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Christian Living
True Christian living requires us to live according to Kingdom standards which bring Heaven to earth
Christian Perfection
By: Frank L. Hoffman
Jesus said, "Therefore you are to be perfect, as your heavenly Father is
perfect." (Matthew 5:48)
Chapter 19B - Making a Mistake
(Wesley's writings are in Bold)
In this part of "A Plain Account of Christian Perfection", we again find John Wesley defending the simple truth before those who don't want to accept it. The whole intent of the Bible in relation to sin is that we should not sin. It's that simple. And, if we do sin, we are to go forth and sin no more (John 8:11). We are to grow and mature into the state of perfecting God's love within us. In such a state we do not deliberately commit a sin (an act of commission), though we may still make a mistake or unintentially sin (an act of omission).
"Question. What was the judgment of all our brethren who met at Bristol in August, 1758, on this head?
"Answer. It was expressed in these words:
(1) Everyone may mistake as long as he lives.
(2) A mistake in opinion may occasion a mistake in practice.
(3) Every such mistake is a transgression of the perfect law. Therefore,
(4) every such mistake, were it not for the blood of atonement, would expose to eternal damnation.
(5) It follows that the most perfect have continual need of the merits of Christ, even for their actual transgressions, and may say for themselves, as well as for their brethren: 'Forgive us our trespasses' [Matthew 6:12a].
The key to understanding this is that a critical component of asking God to forgive us is the degree to which we forgive others (Matthew 6:12). From the Scriptures, it appears that we receive forgiveness only to the extent that we forgive others. Note what we are told in Matthew 6:14-15.
14 "For if you forgive others for their transgressions, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.
15 "But if you do not forgive others, then your Father will not forgive your transgressions.
NASULet's go back to Wesley's comments.
"This easily accounts for what might otherwise seem to be utterly unaccountable, namely, that those who are not offended when we speak of the highest degree of love, yet will not hear of living without sin. The reason is they know all men are liable to mistake, and that in practice as well as in judgment. But they do not know, or do not observe, that this is not sin, if love is the sole principle of action.
I sense a tone of almost continual frustration coming forth in Wesley's writings on the subject of Christian Perfection. His precept is so simple, but presenting it and having it accepted is like jousting with windmills. People seem to understand that they sin, but they don't want to be classified as sinners, so they try to find excuses for their actions.
Such people want to be covered by God's grace and forgiveness, but they don't seem to want to strive to go forth and sin no more as Jesus told the woman who was caught in adultery (John 8:11). The simple act of striving to go forth and sin no more is reaching for Christian Perfection. The very desire to go forth and sin no more is, to me, a sign that God's love is being perfected in us.
When Mary and I tell people about the atrocities we have observed and read about being inflicted upon the vast majority of farmed animals, the first response we usually get is, "Don't tell me!" Such a reaction most likely is brought about because these people don't want to acknowledge their part in causing such horrible pain and suffering. They don't want to be reminded that every time they buy an animal's flesh or by-product, they are putting money in the hands of the abusers. The more money these "farmers" and industries make, the more animals they cause to suffer and die.
Nowhere in the Bible do we find any justification for deliberately abusing a human or an animal. Thus, to do so is a premeditated sin: a state far from the perfection of God.
The Bible also teaches us to treat our slaves with kindness, but it does not condemn human slavery. Yet we have matured enough to know that keeping slaves in a sin, and the institution of slavery has been abolished in Jewish and Christian societies. People said that our society couldn't exist without slavery, and they were proved wrong. One day, hopefully in the near future, we will find that the same truism applies to farmed animals, and we will mature even closer to being perfect as our Father in heaven is perfect.
The prophet Isaiah reached out in the Spirit of God and saw the perfection of God reestablished in the Peaceable Kingdom, and he wrote (Isaiah 11:6-9 NASV):
And the wolf will dwell with the lamb,
And the leopard will lie down with the kid,
And the calf and the young lion and the fatling together;
And a little boy will lead them.
Also the cow and the bear will graze;
Their young will lie down together;
And the lion will eat straw like the ox.
And the nursing child will play by the hole of the cobra,
And the weaned child will put his hand on the viper's den.
They will not hurt or destroy in all My holy mountain,
For the earth will be full of the knowledge of the Lord
As the waters cover the sea.
© 2001-2002 - The Mary T. and Frank L. Hoffman Family Foundation. All rights reserved. May be copied only for personal use or by not for profit organizations to promote compassionate and responsible living. All copied and reprinted material must contain proper credits and web site link www.all-creatures.org .
| Go on to Chapter 19C -
If They Live Without Sin... |
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All Creatures Guide to Kingdom Living includes such subjects as: life, heaven, earth, peace, justice, Bible study, discussion, commentary, God, Christ, Christian, Jewish, Jesus, Holy Spirit, vegetarian, vegetarianism, vegan, veganism, cruelty free, love, compassion, lifestyle, Bible, recipes, sermons, stories, animals, animal rights, Judeo Christian, health, ethical, environment, living, meditation, perfection, prolife, pro life, pro-life, abortion, capital punishment, war, hunting, fishing, trapping, farm, farming, factory, fur, meat, milk, dairy, slaughter, cattle, beef, pork, chicken, poultry, hens, battery, debeaking, John Wesley


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San-J Organic Shoyu -- 10 fl oz
Wonderful flavor
Another item that Vitacost carries at LESS THAN HALF the cost of Whole Foods. I have ordered this several times with no problem shipping it. Only once was there slight leak in the packaging. But Vitacost is meticulous in their packaging so it wasn't a problem.
July 15, 2013
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subset: commoncrawl


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Crockett County has a unique history to share. It was named in 1875 to commemorate the illustrious David Crockett of Alamo fame. He was killed in battle March 5, 1836, 5 months short of 50 years after his birth in Tennessee. He never trod the soil nor beheld its beauty, but he is forever linked to the county that proudly bears his name.
Crockett County is the eighth largest of 254 counties in Texas and covers over 3,000 square miles of ruggedly beautiful west Texas. The one and only town within its boundaries is Ozona, which is known as "The Biggest Little Town in the World," with about 3,500 persons calling it "home". The town is un-incorporated and, although being rather isolated from other towns, is quite independent. Ranching and oil/gas businesses keep the economy steady and school activities keep everyone involved.
Crockett County is proud of its heritage, and the Museum on the square shelters the artifacts and shares the stories of its inhabitants from 10,000 B.C. to present day. To the traveler, a stop at the Museum promises a new appreciation for this area of West Texas, as the stories are told about how E.M. Powell acquired a lot of acreage around present-day Ozona. He had surveyed a lot of West Texas and the State paid him in land. He came out to see what was his and found a tree--just a live-oak tree--and Ozona grew up around this tree which still stands. There's a lot more to this story and the Museum invites everyone to come in and hear all of it--and more. Visit 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday and 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. on Saturday.
Compiled by the Crockett County Museum
Crockett County Historical Markers
- Crockett County Courthouse, Ave. D, was completed in 1902 at a cost of $30,000.
- First Commissioners' Court Meeting, Ave. D, convened under the large oak tree on July 22, 1891. Plaque located at the base of tree at First Baptist Parsonage.
- Crockett County Jail, Ave. D east of Courthouse, was built in 1892 of stone quarried nearby.
David Crockett Statue, 11th Street on town square, honors Alamo hero. - First Water Well, Ave. D at First Baptist Church, was drilled in 1891 and became focus for early life in Ozona.
- Water System, Water Works Drive, fed by a well dug for E.M. Powell who laid out town and donated water well, storage cistern, windmill and land for public buildings.
- Heritage Building (school), Ave E., completed of native limestone in 1912 as the town's first permanent school building.
- Old Ozona Hotel, (now Preddy Funeral Home), 10th Street, built in 1893 to board teachers, visiting athletic teams and business visitors to the city.
- Old Ozona National Bank Building, Ave. E, the county's first financial institution, was constructed in 1905 of native stone.
- The Ozona Stockman, Ave E., weekly newspaper has provided continous coverage since 1892.
- The Perner House, Ave D., moved to the present site from Emerald in 1893.
- The Emerald House, fair ground park between IH-10 and U.S. 290, moved to Ozona from Emerald townsite.
- Fort Lancaster, U.S. 290, 36 miles west of Ozona, established in 1855 to protect travelers on the Old Government Road.
- Howard's Well, marker placed at Fort Lancaster, 36 miles west of Ozona, was landmark of western travel.
- The Chihuahua Trail and Escondido Water Hole, marker located at Fort Lancaster, 36 miles west of Ozona on U.S. 290, touched all known water holes in the area. Escondido Water Hole saved lives of many travelers.
- Old Government Road, Lancaster Hill roadside park 30.5 miles west of Ozona on U.S. 290, linked Army posts between Fort Clark and Fort Stockton.
- Fort Lancaster, C.S.A., town square, 11th Street, erected as memorial to Texans who served in Confederacy at Fort Lancaster.
- First Producing Oil Well, junction of SH 137 and U.S. 190, 22 miles northwest of Ozona, came in at a depth of 2,647 feet in 1925.
- Ozona-Barnhart Trap Company, SH right of way 7 miles north of Ozona.
- High Lonesome Stage Stand, roadside park 9 miles north of Ozona on SH 163, was the 20 mile point of the 86 mile mail line from Ozona to San Angelo. Built in 1902, it served one of Texas' last commercial stage lines.
- Comstock-Ozona Stage Stand, SH 163, 20 miles south of Ozona, was the first stop on a passenger and mail line connecting Ozona with the Southern Pacific railhead at Comstock 80 miles away.
- Parker Ranch Home, County Road 310 2 1/2 miles from Iraan, is a Spanish Colonial Home built in 1929 by Mr. and Mrs. O. W. Parker.


