text:
Syrian Armed Forces
The Syrian Armed Forces (Arabic: القوات المسلحة العربية السورية) are the military forces of Syria. They consist of the Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Air Defense Force, and several paramilitary forces. According to the Syrian Constitution, the President of Syria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
The military is a conscripted force; males serve in the military upon reaching the age of 18.[4] Before the beginning of the Syrian civil war, the obligatory military service period was being decreased over time. In 2005, it was reduced from two and a half years to two years, in 2008 to 21 months and in 2011 to year and a half.[5]
The French Mandate volunteer force, which would later become the Syrian army, was established in 1920 with the threat of Syrian−Arab nationalism in mind. Although the unit's officers were originally all French, it was, in effect, the first indigenous modern Syrian army. In 1925, this force was expanded and designated as the Special Troops of the Levant (Troupes Spéciales du Levant). In 1941, during World War II, the Army of the Levant participated in a futile resistance to the British and Free French invasion that ousted the Vichy French from Syria during the Syria–Lebanon Campaign. After the Allies takeover, the army came under the control of the Free French and was designated the Levantine Forces (Troupes du Levant).[6]
French Mandate authorities maintained a gendarmerie to police Syria's vast rural areas. This paramilitary force was used to combat criminals and political foes of the Mandate government. As with the Levantine Special Troops, French officers held the top posts, but as Syrian independence approached, the ranks below major were gradually filled by Syrian officers who had graduated from the Homs Military Academy, which had been established by the French during the 1930s. In 1938, the Troupes Spéciales numbered around 10,000 men and 306 officers (of whom 88 were French, mainly in the higher ranks). A majority of the Syrian troops were of rural background and minority ethnic origin, mainly Alawis, Druzes, Kurds, and Circassians. By the end of 1945, the army numbered about 5,000 and the gendarmerie some 3,500. In April 1946, the last French officers were forced to leave Syria due to sustained resistance offensives; the Levantine Forces then became the regular armed forces of the newly independent state and grew rapidly to about 12,000 by the time of the 1948 Arab−Israeli War, the first of four Arab−Israeli wars between 1948 and 1986.[7]
Post Second World War[edit]
The Syrian Armed Forces fought in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War (against Israel), and were involved in a number of military coups. Between 1948 and 1967, a series of military coups destroyed the stability of the government and any remaining professionalism within the armed forces. In March 1949, the chief of staff, General Husni al-Za'im, installed himself as president. Two more military dictators followed by December 1949. General Adib Shishakli then held power until deposed in the 1954 Syrian coup d'etat. Further coups followed, each attended by a purge of the officer corps to remove supporters of the losers from the force.[8]
In 1963, the Military Committee of the Syrian Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party spent most of its time planning to take power through a conventional military coup. From the very beginning, the Military Committee knew it had to capture al-Kiswah and Qatana, two military camps, seize control of the 70th Armoured Brigade at al-Kiswah, the Military Academy in the city of Homs and the Damascus radio station. While the conspirators of the Military Committee were all young, their aim was not out of reach; the sitting regime had been slowly disintegrating and the traditional elite had lost effective political power over the country.[9] A small group of military officers, including Hafez al-Assad, soon seized control in the March 1963 Syrian coup d'etat. Following the coup, General Amin al-Hafiz discharged many ranking Sunni officers, thereby, Stratfor says, 'providing openings for hundreds of Alawites to fill top-tier military positions during the 1963-1965 period on the grounds of being opposed to Arab unity. This measure tipped the balance in favor of Alawite officers who staged a coup in 1966 and for the first time placed Damascus in the hands of the Alawites.'[10]
The Armed Forces were involved in the 1967 Six Day War (against Israel). Since 1967, most of the Golan Heights territory of southwestern Syria has been under Israeli occupation. They then fought in the late 1960s War of Attrition (against Israel), and the 1970 Black September invasion of Jordan. During the Yom Kippur War of 1973 the Syrian Army launched an invasion of Israel that was only narrowly repulsed. Since 1973 the cease-fire line has been respected by both sides, with very few incidents until the Syrian uprising of 2011 began.
Syria was invited into Lebanon by that country's president in 1976, to intervene on the side of the Lebanese government against a rebellion of PLO and Lebanese forces. The Arab Deterrent Force originally consisted of a Syrian core with participation by some other Arab League states. However the other states withdrew their forces in the late 1970s.
Syrian presence in Lebanon[edit]
Syrian forces, still technically known as the Arab Deterrent Force, 1976 - At the invitation of the Lebanese government, Syria sends troops, called the Arab Deterrent Force, to help end the civil war. Arab states approve of the Syrian presence as an Arab Deterrent Force in October. Eventually the Syrians brought most of the nation under their control, as part of a power-struggle with Israel, which occupied areas of southern Lebanon in 1978. Following the end of the Lebanese civil war in 1990, the Syrian presence in Lebanon continued until 2005, when they were forced out by widespread public protest and international pressure, following the murder of Rafiq al-Hariri. About 20,000 Syrian soldiers were deployed in Lebanon until 27 April 2005, when the last of Syria's troops left the country.[4] Syrian forces have been accused of involvement in that murder, as well as continued meddling in Lebanese affairs by March 14 Alliance, and an international investigation into the Hariri killing and several subsequent bomb attacks has been launched by the UN.
Other engagements[edit]
Engagements since 1979 have included the Islamic uprising in Syria (1979–82), notably including the Hama Massacre, the 1982 Lebanon War (against Israel), and the dispatch of the 9th Armoured Division to Saudi Arabia in 1990–91, ahead of the Gulf War against Iraq. The 9th Armoured Division served as the Arab Joint Forces Command North reserve and saw little action.[11] Syria's force numbered ~20,000 in strength (the 6th largest contingent[12]) and their involvement was justified domestically as an effort to defend Saudi Arabia. Syria's initial involvement in Operation Desert Shield also rolled into the Allied Operation Desert Storm as Syrian forces did participate in helping dislodge and drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait City. Total losses sustained were 2 dead and 1 wounded. There were indications the Syrian government had been prepared to double its force to 40,000.[13]
In recent years Syria has relied on Russian arms purchases to obtain modern weapons. Purchases have included anti-tank and air defence systems. In early September 2008, the Syrian government ordered MiG-29SMT fighters,[14] Pantsir S1E air-defence systems, Iskander tactical missile systems, Yak-130 aircraft, and two Amur-1650 submarines from Russia. Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov asserted that the sale wouldn't upset the balance of power in the Middle East and were "in line with ..international law."
Russia aims to turn the Russian naval base in Tartus into a permanent naval base. Israel and the United States oppose further arms sales to Syria due to fears that the weapons could fall under the control of Iran or Hezbollah fighters in Lebanon.[15]
Syrian civil war[edit]
Since the Syrian civil war began, the Armed Forces have been sent to fight the insurgents. As the uprising progressed into civil war, many soldiers began to defect from the Syrian Armed Forces and came together under the banner of the Free Syrian Army.[16] In March 2012, the Syrian government issued new travel restrictions for military-aged males. Under the new restrictions, reported by local Syrian news outlets, all males between 18 and 42 were banned from traveling outside the country.[17] In a late June 2012 interview given by the FSA's Alsharq Al Awsat he claimed Riad al-Asaad said that about 20-30 Syrian officers defected to Turkey each day.[18]
On 18 July 2012 Syrian Defence Minister Dawoud Rajha, former defence minister Hasan Turkmani, and the president's brother-in-law General Assef Shawkat were killed by a bomb attack in Damascus.[19][20] The Syrian intelligence chief Hisham Bekhityar, and Head of the 4th Army Division Maher Al Assad brother to President Assad were also injured in the same explosion.[21]
Since the start of the Syrian civil war, human rights groups say that the majority of abuses have been committed by the Syrian government's forces, and UN investigations have concluded that the government's abuses are the greatest in both gravity and scale.[22][23] The branches of the Syrian Armed Forces that have committed war crimes include at least the Syrian Arab Army,[24][25] Syrian Arab Air Force[26] and the Syrian Military Intelligence.[27] However the Syrian Authorities denies these accusations [28][29] and claims are Irregulars Armed groups with foreign support[30][31] who are behind from all the Atrocities during the Armed conflict including Al Qaeda linked Insurgents.[32][33]
With its headquarters in Damascus, the Syrian military consists of air, ground, and navy forces. Active personnel were estimated as 295,000 in 2011, with an additional 314,000 reserves. Paramilitary forces were estimated at 108,000 in 2011.[34]
The majority of the Syrian military are Sunni, but most of the military leadership are Alawites. Alawites make up 12 percent of the Syrian population but are estimated to make up 70 percent of the career soldiers in the Syrian Army.[10][35] Of the 200,000 or so career soldiers in the Syrian Army, 140,000 are Alawites.[36] A similar imbalance is seen in the officer corps where some 80 percent of the officers are Alawites. The military's most elite divisions, the Republican Guard and the 4th Mechanized Division, which are commanded by Bashar's brother, are exclusively Alawite. Most of Syria's 300,000 conscripts and air force pilots are, however, Sunni.[10][37] Because of the Alawite composition of the Syrian armed forces, its interests are closely aligned with those of President Bashar al-Assad and the Assad family.
Syrian Army[edit]
In 1987, Joshua Sinai of the Library of Congress wrote that the Syrian Arab Army was the dominant military service, and as such controlled the senior-most posts in the armed forces, and had the most manpower, approximately 80 percent of the combined services. In 1987, Sinai wrote that the major development in force organisation was the establishment of an additional divisional framework based on the special forces and the organisation of ground formations into two corps.[38] In 2010, the International Institute for Strategic Studies estimated army regulars at 220,000, with an additional 280,000 reserves. That figure was unchanged in the 2011 edition of the Military Balance,[34] but in the 2013 edition, in the midst of the war, the IISS estimated that army strength was 110,000.
The army's active manpower served in three all-arms army corps, eight armoured divisions (with one independent armoured brigade), three mechanized divisions, one armoured-special forces division, and ten independent airborne-special forces brigades.[39] The army had eleven divisional formations reported in 2011, with a fall in the number of armoured divisions reported from the 2010 edition from eight to seven.[34] The independent armoured brigade had been replaced by an independent tank regiment. However in addition to the 14th Special Forces Division, the 15th Special Forces Division has been identified by Arabic Wikipedia and Human Rights Watch in 2011.[40]
The former Defense companies were merged into the Syrian Army as the 4th Armoured Division and the Republican Guard. The 4th Armoured Division became one of the Assad government's most trusted security forces.
In 1950, the Syrian Navy was established following the procurement of a few naval craft from France. The initial personnel consisted of soldiers who had been sent to French academies of naval training.[41] In 1985, the navy consisted of approximately 4,000 regular and 2,500 reserve officers and men. The navy is under the army's Latakia regional command. The fleet was based in the ports of Latakia, Baniyas, Minat al Bayda, and Tartus. Among the 41 vessel fleet were 2 frigates, 22 missile attack craft (including 10 advanced Osa II missile boats), 2 submarine chasers, 4 mine warfare vessels, 8 gunboats, 6 patrol craft, 4 missile corvettes (on order), 3 landing craft (on order), 1 torpedo recovery vessel and, as part of its coastal defence system, Sepal shore-to-sea missiles with a range of 300 kilometers.
Syrian Air Force[edit]
The Syrian Arab Air Force is the Aviation branch of the Syrian Armed Forces. It was established in 1948, and saw combat in 1948, 1967, 1973 and in 1982 against Israel. It has seen combat against militant groups on Syrian soil in 2011-2012 during the Syrian civil war. Presently, there are at least 15 Syrian Airforce bases throughout the country.
Syrian Air Defence Force[edit]
In 1987, according to the Library of Congress Country Studies, the Air Defence Command, within the Army Command, but also composed of Air Force personnel, numbered approximately 60,000.[38] In 1987, units included twenty air defence brigades (with approximately ninety-five SAM batteries) and two air defence regiments. The Air Defence Command had command access to interceptor aircraft and radar facilities. Air defences included SA-5 long-range SAM batteries around Damascus and Aleppo, with additional SA-6 and SA-8 mobile SAM units deployed along Syria's side of the Lebanese border and in eastern Lebanon.
At some later point in time, the Air Defence Command was upgraded into a separate Syrian Air Defense Force.
Paramilitary forces[edit]
See: List of armed groups in the Syrian civil war#Syrian government and allies for more information on current paramilitaries due to the ongoing Syrian civil war.
- As-Sa'iqa - a commando force
- Defense Companies - since merged into the Syrian Arab Army as the 4th Armoured division and the Republican Guard as well as the 14th Airborne Division comprising 5 Special Forces regiments.
- Palestine Liberation Army - a Palestinian Auxiliary, ostensibly returned to Palestine Authority control.
- Republican Guard - since merged into the army.
Weapons and Uniforms[edit]
The breakup of the Soviet Union — long the principal source of training, material, and credit for the Syrian forces — may have slowed Syria's ability to acquire modern military equipment. It has an arsenal of surface-to-surface missiles. In the early 1990s, Scud-C missiles with a 500-kilometer range were procured from North Korea, and Scud-D, with a range of up to 700 kilometers, is allegedly being developed by Syria with the help of North Korea and Iran, according to Eyal Zisser.[42]
Syria received significant financial aid from Persian Gulf Arab states as a result of its participation in the Persian Gulf War, with a sizable portion of these funds earmarked for military spending. In 2005, Russia forgave Syria of three-fourths, or about $9.8 billion, of its $13.4 billion Soviet-era debt. Russia wrote off the debt in order to renew arms sales with Syria.[43] As of 2011, arms contracts with Russia, Syria's main arms supplier, were worth at least $4 billion.[44][45][46][47] Syria has conducted research and produced weapons of mass destruction.[48]
Uniforms (1987)[edit]
In 1987, according to the Library of Congress Country Study on Syria, service uniforms for Syrian officers generally followed the British Army style, although army combat clothing followed the older British model. Each uniform had two coats: a long one for dress and a short jacket for informal wear. Army officer uniforms were khaki in summer, olive in winter. Certain Army and Air Defense Force personnel (i.e., commandos and paratroops) may have worn camouflage uniforms. Air force officers had two uniforms for each season: a khaki and a light gray for summer and a dark blue and a light gray in winter. Naval officers wore white in summer and navy blue in winter while lower ranks wear the traditional bell bottoms and white blouse. The uniform for naval chief petty officers was a buttoned jacket, similar to that worn by United States chief petty officers. Officers had a variety of headgear, including a service cap, garrison cap, and beret (linen in summer and wool in winter). The color of the beret varied by season and according to the officer's unit.[49]
Syrian Commando and Paratroop uniforms consist of lizard or woodland-patterned camouflage fatigues along with combat boots, helmets and bulletproof vests. Headgear consisted of a red or orange beret.
The Syrian military provides NBC uniforms to soldiers in order to remain effective in an environment effected by biological or chemical agents. This uniform consisted of a Russian-made Model ShMS-41 mask similar to those made in the Desert Storm conflict.[50] Previous models of the ShMS used a hose, while the improved "ShmS-41" used a canister-style Respirator.[51][52]
Rank Insignia (1987)[edit]
In 1987, according to the Library of Congress Country Study on Syria, commissioned officers' rank insignia were identical for the army and air force. These were gold on a bright green shoulder board for the army and gold on a bright blue board for the air force. Officer ranks were standard, although the highest is the equivalent of lieutenant general, a rank held in 1986 only by the commander in chief and the minister of defence. Navy officer rank insignia were gold stripes worn on the lower sleeve. The highest-ranking officer in Syria's navy is the equivalent of lieutenant general. Army and air force rank for warrant officers were indicated by gold stars on an olive green shield worn on the upper left arm. Lower noncommissioned ranks were indicated by upright and inverted chevrons worn on the upper left arm.[49]
Although some twenty-five orders and medals were authorized, generally only senior officers and warrant officers wear medal ribbons. The following were some important Syrian awards: Order of Umayyads, Medal of Military Honor, the War Medal, Medal for Courage, Yarmuk Medal, Wounded in Action Medal, and Medal of 8 March 1963.[49]
See also[edit]
- List of armed groups in the Syrian civil war
- Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war#Syrian armed and security forces
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Library of Congress Country Studies.
- ^ "As Syria war enters fourth year, regime eyes victory". Times. 11 March 2014.
- ^ "As Syria war enters fourth year, regime eyes victory". Global Post. 11 March 2014.
- ^ "As Syria war enters fourth year, regime eyes victory". Khaleej Times. 11 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Syria - Overview". GlobalSecurity.org.
- ^ "Syria reduces compulsory military service by three months". China Daily. Xinhua News Agency. 20 March 2011. Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
- ^ Joshua Sina (1987). A Country Study, Syria. Library of Congress. p. 190. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ Joshua Sina (1987). Development of the Syrian Military. Library of Congress. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ Pollack 2002, p. 457–458.
- ^ Seale 1990, p. 72.
- ^ a b c Bhalla, Reva (5 May 2011). "Making Sense of the Syrian Crisis". Stratfor. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Schwarzkopf 1993, p. 467–469.
- ^ "Coalition of the Gulf War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
- ^ AFTER THE WAR; Syria Plans to Double Gulf Force (New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/27/world/after-the-war-syria-plans-to-double-gulf-force.html
- ^ Katz, Yaakov (3 September 2009). "'Russia confirms MiG jet sale to Syria'". The Jerusalem Post.
- ^ "Russia defends arms sales to Syria". United Press International. 29 September 2008.
- ^ "40 Syrian military officers defect with weapons". Al-Ahram. 24 June 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
- ^ David Enders (27 March 2012). "As Syria's war rages, Assad bans military-age men from leaving". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
- ^ "סוריה: התקפה עזה על המשמר הרפובליקני" (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv: Maariv. 26 June 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
- ^ Damien McElroy (18 July 2012). "Assad's brother-in-law and top Syrian officials killed in Damascus suicide bomb". Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
- ^ Gianluca Mezzofiore (18 July 2012). "Syria Civil War: Assad Brother-in-Law Assef Shawkat Killed in Damascus Suicide Bombing". International Business Times. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
- ^ "Two Syrian rebel groups claim Damascus attack". Reuters. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
- ^ "UPDATE 4-Syrian govt forces, rebels committing war crimes -U.N.". Reuters. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
- ^ "Friends of Syria must use their influence to stop cycle of repression and violence". Amnesty International. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ^ "Why the Syrian regime is killing babies". CNN.com. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
- ^ "Syrian siege of Homs is genocidal, say trapped residents". The Guardian. 7 February 2012.
- ^ "Syria: Despite Denials, More Cluster Bomb Attacks". HRW.org. 23 October 2012.
- ^ Torture Archipelago: Arbitrary Arrests, Torture and Enforced Disappearances in Syria's Underground Prisons since March 2011. Human Rights Watch. July 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
- ^ "Al-Assad denies responsibility for Syria crackdown". CNN. December 7, 2011.
- ^ "Syrian government denies involvement in Houla massacre". RT. May 28, 2012.
- ^ "Exclusive: Obama authorizes secret U.S. support for Syrian rebels". Reuters. Aug 1, 2012.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia plans to fund Syria rebel army". The Guardian. 22 June 2012.
- ^ "UN chief says Al Qaeda behind Syria bombings". RT. 19 December 2013.
- ^ "Al-Qaida-linked group accused of torture in areas of Syria it controls". The Guardian. May 18, 2012.
- ^ a b c IISS 2011, p. 330.
- ^ "Background Note: Syria". US State Department. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
- ^ Marshall, Tim (7 May 2011). "Why Syria's Regime Is Still Holding Out". Sky News. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "Syria's military: what does Assad have?". Reuters. 6 April 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
- ^ a b Sinai, Joshua (April 1987). "[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+sy0120%29 Chapter 5: National Security: Army". In Collelo, Thomas. A Country Study: Syria. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
- ^ IISS 2010, p. 272–273.
- ^ "By All Means Necessary!". Human Rights Watch. 16 December 2011. p. 12.
- ^ "Syrian Arab Navy". Global Security.
- ^ "Syria's embrace of WMD" by Eyal Zisser, Globe and Mail, 28 September 2004 (link leads only to abstract; purchase necessary for full article)
- ^ Weitz, Richard (2010). Global security watch--Russia: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger Security International. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-313-35434-2.
- ^ "SIPRI Arms Transfers Database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ Amos, Howard (26 August 2011). "News Analysis: Russia Damages Image in Arab Spring". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ "Russian defence industry and arms trade: facts and figures". Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. pp 15. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ Meyer, Henry (7 September 2011). "Assad Ouster Bid May Unleash 'Chaos in Mideast,' Russia Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ "Syria not next on list, says Britain". Sydney Morning Herald. April 14, 2003.
- ^ a b c Joshua Sina (1987). Uniforms and Rank Insignia. Library of Congress. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ Gordon Rottman (27 May 1993). Armies of the Gulf War. Osprey Publishing. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-85532-277-6. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
- ^ Soviet SCHMS Respirator on YouTube
- ^ My Russian SCHMS gas mask with hose on YouTube
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (2011). The Military Balance 2011. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85743-606-8.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (2010). The Military Balance 2010. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85743-557-3.
- Pollack, Kenneth (2002). Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-3733-9.
- Schwarzkopf, Norman (1993). It Doesn't Take a Hero : The Autobiography of General H. Norman Schwarzkopf. Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-56338-2.
- Seale, Patrick (1990). Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06976-3.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Military of Syria. |
- Center for Strategic and International Studies, Middle East Military Balance
- Syria's Army and Armed Forces profiles of people and institutions provided by the Arab Decision project


