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Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Current Biology, Volume 22, Issue 20, R861-R863, 23 October 2012
Add/View Comments (0)Niche construction drives social dependence in hermit crabs
Mark E. Laidre1, ,
1 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Organisms can receive not only a genetic inheritance from their ancestors but also an ecological inheritance, involving modifications their ancestors made to the environment through niche construction [1]. Ecological inheritances may persist as a legacy, potentially generating selection pressures that favor sociality. Yet, most proposed cases of sociality being impacted by an ecological inheritance come from organisms that live among close kin and were highly social before their niche construction began [2]. Here, I show that in terrestrial hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus) — organisms that do not live with kin and reside alone, each in its own shell — niche-construction drives social dependence, such that individuals can only survive in remodeled shells handed down from conspecifics. These results suggest that niche construction can be an important initiator of evolutionary pressures to socialize, even among unrelated and otherwise asocial organisms.
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Niche construction is a process of organism-driven environmental modification in which ecological changes brought about by organisms' behaviors can potentially feed back over evolutionary time, altering natural selection pressures on the organisms, their descendants or other species [1]. Niche construction appears ubiquitous [2], and it may have been a powerful force in the evolution of highly social animals. However, few examples show whether niche construction could drive the early origins of sociality, for instance by instigating strong selection for a reliance upon unrelated conspecifics and their associated niche-constructed products. Here, I examine the consequences of a niche construction behavior in terrestrial hermit crabs, involving modification of gastropod shell architecture.
Most hermit crabs use gastropod shells as homes [3]. Unlike aquatic hermits, though, terrestrial hermits modify shells through a form of niche construction that involves eroding the shell interior to create a more spacious and lightweight remodeled home [4,5] (Figure 1A). Niche construction is widespread among terrestrial hermits: of thousands of shells sampled from those naturally inhabited by Coenobita compressus all have been found in a remodeled state [4,5]. I investigated the consequences of this niche construction by taking C. compressus individuals from their original shells (Supplemental information) and then allocating them to matched-diameter shells that were either gastropod-derived shells (i.e., unremodeled shells never before inhabited by a hermit) or hermit-derived shells (i.e., remodeled shells previously inhabited by conspecifics).
In their original shells, hermits were able to retract to the point that their enlarged, flattened left claw could be kept tight against the shell aperture as a 'pseudo-operculum' (Figure 1C), which prevents desiccation and blocks enemies [3]. The same level of retraction was possible for all individuals allocated to hermit-derived shells. However, such retraction proved impossible for individuals allocated to gastropod-derived shells (Figure 1B). Measurements revealed that gastropod-derived shells had significantly smaller entrances than hermit-derived shells (t-test: t = 15.41; df = 29.50; p < 0.0001), and hermits appeared unable to fit inside the former because their abdomens were significantly larger than the entrances (t-test: t = 11.01; df = 33.07; p < 0.0001; Figure 1D). Even when hermits squeezed partway into entrances to gastropod-derived shells, the volume of these shells provided only half the space of hermit-derived shells (t-test: t = 5.85; df = 33.63; p < 0.0001; Supplemental information), so crabs still protruded severely, with much of their vulnerable abdomen exposed (Figure 1B). Consequently, hermits allocated to gastropod-derived versus hermit-derived shells showed starkly lower survival (Fisher's exact test: p < 0.0001; Figure 1E), with none living even 24 h due to attack by ants (Supplemental information), mammal predation [5], and desiccation.
Remodeled shells constitute an ecological inheritance [1,2] that is reused by many successive hermits [3]. Unlike aquatic hermits though, which target sites of gastropod predation to acquire shells directly from gastropods [6], terrestrial hermits — particularly once they reach adult size — cannot readily use such shells: only remodeled shells derived from fellow conspecifics provide suitable homes for adult terrestrial hermits, thus dictating social dependence among unrelated [7] conspecifics. The virtual absence of unoccupied remodeled shells in terrestrial hermit populations [4,5,7] means these hermits are forced to socialize [8] if they are to find a replacement shell once they outgrow their current shell. The supply of remodeled shells is never entirely depleted, because the smallest, often immature individuals in a terrestrial hermit population can enter unremodeled shells when forced and remodel them over an extended period [4]. Also, some of the biggest unremodeled shells may occasionally be entered by larger, adult hermits for remodeling.
Fossil records indicate that niche construction by terrestrial hermits via shell remodeling has been taking place for millions of years [3], providing ample time for these behaviorally-induced ecological changes to feed back with evolutionary consequences. Indeed, the starkly lower survival of terrestrial hermit crabs in non-hermit-derived shells is likely to have favored these hermits' highly gregarious tendencies, such as spontaneous aggregation at the sight of clustered conspecifics [8]. Aquatic hermit crabs, in contrast, which do not remodel shells [3], commonly target chemical cues of gastropod death to locate new shells [6]. Niche construction can thus be an important initiator of evolutionary pressures to socialize [1,2,9,10], even among genetically unrelated and otherwise asocial organisms.
I thank Osa Conservation for field support, Kevin Laland and Geerat Vermeij for valuable comments on the manuscript, and the Miller Institute at Berkeley for funding.
1 (2011). Cause and effect in biology revisited: is Mayr's proximate-ultimate dichotomy still useful?. Science 334, 1512–1516. CrossRef | PubMed
2 (2003). Niche Construction: the Neglected Process in Evolution. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press). PubMed
3 (1993). A Natural History of Shells. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press). PubMed
4 (2012). Homes for hermits: temporal, spatial and structural dynamics as transportable homes are incorporated into a population. J. Zool. Lond. 288, 33–40. PubMed
5 (2012). Costs of a more spacious home after remodelling by hermit crabs. J. R. Soc. Interface , doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0501 | in press. PubMed
6 (1981). The behavioral ecology of hermit crabs. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 12, 1–22. PubMed
7 (2003). Terrestrial adaptations in the Anomura (Crustacea: Decapoda). Mem. Mus. Vict. 60, 13–26. PubMed
8 (2010). How rugged individualists enable one another to find food and shelter: field experiments with tropical hermit crabs. Proc. R. Soc. B 277, 1361–1369. CrossRef | PubMed
9 (2010). The evolution of eusociality. Nature 466, 1057–1062. CrossRef | PubMed
10 (2011). Beyond DNA: integrating inclusive inheritance into an extended theory of evolution. Nat. Rev. Genet. 12, 475–486. CrossRef | PubMed