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by JEDEC | MIPI Alliance
Overview: Ever-increasing consumer expectations for mobile device performance and functionality are driving a need for targeted interface and storage solutions, high data transfer speeds and advanced power management.
MIPI® Alliance's M-PHY and UniProSM specifications are optimized for mobile applications, and are designed from the ground up for efficient power management in mobile devices, including enabling efficient transitions between the active and power save modes. The M-PHY interface is designed as the primary physical interface (PHY layer) for the UniPro specification, and is a high speed serial interface targeting up to 2.9 gigabits per second (Gbps) per lane with up-scalability to 5.8Gbps per lane.
JEDEC's Universal Flash Storage is a next-generation storage system standard for both embedded and removable flash memory-base storage in mobile devices, and is specifically tailored for applications and computing systems requiring high performance and low power consumption. UFS targets the highest performance and most power efficient data transport through use of the M-PHY and UniPro specifications to form its Interconnect Layer.
Why You Should Attend:
Presenters: Dirk Uffmann, Architect for Mobile Memory, Research in Motion Chair of the MIPI® Alliance Technical Steering Group Hung Vuong, System Architect, Qualcomm Co-Chair, JEDEC's JC-64.1 Subcommittee for Electrical Specifications and Command Protocols Additional speakers: Miika Rummukainen, Senior Technology Manager, Nokia Victor Tsai, NAND Architecture Strategy, Micron Technology Ken Drottar, Intel Sung H. Lee, Sr. Engineer of Memory Product Planning & Application Engineering Team, Samsung Semiconductor
Sakke Posted Mar 30, 2011
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The JEDEC Solid State Technology Association (Once known as the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council), is the semiconductor engineering standardization body of the Electronic Industries Alliance... Read More
MIPI Alliance is a global, collaborative organization comprised of companies that span the mobile ecosystem and are committed to defining and promoting interface specifications for mobile devices. MIPI... Read More
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I never realized how much I would grow to love these weird tomato-ish looking fruit in such a short time. Mostly it was used for juicing with the juicing buddies and the fruit came straight from their family gardens. Recently a neighbor dropped by and game me some because, she said, her brother in law gave her so many, she didn't know what to do with them all. I decided I'd make Persimmon Jam and then use that in a puff pastry! How ingenious is that!
Also I have been waiting a week for these beauties to ripen a bit more. Would it be weird if I offered some of the jam to the kind lady that gave me the fruit in the first place?
I have been trying out puff pastry bite size dessert ideas for sometime now. Apricot preserve, Pumpkin butter, pineapple jam, strawberry preserve, orange marmalade, chocolate sauce, cheese, spinach - you name it. In India I used to love the egg puff although not as much the mess it made while eating though. And i think that is one of my main reasons to make them bite size - no mess. These can be devoured by the dozen, can be made healthy(using whole wheat puff pastry) and are fast and easy to make as well.
I obviously had to pinterest all the little bite size treats i could. And I almost got lost deciding what I wanted to make. Finally i decided on giving these a try with what I had on hand before I went and splurged on fillings.
Pretty simple, right? These are as simple and straightforward as they look. The prep time is about 15 minutes and the cook time - about 30 minutes. Serve warm or cold, they are definitely a treat to the eye and the tastebuds.
Preheat oven to 375 F. Get puff pastry at the grocery store and thaw for about 10 minutes. Cut into desired shape and bake for 25-30 minutes. If you like to add egg wash to the top of the puff pastry, thats a good touch as well.
Once done, use a fork or your hand to make a small depression in the middle and add any pre-made topping you like!


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Trade-Ideas: News Corporation (NWSA) Is Today's Post-Market Leader Stock
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- NWSA is up 2.2% today from today's close.
EXCLUSIVE OFFER: Get the inside scoop on opportunities in NWSA with the Ticky from Trade-Ideas. See the FREE profile for NWSA NOW at Trade-IdeasMore details on NWSA: News Corporation operates as a diversified media company worldwide. The stock currently has a dividend yield of 0.6%. NWSA has a PE ratio of 11.4. Currently there are 2 analysts that rate News Corporation a buy, 1 analyst rates it a sell, and 1 rates it a hold.The average volume for News Corporation has been 14.6 million shares per day over the past 30 days. News has a market cap of $5.7 billion and is part of the services sector and media industry. Shares are unchanged year to date as of the close of trading on Monday.STOCKS TO BUY: TheStreet Quant Ratings has identified a handful of stocks that can potentially TRIPLE in the next 12-months. Learn more.TheStreetRatings.com Analysis:TheStreet Quant Ratings rates News Corporation as a buy. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its revenue growth, largely solid financial position with reasonable debt levels by most measures, notable return on equity, attractive valuation levels and solid stock price performance. We feel these strengths outweigh the fact that the company shows weak operating cash flow.Highlights from the ratings report include:
- The revenue growth came in higher than the industry average of 3.2%. Since the same quarter one year prior, revenues rose by 13.5%. Growth in the company's revenue appears to have helped boost the earnings per share.
- The current debt-to-equity ratio, 0.55, is low and is below the industry average, implying that there has been successful management of debt levels. Along with the favorable debt-to-equity ratio, the company maintains an adequate quick ratio of 1.49, which illustrates the ability to avoid short-term cash problems.
- Current return on equity exceeded its ROE from the same quarter one year prior. This is a clear sign of strength within the company. In comparison to the other companies in the Media industry and the overall market, NEWS CORP's return on equity significantly exceeds that of the industry average and is above that of the S&P 500.
- Powered by its strong earnings growth of 221.05% and other important driving factors, this stock has surged by 46.52% over the past year, outperforming the rise in the S&P 500 Index during the same period. Regarding the stock's future course, although almost any stock can fall in a broad market decline, NWSA should continue to move higher despite the fact that it has already enjoyed a very nice gain in the past year.
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Search results for : | widgets kiedis |
RHCP Serbia, Forum, Croatia, Serbia, BIH
RHCP Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, rhcpserbia, anthony kiedis, Californication, Stadium Arcadium, rhcp slike, john frusciante cro, rhcp cro forum, rhcpserbia, Red Hot Chili Peppers Forum,
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Topics linked your research : | widgets kiedis |
Anthony Kiedis - a part of militant anti-whaling group
The Hollywood A-list behind militant anti-whaling group SYDNEY A militant animal rights group locked in a bitter high seas battle with Japanese whalers have the support and funding of a Hollywood A-list including Sean Penn and French screen siren
Vukajlija - anthony-kiedis
http://vukajlija.com/anthony-kiedis :loudlaff:
Anthony Kiedis nova slika 3. Jul
Anthony Kiedis at UFC 116 at the Grand Garden Arena on July 3, 2010, in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Anthony Kiedis An interview without Words
An interview in which Anthony Kiedis says nothing and reveals everything using nothing more than expression in the ten photos displayed below! Süddeutsche Zeitung asks him about tattoos, vegetarianism, giving his son ice cream and his totally sincere
Anthony Kiedis - slike
Sesirce! Hehe ova mi se jako svidja. Predivna! I kao i uvek ne moze Anthony slike a bez carape :bounce: Eto tu postujete zanimljive Anthony slike koje imate :o
Anthony Kiedis at Villa Party in St. Barts on December 30th 2011
Anthony Kiedis at a Villa Party on St. Barts Island on December 30th, 2011. The Red Hot Chili Peppers performed at Roman Abramovichs New Years Eve Party the following day.
Interview with Anthony Kiedis & Flea. Interview Magazine Oct 14th
Anthony Kiedis and Flea chat to Interview Magazine while in Tokyo, Japan for the Summer Sonic Festival back in August, 2011. The Interview was later published on October 14th, 2011. Red Hot Chili Peppers Talking turbulence, longevity, and tube socks


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The 7-month old baby with a rare genetic condition, Toledo News Now told you about last week, has passed away.
Abram Brown of Delta was given 6 months to a year to live when he was born November 8th, 2012.
He was diagnosed with a rare genetic disorder, Galactosialidosis, that kept him from metabolizing proteins.
The family had a benefit for Abram yesterday.
Copyright 2013 Toledo News Now. All rights reserved.
Explore ToledoNewsNow.com All content © Copyright 2000 - 2014 WorldNow and Toledo News Now, a Raycom Media Station. All Rights Reserved. For more information on this site, please read our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. |