text:
ocial Workers
ICSPP~ for
ciences and
Dr. Peter Breggin and Colleagues
Launch New Reform Organization
and Annual Spring Conference
Peter R. Breggin, MD is no longer affiliated with the Center for the Study of Psychiatry, informally known as International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology, which he founded and led from 1972-2002, and Dr. Breggin is no longer involved in its annual October conference. On September 8, 2010, a FORUM binding Arbitration Panel
reaffirmed Dr. Breggin's ownership and control of the URL icspp.org
and supported his right to direct the URL to this new website.
For more details please read Dr. and Mrs. Breggin's writeup:
Why We Left
Join Peter Breggin and many of his closest colleagues for their second annual
Empathic Therapy conference April 13-15, 2012
. Details about the new annual Empathic Therapy Conference and the Center for the Study of Empathic Therapy are available at the new Breggin reform website:
Visit Dr. Breggin's professional page at
Dr. Peter Breggin his wife, Ginger Breggin and their colleagues have formed
a new reform organization
that puts the focus back on the individual and not the diagnosis or the drug--the Center for the Study of Empathic Therapy, Inc. We have dual purposes: First, to carry forward Dr. Breggin's 40-year effort to expose the scientific and ethical hazards of biopsychiatric theory and practices including psychiatric diagnoses, drugs, and ECT. And second, to encourage and
inspire humane and ethical empathic social services and therapies
that assist individuals and families toward better and more successful lives without the harmful effects of biopsychiatric interventions.
Join Dr. Peter Breggin, Ginger Breggin, and their
growing list of Advisory Council members
in continuing to strive to improve mental health care and to inspire counselors, educators, psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists everywhere.
This new reform organization is open to professionals and laypersons
who are interested in better solutions to human emotional trauma and crisis. The
highlight of our new reform organization is our inspiring annual conference, April 2012 in beautiful Syracuse, NY.
For more than 4 decades, Dr. Peter Breggin,
has been informing the professions, media and the public about the potential dangers of drugs, electroshock, psychosurgery, involuntary treatment, and the biological theories of psychiatry for over four decades.
He is the author of dozens of scientific articles and nineteen professional books about psychiatric medication, the FDA and drug approval process, the evaluation of clinical trials, and standards of care in psychiatry and related fields. Dr. Breggin has brought about important reform accomplishments including
stopping the resurgence of lobotomy
in the early 1970s,
alerting the public and the Food and Drug Administration
about unexposed hazards of various psychiatric drugs resulting in drug label changes, and
advocating for the protection of children, the elderly and other vulnerable persons from the abusive treatments of biopsychiatry.
At the same time Dr. Breggin has been a staunch advocate of caring empathic therapies and services--a subject of special attention at the Empathic Therapy Conference April 2012 in Syracuse, NY.
Visit Dr. Breggin's professional page at
This website is not affiliated with
the Center for the Study of Psychiatry
informally known as
the International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology
Copyright 2010-2011 Peter R. Breggin, MD
Empathic Therapy
Empathic Therapy
We Win ICSPP.org
Why We Left
Peter Breggin MD
Why We Left

