text:
Tyra Banks
Tyra Banks | |
Banks at the 2012 Time 100 gala
Born | Tyra Lynne Banks December 4, 1973 Inglewood, California, U.S. |
Occupation |
Years active | 1991–present |
Height | measurements = Template:34-24-34 |
Tyra Lynne Banks[3] (born December 4, 1973)[4] is an American television personality, producer, author, actress and former model.[5][6][7] She first became famous as a model, appearing twice on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and working for Victoria's Secret as one of their original Angels. Banks is the creator and host of the UPN/The CW reality television show America's Next Top Model, co-creator of True Beauty, and was the host of her own talk show, The Tyra Banks Show.
Banks is one of four African Americans and seven women to have repeatedly ranked among the world's most influential people by Time magazine.[8][9]
Early life[edit]
Tyra Banks was born in California. She is the daughter of Caroline London (now London-Johnson), a NASA photographer,[4] and Donald Banks, a computer consultant.[5][10] She has a brother, Devin, who is five years older.[11] In 1979, when Banks was 6 years old, her parents divorced. Banks attended John Burroughs Middle School and graduated in 1991 from Immaculate Heart High School in Los Angeles. As a child Tyra Banks suffered from what she calls[where?] an "ugly duckling" period in her life; when Banks was eleven years old she grew three inches and lost 30 pounds in three months.[citation needed]
Banks's Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover from January 26, 1996 | |
Banks's Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover from February 21, 1997 |
When Banks was 15 years old, she started modeling while attending school in Los Angeles. She was rejected by four modeling agencies before she was signed by L.A. Models and then switched to Elite Model Management at age 16. When she got the opportunity to model in Europe, she put college on hold and moved to Milan. In her first runway season, she was booked in 25 shows at the 1991 Paris Fashion Week. She would later appear on the covers of magazines such as Elle, Teen Vogue and Vogue. She walked the runways for Chanel, Valentino, Fendi and others. She has featured in advertising campaigns for Dolce & Gabbana, Yves Saint Laurent, Ralph Lauren and Nike.[12] In the mid-1990s, Banks returned to America to do more commercial modeling.
Banks was the first African American woman on the covers of GQ and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.[13] In 1997, she received the VH1 award for, "Supermodel of the Year."[9] That same year, she became the first-ever African American chosen for the cover of the Victoria's Secret catalog.[14] She was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 1997 to 2005.[15] In 2010, Banks re-signed with her former modeling agency IMG Models.[16] Banks is now a contributor of the Vogue Italia website.[17] She has since started focusing on her film career and hosting her own TV show.
Move into television and film[edit]
Banks's television career began on the fourth season of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, in which she played lead character Will Smith's old friend Jackie Ames.[18] She made seven appearances in the series.[9][19] Other TV credits include Felicity,[20] All That, MADtv, Nick Cannon's Wild 'n Out (in which she was featured as a special guest host and team captain)[21] and The Price Is Right (guest-starring as a "Barker's Beauty").[22][23] She also appeared as a guest in the animated talk show Space Ghost Coast to Coast in an episode entitled "Chinatown."[24]
Banks started her production company, "Ty Ty Baby Productions" — soon afterward changed to Bankable Productions — which produced The Tyra Banks Show, America's Next Top Model and the 2008 movie The Clique.[25] Banks is the hostess, judge and executive producer of The CW's [America's Next Top Model. In addition, she hosted The Tyra Banks Show, a daytime talk show aimed at younger women, which premiered on September 12, 2005, and ran until May 28, 2010.[26] In 2008, Banks won the Daytime Emmy Award for her work and production on The Tyra Banks Show,[27] and won for the second time in a row for outstanding, informative talkshow in 2009.[28] In 2010, Oprah Winfrey congratulated Tyra Banks for a good job done on her talk-show for inspiring and mentoring young women.[29]
In late-January 2008, Banks got the go-ahead from The CW Television Network to start work on a new reality television series based on fashion magazines called Modelitha. The show premiered on October 22, 2008. Banks's first big screen role came in 1994, when she co-starred in the drama Higher Learning.[30] She then co-starred with Lindsay Lohan in the Disney film Life-Size, playing a doll named Eve who comes to life and has to learn how to live in the real world. Other notable roles include Love Stinks (1999), Love & Basketball (2000), Coyote Ugly (2000) and Halloween: Resurrection (2002)."[9] She and Miley Cyrus poke fun at the excesses of the Hollywood lifestyle with a battle over a pair of shoes in Hannah Montana: The Movie (2009).[31] Banks appeared in the fourth episode of the third season of Gossip Girl[32] playing Ursula Nyquist, a larger-than-life actress. She also appeared on the Disney Channel show, Shake It Up as their shy school librarian.
Banks has appeared in several music videos, including Michael Jackson's "Black or White", Tina Turner's "Love Thing", Mobb Deep's "Trife Life", George Michael's "Too Funky" (with supermodels Linda Evangelista, Estelle Lefébure, Emma Sjoberg and Nadja Auermann ) and Lionel Richie's "Don't Wanna Lose You". In 2004, she recorded her first single, "Shake Ya Body," which had a music video featuring the final six contestants on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 2. The video world-premiered on UPN.[33] Banks released a single with NBA player Kobe Bryant, entitled "K.O.B.E.," which was performed on NBA TV."[9] She also has a single on the soundtrack to Disney Channel's Original Movie Life-Size called "Be A Star."[9]
Banks announced in May 2010 that she would be writing a novel, titled Modelland,[34] loosely based on her own modelling experience.[35] Published September 2011,[dated info] it is the first of a planned three-part series.[36] On an interview with Good Morning America, Banks stated that Modelland is the story of four girls who are accepted into an "exclusive" modelling school in the world of Modelland.[37] Her first novel, Modelland, hit the New York Times best seller list in October 2011. In 1998, Banks co-authored a book entitled Tyra's Beauty, Inside and Out.[38]
In March 2011, Banks launched her fashion and beauty website called "typeF.com", which she co-created with Demand Media.[39]
Other projects[edit]
In 2011, Banks enrolled in the nine-week [40] Owner/President Management Program (OPM) at Harvard Business School. Admission to the program, as described on HBS's website, "is a selective process based on professional achievement and organizational responsibility. We look for professionals who have demonstrated business talent and leadership potential." [40] Banks graduated from the Executive Education Training Program in February 2012, earning a certificate.[41][42] Tyra has come under intense criticism for implying she was a Harvard "graduate."[43] A biting article in Jezebel referred to her statements on Harvard as "disingenuous," and called upon her to "stop lying" about Harvard.[44][45] Harvard's own newspaper, The Harvard Crimson, was critical of Tyra's public statements about "attending" Harvard.[46]
Despite the harsh criticism, and the conclusion of her time as a HBS student, "Banks will be remembered within the HBS curriculum. Professor Rohit Deshpande is preparing a case study on Bankable Productions, Banks' independent film and television production company, to be incorporated into future coursework for the Executive Education Owner/President Management Program." as cited on a different, and much more positive, article on The Harvard Crimson.[40] According to HBS Harbus, Harvard Business School's newspaper, on February 14, 2013, Tyra spoke with Harvard Business School Professor and Senior Associate Dean Youngme E. Moon in front of select audience at HBS. More than 100 students and faculty were invited to attend the event and hear Banks speak about her business and the reasons behind her decision to attend the program.[40]
Personal life[edit]
Banks was romantically linked to musician Seal, film director John Singleton[47] and actor Will Smith in the 1990s.[48] She dated basketball player Chris Webber from 2001 to 2004.[47][49]
She is known for being outspoken on abusive relationships, having been a victim herself. In 2005, when asked about her relationship history, she stated, 'I won't be using a lot of names [on the show], but a specific relationship had not just cheating but emotional abuse. It was really bad, but that made me strong.'[50] In 2009, she opened up about her past abusive relationship when she made a guest appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show, hosting alongside Oprah Winfrey. The episode was dedicated to dating violence in response to the assault of Rihanna by Chris Brown.[51][52][53]
In 1999, Tyra Banks established the TZONE program, which aimed at leadership and life skills development.[54][55] Banks acts as the patron for TZONE. She has also established the Tyra Banks Scholarship, a fund aimed at providing African-American girls the opportunity to attend her alma mater, Immaculate Heart High School. In 2005, TZONE transformed from a camp into a public charity, the Tyra Banks TZONE
Film | |||
Year | Film | Role | Notes |
1995 | Higher Learning | Deja | |
1999 | Love Stinks | Holly Garnett | |
2000 | Love & Basketball | Kyra Kessler | |
Life-Size | Eve Doll | The Wonderful World of Disney TV movie | |
Coyote Ugly | Zoë | ||
2002 | Halloween: Resurrection | Nora Winston | |
Eight Crazy Nights | Victoria's Secret Gown | The Voice | |
2007 | Mr. Woodcock | Herself | Cameo |
2008 | Tropic Thunder | Herself | Cameo |
2009 | Hannah Montana: The Movie | Herself | Cameo[56] |
2015 | Life-Size 2 | Eve Doll | Disney Channel Original Movie |
Television | |||
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
1993 | The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air | Jackie Ames | TV series (credited as "Tyra")
1999 | Felicity | Jane Scott | TV series
Just Shoot Me! | Herself | TV series
2000 | MADtv | Katisha Latisha Parisha Farisha Johnson | TV series
2001 | Soul Food | Nina Joseph | |
2003–present | America's Next Top Model | Host | Reality TV series created, judged and hosted by Banks |
2004 | American Dreams | Carolyn Gill | TV series
All of Us | Roni | TV series
2005–2010 | The Tyra Banks Show | Host | Talk show |
2009 | Gossip Girl | Ursula Nyquist | TV series,season 3
2011 | Mexico's Next Top Model | Guest judge | Reality TV Series
2012 | Vietnam's Next Top Model | Guest judge | Reality TV Series
Shake It Up | Mrs.Burke | Disney Channel Original Series
Top Model po-russki | Guest judge | Reality TV Series
2013 | Asia's Next Top Model | Guest judge | Reality TV Series
2013 | Glee | Bichette | TV Series
- ^ "Tyra Banks Height – how tall".
- ^ America's Next Top Model Cycle 13, episode 4.
- ^ "Tyra Banks Biography". TV Guide Network. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
- ^ a b "Tyra Banks Biography". The Biography Channel. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
- ^ a b Jason Clark (2008). "Tyra Banks:Biography on MSN". MSN. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
- ^ "ABC News: Tyra Banks Experiences Obesity Through Fat Suit".
- ^ "Tyra Banks On It – Forbes.com". March 7, 2006.
- ^ "Time 100 Gala 2012: Black stars shine at party honoring world's top influencers". thegrio.com. April 25, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f "About Tyra Banks". Movies.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-02-18.
- ^ "Tyra Banks Biography". FilmReference.com.
- ^ http://movies.yahoo.com/person/tyra-banks/biography.html
- ^ Bank Profile at Fashion Model Directory, Retrieved on 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Tyra Banks Profile". FMD-database. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
- ^ Norment, Lynn (1997). "Tyra Banks: on top of the world – African American fashion model". Ebony.
- ^ CBS Specials: Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2005 source:CBS.com. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ Bio at Imgmodels.com. Retrieved on 2010-05-27.
- ^ "Tyra Banks". www.vogue.it. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ "Tyra Banks: Biography". www.tvguide.com.
- ^ "TYRA BANKS SHOW FULL EPISODES". Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ "Tyra Banks Joins Cast of Felicity". abcnews. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ "Nick Cannon Presents Wild 'N Out Tyra Banks". tv.com.
- ^ Mahan, Colin (Feb 14, 2006). "Price Is Right for Tyra Banks". tv.com. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ "Tyra Banks on The Price is Right". YouTube.
- ^ "Space Ghost Coast to Coast Chinatown". tv.com.
- ^ "Bankable Productions Inks Deal with Warner Bros". findarticles.com. Oct 30 2007. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ Itzkoff, Dave (December 29, 2009). "Tyra Banks Announces Plans to End Talk Show". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (June 21, 2008). "Ellen DeGeneres, Tyra Banks Win Daytime.Tyra won 500 grammy awards in the Falls easons Emmys". people.com. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ ""Rachel Ray," "Tyra Banks" win talk show Emmys". reuters.com. Aug 31st 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ "Oprah says fairwell to Tyra Banks Show". YouTube.
- ^ "Tyra Banks' Bikini Body".
- ^ Anna Dimond (June 5, 2008). "The Office's Melora Hardin on Jan and the show's finale - TV Previews". TV Guide. Retrieved July 20, 2008.
- ^ Tyra Banks Joining Gossip Girl. usmagazine.com (2010-03-04). Retrieved on 2011-09-29.
- ^ Biography of Tyra Banks: Career
- ^ Nudd, Tim. Tyra Banks to Publish Her First Novel. People. May 11, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ Fire chief Tyra Banks is smoking hot as she dons skin-tight catsuit and knee-high boots. Daily Mail. July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ Krupnick, Ellie. Tyra Banks Talks 'Modelland', Harvard Business School (VIDEO). The Huffington Post. July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ Martin, Lara. 'America's Next Top Model' all-stars is crazy, says Tyra Banks. Digital Spy. July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ "Tyra Banks, Supermodel, Talk Show Host, and Actress". New York Times Bestsellerlist.
- ^ About Us typeF web site
- ^ a b c d Harvard Business School, [1], Retrieved 2013-07-30.
- ^ Hughes, Sarah Ann. Washington Post. "Tyra Banks graduates from Harvard's executive education program." 24 Feb. 2012, Washington Post
- ^ Sauers, Jenna, "Model Behaviors". Retrieved 25 August 2011., Jezebel
- ^ Manuel-Logan, Ruth. "Tyra Banks A Harvard Business School Graduate? Not!". News One.
- ^ Sauers, Jenna. "Tyra Banks Needs to Stop Lying About Going to Harvard Business School". Jezebel.
- ^ Bennett-Smith, Meredith. "Tyra Banks A Harvard Business School Graduate? Well, Not Exactly". The Huffington Post.
- ^ WEISS-MEYER, AMY L. "Tyra Banks: Dropping H-Bombs Like Nobody's Business".
- ^ a b "About Tyra Banks". Supermodels.nl. Retrieved 2013-02-18.
- ^ "Tyra Banks and Will Smith". www.glamourmagazine.co.uk. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
- ^ Mooney, Paula Neal. "Tyra Banks Cries Over Basketball Star Ex-Boyfriend". Yahoo voices. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
- ^ Cruz, Clarissa (August 26, 2005). "Looker Who's Talking". www.ew.com. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
- ^ "Breaking the Dating Violence Cycle". Oprah.com. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
- ^ Morrissey, Tracie Egan (March 12, 2009). "Oprah: Tyra Banks Opens Up About Abusive Ex-Boyfriend". jezebel.com. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
- ^ "Tyra Banks tells Oprah of her own abuse". cnn. March 19, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
- ^ TZONE Story. TZONE Foundation, accessed January 14, 2011.
- ^ Tyra Bank's Faces of Philanthropy page. Faces of Philanthropy, accessed January 14, 2011.
- ^ "'Hannah Montana' Film Scenes Shot In Cool Springs Mall". NewsChannel 5.com. 2008-05-28.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tyra Banks. |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Tyra Banks |
- Tyra Banks at the Internet Movie Database
- Tyra Banks at the Fashion Model Directory
- Tyra Banks at AllRovi
- Tyra Banks at People.com
- The Tyra Banks Show website
- The New York Times Profile/Interview
- 1973 births
- Living people
- 20th-century American actresses
- 21st-century American actresses
- Actresses from Los Angeles, California
- African-American businesswomen
- African-American Christians
- African-American female models
- African-American female singers
- African-American television personalities
- American businesspeople in retailing
- American Christians
- American cosmetics businesspeople
- American game show hosts
- American philanthropists
- American television producers
- American television talk show hosts
- Businesspeople from Los Angeles, California
- Models from California
- Musicians from Los Angeles, California
- Television personalities from California
- Television producers from California
- African-American game show hosts
- African-American television talk show hosts
- People from Inglewood, California
- LGBT rights activists from the United States
- African-American actresses
- American television actresses
- American film actresses


