal to log(N + 1) − log(N).
The phenomenon was again noted in 1938 by the physicist Frank Benford,[1] who tested it on data from 20 different domains and was credited for it. His data set included the surface areas of 335 rivers, the sizes of 3259 US populations, 104 physical constants, 1800 molecular weights, 5000 entries from a mathematical handbook, 308 numbers contained in an issue of Reader's Digest, the street addresses of the first 342 persons listed in American Men of Science and 418 death rates. The total number of observations used in the paper was 20,229. This discovery was later named after Benford (making it an example of Stigler's Law).
In 1995, Ted Hill proved the result about mixed distributions mentioned below.[3]
Benford's Law has been explained in various ways.
Outcomes of exponential growth processes[edit]
The precise form of Benford's Law can be explained if one assumes that the mantissae of the logarithms of the numbers are uniformly distributed; and this is likely to be approximately true if the numbers range over several orders of magnitude. For many sets of numbers, especially sets that grow exponentially such as incomes and stock prices, this is a reasonable assumption.
For example, if a quantity increases continuously and doubles every year, then it will be twice its original value after one year, four times its original value after two years, eight times its original value after three years, and so on. When this quantity reaches a value of 100, the value will have a leading digit of 1 for a year, reaching 200 at the end of the year. Over the course of the next year, the value increases from 200 to 400; it will have a leading digit of 2 for a little over seven months, and 3 for the remaining five months. In the third year, the leading digit will pass through 4, 5, 6, and 7, spending less and less time with each succeeding digit, reaching 800 at the end of the year. Early in the fourth year, the leading digit will pass through 8 and 9. The leading digit returns to 1 when the value reaches 1000, and the process starts again, taking a year to double from 1000 to 2000. From this example, it can be seen that if the value is sampled at uniformly distributed random times throughout those years, it is more likely to be measured when the leading digit is 1, and successively less likely to be measured with higher leading digits.
This example makes it plausible that data tables that involve measurements of exponentially growing quantities will agree with Benford's Law. But the law also appears to hold for many cases where an exponential growth pattern is not obvious.
Scale invariance[edit]
If there is a list of lengths, the distribution of first digits of numbers in the list may be generally similar regardless of whether all the lengths are expressed in metres, or yards, or feet, or inches, etc. To the extent that the distribution of first digits of a data set is scale invariant, the distribution of first digits is the same regardless of the units that the data are expressed in. This implies that the distribution of first digits is given by Benford's Law.[4][5] To be sure of approximate agreement with Benford's Law, the data has to be approximately invariant when scaled up by any factor up to 10. A lognormally distributed data set with wide dispersion has this approximate property, as do some of the examples mentioned above.
This means that if one converts from feet to yards (multiplication by a constant), for example, the distribution of first digits must be unchanged — it is scale invariant, and the only continuous distribution that fits this is one whose logarithm is uniformly distributed. For example, the first (non-zero) digit of the lengths or distances of objects should have the same distribution whether the unit of measurement is feet or yards, or anything else. But there are three feet in a yard, so the probability that the first digit of a length in yards is 1 must be the same as the probability that the first digit of a length in feet is 3, 4, or 5. Applying this to all possible measurement scales gives a logarithmic distribution, and combined with the fact that log10(1) = 0 and log10(10) = 1 gives Benford's Law. That is, if there is a scale invariant distribution of first digits, it must apply to a set of data regardless of what measuring units are used, and the only distribution of first digits that fits that is Benford's Law.
Multiple probability distributions[edit]
For numbers drawn from certain distributions (IQ scores, human heights) the Law fails to hold because these variates obey a normal distribution which is known not to satisfy Benford's Law,[6] since normal distributions can't span several orders of magnitude and the mantissae of their logarithms will not be (even approximately) uniformly distributed.
However, if one "mixes" numbers from those distributions, for example by taking numbers from newspaper articles, Benford's Law reappears. This can also be proven mathematically: if one repeatedly "randomly" chooses a probability distribution (from an uncorrelated set) and then randomly chooses a number according to that distribution, the resulting list of numbers will obey Benford's Law.[3][7] A similar probabilistic explanation for the appearance of Benford's Law in everyday-life numbers has been advanced by showing that it arises naturally when one considers mixtures of uniform distributions.[8]
Accounting fraud detection[edit]
In 1972, Hal Varian suggested that the law could be used to detect possible fraud in lists of socio-economic data submitted in support of public planning decisions. Based on the plausible assumption that people who make up figures tend to distribute their digits fairly uniformly, a simple comparison of first-digit frequency distribution from the data with the expected distribution according to Benford's Law ought to show up any anomalous results.[9] Following this idea, Mark Nigrini showed that Benford's Law could be used in forensic accounting and auditing as an indicator of accounting and expenses fraud.[10] In practice, applications of Benford's Law for fraud detection routinely use more than the first digit.[10]
Legal status[edit]
In the United States, evidence based on Benford's Law has been admitted in criminal cases at the federal, state, and local levels.[11]
Election data[edit]
Benford's Law has been invoked as evidence of fraud in the 2009 Iranian elections,[12] and also used to analyze other election results. However, other experts consider Benford's Law essentially useless as a statistical indicator of election fraud in general.[13][14]
Macroeconomic data[edit]
Similarly, the macroeconomic data the Greek government reported to the European Union before entering the Euro Zone was shown to be probably fraudulent using Benford's Law, albeit years after the country joined.[15]
Genome data[edit]
The number of open reading frames and their relationship to genome size differs between eukaryotes and prokaryotes with the former showing a log-linear relationship and the latter a linear relationship. Benford's Law has been used to test this observation with an excellent fit to the data in both cases.[16]
Scientific fraud detection[edit]
A test of regression coefficients in published papers showed agreement with Benford's law.[17] As a comparison group subjects were asked to fabricate statistical estimates. The fabricated results failed to obey Benford's law.
Benford's law can only be applied to data that are distributed across multiple orders of magnitude. For instance, one might expect that Benford's law would apply to a list of numbers representing the populations of UK villages beginning with 'A', or representing the values of small insurance claims. But if a "village" is defined as a settlement with population between 300 and 999, or a "small insurance claim" is defined as a claim between $50 and $100, then Benford's law will not apply.[18][19] More generally, if there is any cut-off which excludes a portion of the underlying data above a maximum value or below a minimum value, then the law will not apply.
Consider the probability distributions shown below, plotted on a log scale.[20] In each case, the total area in red is the relative probability that the first digit is 1, and the total area in blue is the relative probability that the first digit is 8.
For the left distribution, the size of the areas of red and blue are approximately proportional to the widths of each red and blue bar. Therefore the numbers drawn from this distribution will approximately follow Benford's law. On the other hand, for the right distribution, the ratio of the areas of red and blue is very different from the ratio of the widths of each red and blue bar. Rather, the relative areas of red and blue are determined more by the height of the bars than the widths. The heights, unlike the widths, do not satisfy the universal relationship of Benford's law; instead, they are determined entirely by the shape of the distribution in question. Accordingly, the first digits in this distribution do not satisfy Benford's law at all.[19]
Thus, real-world distributions that span several orders of magnitude rather smoothly (e.g. populations of settlements, provided that there is no lower limit) are likely to satisfy Benford's law to a very good approximation. On the other hand, a distribution that covers only one or two orders of magnitude (e.g. heights of human adults, or IQ scores) is unlikely to satisfy Benford's law well.[18][19]
Statistical tests[edit]
Statistical tests examining the fit of Benford's law to data have more power when the data values span several orders of magnitude. Since many data samples typically do not have this range, numerical transformation of the data to a base other than 10 may be useful before testing.[citation needed]
Although the chi squared test has been used to test for compliance with Benford's law it has low statistical power when used with small samples.
The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and the Kuiper test are more powerful when the sample size is small particularly when Stephens's corrective factor is used.[21] These tests may be overly conservative when applied to discrete distribution. Values for the Benford test have been generated by Morrow.[22] The critical values of the test statistics are shown below:
α = 0.10 | α = 0.05 | α = 0.01 | |
Kuiper Test | 1.191 | 1.321 | 1.579 |
Kolmogorov–Smirnov | 1.012 | 1.148 | 1.420 |
Two alternative tests specific to this law have been published: first, the max (m) statistic[23] is given by
and secondly, the distance (d) statistic[24] is given by
where FSD is the First Significant Digit and is the sample size. Morrow has determined the critical values for both these statistics, which are shown below:[22]
α = 0.10 | α = 0.05 | α = 0.01 | |
Leemis' m | 0.851 | 0.967 | 1.212 |
Cho–Gaines' d | 1.212 | 1.330 | 1.569 |
Nigrini[25] has suggested the use of a z statistic
where |x| is the absolute value of x, n is the sample size, 1/(2n) is a continuity correction factor, pe is the proportion expected from Benford's law and po is the observed proportion in the sample.
Morrow has also shown that for any random variable X (with a continuous pdf) divided by its standard deviation (σ), a value A can be found such that the probability of the distribution of the first significant digit of the random variable ( X / σ )A will differ from Benford's Law by less than ε > 0.[22] The value of A depends on the value of ε and the distribution of the random variable.
A method of accounting fraud detection based on bootstrapping and regression has been proposed.[26]
Generalization to digits beyond the first[edit]
It is possible to extend the law to digits beyond the first.[27] In particular, the probability of encountering a number starting with the string of digits n is given by:
(For example, the probability that a number starts with the digits 3, 1, 4 is log10(1 + 1/314) ≈ 0.0014.) This result can be used to find the probability that a particular digit occurs at a given position within a number. For instance, the probability that a "2" is encountered as the second digit is[27]
And the probability that d (d = 0, 1, ..., 9) is encountered as the n-th (n > 1) digit is
The distribution of the n-th digit, as n increases, rapidly approaches a uniform distribution with 10% for each of the ten digits.[27] Four digits is often enough to assume a uniform distribution of 10% as '0' appears 10.0176% of the time in the fourth digit while '9' appears 9.9824% of the time.
Tests of Benford's Law with common distributions[edit]
Benford's Law was empirically tested against the numbers (up to the 10th digit) generated by a number of important distributions. including the uniform distribution, the exponential distribution, the half-normal distribution, the right-truncated normal, the normal distribution, the chi square distribution and the log normal distribution [6] In addition to these the ratio distribution of two uniform distributions, the ratio distribution of two exponential distributions, the ratio distribution of two half-normal distributions, the ratio distribution of two right-truncated normal distributions, the ratio distribution of two chi-square distributions (the F distribution) and the log normal distribution were tested.
The uniform distribution as might be expected does not obey Benford's Law. In contrast, the ratio distribution of two uniform distributions is well described by Benford's Law. Benford's Law also describes the exponential distribution and the ratio distribution of two exponential distributions well. Although the half-normal distribution does not obey Benford's Law, the ratio distribution of two half-normal distributions does. Neither the right-truncated normal distribution nor the ratio distribution of two right-truncated normal distributions are well described by Benford's Law. This is not surprising as this distribution is weighted towards larger numbers. Neither the normal distribution nor the ratio distribution of two normal distributions (the Cauchy distribution) obey Benford's Law. The fit of chi square distribution depends on the degrees of freedom (df) with good agreement with df = 1 and decreasing agreement as the df increases. The F distribution is fitted well for low degrees of freedom. With increasing dfs the fit decreases but much more slowly than the chi square distribution. The fit of the log-normal distribution depends on the mean and the variance of the distribution. The variance has a much greater effect on the fit than does the mean. Larger values of both parameters result in better agreement with the law. The ratio of two log normal distributions is a log normal so this distribution was not examined.
Other distributions that have been examined include the Muth distribution, Gompertz distribution, Weibull distribution, gamma distribution, log-logistic distribution and the exponential power distribution all of which show reasonable agreement with the law.[23][28] The Gumbel distribution – a density increases with increasing value of the random variable – does not show agreement with this law.[28]
Distributions known to obey Benford's Law[edit]
Some well-known infinite integer sequences provably satisfy Benford's Law exactly (in the asymptotic limit as more and more terms of the sequence are included). Among these are the Fibonacci numbers,[29][30] the factorials,[31] the powers of 2,[32][33] and the powers of almost any other number.[32]
Likewise, some continuous processes satisfy Benford's Law exactly (in the asymptotic limit as the process continues longer and longer). One is an exponential growth or decay process: If a quantity is exponentially increasing or decreasing in time, then the percentage of time that it has each first digit satisfies Benford's Law asymptotically (i.e., more and more accurately as the process continues for more and more time).
Distributions known to not obey Benford's law[edit]
Square roots and reciprocals do not obey this law.[34] Other specific collections of numbers calculated to not obey this law include the 1974 Vancouver, Canada telephone book, where no number began with the digit 1, the populations of all places with population at least 2500 from five US states according to the 1960 and 1970 censuses, where only 19% began with digit 1 but 20% began with digit 2,[34] and the terminal digits in pathology reports.[35]
The lack of fit in these cases have known explanations:[34][35] the assignment of telephone numbers in an arbitrary manner, truncation of population size at 2500 inhabitants, and rounding of data.
Criteria for distributions expected and not expected to obey Benford's Law[edit]
A number of criteria—applicable particularly to accounting data—have been suggested where Benford's Law can be expected to apply and not to apply.[36]
Distributions that can be expected to obey Benford's Law[edit]
- When the mean is greater than median and the skew is positive
- Numbers that result from mathematical combination of numbers: e.g., quantity × price
- Transaction level data: e.g., disbursements, sales
Distributions that would not be expected to obey Benford's Law[edit]
- Where numbers are assigned sequentially: e.g., check numbers, invoice numbers
- Where numbers are influenced by human thought: e.g., prices set by psychological thresholds ($1.99)
- Accounts with a large number of firm-specific numbers: e.g., accounts set up to record $100 refunds
- Accounts with a built-in minimum or maximum
- Where no transaction is recorded
Moments of random variables for the digits 1 to 9 following this law have been calculated:[37]
For the first and second digit distribution these values are also known:[38]
A table of the expected values of the first two digits according to Benford's law is available,[38] as is the population correlation between the first and second digits:[38] ρ2 = 0.0561.
See also[edit]
- ^ a b Frank Benford (March 1938). "The law of anomalous numbers". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 78 (4): 551–572. JSTOR 984802. (subscription required)
- ^ a b Simon Newcomb (1881). "Note on the frequency of use of the different digits in natural numbers". American Journal of Mathematics (American Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 4, No. 1) 4 (1/4): 39–40. doi:10.2307/2369148. JSTOR 2369148. (subscription required)
- ^ a b Theodore P. Hill (1995). "A Statistical Derivation of the Significant-Digit Law" (PDF). Statistical Science 10: 354–363.
- ^ Roger S. Pinkham, On the Distribution of First Significant Digits, Ann. Math. Statist. Volume 32, Number 4 (1961), 1223-1230.
- ^ MathWorld – Benford's Law
- ^ a b Formann, A. K. (2010). "The Newcomb-Benford Law in Its Relation to Some Common Distributions". In Morris, Richard James. PLoS ONE 5 (5): e10541. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...510541F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010541. PMC 2866333. PMID 20479878.
- ^ Theodore P. Hill (July–August 1998). "The first digit phenomenon" (PDF). American Scientist 86 (4): 358. Bibcode:1998AmSci..86..358H. doi:10.1511/1998.4.358.
- ^ Élise Janvresse and Thierry de la Rue (2004), "From Uniform Distributions to Benford's Law", Journal of Applied Probability, 41 1203–1210 doi:10.1239/jap/1101840566 MR 2122815 preprint
- ^ Varian, Hal (1972). "Benford's Law (Letters to the Editor)". The American Statistician 26 (3): 65. doi:10.1080/00031305.1972.10478934.
- ^ a b Nigrini, Mark J. (May 1999). "I've Got Your Number:How a mathematical phenomenon can help CPAs uncover fraud and other irregulaities". Journal of Accountancy.
- ^ "From Benford to Erdös". Radio Lab. Episode 2009-10-09. 2009-09-30. http://www.wnyc.org/shows/radiolab/episodes/2009/10/09/segments/137643.
- ^ Stephen Battersby Statistics hint at fraud in Iranian election New Scientist 24 June 2009
- ^ Joseph Deckert, Mikhail Myagkov and Peter C. Ordeshook, (2010) The Irrelevance of Benford's Law for Detecting Fraud in Elections[dead link], Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project Working Paper No. 9
- ^ Charles R. Tolle, Joanne L. Budzien, and Randall A. LaViolette (2000) Do dynamical systems follow Benford?s Law?, Chaos 10, 2, pp.331–336 (2000); doi:10.1063/1.166498
- ^ Müller, Hans Christian: Greece Was Lying About Its Budget Numbers. Forbes. 12 September 2011.
- ^ Friar JL, Goldman T, Pérez-Mercader J (2012) Genome sizes and the benford distribution. PLoS One 7(5):e36624. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036624
- ^ Diekmann A (2007) Not the First Digit! Using Benford's Law to detect fraudulent scientific data. J Appl Stat 34 (3) 321–329, doi:10.1080/02664760601004940
- ^ a b Steven W. Smith. "The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing, chapter 34, Explaining Benford's Law". Retrieved 15 December 2012. (especially section 10).
- ^ a b c Fewster, R. M. (2009). "A simple explanation of Benford's Law". The American Statistician 63 (1): 26–32. doi:10.1198/tast.2009.0005
- ^ Note that if you have a regular probability distribution (on a linear scale), you have to multiply it by a certain function to get a proper probability distribution on a log scale: The log scale distorts the horizontal distances, so the height has to be changed also, in order for the area under each section of the curve to remain true to the original distribution. See, for example, [1]
- ^ Stephens, M. A. (1970). "Use of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Cramér–Von Mises and Related Statistics without Extensive Tables". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 32 (1): 115–122. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
- ^ a b c Morrow, J. (2010) "Benford's Law, Families of Distributions and a test basis", UW-Madison
- ^ a b Leemis, L. M.; Schmeiser, B. W.; Evans, D. L. (2000). "Survival distributions satisfying Benford's Law". The Amererican Statistician 54 (4): 236–241. doi:10.1080/00031305.2000.10474554.
- ^ Cho, W. K. T.; Gaines, B. J. (2007). "Breaking the (Benford) law: Statistical fraud detection in campaign finance". The Amererican Statistician 61 (3): 218–223. doi:10.1198/000313007X223496.
- ^ Nigrini, M. (1996). "A taxpayer compliance application of Benford's Law". J Amer Tax Assoc 18: 72–91.
- ^ Suh, I. S.; Headrick, T. C.; Minaburo, S. (2011). "An effective and efficient analytic technique: A bootstrap regression procedure and Benford's Law". J Forensic & Investigative Accounting 3 (3).
- ^ a b c Theodore P. Hill, "The Significant-Digit Phenomenon", The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 102, No. 4, (Apr., 1995), pp. 322–327. Official web link (subscription required). Alternate, free web link.
- ^ a b Dümbgen L, Leuenberger C (2008) "Explicit bounds for the approximation error in Benford's Law". Elect Comm in Probab, 13: 99–112 doi:10.1214/ECP.v13-1358
- ^ L. C. Washington, "Benford's Law for Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers", The Fibonacci Quarterly, 19.2, (1981), 175–177
- ^ R. L. Duncan, "An Application of Uniform Distribution to the Fibonacci Numbers", The Fibonacci Quarterly, 5, (1967), 137–140
- ^ P. B. Sarkar, "An Observation on the Significant Digits of Binomial Coefficients and Factorials", Sankhya B, 35, (1973), 363–364
- ^ a b In general, the sequence k1, k2, k3, etc., satisfies Benford's Law exactly, under the condition that log10 k is an irrational number. This is a straightforward consequence of the equidistribution theorem.
- ^ That the first 100 powers of 2 approximately satisfy Benford's Law is mentioned by Ralph Raimi. Ralph A. Raimi (1976) "The First Digit Problem", American Mathematical Monthly, 83 (7 ), 521–538
- ^ a b c Raimi RA (1976) "The first digit problem". American Mathematical Monthly, 83: 521–538
- ^ a b Beer TW (2009) "Terminal digit preference: beware of Benford's Law", J Clin Pathol 62: 192
- ^ Durtschi C, Hillison W, Pacini C (2004) "The effective use of Benford's Law to assist in detecting fraud in accounting data". J Forensic Accounting 5: 17–34
- ^ Scott, P.D.; Fasli, M. (2001) "Benford's Law: An empirical investigation and a novel explanation". CSM Technical Report 349, Department of Computer Science, Univ. Essex
- ^ a b c Suh I.S., Headrick T.C. (2010) "A comparative analysis of the bootstrap versus traditional statistical procedures applied to digital analysis based on Benford's Law", Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting 2(2) 144–175
Further reading[edit]
- "Benford's Law – from Wolfram MathWorld". Mathworld.wolfram.com. 14 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
- Mark J. Nigrini (2012). Benford's Law: Applications for Forensic Accounting, Auditing, and Fraud Detection. John Wiley & Sons. p. 330. ISBN 978-1-118-15285-0.
- Alessandro Gambini, Giovanni Mingari Scarpello, Daniele Ritelli et al. (2012). "Probability of digits by dividing random numbers: A ψ and ζ functions approach". Expositiones Mathematicae 30 (4): 223–238. doi:10.1016/j.exmath.2012.03.001.
- Sehity; Hoelzl, Erik; Kirchler, Erich (2005). "Price developments after a nominal shock: Benford's Law and psychological pricing after the euro introduction". International Journal of Research in Marketing 22 (4): 471–480. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2005.09.002.
- Nicolas Gauvrit, Jean-Paul Delahaye (2011). "Scatter and regularity implies Benford's Law...and more". Zenil: Randomness through computation: some answers, more questions. ISBN 9814327751: 58–69.
- Bernhard Rauch1, Max Göttsche, Gernot Brähler, Stefan Engel (August 2011). "Fact and Fiction in EU-Governmental Economic Data". German Economic Review 12 (3): 243–255. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0475.2011.00542.x.
- Wendy Cho and Brian Gaines (August 2007). "Breaking the (Benford) Law: statistical fraud detection in campaign finance". The American Statistician 61 (3): 218–223. doi:10.1198/000313007X223496.
- Geiringer, Hilda; Furlan, L. V. (1948). "The Law of Harmony in Statistics: An Investigation of the Metrical Interdependence of Social Phenomena. by L. V. Furlan". Journal of the American Statistical Association (American Statistical Association) 43 (242): 325–328. doi:10.2307/2280379. JSTOR 2280379.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Benford's law. |
General audience[edit]
- Benford Online Bibliography, an online bibliographic database on Benford's Law.
- Companion website for Benford's Law by Mark Nigrini Website includes 15 data sets, 10 Excel templates, photos, documents, and other miscellaneous items related to Benford's Law
- Following Benford's Law, or Looking Out for No. 1, 1998 article from The New York Times.
- A further five numbers: number 1 and Benford's law, BBC radio segment by Simon Singh
- From Benford to Erdös, Radio segment from the Radiolab program
- Looking out for number one by Jon Walthoe, Robert Hunt and Mike Pearson, Plus Magazine, September 1999
- Video showing Benford's Law applied to Web Data (incl. Minnesota Lakes, US Census Data and Digg Statistics)
- An illustration of Benford's Law, showing first-digit distributions of various sequences evolve over time, interactive.
- Generate your own Benford numbers A script for generating random numbers compliant with Benford's Law.
- Testing Benford's Law An open source project showing Benford's Law in action against publicly available datasets.
- Mould, Steve. "Number 1 and Benford's Law". Numberphile. Brady Haran.
- A third of property values begin with a 1 An example of Benford's Law appearing in house price data.
More mathematical[edit]
- Weisstein, Eric W., "Benford's Law", MathWorld.
- Benford's law, Zipf's law, and the Pareto distribution by Terence Tao
- Country Data and Benford's Law, Benford's Law from Ratios of Random Numbers at Wolfram Demonstrations Project.
- Benford's Law Solved with Digital Signal Processing
- Interactive graphic: Univariate Distribution Relationships