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Truth & Rumors > NCAAF
UCLA's Tevin McDonald to miss bowl after testing positive for pot
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- 12333
- Comments
- 18
08:08 AM ET 12.23 | UCLA safety Tevin McDonald will not play in the Bridgepoint Education Holiday Bowl after violating a team policy, Coach Jim Mora said. The junior tested positive for marijuana, according to a person familiar with the situation who was not authorized to comment. Under UCLA policy, a player is suspended for one game after testing positive for a third time. A fourth positive test can result in a player's scholarship being revoked.
No problem if you test positive twice!
Only on a clear day do U-C-L-A.
Total Comments (383)
There once was an athlete from LA
Who's nose prompted him to stray
Sweet smell of cannabis
He thought would bring bliss
But instead, it brought him dismay.
Covering both ;-)
dudes enjoyin the high life. what's the big deal?
Total Comments (6457)
dudes enjoyin the high life. what's the big deal?
Well seeing as its his 4TH flunked test, he is one toke away from losing his scholarship. Don't know about you, but I would call that a big deal.
Yep, that stuff sure is an inhancer... What did they think he was going to do? Set up a munchie stand on the forty yard line? I think the sports world need take the following of Colorado and Washington...
Total Comments (1657)
Let me get this correct...he's missing a bowl because he didn't miss a bowl?
Let me get this correct...he's missing a bowl because he didn't miss a bowl?
Well done....
I guess he took one toke over the line this time.
I guess he took one toke over the line this time.
And now that song is instantly stuck in my head. Thanks. Could be worse, I suppose.
Oh, dear, another apprentice drug dealer ready to hit the streets of El LAY. Tax that, Jerry!
Total Comments (10)
What did you expect from Thug U?
Is this going to be against the rules in Colorado and Washington or wherever Marijuana is sold? Doesn't seem right that they would have rules against using weed, but Notre Dame players can regularly get arrested for underage drinking (and beating up cops) and there's no problem with that.
Can you imagine an Oregon Ducks team if they enforced Marijuana suspensions?? They wouldn't be able to field a team. Come on folks a little Marijuana is harmless. You have to commend a program who doesn't waiver and enforces their policies....unlike the Oregon who changes the rules of the game at every opportunity.
Remember to keep your posts clean. Profanity will get filtered, and offensive comments will be removed.
Truth & Rumors
Rockets will come after 'Melo
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MLB reconsidering Montreal
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Cowboys interested in Henry Melton, Julius Peppers, Jared Allen
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Calipari feared he was the world's worst coach
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Phil Jackson improves Knicks' chances for landing LeBron
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text:
The Right Definition of Storage Gas?
Underground storage gas falls in two categories according to FERC. It is defined in the manner set below: Working gas (top gas) - volume of gas in the reservoir above the designed level of cushion gas. If the conditions allow it, a percentage or all of the working gas capacity could be injected and withdrawn more than once during any season. Cushion gas (base gas) - the volume of gas, including native gas, needed as a permanent inventory in a storage reservoir to maintain adequate reservoir pressure and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal season. http://www.ferc.gov/industries/gas/indus-act/storage/underground.asp Given the changes created by fracking and other drilling methods, on must wonder whether the FERC definition still make sense.