text:
Old Man Mountain Climber's Log
[ Sign the Climber's Log ]
WayneFry | SE Slope from Fordyce Lk Rd Date Climbed: Oct 26, 2013 | |
Team of seven. Climbed the southeast slope from the gap on Fordyce lake road. The river crossing was just a boulder hop and the ascent to the summit was fun class 3 scrambling. While on top we walked over to the north side to get a look at the north face. Impressive. Would like to come back and do a winter ascent someday. | ||
Posted Oct 30, 2013 11:20 pm |
ycbozo | birthday climb Date Climbed: Aug 11, 2004 | |
Went up to the summit of Old Man Mtn with my two sons for my 53rd Bday. First time climbed mtn was in 1964. Started both times at Fordyce Dam. Had total hip replacement in 1985 so took my time this trip. I just love this mtn. | ||
Posted Aug 29, 2013 7:59 pm |
BCL | From Fordyce Summit Date Climbed: Sep 11, 2012 | |
From Fordyce Summit with my Dad. | ||
Posted Sep 22, 2012 1:05 pm |
bigsuit | Fordyce Summit | |
Super fun scrambly hike. I'm from NH and we have "The Old Man in the Mountain" as our state symbol so this was a fitting hike for me. Awesome views and fun climbing, also the mines are pretty cool, you can find huge chunks of pyrite "fools gold" in the tailings. P.S. there is a great swimming hole on fordyce creek about 1/4 mile downstream from where you end up at the bottom of the canyon. you can see it on your descent. | ||
Posted Jul 27, 2012 2:28 pm |
scoob | SE slope scramble Date Climbed: Aug 28, 2011 | |
loving it. early morning solo. had to wade through fordyce creek, lots of water. air a little smokey in canyons. nice hike... | ||
Posted Aug 28, 2011 7:24 pm |
ckerth | South Slope Date Climbed: Apr 10, 2011 | |
Started from Eagle Lakes Road, shortly after exiting Highway 80. All of the road was still deep under snow. Ran into a large black bear while dropping into Fordyce Creek. Managed to stumble across Carlisle Mine while climbing the south slope. There was enough snow to cross directly over the ~20ft mine cut into the earth. Fun climbing on the way to the summit. | ||
Posted Apr 14, 2011 8:09 am |
Darren9 | Good stuff | |
Great peak with no official trails to the top. Lots of different and fun ways to climb it. | ||
Posted Nov 3, 2009 2:59 pm |
derbilly | Southeast Slope Date Climbed: Jun 7, 2008 | |
Climbed Signal Pk and Old Man Mnt. | ||
Posted Jun 9, 2008 3:31 pm |
SpiceMan | Rocky Rock Ridge Date Climbed: Aug 16, 2007 | |
Went with David. It was a good hike and took longer than expected because of the rocks. It was fun crossing Fordyce Creak (which should be a river) on a fallen over log. We made a really good cairn on top. | ||
Posted Aug 23, 2007 8:47 pm |
Matthew Holliman | Fun day Date Climbed: Feb 2, 2007 | |
Excellent outing out of I-80 with Bob, climbing Black Buttes first, then heading over here. Very scenic area, especially for this part of the Sierra. Highly recommended winter outing. | ||
Posted Aug 21, 2007 2:15 am |
Bob Burd | Winter climb Date Climbed: Feb 2, 2007 | |
Climbed with Matthew as a winter outing on snowshoes. Long Day. Trip Report | ||
Posted Aug 20, 2007 11:49 pm |
McCannster | Southeast Slope Date Climbed: Aug 16, 2007 | |
Did the southeast slope of Old Man. Parked on Fordyce Lake Rd at the gap, descended into the valley, then ascended the class 3 all the way to the summit. Four miles and four hours. Fun hike. | ||
Posted Aug 20, 2007 11:04 pm |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
PHOENIX (AP) - 1 of 3 people arrested after a brawl with an Arizona State University fraternity last month has pleaded not guilty in the case.
Authorities say 20-year-old Caleb Everett entered his plea Monday. His next scheduled court appearance is July 5.
Tempe police say Everett was arrested shortly after the fraternity brothers were attacked by a group of people armed with baseball bats and handguns on April 28.
A fight over a high school girl from Surprise at the frat party escalated when Everett, the girl's boyfriend, and his friends came back reportedly looking for revenge.
Investigators say the suspects allegedly attacked five members of Delta Kappa Epsilon and two suffered serious injuries.
Everett and two others were charged with disorderly conduct and discharging a firearm.
Related stories
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
WJBK-TV | Fox 2 16550 West Nine Mile Rd.Southfield, MI 48075Main Station: (248) 557-2000Newsroom: (248) 552-5103