text:
Friday, March 7, 2014 | 3:48 a.m.
Hi, (not you?) | Member Center | Sign Out
Posted: 9:50 p.m. Wednesday, Dec. 23, 2009
By Jamie Dupree
As the Senate gets ready to finish work on its version of health care reform, we may as well take some time review what is in this bill, since the debate has unfortunately glossed over much of the fine print in this over 2,000 page measure.
Like the House bill, the Senate bill requires Americans to buy health insurance
There is not a specific "employer mandate" in the bill requiring businesses to buy insurance for their workers, but businesses could be hit with a penalty for providing limited health benefits
Subsidies would be made available to families and individuals to help with the cost of insurance. Aid would be provided to families making up to $88,000/year and individuals making up to $44,000/year (400% of the poverty level).
The Senate bill has penalties for those who do not buy insurance, with a phased in cost of $750 per person up to 2% of a person's income.
The Senate does not have a public insurance option, but it would allow for national plans that would be managed by the agency that runs the government's health care plan for federal workers.
Like the House bill, this measure would not allow insurance companies to deny coverage because of pre-existing medical conditions
Limits on the amount of benefits would also be banned
As for how the bill is paid for, I will list the major items, but you can read through the review by the Joint Committee on Taxation, a non-partisan committee in Congress that reviews revenue issues at http://bit.ly/3ItamG .
$149 billion from a 40% tax on high value health care plans - $8,500 for individual and $23,000 for family, indexed to inflation
$87 billion by raising the Medicare payroll tax on individuals making more than $200,000/year and couples making more than $250,000/year
$60 billion by imposing annual fees on health insurance providers
You can look at the rest of the revenue provisions yourself, which would bring in $398.1 billion over ten years.
© 2014 Cox Media Group. By using this website,
you accept the terms of our Visitor Agreement and Privacy Policy, and understand your options regarding Ad Choices.
This station is part of Cox Media Group Television
Already have an account? Sign In
{* #registrationForm *} {* traditionalRegistration_displayName *} {* traditionalRegistration_emailAddress *} {* traditionalRegistration_password *} {* traditionalRegistration_passwordConfirm *}Already have an account? Sign In
{* #registrationFormBlank *} {* registration_firstName *} {* registration_lastName *} {* traditionalRegistration_displayName *} {* traditionalRegistration_emailAddressBlank *} {* registration_birthday *} {* registration_gender *} {* registration_postalZip *} {* traditionalRegistration_passwordBlank *} {* traditionalRegistration_passwordConfirmBlank *} {* agreeToTerms *}We have sent you a confirmation email. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account.
We look forward to seeing you frequently. Visit us and sign in to update your profile, receive the latest news and keep up to date with mobile alerts.
Don't worry, it happens. We'll send you a link to create a new password.
{* #forgotPasswordForm *} {* forgotPassword_emailAddress *}We have sent you an email with a link to change your password.
We've sent an email with instructions to create a new password. Your existing password has not been changed.
To sign in you must verify your email address. Fill out the form below and we'll send you an email to verify.
{* #resendVerificationForm *} {* resendVerification_emailAddress *}Check your email for a link to verify your email address.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Assist Trophy
"Assist Trophies allow you to enjoy even more characters who couldn't quite make it as playable fighters. You may even see some that only the most dedicated fans will recognize, so you'll have to look forward to them." The Assist Trophy is an item in Super Smash Bros. Brawl. It calls forth a random character to assist the player who used the item, similar to the Poké Ball item. This is unique in that that the character released is from an actual Nintendo or 3rd Party series, but isn't playable. As a result, it introduces characters who couldn't make the cut as playable fighters. Almost all characters that come out of the Assist Trophy are invincible. Players must be on the ground to summon an Assist Trophy's character. If a player is attacked and sent flying after grabbing the Assist Trophy, but before breaking it open, they must land before they can call forth the Assist Trophy's character. Only one Assist Trophy can appear at a time, unlike Poké Balls. Assist Trophies have been confirmed to return in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U. ContentsList of Assist Characters[edit]Super Smash Bros. Brawl[edit]Default Assist Characters[edit]
Unlockable Assist Characters[edit]
Super Smash Bros. for Wii U[edit]
Super Smash Bros. Brawl Trophy Information[edit]Assist Trophy Artwork[edit]
Name in other languages[edit]