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Meow by Katy Perry. The Greatest Gift of All.
Tags: katy perry Emily Heller Janine Brito sf san francisco christmas life bay area punchline Favorite Things of Last Night
At the end of most of my sets; I perform my signature TT dance in praise of my curves, representing for the big girls; our beauty, relevance, glamor, and style.
Queenie can get down. This made me smile a lot.
Tags: Queenie TT comedian comedy sf stand-up dance Katy Perry
Bay-Area, CA based comedy blog from Bay-Area, CA based comedian blogger. News, event reviews, room reviews, journals, highlights, videos, links, and anything else from the San Francisco/Bay-Area comedy community.
If you have any shows happening in the Bay-Area or photos or anything comedy related shoot it over to firstname.lastname@example.com


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An adult 21 years or over must be present to sign for delivery of alcoholic beverages. Order tracking numbers will be emailed to you upon shipment, so you'll know when to expect delivery. We offer the following options for your convenience:
Ground: Delivery generally between 1 and 7 business days once the package leaves our warehouse.
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The Pinot Gris has intense aromas of a tropical nature (lychee, kiwi, passionfruit), with hints of melon. On the palate the wine shows richness, intense sweet fruit and that special mineral quality. The wine pairs beautifully with shellfish, crab, lobster, spicy fare and lighter dishes.
Elk Cove Vineyards is one of Oregon's oldest and most respected wine producers. Founded in 1974 by Pat and Joe Campbell, their focus has always been to produce handcrafted, estate-grown wines that can rival the best in the world. Estate vineyards now cover over 250 acres on five separate sites in the Northern Willamette Valley. Steep south-facing slopes of Willakenzie,...Read More About Elk Cove
(will-AAM-it) Named for the river that runs through the valley from Portland to Eugene, Willamette Valley is home to some of the best Pinot Noir vineyards in the Northwest. While along the same north/south line as Seattle, the Willamette Valley is protected from Pacific rains by the Coast Range on the western border and the Cascade Ranges to the east. Though sunshine is...Read More About Willamette Valley
Pinot Gris/Grigio(PEE-noh gree/GREE-jee-oh) While Pinot Grigio is in fact the same grape as Pinot Gris (just the Italian take on it), the differences of wine they create can be immense. Pinot Gris' most popular and successful region is Alsace, France, an area of the country that actually puts the name of the grape on the label. Pinot Grigio is the Italian version of the grape,...Read More About Pinot Gris/Grigio
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Brief Summary
Range Description
Geographic Range
The maned wolf is distributed from the mouth of the Parnaiba River in northeastern Brazil west to the Pampas del Heath in Peru and South through the Chaco of Paraguay to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Its former range included parts of Uruguay and Argentina.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Physical Description
Physical Description
Chrysocyon brachyurus is a stunning animal. The largest of all South American canids, it stands almost one meter tall at the shoulder and has a long, golden-red coat. Head and body length ranges from 1245 to 1320mm and tail length from 280 to 405mm. The long thin legs, which may serve to help the maned wolf to see above tall grass, grade from red to black at their lower portions. The anterior part of the erectile mane of long hairs is black as well. The body is narrow and the ears large and erect. The dentition of the maned wolf reflects its food habits. As this animal does not kill or eat large prey, its upper carnassials (shearing teeth) are reduced, its upper incisors weak, and its canines are long and slender.
Range mass: 20 to 23 kg.
Habitat and Ecology
Omnivorous, consuming principally fruits and small- to medium-sized vertebrates. Numerous authors (Dietz 1984; Carvalho and Vasconcellos 1995; Motta-Júnior et al. 1996; Azevedo and Gastal 1997; Motta-Júnior 1997; Rodrigues et al. 1998; Jácomo 1999; Santos 1999; Silveira 1999; Juarez and Marinho 2002; F. Rodrigues unpubl.) have investigated the diet of the Maned Wolf. These studies have all found a wide variety of plant and animal material in the diet, with about 50% of the diet comprising plant material and 50% animal matter. The fruit Solanum lycocarpum grows throughout much of the range and is a primary food source; other important items include small mammals (Caviidae, Muridae, Echimydae) and armadillos, other fruits (Annonaceae, Myrtaceae, Palmae, Bromeliaceae and others), birds (Tinamidae, Emberizidae and others), reptiles and arthropods. Although the frequency of plant and animal items found in faecal samples is approximately equal, the biomass of animal items is usually greater than that of plant items (Motta-Júnior et al. 1996; Santos 1999; F. Rodrigues unpubl.). Certain items, such as rodents and Solanum, are consumed year round, but the diet varies with food availability. At least occasionally, pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) are also consumed (Bestelmeyer and Westbrook 1998). In Jácomo's (1999) study, deer appeared in 2.4% of 1,673 samples analysed.
- Terrestrial
Chrysocyon brachyurus is found in grassland, savanna, dry shrub forest, swampy areas, forest-edge habitat, and river areas.
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; scrub forest
Trophic Strategy
Food Habits
The maned wolf is omnivorous. It eats armadillos, rabbits, rodents and other small mammals, fish, birds, bird eggs, reptiles, gastropods and other terrestrial mollusks, insects, seasonably available fruits, and other vegetation. Fruits taken include bananas, guavas, and primarily the tomato-like Solanum lycocarpum. (S. lycocarpum may provide medicinal aid against Dioctophyme renale, a worm that infects the kidneys of the maned wolf). Vegetation eaten is often in the form of roots and bulbs. Vertebrate prey do not often include large domestic stock, but an occasional newborn lamb or pig is taken by Chrysocyon. The maned wolf, much to the dislike of poultry farmers, frequently feeds upon free-ranging chickens. It stalks and pounces in a fox-like manner upon its animal prey.
Animal Foods: birds; mammals; reptiles; fish; eggs; insects; mollusks
Plant Foods: roots and tubers; fruit
Primary Diet: omnivore
Life History and Behavior
Life Expectancy
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 13.0 years.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 15.0 years.
Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
Maned wolves are monogamous, though males and females tend to live independently except during the breeding season.
Mating System: monogamous
Little is known about the reproductive patterns of wild maned wolves. Females are monoestrous. Breeding season is probably controlled by photoperiod; captives copulate between October and February in the Northern Hemisphere and between August and October in South America. The estrous lasts for a period of one to four days. Gestation in captivity is similar to that of other canids and lasts approximately 65 days. A litter usually contains one to five young. A record number of seven has been observed. Young are born weighing 340 to 430 grams and develop quickly. Their eyes and ears open by day nine, their ears stand upright and they will take regurgitated food by week four, the pelage changes from black to red by week ten, they are weaned by 15 weeks, and their bodies have the proportions of adults at one year, at which time they reach sexual maturity. Captive individuals have lived 15 years. Non-captive maned wolves give birth in natal nests hidden by thick vegetation. Wild maned wolves are rarely seen with their pups.
Range number of offspring: 1 to 5.
Average number of offspring: 2.47.
Range gestation period: 56 to 66 days.
Range weaning age: 120 to 210 days.
Average birth mass: 368 g.
Average number of offspring: 3.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female: 730 days.
Parental Investment: altricial
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Chrysocyon brachyurus
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Year Assessed
- 2004Near Threatened
- 1996Lower Risk/near threatened(Baillie and Groombridge 1996)
- 1994Vulnerable(Groombridge 1994)
- 1990Vulnerable(IUCN 1990)
- 1988Vulnerable(IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1988)
- 1986Vulnerable(IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1986)
- 1982Vulnerable(Thornback and Jenkins 1982)
Status: Endangered
Date Listed: 12/02/1970
Lead Region: Foreign (Region 10)
Where Listed: Entire
Population detail:
Population location: Entire
Listing status: E
For most current information and documents related to the conservation status and management of Chrysocyon brachyurus , see its USFWS Species Profile
Chrysocyon brachyurus is listed as CITES Appendix II, U.S. ESA-Endangered, and IUCN-Vulnerable. Habitat destruction (including the annual burning of its grasslands), persecution by angry poultry farmers, hunting for sport, and live capture are factors that threaten the maned wolf. This animal disapeared from Uruguay in the 19th Century. Its former range also included parts of Argentina south of the La Plata River.
CITES: appendix ii
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened
With their primarily solitary habits and large home ranges, Maned Wolves are found in low densities throughout the range.
Population Trend
There is no commercial use. Indications are that the use of Maned Wolf parts for medicinal purposes does not involve any sort of large-scale commercial transactions and is confined to native folk medicine.
Conservation Actions
The species occurs in many protected areas in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and, possibly, Peru.
Assessors are not aware of any conservation actions specific to the Maned Wolf. However, they are the beneficiaries of broader attempts to protect the cerrado (for example, recent actions to reduce the impact of road kills in Brasilia).
Occurrence in captivity
As of 31 December 1999, 144 institutions reported a total of 412 maned wolves in captivity, including 203 males and 209 females.
Gaps in knowledge
Population surveys throughout the species' range are needed. The impact of human encroachment on suitable habitat is not clearly understood, and the suitability of agricultural land as maned wolf habitat needs to be investigated. The impact of disease processes on wild populations is not well understood.
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
As mentioned above, the maned wolf takes domestic poultry and the occasional lamb or newborn pig.
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
The maned wolf eats crop pests such as rabbits and small rodents.
