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Read Kansas! Intermediate - I-8 Immigrants to Kansas: Why Did They Come?
The purpose of this fourth grade lesson is to introduce students to a variety of immigrant groups that settled Kansas and the reasons for their immigration. It encourages cooperative learning by having small groups of students focus on a specific immigrant group. Students will practice expository reading and determine the meaning of words in context. Each group will create a small exhibit or poster. The students will discuss the costs and benefits of immigration. The lesson is designed to take place over five or more days but can be adjusted to meet your individual schedule.
To view a PDF of the front and back, click on the card
4th Grade Kansas History Standards:
- Benchmark 2, Indicator 1: The student compares the various reasons several immigrant groups settled in Kansas (e.g., English, German-Russian, French, Swedish, Czechoslovakian, Croatian, Mexican, African American, Vietnamese).
4th Grade Economics Standards:
- Benchmark 5, Indicator 2: The student analyzes the costs and benefits of making a choice.
4th Grade Geography Standards:
- Benchmark 2, Indicator 2: The student identifies the human characteristics of Kansas and regions of the United States (e.g., people, religions, languages, customs, economic activities, housing, foods).
4th Grade Reading Standards:
Benchmark 3, Indicator 1: The student determines the meaning of words or phrases by using context clues (e.g., definitions, restatements, examples, descriptions) from sentences or paragraphs.
4th Grade Writing Standards:
- Benchmark 2, Indicator 10: The student writes paragraph(s) with a topic sentence that includes supporting details in a logical order (typically 3-5 sentences).
Kansas College and Career Ready Standards:
- RI.4.4.: The student determines the meaning of general academic and domain-specific words or phrases in a text relevant to a grade 4 topic or subject area.
- W.4.2 a-e: The student writes informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.


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Jan 22, 2013, 12:17 PM | #1 |
Parallels 8 Resources
I am looking at buying either a new iMac or Mac Mini, with 16gb RAM minimum. leaning on the side of the Mac Mini, as I fear the new iMacs may be difficult to service in the future.
When using Parallels 8 with a Mac I understand that you need to allocate it a certain amount of resources in order to run Windows 7. May I ask if Parallels / Windows only uses these resources when a particular Windows program is opened or does it effectively permantly use the resources on start up? The programs I wish to use are very lightweight, namely Decoplanner (Diving Decompression software) and Microsoft Money. |
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Jan 22, 2013, 12:46 PM | #2 | |
BTW, I have 8GB of RAM and that's plenty; no hiccups whatsoever. I understand the desire to max it out, though. |
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< Return To Hearing
The Honorable Patrick LeahyMay 2, 2002 We are here today because everyone agrees that the Immigration and Naturalization Service needs to be overhauled, a view that was dramatically reinforced by the September 11 attacks. The question we face today is how to reorganize the INS, a very important question that this Committee will devote itself to answering. I appreciate Senator Kennedy's leadership on this issue, and his willingness to chair this hearing. I also appreciate Senator Brownback's efforts - this is not a partisan issue but a matter of making government work. To put it mildly, the last year has not been a good one for the INS. But although the political climate may call for a sudden response, Congress must keep its perspective and not simply embrace change for change's sake. We should also remember that even in an agency as troubled as the INS, there are many great employees whom we need to retain if we are ever going to get a handle on our immigration problems. I know this from firsthand experience in Vermont. I know that the Eastern Service Center in St. Albans, Vermont, has done a remarkable job in providing immigration services and in trying to weed out those who would fraudulently obtain immigration benefits. As their workload has increased under new laws we have passed, they have converted their cafeteria into additional office space, pioneered highly effective work-at-home policies, and retained their very impressive record. Similarly, the Law Enforcement Support Center in South Burlington, which provides criminal background information about aliens to Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies, has proven its effectiveness anew since September 11. The LESC is on duty every minute of every day to respond to queries from law enforcement officers. The Center's employees are unsung heroes, identifying potential terrorists and other safety threats to cops on the beat in cities and towns across the nation. Vermont is also home to the Swanton Border Patrol Sector, the Debt Management Center, and an INS Sub-Office, all of which provide critical services. Finally, the Eastern Regional Center - slated for elimination under the Administration's reorganization plan - also includes many fine employees whose skills should not be squandered. The fine work of these Vermonters is achieved in spite of the fact that the INS as a whole is in need of repair. Having witnessed his tremendous organizational skills in the Senate, I was confident that Commissioner Ziglar would do an excellent job in reorganizing the agency. The problems at the INS were not of his own making, and I believed that he should have a chance to remake the agency in consultation with Congress. Although I had reservations about the Commissioner's plan, I discussed them with him and he was quite responsive. But now that the House has passed legislation - soon after the Administration announced an abrupt 11th-hour conversion as to the merits of that bill -- I cannot tell whether the Commissioner's plan remains in effect. I hope that the Administration stands behind the Commissioner and behind his commitments to a fair, smart restructuring. He, and those who work for him around the nation, deserve nothing less. I would like to say a few words about the House-passed restructuring legislation. I know that Chairman Sensenbrenner made this issue a major priority, and I applaud him for his success and his willingness to craft a bipartisan bill that passed the House by such a substantial margin. I am worried, however, that the bill will create brand new problems in its attempt to rectify existing ones. First, I am concerned that its failure to establish a strong central authority to supervise immigration policy could prove fatal to its effectiveness. The House bill creates a weak Associate Attorney General for Immigration Affairs, with limited supervision of the law enforcement and immigration services bureaus established by the bill. Prudent management practice suggests the need for a strong central figure who can direct immigration policy and make decisions in the many areas where law enforcement and benefits overlap. Second, the bill threatens to create a larger, more cumbersome bureaucracy than under current law, as each immigration branch would have its own Office of Policy and Strategy, Legal Advisor, Chief Budget Office, and Congressional affairs office. Third, I am concerned that the Service Bureau would end up with insufficient funding. Congress and the Administration need to ensure that separating enforcement and services will not result in a drastically underfunded services branch. The INS already faces severe backlogs in processing applications for naturalization and other benefits, and Congress should continue to work to mitigate them, not worsen them. Fourth, asylum seekers need more protection than the House-passed plan provides them - we must not treat asylum as purely a law enforcement matter, but should instead ensure that those who arrive here fleeing persecution receive a full hearing and are not perceived simply as security threats. I understand that Senators Kennedy and Brownback introduced INS reorganization legislation of their own earlier today. From what I know of their bill, I believe it is a substantial improvement over the House legislation, and I look forward to reviewing it further. More than ever since September 11, it is critical that we effectively police our borders and keep out those who would harm America. I have worked to increase the number of INS Inspectors and Border Patrol officers along our Northern Border and to improve the technology we use to monitor our borders. And I will work to see that the INS undergoes a common-sense reorganization that will meet the needs of U.S. citizens and legal aliens alike. I look forward to hearing from today's witnesses and to an open discussion of these issues in the weeks and months to come as we work toward real, commonsense and lasting solutions to INS' problems. |


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Movie poster.
Dublin Core
Movie poster.
Film posters -- Pictorial works.; Film posters, American.;
A still from the movie "On the Beach". Series presented by the Watertown Living History Project. Funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. On the Beach (1959) is a post-apocalyptic drama film starring Gregory Peck, Ava Gardner, Fred Astaire and Anthony Perkins. The residents of Australia after a global nuclear war must come to terms with the fact that all life will be destroyed in a matter of months. In 1964, atomic war wipes out humanity in the northern hemisphere; one American submarine finds temporary safe haven in Australia, where life-as-usual covers growing despair. In denial about the loss of his wife and children in the holocaust, American Captain Towers meets careworn but gorgeous Moira Davidson, who begins to fall for him. The sub returns after reconnaissance a month (or less) before the end.
Watertown Free Public Library
Management Restrictions apply. See application form at http://watertownlib.org/research/historic-watertown/photographs
figure 2635
"Movie poster.," Digital Commonwealth , accessed March 12, 2014, http://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/items/show/53601.