text:
The highs and lows of the past 12 months cover the world
Perhaps more than any other year 2011 was a year of extremes. The good stories were great and the bad stories were really bad. Here are the international stories that had the greatest impact over this last calendar year.1. Yaroslavl tragedyTime will never overpower the memory of September 7, 2011, when a plane carrying the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl hockey team crashed, killing all 44 people aboard but one. It was the greatest loss of life in hockey history. Symbolic of the international makeup of just about every top team in the world, the Yaroslavl team boasted players from nine countries. Truly, the entire hockey world was affected by the loss of life.2. Granlunds lacrosse goalFriday, May 13, 2011 was a date to remember for all the right reasons. In the Finland-Russia semi-finals of the IIHF World Championship, in Bratislava, Suomis Mikael Granlund swept the puck onto his stick in behind the Russian goal and in one lacrosse-style motion whipped the puck into the net as goalie Konstantin Barulin watched helplessly out of the corner of his eye. One of the most spectacular goals in World Championship play, it became a postage stamp in Finland over the summer.3. Canada collapses as Russia ignitesThe 2011 IIHF World U20 Championship was going along just as expected. Played in Buffalo in what amounted to a home arena, the Canadians cruised into the gold medal game and then built an impressive 3-0 lead after two periods against Russia. After winning five in a row, they had lost in 2010 to the Americans in the finals, but now they were set to reclaim top spot. Except that in the third period, they suffered an historic collapse while the Russians orchestrated a monumental comeback, scoring five times and winning gold.4. Crosby highlights concussion troublesThe calendar year 2011 couldnt have started more horribly when Sidney Crosby, the most dynamic player in the world, suffered a concussion in the NHLs outdoor game and, after one more game, never played again for nearly eleven months. Worse, just eight games after returning, he suffered another concussion on a play that indicated minimal contact. Yet Crosby was one of only dozens of top stars to suffer head injuries, bringing to the very forefront the severity of the problem of dirty hitting (head shots), fighting, and all other causes of concussions.5. Teemu Selänne still shining at 40The Finnish Flash set a record of 76 goals and 132 points as a rookie in 1992-93 with the original Winnipeg Jets and he seemed to think 2010-11 would be his last season in the NHL. Then, the 40-year-old went out and scored 31 goals and 80 points in 73 games, and reconsidered. After signing for another season with Anaheim, Selänne finds himself in the top ten in scoring again in 2011-12 at age 41. Why should this season be his final one any more than last? One more year!6. Finland strikes World Championship goldThere was nothing particularly intimidating or awe-inspiring by coach Jukka Jalonens roster for the 2011 IIHF World Championship, but he managed to do what any coach hopes see improvement in his team as the tournament progresses. The Finns lost 2-1 to the Czechs in the Preliminary Round, but then won three in a row to qualify for the quarter-finals. An easy 4-1 win over Norway was followed by a resounding 3-0 shutdown of the Russians, but in the finals they faced nemesis Sweden. Tre Kronor held a 1-0 lead after scoring midway through the second period and appeared in control, but Jarkko Immonen tied the game with just seven seconds left in the middle period, on a power play. That gave the Finns confidence, and they blitzed Sweden in the third, scoring five unanswered goals to win only their second World Championship gold (after 1995).7. The Ovechkin ProblemAlexander the Great became Alexander the Good. The Great 8 became the Good 8, and the world looked in puzzlement by the extended slump of the player who once battled tooth and nail with Crosby for title of worlds greatest player. Not only did Ovechkin fail to deliver a great playoff run for the Washington Capitals in the spring of 2011, but he contributed nada for his country at the Worlds, recording zero points in five games and finishing in fourth place. Incredibly, he had 23 shots but not one goal. His start to the 2011-12 NHL season has been equally disappointing. Alex where are you?8. Zdeno Chara leads Bruins to CupThe hulking Slovak defenceman who climbs Mount Everest and wrestles his father just for kicks captained the Boston Bruins to their first Stanley Cup in 39 years in the spring of 2011. The 34-year-old was a tower of strength for Boston all year and became only the second European captain ever to win the Cup.9. U.S. women dominateCanadas women may have won the Olympic gold three years running, but in between it looks like the Americans have established themselves as the team to beat in Sochi. The difference between the teams is usually one goal, but the results have gone to the U.S. more often than not in the last few years. At the senior level, they beat Canada in overtime, 3-2, for their third straight Womens World Championship title, while in U18 play they won, 5-2, their third gold in four years.10. Jagr returns to NHL good as everWhen Czech star Jaromir Jagr left the NHL for the KHL in 2008, he was 36 years old and everyone realistically thought he was retiring to a quieter league for a good payday before calling it quits for good. But Jagr enjoyed the KHL and played well, and he was one of the stars of the 2011 IIHF World Championship, notably scoring a hat trick against the United States. Jagr decided he still had a passion for the NHL. He signed a two-year contract with the Philadelphia Flyers in the summer of 2011 at age 39 and has picked up where he left off, producing a point a game through the first third of the schedule.ANDREW PODNIEKS