Maned wolf
The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest canid of South America, resembling a large fox with reddish fur.
This mammal is found in open and semi-open habitats, especially grasslands with scattered bushes and trees, in south, central-west and south-eastern Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás, São Paulo, Federal District and recently Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, northern Argentina, Bolivia east and north of the Andes,[4] and far south-eastern Peru (Pampas del Heath only).[5] It is very rare in Uruguay, being possibly extirpated.[2] IUCN lists it as near threatened,[2] while it is considered vulnerable by the Brazilian government (IBAMA). It is the only species in the genus Chrysocyon. It is locally known as aguará guazú (meaning "large fox" in the Guarani language), or "kalak" by the Toba, lobo de crin, lobo de los esteros or lobo colorado, and as lobo-guará in Brazil. It is also called borochi in Bolivia.
The maned wolf bears minor similarities to the red fox, though it should be noted that it belongs to a completely different genus. The adult animal stands 67 to 107 cm (26 to 42 in) tall at the shoulder, averages 125 cm (49 in) in head-and-body length and weighs 20 to 34.09 kg (44.1 to 75.2 lb).[6][7][8] The maned wolf is the tallest of the wild canids. The long legs are probably an adaptation to the tall grasslands of its native habitat.[9] The tail measures 28 to 45 cm (11 to 18 in) in length.[10] Fur of the maned wolf may be reddish brown to golden orange on the sides with long, black legs and a distinctive black mane. The coat is further marked with a whitish tuft at the tip of the tail and a white "bib" beneath the throat. The mane is erectile, and is typically used to enlarge the wolf's profile when threatened or when displaying aggression.
The maned wolf is also known for its distinctive odor, which has earned it the nickname "skunk wolf."
Hunting and territoriality[edit]
Unlike other large canids (such as the gray wolf, the African hunting dog, or the dhole) the maned wolf does not form packs.[6] It hunts alone, usually between sundown and midnight. It kills its prey by biting on the neck or back, and shaking it violently if necessary.[11] Monogamous pairs may defend a shared territory of about 30 km2 (12 sq mi), though the individuals themselves may seldom meet, outside of mating. The territory is crisscrossed by paths that the maned wolf create as they patrol at night. Several adults may congregate in the presence of a plentiful food source; a fire-cleared patch of grassland, for example, which would leave small vertebrate prey exposed while foraging.
Both male and female maned wolves use their urine to communicate, e.g. to mark their hunting paths, or the places where they have buried hunted prey.[11] The urine has a very distinctive smell, which some people liken to hops or cannabis. The responsible substance is very likely a pyrazine, which occurs in both plants.[12] (At the Rotterdam Zoo, this smell once set the police on a hunt for cannabis smokers.[12] [13]) The maned wolf's preferred habitat include grasslands, scrub prairies, and forests.
The mating season ranges from November to April. Gestation lasts 60 to 65 days, and a litter may have from 2 to 6 black-furred pups, each weighing about 450 g (16 oz). These pups are fully grown in about one year. During that year, the pups are known to rely on their parents for food.[11]
The maned wolf specializes in small and medium-sized prey, including small mammals (typically rodents and rabbits), birds, and even fish.[14][11] A large fraction of its diet (over 50%, according to some studies) is vegetable matter, including sugarcane, tubers, and fruit (especially the wolf apple, Solanum lycocarpum, a tomato-like fruit).[15] Captive maned wolves were traditionally fed meat-heavy diets and developed bladder stones. Zoo diets now feature fruits and vegetables, as well as meat and dog chow.
Relations with other species[edit]
The maned wolf participates in symbiotic relationships with the plants that it feeds on, as it carries the seeds of various plants, and often defecates on the nests of leafcutter ants. The ants then use the dung to fertilize their fungus gardens, and later discard the seeds onto refuse piles just outside their nest. This process significantly increases the germination rate of the seeds.[16] The maned wolf is particularly susceptible to infection by the giant kidney worm, a potentially fatal parasite that may also infect domestic dogs. The maned wolf is not a common prey species for any other predator, though it may be attacked or killed by feral domestic dogs.
Relations with humans[edit]
The maned wolf is said to be a potential chicken thief; it was once also considered a threat to cattle and sheep, though this is now known to be false. In Brazil, the animal was historically hunted down for some body parts, notably the eyes, that were believed to be good luck charms. Since its classification as a Vulnerable species by the Brazilian government, it has received greater consideration and protection from most people. They are also threatened by habitat loss and being run over by cars. Feral and domestic dogs attack them and pass on diseases to them. The maned wolf is generally shy and flees when alarmed, so it poses little direct threat to humans. It occurs in several protected areas, including the national parks of Caraça and Emas in Brazil. The maned wolf is well represented in captivity, and has been bred successfully at a number of zoos, particularly in Argentina.
Although the maned wolf displays many fox-like characteristics, it is not closely related to foxes and lacks the elliptical pupils found in foxes. The maned wolf's evolutionary relationship to the other members of the canid family makes it a unique animal. Electrophoretic studies did not link Chrysocyon with any of the other canids studied. One conclusion of this study is that the maned wolf is the only survivor of the late Pleistocene extinction of the large South American canids. Fossils of the maned wolf from the Holocene and the late Pleistocene have been excavated from the Brazilian Highlands. [1]
A study, published in 2003,[17] on the brain anatomy of several canids, placed the maned wolf together with the Falkland Islands wolf, and with pseudo-foxes of the genus Pseudalopex. One study based on DNA evidence, published in 2009, showed that the extinct genus Dusicyon, the Falkland Islands wolf and its mainland relative, was the most closely related species to the maned wolf in historical times, and shared a common ancestor with it about 7 million years ago.[18]
The maned wolf is not closely related to any other living canid. It is not a fox, wolf, coyote, dog, or jackal, but a distinct canid, although previously it had been placed in Canis and Vulpes genera based on morphological similarities.[3] Its closest living relative is the bush dog (genus Speothos), with a more distant relationship to other South American canines (the short-eared dog, the crab-eating fox and the 'false foxes' or Pseudalopex).[19]
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- ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b c Rodden, M., Rodrigues , F. & Bestelmeyer, S. (2008). Chrysocyon brachyurus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 22 March 2009. Database entry includes justification for why this species is near threatened.
- ^ a b Osgood, Wilfred H. (1919). "Names of Some South American Mammals". Journal of Mammalogy 1 (1): 35. doi:10.2307/1373718. JSTOR 1373718.
- ^ Langguth, A. (1975). "Ecology and evolution in the South American canids". In M. W. Fox, ed. The wild canids: their systematics, behavioral ecology and evolution. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. pp. 192–206. ISBN 0442224303.
- ^ Sillero-Zubiri, Hoffmann, & Macdonald (eds). 2004.Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs – 2004 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group.
- ^ a b Dietz, J. M. (1984). "Ecology and social organization of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 392 (392): 1–51. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.392.
- ^ Maned wolf. Houston Zoo
- ^ Boitani, Luigi, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), ISBN 978-0-671-42805-1
- ^ Dietz, James (1984). Macdonald, D., ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. p. 31. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
- ^ Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. DK Adult (2005), ISBN 0789477645
- ^ a b c d Cristian Frers. "Un lobo de crin llamado Aguará Guazú". Retrieved 2007-04-23.
- ^ a b Brian Switek (2011-03-10). "Maned Wolf Pee Demystified". Wired. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
- ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung, 2006-09-02, p3
- ^ Juarez, Keila Macfadem; Jader Marinho-Filho (November 2002). "Diet, habitat use, and home ranges of sympatric canids in central Brazil". Journal of Mammalogy 83 (4): 925–934. doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0925:DHUAHR>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Motta-Junior, J. C., S. A. Talamon, J. A. Lombardi, AND K. Simokomaki (1996). "Diet of maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, in central Brazil". Journal of Zoology (London) 240 (2): 277–284. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05284.x.
- ^ Courtenay, O. (1994). "Conservation of the Maned Wolf: fruitful relationships in a changing environment". Canid News 2.
- ^ Lyras, G.A., Van der Geer, A.A.E. 2003. External brain anatomy of the Canidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 138: 505–522. London. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00067.x
- ^ Scientists solve the 320-year-old mystery of how the Falklands wolf ended up on the island: It skated across a frozen sea chasing a penguin
- ^ Kerstin, Lindblad-Toh; Claire M Wade, Tarjei S. Mikkelsen, Elinor K. Karlsson, David B. Jaffe, Michael Kamal, Michele Clamp, Jean L. Chang, Edward J. Kulbokas III, Michael C. Zody, Evan Mauceli, Xiaohui Xie, Matthew Breen, Robert K. Wayne, Elaine A. Ostrander, Chris P. Ponting, Francis Galibert, Douglas R. Smith, Pieter J. deJong, Ewen Kirkness, Pablo Alvarez, Tara Biagi, William Brockman, Jonathan Butler, Chee-Wye Chin, April Cook, James Cuff, Mark J. Daly, David DeCaprio, Sante Gnerre, Manfred Grabherr, Manolis Kellis, Michael Kleber, Carolyne Bardeleben, Leo Goodstadt, Andreas Heger, Christophe Hitte, Lisa Kim, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Heidi G. Parker, John P. Pollinger, Stephen M. J. Searle, Nathan B. Sutter, Rachael Thomas, Caleb Webber (2005-12-08). "Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog". Nature 438 (7069): 803–819. doi:10.1038/nature04338. PMID 16341006.
- ^ Lindblad-Toh et al. (2005). "Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog". Nature 438 (7069): 803–819. doi:10.1038/nature04338. PMID 16341006.