text:
"When we beat Oak Hill and they were ranked eighth in the state, I thought that was the biggest win we'd had since I got here," Vincent said. "Then, we basically had to beat Elkins in the last week of the season to get into the playoffs. We won that, and I thought it might have been the biggest win in school history.
"Then we beat University and it's another new biggest win. We're learning what it takes to be competitive and to win big games."
Next, the Minutemen visit No. 3 George Washington (9-2), which scored 35 second-half points on No. 14 seed Hurricane in the first round to break a scoreless halftime tie and win going away, 35-10.
"We played good defense. We played hard," GW Coach Steve Edwards Jr. said about the first-round win that saw 2011 Kennedy Award winner Ryan Switzer again serve as the Hurricane killer, scoring four touchdowns in the second half to up his season touchdown total to 34.
"Our kids didn't panic. Halftime wasn't a yelling or screaming match, it wasn't a pointing-the-finger match. There wasn't any special wizardry going on inside the locker room. It was just, 'Ok, here's what's going on; here's what's happening. What can we do?'
"It was maturity; maturity on our kids' behalf, maturity from our coaches. It was a good session. Really, we knew we were playing hard. We just asked the kids to just play a little bit harder. It made the difference."
Switzer finished the game with 109 rushing yards to put himself over the 2,000-yard mark for the second consecutive season. Hurricane fans won't miss the GW senior once he takes his talents to North Carolina in 2013, either. In four games against the Redskins in 2011-12, Switzer had 814 rushing yards and 15 total touchdowns, including two interception returns for scores.
Lewis County visits GW at 7:30 p.m. Friday, which is the time all four Class AAA quarterfinals will be played. Other games include No. 10 seed Musselman (8-3) at No. 2 Martinsburg (11-1) and No. 5 Morgantown (9-2) at No. 4 Huntington (9-2).
As a reward for its first-round win, Spring Valley gets a rematch with top-seeded Cabell Midland (11-0). The Knights beat Spring Valley 21-13 in Ona on Aug. 24.
Contact Preps Editor Derek Taylor at derek.tay...@dailymail.com or 304-348-5170.