text:
For Samus Aran there's nowhere to hide!
While lending mission support on planet SR388, bounty hunter Samus Aran has an almost fatal encounter with the X parasite, an organism that mimics the abilities of any creature it infects. Now the X spread to an orbital research station and a weakened Samus is forced to exterminate them all... or die trying.


text:
Royals Claim Records And Golds At ODAC Indoor Championships
March 2, 2014 The Eastern Mennonite track teams participated in Sunday's ODAC Indoor Championships in Hampton, Va., and came home with a few new records. ... [full story]
Tracksters Get Final Tune-up For ODAC Championships
February 22, 2014 The EMU track teams sent a small group of runners to the SU Open in Selinsgrove, Pa., on Saturday. For the Royals it was mission accomplished, as... [full story]
Track Team Down One Spot In South/Southeast
February 20, 2014 The EMU men's track and field team slipped one spot in this week's regional index, moving to No. 7 in the South/Southeast. The Royals had been... [full story]
Bane, Vrolijk and Robinson All Have Huge Efforts
February 14, 2014 Alyssa Bane re-broke a school record while Drew Vrolijk and Richard Robinson won events as EMU tunes up for the ODAC Indoor Championships. The... [full story]
Royals Hold At No. 6 In South/Southeast Region
February 13, 2014 In a week of few changes, the EMU track & field men have held firm at No. 6 in the South/Southeast Region. The Royals are coming off a... [full story]
Royals Athlete of the Week: Jacob Landis
Breaking school records is not an easy task, but Jacob Landis was able to run his way to the top and break a school record, landing him a spot as Royals Athlete of the Week.
(Feb 11, 2014)
Track Men Ranked No. 6 In Region
For the second straight week, the Eastern Mennonite University men's track & field team has landed at No. 6 in the regional rankings. The U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Associations makes the rankings, which are based on results so far this season.
(Feb 7, 2014)
Landis Breaks School Record In North Carolina
Although the Royals didn't send a lot of track athletes to the Hilton Garden Invitational in Winston-Salem, N.C., over the weekend, those that went fared well at the huge meet. Junior Jacob Landis highlighted the trip by breaking the school record in the 5000m, toppling a 12-year-old mark.
(Jan 31, 2014)


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Provides strategies in job seeking, job finding techniques, interviewing, motivational support and life skills management.www.rescare.com
Provides referrals, advocacy, support, and legal services to victims/survivors of Domestic Violence. Also provides community education, training and consultation on Domestic Violence.www.artemiscenter.org
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Provides nurse home visitation services to young pregnant and parenting women.www.brighter-futures.org
Promotes economic self-sufficiency by providing donated, professional business attire for employable women & men.www.clothesthatwork.org
Processes applications/authorizations for the HEAP, FEMA and Adult Emergency Assistance Programs.www.communityactionpartnership.com
A volunteer employment service for those seeking professional positions as well as an employment resource for members, employers and other professionals. www.day-vest.org
Learn has all the tools you need to start your future now! In a warm, friendly enviroment, we deliver services with respect and unconditional postive regard. http://educationalpartnersonline.com/
ECOT is the first and largest K–12 online public school in Ohio! With more than a decade of experience, ECOT gives Ohio students the best curriculum, technology, and teachers available online today. www.ecotohio.org/home.php
The Foster Grandparent Program connects volunteers ages 55 and better with youth with exceptional needs in schools or childcare facilities. http://www.fcsohio.org/programs-services/national-service/foster-grandparent/
Assist WEP customers with intake assessments for Job Search, Job Placement, Job Readiness, and Job Retentionwww.gesmv.org
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Provides leadership to the Job Center Agencies' collaborative. www.thejobcenter.org
Provides GED, vocational, educational, & social education to youth 16-24 years of age. No age requirement for a disability.
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Provides alternative education choices for at risk or out-of-school youth. http://www.mvctc.com/youthconnections
Serving the citizens of Montgomery County with programs that minimize barriers to effective reentry and promote reduction in recidivism. Montgomery County Reentry
Ohio Business College Truck Driving Academy, formerly known as Tri-State Semi Driver Training, Inc., has been providing comprehensive classroom education and hands-on CDL truck driver training in Ohio since 1969. http://www.ohiobusinesscollege.edu
Provides parole services for juveniles 16-18 years of age.www.dys.ohio.gov/dnn
Certified training programs in Nurse Aide, Medication Aide, Medical Assistant, Phlebotomy Technician and Medical Billing and Coding Specialistwww.ohiomcc.com
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Amazon misread book sector on speech feature
Amazon chose to keep secret from much of the publishing sector the text-to-speech feature built into the Kindle 2.
Instead, Amazon sprung the feature on publishers and the retailer is now taking public-relations hits that it might have avoided if it hadn't been so tight lipped.
Following the debut of the Kindle 2, the 9,000-member Authors Guild claimed text-to-speech created a derivative work and violated copyright. Paul Aiken, the guild's executive director said many publishers were also angered over the speech function, adding that Amazon never consulted beforehand with either of those groups. Amazon responded Friday by … Read more


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Title: | Escaping from World Trade Center |
URL: | http://www.miraclebridge.com/wtcescape.html |
Author: | Yin Liang |
Go there: | In this window | In a new window |
Annotation: | Yin Liang, a worker for Lehman Brothers equities e-commerce website wrote about the details of his escape from the World Trade Center Tower 1. Along with these details are photographs of the WTC before and after the attack and of some of the memorials and tributes placed along New York streets. There is also a link to more of his photos. |
Excerpt: | At around 8:46 AM, when I am still reading and writing emails in front of my computer, I heard a low-pitched "Bom" noise, it's not very loud, then the floors starts moving, it swings back and forth slowly, like floating in the air, then the swing gradually stopped. |
Type: | personal |
Contains: | stories |


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This year has been a particularly bloody one for Camden. If the current homicide rate holds, Camden could surpass its 1995 homicide record of 58, and once again be pegged America's most dangerous city.
"It's been a tough year," says police officer Bill Wiley, "and the summer's just getting started."
Camden, N.J., may be a portrait of urban despair. But one neighborhood in this downtrodden city is slowly coming back to life. Federal Street in
Send repertory film listings to email@example.com.
Marc Letourneau, leader of the northeast region of the U.S. Raelians, will break it all down at a lecture at Germ Books.


text: AMHERST, Mass. --- The 12th-ranked Amherst College women's soccer team took advantage of scoring chances and had a big opening half in a 4-0 NESCAC victory over Colby College on Saturday. The Mules fall to 7-4 overall and 3-4 in conference play heading into Sunday's noon game at Hamilton College. Amherst improved to 8-1-1 overall and 5-1-1 in the conference. Colby did have 11 shots in the game and forced Amherst goalkeepers to make seven saves. The Mules also had a 7-2 margin in corner kicks. Megan Kim scored 8:30 into the contest for Amherst and Colby also lost goalkeeper Emily Brook for the rest of the half due to an injury on the play. Brook did come back for the second half and made three saves while allowing the one goal. Amanda Brisco, Mel Stier, and Sarah Duffy also tallied for the Jeffs in the opening half. Amherst 4, Colby 0 Colby............... 0 0 - 0 Amherst College..... 4 0 - 4 SCORING SUMMARY: 1. 8:30 AMH Megan Kim (unassisted) 2. 15:19 AMH Amanda Brisco (Kate Sisk) 3. 27:47 AMH Mel Stier (Kathryn Nathan) 4. 42:13 AMH Sarah Duffy (unassisted) Shots: Colby 11, Amherst College 22 Saves: Colby 7 (Emily Brook, 56:31, 1 GA, 3 saves and Jayde Bennett 36:29, 3 GA, 4 saves), Amherst College 7 (Holly Burwick 6; Meghan Mills 1).