text:
Search Result
Search Tags: veterinarian
5 tips to save money on pets
Food, medicine, vet care, treats and toys can add up to quite the bill at the end of the month. Dr. Katy Nelson shares five tips to save money on pet care.
Tags: pets, pet care, save money, Omama Altaleb
Rabies scare urges pet owners into action
After a growing number of rabies cases have been reported in the area, pet owners want to know how to keep their cats and dogs safe from the deadly virus.
Tags: rabies, Dr. Pawz, paula wolfson, pets
Dogs can give blood too (VIDEO)
Dogs can save the lives of four other canines with one donation of blood. A veterinary blood bank in Purcellville provides dog blood nationwide.
How hot does the inside of a car get?
In a video that's gotten thousands of views in the past few days, veterinarian Ernie Ward put himself in a parked car on a breezy 95-degree day to find out.
Dr. Pawz: Preventing mosquitoes, ticks in your pets
Did you know that dogs can be bitten by as many as 500 mosquitoes per day in peak season? The good news is, you can protect your pet.
Tags: Katy Nelson, Dr. Pawz, flea, ticks, preventative medication, pets
Ask Dr. Pawz: How do you heal a dog's recurring eye infection?
Dr. Pawz advises on fixing a recurring eye infection and getting an indoor urination problem checked in this week's dog-focused column.
Tags: Dogs, spay, spay or neuter, Dr. Pawz, pets, Ask Dr. Pawz, Katy Nelson
Amid horse meat concerns, lawmakers introduce legislation to stop horse slaughter
Members of Congress and national animal welfare groups introduced the Safeguard American Food Exports Act of 2013, which would prohibit horse slaughter operations in the United States.
Tags: horse meat, Congress, Dr. Pawz, Katy Nelson
Ask Dr. Pawz: What is the best age to neuter a dog?
In this week's Dr. Pawz, Katy Nelson explains the best age to neuter or spay a pet and how to prevent a cat from having accidents outside a litter box.
Tags: Dogs, cats, neuter, Dr. Pawz, pets, Ask Dr. Pawz, Katy Nelson
Md. veterinarian living childhood dream
Most children have an idea of what they want to be when they grow up -- whether it's an astronaut, baseball player or doctor -- but few get to live out that childhood dream. Laura Page Warden, veterinarian and co-owner of the Green Valley Animal Hospital in Ijamsville, is one of those lucky few.
Tags: pets, ijamsville, Md.
Ask Dr. Pawz: How to get a lazy, fat cat to lose weight?
In this week's Ask Dr. Pawz, Katy Nelson shares what you can do to get your cat to lose weight and how to tell the age of an adopted pet.
Tags: pets, puppies, cats, Dogs, diet, animal shelter, Washington Humane Society, Dr. Pawz, Katy Nelson


text:
Anchorage School District students made their presidential choices Tuesday as part of a civics exercise, voting on an unofficial abbreviated version of the Alaska ballot while their parents also went to the polls.
ASD spokesperson Heidi Embley says 14,230 elementary, middle and high school students -- about a 29 percent turnout from the district's stated enrollment of 48,816 students -- participated in Youth Vote 2012. The mock election, coordinated by the League of Women Voters, is meant to educate students about the electoral process and foster participation in democracy.
President Obama won the presidential poll with about 57 percent of the student vote versus GOP challenger Mitt Romney's roughly 36 percent. Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson netted 4 percent of the vote, while Green candidate Jill Stein received just under 2 percent.
Rep. Don Young garnered about 61 percent of the student vote, a landslide over Democratic challenger and state Rep. Sharon Cissna's 25 percent. Non-affiliated candidate Ted Gianoutsos received just over 6.5 percent of the vote, a hair ahead of Libertarian candidate Jim McDermott.
A narrow majority of students were in favor of convening a constitutional convention, with roughly 52 percent backing the idea and 47 percent against it.
Many of the ballot items before adults Tuesday were omitted from the Youth Vote version, including races for 59 of the state Legislature's 60 seats, a total of $453 million in state transportation bonds, and more than a dozen retention elections for state judges.
"Both Principals and Teachers did a wonderful job this year encouraging students to participate," Embley wrote in a statement on the vote. "It is so very important that our youth learn to be (engaged citizens)."
One question that isn't before voters in Tuesday's general election was on the Youth Vote ballot: "Should the voting age be lowered to 16 for local elections?" Students said yes, with 51 percent of the vote for the idea and 49 percent against it.
Contact Chris Klint


text:
Reviews, reviews, reviews...
FreakScore is a weighted average of all aggregated professional and user review scores. Read more
This product has a FreakScore of 7.4 out of 10 based on 9 scores.
BenQ's SP820 is a superb choice for those who need a XGA project Read more
Best Price at Amazon


text:
Plumasnews.com includes a sampling of stories that are featured in the weekly editions of Feather Publishing newspapers plus important breaking news as it happens. To get all the news that is important to Plumas County, subscribe to one of our weekly newspapers by calling 530-283-0800. |
Summer is officially over now and Plumas County's fabulous fall color show is about to start! The Plumas County Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Council is carrying on the annual Awesome Autumn promotion started by the Plumas County Visitors Bureau years ago.
This promotion has helped increase tourism throughout the county and brought worldwide exposure to local forests and communities. A huge market of nature-oriented tourists and photographers is continuing to bring revenue to the county.
The service provided by the Awesome Autumn website link via plumascounty.org includes daily leaf-peeper reports, fall photography tips, fall events and special offers on seasonal lodging and shopping.
The blog helps keep Plumas County at the top or very high up on search engine result lists when prospective visitors search for fall foliage viewing sites in California.
Facebook and Twitter posts help carry the message to groups of people already familiar with Plumas County. The reports are also passed along to other websites specializing in fall color throughout the Sierra Nevada.
The Tourism Council maintains the blog, but depends on local residents, businesses and returning visitors to witness and report on the color-changing process. Reports and photos can be emailed to firstname.lastname@example.com or posted on facebook.com/plumascounty. Reports should ideally include type of foliage, color, location, directions (if needed) and an estimate of color development: 100 percent (peak), 50 to 75 percent (moderate) or something less than that.
Those submitting reports are also asked to include their name and any interesting detail they'd like to add, such as a beautiful walk, an event, a fishing trip, etc.
Leaf-peeper reports also should be made as soon as possible following the experience in order to keep the blog up to date. The council needs reports from any and all locations throughout the county and region — so ventures out into the forest are encouraged!
The council also invites business people to pass on stories of fall colors they hear from their customers — with permission, of course. Two of the regular leaf-peeper contributors to the blog, Joe Willis and Richard McCutcheon, have already sent early foliage reports. Look for more at plumascounty.org.
- Drought recovery begins in Almanor
- Hospital seeks ways to see more Medi-Cal dental patients
- Plumas Arts presents photography from three perspectives
- California Outdoors for the week of 3/6/2014
- Remember When for the week of 3/14/2014
- Wife pleads guilty to 2011 murder of Susanville police officer
- Obituaries for the week of 3/7/2014
- Rec and Tech views fiber optics as another county attribute
- County continues to work on wildfire preparedness
- Remember When for the week of 3/7/2014
Sports Headlines
Chester girls lose final game of season
James Wilson
Sports Editor
"Well, we didn't really play that well the first half," said Chester girls' basketball coach John Potter on the Lady...
Tigers' season ends with loss to Modoc
James Wilson
Sports Editor
Portola, the No. 11 seed in the Division V basketball playoffs, traveled to sixth-seeded Modoc last Wednesday to compete in...
Special turkey hunting opportunities offered in CDFW's North Central Region
Feather Publishing 3/7/2014 Hunters seeking opportunities during the upcoming spring turkey season can visit the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Upland...
Read More...