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Production Platform news and technical articles from Oil & Gas Journal. Search Production Platform latest and archived news and articles
bbl field will be developed with a single drilling and production platform linked to the nearby Oseberg crude oil pipeline to the ..... government approval, ARCO will develop Pickerill with two production platforms linked by pipeline to the Conoco-BP Exploration gas
begin in August for the world's first spar oil and gas production platform . Work is to occur under a contract let by Oryx Energy ..... Calif., a longtime proponent of spars for deepwater production platforms . OTHER WORK ROC under a separate contract is to fabricate
US Coast Guard officials said an oil production platform offshore Louisiana had exploded and caught fire in the Gulf of Mexico, Associated Press reported Nov. 16. Four people were sent
operation of the world's most advanced deepwater systems. Perdido is Shell's first spar host drilling and production platform – a system selected because of the extreme water depths, the nature of the reservoirs and remoteness of the
exercised its contract option to have Aker Maritime ASA, Norway, salvage and recycle a 110,000-tonne steel production platform from Maureen field in the UK sector of the North Sea, officials said Tuesday. It is the biggest offshore platform
award Global Offshore Mexico S de RL de CV a $40 million contract to install three oil and gas pipelines linking production platforms in Akal oil field off Mexico. The Akal-MB development project is in the Cantarell complex of fields in the
to a central production platform connected by ..... three identical production platforms . Gas is separated ..... between satellite production platforms and the new platform ..... crude. A central production platform separates gas
Petromec, a subsidiary of Brazilian company Maritima Construcoes Navai to convert the rig into a submersible production platform for $354 million. The platform was delivered in 1999 and began to produce oil and gas in May 2000. The original
linked to the production platform will be installed ..... platforms and then production - platform jacket took place ..... flare, and production platforms ' topsides were ..... pipeline tie-in to production platform , platform installation
off China Operations have begun on Production Platform B, part of Peng Lai (PL) 19-3 Blocks ..... facility, which consisted of a fixed production platform tied to a newly modified and refurbished ..... vessel and five additional fixed production platforms tied to a central fixed riser and


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Do you know how to get the most out of the benefits your company provides? Here's the ultimate check-list.
Do you know how to get the most out of the benefits your company provides? Here's the ultimate check-list.
Most people would think twice about taking a job that offered poor employee benefits, but the reality is when bootstrapping a new venture or joining a start up, you may not have access to the same benefits offering that Corporate America affords. Don't get me wrong; leaving traditional Corporate America to found my own company was one of the best choices I've ever made in my life, bar none. However, as with most fantastic opportunities, there are costs. One of the most conspicuous was losing access to the cushy employee benefits offered by the large organizations I had previously worked with.
Although smart small businesses are researching creative ways to offer their employees solid benefit packages, most simply can't match the scale of those offered by large firms. So whether you are contemplating working for yourself, staying put at a larger firm, or seeking to ensure that you and your family are taken care of in the unfortunate case of a lay-off, I encourage you to immediately begin taking advantage of the employee benefits available to you!
If you're like most people, you glanced at the thick employee manual that your employer provided you when you first started, then stashed it on the bottom of your shelf, promising yourself that you'd look at it for real "later." Well later has arrived, folks! Dust it off and take the time to review it carefully—benefits range widely across employers. Even the thickest manuals typically have a note indicating that they are not comprehensive, so it's a good idea to write down any questions that it doesn't cover and then call the toll-free number and speak with someone who can help you with more specific questions. Of course I'm not suggesting that you use services that you don't need, but rather that you don't inadvertently become complacent and miss out on benefits that you need and that will enhance your life.
Below are some of the benefits that I find that people who leave big firms miss the most:
Benefits are an essential part of any compensation package, and when we underutilize them, it's akin to throwing money out the window. So don't be wasteful. And if you're thinking of starting out on your own, or going to work at a start-up, well, it's probably wise to take advantage of whatever employee benefits are available while you have them!
SELENA CUFFE is the president & CEO of Heritage Link Brands. Previously, Selena served as a marketer for the Council on International Educational Exchange and the Procter & Gamble Company.


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Here are some quotes from the article
Yep, that's me. I use throws Exception a lot.
Anders goes on to comment that the focus is not generally on handling exceptions, but making your code robust in the presence of thrown exceptions. And that generally means finally blocks. He observers that …
Interesting. I wonder how much duplication occurs in all those finally blocks. That's why I like Ruby's ability to abstract the finally (ensure in Ruby) to one location.
Finally, here's where I got the title for this blog entry.
I"m not guilty of the catch curly curly syndrome, but I'm not surprised that its a common problem. Bruce Eckel says it best when he calls Java's checked exceptions a failed experiment.
Ok, sounds interesting. I always enjoy new languages. So I clicked over for a quick look at the elastiC site. With the exception of C-Like syntax and small footprint, the list of languages features were very reminiscent of Ruby. I did a quick scan of the language docs and it reminded me a lot of Objective-C, but I didn't see anything to hold my interest.
As I return to Hans' blog entry, I noticed his next sentence …
What!? Ruby? Kludgy? Certainly not!
And yet, Hans seems to think so. Perhaps Hans has given Ruby the same quick once over that I just gave elastiC and didn't see the unifying principles behind Ruby. If so, I can forgive him the slight.
And then again, maybe Hans just has different tastes in programming languages. After all, my daughter professes that GoldStar Chili is the best in the world, while I maintain that Skyline Chili has no peer — and we are able to live in the same house.
It sounds like Hans is a Gold Star type of guy.
That's OK, because I going to continue eating at Skyline.
Pragmatic Dave is up to Kata number twelve, and I'm still writing about KataTwo. I have a feeling that I'm not going to catch up any time soon.
If you recall from earlier Kata writeups (see KataTwoCps and KataTwoNoTail for details), a continuation is merely the bit of code that needs to be executed after a method returns. We can manually capture continuations as Proc objects and explicitly pass them around.
A simple example is appropriate at this point. In the following factorial function, the result of the fact(n-1) call must be multiplied by n before returning a result. That multiplication is the continuation of the fact(n-1) call.
def fact(n) if n == 0 1 else n * fact(n-1) end end
We can manually capture the continuation in a proc …
proc { |res| n * res }
Once captured, we can pass the continuation code around. In particular, we can pass it to the fact(n-1) call and let it handle its own continuation (where done is the name of the continuation passed into us) …
fact(n-1, proc{|res| done.call(n * res) })
Rewriting our factorial function to handle its own continuation yields code like this …
def fact_cps(n, done) if n == 0 done.call(1) else fact_cps(n-1, proc {|res| done.call(res * n) }) end end
Our "simulated" continuations are just procs (i.e. anonymous functions). They don't really cause the function to return when called, they only calculate the return value. We must still arrange for that return value to be properly returned up the calling chain.
Wouldn't it be nice if we could "grab" the real continuation of the current function. It would act just like our simulated continuations, but when called, it will really cause the function to return immediately.
If we had a mechanism to "grab" that current continuation, we could write a method that looked like this …
def call_with_current_continuation current_continuation = #{magic to get the current continuation} yield(current_continuation) end
call_with_current_continuation yields to a block, passing in the continuation for itself. If the block ever calls current_continuation, it will immediately return from call_with_current_continuation.
If we could actually write call_with_current_continuation, then code like this is possible.
call_with_current_continuation { |current_continuation| puts "This will be printed" current_continuation.call # [A] puts "This will never get printed" } # Line [A] returns to HERE
Calling current_continuation will cause the program to go to the continuation immediately. The output will look like this …
This will be printed
and the second puts will never be executed.
Although we don't have any magic code that will return the current continuation of an arbitrary method, Ruby does provide the functionality of call_with_current_continuation in the form of the callcc method. The continuation is passed to a block, and within the block we can do anything we want to with the continuation. Calling it will immediately cause the callcc call that created the continuation to return the value given to the continuation.
Here is a fairly pedestrian use of callcc. This use of callcc is similar to the setjump/longjump functions in the C libarary.
def level3(cont) cont.call("RETURN THIS") end def level2(cont) level3(cont) return "NEVER RETURNED" end def top_level_function callcc { |cc| level2(cc) } end answer = top_level_function puts answer # => "RETURN THIS"
Here we are using continuations to immediately return a value from top_level, even though we are nested 3 levels deep in method calls.
Although callcc can be used to create some really mind-bending control structures, we will stick to using it to return to a point of execution higher up in the call stack in the following examples.
Starting with recursive CPS version (from KataTwoCps), we replace the proc based continuations with the continuations from callcc. There is only minor differences between the proc based and callcc based versions.
# Setup the call with the top level continuations. Notice that we # create two continuations in this function. The outer-most one # (+ret+) is the normal return. The inner continuation (+failed+) # is designed to indicate failure by returning a -1 from the top # level function def chop_with_cc(target, list) callcc { |ret| callcc { |failed| sub_chop_with_cc(target, list, ret, failed) } -1 } end # Recursive helper function with continuations explicitly passed in. def sub_chop_with_cc(target, list, found, not_found) if list.size <= 1 (list[0] == target) ? found.call(0) : not_found.call else mid = list.size/2 if list[mid] > target sub_chop_with_cc( target, list[0...mid], found, not_found) else found.call( mid + callcc { |cc| sub_chop_with_cc( target, list[mid..-1], cc, not_found) } ) end end end class TestChopContinuations < Test::Unit::TestCase alias chop chop_with_cc include ChopTests end
One final twist before we are done. In KataTwoCps we wrote sub_chop_recursive_with_cps in a continuation passing style, but using proc based continuations. What would happed if we passed real callcc based continuations to a function expecting proc based ones?
It turns out that it works perfectly. Here's the test code for it …
def chop_with_cc_and_cps(target, list) callcc { |ret| callcc { |failed| # This function is defined in KataTwoCps sub_chop_recursive_with_cps(target, list, ret, failed) } -1 } end class TestChopContinuations2 < Test::Unit::TestCase alias chop chop_with_cc_and_cps include ChopTests end
Only one more variation to go, and this time it has nothing to do with continuations.