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Full forecast and current conditions are always available on your mobile device.
Click here to download our StormTrack Mobile App.
Attendance is critical for Rossford this week, as officials say this "Count Week" puts the future of the district at stake.
Mobile users, click on the "Video" button in the app to watch this story. Download our app here.
Copyright 2013 Toledo News Now. All rights reserved.


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Stories Tagged with "ee cruz and company" from 2008
2008 - 2 stories
NJIT Honored Holmdel's Ed Cruz at Black-Tie Benefit
December 15, 2008
Edward Cruz, CEO of E.E. Cruz & Company, Inc, Holmdel, received NJIT's Outstanding Alumnus Award at NJIT's annual black-tie benefit dinner Celebration on Nov. 14, 2008 at Pleasantdale Chateau, West Orange. >>
NJIT To Honor Ed Cruz, Steve Kalafer, and Wachovia Bank at Upcoming Black-Tie Benefit
October 24, 2008
NJIT will hold its annual black-tie benefit dinner Celebration, on Nov. 14, 2008, at Pleasantdale Chateau, West Orange. Former New Jersey Governor and President of the New Jersey State Senate, the Hon. Richard J. Codey, will serve as the special guest master of ceremonies. The world-renowned Duprees, who started their 1960s musical careers in Jersey City with hits like "You Belong to Me," will provide entertainment. >>


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Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Apr 4, 2012 | 2:30 PM EDT
Author Comments
Another crap animation made by me in half an hour. It will not continue.
Music: Gold Rush - Kevin MacLeod
Rated 1 / 5 stars April 4, 2012
Turd of the week for you.
NoUser responds:
Well, thanks for the 2 points.
Rated 5 / 5 stars April 4, 2012
the message is pretty unclear, but it was pretty funny, for some reason!
the animation graphics are not that bad, as the absence of frames...
NoUser responds:
That's the spirit! Thanks.


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16 January 2014
4-March DEADLINE: Requesting Ice Drilling Support for NSF Antarctic Research ProposalsIf your 2014 Antarctic Research proposal requires any kind of ice drilling or ice coring support from the IDDO group at the University of Wisconsin, you must contact email@example.com at least 6 weeks prior to the NSF proposal deadline, in this case by MARCH 4, 2014.
07 January 2014
Registration & Lodging: Feb 25-27 South Pole Ice Core and IDPO Ice Coring workshops at UC-IrvineAs a reminder, there are two back-to-back workshops taking place in UC-Irvine on 25-27 February: the South Pole Ice Core Workshop (25-26 Feb), followed by the IDPO Community Workshop on Ice Coring (26-27 Feb).
04 December 2013
Call for Scientist Participation!The Ice Drilling Program Office (IDPO) has three announcements and calls for participation:
1. IDPO Community Workshop on Ice Coring at U.C. Irvine on February 26 & 27, 2014
2. U.S. Ice Core Working Group
3. French-Italian-U.S. Dome C - South Pole Traverse
If you are preparing a proposal that includes any kind of support from the IDPO/IDDO, you must contact IDPO ( firstname.lastname@example.com ) at least six weeks before you submit your proposal to obtain a Letter of Support and a Scope of Work/Cost Estimate, both of which must be included in your proposal.
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- Ice Drilling Services for NSF Proposals
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- Science Requirements for IDDO Equipment
The U.S. Ice Drilling Program conducts integrated planning for the ice drilling science and technology communities, and provides drilling technology and operational support that enables the community to advance the frontiers of climate and environmental science.


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Race Organizer Comments The new course was a big hit! Rusty Collins - Event Director (1/22/07) In 2006 the course was moved to Corporate Woods in Overland Park, Kansas and everyone loved the new course. It's a pretty fast course with a climb between 6 - 8 miles and just before 20. Visit our website for details at www.gobblergrindmarathon.com. I would like to invite you to Overland Park, Kansas and join us for the Gobbler Grind Marathon, 1/2 Marathon or 5K. This is the 11th year for the Gobbler Grind as an "Official Race." It started as a fun run between friends over the Thanksgiving season to work off a little too much turkey (thus the name Gobbler Grind). As time went on more and more people started joining us to run so we decided to buy T-shirts for those who ran ... Click here for more
In 2006 the course was moved to Corporate Woods in Overland Park, Kansas and everyone loved the new course. It's a pretty fast course with a climb between 6 - 8 miles and just before 20. Visit our website for details at www.gobblergrindmarathon.com. I would like to invite you to Overland Park, Kansas and join us for the Gobbler Grind Marathon, 1/2 Marathon or 5K. This is the 11th year for the Gobbler Grind as an "Official Race." It started as a fun run between friends over the Thanksgiving season to work off a little too much turkey (thus the name Gobbler Grind). As time went on more and more people started joining us to run so we decided to buy T-shirts for those who ran ... Click here for more
This is a no frills, well organized nice small marathon. The host hotel offered free late checkout, so we could shower after which was very nice. This year it was about 12 degrees at the start, which is just the way it goes sometimes. So a number of the water stops only had frozen water, others had ice in the water. Also, the water stops were just a very small table which was problematic until the half marathoners split off. I would respectfully suggest the water stops be re-evaluated in how they are done (perhaps longer tables or more smaller ones). Thank you volunteers for helping out in less than ideal temperatures. I am happy I ran this in the end.
This is a smaller marathon and is run mostly on a suburban running/biking trail. The route varies from year to year, but is generally flat with some challenging hills here and there. It is well organized and course support is good. If you need fan support along the trail you will need to bring your own because it is sparse. However, the Gobble Grind has all the basics covered and is a nice run to round out your year.
This is an all-around solid fall race to celebrate the Thanksgiving season. The secluded and picturesque corporate complex is a nice comfortable start/finish area, the first 5K is a mostly flat loop on plush roads around the businesses in the park. The majority of the rest of the marathon is on a bike trail that follows the scenic Indian Creek. A long-term trail closure forced the past two years' races to run on a revised course that had a lot more 'out-and-backing' and also forced the marathoners to fight thru half-marathon traffic in some spots. Fortunately the trail is open once again and the course has reverted back to the original route that has much longer sections of outstanding bike trail along the creek with only two out-and-backs (and much fewer miles with HM-ers), so that should hopefully quiet some of the negative reviews and comments. Despite some criticism of the course markings, make no mistake, this is absolutely NOT a difficult course to follow. I've run both the full and half, old course and new, and never once had to question or second-guess where to go. Organization is as good as you would expect from any legitimate marathon; quick and easy packet pickup, the start goes off smoothly with the first 3-4 miles on wide roads for packs to thin out before getting on the trail, results are posted quickly after front runners start coming in, the finish line festival has ample food to replenish with and Roasterie coffee for those like me who can't get enough. The finisher's medals are quality year in and year out; not the biggest or most creative but a good satisfying award to compliment your effort nonetheless. The race tee is also consistently one worth wearing, always tech material and a unique design and color. In summary this could be described as a marathon purists' race, it doesn't offer some of the extras that the big-city marathons charge in excess of $100 for; the Gobbler Grind at the very most is $90 all the way up to raceday. Nature-nerd runners should especially enjoy this race as the creek trail winds through beautiful woods, parks and neighborhoods, and such wildlife as deer and (fittingly) turkeys can be spotted on occasion. There really is so much more positive to be said about this race than negative, if your expectations and travel/race budget are realistic than you will not be disappointed. I'm a native of the area; I could run long-distance on this trail system any weekend of the year free of charge but the friendly race community and warm, holiday atmosphere make this race worth your time and money!
I really liked this race. The spectators were great as was the support. Some people didn't like the loop-backs, but I really liked knowing exactly what the route was especially for the last 5 miles. That's just me though. I also liked parking within 200m of the start/finish line. My GPS, however, did say 26.33 at the finish.
Course stunk. Restrooms were centrally located (think center of a cloverleaf)...somewhat of an issue, as there were not places to 'use the woods'. Shirt went straight to the trash can...worst shirt ever. Next time, don't give a shirt, get more restrooms if you are trying to determine where to spend money. 20th marathon and the FIRST time I ever got confused/lost on the course (after coming out of the restroom)...wasn't sure which way to go (volunteers didn't know either) and actually ran in the wrong direction for a period. That was awesome. New Balance shoes were the only reason I'm not being nastier about this race. Out of 20 marathons, I'd rate in number 19, because of the free shoes; otherwise, number 20. Glad I live within 3 hours, otherwise, if I had flown here, I would have been teetered.
I am a Kansas City local and have run the half here a couple of times, so I knew what I was getting into. The only reason I did this race was to run with a friend. This course is nearly all on an urban bike path with a lot of steep switchbacks and narrow lanes where you cannot pass a slower runner in front of you. The two-loop, out and back, out and back is mentally tough as you run by the finish area twice before it's your turn. However, knowing all of this, it really wasn't as bad as I had expected. My biggest gripe was that the entry fee was very expensive considering the course and amenities on the course. Sure, you got a pair of New Balance running shoes, but I didn't find out that they were a stabilty shoe until I went to get them. I am a neutral runner, so I can't wear them. Why weren't we given the ability to choose which shoes we wanted? There were so many ways that could have worked: a neutral and stability choice, choose what you want to a certain $$ limit, etc. It's not the worst course I've run, and if you need a KS marathon for your 50-states and it fits in your schedule, it's ok. But, don't expect much and bring your iPod for that back half, if you are running by yourself.
My 9th marathon. It's a small one, and runners are sparse once the halfers peel off. Nice start, but the finish was strange. A little anticlimatic. You pass some spectators, and then, you veer through some trees completely away from the spectators. I was wondering if I had missed something. Finish line was very anticlimactic. I knew I was done (3:51), simply because I had run over some timing mats (and I was watching my Garmin). I was handed a packaged, folded little medal at the end. I did like the running trails. Some backtracking: would like to have seen more of Overland Park. Not to complain: overall, it was good for a smaller race.
This is my 2nd time running this marathon and my 16th overall. I think the course could be improved. I like the old course better. The new course is 80%-90% on paved trails. There is a lot of back tracking and it was very crowded with all the 1/2 marathoners on the course. The post race food was not that great considering you paid $99 and ran on paved trails. I would not recommend this race unless they change the course especially if you are travelling a long distance.
This race is a very nice small town race for local runners that aren't looking for a great time in the marathon race. The 5K,Half-marathon, and marathon race all started and ran the same route which pushed the pace from the begining. The Marathon runners had to fight through the half-marathoner 3 different times and some of the runners wouldn't get out of your way. I loved the idea of the course not being ran on the city road but not running into the half marathoners. There was no hot food at the end of the race at all. I think this race could be awesome if they correct several issues that the marathon runners had to deal with.
Race course was not marked properly. Very few course marshals. Very boring course. I would not recommend this event to anyone traveling long distances.
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The Best Celebrity Pics of the Week: June 17, 2013
Miss any of the most memorable celeb moments of the week so far, like Hilary and Chelsea Clinton posting their first selfie, or Sharon Osbourne sharing a smooch with her co-host? Check out omg!'s Top Shots!
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Brasília and the West Travel Guide
- Overview
- Places to Explore
- Sights
- Restaurants
- Hotels
- Entertainment
- Shopping
- Travel Tips
- Features
- Fodor's Choice
- Deals
Fodor's Brazil 2014
Trade Paperback
Plan Your Brasília and the West Vacation
Visiting Brasília is like leaping into the future, or at least the future as imagined in the early 1960s. Rising from the red earth of the 3,000-foot Planalto Central (Central Plateau) is one of the world's most singular cities. Its structures crawl and coil along the flat landscape and then shoot up in shafts of concrete and glass that capture the sun's rays.
Brasília and the West Hotels
Brasília's hotels cater primarily to business executives and government officials. Most hotels, from the upscale resorts to the budget inns, are found in...read more
Brasília and the West Restaurants
As the capital, Brasília attracts citizens from throughout the country as well as dignitaries from around the world. You can find a variety of regional...read more
Things To Do in Brasília and the West
Explore the best sights, entertainment, and shopping with our top choices and insider tips.
Brasília and the West Experiences
The occupation of the center-west of Brazil did not keep up with the pace of occupation in the other regions. It was not until the discovery of... Read more
Addresses in Brasília's Plano Piloto can make even surveyors scratch their heads. Although the original layout of the city is very logical, it... Read more
Incredible Architecture: Brasília's remarkable architectural style is unique even among the world's other planned cities.... Read more
Brazil's vast cerrado (savanna) is the most biologically rich grassland in the world. More than 100,000 species of plants are found in this 500-million-acre... Read more
As far back as 1808 Brazilian newspapers ran articles discussing Rio's inadequacies as a capital (Rio became the capital in 1763, following Brazil's... Read more
News & Features
Trip Ideas
For ample beach time, minus the party scene, Cabo San Lucas is a bustling enclave with a marina, lots... Read more
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Author, conservationist, and TED Talk speaker Boyd Varty shares eight top places to visit in his native... Read more
Travel Tips
This unattributed travel quote tells us why splurging on a trip is totally worth it.... Read more
- 80 Degrees: Fodor's Helps You Find Your Best Beach Vacation Spots
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- World Cup Fever: Start planning your trip to Brazil!
- Fodor's 100 Hotel Awards: Check out the winners of 2013
- Weekend Getaways: Fodor's Recommends the Best Weekend Escapes in the US
- Great American Vacation: Find Your Next U.S. Trip with Fodor's