text:
how does a baby's kick feel like? how can you tell if its the baby and not just imagining things?
Posted: 08/28/2007 by a BabyCenter Member
Mom Answers
Sort by:
best answers | most recent answers
1 -
10 of
61 answers
It feels like little popcorns or bubble popping inside your belly or like muscles twitching!! I started feeling it around 18 weeks very lightly! I'm now 19 weeks :)posted 11/21/2013 by Marla94
this has been so helpful because I am feeling flutters especially when I am lying down and quiet. I am a first time mom.Thank you momsposted 11/01/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
it feels like a gentle "flick" here and there coming from the pelvic area where the uterus sits at, i had to be very still to feel it at first during my 15th week, im almost 17 weeks now with my first and i can feel it around 4-6 times a day! everybody is different!posted 10/04/2013 by everniceness09
I am 24 weeks (5 months) an dint feel him till Yesterday after an ultrasound, the doc wuld ask me if i "felt that" when he was moving during the ultrasound and I could NOT, and hadn't yet at home either. Then, I go home an lay down and i could finally feel it. Its exactly like a muscle spasm or twitch, i had a twitch in my leg a few moments later, so it was a perfect comparison... now, since yesterday, he's just been gittin it in there... i was a lil shocked that before I couldn't feel anything at all, no fluttering, not even gas, an now the feeling is there constantly, in just a day!... He's very active! I love it! I even felt it on the outside with my hand... My Fiance said I lit up instantly! So precious!posted 10/04/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
i agree with the people who say it feels like a small electric zap because thats exactly what it felt like for me. it was the strangest most unique feeling ever and to be honest it freaked me out a bit. lolposted 09/25/2013 by Irancontrababy
To me it feels like those twitches you get in your eye, except in your stomach. I haven't felt any big movements/kicks yet but I know I'm gonna start feeling them soon I'm sure. I'm 20 weeks pregnant with my first!! It's really exciting. Congratulations & good luck!!! =)posted 09/03/2013 by marissamahon09
Well today I think I have experienced my baby's first kick. I am 20 weeks pregnant and before today I had only felt bubbles and gas and grumbling but today I felt something unlike until other time. The best way to describe it would be : imagine a foam pillow and when you put a hand or body part on it and it takes shape, then after that imagine your stomach as the foam pillow and the baby putting its foot against it... uhh kinda feeling someone poke you on the outside but instead on the inside. Weird.. aha :D best way I'd describe it.posted 06/10/2013 by Columbiana
Am 16wks and 6days. For the last four days i have been feeling like sharp shootings around my abdomen. I went to the clinic coz i thought i had an infection, they did a urinalysis and everything was fine. I need help here guys, could these be baby kicks.. i don't know these things since it's my frst pregnancy.. It's scaring the hell out of me coz i feel like 8 shootings in every 30mins. I feel the same even at night yet i thought by this time the baby should be resting. Urgent response will be highly appreciated...thanks.posted 06/05/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
I felt my baby kick for the first time today and I felt a kick a few minutes ago. It feels like your insides being flicked or tapped REALLY hard. It kinda hurts but it's really incredible.posted 05/14/2013 by mamaofanangel2016
It feels like bubbles popping as one mom described but also like gas I always tell my boyfriend to feel my stomach when I feel the movements but he doesn't feel anything. Does anyone know when he will feel it like I already do? P.s first time mom and 20 weeks pregnant.posted 04/07/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
Answer this question


text: Archive Now Open: Bisutoro November 13, 2013 | Posted by chefmorimoto in Events, Food & Wine, News| 0 comments Dear Friends, I'm thrilled to share with you the opening of my newest restaurant, Bisutoro. It is located in Tribeca at 313 Church Street in New York City, which was the previous location of my restaurant Tribeca Canvas. Bisutoro, which means "bistro" in Japanese, was brought about by the partnership between myself, Patrick Fahey of the [...] Read more


text:
COLUMBIA — A fire at Weil Tire & Auto on the corner of Stadium Boulevard and Old 63 left one injured Tuesday evening.
One injured in fire at Stadium and Old 63
Tuesday, May 24, 2011 | 7:40 p.m. CDT;
updated 10:22 p.m. CDT, Tuesday, May 24, 2011
To read the full article, please sign up or login.
Get full access to the Columbia Missourian on your computer, phone, and tablet for just $5.95 per month.
* Unlimited access on your iPhone, iPad, Android phone and Android tablet
* All the high-quality, in-depth journalism of the Columbia Missourian and Vox Magazine, updated 24/7
* Your news. Your device. Your time.
If you'd like to read more about the value of being a member, read this column from the Missourian's executive editor, Tom Warhover.