text:
Shop Brands
Shop Departments
Track My Order
My Shopping Lists
Previous Orders
My Account
Beds and Cots
Behavior Aids
Body Care +
Brushes & Combs
Bowls and Pails
Clippers & Blades +
Coat Care +
Dryers +
-Metro Dryers
-K9 Dryers
-Double K Dryers
-Chris Christensen Kool Dry & Kool Pup Dryers
-Andis Dryers
-B-Air Dryers
Flea & Tick
Groomer Shop Supplies+
Grooming Tools +
Hair Accessories+
Health & Wellness +
Leads & Leashes
Odor & Stain +
Play Pens
Ramps and Stairs
Scissors & Shears +
Senior Products
Shampoo & Conditioner
Tables & Related +
Training Items
Travel Gear +
Toys and Treats+
Cat Products+
International Voltage Products
Special Deals
Gift Certificates
Holiday/Gift Ideas
Grooming Supplies Info
Grooming Products
Grooming Supply Brands
Dog Related Sites
Dog Rescues
Site Map
Dryers +
Metro - Air Force Quick Draw, compact & powerful hand held pet dryer, 110 Volt
Metro - Air Force Quick Draw, compact & powerful hand held pet dryer, 110 Volt
<< Previous in Dryers +
Next in Dryers + >>
View Larger Image
See Reviews
Regular Price:
Your Price:
Item Number:
Add to a new shopping list
Email this page to a friend
Air Force Quick Draw
dog dryer is a compact, powerful hand held pet dryer that is small enough to take on the road yet strong enough to use in the shop to dry off a large long haired dog in minutes! At just over 3 pounds the compact all steel Quick Draw produces a large volume of warm air to dry all pets quickly and thoroughly.
Key Features:
- Construction: Sturdy all steel
- Motor: 1.3 Peak HP
- Air Volume: 160 mph/85 CFM
- Air Speed: 18,000 FPM
- Amps: 8 - Volts: 120
- Watts: 950
- Weight: Just over 3 pounds
To save money on shipping, unit ships from manufacturer. Allow up to 10 days for delivery.
Product Reviews
Rate This Product:
Create a Review
(1 Rating, 1 Review)
Average Rating:
Great little machine with a lot of power
Donna Hayes
(Winter Garden, FL)
I wanted a dryer to take to shows that had the force but not so bulky, well this is the ticket. I can hang it on my grooming hook, out of the way and off the floor. Drys fast and has a warm air blow. Worth the money.
Your cart is empty.


text:
This skilled communicator brings important topics to a level of easy understanding for every Christian. Includes a booklet, hardcover book and four DVDs.
Dr. Jason Lisle debunks the most widely accepted evolutionary ideas about astronomy. Readers are given solid answers to many questions, including the speed of light, the big bang, extra terrestrials, the reliability of the Bible, and more.
There is compelling evidence that dinosaurs lived relatively recently—and were documented by people and various nations! In this presentation, Dr. Lisle shows how to understand dinosaurs through "biblical glasses."
Dr. Jason Lisle systematically dismantles Darwin's claims and shows that the very things Darwin used to propagate his beliefs actually undermine them! Also refutes the dating methods most commonly used to support the evolutionary timeline.
What's the real age of the universe? Does the Bible teach the earth is round? What does the Bible say about the big bang? Simple, understandable answers from an astrophysicist!
Dr. Jason Lisle shows viewers that when the evidence of nature is understood properly, it lines up perfectly with the clear teachings of Scripture.
How does light from the most distant galaxies reach Earth within the biblical timescale? In this DVD, astrophysicist Dr. Jason Lisle shows that distant starlight in a young universe is not a problem for God.
In this intriguing and informative collection, astrophysicist Dr. Jason Lisle reveals that true science, dinosaurs, and the field of astronomy confirm the truth of the Bible. This skilled communicator brings these important topics to a level of easy understanding for every Christian. Booklet, hardcover book and 4 DVDs.


text:
Symphony Space/Leonard Nimoy Thalia Theatre
250 W. 95th Street,
New York,
12 people favorited this theater
This classic art house opened in 1931 as a 299-seat neighborhood movie house on Manhattan's Upper West Side.
By the 1960's, the Thalia Theatre had become an intellectual staple for the community (and even appeared in Woody Allen's "Annie Hall") . It remained popular until it closed in 1987.
The Thalia opened a lower Manhattan theater (called the Thalia SOHO) to satisfy the need for indie and art house pictures, but it found little success and eventually closed.
Today, Symphony Space, an arts and cultural organization is bringing the Thalia Theatre back to life by incorporating the old theater into its newly redesigned complex.
Recent comments (view all 110 comments)
No luck yet. I asked my Mother who also worked the Box Office on occasion and she hasn't got anything. I'll try a few more places. I'm anxious to find something also. It would bring back some fond memories. I'll keep in touch if I find something.
The Village Voice carried ads for the Thalia back in the sixties. It may take some google archive searching but this issue, for example, shows "THE TITAN", "THE IDIOT", "THE ETERNAL MASK", "ONE POTATO, TWO POTATO", "THE NIGHT WATCH", "BLACK ORPHEUS", "LAST YEAR AT MARIENBAD", ANIMAL FARM", "CHARLIE CHAPLIN SHORTS", "THE LEOPARD", "NIGHT AND FOG", "THE LAW", and "THE DOLL" one week in July 1965.
I remember it well. I saw all of them since they were played every year, however, if I have any Programs(s) at all, I'm not hopeful that it would go back to '65. Keep in touch…..
LesW — I have a full program schedule from the Thalia's summer festival from 1969. It's good, totally readable. Do you want me to scan it and send it to you? Or photocopy and mail it to you? Let me know.
That would be wonderful! If you can scan it and email it to me I would be most appreciative. My email address is Happy New Year!
Malcolm Leo's documentary "The Beach Boys: An American Band" (1985) showed here. Janet Maslin reviewed the film in the November 22, 1985 edition of The New York Times.
Isaiah Sheffer, a founder of Symphony Space, has died at the age of 76: nytimes
I remember meeting Richard Schwartz when he was operating the Thalia. What a passionate person when it came to film. He had a bed in a storage area so I assumed he must have camped out in the cinema. I remember the old screen speaker ( Western Electric? ) in use….he said it was cheaper to keep it running than to endure the labor cost to replace it.
I was wondering if anyone has an old Thalia Theater program that can be scanned and emailed to me. Thanks
Just login to your account and subscribe to this theater


text:
Bus and Rail Service To and From RDU
Raleigh-Durham International Airport is located in the center of the Research Triangle Region. Triangle Transit Route 100 provides public bus service from RDU to its Regional Transit Center, where riders can connect to bus routes throughout the region.
At RDU, pick up Triangle Transit service outside Terminal 1 and on the lower level outside bag claim at Terminal 2.
Train and Bus Service
Passengers who need to connect to national bus and/or train service can arrange transportation through RDU Taxi or one of our transportation service providers. Bus and rail stations are located in Cary, Raleigh and Durham.
Provider Name |
Provider Location |
Phone Number |
Trains |
Raleigh |
(800) 872-7245 |
Regional Buses |
Durham, Raleigh, Chapel Hill, RTP |
(919) 485-7433 |
Intercity Buses |
Durham, Raleigh |
(800) 231-2222 |


text:
News » Archives | VALPOATHLETICS.COM |
2009 Women's Soccer Year in Review
Related Links
Wednesday, December 16, 2009 11-9-1 Overall (5-3 Horizon League/3rd Place)
This Year in Crusader Soccer: Valparaiso posted its highest finish since joining the Horizon League with an 11-9-1 overall record and a 5-3 mark in conference play to finish third during the regular season. The Crusaders advanced to their first Horizon League Tournament championship match before falling to Milwaukee 4-0. |
News Categories


text:
Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
If you are reading this message, Please click this link to reload this page.(Do not use your browser's "Refresh" button). Please email us if you're running the latest version of your browser and you still see this message.
Newegg.com - Computer Parts, Laptops, Electronics, HDTVs, Digital Cameras and More!
This classic leather case has a timeless design.
Beautifully crafted and framed for durability, the Doctor's Carriage bag offers three spacious sectional compartments. Choose from black or brown colors.
Features include:
Top-grain cowhide leather exterior
Three spacious inner compartments
Three pen holders, cell phone pocket
PDA case pocket, four card slots
Zippered interior security pocket
Exterior rear pocket, snap closure
Removable, adjustable leather shoulder strap
Ergonomic shoulder pad
Padded leather carry handle, two snap closures
Matte-finished nickel hardware, combination lock
This bag weights 5.1 lbs
Dimensions: 17 in L x 13.5 in H x 6 in W
Filter Results |
Excellent value Doctors BagThis review is from: Leather Doctor's Carriage Bag (#1842-02) Pros: Good strong leather, good findings, plenty of space Cons: Dividers inside bag can prevent some larger objects, but these can be removed with a bit of work (Deviders sewn in, we cut a divider out without appearing to impact the bags integrity) Did you find this review helpful? |


text:
[Seoul = Whowired] 4 October 2011 – SK Telecom (NYSE: SKM) today announced the launch of a pilot test for Smart Cart in Korea with E-Mart, the nation's largest retail chain. The test, conducted to make the service stronger by identifying areas of further improvement, takes place at the E-Mart store located in Seongsu-dong, Seoul.
Smart Cart is an innovative service that uses a smartphone and a smart shopping cart equipped with tablet PC to offer diverse shopping-related information based on accurate indoor positioning technology. After downloading the Smart Cart application to their smartphones, customers can search for shopping/discount information, store coupons and draw up a shopping list. Then at supermarkets or retail stores, the customer's smartphone is synchronized with a tablet PC installed to a smart shopping cart through user authentication. Within the stores, depending on their location, customers can get useful information – e.g. catalogue, product information, discount information, etc. – and receive coupons using augmented reality technology. At the checkout counter, the tablet screen shows the list of purchased items, membership points and available coupons.
Indoor positioning technology uses both UWB and Zigbee to offer location information within error range of one meter and diverse real-time information updates appear on screen of tablet PCs attached to shopping carts via Wi-Fi networks.
Smart Cart is expected to realize a truly personalized, smart shopping service once integrated with the customer relations management (CRM)-related information including the E-mart customers' purchase history and usage patterns. Customers will enjoy greater convenience through location-based information of products they wish to purchase, improved access to all available discounts, and a more personalized experience through product recommendations given upon their shopping history. Also, both retailers and their suppliers can execute targeted in-store marketing plans and effectively advertise their products at the point of purchase through various promotions. Data can be utilized for measuring results and devising new marketing plans. Moreover, retailers and brands can secure a new communication channel with customers and provide more satisfying shopping experiences and solidify customer retention and loyalty.
J.H. Park, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer at E-Mart said, "Smart Cart will provide an opportunity for both E-Mart and SK Telecom to make a leap forward as it is expected to deliver new value to customers by offering new products and services that integrate E-Mart's distribution channel and SK Telecom's telecommunication services. E-Mart, together with SK Telecom, will make efforts to play the leading role in this new upcoming market."
Bae Joon-Dong, President of Network Operations Business at SK Telecom said, "Smart Cart will provide customers with a whole new shopping experience. Based on strong cooperative relationship with E-Mart, SK Telecom will shape Smart Cart into an innovative service that offers greater convenience and benefits to all stakeholders including shoppers, retailers and their suppliers, thereby building a new valuable ecosystem."
In July 2011, SK Telecom conducted the first pilot test for Smart Cart at the Shanghai store of Shanghai Lotus Supermarket Chain Store Co., Ltd. According to the results of the pilot test, 76.2 percent of respondents who used Smart Cart said that they were satisfied with the useful information and convenient shopping service offered by Smart Cart. Moreover, Smart Cart users showed 14 percent higher brand interest and 15.3 percent greater purchase intention compared to regular shopping cart users.
Looking forward, SK Telecom will work closely with Korean retailers to develop Smart Cart business models, while devising additional measures to strengthen its marketability.
About SK Telecom
SK Telecom (NYSE: SKM, KSE: 017670) is Korea's leading telecommunications provider with more than 26 million subscribers, which accounts for more than 50% of the total market. The company established in 1984, reached KRW 12.46 trillion in revenue in 2010. SK Telecom was the first to launch and commercialize CDMA, CDMA 2000 1x, CDMA EV-DO and HSDPA networks, and it currently provides cellular, wireless internet, mobile media, global roaming service and more. For more information, please visit www.sktelecom.com or email to email@example.com.
Media Contact:
Lauren H. Kim
SK Telecom Co. Ltd.
(822) 6100-3830
Irene Kim
SK Telecom Co. Ltd.
(822) 6100-3834