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Semiconductor equipment plays a vital role in the manufacturing of integrated devices (I.C.s) are typically located in a manufacturing facility called a fab. The types or categories of semiconductor equipment consist of the following:
Semiconductor fabs and facilities purchase equipment to either expand their capacity, to move to a larger wafer size, or decide to add a new technology node line.
For information on this market, please view this page. Please also consider our fee-based reports as we provide the latest trends and analysis for this market segment.
| SEMI Equipment Brief: Test Equipment (PDF) |
| SEMI Equipment Brief: Wafer Fab Brief (PDF) |
| SEMI Equipment Brief: Other Front-End Equipment Brief (PDF) |
| SEMI Equipment Brief: Assembly and Packaging (PDF) |
= SEMI 회원사를 대상으로 제공됩니다. SEMI members: Please create a profile to access resources. If you already have a profile, please log-in with your credentials. |
- Stay ahead of your competition by being more quickly informed
- Obtain more frequent input for business planning, strategic planning and forecasting
- Get a better understanding of this cyclic industry
Equipment Market Data Subscription (EMDS) | ||
World Fab Forecast | ||
Worldwide Semiconductor Equipment Market Statistics (WWSEMS) Historical Report (1991-2011) | ||
Historical Book-to-Bill Report (1991 - 2011) | ||
The Secondary Semiconductor Equipment Market study The Secondary Semiconductor Equipment Market study provides data and analysis that defines the secondary equipment, services and technology markets. | ||


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We can't win them all, says Mancini
- 01 December 2012 17:43
- Posted by David Clayton
Roberto Mancini believes his team were worthy of winning the game against Everton but also says his team could have ended the game empty-handed.
The Toffees jinx looked set to strike again when Marouane Fellaini put the visitors ahead on 33 minutes, but a Carlos Tevez penalty ensured the Blues took a point and preserved their unbeaten run which now stretches to 21 games.
"I think the penalty decision was correct but I wasn't happy with one or two decisions the officials made today," he said.
"Against Everton is always a difficult game because they work hard and are well organised. When we fell behind we had to take risks to get back in the game.
"We spent most of the second half in Everton's half but we couldn't find a way through."
Mancini also believes his forwards are out of form at present and unable to find a good run of form in front of goal, as well as explaining the Tevez substitution.
"Our strikers aren't firing on all cylinders at the moment and not scoring enough goals, but they worked hard today and they will have periods like that during the season.
"I took Carlos off because I thought Dzeko might get us another goal – I have my reasons for making the change, but that takes nothing away from Carlos who played very well.
"We are not going to go through the season winning every game and sometimes you have to accept that it is not your way and take something out of the game, which we did."
Everton boss David Moyes was satisfied with his team's performance but claims the penalty decision against Fellaini was harsh.
"We played the way we've been playing for most of the season and City played better after the break, which we knew they would but we weathered the storm. We played well, but City are a really good side and we have to be happy.
"It wasn't a penalty kick – it appeared really harsh to me and it was never a foul. I'm not sure how many penalties City have had lately, but the fact is we drew against the champions away from home and that was a good draw – we've had a few bad draws lately but this was a good one."