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A push is needed for better tools to prevent vendors from collecting private data
Over the course of the last four years, the White House's vision for using innovation to improve government services has fostered a rising tide of change in the government IT enterprise. Now, President Obama's election to a second term presents an opportunity for the administration's IT leaders to take stock of their progress and assess the work that remains.
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U.S. government information systems store a variety of unclassified but still sensitive materials regarding government programs, individuals and companies. The Department of Veterans Affairs, for example, stores troves of individual health records for its beneficiaries. Government agencies evaluate proprietary information from thousands of companies to award contracts for goods and services. All agencies house mission-critical information regarding policies and organizational plans.
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This narrow definition of data protection does not appear to recognize the expanding ways in which vendors can potentially profit from or even misuse government information. Even when sanitized of sensitive content, government communications could still reveal significant information regarding policy priorities and future government actions. For example, procurement communications could refer to future acquisition plans and proprietary information. These types of information should not be mined to serve to benefit any one company, particularly in the event that this data could be misused. In this transition period, U.S. policymakers need to fully assess the risks of data collection by contracted services providers and prevent the mining of government information for all non-government purposes. To do so, they should update existing standards and enforcement mechanisms, shifting away from a narrow focus on compliance to instead account for a more comprehensive, dynamic definition of data protection. Currently, the extent to which agencies are accounting for these risks remains unclear, and agencies need to publicly clarify what steps they are taking to mitigate these concerns.
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Prostate Cancer (cont.) Medical Author:
Kevin C. Zorn, MD, FRCSC, FACS
Kevin C. Zorn, MD, FRCSC, FACSDr. Kevin Zorn is a dual-board-certified (US and Canada), minimally-invasive uro-oncology, fellowship trained urologist at the University of Chicago. His main focus of clinical and scientific interest is in the surgical treatment of renal and prostate cancer. He is also an expert in performing surgery with the DaVinci Surgical Robotic System to manage localized prostate cancer and small renal masses. Dr. Zorn studied medicine and urology at McGill University in Montréal. Coauthor:
Pierre-Alain Hueber, MD, PhD
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William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACRDr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology. IN THIS ARTICLE
ChemotherapyChemotherapy is the also used against prostate cancer.
Newer chemotherapy medicines, such as docetaxel (Taxotere), have shown some promise in prolonging the survival of some patients with extensive prostate cancer. They may also decrease the pain related to widespread cancer. However, this comes at the cost of significant side effects that may impact quality of life. Symptom palliation: The primary approach to the management of symptoms in patients with advanced prostate cancer is systemic therapy. For patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer, palliative therapy may be indicated to treat symptomatic bone metastases or symptoms arising from progressive pelvic disease. Next Page: Must Read Articles Related to Prostate Cancer
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GUI and Event Driven Prgmg.
Continues the work done in CS 112, with emphasis on graphic user interface and event-driven programming (currently Java). Requires significant projects.
Veilleux, Tis.
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Florida Atlantic University President Mary Jane Saunders said Tuesday that the rescinding of a $6 million donation by the private prison company GEO Group will not harm funding for academic programs at the school, but she admitted that FAU needs to improve its image after several public relations debacles this year.
The university announced late Monday that the agreement by which GEO, a Boca Raton firm, would pay the school $500,000 yearly for 12 years, in exchange for naming rights to the university football stadium, was vacated after GEO's human rights record came under attack.
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BOL 1076: You got served, through Twitter
In the U.K., you don't have to be in the presence of someone to serve them with legal papers. So now Twitter has become a way to get served. We also are happy that the U.S. government is taking cybersecurity seriously, but maybe they could lay off with the cyber prefix a little. And we try to care more about the Palm Pixi. We really do.
Subscribe with iTunes (audio) Subscribe with iTunes (video) Subscribe with RSS (audio) Subscribe with RSS (video) EPISODE 1076Vista/IE market share slide, Win 7/Firefox/Chrome surge http://blogs.zdnet.com/hardware/?p=5700… Read more


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By Mr. Binienda of Worcester, petition (accompanied by [legType], House, No. 00902) of John J. Binienda and others for legislation to establish a prevent blindness fund through the office of the Registrar of Motor Vehicles. Joint Committee on Transportation.
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Opening this Friday, September 7th at the brand new Bottleneck Gallery in Brooklyn, New York is "More Than You Imagined: Art Inspired by Premium Cable." The show looks quite exciting and features a good handful of SE favorites. If you're in Brooklyn be sure and stop by. Click here for more information.
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California GMO food labeling vote could shift U.S. food supply
IoES Professor Matt Kahn & IoES Affiliate and Environmental Law Center Executive Director Sean Hecht were quoted in a Green Biz article about Prop. 37, a measure on the November ballot that would require genetically modified foods to be labeled.
Analysts say big businesses have a wide variety of concerns about Prop. 37. Sean Hecht, executive director of the UCLA Environmental Law Center, said the measure reminds him of California's Proposition 65. That decades-old law requires businesses in the state to warn consumers about potentially dangerous chemicals in the products they purchase. Such initiatives, he said, "provide consumers … a choice about what to buy, and would put pressure on manufacturers to not use these products."
And there's debate about the potential costs for both consumers and manufacturers if Prop. 37 passes. Companies affected by the measure "have an interest in making this sound like an economic burden," said Matthew Kahn, professor at UCLA's Institute of the Environment -- and they could end up passing that burden on to the public with even higher food prices. "Organic growers will love this; it will clip off some consumers [from the GMOs]. But if I were CEO of a company that produces GMOs, I would remind people that there's still hunger in America."
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To read the full article by Bruce Kennedy click here.
Published: Thursday, August 23, 2012


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Music, News & Yeshiva
The first followers of Yeshua (Jesus) were considered a Jewish sect. They continued to observe Jewish holy days and were involved in Temple worship. Jesus never encouraged his followers to formally break from Judaism.
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In recent times, reconciliation began with Christians embracing their Hebraic roots. Many Jews have accepted Yeshua and embrace their Jewish messiah.


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(Prior to Fall 2010, this course was known as ANTHR 1.1.The information below might still reflect the old course numbers. Bracketed numbers, if any, are the old course numbers. Learn more...)
3 hours; 3 credits Introduction to the basic concepts, theories, and methods of cultural and linguistic anthropology.
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- Nick Bjugstad leads Minnesota in powerplay and overall goals. Here are highlights of his 16th goal in Minnesota's 3-2 win over Wisconsin.
- Brian Foster became the 11th goaltender in ECHL history to score a goal.
- Steven Hodges had four points (3G/1A) in his four games last week for the Victoria Royals.
- Vincent Trocheck's point streak continues to ten games. During his four game week, he scored seven points (4G/3A). He's currently third in OHL scoring.
Rampage News:
- The Rampage went 2-0-1 in their weekend series, with both wins coming in the shootout.
- On Friday they lost 5-4 in overtime to the Milwaukee Admirals. San Antonio allowed the final three goals in 3:29 minutes, after holding a 4-2 lead in the third. The line of Howden-Santorelli-Ortmeyer had five points in the first period. Goaltender Jacob Markstrom received a ten minute misconduct for throwing his stick across the ice. Markstrom believed he was cross-checked before the final goal.
- Both Saturday and Sunday were the first Rampage shootout victories of the season. Dov Grumet-Morris saved a career high 49 shots in the 4-3 win over the Peoria Rivermen, and Markstrom came one win closer to his career high in the 5-4 win over the Chicago Wolves. Neither goalie allowed a goal in both of their shootout wins.
- San Antonio still lies on the bottom of the South Division, and are 13th in the Western Conference. However, the team is now .500 for the first time since November, with a 23-23-1-4 record. They're still only four points away from eighth-seeded Rochester.
- Forward Mike Santorelli was recalled by Florida on Monday.
Prospect of the week
D Michael Matheson scored two points for Boston College in a 4-4 tie against New Hampshire. The freshman is tied with five players for 28th in Hockey East scoring, tied for second in defensemen scoring, and third for freshmen scoring (both with Boston Bruins prospect Matt Grzelcyk). The Pointe-Claire, Quebec native leads Boston College in penalty minutes and is tied for second in blocked shots.


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oXygen is an XML editor that supports any XML document, and works with XML Schemas, DTDs, Relax NG schemas, and NRL Schemas. It has powerful transformation support that allows you to edit XSLT and XSL-FO documents and to obtain documents in the desired output format (such as HTML, PS, or PDF) with just one click. It also includes a complete Subversion client, support for flattening XML Schemata, an XML Schema instance generator, integration with the X-Hive/DB, MarkLogic and TigerLogic XML databases, editing actions on the diagram, and a rename refactoring action.
Light-Weight Visual Components Library (LwVCL) is a powerful, small, fast, efficient, framework of visual components that provides a rich set of customizable, flexible user interface components. There are versions for J2SE/J2ME Personal Profile, J2ME MIDP, .NET, and SWT. This provides a unified GUI framework for different platforms that provides the same API, the same concepts, and the same look and feel.
DynChap provides an additional pseudo hardware token based authentication layer for PoPToP virtual private networks. The authentication uses the user's mobile phone to generate a hash that needs to be entered along with the user's password in a custom connection dialogue. Upon connecting, the VPN verifies the authenticity of the hash. The hash is generated from a serial (by default 32 printable characters) stored in the J2ME based mobile phone and the current time; the VPN server compares this hash against the serial and current time, minus or plus a small deviation (by default 2 minutes). If the username, password, and hash match, access is granted and the custom dialer is closed, the connection can now be controlled like an ordinary VPN connection.
JChassis ANSI Terminal Controller is a Java API for controlling ANSI-compliant terminals and terminal emulators such a Linux virtual terminals, xterm, Gnome Terminal, and KDE Konsole. The library can be used to display character styles and colors and graphical characters in those environments. It is a repackaging of various JChassis modules into a standalone library that does not require the JChassis SDK or framework.
JChassis TermUI is an API for simple GUI-like user interfaces on ANSI/VT100-compliant terminals and terminal emulators, such as Linux virtual terminals, GNOME Terminal, and KDE Konsole. The intent is similar to that of the ncurses library, but done in pure Java. Several commonly used widgets are available.
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By KRWG News
Texas – The Texas Senate has voted to strengthen prison inmates' access to post-conviction DNA testing.
Texas DNA testing has exonerated about 40 former inmates in recent years, the most in the nation, according to the Innocence Project.
State law allows post-conviction DNA testing if certain requirements are met. The bill by Sen. Rodney Ellis of Houston requires testing if biological evidence was not previously tested, or if new techniques would give more accurate results.
It also requires any newly-discovered, unidentified DNA samples to be compared with a federal and state DNA databases.
A similar bill passed the Senate in 2009.
The bill now goes to the House for consideration.
Copyright 2011 The Associated Press.