text:
Your Washington and You |
Previous | 1 of 1 | Next |
small (250x250 max)
medium (500x500 max)
large ( > 500x500)
Full Resolution
All (PDF)
This page
Loading content ...
YOUR WASHINGTON AND YOU VOLUME 7 NUMBER 13 Weekly News Letter From Office of Karl Mundt For Release - March 28 or after A VETERANS FARM LOAN BILL. On March 9, Congressman Karl Mundt joined with 22 other Republican House members from 22 different states in introducing legislation to expedite the making of farm loans to Veterans desirous of establishing themselves in the farming business. The legislation is offered as an amendment to the G.I. Bill of Rights which bill has not worked as effectively as hoped in providing farming opportunites for discharged servicemen. The new legislation would provide loans up to $12,000 at 3% interest to Veterans desiring to purchase and equip a farm. Repayment would be distributed over 40 years. The Administrator of Veteran Affairs would administer the new farm loans, working thru county committees selected from lists recommended by duly constituted veterans organizations of the county. Considerable support has already developed for this jointly sponsored legislation which is identified as HR 2671. -o- KIND WORDS FROM ARKANSAS. Congressman Brooks Hays while addressing the House recently on the food situation paid a genuine tribute to South Dakota generosity and good neighborliness. Said he, "I think one of the most stirring things I ever saw in any legislative assembly was in the Arkansas Legislature, and it had to do with another State, the great State of South Dakota. In the farm depression that preceded the general depression, my State one year was nearly prostrate. There was a widespread drought. There was the threat of real hunger. The people of South Dakota were among those who came to our relief. They sent a trainload of food. Later on, we sent to South Dakota a consignment of food for their people and feed for their animals. A representative of that State came to Arkansas to express officially the thanks of South Dakota to the people of my State for that help. So there were tears that day because the speaker's presence and words involved something basic in human life. It was a very real experience for the peoples of two American States." How many South Dakotans have memories long enough to recall the name of the South Dakota speaker who expressed gratitude and impelled tears in his speech in Arkansas? -o- UNAMERICAN UNAMERICAN ACTIVITY AGENTS. Congressman Mundt has been attending many Committee meetings lately as a Member of the newly created permanent House Committee on Un-American Activities. Purpose of the meetings is to select a staff of investigators, agents, lawyers, and research assistants to help the Committee detect and expose un- American activities. After weeks of personal interviews, the Committee agreed upon four applicants whose records and references seemed tops. All references were carefully checked, the applicants were personally interviewed. Before offering any employment however, the Committee asked the FBI to make a "case study" of each applicant as it is determined to get the best possible talent for this highly important job. Result: The FBI turned in confidential reports on each of the four. Each of the four were given "adverse reports." One had actually been a member of an UnAmerican organization himself! So - the work must all be done over again and with authority granted to select a counsel and three investigators with salaries of from $7,000 to $10,000 the Committee has as yet been unable to name a single agent who meets all of its qualifications. In the meantime, the Brookings Institution has made an analysis of the answers Mr. Mundt received from the hundred outstanding citizens he queried on a working definition of "UnAmerican Activity" and the Committee is developing standards and criteria for guiding its continuing investigation. -o- MORE ACTION ON MISSOURI RIVER PROJECT. On March 20, President Roosevelt asked Congress to appropriate $4,480,000 "for the work preliminary to actual construction of projects in the Missouri River Valley" saying, "This must be performed irrespective of whether construction of projects in the basin is accomplished by a valley authority or other agencies." On April 16, the Senate Commerce Committee expects to begin hearings on the advisability of a Missouri Valley Authority. -o- INTERESTING OFFICE VISITOR. Upton Close, famed news commentator on Mutual, in to see Congressman Mundt about (1) UnAmerican Activities (2) projected regulations to protect freedom of speech on the air. Close is tall, bushy haired, has finely chiseled features and speaks incisively. His real name is Joseph Washington Hall - his pen-name, Upton Close, grew out of a news story he secretly sent out of Japan when stationed there as a reporter. Not daring to sign his name, he sent it anonymously and used the words "up to close", at end to indicate the story was "complete to now". A West Coast editor credited the story to "Upton Close" and he later adopted the name. -o- SPRAY FROM THE POTOMAC. General Hines has stated the peak load for Veterans Hospitals will not come until 1975, thirty years from now... Henry Kaiser is one businessman who has reason to like the New Deal. His original $100,000 investment has yielded his company a net profit of $27,274,784.24 after renogiation. No war millionaires this time?..... Plans for an Easter Congressional recess this year were given up due to postwar problems, Senate legislation requiring House approval, work required to ease the food shortage and encourage farm production. Instead two weeks of "three day recesses" are contemplated starting March 29th to permit Members to get home to attend to personal matters and private business where necessary.
Object Description
Rating | |
Title | Your Washington and You |
Subject |
Mundt, Karl E., 1900-1974 South Dakota -- Politics and government South Dakota -- History |
Description | Your Washington and You, a March 28, 1945 report by Karl E. Mundt to the people of South Dakota and others, on a variety of topics. |
Creator | Mundt, Karl E. (Karl Earl), 1900-1974 |
Contributors | Karl E. Mundt Historical & Educational Foundation & Archives |
Date Original | 1945-03-28 |
Type | Text |
Format | image/jp2 |
Digital Format | 21.06 cm. x 35.05 cm. |
Identifier | kem-nl-1945-03-28 |
Language | eng |
Coverage-Spatial | Madison (S.D.) |
Relation-Is Part Of | Dakota State University. Karl E. Mundt Library |
Rights Statement | The work from which this copy was made did not include a formal copyright notice. This work may be protected by U.S. copyright law (Title 17, United States Code), which governs reproduction, distribution, public display, and other uses of protected works. Some uses may be legal with permission from the copyright holder, if the copyright on the work has expired, or if the use is fair use or compliance with the law. All use of DLSD material and content, whether utilized under fair use or used with written permission to publish, must name the Karl E. Mundt Historical & Educational Foundation, Karl E. Mundt Library, Dakota State University, as the original source for the material. |
Date Digitized | 2012-11-14 |
Digitization Specifications | Master file format: 38,672,712 bytes, 8 bit, Grayscale; 600dpi, uncompressed; Checksum: 812f40246f5ca5737e4d8f3cf570fa38 *1945kemnl001_page-01.tif 4c4bc0340f5d5bd7d4c65c067ea446aa *Thumbs.db; 4759 x 8120; Epson Expression 10000XL Photo flatbed scanner; Windows XP Professional Version 2001, Adobe Photoshop CS3 |
Digital Publisher | Dakota State University. Karl E. Mundt Library |
Post a Comment for Your Washington and You


text:
airberlin offers you cheapflights from Stockholm-Arlanda to Belgrade
Take a cheap flight from Stockholm-Arlanda to Belgrade, ready to head off on vacation right after landing. Leave behind Sweden and start the best time of the year 1,659 km away from Stockholm-Arlanda. airberlin takes you to your destination quickly and at a reasonable price, saving you a bigger budget for your holidays.
airberlin has got your cheap flight from Stockholm-Arlanda to Belgrade on offer
After landing at the airport of Belgrade in Serbia, we wish you a pleasant stay; expecting it to be as comfortable as aboard our aircrafts, on the way to Belgrade and also on the way back to Stockholm-Arlanda in Sweden.
Check out the flight schedule for Stockholm-Arlanda - Belgrade.


text:
NEW YORK NURSE: December 2009
Christine O'Dell of Montefiore Medical Center, was awarded the prestigious 2009 Claire Chee Award for Excellence from the Association of Child Neurology Nurses (ACNN). The award recognizes and honors the nurse who, as a member of the ACNN, has rendered distinguished service within the profession of child neurology nursing. The recipient is a nurse who demonstrates, through strength of character and competence, a commitment to the care of children and their families with neurological disorders. O'Dell was selected "because she is an outstanding clinician who specializes in the care of children with epilepsy and their families as clinician, educator, author and researcher." Described as having established herself as an expert in the field of epilepsy and research, O'Dell has participated in more than 33 clinical trials and grants over the course of her career. She has also contributed to the development of a curriculum for educating school personnel on the management of seizures at school and currently is the coordinator and manager of a multi-center NIH study of prolonged febrile seizures in children.
Erie County Medical Center RNs Marci Connors and Tracy Brown were recently selected as Nurses of the Month by their employer. Connors, a charge nurse, was commended for developing management skills in new staff. Responsible for orienting new staff to the unit, her versatility, willingness to assume new assignments and enthusiasm for mentoring were noted, as were her cooperative efforts in bringing staff together and her attention to ensuring local college students received the very best education when spending evenings on the unit. Brown was described as an exceptional, compassionate nurse, who always has time to smile and offer kind words to her patients. Her versatility was also recognized – after accepting a temporary assignment to the Emergency Department, she became ECMC's first PRN admission nurse, a position that facilitates the movement of patients from the ED to inpatient floors.