The Saturday writeup mentioned a mixup with Hotel venues before the conference and may have left an impression that the conference was unorganized. Quite the contrary. Everything was very well put together. Seminars started on time, ended (more or less) on time, and the break times always had cookies available. As far as I could tell, Jay Zimmerman ran the whole show with the help of one assistant, and did a very fine job. I was very impressed with the little touches. For example, the binders everyone got when they registered was personalized with their name on the front cover, and the summary of the conference schedule on the back.
You should also see ChadFowler's comments on the conference.
Sunday morning started out with a double session on the OJB Object/Relational mapping tool. OJB uses an XML mapping file to define the relationships between the object model and the relational database. I see the value in the O/R mapping, but it seems to me that the mapping file can be quite complex, and that worries me to some degree. XDoclet can probably help here, but then that's yet another tool in the mix. (update: Ryan tells me he has download OJB and started looking at the tutorials and was very impressed with them).
John started out the session with an example of code that had a subtle JDBC bug. The code forget to close a prepared statement and the program would receive an "open cursor" error under heavy load. At the break, I couldn't resist pointing out to John over the break that Dave's Ruby talk showed how to address that problem in Ruby so it can't happen by accident.
After lunch time, we played a little question and answer time with Jay giving prizes. Our table got a J2EE question, but unfortunately we had no J2EE experts sitting with us and we were clueless. Jay was nice enough to give us a second chance with a simpler question on ant. This time we got it right and won a pen.
The next game one where we guessed a phrase that was presented in a Wheel of Fortune style format. We tried to answer as Jay slowly filled in the letters. I actually won a Compuware polo shirt in this game. Great fun.
I missed Erik's intro to Ant, but did catch the follow on session. This talk mainly presented a bunch of different targets and goals that ant was capabile of handling (some with additional jar files).
Some things I came away with …
Its getting late and I must confess that my information overload meter was in the red for the past two sessions. I only heard about half of what Maciej had to say. He has some good ideas in this area. I especially like his idea for a code station, a binary artifact repository. It sounds a bit like source control applied at a binary file (e.g. jar file) level.
Somehow for me, the end of a conference is rather anti-climatic. The last session is over and everyone just … walks out the door. It is a bit of a let down. But by Sunday afternoon, everyone was dead tired, and I know a couple folk left before the start of the final session.
Was the weekend worthwhile? Absolutely. Few technical conferences ever make it to Cincinnati, so I applaud Jay Zimmerman (the conference organizer) for bringing his road show to the "heartland". It really makes this kind of training more available to your average programmer. If a NoFluffJustStuff conference comes to a city near you, I strongly recommend that you grab everyone in your development organization and take advantage of the situation.
A week before the conference started, someone at work noticed that the nofluffjuststuff.com site gave directions to the Marriott Northeast facility, but the map on the web page was Marriott North site. I volunteered to call around to see what the story was.
I first called the Marriott Northeast. Once I got the sales department, the conversation went something like this …
Ok, so its not at Marriott Northeast. I call the Marriott North and asked the same question to their sales department. I got much the same response, but nothing was registered under the "No Fluff, Just Stuff" name. After they got done laughing over the name, we finally thought to look it up under Jay Zimmerman's name. Finally, it turns up under the "Complete Programmers Network".
Ok, now I'm thoroughly confused, but I have a new name to check out. Calling back to the Marriott Northeast …
Fine. Mystery solved. It turns out the both Marriotts are north of the city, both on major highways, and both off exit 19 on those highways. Add in the fact that their names are so similar and so they are confused a lot.
Time to get back to the conference.
The first seminar starts promptly at 9:00 with Dave Thomas talking about the problems with coupled code and how to write the code to reduce that coupling.
Of course, you can't get rid of all coupling. Dave quoted Noel Coward: "Familiarity breeds contempt, but without a little familiarity it's impossible to breed anything."
Another quote that caught my eye: "Decoupling code is like organizing spy cells … if one is broken, the other cells are safe."
Dave used the example of mixing a pina colada to demonstrate temporal coupling amoung steps of an algorithm. He suggested using the mediator pattern with a state machines to decouple parallel tasks. I've not seen that in action (note to self, check that out).
Ok, I went to the Ruby talk just for fun. I didn't expect to pick up much about Ruby (I've been using it for 3 1/2 years), but really to pick up on Dave's presentation technique. How do you persuade a Java programmer that a dynamically typed, object oriented scripting language could might be a viable alternative for certain jobs? Dave's approach was real world examples where Ruby's simplicity shines.
Jay welcomed everyone to the panel discussion and laid down the rules (i.e. there are no rules). He then asked the panel to introduce themselves.
The quesions and responses are highly edited and paraphrased. I can't type fast enough to capture the entire conversation, so I tried to capture the ideas as best I could. If I made an substantial errors, let me know so they can be corrected.
The panel consisted of …
Venkat Subramaniam (V), Bruce Tate (B), Dave Thomas (D), John Carnell (J), Erik Hatcher (E), Stuart Halloway (S), Maciej Zawadzki (M).
Jay asked each panel member to give a brief introduction to themselves.
Then the questions started.
In Dave's final talk of the day, he demonstrated a system called "Naked Objects". The idea behind Naked Objects to present the business objects to the end user in a way they can be directly manipulated with little structure imposed by the user interface. As developers, all we do is program the objects and the natural interface is automatically generated. This techniques puts a lot of trust in the users, and is directly opposed to the idea of dumbing down the user interface to prevent the user from making mistakes. All in all, a fascinating idea. I've already downloaded the Naked Objects package and have tried it out. (See www.nakedobjects.org/ … some firewalls may complain :-)
I attended Erik Hatcher's seminar on XDoclet as the last session of the day. XDoclet simplifies J2EE development by using Javadoc tags to control the generation of all the sundry files need for a full bore J2EE environment. My J2EE experience is quite low, but XDoclet seems to be a simple tool for solving a complex problem.
That wraps up Saturday. We'll talk about Sunday next time.
Registration started at 12:00 noon on Friday (July 11) at the Mariott Northeast. I got there plenty early and had plenty of time to go through the material before the actual conference started.
Compuware sponsership was very prominent (full disclosure: I am a consultant for Compuware, although that affiliation had little to do with my attendance). Everyone got a cool pen (the kind that lights up!) with a Compuware logo. Our notebook with the seminar schedule included a whitepaper on MDA development by Tom Blankers (Compuware's OptimalJ Product Manager). And who could miss that huge Compuware/OptimalJ banner that was hung behind the speaker in the main room.
At 1:00 Jay Zimmerman, the conference organizer, gave a short welcome talk and the conference was started.
The Cincinnati symposium had three tracks going at once. The topics I wanted to hit were Java persistence and J2EE issues, so the first talk by Bruce Tate was right on target.
I'm not going to record all the details of each presentation, but rather record my overall impressions and capture some thoughts.
I'm relatively new to Java persistence beyond the basic JDBC stuff, so there was lots of good information here. Bruce tends to favor JDO over EJB persistence. How JDO uses byte code enhancements to get the necessary persistence hooks is interesting. There was some discussion of how AOP might mitigate the need for byte code enhancement in the future.
I was reviewing the conference schedule on Thursday night, and my teenage daughter was helping me choose topics (well, at least she was giving me her opinions). She told me to make sure I attended the breaks because they were likely to have snacks.
Bruce's next talk based on his latest book Bitter EJB. Basically, Bitter Java/EJB concentrats on identifying systemic failures, i.e. Antipatterns.
Some good quotes and other stuff that stuck in my head:
Dave was one of the original signers of the Agile Manifesto. He shared his insights of what the manifesto means and gave an overview of the different agile methodologies.
Here's a quote that I like:
"Without excellent personnel, even good to excellent processes can only achieve marginal results." — Capers Jones, Software Assessments, Benmarks, and Best Practices, Addison-Wesly, 2000.
There was an added bonus at Dave's talk. Chad Fowler, a fellow rubyist, was there. Chad had recently returned from a 1 1/2 year stint in India so it was great to catch up with him.
Dave gave his views on the state of the software industry and some things we need to do to address the issues. Here are some frightening statistics…
Dave shared his "pragmatic principles" for becoming a great software developer. If you haven't read The Pragmatic Programmer, then immediately go out get a copy to read.
After the keynote talk, several of us wondered over to the hotel restaurant for drinks and talk. Over the course of the evening Dave Thomas, John Carnell, and Stuart Halloway stopped by for conversation. Topics covered many areas, including
At one point we were discussing technical interviews. I shared that I often asked what technical books an applicant had read in the past half year. Someone else shared that they asked what authors they have been reading; an interesting twist.
We finally broke up around 11:00. It was a long day. More on about Saturday and Sunday when I get it ready.
In KataTwoCps we talked about passing continuations into functions. It turns out that continuations were just functions (we used Proc objects) that encapsulated the rest of the calculation to be performed. Using continuations allowed us to turn normal recursive calls into tail recursion.
One of the benefits of tail recursion is that it is easy to turn a tail recursive function into an iterative function. Lets try that transform on our CPS version from KataTwoCps.