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text:
This looks like something they know it is going to happen and so they're trying to secure as much (enemy's) ammunition as they can. Somebody who follows their other moves may know more which would fit this new domains related activity.
It's like when you're going into the war, being aware of the fact you're the one causing it, knowing you're going after resources which mean money. Before you jump into it, you prepare well from all perspectives you could think of.
Today's capitalism is about capitalizing on the work of others. Not much different then feudalism. It just has some strong gloves on its hands.
Most of the companies (read owners) would be the happiest if they would have people work for free. Oh, is that called slavery?
No, I'm not union guy, I believe that many unions today are just another type of corp being there for somebody's profit.
Just like some non-profit organizations being there to collect money for researches that they don't want to find the cure - ever.
All this has gone just too far. Or I'm mistaking as it has always been like this, for thousands of years.
Technically, I agree with folks that said this company will not achieve much or anything with this.


text:
Americas' Team Fan
Americas' Team Fan's Comments
Posted Monday September 24, 2012, About: Darker days ahead for Saints
You are very pessimistic. Dd the world champions kill us? Lets wait and see. Stop reading the Dallas media. They are trying to get a job in NY or ESPN. So they try to make Dallas fans miserable.
Posted Saturday October 30, 2010, About: Would these guys coach the Cowboys?
After the prostutute in 96 said Irvin raped her the Dallas media ran with it like the police had a video with him doing it? Turns out there was zero evidence he raped her? Nothing? No dna of evidence she was raped? It was all over tv and the papers around new years eve and the only thing the media had was she said he raped her? Only Cowboys fans have to put up with media bias crap. It was the week before the playoff game which they barely lost. Media got what the wanted? They attacked him personally all week. I don't care what anyone says too. The media hates everything about the Cowboys down there. All negativity.
Posted Saturday October 30, 2010, About: Would these guys coach the Cowboys?
Can't believe the way you fans blast our owner. He brought in Johnson and won three championships for us? Jones would be god in Philly.
Posted Saturday October 30, 2010, About: Would these guys coach the Cowboys?
lol get rid of a three time pro bowler whose thrown for over 4,000 yards twice in two full seasons uninjured? In 08 Romo missed three games and would've easily had 4,000 yards passing every full season as a starter? This year he was on pace for 5,000 yards after five games?
Posted Wednesday October 27, 2010, About: Isiah hires may cost Knicks a draft pick
Why are the Knicks revered as an NBA power? They are under .500 in their history and haven't won a championship since 1971? lol
Posted Saturday October 23, 2010, About: Don't ask Lesnar about his personal life
UFC is good remedy for insomnia.
Posted Saturday October 23, 2010, About: Former Cowboys QB arrested again
These athletes are so blessed to be playing professional sports. So he failed as an NFL player, hes still became a millionaire if he handled his money right. He played several years? Me might be another guy who grew up on the streets and violence is all he knows to handle anger.
Posted Friday October 22, 2010, About: Ex-Cowboy critical of Phillips
Here as well as any where else the Dallas Cowboys are the magnet to viewers and bloggers. Americas Team baby!!! lol Even at 1-4? Just a famous franchise even when losing.
Posted Friday October 15, 2010, About: Favre's status now iffy
Count I saw that video! Call that vide on Favre "Shorts on the Ground!"? or "Favre Does Have Nuts!?" lol
Posted Friday October 15, 2010, About: Favre's status now iffy
Favre will pull out the last plays out of his rearend and play like hes 24 Sunday. Then he'll start playing bad again. Same with Moss who hasnt had a 100 yard game in 12 contest. Its just one of those years for the Cowboys. Aren't playing well but cant catch a break either. Four deflected ints in three losses? lol
Posted Wednesday October 13, 2010, About: Cowboys moving toward a No. 1 back?
Why? Wade went 13-3 with the same team Bill was just 24-25 with Dallas his last three years before Wade took over? Parcells hasnt done anything in the last 20 years, give it a rest.
Posted Monday October 04, 2010, About: Garcia downplays return to Eagles
I'll take Garcia over Kitna. Hes a stiff. If we lose Romo, time to start reading about next years draftees.
Posted Wednesday July 07, 2010, About: Poll: America's Team is...
Romo is a clown with 105 touchdowns in 55 starts? Stop being in denial.
Posted Wednesday July 07, 2010, About: Poll: America's Team is...
Dallas is the most popular team in The Big Easy. I have heard Saint fans admit it too.
Posted Wednesday July 07, 2010, About: Poll: America's Team is...
Dallas farts on the NFL once again! lol
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text:
Efficacy of Salivary Bacteria and Post Brushing
This study has been completed.
Colgate Palmolive
Information provided by:
Colgate Palmolive
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: September 26, 2008
Last updated: June 10, 2011
Last verified: June 2011
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Research study to compare the effects of brushing with two commercially available toothpastes on salivary bacteria after brushing
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
Salivary Bacteria Levels |
Drug: Fluoride Drug: Triclosan/Fluoride |
Phase 3 |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment Masking: Single Blind (Subject) Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | Efficacy of Salivary Bacteria and Post Brushing |
Resource links provided by NLM:
Further study details as provided by Colgate Palmolive:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- CFU (Colony Forming Units) [ Time Frame: 4 hours ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Total number of salivary bacterial colony forming units (lower number = less colonies present)
Enrollment: | 22 |
Study Start Date: | October 2007 |
Study Completion Date: | December 2007 |
Primary Completion Date: | December 2007 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Arms | Assigned Interventions |
Placebo Comparator: A
fluoride toothpaste control
Drug: Fluoride
Whole mouth brushing for 7 days
Other Name: fluoride toothpaste (Colgate Great Regular Flavor toothpaste)
Active Comparator: B
triclosan/fluoride toothpaste
Drug: Triclosan/Fluoride
Brush whole mouth twice daily for 7 days
Other Name: triclosan/fluoride toothpaste (Colgate Total toothpaste)
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 65 Years |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male or female volunteers 18-65 years of age
- Good general health
- Must sign informed consent form
- Must discontinue oral hygiene on the mornings of each appointment and between sampling periods.
- No history of allergy to personal care consumer products, or their ingredients, relevant to any ingredient in the test products as determined by the dental/medical professional monitoring the study.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Medical condition which requires pre-medication prior to dental procedures/visits
- Medical condition which precludes eating/drinking for 12 hrs.
- History of allergy to common dentifrice ingredients
- Subjects unable or unwilling to sign the informed consent form.
- Moderate or advanced periodontal disease.
- 2 or more decayed untreated dental sites at screening.
- Other disease of the hard or soft oral tissues.
- Impaired salivary function (e.g. Sjogren's syndrome or head and neck irradiation).
- Use of medications that can currently affect salivary flow
- Current use of antibiotics
- Use of antibiotics or antimicrobial drugs within 30 days prior to study visit #1.
- Pregnant or nursing women.
- Participation in any other clinical study within 30 days prior to enrollment into this study.
- Use of tobacco products
- Subjects who must receive dental treatment during the study dates.
- Current use of Antibiotics for any purpose.
- Immune compromised individuals (HIV,AIDS, immuno suppressive drug therapy)
Contacts and Locations
More Information
No publications provided
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 11, 2014
No publications provided
Responsible Party: | William DeVizio/VP - Clinical Research, Colgate Palmolive |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00981825 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | ER0-2007-SAL-01-GX |
Study First Received: | September 26, 2008 |
Results First Received: | September 26, 2008 |
Last Updated: | June 10, 2011 |
Health Authority: | United States: Food and Drug Administration |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Fluorides Triclosan Cariostatic Agents Protective Agents Physiological Effects of Drugs Pharmacologic Actions Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibitors |
Hypolipidemic Agents Antimetabolites Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Anti-Infective Agents, Local Anti-Infective Agents Therapeutic Uses Lipid Regulating Agents |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 11, 2014