text:
The Commonwealth Fund produces more than 100 publications a year, all free and most listed in PubMed. We also produce several newsletters, including The Commonwealth Fund Connection, designed to keep our audience up-to-date on Fund research and publications, and an online Annual Report. Our author guidelines are also available.
December 19, 2013 - This issue brief analyzes filings for rate increases of 10 percent or more that took effect between July 2012 and June 2013, and were for products covering at least 150 people. The findings indicate that medical costs were the main drivers of these larger increases, based both on increasing use of medical services and higher unit prices.
March 4, 2014 - This new, photo-rich Commonwealth Fund feature, "'Now I Can Sleep at Night': Stories of Finding Health Coverage in the Affordable Care Act's Marketplaces," shares the stories of Americans who have found peace of mind and stronger financial security through the new insurance marketplaces.
February 28, 2014 - The financial burden borne by patients for treatment of diabetes has decreased. Patients' out-of-pocket spending on prescription medications dropped from $1,095 over the period 2001 to 2003 to $763 over 2007 to 2009, largely because of a shift from brand-name drugs to generics.
February 25, 2014 - In this study, Commonwealth Fund–supported researchers surveyed practices participating in the Southeastern Pennsylvania Chronic Care initiative, one of the earliest and largest multipayer medical home pilots in the United States, to examine the quality care delivered, use of medical services, and the costs of care.
February 13, 2014 - Commonwealth Fund–supported researchers examined the provision of mental health and substance-use disorder (MH/SUD) treatments—typically undertreated in primary care—by ACOs.


text:
Spay Day '99 sets records
More than 400 Snohomish and Island County cats and dogs were spayed and neutered February 23 thanks to PAWS and Whidbey Animal Improvement Foundation's Spay Day '99. Thirty-six veterinary clinics participated in this year's event. PAWS Companion Animal Advocate Kay Joubert helped lead this year's record-breaking effort. The 421 surgeries were 72 more than last year. The 36 participating clinics were 9 more clinics than last year. Special recognition goes to six clinics who performed 20 or more surgeries: Companion Pet Clinic & Wildlife Care Center, Cascade Veterinary Center, Vets for Less (Lynnwood), Silver Lake Veterinary Clinic, Broadway Animal Hospital, and Alpine View Veterinary Clinic. We know kids love animals and want to help - now there is a special club just for PAWS friends 15 and under. Yearly membership is only $10 – and it includes an official PAWS membership card, your own subscription to PAWS News, a window decal and a package on how to help animals at your school or neighborhood. For more information write to: PAWS KIDS, PO Box 1037, Lynnwood WA 98046-1037 or phone Robbin at (425) 787-2500 extension 807. PAWS infrequently receives donations of used automobiles and we would like to make the program more successful through advertising and coordination. We require a volunteer to coordinate the program and be responsible for the following duties: - Return calls to people interested in donating automobiles (this can be done from home) - Evaluate the auto (is it worth the time/money to transfer the title and sell?) - Arrange for transfer (emission tests, get registered in PAWS name, etc.) - Arrange for sale (place ads, put on consignment lot, etc.) - Follow-up If you are interested in helping PAWS make money to help animals, and could dedicate 2 to 3 hours a week to coordinate our auto program, please e-mail email@example.com or call Robbin Peterson at (425) 787-2500 ext. 807. PAWS has endorsed an initiative that would make it legal to post handbills and posters on utility poles in the city of Seattle. PAWS is concerned that the current law, which prevents Seattle residents from posting lost dog and cat notices, might be contributing to the number homeless companion animals. For more information about the initiative, visit the Free Speech Seattle web site at www.freespeechseattle.org. The PAWS Preferred Realtor Program helps match animal-friendly real estate agents with PAWS members and supporters. The agents have committed a percentage of their commission to PAWS—they just need you as a client! The program is very personalized: we'll match you with an agent for your area who is experienced with your type of property. Already have an agent? Call PAWS anyway; we can send your realtor a package about joining the program—either for this transaction, or for future referrals too! Call PAWS Director of Development, Robbin Peterson (425) 787-2500 extension 807. Recently, the King County Land Conservancy joined forces with its Snohomish counterpart and is now known as the Land Conservancy, serving King and Snohomish Counties. The Land Conservancy provides the essential service of acquiring, rehabilitating and protecting essential wildlife habitat. Land Conservancy Director Carol Koppleman is enthusiastic about continuing the mutually beneficial relationship between her organization and PAWS. Wildlife rehabilitated at the PAWS Wildlife Center has been released in Land Conservancy habitat, helping ensure a successful return to the wild. If you have land to donate, PAWS encourages you to contact the Land Conservancy at (206) 292-5907. PAWS has several volunteer openings available for Internet-savvy PAWS supporters. Help PAWS by compiling and inputting onto the web info and photos of our shelter's companion animals. This position requires a once-a-week commitment on the PAWS campus of about 2 hours. Applicants must have experience using Netscape Navigator. Are you Internet-savvy but would rather volunteer from home? PAWS is looking for people to browse Washington state news sites on the Internet. This position requires a once-a-week commitment of about 1-2 hours. An initial orientation will take place on the PAWS campus, but all of the work will be done from home. Applicants must be very comfortable with Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer, have web access from home, and have e-mail access. Interested? Apply on-line at www.paws.org/support/volunteer/ or call Janet Hausdorfer at PAWS, (425) 787-2500 ext. 829. Do you have a used car, in working condition, that you don't want or need anymore? PAWS accepts donations of automobiles, provides you with a tax receipt of your gift, and sells the cars to make money for the animals! You could help save animals' lives just by giving us something you don't need! The auto must run, and is subject to review by our Development Department. Call Robbin at (425) 787-2500 ext. 807 for more information. PAWS needs volunteers to pick up free cat litter once a week or month at the Bellevue Safeway Distribution Center and bring it to PAWS. Safeway puts out the free litter weekday evenings after 5 PM. The center is located near the 520/405 interchange. Volunteers need a pick-up truck, sport utility vehicle, or mini-van, and be able to lift 40-pound bags. The bags are torn and need to be taped up prior to transporting. PAWS will provide the tape! Volunteers can bring the litter the same evening or next morning—whatever your schedule allows. Call Janet Hausdorfer at PAWS, (425) 787-2500 ext. 829. Help PAWS end the senseless Omak Stampede Suicide Race held each summer in Omak, Washington. PAWS Advocacy's Mike Jones is looking for PAWS supporters to become Suicide Erasers and work towards ending the race. E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com to join.
Back to Issue 41 Contents
Back to PAWS Magazine Issues


text:
Barking Cat Have you ever seen a cat barking at a bird or chipmunk? Its pretty funny! 1/27/2006 12:00:00 AM 951,681
Cat Fan This poor cat gets caught on the fan and spun around for a while. 1/1/2005 12:00:00 AM 563,830
Sportka Cat Commercial Here was a commercial that got banned in the UK because it was too violent. (Its fake) 1/1/2005 12:00:00 AM 349,708
Adopt Pinky The Cat Here's a back in the day replay for you: Does anyone want to adopt pinky? He's a very loving cat. NOT! 10/7/2011 12:00:00 AM 327,796
Cat Attacks Reporter This cat gets pissed off and attacks the reporter that is holding it on live TV. 3/23/2007 12:00:00 AM 186,968


text:
Find Your New Home
Forgot your password? Get a reminder
Not registered yet? Get started
Not registered yet? Sign up now!
Receive exciting neighborhood and home updates, financing offers and much more.
Thank you for signing up for updates for the following neighborhoods
Due to a technical error we were unable to complete your subscription. Please click here to try again. If you receive this message again, please email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Community Features Walking paths, fitness stations and a softball field make for great recreation.
Walking paths, fitness stations and a softball field make for great recreation.
Blue Horizons Site Plan See full size Email | Print
Standard Pacific neighborhoods in Master Plan Community:
*Required fields
See our Privacy Policy.
You can add up to 5 friends.
Try a different image
Set amidst the backdrop of the White Tank Mountains, Blue Horizons offers you plenty of community amenities to keep you active when you're home, but close enough to Interstate 10 to make being on the go convenient. Comfort, convenience and affordability can all be found at Blue Horizons.
The Community
The Homes
Be sure to visit us at Blue Horizons and experience the lifestyle that awaits you.
Want to learn more? Our local expert, Katy Spencer, is ready to answer questions or help find your perfect new home. Just call (888) 627-5208 or email firstname.lastname@example.com. We look forward to hearing from you.