Tail recursive calls can be transformed into gotos to the beginning of the function. Any parameters passed to the call are assigned to the existing parameters.
So, the following call …
sub_chop_cps(target, list[0...mid], found, not_found)
would be rewritten as …
target = target list = list[0...mid] found = found not_found = not_found goto BEGINNING_OF_FUNCTION
We can drop the redundant assignments (e.g. target = target). We will also cleverly use an infinite while loop instead of an explicit goto. (Ruby doesn't have raw gotos, but if you are patient, I'll show you how to implement gotos).
Here's our first attempt at tail recursion removal.
def chop_tail_recursive(target, list) sub_chop_tail_recursive(target, list, proc{|x| x}, proc{-1}) end def sub_chop_tail_recursive(target, list, found, not_found) while (true) if list.size <= 1 return (list[0] == target) ? found.call(0) : not_found.call else mid = list.size/2 if list[mid] > target list = list[0...mid] else list = list[mid..-1] found = proc{|x| found.call(x+mid)} # PROBLEM end end end end
Unfortunately, this code fails the unit tests.
At the line marked PROBLEM we create a Proc object that references found. The intent of this line is that sometime in the future this proc will be called and the current value of found will be used. Unfortunately, we immediately clobber the value of found, sabotaging that future call. (The mid value has a similar problem).
To fix this, we need to create a new context where the value represented by found (and mid) is not lost. If we replace the PROBLEM line with the following, our problems are solved.
found = proc {|ret, m| proc{|x| ret.call(x+m)} }.call(found, mid)
Here we create our Proc object referencing ret and m instead of found and mid. Both ret and m are created in the scope of an enclosing block and initialized with the values of found and mid. The key is that ret and m are never reassigned, therefore they never become invalid.
Our second attempt changes the PROBLEM line and works much better. Here is the complete source code.
def chop_tail_recursive(target, list) sub_chop_tail_recursive(target, list, proc{|x| x}, proc{-1}) end def sub_chop_tail_recursive(target, list, found, not_found) while (true) if list.size <= 1 return (list[0] == target) ? found.call(0) : not_found.call else mid = list.size/2 if list[mid] > target list = list[0...mid] else list = list[mid..-1] found = proc {|ret, m| proc{|x| ret.call(x+m)} }.call(found, mid) end end end end class TestChopTailRecursive < Test::Unit::TestCase alias chop chop_tail_recursive include ChopTests end
No problems were encounter other than the already discussed issue regarding the reassignment of found and mid.
Dan Sugalski is also talking about Continuations, CPS, TailRecursion, and more. Dan is writing the byte code engine that will eventually power Perl 6 (and perhaps Ruby and Python as well). Dan's viewpoint is a bit more oriented toward implementation issues surrounding tail recursion and continuations, but make a nice balance to what you read here.
We still haven't talked about callcc. I promise we will get to it next time.
I wrote this article on Design by Contract and Unit Testing to go along with the EiffelUnit documentation. I'm no longer maintaining EiffelUnit (I recommend using Gobo Eiffel Test instead), but thought the article was worth publishing independently. Hence this blog entry. The article was written three years ago, so I added a postscript to the conclusions that reflects my current experience.
The article was written three years ago, so I added a postscript to the conclusions that reflects my current experience.
I've been using Eiffel for almost three years, and have been exploring some Extreme Programming ideas for the past 6 months. In particular, I've been using XP's "Test-First" desgin process in conjunction with Eiffel. Here are some of my thoughts on how unit testing and Design by Contract fit together. The presentation is in the form of a question/answer session. If you have comments on this topic, I would be glad to here them at email@example.com.
The first part of this page covers Design by Contract for those who are new to the idea. Eiffel programmers may want to skip directly to the section on Unit testing. Those whose time is limited may want to jump directly to the conclusions.
In short, Design by Contract starts by specifying the conditions under which it is legal to call a method. It is the responsibility of the client software to ensure these conditions (called preconditions) are met.
Given that the preconditions are met, the method in the supplier software guarantees that certion other conditions will be true when the method returns. These are called postcondition, and are the responsibility of the supplier code in ensure.
Ok, seriously. Contracts are inherited by child classes. If a child class overrides a method in a parent class, it needs to make sure the method's new implementation conforms to the contract of the parent class. By conforming, we mean that the child class is not allowed to tighten the preconditions of the parent class, or is it allowed to loosen the postconditions. We remember this by using the slogan...
Require no more, promise no less.
By the way, Eiffel automatically handles preconditions and postconditions in child classes without any need to copy and paste them from the parent.
Note that the checking (assertions) are merely a way of verifying that everyone is playing by the rules. We should be able to remove the assertions without effecting program correctness. In fact, Eiffel allows you to specify several different levels of assertion checking.
From a Design by Contract perspective, this is not testing preconditions. Preconditions define when it is legal to invoke a particular method. According to DbC, calling a method when its preconditions are not established results in undefined behavior. How can you test for undefined behavior?
What the unit tester has really done is changed the contract on the tested code. They replaced the existing precondition with True (the universal precondition ... methods with a precondition of True may be called at any time). They also changed the postcondition to a stronger, more complicated one.
push (value: INTEGER) require not is_full ensure count = old count + 1 top = value
When you do robustness checking in a unit test, you generally transform the contract into something slightly different. This is often called "defensive programming".
push (value: INTEGER) -- Note: no precondition ensure success: (not old is_full) implies ((count = old count + 1) and (top = value)) failure: (old is_full) implies ((count = old count) and (top = old top)) error_set: old is_full = error
In this version, we added an error flag. We could have also specified an exception should be thrown.
Unfortunately, that's not necessarily the case.
-- Design by Contract version if not stack.is_full then stack.push (value) else -- handle full stack end
-- Defensive Programming Version stack.push (value) if stack.error then -- handle full stack end
Defensive programming can also hide problems in the code. By ignoring bad values, bad data can propagate further in a program.
By enabling contract precondition checking, we can immediately detect interface irregularities whenever they happen, whether in function tests or unit tests.
Although they are checking the same kind of behavior, their focus is different. DbC postconditions are general and answer the question of how a method responds under all possible legal conditions. Unit tests focus on how a method responds under certain, specific situations specified in the test.
Because DbC postconditions are general, they are able to check every invocation of the method for the proper behavior. They can be run during unit testing, but they also are in effect during functional testing (and normal program execution, assuming they aren't disabled), checking each and every invocation of the method. In contrast, unit tests only check a limited number of specific invocations.
Because they are more general, DbC postconditions are more difficult to write. In fact, sometimes the postcondition of a method can be more complicated that the actual code of the body.
resize (min_index, max_index: INTEGER) -- Resize to bounds `min_index' and `max_index'. -- Do not lose any item whose index is in both -- `lower..upper' and `min_index..max_index'. require valid_bounds: min_index <= max_index + 1 ensure new_lower: lower = min_index new_upper: upper = max_index default_if_too_small: min_index < old lower implies subarray (min_index, max_index.min (old lower - 1)).all_default default_if_too_large: max_index > old upper implies subarray (min_index.max (old upper + 1), max_index).all_default stable_in_intersection: subarray ((min_index.max (old lower)).min(old upper + 1), (max_index.min (old upper)).max(old lower - 1)).same_items (old subarray ((min_index.max (lower)).min(upper + 1), (max_index.min (upper)).max(lower - 1)))
The number of lines in the test case is actually longer that the postcondition above. But each individual test is simple and direct, and easy to verify that it is correct.
array: ARRAY[INTEGER] test_same_range is do array := <<1, 2, 3>>; array.resize (1,3) assert_array (1, 3, <<1, 2, 3>>, array) end test_included_range is do array := <<1, 2, 3>>; array.resize (1,1) assert_array (1, 1, <<1>>, array) end test_big_range is do array := <<1, 2, 3>>; array.resize (0, 5) assert_array (0, 5, <<0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0>>, array) end test_high_overlap is do array := <<1, 2, 3>>; array.resize (2, 5) assert_array (2, 5, <<2, 3, 0, 0>>, array) end test_low_overlap is do array := <<1, 2, 3>>; array.resize (-1, 1) assert_array (-1, 1, <<0, 0, 1>>, array) end test_no_overlap is do array := <<1, 2, 3>>; array.resize (5, 7) assert_array (5, 7, <<0, 0, 0>>, array) end
Note for non-Eiffel programmers: The form <<1, 2>> is a manifest array of two elements.
I'm glad you asked. Consider the push and pop methods on a STACK. push is fairly easy to specify using DbC...
push (value: INTEGER) ensure count = old count + 1 top = value
But pop is more difficult.
pop ensure count = old count - 1 -- What is the value of `top'
What is the value of the top of the stack after pop completes? Well, it depends upon the history of pushing and popping leading up to a given call to pop. The logic required to write a postcondition specifying the value of pop
Unit tests don't suffer the same problem. Since we are only testing a specific scenario, we know what the value of the top of the stack should be.
test_push_and_pop is do stack.push(5) assert_equal ("push5", 5, stack.top) stack.push(123) assert_equal ("push123", 123, stack.top) stack.pop assert_equal ("pop5", 5, stack.top) stack.pop assert ("empty", stack.is_empty) end
We see that although unit tests and Design by Contract assertions have a lot of overlap, but each has a different focus and different strong points. DbC preconditions are useful for checking inter-module correctness. Unit testing and DbC postconditions validate individual module behavior, with unit testing focusing on specific situations an DbC postconditions focusing on general behavior.