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Breaking News
China-bound Malaysian jet vanishes with 239 aboard
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia (AP) -- Search teams across Southeast Asia using ships and planes scoured the seas between Malaysia and Vietnam on Saturday looking for traces of a Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 that disappeared from air traffic control screens with 239 people on board....
National & World News
China-bound Malaysian jet vanishes with 239 aboard
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia (AP) -- Search teams across Southeast Asia using ships and planes scoured the seas between Malaysia and Vietnam on Saturday looking for traces of a Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 that disappeared from air traffic control screens with 239 people on board....
Boeing 777: 1 of the most popular, safest jets
NEW YORK (AP) -- The Boeing 777 flown by Malaysia Airlines that disappeared Saturday morning over the South China Sea is one of the world's most popular - and safest - jets....
Frustration in Afghan women's rights struggle
KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) -- In 2009, the United States gave Wazhma Frogh the International Woman of Courage award for her women's rights activism in Afghanistan. Prominently displayed in Frogh's office is a picture of then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton granting her the award as First Lady Michelle Obama smiles, clapping by her side....
Local News
DEP says radiation normal at Pa. well blast site
DILLINER, Pa. (AP) -- Pennsylvania officials say testing shows that radiation levels aren't above normal near the site of a recent Chevron natural gas well fire....
Chevron pizza 'scandal' isn't one in small town
BOBTOWN, Pa. (AP) -- Critics are raging after an energy giant offered pizza coupons to a community near a natural gas well that exploded last month, killing a worker....
Philly jury returns Monday in priest-abuse case
PHILADELPHIA (AP) -- A Philadelphia jury has deliberated for more than a day in a Philadelphia priest-abuse case without reaching a verdict....
Local leaders to ask pope to visit Philly in 2015
PHILADELPHIA (AP) -- Top officials from Philadelphia will travel to Rome this month to ask Pope Francis to attend a huge Roman Catholic gathering in the city next year, they announced Friday....
Pa. man settles lawsuit against Md. State Police
BEL AIR, Md. (AP) -- A Pennsylvania man has agreed to a $10,000 settlement of his lawsuit accusing Maryland State Police officers of roughing him up after he raced past a traffic stop on his motorcycle....
Pa. girl, 15, gets juvenile confinement in crash
ERIE, Pa. (AP) -- A 15-year-old northwestern Pennsylvania girl who was driving more than 100 mph when she crashed an SUV that killed her 8-year-old brother and injured three other children must spend at least 30 to 60 days confined to a juvenile facility....
120 Pa. homes boiling water after plant damaged
SIX MILE RUN, Pa. (AP) -- Some 120 homes, with about 300 residents, were still boiling their drinking water more than three weeks after heavy snow caused the roof of the local water company plant to collapse in southwestern Pennsylvania....
Pa. jobless rate falls again, hiring flat in Jan.
HARRISBURG, Pa. (AP) -- Pennsylvania's unemployment rate dropped in January to its lowest rate since 2008, although hiring remained flat, according to new figures released Friday....
NW Pa. man gets life in crack dealer's bat beating
ERIE, Pa. (AP) -- A northwestern Pennsylvania man will spend life in prison for fatally beating his crack cocaine supplier with a baseball bat, after the dealer took $500 - nearly all of the defendant's pay check - to settle a drug debt....
NE Pa. optical plant to close, lay off 145 workers
SIMPSON, Pa. (AP) -- An optical firm has announced plans to close a northeastern Pennsylvania plant this fall, laying off all 145 workers....
Opinion Poll
KQV/Trib Total Media Listener Poll Do you think Pittsburgh should use taxpayer dollars to pay police officers to patrol Market Square during the St. Patrick's Day celebration? <More Info>
Yesterday's Poll
KQV/Trib Total Media Listener Poll Do you agree with Rutgers University's decision to stand by its invitation to former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to be this year's commencement speaker?