text:
Thank you to our generous LAC sponsors and loyal GEM Club members. Your support of LAC helps SNA book top-notch speakers, offer additional education sessions and provide for memorable meetings for all attendees.
Please contact Jessica Garrett at firstname.lastname@example.com or 301-686-3073 to join the GEM Club today!
J.T.M. Food GroupSchwan's Food Service, Inc
KeyImpact Sales & Systems Campbell Soup CompanyRich Products Corporation
American Foods Group, LLCAsian Food SolutionsConAgra FoodserviceDuke ManufacturingHobartJ&J Snack Foods CorpKellogg's Food Away From HomeLos Cabos Mexican FoodsMVP/Midwest Venture PartnersOtis Spunkmeyer, IncPrecision Foods, IncPreferred Meal Systems, IncProView Foods SFSPac Food Safety Sanitation SystemsTony Roberts Company Unified BrandsVulcanWinston Industries
*As of February 10, 2011


text:
Rumeur Perfume
By Lanvin for Women
Rumeur Perfume by Lanvin, A woody floral musk fragrance with top notes of magnolia, a heart of white rose, jasmine and orange tree blossom . The fragrance's base is composed of patchouli and musk. All products are original, authentic name brands. We do not sell knockoffs or imitations.
- Waffle Cone
- Wall Street
- Warner Bros
- Washed Cotton 784
- Washington Square
- Watercolors
- Waterford
- Waterford Lismore
- Watt Pink
- Watt Purple
- Watt Red
- Watt Yellow
- Wave
- Weekend
- Weil
- Weil De Weil
- Weruska & Joel
- West Broadway
- West Side
- White Amber 541
- White Camellia
- White Chantilly
- White Diamonds
- White Diamonds Brillant
- White Jasmine
- White Jeans
- White Linen
- White Linen Breeze
- White Patchouli
- White Pearl
- White Petal
- White Petal Parfums
- White Point
- White Shoulders
- White Soul
- Wicked Berry
- Wild Fig & Grape
- Wild Honeysuckle
- Wild Musk
- Wild Orchid Musk
- Wild Pearl
- Wild Rose
- Wind Song
- Wings
- Winnie The Pooh
- Wish
- Wish Pink Diamond
- Wish Turquoise Diamond
- With Love
- With Love Estelle Vendome
- Woman In Rose
- Womanity
- Women's Law
- Women's Story
- Wonderful
- Wonderstruck
- Wonderstruck Enchanted
- Woods of Windsor
- Worth
- Wrapped With Love
- Www2000+1
3.3 oz Eau De Parfum Spray
Item #429168
In Stock, Ships within 9 hours
This product has 9 Out of Stock items |
3.3 oz Eau De Parfum Spray (Tester)
Item #446207
0.07 oz Vial (sample)
Item #436187
0.17 oz Mini EDP
Item #453847
1 oz Eau De Parfum Spray
Item #430992
3.3 oz Eau De Parfum Spray (unboxed)
Item #501232
1.7 oz Eau De Parfum Spray
Item #429244
0.5 oz Pure Perfume
Item #458730
5 oz Body Lotion
Item #465631
5 oz Shower Gel
Item #455362
Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought
About Lanvin
History and background of Lanvin. Founded in 1889 at 22, Rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré by Jeanne Lanvin (Paris 1867 - 1946), Lanvin is the oldest Parisian fashion house. From Haute couture (1909) to men's fashion (1926), decoration (1920), and perfumes ("My Sin" in 1925, "Arpège" 1927), the young milliner became the Ambassador of French elegance; transforming her hat and clothing workshops into a veritable fashion empire. Read more about Lanvin
More Lanvin fragrances
for Women: Eclat D'arpege , Arpege , Jeanne Lanvin , Marry Me , Oxygene , morefor Men: Lanvin , Arpege , Lanvin L'homme Sport , Avant Garde , Oxygene , more
See all Lanvin products
Customer Comments
I was so amazed at how quickly my order came. 2 Days ago I received notice that it was on its way, Thank you so much for your amazing service and not to say your great prices. Now I won't have to go to a party tonight with a note. I'll have the perfume !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
T. Fasano (Babylon, NY)
by PowerReviewsPros
- Great smell (33)
- Long-lasting (28)
- Draws compliments (24)
- Clean & fresh (21)
- Sexy (21)
- Doesn't hold (3)
- Too weak (3)
Best Uses
- Daily use (26)
- Anytime (19)
- Special occasions (19)
- Evening (16)
- Signature fragrance (13)
- Reviewer Profile:
- Classic style (30), Adventurous style (7), Natural style (6)
- Fragrance Type:
- Floral (27), Woody/earthy (16), Oriental/spicy (10), Powdery (10), Fresh/aquatic (7)
Most Liked Positive Review
This fragrance is sensual, through and through! I feel thoroughly exotic and appealling when I wear this, this is my 3rd bottle to date - it seems to round off the whole outfit of...Read complete review
This fragrance is sensual, through and through! I feel thoroughly exotic and appealling when I wear this, this is my 3rd bottle to date - it seems to round off the whole outfit of the day, rather like an exclamation mark at the end of an already standout sentence or comment!!! (OK, three then...) I ordered this recently and when my fragrance arrived it was damaged, had leaked and I couldn't get the lid off - imagine my distress, I am after all addicted to the stuff - but the point of THIS is that FragranceX have been very professional and honourable and helpful...once we managed to communicate with each other...and they reimbursed me without incident. This site certainly is all about pleasuring your senses!
Most Liked Negative Review
An useful fragrance.
A beautiful every-day-fragrance.Not strong.Warm and flowery.
A beautiful every-day-fragrance.Not strong.Warm and flowery.
Reviewed by 49 customers
Sort by
Displaying reviews 1-5
Previous | Next »
- Great Smell
- Great Value
Best Uses
- Anytime
Comments about Rumeur Perfume:
Not many people have heard of Rumeur.. It's such a beautiful smell..
- Fragrance Type:
- Woody/Earthy
- Clean & Fresh
- Great Smell
- Long-Lasting
- Sensual
- Sexy
Best Uses
- Daily Use
Comments about Rumeur Perfume:
It's been 10 years that I am loyal to this perfume
- Draws Compliments
- Great Smell
- Great Value
- Long-Lasting
- Sensual
- Sexy
Best Uses
- Anytime
Comments about Rumeur Perfume:
Harsh and soft, dusty and fresh, heavy and light, dark and bright, rebellious and elegant, old fashioned and modern. It's all about the opposites. This is Rumeur.
- Fragrance Type:
- Floral, Powdery, Woody/Earthy
- Clean & Fresh
- Great Smell
Best Uses
- Daily Use
Comments about Rumeur Perfume:
It's a pity that the perfumes I like always disappear. I only can find it in internet. So thanks a lot!
- Fragrance Type:
- Fresh/Aquatic
- Great Smell
- Long-Lasting
Best Uses
- Anytime
- Special Occasions
Comments about Rumeur Perfume:
I was looking during severals months for my favorite Rumeur Perfume by Lanvin. I was so glad I could still command it at Fragrancex.com, because this product is no longer available in Belgium/Europe. Great!
- Fragrance Type:
- Fresh/Aquatic
Displaying reviews 1-5
Previous | Next »


text:
Nemo Tuo Luxury Sleeping Pad
The Tuo by NEMO series of inflatable backcountry accessories brings a new level of comfort to the sleeping pad. Literally. The Tuo sleeping pads have a thin film inside that divides the pad into two separated airtight levels, each with their own valve. Not only does this give you complete redundancy in the event of a puncture, it means you can inflate the base layer firm for protection from rocks and roots and keep the top layer partially inflated for maximum comfort. Enjoy the full 2.3" thickness of Tuo Luxury sleeping pad or save precious ounces with the 1.6" thick mummy style Tuo Standard sleeping pad. A 2/3 length version of Standard called the Tuo Lite is also offered. All models include a stuff sack and repair kit.
DECENT FEATURES of the Nemo Tuo Luxury Sleeping Pad
- 75D polyester fabric is laminated with a high bond polymer film that keeps the fabric airtight and promotes high weld strength
- Easy inflate/deflate valves make setup a breeze
- Two independently inflated foam layers maximize comfort and add redundancy
- The top layer of foam is cross drilled to reduce weight and packed size
- Tuo pads pack small with the included compression strap and stuff sack
The SPECS of the Nemo Tuo Luxury Sleeping Pad
- Minimum Weight: 3 lbs 12 oz / 1696 g
- Minimum Temperature Zone: -25° to -15° F / -31° to -26° C
- Width: 25" / 64 cm
- Length: 76" / 193 cm
- Thickness: 2.3" / 5.8 cm
- Packed Size: 12.5 x 7
- Diameter: 32 x 18 cm
- 75D StretchPolyester
OVERSIZE ITEM: We cannot ship this product by any expedited shipping method (3-Day, 2-Day or Next Day). Even if you pick that option, it will still go Ground Shipping. Sorry for being so mean.
This product can only be shipped within the United States. Please don't hate us.
Nemo products cannot be shipped to Japan. Please don't hate us.


text:
2,643 views
Some of our dearest friends in the world, have triplets turning 16 years of age this month (May, 2008!) Happy Birthday, Guys! Always remember how much you need each other, even when you feel like giving each other an impromptu haircut. :}
Please add a name and description in order to save your playlist to your user profile.


text:
Classes and Education
Childbirth Review Class
Sutter Tracy Hospital offers a one-class session, which prepares couples who have already had a childbirth course with a previous pregnancy. Includes a review of labor, delivery, and breathing and relaxation techniques. It is not necessary to register for the Review class if attending a full Childbirth class.
Where & When
Date | December 17, 2014 |
Time | 7:00 PM to 9:00 PM |
Cost | Free |
Venue | Sutter Tracy Community Hospital, Classrooms A & B (In Administration/Physical Therapy Building) |
Address |
1420 N. Tracy Blvd.
Tracy, CA 95376 |
Map | View MapOpens in new window |
Class Registration
Register online or call 209-833-2321.
Use our online registration form to sign up for this class.Invite a Friend
Feel free to invite others. Send them an e-mail invitation to this event.
Send an InviteOpens in new window


text:
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, W.Va. -- The Greenbrier will host a conference for reading educational professionals across West Virginia in November.
About 600 people are expected to attend the 58th annual West Virginia Reading Association Conference. The two-day conference begins Nov. 21.
The conference includes workshops exploring West Virginia's literary heritage.
West Virginia children's author Bil Lepp is scheduled to speak during the first general session on Nov. 21. The keynote speaker on Nov. 22 will be Gary Phillip, a vice president and institute fellow at the American Institutes for Research in the Behavioral Sciences in Washington, D.C.


text:
- FrontPage Magazine - http://www.frontpagemag.com -
Chis Matthews: TR More Popular than Abe?
Posted By David Forsmark On April 26, 2010 @ 1:22 am In NewsReal Blog | No Comments
The weekend Chris Matthews show is generally made up of echo-chamber panels who– no matter what the polling– assure each other enthusiastically that Barack Obama is a political genius besides being our Dear Leader.
Today, after everyone had loudly proclaimed that the Obama proposed takover of the financial system was a political home run, not to mention real leadership on the tough issues, they turned to those intransigent contrary nasty Republicans.
Chris Matthews started babbling about the party of Teddy Roosevelt, then burst outL
MATTHEWS: It's funny you have to keep reminind Republicans about Teddy Roosevelt, he's only the most popular Republican EVER!
Uh, no, Chris. I know you hate to admit it, but Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican President; and no on has more reverential biographies published about them on an annual basis; and only Jesus has more books written gaining life lessons from his example.
Easily the most ingenious calculation for instant bestsellerdom has to be the book above. Combining the always popular subject of Honest Abe with the current fad of all things vampire is a marketing gold.
Now, if we could just figure out who sucked all the good sense out of Chris Matthews's brain…
Article printed from FrontPage Magazine: http://www.frontpagemag.com
URL to article: http://www.frontpagemag.com/2010/david-forsmark/chis-matthews-tr-more-popular-than-abe/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2009 FrontPage Magazine. All rights reserved.