So, what does this mean in practice? I find that when I am doing Eiffel, I tend to specify preconditions along with a good set of unit tests. If the postconditions are obvious and easy to write, I will include them (mainly because postcondition are included in the short form view of a class). If the postconditions are difficult to specify in general, I might include them in comment form for the short view.
When I'm using something Java, or some other language with weaker support for Design by Contract, I definitely would use unit tests for checking individual modules. Depending on the availability of tools (e.g. some kind of assert mechanism), I would still do some level of precondition specification.
At the time of writing the original text (sometime in 2000), I was doing a lot of DbC and Eiffel programming and had just started using XP style unit tests. Today (sometime in 2003) I am no longer writing Eiffel code and doing very little "formal" DbC. I find that I still think of interfaces in terms of contracts with pre/post conditions, but instead using Eiffel-like assertions to define the pre/post-condition assertions, I now use unit tests to drive and define the shape of the software. Although the unit tests have a different focus than assertions (as noted in the article), I find that they are quite suitable for my needs and rarely find it necessary to supplement the coce with any additional pre/post-condition assertions.
At the time of writing the original text (sometime in 2000), I was doing a lot of DbC and Eiffel programming and had just started using XP style unit tests. Today (sometime in 2003) I am no longer writing Eiffel code and doing very little "formal" DbC. I find that I still think of interfaces in terms of contracts with pre/post conditions, but instead using Eiffel-like assertions to define the pre/post-condition assertions, I now use unit tests to drive and define the shape of the software.
Although the unit tests have a different focus than assertions (as noted in the article), I find that they are quite suitable for my needs and rarely find it necessary to supplement the coce with any additional pre/post-condition assertions.
Let's start by looking reviewing variation 2 in KataTwoRecursive. When we recurse, we need to carefully pass in the position of the subarray in the whole array so that the final result is correctly positioned in the whole array. The recursive calls looks like this …
if list[mid] > target chop_recursive(target, list[0...mid], offset) else chop_recursive(target, list[mid..-1], offset+mid) end
Note that if we didn't have to worry about the returning a -1 when the target value is not found, we could have written the recursive calls like this.
if list[mid] > target chop_recursive(target, list[0...mid]) # [1] else chop_recursive(target, list[mid..-1]) + mid # [2] end
As chop_recursive unwinds the stack, the correct offsets are added one by one until the final result correctly represents the correct value for the whole array.
There is an interesting difference between the recursive call at [1] and the recursive call at [2]. The call at [1] is tail recursive. This means that the result returned by the call at [1] is the result for the entire function. Once the call at [1] terminates, there is nothing to do but immediately return the result we just received.
A smart optimizing compiler can turn tail recursive calls into a jump to the beginning of the function (after reassigning the function parameters). In other words, tail recursion can be implemented using iteration without any stack growth.
There are a few languages where the tail recursion optimization is guaranteed by the language. Scheme is one such language. In Scheme, you never have to write a loop, the language will turn your tail recursive calls into loops automatically.
Unfortunately, the recursive call at [2] is not tail recursive. When [2] returns, it must continue to execute adding mid to result before returning. This little bit of work that must be done between the return of the call at [2], and the return of the main function call is called the continuation of [2]. It is where call [2] continues when it is done.
Wouldn't it be nice if we could turn the call at [2] into a tail recursive call? Then our entire function would be tail recursive and it could be implemented without stack growth.
This is actually not hard to do. Suppose we had a function that handled that little "+ mid" code for us. When we are ready to return a value, then we just need to let the contination handle any of the "adjustments" before returning the value. We could pass in the continuation function as an argument to the function and call it when we need to return.
Something like this …
def chop_cps(target, list, continuation) if list.size <= 1 (list[0] == target) ? continuation.call(0) : XXXXX ...
This says return the value +0+ if the list[0] matches the target value. The continuation function will apply any adjusts specified by the calling context. (The "XXXXX" represents how we handle the -1 return value. We will come back to this in a bit.)
Now we just need to create the continuations at the right points.
If we are recursing on the first half of the array (line [1] above), then there is no need to add anything. Our contination will just return the input value directly.
chop_cps(target, list[0...mid], proc{|x| continuation.call(x) }) # [1a]
Remember, continuation is the continuation of our current function call. In other words it is the code to execute when our current fuction returns. So, in order to properly return a value, we need to call continuation, passing in our result.
If we need to adjust the returned result by adding mid (line [2] above), then the continuation we pass needs to look like this …
chop_cps(target, list[mid..-1], proc{|x| continuation.call(x+mid) }) # [2a]
One final optimization. We notice that in [1a] we are just passing the return value without changing it. We can shorten that to just …
chop_cps(target, list[0...mid], continuation) # [1b]
Ok, we are ready to write the CPS style chop function … except for one thing! We don't know how to handle the case where the target value is not found!
The spec for the chop function says that we will return a negative one whenever the target value is not found. Unfortunately, if we return a negative one, the continuations from the calling methods clobber our error return by (possibly) adding the valud of mid to it (remember [2a] above?).
What we need is an alternative continuation where no adjustment is done. No problem! Since we are just using functions for continuations, we can pass in an "error reporting" continuation to handle failure. Our error return continuation would look like this:
proc { -1 }
Here's the code to the recursive version using CPS. Since we are passing two continuations into our recursive function, we will call the continuation for the normal return found and the continuation for the error return not_found.
def chop_cps(target, list) sub_chop_cps(target, list, proc{|x| x}, proc{-1}) end def sub_chop_cps(target, list, found, not_found) if list.size <= 1 (list[0] == target) ? found.call(0) : not_found.call else mid = list.size/2 if list[mid] > target sub_chop_cps( target, list[0...mid], found, not_found) else sub_chop_cps( target, list[mid..-1], proc{|x| found.call(x+mid)}, not_found) end end end class TestChopCpsRecursive < Test::Unit::TestCase alias chop chop_cps include ChopTests end
This implementation turned out to be surprisingly easy. No problems were encountered during the implementation.
I find the introduction of the not_found continuation very interesting. Why does the chop function return a negative one as an error value? Why doesn't it throw an exception?
With the not_found continuation, we can decide at runtime how errors are to be reported. For example, to switch to an exception throwing version of chop, all we have to do is …
def chop_cps(target, list) sub_chop_cps( target, list, proc{|x| x}, proc{ fail "Value #{target} not found." }) end
This is cool!
Some of you are no doubt surprised that this entire discussion of continuations never touched on Ruby's callcc mechanism. We will save callcc for the next session, along with two or three more variations on the CPS variation introduced here.
That discussion eventually led to the creation of Rake. But it seems others seem to have similar thoughts.
James Duncan Davidson, the original ant developer, writes …
Jonathon Simon is also talking about scripting ant, but using Jython access the ant object module. In an email to the ant-dev mailing list, he lays out some of his ideas. (He even mentions using JRuby.)
It will be interesting to watch where this goes. I suspect that the XML ant build script may have its days numbered.
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The famed 14th-century French chef Taillevent made pea soup with milk, chicken, and eggs. Ours is far simpler. When buying fresh green peas—which appear in markets under several names, among them shell peas, english peas, and garden peas—look for pods that are bright green in color and snap crisply when you bend them. Although peas often become available in the spring, they are usually at their best in the summer months.
6 cups Chicken Stock
3 russet potatoes, peeled and chopped
6 scallions, white part only, chopped
4 lbs. fresh peas, shelled to yield 4 cups
Salt and freshly ground white pepper
Chopped chives
1. Bring chicken stock to a boil in a medium saucepan over medium-high heat. Add potatoes to stock, reduce heat to medium-low, and cook until tender, about 10 minutes.
2. Add scallions; cook for 5 minutes. Add peas, increase heat to medium, and cook until just tender (to keep fresh pea taste), about 5 minutes.
3. Purée pea mixture in a blender or food processor. Press through a strainer using a spoon. Return briefly to heat. Season with salt, pepper, and chives.


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"Quaint and efficient"Reviewed by a Hotels.com guest on Dec 5, 2012
This hotel works well, especially the breakfast! Beware though that Oct - April is "off-season" and many hotels, restaurants and spas are closed. Great dining and shopping on the main street, even found a small laundromat right up the street. Be sure to take the public bus to Montecatini Alto for lunch.