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Social Networking for Fashion Doll Lovers
Ellowyne Doing ad for Creme De La Mer, My Fav :)
Albums: Dolly-Rompus!
Add a Comment
Her hair looks amazing Mark, very lustrous!! She should do a shampoo ad too
Thanx again Annette, "Easy-Breezy-Beautiful..."
Absolutely gorgeous!
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Stocks have had a great run in Obama's term
One can argue over how big a role the administration played in the huge market rally since March 2009. Gains for, say, Apple, Caterpillar and others are really due to management skill. But Obama did provide one crucial element to the recovery.
For all of the complaints of the business community about Barack Obama, they can't complain much about what his administration and the Federal Reserve have done for the stock market.
The Dow Jones industrials ($INDU) are up 58.3% since he took office. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index ($INX) is up 66.7%. The Nasdaq Composite Index ($COMPX) is up 96.1%. The Russell 2000 Index ($RUT) is up 75.7%.
Remember that Obama took office during the 2008-09 market crash. The market bottomed on March 9, 2009, about seven weeks after he was sworn in. Since then, the Dow is up 100.3%. The S&P 500 has jumped 109.5%, and the Nasdaq has soared 136.5%. The Russell 2000 has surged 138.5%.
If you measure the Dow's gain during a presidential term, Obama ranks seventh of the 19 presidents who took office in the 20th or 21st centuries. He would rank sixth if you measured from the March 9 low.
Republican Calvin Coolidge, who became president after Warren Harding died in 1923, had the best Dow gain during his years in office: 262.8%. The market surged as radios and automobiles became must-haves for Americans, as opposed to gadgets for the affluent.
Next was the 225.2% Dow gain during Bill Clinton's years, a rally built on the personal-computer revolution and the dot-com bubble.
The problem with the Coolidge and Clinton markets was that economic optimism morphed into pure market bubbles. Their successors had to deal with the ensuing blow-offs.
During George W. Bush's terms, stocks slumped after the dot-com bubble burst and the country was staggered by the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks. The stock market rose again as the economy recovered but was taken down when the housing bubble burst.
Management execution obviously had a much larger impact on the stocks than Barack Obama. He would surely concede he has nothing to do with Apple's (AAPL) 626.3% gain since its 2009 low, which occurred ironically on inauguration day. Can you say iPod, iPhone and iPad?
Nor would he claim anything to do with Google's (GOOG) 165% gain since its 2008 low, or Amazon.com's (AMZN) 569% gain since November 2008, nor Caterpillar's (CAT) 291% gain since its March 2009 bottom.
Still, among the administration's major achievements are stabilizing the nation's banking system and providing support for the auto industry. The former was done in cooperation with the Federal Reserve. Those helped the markets and the economy.
The administration conducted stress tests on 19 financial institutions, 18 of which were publicly held. All of the 18 stocks are higher, led by Fifth Third Bancorp (FITB), up more than 1,000% from its 2009 low, Capital One Financial (COF), up 630%, and American Express (AXP), up 449%.
Presidents and the Dow since 1900 | |||||||
President | Years in office | Dow chg. during term | |||||
Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 | 262.80% | |||||
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | 225.17% | |||||
Franklin Roosevelt | 1933-1945 | 163.74% | |||||
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | 130.60% | |||||
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | 120.37% | |||||
Harry Truman | 1945-1953 | 81.56% | |||||
Barack Obama | 2009- | 58.57% | |||||
George H.W. Bush | 1989-1993 | 45.41% | |||||
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | 23.41% | |||||
Theodore Roosevelt | 1901-1909 | 22.80% | |||||
Warren Harding | 1921-1923 | 16.92% | |||||
Lyndon Johnson | 1963-1969 | 15.94% | |||||
John Kennedy | 1961-1963 | 15.85% | |||||
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | 0.24% | |||||
William Howard Taft | 1909-1913 | -1.51% | |||||
Woodrow Wilson | 1913-1921 | -7.50% | |||||
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | -7.60% | |||||
George W. Bush | 2001-2009 | -21.78% | |||||
Herbert Hoover | 1929-1933 | -81.22% |
"A coalition of community, labor and good government organizations is calling on the U.S. Office of Government Ethics to investigate presidential candidate Mitt Romney for noncompliance with the Ethics in Government Act and compel him to either disclose his investments or divest them," according to the , who requested the charges.
The Romney profits came from Adelphi, a former parts supplier of the Delco division of General Motors. Adelphi was not technically supposed to be included in the federal bailout money given to the auto industry. But since neither GM nor Chrysler could survive without parts from Adelphi, $12.9 million in federal bailout money was and eventually diverted to hedge funds that Mitt and Ann Romney bought into.
Romney did not disclose his windfall profits from Delphi in his June 1, 2012, Public Financial Disclosure Report to the office of Government Ethics, "because he did not disclose the underlying holdings of his private equity and limited partnership funds," according to .
With the UAW charges coming to light, the reason for Mitt Romney's hiden tax returns becomes more apparent and more important as he seeks the presidency.
Vote Robme and elect a liar, tax cheat, and felon for President!
Obama stated at the beginning of his term that he would cut the deficit in half in 2 years. It's been 4 years and our deficit has only increased! We don't need promises we need results. Look at the candidates accomplishments and results. This should be the easiest vote for the educated. Unfortunately, we have too many uneducated individuals in this country. Gimme Gimme Gimme
OMG! Charley give me a break! Stocks are stuck at 13,000+ and have stalled just like the economy. Besides the stall, they are at a level no higher than where they were shortly before he took office!
Typical MSN article. Misleading in an attempt to make any Democrat liberal look good! Why do I even come here?? Insanity I guess
Markets naturally bounce back. After four years I would hope they were back to where we were.
All I know is many of my fellow tradesmen are still not working 40 hours a week. They have had a terrible last four years and it doesn't look any better. Many older guys have taken early retirement and our pension is still in the yellow by fed standards. It is actually less funded than last year.
If Obama wins again he will be untethered and you will see his full wrath or should I say in Obama's terms "revenge" on America that his father dreamt about.
What a bunch of crap. When you FLOOD the economy with another 6 TRILLION dollars is causes the PRICE of EVERYTHING to go up.
GOLD has gone up nearly $1000 because the number of dollars in circulation. Only an idiot would say the "false rise" in the stock market had anything to do with Obama having done anything positive or corrective.
We STILL have a FISCAL CATASTROPHE after FOUR YEARS of INEPT policies from Obama.
Get ready for inflation folks. You can't print your way out of decades of politically and greed motivated bad financial policy and poor fiscal management. Chickens WILL roost, at some point.
OBAMA - Chicago corruption and incompetence to take us over the cliff now.
ROMNEY - Competence leading to postponement and much bigger and more devastating bubble.
Even though Democrats have delusion built into their DNA, Republicans are falling into the same hope and change fraud of four years ago.
Don't be delusional - OBAMA 2012 !!!
I was happy to see that you took note of the dot com bubble bursting as Bush came into office and that
shortly after we had the 9/ll terror attack. The democrats have overlooked these things and blamed him for any and everything that was problematic during his terms in office. Pleae also note that he did not blame Bill Clinton. The markets have done well because we couldn't make money on CDs or houses or anything else. Bernanke forced us into risky investments with low rates. That only works for a while. I am afraid that no matter who is president next inflation is going to bring the market down again . Whoever is president will get the blame. Presidents do not have as much to do with the market as everyone thinks.
Copyright © 2014 Microsoft. All rights reserved.
Fundamental company data and historical chart data provided by Morningstar Inc. Real-time index quotes and delayed quotes supplied by Morningstar Inc. Quotes delayed by up to 15 minutes, except where indicated otherwise. Fund summary, fund performance and dividend data provided by Morningstar Inc. Analyst recommendations provided by Zacks Investment Research. StockScouter data provided by Verus Analytics. IPO data provided by Hoover's Inc. Index membership data provided by Morningstar Inc.
Breaking up big banks is an untested solution to the too big to fail problem that attempts to isolate and dismantle large, troubled institutions while protecting the rest of the economy.
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[BRIEFING.COM] Two hours into the session, the major averages are holding their recent levels with the Nasdaq (+0.3%) leading while the S&P 500 (+0.1%) sports a two-point gain.
Individual sectors trade in mixed fashion with technology (+0.5%), health care (+0.4%) and consumer discretionary (+0.2%) setting the pace while energy (-0.2%), financials (-0.2%), and materials (-0.1%) lag.
Today's leading sector, technology, is receiving considerable support from its top component, ... More
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- Video: Easy DIY smoked meats at home
A charcuterie master shares his process for cold-smoking meat at home.
- Jetpacks about to go mainstream
- Weird things covered by home insurance
- Bing: 70 percent of adults report 'digital eye strain'


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View Image
Silent Hill Flash Mob
Are you ready to be mobbed...with terror!?!
Are you ready to be mobbed...with terror!?!
Flash Samara
Riding on the roof is old school
See what I did, there?
Bull, Gobbles, and Flashback, the New Mexico 3 Hypes, never back down from ...
I'm all smiles over here too babe.
She actually needs sunglasses to protect from that flash.
... the Committee For Dull Water Hobbies.
This picture is not doctored, I was taking the pic with my iphone and ted s...
It's OK to laugh
No solid gold toilets? Oh well.
She's a classy broad
For night photography
Flash Auditions
when your not looking you miss the best treats
5 out of 10. Would.


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Parody of the AUSTRALIAN MADE logo
There are so many iconic Australian brands now owned and manufactured overseas!
It's getting a little hard to "Buy Australian" these days without studying every label.
Another addition to my Logo Fun collection… for more see HERE
Which one will be next?
australia, australian, brand, clever, designer, funny, kangaroo, logo, parody, sarcasm, cool, humour, humor, suitcase, bag, vector, graphic, brother, adam, de la mare
Brother Adam is a London born, Melbourne based creative with a random eye for the ridiculous. www.brotheradam.biz
View Full ProfileFantastic. bye kiwi maid?
ha ha… go for it ;o)
– Brother Adam
How true! bye bye Australian made…
Yes indeedy… I saw a report this evening that said out of the top 100 selling products in the supermarket… only 4 were Australian made. Pretty crap really!
– Brother Adam
Here endeth the lesson ;o)
– Brother Adam
Yeah no surprise, and this is all from our government trying to make an extra quick buck selling our companies, but not giving a shit about our economy in the long run… sad really
yes… very sad!
– Brother Adam
America needs one of these shirts.
well at lease the $$ I make from these will be spent here in Oz ;o)
– Brother Adam
Featured in the Australia! You're Standing In It Group… thanks guys!
Yes, how relevant is that! Clever thinking, 99.
Cheers Gary :o)
– Brother Adam
Your T-shirt has been FEATURED in the
Australia! You're Standing In It…group!
Thanks heaps for the feature Vanessa… much appreciated!
– Brother Adam
So true!
Well done!
Thanks Donna :o)
– Brother Adam
Featured in the ART ACTION UNION – CREATIVE ACTIVISM GROUP
Thanks guys!