text:
Election 2012: GOP hopefuls vie for Illinois primary win
Updated: March 20, 2012 - 12:44 pm
Presidential hopefuls are vying for votes Tuesday in Illinois as the residents in the prairie state get their chance to weigh in on the race for the White House.
Leading in the polls, Mitt Romney is looking to walk away with another win, while the other top contender Rick Santorum is also hoping to land in the top spot. With 54 delegates up for grabs—it's been back and forth battle between the two over the past 24 hours.
"We are not going to be successful in replacing an economic lightweight with another economic lightweight," Romney said at a campaign event.
"I heard Governor Romney here called me an economic lightweight because I wasn't a Wall Street financier like he was," Romney said.
According to a new poll, whoever gets the nomination may have a tough time against President Obama in the swing state of Virginia in the general election. The new Quinnipiac poll shows Obama leads Romney 50 to 42 percent—the president edges out Santorum 49 to 40 percent and he's got at least a ten percent lead on the other two candidates.
Newt Gingrich is hoping to get better numbers in Louisiana Saturday. Tuesday morning, while speaking about energy, Gingrich compared himself to the president.
"I want jobs in Louisiana he wants jobs, I want royalties to go to Louisiana he wants to go to Saudi government," Gingrich said, referring to the president.
Later this week, one of the candidates will be in our area. Mitt Romney is expected to campaign in Maryland with former Governor Bob Ehrlich.
Maryland's primary is scheduled for April 3rd.
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Reviewed on 4/10 By Dr. Freeman
Andrew Freeman, MD Dept. of Medicine
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Moderate altitude is defined as 1500-2500 m (4950-8250 ft)
High altitude is defined as >2500 m (8250 ft)
*Always check with your doctor before any travel to altitude*
As more people travel to higher altitudes for recreation and adventure, high altitude and lower oxygen availability need to be considered. For most people this causes few problems, but for those with lung or heart disease, altitude can have a negative affect on health. Acute exposure to high altitude can affect the cardiovascular system by decreasing oxygen in the blood (acute hypoxia). It also increases demand on the heart, adrenaline release and pulmonary artery pressures.
Significant changes in atmospheric pressure, oxygen pressure, humidity and temperature typically begin at about 2500 m (8200 ft). How this affects patients depends on many factors, including existing conditions (such as a PFO, which is a hole between the two chambers of the heart), duration of acclimatization, exercise intensity, age and, of course, the genes you were born with.
Acclimation is the process of adapting to changes in a person's environment. With altitude, that means ascending slowly, giving the body time to adjust. High-altitude pulmonary edema affects unacclimated people with a genetic predisposition, usually within 3-4 days of arriving at altitude. This causes fluid to build up in the lungs and makes it difficult to breathe.
Slow ascent serves as a preventive measure. (For ascent greater than 3050m [10,000 ft], ascent should be 305m [1000 ft] daily with a rest every 1000m [3300 ft].) If pulmonary edema is suspected, immediate descent and supplemental oxygen is the treatment of choice. Medication can also be used to both prevent and treat high altitude pulmonary edema.
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SanDisk, Samsung renew flash memory pacts
In the midst of a tight market for flash memory, SanDisk and Samsung Electronics have renewed two key agreements that both companies expect will strengthen their positions.
In the first of the two deals, SanDisk and Samsung announced on Wednesday an agreement to renew the cross-licensing of certain semiconductor patents. The agreement means that each company has the right to use each other's patents in producing cell flash memory and flash storage systems, such as solid-state drives. It does not include patents related to 3-D memory, a new technology that could eventually replace traditional flash memory in portable devices. … Read more


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View the schedule of classes to determine course offerings by semester.
Teaches students how to read, understand and appreciate fiction, drama and poetry. Exploration of three major literary genres through close reading of selected works, with attention to the contexts that have shaped them. Understanding and applying literary terms and concepts to written analysis of literary works. [ENGL]
Readings in the literature of self-discovery, initiation and the quest for identity. Contemporary racial, religious, sexual, sociocultural and class experiences are examined with a look back to their roots in tradition. [ENGL]
Intensive exploration of topics in literature or language. The topic for study appears in the class schedule. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes. [ENGL]
An intensive study of varieties of great literature organized thematically and in terms of ideas connected with periods of important historical or philosophical change. Stressed at present is the age of classical antiquity. Recommended for all students interested in a humanistic and cultural approach to literature and ideas.
An intensive study of some of the great writing from non-Western literatures. This study may range from the Middle to Far East, from the Orient to Africa. May be repeated for credit when the topic changes.
An investigation of the various forms a short story may take and the kinds of effects writers have tried to produce. Particular attention is given to authors of the 20th century.
A reading and discussion of 20th-century poetry. Emphasis is given to major works of those poets thought best to define the modern and its diversity of poetic response.
A study of the development of English fiction. The course moves from the 18th century to the early 20th century with analogues from present and past.
An examination of the break with the past in 20th-century English fiction. Studies in new developments and techniques in thought, structure and style.
Readings in major European fiction focusing on the nature of realism and subjectivity in writers from the beginnings to the 20th century.
An investigation of trends and individual writers of today with respect to their immediacy and possible universality. Varied emphasis on the many different forms of current poetry, drama and prose.
Explorations of classic and contemporary literature for children from an international and multicultural perspective. Emphasis on the art of storytelling through words and images, criteria for evaluating children's literature and techniques for classroom presentation. Attention to children's literature as an expression of its time.
A study of literature written for adolescents or young adults. Examines differences between adolescent and adult literature, criteria for evaluating it, guidelines used by writers and ways in which teachers incorporate it into the curriculum.
A study of famous and infamous adaptations of literary classics, ancient and modern. The problems involved in adapting one medium of communication to another. Laboratory fee required.
Analysis of the patterns and conventions of a specific type of media program (e.g., Western, science fiction, situation comedy), media artist (e.g., Hitchcock, Allen, Capra) or style (e.g., film noir). May be repeated for credit when the topic changes. Laboratory fee required.
Creative reading: the transformation of the writer's word through the reade's voice in expository, poetic, narrative and dramatic forms. A progression from reading to analysis to interpretation to presentation. Laboratory fee required.
A study of plays from major periods of world drama, with a view to showing the shaping of the literary movements, forms and techniques of the modern theater.
The drama of the 20th century, with emphasis on contemporary movements and innovations.
A critical and historical study of representative American authors and movements—Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism—with emphasis on the literary renaissance of the 19th century.
A study of three major American authors whose work explores the romantic figure of the voyager and of the voyage itself, both physical and metaphysical. Emphasis is placed on these authors' use of allegory and symbolism and their affirmation and criticism of certain American ideals and dreams.
A critical and historical study of the ideas, structure and themes of major American novels and short stories, with emphasis on works of the first half of the 20th century.
The continuing cycle of faith and doubt in the brave new world of America, with particular attention to the writers of America's maturity.
A study of postcolonial literature in the Americas, other than the United States, with an emphasis on tensions between the European cultural tradition and that of the indigenous or nonwhite populations of the Americas. May be repeated for credit when the topic changes.
A study of problems of individual identity and social roles: racial, ethnic and sexual. The voices of writers and poets that reflect two worlds, yet are urgently their own.
An introduction to classical mythology as well as other ancient literatures and mythographies along with their later adapters and interpreters. [ENGL]
A varying look at the faces and reflections of love in literature, art and myth. Readings in selected classical and modern works invite students to compare and contrast modern and traditional ideas about love.
Examines the relationship between law and literature through close readings of literature dealing with the law, along with close readings of legal texts from a literary perspective. Students read primary course materials with special attention to historical, social and cultural contexts that have shaped them. Along the way, students look at ways that writers employ various techniques and devices to evoke both clarity and ambiguity for different audiences and different purposes.
Explorations and discoveries of distinctive literary worlds from Scotland Yard to outer space. Specific emphasis may vary. May be repeated for credit when the topic changes.
A close examination of the work of J.R.R. Tolkien in fiction and criticism, with emphasis on The Lord of the Rings. Also considers some of Tolkien's sources and inspiration from fairy tale, legend and myth.
The hero and the quest as archetypes, and an introduction to the mythic quest in early English literature from Beowulf to the Arthurian romance. Modern works are read against the background of the heroic tradition.
An examination of Medieval and Renaissance concepts of love and the journey as they are reflected in the major works of these three writers.
A thematic approach to Shakespeare's development and variety, revolving around one work such as Hamlet, and dealing with Renaissance attitudes toward power, freedom and the individual. Shakespeare's plays are viewed against the background of the Elizabethan period.
A thematic approach to Shakespeare's development and variety, centering on one play such as Othello, and dealing with Renaissance attitudes toward love and myth. Shakespeare's plays are viewed against the background of his age.
A study in development and contrast: concepts of order and revolt, of vision and revision, in the major works of the three poets. Emphasis among the three may vary from year to year.
An examination of sexual roles and politics in literature from the Victorian age to the present. Consideration is given to the relationship between gender and genre.
Women's writing and writing about women in the context of specific times and/or places. Emphasis on the literature, legends and other means (e.g., letters, journals, biographies) by which women's voices can be heard. May be repeated for credit when the topic changes.
Classic, Romantic, Modern—these women brought their unique visions to life within the context of larger literary movements but created rooms of their own within which to write and live.
A consideration of narratives in the information age, historical developments through which changes in linguistic practice manifest themselves, and information theory. The role of languages in the social construction of reality as well as in the narrower sense of specific agents of change.
A study of the beginnings, principles and designs of language. Competing paradigms of what language is and how it does what it does; how it communicates and conceals meaning; and how it expresses what we feel, think, represent and construe.
A study of narrative, both verbal and visual, as a form of discourse. The course focuses on the nature of narrative, types of narrative and the role of the reader/viewer in the narrative process. In addition to reading and viewing a wide range of narrative texts, from fairy tales to modern fiction, classical myths to television commercials and popular films, students compose their own narratives to gain a deeper understanding of what stories are and why they matter to us.
An exploration of ways in which we make sense of literary works, both for ourselves and for others. Emphasis is placed on the relationships between literary texts and contexts (e.g., formal, inter-textual, historical, cultural), which make reading, as an interpretive act, a vital, rich and complex experience. prerequisite or co-requisite: 3 credits of literature coursework
An investigation of how literature emerges from and is shaped by the cultural and historical circumstances of specific times and places. May be repeated for credit when the topic changes.
A study, through poetry and drama, of the 16th-century English Renaissance. The world that molded Shakespeare and about which Shakespeare wrote.
The 20th-century response to 17th-century literature and a study of the metaphysical idea and poetry that sparked that response.
A study of major 18th-century writers; readings in poetry, prose and drama. The social, cultural and intellectual fabric of the age.
A critical analysis of Romanticism and its meaning. The poetry, and some prose, is set against the background of the neoclassical and is viewed as a continuing literary force and ideal.
Synthesis versus alienation. The Victorian consciousness torn by the emerging turmoil of modern society. Literature as the reflection of an age in transition.
A seminar concentrating on three to five major writers of the early 20th century considered against the critical background of Modernism. May be repeated for credit when the topic changes.
Consideration and completion of a special topic or project in the study of literature or language. Each student works closely with a faculty member who helps to set goals, develop a course plan and guide progress. The project must be carefully planned and have the approval of both the instructor involved and the literature program director.
Directed individual instruction in the writing of a scholarly, critical or research paper. Each student works closely with a faculty director who guides his/her progress. The thesis must be of honors quality and must be finally approved by both the director and a second reader, one of whom is usually the division chair. Course is eligible for a continuing studies grade. prerequisite: 3.5 GPA and/or permission of both the program director and the division chair
An advanced interdisciplinary seminar that focuses on important books and issues and encourages independent thinking, clear presentation and an understanding of the concerns and methods of various disciplines. The course may be team taught; topic and instructor(s) may change from semester to semester. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes. prerequisite: 3.3 GPA and permission of the Denit Honors Program director
Directed individual instruction in an advanced project of the student's choice; the project must be academically related to this discipline. Each student works closely with a faculty director who guides his/her progress. The project must be of honors quality and must be finally approved by both the faculty director and a second faculty member. Course is eligible for a continuing studies grade. prerequisite: 3.3 GPA and permission of both the Denit Honors Program director and the faculty director
Intensive exploration of topics in literature of mutual interest to students and faculty. Content varies according to the concurrent interests of faculty and students. The topic studied appears under that name in the class schedule. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes. prerequisite: none unless listed in the class schedule
A culminating close examination of a major 20th-century work in the light of modern literary traditions. Students relate the work, as a touchstone, to other writings of the past and present. Emphasis on independent thought culminating in a written project, presented before the class. Subject may change from year to year. Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes. prerequisite: senior major status or permission of the program director