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Safari Books Online is a digital library providing on-demand subscription access to thousands of learning resources.
Ask any graphic designer the world over
about their preferred approach to setting type, choosing a color,
or beginning a new layout, and you will rarely get exactly the same
answer twice. All designers have their own way of working and their
own combinations of the thousands of techniques one can apply when
planning a new design project. But there are some dos and don'ts
that always figure in any heated debate about what one should or
should not accept as the right way to create the best graphic
This book looks at key dos and don'ts, bringing them together in
the form of a classically structured almanac. Packed with practical
advice, but presented in a light-hearted fashion, the advisory
rather than dictative approach means designers can take or leave
the advice presented in each rule as is typical of most creatives
with their own strong views on what does and does not constitute
good design practice. Individual entries will either bring forth
knowing nods of agreement or hoots of derision, depending on
whether or not the reader loves or hates hyphenation, has a
pathological fear of beige, or thinks that baseline grids are
Thou Shall Not Use Comic Sans is the must-have collection of the
best advice that any graphic designer should have at his
fingertips, with each entry combining a specific rule with a
commentary from a variety of experienced designers from all fields
of the graphic design industry. Grouped into six, color-coded
categories–typography, color, layout, imagery, production,
and the practice of design–but presented numerically and in
mixed groups, the reader can either dip in at random or use the
book as the source of a daily lesson in how to produce great
graphic design.
Average Rating: Based on 2 Ratings
"Mechanical design/Artist" - by ahmedc on 16-APR-2013
Reviewer Rating:
Another excellent resource for graphic design and packaging.
Report as Inappropriate
"One of the best books on graphic design" - by Natalia SB on 09-SEP-2012
Reviewer Rating:
One of the best books about the graphic design, contains almost everything a graphic designer needs to know and remember. Strongly recommended!
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Top Level Categories:
Digital Media
Digital Media > Graphic Design


text:
Past Seasons - Basketball
This Week with Salem Basketball-Week 3
The Spirits went 1-0 this past week to improve their overall record to 3-1. They defeated Warren Wilson, 78-31, in their 1st home game of the season. Jasmine Shabazz (Buffalo, NY) recorded a double-double of 15 points and 13 rebounds in the win. Satavia Taylor (Chicago, IL) continues her hot play after being named the Great South Player of the Week in the 1st week of voting.
Basketball crushes Warren Wilson in first home game
The Salem College basketball team exploded past the Owls of Warren Wilson 78-21 in the first home game of the season. Jasmine Shabazz (Buffalo, NY) led the Spirits with a double-double of 15 points and 13 rebounds. The Spirits improve to 3-1 this season, while the Owls drop to 2-2.
Taylor wins first GSAC Basketball Player of the Week
Taylor had a huge weekend as the Spirits split two contests against Washington College and Hollins University last weekend. She averaged 13 points per game, 9 steals per game, 8.5 rebounds per game and two blocks per game on the hardwood, including Salem's second-ever triple-double with 12 points, 11 rebounds and 11 steals in the win over Hollins.
Basketball cruises to win at Roanoke
Salem, VA-The Salem College basketball team opened up an early lead and never looked back in route to a 57-47 non-conference win at Roanoke College. Jasmine Shabazz (Buffalo, NY) had a monster night with a double-double of 12 points and 14 rebounds. Salem improves to 1-2 overall, while Roanoke falls to 1-3.
This Week with Salem Basketball-Week 1
The Spirits kicked off their season at the Jackie Ammons Tournament hosted by William Peace University. Salem split their games this weekend. They fell to Washington College of Maryland on Friday 69-56. They bounced back on Saturday to take 3rd-place in the tournament with a 75-67 win against Hollins University. Satavia Taylor produced only the 2nd ever triple-double by a Salem basketball player in the win over Hollins. She had an impressive 12 points, 11 steals and 11 rebounds.
Basketball rolls past Hollins for first win
The Salem College basketball team rolled past Hollins University, 75-67, to pick up their first win of the young season. Salem claimed third-place in the Jackie Ammons Tournament hosted by William Peace with the win. For the second straight game, Satavia Taylor (Chicago, IL) led the Spirits with 12 points. Salem improves to 1-1 this season, while Hollins drops to 0-2.
Season Preview: 2012-13 Basketball
The Salem College basketball team is set to start their 2012-2013 this weekend at the Jackie Ammons Tournament hosted by William Peace University. Head Coach Anita Howard will kickoff her first season with 11 new players.
Basketball Volunteers with "Walk A Mile In Her Shoes"
Members of the Salem team participated in the event to bring awareness to abuse issues.


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Right now, a uniquely modified pickup truck is making its way across the country from Detroit to San Francisco. The truck uses a special fuel, something widely available throughout the country, but until now, not really considered as an alternative fuel. The truck is carrying three tanks of ammonia in its bed. In addition to being an economical alternative to petroleum fuels, the ammonia fueled vehicle has much cleaner emissions and cheap tramadol online emits far fewer greenhouse gases.
The NH3car (NH3 is the http://eatingdisorderrecovery.com/buy-now-levitra chemical formula for ammonia) is a demonstration project of a University of Michigan graduate student in physics who is studying the use of ammonia as an alternative fuel. The test vehicle can be run either on 100% gasoline or on an 80% ammonia / 20% gasoline mixture, and can be switched from one to the other at any time. According to a news story, the test vehicle gets 27 miles per gallon whether it is running on gasoline or the gas/ammonia mix. Whenever gasoline is higher that $2.10/gallon, it becomes more economical to use the fuel mix.
More importantly, however, the vehicle produces much cleaner emissions than a fossil fuel burning vehicle. Moving to an ammonia fuel system would drastically cut transportation CO2 emissions. Because there is no carbon in ammonia (molecularly, ammonia is one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms), there is no carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide in the emissions from the ammonia combustion. According to the vehicle team, the only by-products are water vapor and nitrogen gas.
"On the basis of either weight or volume, ammonia's the next best thing when liquid petroleum fuels can't be used,'' said Grannell, a University of Michigan doctoral student of applied physics. "I believe this is the only economically viable ... replacement for liquid petroleum fuels, especially for transportation use."
Of course, there are drawbacks. Commercial ammonia needs to be manufactured. Unlike fossil fuels, it is not a resource that can simply be mined or pumped from the ground. And most commercial processes for manufacturing ammonia rely on natural gas as a feedstock.
But ammonia fueled transportation may be a viable possibility. The NH3car team has also stated that the generic viagra canada conversion from gasoline to ammonia could cost consumers less than $1,000. An important question would be whether or not the price of order canada super viagra ammonia would remain stable if it began to be widely used as a fuel, or if its price would rise to make it uneconomical to use. Distribution of course, being another factor. Ammonia needs to be stored in pressurized tanks and at low temperatures in order to remain a liquid. Like liquid natural gas or hydrogen, a whole new range of storage and distribution equipment would be needed in order to have widespread use of ammonia as a fuel. But with all of the potential benefits it offers, it may yet be worth exploring.
via: Ann Arbor News
Cross-posted at Green Options.
written by Tarandon, August 08, 2007
written by Joe, August 08, 2007
written by Michael Pereckas, August 09, 2007
written by Edward, August 09, 2007
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written by Joel, August 09, 2007
The flammable sort of ammonia is what's known as "anhydrous ammonia": it's a gas under normal conditions, and it's used in industrial refrigerators as a more-powerful, cheaper, but slighty more dangerous substitute for Freon.
There isn't ammonia in your urine unless you "let it mellow" a little, so that bacteria can ferment the buy xanax online urea into ammonium hydroxide. This hydroxide is the same stuff as the industrial waste BP is dumping, and that's in Windex. It takes some energy to separate this ion from the water, especially from a dilute solution such as stagnant eu de toilette or pre-algal-bloom lake water; probably much more energy than can be recovered by burning it.
One thing I will say about ammonia: if we decided to run vehicles by electrolyzing hydrogen, it makes sense to store that hydrogen as ammonia, especially since the extra N2 molecules from combustion will help engine efficiency if the engine is internal combustion or a solid oxide fuel cell/heat engine combination. Not that it makes any sense to store energy as hydrogen...
written by Joel, August 09, 2007
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written by Wayne, August 09, 2007
Ammonia is basically a nitrogen compound NH3, NH4 ... so if the fuel oxygen mixture is off it would be reasonable to assume you would either have NOX or unburned hydrogen compounds. Neither of which is good.
It is interesting research, ammonia is a compound that naturally forms when proteins break down. A lot of people who have fish tanks know about the stuff. So it may be able to be created from food waste. But I don't think it would be a good choice for autos, maybe generators that run at a constant load so the mixture does not need to keep changing because of heat and demand.
written by Dude., August 09, 2007
written by ack., August 10, 2007
Hemp is one of the worst candidates for producing bio-diesel, and if you've even looked at the facts, you'd be well aware of that. The amount of oil produced by an acre of hemp pales to many other sources such as rapeseed or sunflower. I don't give a damn either way about legalizing industrial hemp, but it isn't viable for fuel production, and the fact that it's not legal isn't in the top 1000 reasons why bio-diesel isn't more prevalent.
Keep moving, send your pro-hemp comments to the paper industry, where it has a modicum of value.
Both hemp and ammonia are NOT the answer.
written by Chris Werner, August 10, 2007
Where were all you people when 'those in charge' decided that hyrdrogen and fuel cells were the wave of the future? I've read the http://webstuff.nl/low-price-viagra government has spent 1.2 trillion (yes trillion) on fuel cell and cngnewengland.com hyrdrogen research. >:( You could use that to lower our gas prices or research electric cars, or built a maglev/bullet train infrastructure. But instead we spend our money on a stupid pipe dream and on the failing air line business.
I other news, I too like the happy ass ;D.
written by P Proefrock, August 10, 2007
I have similar concerns about NOX emissions from this system, and I'm sure there are other concerns to be looked at. There's a lot of development to be done before this stands a chance of seeing mainstream production.
We're going to see if we can get an interview with the guys behind this to answer some of your questions.
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This will never fly.
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written by Kyle, August 10, 2007
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It's Peak Gas we need to worry about, not Peak Oil -- http://www.energybulletin.net/14058.html
written by Jaime, August 20, 2007
for instance the all to popular "hibrid electric" cars......OK plug it in..it might save the consumer on the price of gasoine, but is is twice as costly for the earth!
does any one think about or even know energy conversion ratios?
On the VERY best day, a natural gas fired plant will convert only 48% of the usable energy in the natural gas in to USABLE energy on the electric grid. :(
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The infrastructure for the production and handling of Ammonia exists. Improvements are required, yes, but the basics exist. NOx emissions can also be sorted out, as they are in modern diesel exhausts. Hydrogen is not a realistic alternative if only due to its specific energy deficiency. I really hope that this technology gets the nassmc.org same level of investment mentioned above (i.e. trillions).
written by Jatin, August 02, 2008
written by carlos, August 16, 2008
We have a liquid fuel problem in that we are running out of oil production capacity (Not oil per se), and have th fuel infrastructure there.
This can work.
written by robert, May 10, 2009
written by youcandoit, June 10, 2009
One great thing about this approach as opposed to using NH3 to fuel your ICE is that there is no NOX emmission. It would also make for a very quiet and viagra 100mg pills very efficient car.
On the danger of liquid, pressurized NH3 in your fuel cells, how about this: the cells come only in a handful of standard sizes, and you don't refuel them yourselves, you just trade it in at a station where a pro handles it. This is not prohibitive at all (think about this: in some states you can't even pump gas yourself due to the non-negligible probability that you are careless enough to blow yourself up by forgetting not to light your doobie while fueling). With pros handling the fast order cialis cells the risk would be minimal, and the cells could be made strong enough to survive even the roughest accidents without releasing their nasty chemicals (of which the nastiest would be the KOH electrolyte and not the NH3 which is lighter than air, harmless in low concentration, and will quickly mix with the water in the atmosphere to form a pretty much harmless substance which occurs naturally in windex and fermented urine ... some of you may disagree that windex is a natural occurrence ... I admit it requires that you take a long view ;)
This really is viable stuff, don't forget that some of the FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, & Doubt) you hear is propaganda (sometimes second or third hand, echoed by useful idiots) from those who don't want ppl to realize that this might be an economically viable alternative to fossil fuel in the near future. Don't underestimate that phenomenon. Even right now, it could be reasonable for a person like me, to whom a bit of extra $ spent might be a fine trade-off for a quiet car that doesn't pollute. I am working with a friend on making a micro solar-thermal plant + electrolysis + haber-bosch + fuel cell prototype ... the whole shebang on a small scale. Then we will scale it up. If the energy came from good old fashioned free sunlight, it is clearly an economically viable fuel. The real problem that we need to overcome is that we don't each have small renewable power sources at home ... another subject which suffers from FUD propaganda convincing huge numbers of people that it is less economically feasible than it really is. In a lot of places you can build a junk windmill yourself in 10 hours for $300 and get 500 watts out of it ... which at 2 cents per kwh would pay for itself in 15000 hours of wind which might take 3 years or so. And 2c/kwh is fairly cheap electricity.
Cheers to all, keep up the good thinking.
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text: WHITBY -- Whitby fire crews are battling a basement blaze on Cochrane Street. Fire crews were called to 3643 Cochrane St., south of Taunton Road, at 12:20 p.m. "Smoke and flames were visible upon arrival through the basement window," said Shawna Coulter, public education officer for Whitby Fire and Emergency Services. Ms. Coulter said two people escaped the basement and fire crews are currently battling heavy smoke and flames. Shortly after 1 p.m., Ms. Coulter said firefighters were forced to take a defensive position and exit the building due to rapidly deteriorating conditions in the home. Four pumper trucks and an aerial truck responded from Whitby. Oshawa sent over a pumper truck for extra help and another pumper from Oshawa was en route.