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Truth & Rumors > NFL
Reed: Don't count Lewis out for 2013
- Views
- 15642
- Comments
- 69
08:00 AM ET 01.29 | Skeptical fans aren't the only ones not totally buying Ray Lewis' assertion that this is his last ride. [Long-time teammate] Ed Reed warned reporters gathered in New Orleans not to be "so sure" that Super Bowl XLVII will indeed be the future Hall of Famer's last game. "Maybe he'll play 10 games next year," added Reed. Lewis reportedly already has a multi-year deal in place to join ESPN as a studio analyst. His son, Ray Lewis III, is slated to follow in his footsteps as a freshman running back for the Miami Hurricanes in 2013. Lewis insisted a week ago that he "can't come back" because family considerations now outweigh his desire to play another season. It's understandable that Reed would hold out hope for one more Butch-and-Sundance championship run.
Hasn't he already signed up for Social Security and Medicare? How can he go back now?
Total Comments (23706)
Ellerbe is playing great! I don't see the Ravens organization paying Lewis.
Total Comments (796)
I just read somewhere that Ray signed Farve to be his new agent..... ;^D
It all depends on whether or not cameras will still be pointed in his direction should he decide to walk away.
Total Comments (20584)
It all depends on whether or not cameras will still be pointed in his direction should he decide to walk away.
I'm sure he can get a reality show if he wants one.
Total Comments (3215)
How about coming clean on where he hid his clothing from the MURDER SCENE in Atlanta????? Blood on his hands=== bet he is visited by the demons at night...
Total Comments (929)
I'm sure he can get a reality show if he wants one.
No. No! NO!!!
Lewis is gone, and I kinda doubt Ed Reed is gonna be back in purple and black next year anyways.
Total Comments (11934)
This Ray Lewis nightmare is brought to you by the new CBA. What I would not do to have the old IR rule back...
Total Comments (77)
Remember to keep your posts clean. Profanity will get filtered, and offensive comments will be removed.
Truth & Rumors
Rockets will come after 'Melo
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MLB reconsidering Montreal
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Calipari feared he was the world's worst coach
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Revis deal calls for $25M cap hit in 2015
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Looming crisis for Yankees
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After careful and actual personal consideration of the matter, I have concluded that disclosure of the three categories of information described below and in more detail in the classified Giuliano Declaration could reasonably be expected to cause significant harm to the national security, and I therefore formally assert the state secrets privilege over this information.
The FBI has come under controversy for its investigation of Muslims in the US before. In 2009, FBI Director Robert Mueller [official profile] said the FBI will continue investigating mosques [JURIST report] when there may be evidence or information regarding criminal wrongdoings after the Council of Islamic Organizations of Michigan [advocacy website] sent a complaint to Holder alleging the FBI had been asking members of the Islamic community to spy on religious leaders and followers. The alleged conduct might be allowable under the attorney general's guidelines [text, PDF] passed in 2008 governing FBI investigations, which rights groups say open the door to racial and religious profiling [ACLU backgrounder]. In February, a man claimed [LAT report] that he had been commissioned by the FBI to infiltrate several Orange County mosques. The informant had provided information to the agency regarding Ahmadulla Sais Niazi, a Muslim man accused of lying about his ties to al Qaeda. Last year, the FBI responded to criticism [press release] regarding alleged investigations into mosques and the Muslim community claiming that "the FBI [does not] have a surveillance program to monitor the constitutionally protected activities of houses of worship." Although Mueller has defended the new attorney general guidelines as a "necessary step" in fighting terrorism, the proposed guidelines were amended [JURIST reports] by the DOJ last year before they came into effect to appease Congress and civil rights groups.


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Results 1 to 25 of 25
- 11-17-2012, 08:40 AM Thread Author #1
Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
Well, after being a loyal Nokia fan and recently picking up the new 920, I returned it for the Note 2. My past 5 phones have been Nokia's starting with 2 N9's, the Pureview 808, Lumia 900 and my week with the 920. While WP8 was nice, I was ready for a change, was getting bored.
I researched the Note 2 for quite a while and came to the conclusion that it pretty much has all that and then some, feature and spec wise. I'm loving it so far but like others coming from other OS's, it's a lot to take in. I think my last Android phone was the Atrix 2 so I'm not a total Android noob. I recently picked up a Nexus 7 as well so I'm now surrounded.
One of the things I really liked with WP is what they call the people hub. You can link all of your social accounts into one screen, does Android have something like this? It would be nice to see all of my FB, Twitter, etc. in one feed. There are a TON more apps for Android than there are for WP so that's a big bonus even though it will take me forever to get through all of them.
Anyway, just wanted to pop in and check on the social feed options and I look forward to what's to come! - 11-17-2012, 09:36 AM #2
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
Hmm since its android there's probably an app for that.
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Please don't thank me unless I have helped you in some way, if you like my post then click like not thanks.
Check out my github @ https://github.com/gollum18 - 11-17-2012, 09:40 AM #3
- 11-17-2012, 09:54 AM Thread Author #4
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
There is a widget called android pro widgets that you can place on your home screen. It will show you your twiiter and Facebook feeds on a scrollable widget for quick glancing.
Sent from my jelly bean flavored nexusLast edited by elvisgp; 11-18-2012 at 01:42 PM.
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
I gave my girlfriend my Galaxy nexus and she has the same problem. To me, having android for quite some time I have been used to just checking each one individually. But she is pretty annoyed not having it. I don't think us Android peeps have any idea how you are feeling about this. If anybody knows of a good one please holler
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I317 using Android Central Forums - 11-19-2012, 08:04 AM Thread Author #8
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
Im not stressing too hard about it. I need to find a new FB client as yhe official one kind of blows. Twitter seems ok so Ill keep looking. There are too many other things to learn about this phone that are keeping me busy:thumbup:
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I317 using Android Central Forums - 11-19-2012, 06:52 PM #9
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
welcome to the family
- 11-19-2012, 08:59 PM Thread Author #10
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
Sent from my Samsung Galaxy Note2Rockin' the Sprint Samsung Galaxy Note II & the Hisense Sero 7 Pro! - 11-19-2012, 10:14 PM #12
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
I've been contemplating picking up a 920 for s and giggles but everything I read on WP central the phone is a friggin train wreck. Gorgeous, but an utter cluster F.
- 11-20-2012, 02:25 PM Thread Author #16
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
Welcome. The Lumia 920 was way over-hyped in my opinion. People were pre-bashing on Samsung and Apple saying how great pictures were and how amazing 3d maps was and loving the Lumia 920 before they got one. But the chatter has really died quickly.
The Note 2 is still buzzing, and rightly so.
As for the people hub, sounds a lot like Social Hub by Samsung? Integrates, FB, Twitter, LinkedIn, text messages into one page. I personally never gave it a chance, but may be worth looking into.Check This Out:
"The Daily Note II" - 80+ Tips & Tricks Video Series For The Galaxy Note 2
"The Daily S4" - *New* Tips & Tricks Video Series For The Galaxy S4!
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
I'm convinced most of the 920 hype was astroturfing on the part of MS employees. There was a disproportionate amount of interest online for the 920 and the Surface RT tablet. How is it I've seen exactly one WP device in the wild (which makes sense considering its low single digit market penetration) but half the people online are salivating over the 920?
The truth is, most people don't want a Windows anything. They only upgrade to a Windows because their old system ran on Windows. People are avoiding Windows 8 right now, and will likely avoid Windows Phone 8 as well. - 11-21-2012, 08:29 AM #20
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
Buddy of mine works for ATT corporate and landed me a 920 promotional device (atleast I think it is). It's not horrible, Metro is a pretty cool UI, the device itself is gorgeous. Once you figure out what app on WP corresponds with the rest of the world you're OK (some actually function better). The battery life thus far has been absolute crap. I just reset the phone and set it up as a new and we'll see. It's a pretty nice change of pace when you're board, but I don't think it will unseat my Note2.
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
My son is waiting for his contract to expire and then he's getting the 920. The main reason is the extreme image stablization on the 920's camera. His hands shake slightly and he has a hard time taking photos. How was the camera in that phone compared to this one? I haven't taken a poor shot yet thanks to being able to say 'cheese' and not have to press a button, but I can't talk him into the Note 2.
Galaxy Note 2 <~ OG EVO 4G <~ HTC Fuze <~ HTC3125 <~ Motorola Something - 11-25-2012, 02:13 PM #23
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
Note 2 top
Sent from my Samsung Galaxy Note II - 11-25-2012, 02:15 PM #25
Re: Returned Lumia 920 and picked up Note 2
Lumia 920
Sent from my Samsung Galaxy Note II
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While the General Assembly has failed to come to a consensus on pension reform this session, Todd Fiscal Court made a change in its retirement contribution policy this morning that should save the county twenty thousand dollars a year on average.
Treasurer Tammy Robertson recommended that county employees hired beginning July 1st be on a one year retirement system probation period, meaning neither the employee nor the county would contribute to a pension plan for twelve months.
That action passed unanimously and with very little discussion. Ms. Robertson says there is frequent turnover in some departments such as the jail and this action will keep the county from paying the 19-percent contribution until an employee becomes more well-established.
In other action, Judge-Executive Daryl Greenfield says about $4,000 in road funds is in limbo because the state designated it for the City of Allensville. The problem is there is no acting Allensville government and the last known election there was in the late 1970's. That's approximately when the town's government decided to dissolve, but they apparently never filed the proper paperwork.
The state won't give the money to Todd Fiscal Court and there is no government in Allensville to receive it. Fiscal Court gave authority to County Attorney Mac Johns to take court action that could begin the process of formally dissolving Allensville as a municipality.