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Race to Witch Mountain is rated PG by the MPAA for sequences of action and violence, frightening and dangerous situations, and some thematic elements.
RottenTomatoes: 43%
SYNOPSIS: For years, stories have circulated about a secret place in the middle of the Nevada desert, known for unexplained phenomena and strange sightings. It is called Witch Mountain, and when a Las Vegas cab driver (DWAYNE JOHNSON) finds two teens with supernatural powers in his cab, he suddenly finds himself in the middle of an adventure he can't explain. When they discover that the only chance to save the world lies in unraveling the secrets of Witch Mountain, the race begins, as the government, mobsters and even extraterrestrials try to stop them. RACE TO WITCH MOUNTAIN is a fun and thrilling adventure featuring incredible special effects.
The cast includes Dwayne Johnson, AnnaSophia Robb, Ciaran Hinds, Alexander Ludwig, Carla Gugino and Garry Marshall.
- Watch NowOther "Super Bowl TV Spot"
- Watch NowTeaser Trailer


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Comment: Re:careful what you wish for (Score 1) 419
This just means that booksellers are getting a hidden subsidy from French readers. Sure, you can make anything a success if you have the government enforcing your rent-seeking behaviour. But I wonder if the customers would be happy if it was laid out to them that this policy directly costs them a hidden X euros a year.
Comment: Re:Who pays for the tile servers? (Score 1) 166
Comment: Fedora can do this already (Score 2) 656
This is going to be a feature in Fedora 16 (it already works in earlier versions of Fedora, we're just polishing it). More screenshots.
You can also mount and modify virtual machines securely (including Windows VMs and VHDs), using libguestfs and guestmount.
Comment: Re:Pulse Audio (Score 2, Informative) 460
PulseAudio sucks, but systemd is reasonable stuff. It's like upstart (but done right) combined with inetd.
Unlike what another reply says, systemd does not require changes to daemons.
Comment: Re:...opaque language is the norm. (Score 1) 374
The two times I've bought houses, you bet I read every single word of every document, even the ones I didn't have to sign. Not doing so is just laziness and stupidity when you're making such an enormous purchase.
Comment: Re:Things we've lost (Score 1) 662
Safe fast languages:
SML, OCaml and some of the other functional languages. Usually within a few % of the speed of C, and far safer.
However you're absolutely right in your list, and it's very unfortunate that programmers have forgotten or never even knew about these things.
Comment: On TV ... (Score 2) 108
If you track down The Secret Life of Machines Series 1, The Television Set you can see this sort of set (perhaps even this very set) being demonstrated.
AIUI you wouldn't want to turn this on for very long, or at least not without a fire extinguisher handy. Some of the electronics (capacitors I think?) are made of paper and after all this time have dried out and are prone to catching fire.
Comment: Re:talking about data how safe are the data center (Score 1) 562
My experience is in data centres that I've seen and visited, not in power supplies. Show us a significant data centre that promises to run the whole thing from diesel generators.
Comment: Re:talking about data how safe are the data center (Score 1) 562
From my experience, I've seen data centres that have two supposedly redundant power supplies (usually this just means two paths into the data centre from the same supplier).
It seems unlikely/improbable to me that a data centre could be supplied from local diesel generators. The power consumption is just far too great. So your answer is "not safe at all".
Comment: Re:Wouldn't play (Score 1) 83
Comment: Re:/dev/disk/by-id/ (Score 1) 132
You can change the underlying disks - we do this for virt-v2v.
RAID/md is not used much by virtual machines (it's done on the host instead) so I can't comment on what problem you had.
Comment: Re:/dev/disk/by-id/ (Score 1) 132
Please don't use
You cannot change the underlying disks (eg. to do migration or V2V) without the guest becoming unbootable.
Use filesystem UUIDs instead. These survive all sorts of migrations and conversions intact, and are even useful in the non-virtual case -- eg. if you swap SATA disks around.
Comment: Re:Space-shifting "service" is the issue (Score 5, Informative) 177
Actually had a friend who worked in sales selling one of these services.
The way it works is this:
The company hires a room in Tokyo and fills it top to bottom with (legally purchased) decoder boxes. The output from these is sent over the internet to paying customers in foreign countries -- in the UK in the case of my friend. They get access to these "proxied" services, the idea being that they can watch Japanese TV programs from the UK without needing all the special satellite equipment.
The (stupid) copyright issue is down to regional licensing of TV programs and films, which is why the established broadcasters hate these services and try to portray them as criminal / pirates when of course they are no such thing.
Anyway, hope this explains a bit more what's going on here. I see it's
business as usual for openness and transparency in Japanese politics/law
Comment: Re:A Bit Left Off (Score 1) 275
Possibly a stupid idea, but why don't they make the SRB casing by wrapping layers of some rolled metal instead? You can roll out some metals basically indefinitely, and then you roll these up around the fuel to the thickness required.


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The misadventures of a fast-food restaurant working sponge who lives under the sea.
Spongebob and all your favorite Bikini Bottom friends are ready to race, but who's protecting the Secret Krabby Patty Formula while everyone's away?!
Just when things couldn't get worse, SpongeBob and the gang are visited by an unwelcome guest!
Mr. Krabs will do ANYTHING to keep Squidward from getting him in trouble.
Spongebob and Gary are speeding along, but uh-oh it looks like some of their friends need a little help!
When the Krusty Krab's drive thru takes off, traffic overruns Bikini Bottom.
When the going gets tough, Sandy and SpongeBob get going!
Oh buoy! Season 5 of SpongeBob SquarePants features more smooth sailing through Bikini Bottom.
SpongeBob SquarePants: : -- Nintendo DS, GameCube, GB Advance, PS, PS2
SpongeBob SquarePants -- Home video trailer for this popular animated show
SpongeBob SquarePants -- Trailer for this animated aquatic comedy show
Prepare to be blown back on your tail fins as you immerse yourself in SpongeBob's newfound nautical know-how, listen to Squidward toot his own whistle and join boating school classmates, SpongeBob and Squidward! You're bound to drown in waves of laughter!
When Plankton slips and falls on some water at the Krusty Krab, he sues Mr. Krabs for failing to post a wet floor sign. If Plankton wins the case, he will be awarded everything that Krabs' owns, including the secret recipe.
After being enrolled in a chef exchange program, SpongeBob switches places with a snooty French chef from a high-end restaurant.