text:
JACKSONVILLE – Let's get to it . . .
Casey from Templeton, CA:
I couldn't help but notice quite a few reporters point out Gus Bradley's depressing postgame comments. Is he in danger of losing the team for this season?
John: I answer this first, because I have been struck since Sunday's game how many questions I have gotten along these lines. First, I didn't find Bradley's comments depressing. They were actually quite candid and refreshing. He said the team didn't improve on Sunday, also saying he didn't like the effort and that what happened Sunday wasn't acceptable. He essentially said what people wanted him to say for a while, and he said the truth. I don't know if those comments are the reason people are talking about him losing the team, but if you're around this team, that's just not something you think about. The players want to play well. For the most part, they have played hard. On Sunday, that didn't happen. One game is one game. It's not a trend and it doesn't in anyway mean it's going to keep happening.
Steve from Atlanta, GA:
I hate to be Captain Obvious but it strikes me watching this mess today that a top 15 quarterback makes this team playoff capable. How far off am I?
John: I thought about this question, then rethought about it and tried to step back from the disappointment that was Sunday. After considering it, I have to say I don't agree. That's not to be snide or reactionary. A Top-15 quarterback definitely would help, and it would get the Jaguars to the point of competitiveness. But there are still a few holes. The interior of the offensive line has to play better, and the defensive front absolutely needs playmakers than can rush the passer and disrupt the offense. This process won't take forever, but it's further away than just one player. Even if that player is a quarterback.
John from Savannah, GA:
John, if the entire 10-pick draft class next year is used on offensive linemen and quarterbacks, I'd be OK with that. Really.
John: I wouldn't say all 10 will be used there, but I think you'll probably see some focus on those areas. Really.
Sam from Jacksonville:
Most teams are not good enough to give away a free first down on third-and-30. And we are not as good as most teams. That's not rebuilding, youth, injuries, or even talent. That's just silly. Bad, frustrating pattern.
John: Yes.
Mike from Section 238:
Long drive home to St. Augustine Sunday. Does it really matter which quarterback starts if the "best" option can only put up two field goals?
John: That's sort of the point that I made much of last week when people were clamoring for Henne over Gabbert. Many took it as an example of me saying Gabbert should be the guy. I don't know that Gabbert should be the guy. I do know neither guy is yet the guy, and until a guy is the guy there's no rush to make him the guy. That's five guys. Now, I'm hungry.
Keith from Jacksonville and Section 436:
John: No.
Royce from Jacksonville:
The run defense has not played well this season (youth does not seem to be the problem). This week, the coach mentioned that effort was not what was expected. At 0-7 is lack of talent in the front seven why?
John: It doesn't help. The Jaguars need to get better on the defensive front and at linebacker. I'd expect it to be a pretty prominent offseason emphasis.
Lance from Jacksonville:
We have weapons on offense. I'll take that positive from Sunday!
John: I wasn't even going to mention this, but you're right that there are weapons. That was a weird thing about Sunday's game – that through a lot of it, particularly in the first half, you got a much better feeling about the offense than you did early in the season. The Jaguars had two first downs on their first drive and moved 68 yards on the second drive. One problem was the drives only yielded a field goal and the other problem was the Chargers kept the ball so long the Jaguars' offense didn't have enough chances. But the offense certainly is better after seven games than it was in the first month of the season. That's little solace today, but it is.
Sam from Boston:
Now what? Anyone who says this is an improving team is delusional. This is the worst NFL team of the last twenty years. Not one aspect of this team is professional quality. Even the television commentators remarked that Bradley is losing the team. I mean it! Now what? I know, more of the same. This team will not win a game and will go down as the worst of all time. I doubt they win a game next year. Also, now we know why Henne was not named permanent starter. He is all time bad. I know sending this was a waste of time. But I feel better.
John: I'm glad you feel better. Your feelings are understandable, because Sunday was bad. Along with the Colts game, it was probably the Jaguars' worst performance of the season. But to say Bradley is losing the team, I would challenge that – if indeed it was said. Your predictions aside, we'll see what happens the rest of the season. Sunday wasn't good, but overall there has been progress made. It hasn't been enough to get close to a victory, and it wasn't evident Sunday, but it has been made. Will that progress continue? Will it be enough for the Jaguars to win? I believe it will. We shall see.
Don from Macclenny, FL:
I know Shorts wants us to be able to pick a real quarterback with the first overall pick but aren't the drops getting a little silly this year?
John: They certainly have been an issue and no one is more bothered by them than Shorts. To Shorts' credit, while he played through pain on Sunday, he didn't use his sprained SC joint and the accompanying pain as an excuse for two dropped balls. If those two drops wouldn't each have been touchdowns, then they at minimum stopped drives. The Jaguars have a chance with Shorts and Justin Blackmon to have a very good young receiving duo, and Shorts has a chance to be a very good player. If all of that is going to happen, the drops need to be reduced significantly.
Christer from Copenhagen, Denmark:
Do you travel with the team to London next week and will you be available for high-fives at the tailgate party? Do the Jags sell apparel there? And most importantly: The ROAR, John: Will the ROAR be there?
John: I will make every effort to answer all of your questions. Yes, I will travel with the team. I will probably not be available for high-fives at the tailgate because I have to be inside the stadium before the game. I imagine there will be apparel for sale. And yes, the ROAR, Christer. The ROAR will be there.
Mark from Jacksonville and Section 113:
Hey, John. Been a fan since the first game. I've seen us go through the great years and the awful ones. While I notice we are trying to build for the future, any future that includes players who go 2-14 and 0-16 is bleak. I love Gus' energy, but it's time to face facts. We haven't spent big in free agency for as long as I can remember, and we have a tremendous amount of cap space. Alex Smith passed us by this summer, and why would we not go for him if we are giving Henne a chance to start? Because Jaguars. How long do you think it is before the fans give up? Because the players look like they have already. Pathetic loss to the Chargers.
John: Sunday was tough. The season has been tough. The Jaguars will spend in free agency under David Caldwell, and I expect that to start this offseason. As for the players giving up, I don't sense it. I don't see it happening under Bradley. I understand how people think that, because Sunday looked bad, but I just don't see it.
Nelly from Section 132:
That was a rather tough loss, John. The refs made some questionable calls but there was some disconnect with the Jags, especially with the run block and red zone. Do you agree?
John: I think there was disconnect with a lot of areas. Mostly, I thought the defensive effort was lackluster and that was where the lack of effort that Gus Bradley mentioned showed the most. The offense actually looked more efficient in spots than it had at the beginning of the year, but couldn't finish drives. That wasn't as big a concern as the defense. At least not from this view.
Trey from DC:
If playing the Broncos hard is a step in the right direction and a better feeling at what lies ahead, then what was this week? A step in the wrong direction and a team that is not improving and feeling worse at what lies ahead?
John: Yes, it was a step in the wrong direction. Missteps happen. Improvement in the NFL, as in most things, isn't a steady graph up and down. Overall, the team has improved. Overall, the belief around here is that things are going in the right direction. It wasn't that way Sunday, but one game doesn't define the entire season.


text:
1.7K2149Today Now!: How To Pretend You Give A Shit About The Election2:51Our morning show's political correspondent offers tips on how you can seem informed about politics without picking up a single newspaper.
Man Who Has Something Seriously Wrong With Him On A Fundamental Level Leaves That Part Off OKCupid Profile1:23


text: I currently have openings for full time daycare in my home. I am located in Bellefontaine. I provide meals and snacks. Structured environment but fun. We like crafts and the outdoors. Fenced in back yard. I have base rates. Available between 5 am - 5pm. Mon thru Fri. You can call me at 937-441-9232. :)


text:
Online only! This edgy combat bootie features a vegan leather upper with a lace-up front, metalline studs and an embossed skull at the back. Rounded toe fits with a metallic plate. Handy inner zipper meets a lightly cushioned insole and rests on a durable rubber outsole. Style: TIMBERLY 121
Shaft height: 8" Boot opening: 12" Heel: 1.25"
All man made materials / Imported


text:
My First Place
Tune In
December 01, 2013
8:00 AM e/p
Newlyweds Angel and Quentin are stuck living in Quentin's bachelor pad, but Angel is insisting they get a place of their own. But with her high standards and his frugal nature, they may never agree on a first place. They're forced to look outside of their comfort zone, but will they like what they find?