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Twenty Views on Twenty Years of RAND Europe
To mark the occasion of RAND Europe's twentieth anniversary, Twenty on Twenty features the thoughts of 20 people—one for each of our 20 years—who know us in different ways. Their personal reflections on past and future policy issues provide interesting reading as we contemplate our next 20 years. Read More »


text: "Never work with children or animals," a wise actor once said. The reason is simple. Once you've dipped your toe into the murky waters of the kid movie ghetto, you may never be able to escape. Getting a reputation as the kind of thespian who will caper for cheap amusement for an audience of little idiots, who don't know comedy from Backyardigans, is the kiss of death. In this feature, we'll spotlight eleven actors who killed their own career in the kid movie ghetto.


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Exit Devices
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Come raft frogs, blow insects, and attach seeds to find out how plants and animals get to new environments. Discover which ones can survive in the stomach of a bird and look at nature up close and personal. This workshop complements the Between Earth & Sky Journey. All are welcome, even if you aren't doing the Journey. Come earn a Girl Scouts of Western Washington participation patch. Don't forget a lunch and your coat!
Adults must register and remain at the event.


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The death of a history professor is at first dismissed as a school prank gone wrong. But Jessica learns of an academic rivalry steeped in conspiracy. watch
The revamped version of One Life to Live made its online debut this week, so what exactly went down in Llanview? (Short answer: A lot!) Let's recap:
As her husband Kyle (Brian Hallisay) risks being sent to prison, Riley (Jennifer Love Hewitt) faces some daunting legal challenges and tries holding her family together with a risky plan to buy the Rub. watch
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When the Riverton Ripper vanished, 7 children were born. Now they're turning 16, and turning up dead. Wes Craven (Scream) keeps your heart racing in this terrifying suspense-thriller.
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As the Barret family's peaceful suburban life is rocked by an escalating series of disturbing events, they come to learn that a terrifying and deadly force is after them.
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Blair turns to Tea after her emotional day with Todd. Viki and Jeffrey deliberate whether Clint's actions should be made public.
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Your backstage pass to everything OLTL: Hillary B. Smith (Nora) cuts a rug and dishes the dirt, Kassie DePaiva (Blair) has hope for a happy ending, Melissa Archer (Natalie) exposes Hollywood hypocrisy, plus your exclusive First Look at what's coming up!
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One Life to Live's Bree Williamson (Jessica) is ready to walk the planks, having scored the role of Corie in a production of Neil Simon's Barefoot in the Park, to run Aug. 23 through Sept. 23 at the John W. Engeman Theater in Northport, Long Island, TheaterMania reports.A few other soap-star sightings to keep an eye out for: Florencia Lozano (ex-Téa, OLTL) plays an affluent Manhattan mom in the CW's Gossip Girl (premiering Sept. 19).... Another Llanviewer, Trevor St. John, plays pop to Six Feet Under's Peter Krause in flashbacks in the pilot for ABC's Dirty Sexy Money (airing Sept. 26).... All My Children's Jeff Branson (Jonathan) makes a fleeting (yet hysterical) appearance in the indie film Delirious (now in theaters). read more
"Auntie Em! Auntie Em!" Tornado season arrives during May sweeps on ABC's One Life to Live, and Llanviewers will literally be swept off their feet. "There's a tornado happening after Michael and Marcie's wedding," Renée Elise Goldsberry (Evangeline) tells TVGuide.com. "I am going to go blind. But you know what? Somehow I plan to have hair that looks good windblown. The blind thing will be realistic, but my hair is always gonna be too good to be true. It's a soap! You have to keep it glamorous." The divine Ms. Goldsberry — who is a Daytime Emmy contender for Outstanding Supporting Actress — says she snagged her nomination by submitting tape of Vangie's breakup with supercop John McBain (Michael Easton). But will Vangie ever find a man to call her own? Hey, she may soon get two! OLTL executive producer Frank Valentini hints to TVGuide.com that she'll be torn between Todd (Trevor read more
Speaking of soap hunks named St. John, One Life to Live star Trevor St. John has a can't-miss episode on Friday, Feb. 3. Spoiler alert! "Todd is sentenced to death by legal injection [for murdering Margaret and their unborn son]," OLTL head writer Dena Higley tells TVGuide.com. "Then we cut to Margaret in labor."
Yep, the pregnant psycho is alive, not drowned or strangled. Todd's wrongful murder conviction is, of course, engineered by the evil Dr. Spencer Truman. "Spencer wants Blair," Higley emphasizes. "I wanted the audience to go through phases with Todd where they thought he did it, then they knew he didn't, then they thought maybe Spencer had killed Margaret. Then it's revealed that Spencer has just been sequestering her. [He's done this because] it's not just about getting Todd out of the way physically. Spencer has to kill Todd emotionally for Blair. He has to kill her love for him. Th read more
Today through Sept. 9, stars from ABC's All My Children, General Hospital and One Life to Live will unite on The View in "Operation: Soap Hope," a fundraiser for victims of Hurricane Katrina. ABC Daytimers thus far confirmed to take turns fielding phoned-in donations during the live broadcasts (11 am to noon ET) include AMC's Susan Lucci (Erica) and Aiden Turner (Aidan); OLTL's Kathy Brier (Marcie), Kamar de los Reyes (Antonio), Michael Easton (John), Erika Slezak (Viki), Hillary B. Smith (Nora), Robin Strasser (Dorian), Robert S. Woods (Bo), Trevor St. John (Todd) and Bree Williamson (Jessica/Tess); and GH's Kelly Monaco (Sam). read more
You might be also interested in the following websites:


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Hi everyone! I'm Georgia! Welcome to YALITCHAT.ORG, the non-profit organization born from our twitter chats on Wednesdays. Hopefully you'll find a rich, egnaging community from which to draw inspiration, education and friendship.
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Thanks a bunch for the welcome. I'm excited to be here! I haven't checked out the Experts group, yet. I'll go take a peek.
Nice place you've got here. Happy to have found you all. My name is Ara.
Though I tend to hopscotch in and out of different genres, my work is primarily Young Adult. I'm in the middle of giving my novel-in-progress a 6-week rewrite break; it's a historical centering around high school, hijinks, and music.This will be its third rewrite, so the finish line is in sight!
I'm excited about connecting with other YA writers and diving into the great community here. It will be nice to get feedback from other YA writers who understand the category. (I wouldn't call it a genre, would you?)
Let's do this!
Great to meet you, Ara! You'll find this community very helpful and encouraging. I write all the encompasses KidLit. I'm sure we'll meet up at some point. Welcome!
Thanks for the welcome, Sheri. Looking forward to getting involved in the community. :)
Hey guys! My name is Courtney and I'm so glad I've found this site - it seems like you have a fantastic community here and I'm excited to be a part of it. I write primarily YA in a lot of different genres, though right now it's been mostly fantasy/sci fi. I have a lot of characters that I developed when I was a kid that I'm just now, at the very end of my college experience, able to give the stories they deserve. I'm looking forward to sharing the novel I'm currently cleaning up along with all the other stories (long and short) that I'm working on with the community.
So happy to be here, guys!
Courtney, welcome!! Your energy is fabulous. Love it. And yes, this place is awesome. So glad you found us.
I probably should have joined a long time ago, but I sort of didn't realize this was a "thing" outside of Twitter...
Anyway, I'm L. Scribe Harris, hostess of Pendragon Variety Podcast, a podcast for aspiring writers of genre fiction, and Fit-2-Write Podcast (with Tee Morris and Justin Macumber). Also, I'm currently a soldier in the submission no-man's-land. I've got two finished novels, one that's gone on resubmission with an agent, the other I'm revising. A third is in its outline form in Scrivener.
I write fantasy that tends to straddle the line between YA and Adult. You know, that hard-to-market spot in the market where characters are college students and twenty-somethings not yet settled in their skin?
I'm really looking forward to meeting you all! DM me on twitter @Marksmaster and I'll follow back. :) I blog about writing at Ink-Stained Scribe.
It's great to meet you, Lauren. You sure sound busy! We love that type of energy here. I'll head over and check out your site and on Twitter. Feel free to check out my site, too. (http://writersally.blogspot.com) In the meantime, explore this site. It's a wonderful place to explore and grow!
Thanks! Checking yours out too. :) The first hurdle here is figuring out how the site works, and where everything is. :)
Hi, everyone! I'm so excited to finally jump in and really join this wonderful community. Hope you're all having a fantastic week!
Hi all - Sean Cummings. I live in Saskatoon Canada. I write urban fantasy and my first foray into Young Adult will be in bookstores this October - it's called POLTERGEEKS. :)
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Sale Pending
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This item is in excellent vintage condition. There are no chips, no cracks, and no repairs.
Reference : Glass Toothpick Holders by Bredehoft and Samford 2nd edition, page 128.- The newer ones made after 1940 have a cupped and stippled base.
Originally this particular type of glass was developed in 1885 by the Mt. Washington glass Company. Queen Victoria named the glass "Burmese" because the beautiful blend of colors reminded her of sunset in Burma.
This is an older ( 1970's ) ruffle top basket in excellent condition. It is approximately 8 1/2" tall with the handle, 7" in diameter and 4" tall without the handle.
It has the beautiful Roses design. It is signed on the bottom "hand Painted J. Wilson."
There are no chips, no cracks, no repairs. This carnival glass bowl is in excellent vintage condition.
Crystal pitchers have never been reproduced to date. It is in excellent condition.