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MAC Medical Swipe Card Water Classes Cancelled
MAC Snow Day Camp returns for a second day!
Winter Storm Hours Update - Michigan Athletic Club
Help the MAC set a Boot Camp Record!
7 Days of Fun & Fitness is back!
MAC's Coach Valentine on Current Sports show [VIDEO]
MAC Members Win National Handball Titles
Boy involved in MAC pool incident recovering and making progress
Club Solutions Magazine features MAC Pools
Team Sprinkles claim winter volleyball title
Yoga, 5:30PM & 7PM classes have been cancelled tonight. We apologize for the inconvenience.
@me_lem Someone was feeling motivated today. Take notes #dominated


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- Home
- Anime
- Sumomo mo Momo mo ~ Chijou Saikyou no Yome ~
- Setsujou! Hyakkaryouran - Passionate Love! Profusion of a Hundred Flames
Win $10 in the Anime Wallpapers.Com August 2013 Wallpaper Contest or Origami Sticky Notes! Setsujou! Hyakkaryouran
Kanji information is from the KANJIDIC dictionary database. Animelyrics.com now has an OpenSearch plugin that you can install into your browser (FireFox and IE 7 supported) Affiliates: My Little Pony Ties Lyrics copyright to their respective owners or translators. No copyright infringment is intended or implied. Layout and other content copyright Anime Lyrics dot Com / Anime Globe Productions This is some text here |


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Attaining a post doctoral certificate can expand a nurse's professional practice, increase job opportunities, and meet the requirements to become nationally certified in a selected specialty area. The Geriatric Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Post Doctoral Certificate explores subjects such as palliative care, pain management, common, complex and chronic problems in adult aging.
A Brandman Doctoral Certificate is designed for nurse practitioners who have a PhD or DNP and wish to add a specialty in one of our six nurse practitioner specialty areas. In addition to Geriatric Primary Care the school also offers the following post doctoral certificates:
Students in the Certificate program are required to attend 3 immersion sessions, one before the start of your clinical courses to learn procedures and one at the end of the program.
Students enrolled in a certificate program only are not eligible for financial aid. Courses taken after completion of a degree program in order to complete the certificate are not eligible for financial aid.
Admission Requirements:
Required before attending orientation immersion (by completing CertifiedBackground.com):
NURU 631 | Palliative Care and Pain Management | 3 |
NURU 662 | Management of Common Problems in the Adult and Aging Adult | 3 |
NURU 663 | Practicum in the Care of the Adult and Aging Adult (255 clinical hours with the aging adult) | 3 |
NURU 664 | Complex and Chronic Problems in the Adult and Aging Adult | 3 |
NURU 665 | Practicum for Complex and Chronic Problems in the Adult and Aging Adult (255 clinical hours with the aging adult) | 3 |
Total Credits | 15 |


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October 26:
I find this interesting, especially since seventeen years later and five years after Willingham was executed in connection with the case nine fire experts have raised the possibility that the blaze may have indeed been accidental, citing revised standards in arson investigations.
The arson investigation into the Willingham case was conducted before the 1992 publication of what has since become the standard for arson science: NFPA 921, a Guide to Fire and Explosion Investigation, published by the National Fire Protection Association. Vasquez and Douglas Fogg, then assistant fire chief for Corsicana, cited more than 20 indicators to conclude that the fire was intentionally set. But several of those indicators have since come under question in light of the newer standards in NFPA 921.
1. "Crazed glass," a weblike pattern earlier assumed to be caused by use of a liquid accelerant. Now it is also attributed to the rapid chilling of hot glass by water from fire hoses.
2. "Pour patterns," "trailers" and "puddles," markings suggesting that someone dumped accelerant. A "post-flashover fire" which spread from single objects to engulf an entire room, reaching temperatures of more than 2,000 degrees can also produce floor burn patterns that cannot be distinguished from those caused by liquid accelerants.
3. Multiple points of origin, which can indicate that a fire was deliberately ignited. But other causes, such as embers or drop-down burning, can produce the same effect, experts said.
full story and photos here;
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Techniques used in arson case now seen as outdated
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The change in significance and interpretation of some fire indicators is due to a better scientific understatement in fire dynamics and in the way materials are affected by.
NFPA 921 suggest a truly scientific approach to fire investigation and warns against use of anedoctal facts as a reliable source of information.
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May I suggest you that this is not enough? Any organic/plastic and even wood product that pyrolize during a fire can develop many molecules that closely resemble those found in petroleoum products or can even be made using organic glue or lacquers that are made by petroleoum products, this will cause a false positive, so it is mandatory to perform the same analysis on a similar sample from any place outside the apparent pour pattern.
Otherwise any trace of accelerant could be questioned.
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Same thing as death. 100 years ago someone gets dug up and they thought it was a vampire. Now, it's called thanatochemistry.
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Slow down guys.
Couple of thoughts:
1. For every true pour pattern I find, I can show you an equal number of uneven floor fire patterns that have been caused by completely innocent means. It is a fatal error to judge a fire pattern as having been caused by a liquid accelerant absent a lab confirmation.
2. There is no such thing as a false positive. If the lab report comes back saying there is a substance consistent with a liquid accelerant present, that is a positive.
3. The challenge with a positive lab hit is to discern whether that positive is a result of a hostile intentional act, an accidental occurence or a natural phenomenon. This is done through a good thorough scene examination, solid interviews, a fire scene reconstruction and a common sense analysis of the data. Even if there is a positive hit for gasoline, a good investigator will always consider the possibility that the gasoline belonged at that spot. For example, kids huffing from a container of gasoline in a bedroom. Gasoline spills and ignites due to a candle flame. Positive hit, but not an incendiary fire.
4. An investigator must be extremely careful with "comparison samples" (they are not "control samples". You must make sure that the materials taken for comparison are of the same matrix and are uncontaminated. The best way to do this is to take the samples from a hidden area. The worst thing that could happen is to have your comparison samples come back positive also. It is reality that you will not be able to find reliable comparison samples at every fire.
5. Professional fire investigators today do not investigate fires by using artifacts as indicators. Todays investigators, at least the one's doing it correctly, conduct a total investigation, with areas of origin based on four things; witness observations, fire pattern analysis, fire science application and arc mapping. Calls as to the cause of a fire are based on positive evidence developed during the investigation and cite three things; first fuel ignited, source of heat energy and the ignition factor (what brought the heat and fuel together). Anything less is an undetermined fire.PROUD, HONORED AND HUMBLED RECIPIENT OF THE PURPLE HYDRANT AWARD - 10/2007.
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English is not my native language so I do not understand if false positive means what I intended to say: clearly a lab test can just say what is in that sample, so if it says hydrocarbons then is positive to hydrocarbon, but this does not mean that is a positive detection of a accelerant pour pattern or if the spill was intentional.
Control sample can exist only in an experiment, not in a real event, so the distinction between control and comparison is an important clarification.
I agree with George on all of its remark, but based on my experience I am quite skeptical on the availability of reliable witness observation.
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Witness observations are one of the four items that are cited on NFPA 921 on which an investigator bases his origin determination. They are not the only one. A witness's observations are data' data that needs to be collected. If the observations are later found to invalid (based on correlation with the other data collected) they need not be considered. I personally find trained witness observations quite reliable. I will rely heavily on the observations of the first due incident commander and the first fire fighters in the building.
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Yes NFPA 921 says that and I have adopted that code as my guideline, but I have to consider two facts:
1) In my country ( and especially in the fires that is see most) any interior attack is seldom done and FF arrives that the building is close to full involvment, so many precious information on the fire seat are lost or not available
2) I work in the private sector and not always I am allowed to interview the FFs and the IC. This depends on many different factors, but is closely related to the different law system.
Beside that when there are witness observations they are one of the element that plays a role in the investigation.
One another important source of infos are TVCC and safety cameras, but I recently had a fire ( with few witness) where the clock of the TVCC was some hours wrong!!!
This at first was really misleading but finally we were able to figure out this and recolletting the observations of first responders we were able to draw a timeline of the event.
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Ice sailing, originating more than 4,000 years ago, is known as the fastest of all winter sports. While popular all around the world, Michigan is a well-known destination because of our great lakes and winter winds. Watch as the 2012 WISSA team takes you racing over a frozen lake on a wind-powered sled, hitting speeds up to 40 miles per hour.
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- Metal: 18k gold-plated brass
Diamond Details:
- Carat total weight: 1/2
- Cut: round & baguette
- Setting: channel
Image(s) may be enlarged to show detail.
Diamond weights are approximate. Diamond total weights may vary between .01 and .08 ct. Some diamonds have fewer than 17 facets.
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