text:
The UNO softball team is little more athletic, has a little more speed and has a little more power in the lineup, coach Jeanne Scarpello says.
The only thing the Mavs don't have is a little more experience.
The University of Nebraska at Omaha will open the season with seven freshmen on its 16-player roster.
Three will start: Campbell Ditto of Wamego, Kan., at catcher; Tara Trede from Wahoo Neumann at second base; and an undetermined freshman at the designated player spot.
The Mavs also will have a newcomer in the leadoff spot in center fielder Allie Mathewson, a sophomore transfer from Creighton who attended Papillion-La Vista South.
Instead of being worried about the newcomers, Scarpello loves the energy they've brought to the team.
"They are very driven and very competitive," she said. "You can see that in the way they play."
UNO opens the season Friday at 10:30 a.m. against Iona, and then faces host North Carolina-Wilmington at 3:30 p.m. in the UNCW Beach Blast.
"All the teams we're going against are teams we can compete with," Scarpello said.
Dana Elsasser, a junior from Hershey, Neb., returns to the circle after posting a 13-9 record with a 1.07 earned-run average last year. The ace had eight shutouts and completed 20 of her 24 starts.
"She can keep us in the game with anybody," Scarpello said.
No. 2 pitcher Kat Barrow, sidelined by injury, has just started throwing live and Scarpello is hoping that she can get in a few innings this weekend.
The Mavericks played some tough competition in the fall, and Scarpello is eager to see how her young players do when it counts.
"We feel pretty good about where we are at right now," she said.
UNO roster: Allie Mathewson, OF/IF, So., Papillion-La Vista South. Molly Negrete, IF, Sr., Millard South. Tara Trede, IF, Fr., Wahoo Neumann. Tonya Peterson, IF, So., Omaha Westside. Sydney Hames , IF, Fr., Bennington High. Bailey Schulenberg, OF, Fr., Lincoln Southwest. Dana Elsasser, RHP, Jr., Hershey High. Mara Eeman, OF, So., Ralston. Tania Carroll, OF, Fr., Lincoln Southwest. Amber Lutmer, C/IF, Jr., Millard West. Ashton Hughes, RHP, Sr., Regina, Saskatchewan. Lindsay Redding, OF, Sr., Papillion-La Vista. Kat Barrow, RHP, So., Kearney, Mo. Kayla Wyatt, RHP, Fr., Purcell, Okla. Jesslyn Buie, IF, Fr., Kansas City, Kan. Campbell Ditto, C/OF, Fr., Wamego, Kan.
CU's Homan taking charge in center field
Christa Ruf is no longer on the team but the fifth-year Creighton nursing student is still making her presence felt in center field.
She started training Ellen Homan to take over her spot even before the junior from Omaha Skutt got the official word she'd be starting in center this spring.
Ruf hit fly balls to Homan over the summer and has given her lots of advice about playing center field in college. Homan said she picked up a lot just watching Ruf, an All-MVC scholar athlete and an all-tournament pick last season.
"She was being that big sister she always was for me," Homan said.
Homan loves being in center field, where she directs more of the action. She likes letting the other outfielders know where they should play and what to prepare for every play.
"It's working out. The girls have responded well," Homan said. "It helps me be vocal, too. I'm kind of on the quieter side, but you can't be quiet in center field. I've been screaming my head off and trying to be the leader in the outfield."
Homan, who hit .370 last season, will also lead off for the Jays when they open the season Thursday at the Kajikawa Classic in Tempe, Ariz. CU plays New Mexico at 2:30 p.m. and San Diego State at 5.
Homan hopes to hit better than .400 this year, but said she'll concentrate more on things like putting the ball in play and stealing bases.
Coach Brent Vigness said the Jays are ready, even though they've only been able to practice a few times outside.
"It's time for us to go play and see where we are at and come back and work on what we need to," he said.
Creighton roster: Kelsey Allender, OF, Fr., Rosharon, Texas. Erin McGonigal, IF, Fr., Omaha Skutt. Alexis Cantu, P/1B, Jr., Frisco, Texas. Bri Lingl, UT, So., Schaumburg, Ill. Becca Changstrom, P, Jr., Lincoln Southwest. Blake Ringle, UT, Fr., Millard South. Ashley Frutos, IF, Sr., Santa Paula, Calif. Jordan Brydges, OF, Fr., Woodbury, Minn. Blair Lowe, UT, Jr., Dumfries, Va. Katie Pascuzzi, OF, Fr., Overland Park, Kan. Ellen Homan, OF, Jr., Omaha Skutt. Kim Jacobson, UT, Fr., Schaumburg, Ill. Liz Dike, IF, So., Lincoln Southwest. Cassie Sharon, IF, Fr,. Ellensburg, Wash. Sammy Snygg, P/UT, Sr., Ankeny, Iowa. MaKenzie Michael, OF, Jr., Bellevue East. Amy Baker, C, Sr., Omaha Westside. Brittany Telecky, P, Jr., Seward High.
Huskers motivated by tournament absence
Before the NCAA selection committee revealed its postseason bracket last year, Nebraska's team already knew it didn't make the cut. And that wasn't a good feeling.
But the Huskers are motivated because of it, coach Rhonda Revelle said.
"We have a senior group that's tasted what it's like to be in postseason and then last year the juniors didn't get to go feel that so they're hungry — and they're really doing a tremendous job of role-modeling and mentoring for our young, athletic group," Revelle said. "We believe we can get there."
On paper, Nebraska's rebuilding a bit with a young roster. The Big Ten's stuck in a down cycle as well — only two teams (Michigan and Northwestern) from the conference made the NCAA tournament last year.
But that doesn't change the expectations, Revelle said.
The NU program has 20 all-time NCAA tournament appearances, which ranks 12th nationally. The Huskers have reached an NCAA Regional in three of the last four seasons.
"We really feel like we're in the hunt for a Big Ten championship," Revelle said. "We want to get back in the postseason. That's where our goals are."
Nebraska roster: Alicia Armstrong, IF, Fr. Beatrice High. Gabby Banda, IF, Sr., Angleton, Texas. Jordan Bettiol, OF, So., College Station, Texas. Danica Bishop, RHP, Fr., Irvine, Calif. Courtney Breault, IF, Sr. Roseville, Calif. Hailey Decker, IF, Fr. Keizer, Ore. Tatum Edwards, RHP, Jr., Murrieta, Calif. Taylor Edwards, C, Jr. Murrieta, Calif. Mattie Fowler, IF, So., Tucson. Emily Lockman, RHP, Fr., Corona, Calif. Kylee Muir, IF, Jr., Portland, Ore. Sammi Noland, C, Fr., Tucson, Ariz. Megan Southworth, OF, Sr., Papillion-La Vista. Kiki Stokes, OF, Fr., Olathe, Kan. Brooke Thomason, OF, Sr., Overland Park, Kan. Dawna Tyson, IF, Fr., Corona, Calif.
— By Marjie Ducey and Jon Nyatawa