"Good Location and Nice staff"Reviewed by a Hotels.com guest on Oct 11, 2012
There is a lot to do in this area and it's so easy to get to neighboring towns like Lucca, Pisa, Viareggio, Firenze, Prato and Pistoia by train. The hotel is about a 5 minute walk from the train station but it is a little confusing to find so do print out or make a little map or just pick up one when you get into town which is what I did. Streets aren't always labeled with names. The pool both indoor and outdoor is not at the San Marco hotel property itself it's around the corner in the Grand Le Plac Hotel which is lovely and one of the Leading Hotels of the World. You get to use their facilities. The outdoor pool is available free/indoor pool has a charge but 20%discount for San Marco guests and a Turkish sauna which was incredible. Remember to bring a towel from the San Marco else you have to pay to rent one at the indoor pool. As for the town I do recommend going up to Montecatini Alto which is by funicular and the little train tour that goes through town every 40 minutes and is very nice. It's a great walking city and I found lots of great food that wasn't expensive as well. Breakfast was great and the staff is so wonderful in the dining room. I was getting over a cold and each morning they made me green tea the minute they saw me enter to room, so sweet. Also do think about going to the Thermal Redi Spa which is one of several spas in the town. It's not expensive but you must bring your own towel! And it's great for circulation issues.
"Excellent service and very much enjoyed Rodolfo"Reviewed by a Hotels.com guest on Aug 15, 2012
Excellent and Rodolfo went out of his way to make us feel welcome
"Nice Area to Explore"Reviewed by a Hotels.com guest on Jun 25, 2012
We arrived very late in the evening for check in and had a little trouble locating the staff but once we did everything was handled efficiently. The hotel is older but the bathrooms were modern. We were just stopping for one evening and slept very well. The pool area did look like it could use some maintenance. The staff were exceptionally friendly and accommodating. Wish we would have had more time in this area!!
"great old hotel"Reviewed by joe g of "bonita springs fl" on Apr 10, 2012
from the moment you arrive, you are greated warmly by the front desk staff. we stayed four nights.the front desk people helped with dinner reservations. suggestions, and helped with some minor computer problems i was having. breakfast was very good and plentiful. the rooms large, spacious bathrooms. the location was right off the main piazza . the only negative was the noise from the square as it was spring break and the town was full of young people having a good time. (all night) ask for a room that does not face the street. i also had the pleasure of meeting and having a conversation with the owner, a real gentleman. would go back in a minute. Special place , specila people.
"Hotel Innocenti"Reviewed by Gina P. of "Tennessee" on Aug 2, 2011
We stayed here on our way to see Pisa. It was about 40 minutes from Pisa, but the small town was nice, friendly, and the employees at Innocenti were very helpful. Breakfast was great. The A/C in our room didn't work, so we slept with the window open - a little noisy. Tuesday nights here, all the shops stay open until midnight, they decorate the streets, etc.
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Search for native plants by scientific name, common name or family. If you are not sure what you are looking for, try the Combination Search or our Recommended Species lists.
A 6-8 ft. shrub, sometimes taller, with multiple, erect-arching stems in a loose, round habit. White, flat-topped flower clusters are followed by dark blue berries. Lustrous, dark-green foliage turns yellow to wine-red in fall. A shrub with downy twigs, coarsely toothed leaves, and flat-topped clusters of small, white flowers. Some botanists recognize two separate species for this highly variable plant, the other being northern Arrowwood (V. recognitum) with smooth twigs.
Spring Azure (Celastrina "ladon" ) Larval Host |
View propagation protocol from Native Plants Network.
Plant identfication
October 21, 2009
Hi...Can you please identfy the tall, evergreen shrub with purple plum-colored foliage that I have noticed in winter locally?...Hope so, need he color! THX
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Region: | AGCP | AK | AW | CB | EMP | GP | HI | MW | NCNE | WMVE |
Status: | FAC | FAC | FAC | FAC | FAC |


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Hungering for God
In Psalm 42:1-2 King David cried out, "As the deer pants for streams of water, so my soul pants for you, O God. My soul thirsts for God, for the living God. When can I go and meet with God?"
I don't know about you, but I'm afraid the feelings that David expressed here are rarely a reality for me. A hunger for God; an overwhelming desire to please Him; an anticipation to meet with Him; a thirst to drink from His Word -- are these things that occupy our minds? Or do they get squeezed out by the busyness of life?
Is hungering for God important? Well, if He is our very life, and apart from Him we can do nothing, and without Him we will not see success, and in Him alone we find joy, hope, love, peace and purpose, then we might want to make cultivating our appetite for God a top priority.
Why is it so difficult to maintain such a hunger for God? John Piper observes with great insight that,
"The greatest adversary of love to God is not His enemies but His gifts. And the most deadly appetites are not for the poison of evil, but for the simple pleasures of earth. For when these replace an appetite for God Himself, the idolatry is scarcely recognizable, and almost incurable... These are not vices. These are gifts from God. They are your basic meat and potatoes and coffee and gardening and reading and decorating and traveling and investing and TV-watching and Internet-surfing and shopping and exercising and collecting and talking. And all of them can become deadly substitutes for God."
God's desire is that we enjoy Him so that our needs will be met. He loves to reward us as we find our joy in Him. Is something or someone else replacing God's premier place in your affections? Does something else occupy your mind and energy day by day? Even the best of things in life can give you and me a false sense of fulfillment. Ultimately only God can satisfy. We were created by Him -- to honor Him, to serve Him, and to find our life in Him alone.
Scripture: Luke 8:14 - "And the seed which fell among the thorns, these are the ones who have heard, and as they go on their way they are choked with worries and riches and pleasures of this life, and bring no fruit to maturity."
Action Point: Do you need to offer something to God as a sacrifice or fast in order to reorder your priorities with Him? He longs to fellowship with you.
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Friday, March 2, 2012
The 'Certainty' Myth
"Business groups have welcomed (the resolution of the) leadership ballot, saying having Julia Gillard remain prime minister delivers certainty to small business," one article said, quoting the small business council. Echoing that view was big business council boss Graham Bradley, who told The Australian, that business needed, yes, "certainty" and an end to the Labor feud.
And on and on it went, as a cavalcade of CEOs, pinstriped bankers, cigar-chomping miners and sundry thinktankers lined up to plead that the very wheels of capitalism were at risk of falling off if Kevin and Julia did not bury the hatchet in one or the other's head as of yesterday.
The reflex approach of journalists in reporting the claims of big and small business is to start from the assumption that everything they say is true and noble and civic minded. No-one ever suspects that they have anything else in mind than the good of the general community. Certainty? Why yes, sir, it is quite unfair that you should ever have to live without your every endeavour being greased by the wheels of the state.
The first assumption here, of course, is that democracy is all fine and dandy, but the big end of town really does prefer that the real red-in-tooth-and-claw nature of politics not get in the way of their making money. And if politicians' heads are to be cracked it is preferable that the business council or minerals council be the ones doing the cracking.
The second assumption is that the desire for 'certainty' is solely the preserve of capitalists. Yet in the past 30 years, wage and salary slaves have had to wear more and more risk themselves - in the form of reduced employment conditions, the impact of hugely volatile markets on their retirement savings , the gradual move to 'user pays' in health care and the slow destruction of public education while the rich are subsidised by the state into private schools. But that uncertainty is OK, it seems, because it is about imposing the discipline of 'the market' to every part of the wider public's lives.
So we witness the utter hypocrisy of capitalists preaching the need for 'certainty' for themselves while telling everyone else to suck up the market forces. Yet those same "industry leaders" go crawling to the government for taxpayer bailouts when their businesses find market forces too much to bear. They privatise their profits and socialise their losses without a hint of embarrassment.
So confronted with this special pleading from business, journalists could do the public a favour by exercising the scepticism that they pride themselves on when reporting the vainglorious utterances of politicians. They might also like to test business' claims against what is actually going on in the financial markets.
For instance, the Australian dollar - commonly seen as the canary in the coal mine of global risk sentiment - has gained 5 per cent against the US dollar this year and throughout the Gillard-Rudd stoush has traded between $US1.06 and $1.08, near the top of its recent range. It also has approached six month highs against the yen and has continued its ascent even as our terms of trade begin to decline.
Indeed, since Gillard came to office in June, 2010, the Australian dollar has climbed 23 per cent against its US counterpart, the second strongest performance out of 31 currencies tracked by Bloomberg. So if the currency is a measure of the perceived health of the Australian economy, the "uncertainty" of the Labor ructions these past 18 months is clearly not an influence.
Also bear in mind that the reason the Australian dollar is so strong is the unprecedented foreign demand for Australian government bonds, which are among the last 'AAA'-rated issues left in the world. According to Bloomberg, Aussie government bonds have returned 40 per cent for foreign buyers since Gillard took over. At the same time, the cost to insure our government debt - as measured by credit default swaps - has hit six month lows this week.
This is telling you that big money investors - portfolio managers with billions at stake - were not spooked in the slightest by the catfight in Canberra. In other words, people running bond portfolios out of London, Tokyo or New York knew that whoever won the ballot, the macro policy settings would not change.
So we have local business leaders and rent-seekers running around screaming the sky is about to fall in - and journalists blandly reporting their whining - while big international capitalists just see a remarkably stable and well managed safe haven offering attractive bond yields of around 4 per cent and an appreciating currency.