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One of Oak Meadow's biggest events is just around the corner, and you're invited! Over the past few months, third through eighth grade students have been working hard to prepare for the OMS Science Fair. Proven to be one of the biggest academic events of the year, Oak Meadow's Science Fair is a showcase of student experiments and a culmination of the knowledge each student has gained. Students thoughtfully consider a project of interest, and embark on a journey to test their theories using the scientific method. This event is not to be missed! All are welcome and invited to check out this year's experiments next Thursday, March 6, from 6:00-7:00 p.m. in The Rizzi Center. See you there!
Oak Meadow Children's House teacher Beth Hickey recently presented at the Montessori Schools of Massachusetts conference held at Dean College in Franklin, Mass. this past Saturday. Mrs. Hickey's presentation entitled "Yoga and Meditation: For your Self, For your Class" focused on the benefits of yoga and meditation, including the ability to respond more thoughtfully to emotionally proactive situations both in and outside of the classroom.
Oak Meadow alumna Samantha Broderick OMS '08, currently a sophomore at New York University studying music education with a vocal concentration, has recently been selected as a soprano singer for the World of Color Honor Choir.


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Pedestrian killed in hit-and-run in Colo. Springs
Posted: 9:01 AM Oct 28, 2012
Reporter: Associated Press
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (AP) -- Police are investigating after a pedestrian was killed in a hit-and-run crash in southeastern Colorado Springs.
The Gazette says officers called to Hancock Expressway just after 3:40 a.m. Sunday found the man's body in the westbound lanes.
The victim's name has not been released, and police have not provided information about the vehicle that hit him.
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Tuesday, March 11, 2014
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On this date in...
1657...In response to Governor Peter Stuyvesant's persecution of the Quakers in Flushing, the local sheriff issues the Flushing Remonstrance calling for religious tolerance for all.
1892...The cornerstone is laid for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine on Manhattan's Upper West Side.
1932...It's opening night for Radio City Music Hall as thousands crowd the richly-decorated Art Deco theater to enjoy a gala evening of music, dance and film.


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I see that with the new design, you can get popular items for each top level category (WordPress, Site Templates, etc), but I don't see a way to get these lists for past weeks. You used to be able to see top sellers for any week by scrolling through the pages. Is this functionality gone completely?
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Monday, March 10, 2014
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The man police say was behind an armed carjacking and robbery spree last week will have to undergo a psychiatric evaluation.
A judge ordered Nicolas Almonte held until the exam is performed.
The Queens District Attorney says the 27-year-old was arraigned on charges of robbery and unlawful imprisonment.
Prosecutors say in a one hour span Thursday morning, Almonte used a BB gun to carjack and rob several people.
Police spent all day on a manhunt before finding him in Brooklyn.
Almonte faces 25 years in prison.
He's due back in court May 28.


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The Orlando Magic cruised past the Golden State Warriors on Friday night, 99-85, in yet another strong defensive outing. Orlando limited the visiting Warriors to 37 percent shooting and 34 points in the paint despite allowing 25 points to Stephen Curry and 24 to former All-Star forward David Lee. The victory was Orlando's second over Golden State on the season and made the Magic the only team to defeat the Warriors since November 24th; Golden State has won its other eight games during that span.
Team | Pace | Efficiency | eFG% | FT Rate | OReb% | TO Rate |
Warriors | 99.0 | 93.2 | 40.8% | 10.9 | 28.6 | 13.2 |
Magic | 99.0 | 108.5 | 52.9% | 9.3 | 28.3 | 16.4 |
Green denotes a stat better than the team's 2012/13 average; red denotes a stat worse than the team's 2012/13 average. |
Rookie forwards Andrew Nicholson and Maurice Harkless each blocked four shots in the victory, all of them in the first half, in helping Orlando control the painted area. And the Magic rebounded 28.3 percent of their own misses against the Warriors, who entered the game leading the league in defensive rebound percentage. Harkless tallied four of his seven rebounds at the offensive end, while second-year center Nikola Vučević snared five offensive boards.
Apart from Curry and Lee, Golden State shot 15-of-53 (28 percent) for 36 points. The Magic, in contrast, had a balanced offense, with eight players scoring between seven and 16 points.
Orlando has limited each of its last five opponents to less than one point per possession.
Looking for Orlando Magic tickets? Orlando Pinstriped Post has you covered. We invite you to follow Orlando Pinstriped Post on Twitter and like Orlando Pinstriped Post on Facebook.


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Classic 'Star Trek' control panel gets modern facelift
There's a certain retro-cheesy charm to the sets used for the original "Star Trek." The lights and sounds of the bridge are ingrained in minds of many Trekkies. Several members of the USS Nokomis, a Twin Cities "Star Trek" fan club, made their very own bridge console, using modern technology to bring it to life.
Every year, the "crew" of the USS Nokomis stocks a party room at its Trekkie convention. Needing to spruce up the hotel room's decor, members set about making a classic "Trek" control panel. Sure, they could have plugged in some lights and called it done, but they instead drafted Arduino, an open-source electronic prototyping platform, and Raspberry Pi, a credit card-sized computer, into the project.… Read more


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