text:
MEElectronics HT-21 headphones review: Balanced sound for a bargain
If you're upgrading your headphones and don't want to spend a lot, the MEElectronics HT-21 over ear headphones are a competent balance of comfort and quality. Best of all, they'll only set you back $50.
Visually, the HT-21s don't stand out from other brands that favor loud colors and trendy prints. Instead, they're simply designed with an all-black exterior and black faux-leather earpads to withstand the test of time without making a fashion statement.
The thick plastic lining the silver metal headband also gives the HT-21s extra durability, and they're comfortable to wear for … Read more


text:
- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
Need Help? Ask our Experts or call 800-449-9128
Private Reserve Guitars 866-926-1923
Need Help? Ask our Experts or call 800-449-9128
Displaying review 1
Comments about Amati ABG 201II Series Bb Bugle:
Don't believe the photograph! This horn is not a field trumpet as depicted, but a single-wrap clarion style bugle. This bugle has a very rich, mellow sound very reminiscent of a flugelhorn and mine plays well in tune up to high G. The slot between high G and Bb is very tight, however making it easy to overshoot the G slot. It's well made of heavy brass with a large bell and a very handsome instrument. A good bargain for the price - especially if you don't have the money (right now) for the Getzen American Heritage Field Trumpet or the Kanstul Field Trumpet, but want to play "Taps" on a real bugle.
Displaying review 1
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


text:
For this year's 4-Wheel & Off-Road Ultimate Adventure week, the publication has built the ultimate off-road F-Series Super Duty pickup.
The Blank Canvas: A Ford F-250 Super Duty Regular Cab Long Bed equipped with a TorqShift six-speed automatic transmission and a 6.7L Power Stroke diesel V8 producing 400 horsepower at 2,800 rpm and 800 lb-ft of torque at 1,600 rpm.
Because Ford doesn't offer a regular-cab F-250 with a short bed, Petersen's 4-Wheel & Off-Road contracted Shaffer's Offroad in Alameda, California to cut 16 inches from the F-250's frame between the cab and the rear axle. A couple of cuts, and voilà, a short-bed, regular-cab Super Duty. 4-Wheel & Off-Road calls it the "Ultimate Super Dirty". Clever.
And that's just where the mods begin. Check out how far they take this ¾-ton Ford in the video below.
via [Motor Trend]


text:
Tottenham eye talented Italian (From Haringey Independent)
Get involved: send your pictures, video, news & views by texting HARINGEY to 80360, or email us
Tottenham Hotspur are reportedly keen on Chievo's Italian goalkeeper Marco Silvestri
7:00am Friday 8th March 2013 in Spurs
Spurs are preparing a summer bid for talented Italian goalkeeper Marco Silvestri, according to reports in Italy.
Hugo Lloris has established himself in the Tottenham first team this season but Andre Villas-Boas is expected to sell Heurelho Gomes permanently in the summer while veteran stopper Brad Friedel is likely to retire or move elsewhere.
Silvestri, who plays Chievo, is currently on loan at Padova in Serie B and the 21-year-old is widely regarded as one of the most promising goalkeepers in Italy.
Comments are closed on this article.


text:
Quicktake: Tata Nano—The People's CarUnveiled last year in India by Tata Motors, India's largest automobile manufacturer, the Tata Nano is targeted to families who had not previously been able to afford a car. Billed as "the people's car," the base model starts at $2,500 in India and can accommodate up to five adults. A bright, sunshine yellow Nano will be on display in Cooper-Hewitt's Great Hall, along with diagrams and photos illustrating its concept, development and production. Tata Motors, Tata Nano, exhibitions, Quicktake, car, automobile, vehicle, India, yellow |
MIT's CityCar and the Future of UncertainJust what, exactly, is MIT's CityCar? It is a car, yes, and a tiny one at that. It looks a bit like a jellybean and it's stackable, like a grocery cart. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, citycar, Abel Wolman, electric car, car, automobile, electric, vehicle, rendering, techonology, GRiD, distribution, storage, batteries, charging, urban, William J. Mitchell, Why Design Now, Triennial, Exhibition |
A Car in the HouseThe poster on the fence outside the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum showed a photograph of the Tata Nano with the caption "actual size." That didn't mean that it was easy to install for display in the museum, as you can see from this little movie (filmed by our media makers Shamus Adams and Alex Tibbets). Tata Nano, car, automobile, vehicle, India, Display, film, RE:DESIGN, renovation, gallery, Exhibition, space, elevator |
Flowing FormsDesign Watch Members of the Museum had a preview of the 2010 New York International Automobile Show this week. Phil Patton led the group – he's the design critic and author who knows lots about whatever moves you and writes the Wheels blog for NYTimes.com. New York International Automobile Show, 2010, preview, Design Watch, members, Phil Patton, critic, writer, Wheels blog, NY Times, trends, fuel economy, accessible, affordable, price, struggle, electric, car, automobile, vehicle, Nissan Leaf, zero emissions, range, rebate, aerodynamics, shapes, airflow, flow, details, turbulence, Infiniti, Chevrolet Cruze, Robin Givhan, Washington Post, style, editor, moderator, Voices in American Fashion, conversation, National Design Award, winners, Francisco Costa, Maria Cornejo, Yeohlee Teng, role, work, contemporary, Design USA, Exhibition, flatter, feminine |
Behind the Scenes of Quicktake: Tata NanoOn February 16th the smiling Tata Nano rolled through the front doors of Cooper-Hewitt, up the stairs and settled on a platform in the Great Hall. Unveiled last year in India by Tata Motors, India's largest automobile manufacturer, the Tata Nano is targeted to families who had not previously been able to afford a car. Quicktake, Exhibition, Tata Nano, Tata Motors, car, automobile, vehicle, installation, smiling, Great Hall, India, manufacturer, affordable, peoples car, accommodate, yellow, Display |


text:
Go | New | Find | Notify | Tools | Reply |
On an episode of I Hate My Bath (Starting from Scratch) a basement bathroom was being redone. The ceiling was low, so the host installed what appeared to be perforated white metal sheets as a ceiling. What did you install, and where could I find it? Thank you for the help. | |||
You in the forum section, for the most part it's just people helping others with DIY projects. May want to go back to the first page that loads and check the bottom right hand side. Why would you not just use 1/2 light weight sheetrock on that ceiling? joecaption | ||||
That part of the basement has all the plumbing, hvac, and lots of electrical. The solution from the show was low profile and appeared as though it would be easy to remove and replace when access would be needed. Not really enough height for a drop ceiling. | ||||
Powered by Social Strata |
Please Wait. Your request is being processed... |
For general message board help, click the tab labeled "Tools," and choose "Help" from the dropdown menu.


text:
You have no items in your shopping cart.
LLSTOL is simple, elegant and multi-functional lounge chair. It consist of two "L" shaped elements that can be easily folded and stored in a small space. You can also assemble small table or bench and with more elements even a bookshelf or a landscape. Assemby is simple and easy, without complex details or metal components.Made in Slovenia from beech wood and coated with matte lacquer.


text:
A coffee plant is a coffee plant is a coffee plant, right? Nope! There are many different types of coffee plants, each of which has its own characteristics that differentiate it from others. These types are known as varietals, hybrids and cultivars, and there are over 100 known types of coffee plants in the world.
Some coffee plants, such as Robusta coffee plants, contain more caffeine. Some, such as the Arabica coffee variations Geisha and Tekisic, are known for being especially sweet. Robusta is said to be unpleasantly acidic and harsh, yet others, such as Bourbon coffee and Caterra coffee, are known for their pleasing acidity. And there's even one type of naturally caffeine-free coffee plant!
You can learn more about the different types of coffee plants (including their origins, flavors and more) with this new guide to coffee varieties. Enjoy!


text:
028 9075 2777
At RITE PRICE we have one of the biggest displays in Northern Ireland of :
We bulk-buy from all the biggest suppliers from around the world and able to bring to you the lowest prices!!
We carry a huge stock and are able to store or despatch goods immediately to your home.
DOUBLE DISCOUNTS!! when you buy from more than one department


text:
Some information is missing or invalid below.
Reliable style. Featuring a classic fit, this men's Chaps suit jacket is the perfect choice for any special occasion.
- Classic fit features relaxed arm holes, regular body and traditional sleeve openings.
- Vented back maintains a clean look when moving or sitting.
- Slightly-padded shoulders for a masculine shape.
- Felt-lined collar holds form.
- Details:
- 2-button front
- Long sleeves
- 6-pocket
- Polyester/rayon
- Dry clean
- Imported


text:
About CaitlynB
Upload Avatar
- Favorite Cuisines
- CaitlynB doesn't have any favorite cuisines yet
- Favorite Neighborhoods
- CaitlynB doesn't have any favorite neighborhoods yet
CaitlynB's Activity
CaitlynB's Reviews
Places CaitlynB Wants to Eat
Does this avatar match your personality?
No? Then please upload an avatar or photo of your own -- we want to see how good-looking you are!
(You will be able to crop the image after uploading)


text:
"Whatever with the past has gone, the best is always yet to come."
Lucy Larcom
"Through loyalty to the past, our mind refuses to realize that tomorrow's joy is possible only if today's makes way for it; that each wave owes the beauty of its line only to the withdrawal of the preceding one."
Andre Gide
"Every saint has a past and every sinner has a future."
Oscar Wilde
"Children have neither a past nor a future. Thus they enjoy the present, which seldom happens to us."
Jean de la Bruyere
"Dreams guide you to the future. Dreams remind you of the past. Whether awake or asleep, dreams keep you thinking in the present."
Tillara Gennett
"When you THINK TOO MUCH! The past and the future are just a thought away from each other!..."
Philip T. M.
"When you THINK TOO MUCH! The past and the future are just a thought away."


text:
Jorge Celedon
Jorge Celedón also known as Jorgito Celedón is a Colombian musician, singer of vallenato music. Celedón was one of the backup singers for the vallenato group Binomio de Oro de America who joined after the death of Rafael Orozco Maestre. In 1998, he decided to create his own vallenato group and teamed with accordionist Jimmy Zambrano.
Jorge Celedon Reviews & Ratings
No Reviews / Ratings Yet
Submit a Review