The irony is that part of the reason Gillard has been in trouble in the polls has been the damage that the strong currency is doing to just about every industry outside a supercharged resource sector. If you recall, Labor did have a plan to deal with that imbalance. It was called the RSPT. But then business pleaded for certainty.....
26 comments:
- AnonymousFebruary 28, 2012 at 11:09 PM
"So we witness the utter hypocrisy of capitalists preaching the need for 'certainty' for themselves while telling everyone else to suck up the market forces Yet those same "industry leaders" go crawling to the government for taxpayer bailouts when their businesses find market forces too much to bear."
Paul Espie on Lateline last night was another example: http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2012/s3440888.htm
I often wonder how some of these industry leaders keep a straight face.
Great post Mr D.
johnny come lately - AnonymousFebruary 29, 2012 at 10:21 AM
This piece should be published in The Age, The Australian, The Drum, The (gasp) Fin Review - it deserves much wider readership
ReplyDelete That would be the same Graham Bradley who, as head of Bluescope, was warned repeatedly that China would become a net exporter of steel. Bradley batted away the idea that it would profoundly change Bluescope's market environment. Then, China became a net exporter of steel, which was part of a whole lot of economic developments which saw the $au appreciate against other currencies - all of which were eminently foreseeable.
Bradley can't handle certainty. Bradley doesn't know about management. Then again, questioning Bradley wouldn't be proper journalism, would it.- AnonymousFebruary 29, 2012 at 11:46 AM
A question as to procedure Mr D, if you would.
You write "the ritual calls from business leaders for the removal blah blah blah".
Who would have initiated those ritual calls?
Did the journos call the business leaders or did the business leader[s] contact the journos [via instructions from an editor perhaps?].
Who made the running here, in your experience?
Whose idea was this?
fred - AnonymousFebruary 29, 2012 at 11:48 AM
OOps, the reference to editors is misplaced, it should refer to the journos.
fred Fred, you're asking did journos initiate the calls. Check out this news release from the BCA:
http://www.bca.com.au/Content/101945.aspx- AnonymousFebruary 29, 2012 at 12:10 PM
Speaking the truth to power is no longer to be found in our pathetic msn. It is only found in the best of the internet sites like Mr Denmore's. Good on you you are worth bottling!
ReplyDelete - AnonymousFebruary 29, 2012 at 2:05 PM
Another ace Mr Denmore.
However, the likelihood of a similarly clear-headed and clearly-written analysis appearing in mainstream media outlets is ... uncertain
Fractious - AnonymousFebruary 29, 2012 at 7:01 PM
I saw red when The Age was blaming Julia Gillard for Alcoa threatening to close its Point Henry smelter.
The smelter was built 50 years ago to process low-grade bauxite, the plant is powered by cheap electricity provided by the State Electricity Commission. The plant hasn't had a substantial upgrade, alternate sources of higher grade bauxite are now available, cheaper power is available in Iceland. The then Liberal Premier of Victoria, Jeff Kennett broke up the State Electricity Commission in 1992 and the electricity generation is owned by British for profit interests. The directors of the Alcoa Australia holding company AWC have won the accolades of financial analysts. NOT
The Age prints so many lies it's disturbing.
Billie - rhwombatFebruary 29, 2012 at 8:49 PM
I suspect that the major reason that Gillard has been so hounded is that she is the most adept minority negotiator (probably because she isn't a big, swinging, authoritarian dick like Rudd, Abbot (a dick AND an ex-journalist) and the rest of the schoolboys). This makes it a lot harder for the rest of the bullying clique (said CEOs, bankers, miners and their tame think tank propagandists) to quietly capture the agenda without letting the peons know it was cooked (vide Rudd's RSPT and the neutered dog's breakfast of his attempt to do something about carbon emissions). Thank Dog that sufficient numbers in the caucus aren't still dedicated members of the Fight Club.
There really is something vitally reaffirming about having a female PM who negotiates the filthy compromises required as openly as she can - the least important, but most satisfying, being that the reduces the petulant schoolchildren (especially the bullying prefect, his poodle and his masters) to inchoate rage. - NewsgirlMarch 5, 2012 at 9:10 AM
Wonderful article Mr D.
Pity it isn't in one of the main papers to show them up - AnonymousMarch 6, 2012 at 3:42 PM
What amazes me in all this is that while it's blindingly obvious to all of us who are interested in public policy, the actual members of the Government have been so ham fisted in taking on these groups. One of the many successes of the Hawke Government was the adroitness in dealing with interest groups and ensuring that they were both heard, but that the government's own messages were heard. Rudd, Gillard and Swan have fumbled so many dealings with the interest groups that they've lost more than they've won. The thing with interest groups is that you must be adroit and pragmatic: build your case publicly and privately, step back when you need to and move when you can. All the best politicians do this, and are able, over time, to shift the agenda. The RSPT was so ineptly handled that it played straight into the miners hands. Yes, one media group certainly helped, but as this article correctly shows, if you let the interest groups do the talking, the blatent self-interest becomes obvious.
ReplyDelete Good points, Anonymous. It's worth listening to George Megalogenis' discussion on ABC with Richard Fidler. You can get it on podcast. George makes the point that the difference now to the '80s reforms was that the government had the opposition on its side. Pragmatic, economically rational reform like the RSPT would have been easier to get through then because the Opposition was not being partisan for the sake of it. Unfortunately, as Swan rightly points out in his essay in The Monthly, Abbott and the ugly crew he leads have taken on the tactics of the Tea Party - and we're gradually sliding in the US mould of gridlock through perpetual partisanship.


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Forum Post: Gisele Bundchen blasts pats WRs
how the hell can you let a bunch of imbeciles get under your skin to that extent? she is a spoiled baby. And were it you after the game, being taunted for wearing a Brady jersey, you would have ignore more »
Forum Post: Christmas 2011 REPORT CARD
So you're picking the Ravens to beat the Patriots at the Razor? I'm not sure they will get past the Steelers. True, they did win both regular season games. But usually the Steelers have their number o more »
Forum Post: Christmas 2011 REPORT CARD
5 - West Division to beat Pittsburgh and Houston to beat the other West Division. Us to beat. 6 - The Pats to beat that wild card and Houston to beat Baltimore 7 - The Pats to beat Houston 8 - Both GB more »
Forum Post: Why I don't like Tebow!
There are certain players who always get the press. Sometimes it's for positive things, sometimes negative. That's what it's like for Tebow. The same way Peyton Manning would get all the headlines...w more »
Forum Post: P.E.T.A. charges pending
The Broncos aren't dead, they are still very much alive and kicking! They are leading their divison, and I don't see the Raiders overcoming them. The Colts, on the other hand, are not only dead...but more »
Forum Post: Is Tebow an alien?
Great story, Glen! Only one question...where can I get some of that good stuff you've been smoking??? more »
Forum Post: Another sick story
In Response to Re: Another sick story: [QUOTE]In Response to Re: Another sick story : You just assume that what the guy said is the truth. Maybe he got his as* kicked for something else & is a vengefu more »
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In Response to Re: Another sick story: [QUOTE]In Response to Re: Another sick story : You need to take your panties off & put on a pair of pants. Being PC is what is ruining this country. Posted by xx more »
Forum Post: Week 6 Power Rankings Are Out
Power rankings are just something these guys made up to fill in air time! If (as it suggests) that these teams would be the toughest to play against, then I would concede the Lions the #2 spot. You re more »
Forum Post: Does 7 straight Colts losses eliminate them from the playoffs?
Of course UD (were he here) would say that last proves Manning is the better QB...his team's utter FAILURE when he's not there. And paint Tom Brady as a "system" QB! Though, that being said, he'd conv more »
Forum Post: Aaron Rodgers - Anyone else think he's a big baby?
Sounds to me like UD is a bit frustrated! Not that I blame him...it must be hard to realize your team may not win a game all season! I remember being the same way back in the 70s when the Patriots wer more »
Forum Post: Good News on Danny Woodhead
Danny Woodhead certainly cannot be "replaced" by one guy. What he does in the offense is unique. Faulk can't come back yet, and we don't know how well he'll do when he does. But the big issue the Jest more »
Forum Post: Mike Florio Patriots-Raiders Prediction
my only fault with your statement is that the Pats said the same thing before the Giants held them to 14 points in feb 2008 Point taken...but irrelevant. The Giants at the time had the best defense in more »
Forum Post: Patriots @ Bills REPORT CARD
Well, I'm still sticking to what Brady would say...it was a team effort to meltdown that badly! Brady certainly made some bad throws. Unless Woodhead was wearing an 87 jersey, the throw that got picke more »
Forum Post: Plain and simple who in the AFC is better then the Pats?