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This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2012) |
Tagbilaran | |||
Component city | |||
Nickname(s): City of Peace and Friendship | |||
Map of Bohol showing the location of Tagbilaran |
Coordinates: 09°39′N 123°51′E / 9.650°N 123.850°ECoordinates: 09°39′N 123°51′E / 9.650°N 123.850°E | |||
Country | Philippines | ||
Region | Central Visayas (Region VII) | ||
Province | Bohol (capital) | ||
District | 1st district | ||
Incorporated | February 9, 1742 (town) | ||
Incorporated | July 1, 1966 (city) | ||
Barangays | 15 | ||
Government[1] | |||
• Type | Strong Mayor-Council | ||
• Mayor | John Geesnell Yap (NUP) | ||
• Vice Mayor | Toto Veloso (Liberal) | ||
Area[2] | |||
• Land | 36.50 km2 (14.09 sq mi) | ||
Population (2010)[3] | |||
• Total | 96,792 | ||
• Density | 2,651.8/km2 (6,868/sq mi) | ||
Demonym | Tagbilaranons | ||
Time zone | PST (UTC+8) | ||
Zip code | 6300 | ||
Dialing code | 38 | ||
Website | tagbilaran.gov.ph |
Tagbilaran is a 3rd class[4] component city in the island province of Bohol, Philippines, and serves as its capital. Its population in the 2010 census was 96,792 people.[3]
Tagbilaran lies in the southwestern part of the province, and has a total land area of 32.7 km², with about 13 km of coastline. The city is on the south of Cortes, southwest of Corella west of the town of Baclayon and is about 630 km southeast of Manila and 72 km south of Cebu City.
It is the principal gateway to Bohol and is known as the "City of Friendship". Tagbilaran is considered by the Institute for Solidarity in Asia as one of the eight Philippine Dream Cities, along with Samal, San Fernando, La Union, Cebu City, Iloilo City, Marikina, Naga, Calbayog City and Surigao City. It was also recognized as one of the 20 "Most Competitive Cities in the Philippines" and "Pinoy Cities on the Rise" in 2005 and 2007, and first in the Quality of Life Category for the same two years, awarded by the Asian Institute of Management (AIM) Policy Center.
A hundred years before Spaniards arrived in the Philippines, the settlement of which eventually became Tagbilaran City was already involved in trading with China and Malaysia. This early settlement had contact with the Spaniards in 1565, when the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi and the native chieftain Datu Sikatuna pledged peace and cooperation through the famous blood compact.
(San Jose de) Tagbilaran was established as a town on February 9, 1742, by General Don Francisco Antonio Calderon de la Barca, Governor of the Visayas, who separated it from the town of Baclayon. The town was dedicated to St. Joseph the Worker. Since then it was part of the province of Bohol until it became a chartered city on July 1, 1966, by virtue of Republic Act No. 4660.
The city was occupied by the United States during the Philippine-American War and by Imperial Japan during World War II.
Historic events[edit]
One of the most important events in Philippine history (immortalized on canvass by the famous Filipino painter Juan Luna) was the blood compact between Datu Sikatuna, a local native chieftain, and Captain Miguel López de Legazpi, the Spanish explorer and colonizer. It took place in the coast of Bool, now a district of Tagbilaran, on March 16, 1565, a day after Legazpi and his crew of conquistadores on four ships chanced upon the shores of Bool during their trip to the province of Butuan from Camiguin Island because of strong southwest monsoon winds and low tide.
On that day, March 16, 1565, Legazpi with Fray Andres de Urdaneta and some of his crew set foot on land for an audience with the local chieftain Sikatuna. The two bands of different race and creed met a few hundred meters from the beach and, after a few pleasantries, the Basque seafarer and the chieftain of Bohol sealed and strengthened their treaty of friendship in a historic blood compact. Sikatuna and Legazpi each made a cut on the left arm and collected the drop of blood into a single vessel mixed with wine. To honor this treaty of friendship, the late President Elpidio Quirino established the "Order of Sikatuna", a presidential award and decoration conferred upon visiting dignitaries. A marker now stands on the very spot where Sikatuna and Legaspi sealed that famous compact.
Another significant event that took place during the Japanese Occupation was the Battle of Ubujan wherein a guerrilla unit under the command of Captain Francisco Salazar (a.k.a. Vicente Cubello) engaged Japanese troops against overwhelming odds. It was a display of Boholano bravery against the well-equipped, well-trained Japanese soldiers.[5]
2013 Earthquake[edit]
An earthquake with magnitude 7.2, with an epicenter near Sagbayan, Bohol, struck Bohol at 8:12 a.m. local time (00:12:37.20 UTC) on October 15, 2013, causing casualties and damage in Tagbilaran. There were 4 fatalities and 21 injured persons, with damage to numerous buildings, including the seaport, airport, and city hall.[6]
Population census of Tagbilaran | ||
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
1990 | 56,363 | — |
1995 | 66,683 | +3.42% |
2000 | 77,700 | +3.11% |
2007 | 92,297 | +2.49% |
2010 | 96,792 | +1.60% |
Source: National Statistics Office[3][7] |
Flag | Tagbilaran City Flag |
Hymn | Tagbilaran Hymn |
Dance | Kuradang |
Bird | Tailor bird (Tamsi) |
Flower | Bougainvillea |
Tree | Acacia |
Plant | Golden Duranta |
Fish | Danggit |
City Hall of Tagbilaran |
Local Chief Executives of Tagbilaran (1742- )[edit]
The city is governed locally by a mayor, although historically by a Gobernadorcillo and Presidente Municipal afterwards.
See List of Mayor of Tagbilaran
Political subdivision[edit]
There are 15 barangays comprising Tagbilaran, with a population of 96,792 for the year 2010 census,[3] with an annual growth rate of 3.6%. However, 41% of the entire population reside in the four urban districts where trade and commerce are concentrated.
Barangay | Area (km²) |
Population (2007) |
Population (2010)[3] |
Pop. density (per km²) |
Bool |
Booy |
Cabawan |
Cogon |
Dampas |
Dao |
Manga |
Mansasa |
Poblacion I |
Poblacion II |
Poblacion III |
San Isidro |
Taloto |
Tiptip |
Ubujan |
The City of Tagbilaran has that relative advantage as Bohol's main business capital and center of governance, education and transportation. It is on this climate that commerce and trade is very promising in the city, and business activities thrive in port towns (e.g. Ubay, Tubigon, Talibon, Jagna) known to be growth centers of the province.
Many residents of Tagbilaran City are considerably moneyed, but when it comes to business development, they become investment-shy. It is observable that dollar earners and entrepreneurs would rather save and bank their money rather than invest them for business endeavor. In the light of this situation, the inflow of investments from foreign investors are steadily pouring in to finance business ventures especially in the area of tourism.
The two local food delicacies, "Peanut Kisses" and "Edelweiss Torta", were started and promoted by the Alvarez family.
For a city its size, Tagbilaran has more than 20 banking institutions serving its populace as well as the entire province. This is due to the "thriftiness" of Bol-anons and remittances received from locals working abroad who hail from the city and other towns in Bohol. The average household income is P 141,028.00/annum in 12,876 households.
The city and the entire province of Bohol is mainly served by Tagbilaran Airport. Cebu Pacific Air using Airbus A319 have one flight daily, PAL Express using Airbus A320 and Airbus A319 have three flights daily, AirAsia Zest using Airbus A320 have two flights daily. Flights to and from Tagbilaran to Manila takes around 1 hour and 15 minutes.
The Tagbilaran City Tourist Port serves boats plying the busy Cebu-Bohol sea traffic and major port cities in Mindanao. A fastcraft ferry ride from Cebu takes about 2 hours. OceanJet with five trips daily, SuperCat with three trips daily and Weesam Express with four trips daily are the fastcraft companies plying the Tagbilaran City to Cebu City route.
Transportation within the city consists of tricycles, multicabs, jeepneys, buses, taxis and vans. Multicabs and jeepneys ply the longer routes while taxis and vans-for-hire are usually used for out-of-town travel. All of them are found in the Tagbilaran City Integrated Bus Terminal in Dao District. Bolanios Bus Lines, Mega Bus Lines, UltraBus Lines and Silver Star Bus Lines are the bus companies driving the Tagbilaran City to Metro Manila (Pasay City / Cubao, Quezon City) route with each bus line having at least one daily trip.
Climate data for Tagbilaran City, Bohol | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 31 (87) |
31 (88) |
32 (90) |
33 (91) |
33 (92) |
33 (91) |
32 (90) |
33 (91) |
32 (90) |
32 (90) |
32 (89) |
31 (88) |
32.08 (89.75) |
Average low °C (°F) | 23 (73) |
23 (73) |
23 (74) |
24 (75) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
24 (76) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
24 (76) |
24 (75) |
23 (74) |
24 (75) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 54.9 (2.16) |
64 (2.5) |
89.2 (3.51) |
53.8 (2.12) |
62.2 (2.45) |
96 (3.78) |
92.7 (3.65) |
84.6 (3.33) |
74.9 (2.95) |
117.9 (4.64) |
124.7 (4.91) |
101.1 (3.98) |
1,015.5 (39.98) |
Source: http://weather.msn.com/local.aspx?&wealocations=wc%3a7544788&q=Tagbilaran%2c+PHL&setunit=F |
The city is served with a mix of public and private health care institutions that also cater to the health needs of the rest of the province. Complex major cases and services are sent to nearby Cebu City due to lack of facilities.
- Holy Name University Medical Center
- Borja Family Hospital Corporation
- Englewood Hospital
- Governor Celestino Gallares Memorial Regional Hospital (tertiary public)
- MMG Bohol Cooperative Hospital
- Ramiro Community Hospital (tertiary private)
- Bohol St. Jude General Hospital
- Tagbilaran Community Hospital
- Tagbilaran Maternity and Children's Hospital
As the capital of Bohol, Tagbilaran is the main center for education in the province. All of the province's universities are located in the city as well as other well-known institutions of learning.
Colleges and Universities[edit]
- Bohol Island State University (BISU)
- AMA Computer Learning Center
- BIT International College (BIT-IC, formerly Bohol Institute of Technology, BIT)
- Bohol Technical Institute (BTI)
- Bohol Wisdom School
- Holy Name University
- Holy Spirit School of Tagbilaran
- Immaculate Heart of Mary Seminary (IHMS)
- Informatics Computer Institute
- PMI Colleges Bohol
- Systems Technology Institute (STI Colleges)
- University of Bohol
The city is a start-off point to Bohol province's attractions: the Chocolate Hills, Tarsier, white sandy beaches, dive spots, heritage sites and old stone churches. Home to several hotels, resorts, and restaurants, the city has recently become a venue for national conventions and gatherings.
This section requires expansion. (May 2009) |
The Sandugo Festival is an annual celebration in Tagbilaran in commemoration of the blood compact between Miguel López de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna in March 1565. The festival is celebrated every July to coincide with the month-long activities celebrating the city's Charter Day on July 1 and the Province's (Bohol) Day on July 22.
May 1 is celebrated as the city's fiesta in honor of its patron saint, St. Joseph the Worker.
Notable Tagbilaranons[edit]
- Jose A. Clarin (1879–1935) - Senator & Senate President ProTempore, Republic of the Philippines (1916–1935)
- Juan S. Torralba - Senator, Republic of the Philippines (1931–1937)
- Fermin S. Torralba - Secretary of the Philippine Senate (1931–1935)
- Constancio Chatto Torralba - Provincial Governor of Bohol from April 1975 to June 1992. Father of Sandugo
- Cecilio K. Putong - Secretary of Education (1952)
- Oscar Butron Glovasa - 1st Placer, 1968 Bar Exams
- Gabriel Torero Ingles - Associate Justice, Court of Appeals of the Philippines (2011–present)
- Marlo Apalisok Magdoza-Malagar - Judge, Regional Trial Court, City of Manila (2005-present)
- ^ "Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results". Intramuros, Manila, Philippines: Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 11 September 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
- ^ "Province: BOHOL". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010". 2010 Census of Population and Housing. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
- ^ About Tagbilaran. City Government of Tagbilaran, Bohol, Philippines.
- ^ History of Tagbilaran http://www.tagbilaran.gov.ph Retrieved December 6, 2009.
- ^ "SitRep No.10 re Effects of Earthquake in Sagbayan, Bohol". National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. October 19, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ^ National Statistics Office - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality: Central Visayas: 1995, 2000 and 2007
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tagbilaran City. |
- City Government of Tagbilaran
- Provincial Government of Bohol
- City of Tagbilaran
- Philippine Standard Geographic Code
- Philippine Census Information
Cortes | Corella | ||
Maribojoc Bay (Cebu Strait) | Baclayon | |||
bridge to Dauis |


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A first taste of Sydney
By Erica ParedesIt's hard not to fall in love with Sydney. It's clean, efficient and modern, but with an old world charm that can't be beat. The Land Down Under, in general, has always been a paradox to me. On one hand, it is filled with old buildings and heritage houses and Victorian terrace apartments, and aboriginal carvings can still be found on the coastal suburbs.