It's mere guessing at this point, as everyone is 0-0. But I think the Ravens, Chargers, and Jets are the biggest threats. The Steelers lost the SB, and that may affect them. It sure did last time. Eve more »
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In Response to Re: Darius Butler Released!!!!!!!!!!!!: [QUOTE]All these failed high draft picks and people still get upset when Bill trades the high picks away for multiple ones in later rounds Posted more »
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Well, if not winning the SB is a "fail" as you call it, then 31 teams are failures every year! And you should know having the "best" player in the league does not guarantee a championship! There have more »
Forum Post: YIKES! Peyton needs another neck procedure?
I don't know how much stock to put into the article. We all know how it is when they cite "unnamed sources"! If true this will be devastating to the Colts. Though Kerry Collins is not a bad QB, he's o more »
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The only thing I laugh about is you, Babe! By now I'm sure we all know how much you dislike BB. Funny thing is, though, that there are still a lot of draft picks on the 2011 defense. Sure, he's brough more »
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Another INT for McCourty! more »
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Looks like Vince and Albert are getting some push to the QB, first play a turnover...first and goal at the one! For myself I want to see Brady play at least a quarter and get his rhythm. Even when he more »
Forum Post: GMEN!!!!
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Forum Post: Worst Moments in Patriots' History
1. Super Bowl 42. I think I need say no more. 2. 2006 AFCCG in Indy. Thinking Miami at halftime then the collapse. I remember thinking "where's Willie to stop Addai?" The only way that season could ha more »
Forum Post: Welker Thrilled WIth 2011 Team
Sure, Wes isn't going to badmouth the guy. But he was telling it like it is. We all know Tate has talent. What Wes mentioned was that he needed consistency. He didn't "heap praise" on him. Tate will n more »
Forum Post: "2011 Patriots Defense"
I happen to think they could have one of the best secondaries in the NFL. Last year they were great at times. But when given 10 seconds or more, even Sanchez can look like Joe Montana! Any time the op more »


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A nerd that likes to waste his life. Simply put I play all the soul destroying games such as World of Warcraft. I like to sit down with massive RPGs and lose 100 hours of my life. Of course I wouldn't be here if that was all I liked...I want to work for Blizzard Entertainment in California or Valve in Seattle. For those of you wondering I will likely be exclusively working with the Source Engine and creating content in the SDK. See you later.
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I would have to disagree with the sentiment of Confederate reenactors being racist. The reason behind this. Several years ago I attended an event in Mississippi. Across the road from the event site was a bar-b-que joint/bar. This was owned by an African-Amercian gentleman. While we were going to camp on that Friday night one of the employees hollered at us telling us that they sold bar-b-que plates for $5.00. I along with several in our unit, in our Confederate uniforms,went over to the establishment, ordered our food, and drank several beers. I couldn't help but notice that the man working behind the bar told us to watch the place, and he went out by the door and was telling all the participants that were walking by, about the plate lunches. No Federals even came over there. There were some (Federals) that even walked faster and acted like they didn't hear him. Saturday was the funnest. There were nothing but Confederates at the establishment,that evening. Not once did I see any one in a Federal uniform. That Sunday I talked to one of the gentleman that worked there, and he said "that not one of those damn yankees ever stepped foot across the street." That man was funny to talk to. He added that the establishment made more money that weekend than it made monthly. He invited us back,and you know what? That bar-b-que was extremely tasty. I am looking foward to eating there again. He was a nice person and there was respect going both ways. i heard several yessir and nosirs coming from both the Confederates, the patrons and employees. |


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I say TCU plays no real teams...
lets break these teams down based on who they play....
Sat, Sep 4 (24) Oregon State
a semi decent game but its a 2 loss team just 5 games in..
Sat, Sep 11 Tennessee Tech
really???? a team lost too Southeast Missouri State
Sat, Sep 18 Baylor
a 4 and 2 team...and I mean it's Baylor....
Fri, Sep 24 at Southern Methodist
is this a team ???? I'm southern Baptist...is that kinda the same???
Sat, Oct 2 at Colorado State
FINALLY a real team...well a real bad team (1 and 5)
Sat, Oct 9 Wyoming
GO COWBOYS...but ya need to go a little harder than 2 and 4 lol
Sat, Oct 16 Brigham Young
I love this school =)...no smatass remarks here about them being 2 and 4
Sat, Oct 23 (23) Air Force
WooHoo5 and 1....1 loss ..sweet...but its to Oklahoma...the only real team they played
Sat, Oct 30 at UNLV
1 amd 5...nuff said
Sat, Nov 6 at (11) Utah
gonna beat Bosie so I like Utah...but what the hells a 'Ute'????
Sat, Nov 13 San Diego State
3 and 2...they beat the powerhoust team of ......Nicholls wtf??
Sat, Nov 27 at New Mexico
1 and 4...wow...
so the teams on TCU's schedule so far are a whopping 32 and 37
by comparision teams on Alabama's schedule are 42 and 26


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Website | http://indianatrackclub.com |
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Additional Contact | Rick Rumple (Indiana Track Club Youth Program Coordinator) |
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Big utility bill sinking your budget? Make the planet and your wallet greener by plugging up these five surprising home energy leaks.
If you enjoy the jolt of caffeine, but don't enjoy coffee or soda, soon you'll be able to get your stimulant boost from a convenient spray applied directly to the skin.
After traveling to Europe and Australia, one writer has learned a several energy-saving tips that he's eager to bring home.
If you're sleepy, sluggish, or feeling sapped, don't just sit there — try these tricks to get your energy back up.
You'll find power guzzlers in both likely and unlikely places around your home. But by making some fairly painless changes, you can see big savings.
Time is money, but only if you are using your time... energetically.
What is the most important quality to determining employee success? According to author Robert Sutton, nothing is as crucial as "energy."
Saving water is not only good for the planet, it can be a highly efficient way to cut your water and energy bills (energy to heat the water).
A few times I've written a post that I thought was good, but that seemed to vanish into the blogosphere without a trace. On my two-year anniversary of writing for Wise Bread, I
Your water heater can account for 13% of home energy costs. The good news is that there are small, easy tweaks you can make to lower those costs and conserve energy at the same ti
Stephen Leeb's new book makes that case that we're running into resource limits on every front--energy, metals, water--and that this problem is going to affect everything we do. T
I've tried to avoid predicting energy prices, except to say that they'll be volatile. I'm not a bit surprised to see oil and gasoline prices dropping by half in the past few month
In this day and age of the internet, free Google 411 and a host of other paperless directory services, what use do the big, fat phone directories serve? I don't know about you, but
Whenever I write a post about energy, I point out that we know it's possible to have a high standard of living while using less energy--people in European countries do, so it must
At any port you can probably see hundreds to thousands of empty shipping containers just sitting around waiting to be loaded. In recent times these containers have not only transp
Recession or not, I think the medium-term trend in energy costs is up. Just in case I'm right, you ought to have plan for that.
This weekend the clocks "spring forward." I'm not a huge fan of DST . In fact, I'm not a fan of anything that steals
Talk about investments and most people think stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, plus maybe real estate and commodities like precious metals. Let's call those "financial inve
Are you paying through your nose to heat your home this winter? Is your heater broken? Read on for some practical tips to reduce your energy bill and stay warm at the same time.
CNN predicted a 22% increase in the cost
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before notes: this is NOT a fan fic i write…
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Hi! I just posted the final part of the final chapter of "A New Life"!!!! Hope you enjoy it, and remeber to return for the epi!
Hey there, was wondering if you could please check out my fan fiction, "Verge." It's about Seth Clearwater. If you dont, that's fine, (But i hope you do!)
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Hi! The 1st part of the LAST chapter of A New Life is up! Enjoy :)
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Well its dream for every person to have a limousine, but only a few people get a chance to buy it because it is very expensive. It is not in the budget of all the people .but now you can sit in it.
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Horrible, pass away from this film, is one of the worst remakes I've ever seen, completely offended the history of classic character. A movie trash that is best done by this succession of horrors, awful story, horrible special effects, fights evil tested, only the actor Jason Momoa is saved well by incorporating the role of Conan. For the rest go away from this film
I'm 55 and went to see Arnold's version back when I was in my 20's. Although I enjoyed his version better. I still enjoyed this one. I was in the mood for action and that's what I got. I went into it realizing that the action would overshadow the acting (it usually does in strong action flicks) so I was not bothered by it. Despite this I thought the movie was still pretty good.
This guy is a little to puny to fill the shoes of Arnold. Needed to bulk up just a little bit more to play this role. Good action not enough acting
I absolutely loved Conan! I am BIG fan of Jason Momoa first and foremost but I enjoyed the show itself also. Yes there was a lot of blood etc. but they are barbarians, back then it's how they lived. I'm going to see it again just as soon as I can! :-)
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Jackie's Joke Hunt 67
Saturday night at The Comedy Shoppe, on a platform in a Holiday Inn in Parsippany, was as much fun as I've ever had on stage anywhere. Great crowd, great "Stump The Joke Man," just a hoot.
Marlow with the girls of WDHA-NJ:
Lindsay, Ashley, & Broadway
Ian & I loved last week's Jackie's Joke Hunt 67, The Upchuck Hunt. A killer, with guests Von "Mae West" Sayers & Rajiv "Green Card" Satyal.