text:
By Andrew Gans
Question: What was the rehearsal process like having to prepare for the different endings? A killer, lovers and a detective are all selected by the audience.
Question: What is it like backstage with such a great cast? I would imagine there is a lot of energy from not quite knowing what the ending will be each night.
Question: Have you been involved in anything similar to British Music Hall?
16 Nov 2012
Photo by Joan Marcus
Rivera: You just learn it, and then when you're called on to do it, you just do it. The hard part is, because you don't do it every night, you have to run it over in your mind. It's kind of a scary kind of thing. It's a lot of fun for the audience. It's a bit of a shock for the actor, but there are some actors that love it. I'm not crazy about sometimes being thrown into something. I love being one of the lovers — that's a lot of fun. It's fun once you've given yourself to the show, and you're in it, and you get to the end, and some funny things happen, so it's very much alive… It's an excellent company with superb voices. It's a wonderful company.
Rivera: Oh, no — nobody thinks about it until you do the show… You don't talk about it. You don't think about it. These are very professional people. Everybody gets along beautifully. And, besides, we're not in the same room. We're on all different floors, so we see each other when we get on stage.
Rivera: No. This is a first.
Rivera: I've never known Warren before, and he is a very warm and very nice guy — very, very nice guy — and he does a very fine job with the show. Scott's excellent. He's had a lot of experience since we worked together [in The Rink, when] he was in the show — he was an actor, singer and a roller skater. He's very open, very free. He allows you to share your opinions. He's excellent. He's had a lot of experience since he's been working for the Roundabout. And, he does a lot of television. He's a very nice guy — very fair — and he's very interesting.
Question: I don't know if you know how many people admire and respect you in the business. I wonder what that means to you as a person and a performer to know how respected you are.
Rivera: Well, that means everything to me. It means absolutely everything to me because you can't get any work done unless you work with people, and you can't enjoy it unless you share it, and you can't learn unless you listen. And, you learn so much from your fellow actors and the creative staff. I've been a very lucky woman with the Kander and Ebbs and the Cy Colemans and the Jerome Robbinses and the Leonard Bernsteins, so that's quite a wonderful thing that's happened to my career and my life. My door is always open, and I enjoy what I do because I keep my mind open. You can't do anything by yourself anyhow.


text:
Vodka (Polish: wódka, Russian: водка) is a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol, sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings. Traditionally, vodka is made by the distillation of fermented grains or potatoes, though some modern brands use other substances - such as fruits or sugar.
Traditionally prepared vodkas had an alcoholic content of 40% by volume.[citation needed] Today, the standard Russian, Ukrainian, Estonian, Polish, Latvian, Lithuanian and Czech vodkas are still 40% alcohol by volume (ABV) or 80 proof. The European Union has established a minimum of 37.5% ABV for any "European vodka" to be named as such.[1][2] Products sold as vodka in the United States must have an alcoholic content of 30% or more.[3] For homemade vodkas and distilled beverages referred to as "moonshine", see moonshine by country.
Vodka is traditionally drunk neat in the vodka belt countries of Eastern Europe and around the Baltic Sea. It is also commonly used in cocktails and mixed drinks, such as the Caesar, Bloody Mary, Screwdriver, Sex on the Beach, Moscow Mule, White Russian, Black Russian, vodka tonic, and in a vodka martini.
The name "vodka" is a diminutive form of the Slavic word voda (water), interpreted as little water: root вод- (vod-) [water] + -к- (-k-) (diminutive suffix, among other functions) + -a (postfix of feminine gender).[4][5][6]
The word "vodka" was recorded for the first time in 1405 in Akta Grodzkie,[7] the court documents from the Palatinate of Sandomierz in Poland.[7] At the time, the word vodka (wódka) referred to chemical compounds such as medicines and cosmetics' cleansers, while the popular beverage was called gorzałka (from the Old Polish gorzeć meaning "to burn"), which is also the source of Ukrainian horilka (горілка). The word vodka written in Cyrillic appeared first in 1533, in relation to a medicinal drink brought from Poland to Russia by the merchants of Kievan Rus'.[7]
A number of Russian pharmaceutical lists contain the terms "vodka of grain wine" (водка хлебного вина vodka khlebnogo vina) and "vodka in half of grain wine" (водка полу хлебного вина vodka polu khlebnogo vina).[8] As alcohol had long been used as a basis for medicines, this implies the term vodka could be a noun derived from the verb vodit', razvodit' (водить, разводить), "to dilute with water". Grain wine was a spirit distilled from alcohol made from grain (as opposed to grape wine) and hence "vodka of grain wine" would be a water dilution of a distilled grain spirit.
Although the word vodka could be found in early manuscripts and in lubok pictograms, it began to appear in Russian dictionaries only in the mid-19th century. It was attested in Sámuel Gyarmathi's Russian-German-Hungarian glossary of 1799, where it is glossed with Latin vinum adustum ("burnt [i.e. distilled] wine").[9]
In English literature the word vodka was attested already in the late 18th century. In a book of his travels published in English in 1780 (presumably, a translation from German), Johann Gottlieb Georgi correctly explained that "Kabak in the Russian language signifies a public house for the common people to drink vodka (a sort of brandy) in."[10] William Tooke in 1799 glossed vodka as "rectified corn-spirits".[11] In French, Théophile Gautier in 1800 glossed it as a "grain liquor" served with meals in Poland (eau-de-vie de grain).[12]
Another possible connection of "vodka" with "water" is the name of the medieval alcoholic beverage aqua vitae (Latin, literally, "water of life"), which is reflected in Polish okowita, Ukrainian оковита, Belarusian акавіта, and Scandinavian akvavit. (Note that whiskey has a similar etymology, from the Irish/Scottish Gaelic uisce beatha/uisge-beatha.)
People in the area of vodka's probable origin have names for vodka with roots meaning "to burn": Polish: gorzała, berbelucha, bimber; Ukrainian: горілка, horílka; Belarusian: гарэлка, harelka; Lithuanian: degtinė; Samogitian: degtėnė, is also in use, colloquially and in proverbs[13]); Latvian: degvīns; Finnish: paloviina. In Russian during 17th and 18th centuries, горящѣе вино or горячее вино (goryashchee vino, "burning wine" or "hot wine") was widely used. Compare to German Branntwein, Danish; brændevin; Dutch: brandewijn; Swedish: brännvin; Norwegian: brennevin (although the latter terms refer to any strong alcoholic beverage).
Scholars debate the beginnings of vodka.[14] It is a contentious issue due to little historical material available on the subject of the origins of the drink.[15][16] Vodka originated in Eastern Europe. The first production of vodka took place either in Poland in the 8th century or in the area of today's Russia in the late 9th century depending on the source of information.[14][17] According to the Gin and Vodka Association (GVA),[17] the first distillery was documented over three hundred years later at Khlynovsk as reported in the Vyatka Chronicle of 1174. For many centuries, beverages differed significantly compared to the vodka of today, as the spirit at that time had a different flavor, color and smell, and was originally used as medicine.[17] It contained little alcohol, an estimated maximum of about 14%, as only this amount can be attained by natural fermentation. The still allowing for distillation – the "burning of wine" – was invented in the 8th century.[18]
In Poland, vodka (Polish: wódka; obsolete: gorzałka) has been produced since the early Middle Ages with local traditions as varied as the production of cognac in France, or Scottish whisky.[19]
The world's first written mention of the drink and of the word "vodka" was in 1405 from Akta Grodzkie recorder of deeds,[7] the court documents from the Palatinate of Sandomierz in Poland.[7] At the time, the word wódka referred to chemical compounds such as medicines and cosmetics' cleansers, while the popular beverage currently known as vodka was called gorzałka (from the Old Polish verb gorzeć meaning "to burn"), which is also the source of Ukrainian horilka (горілка). The word written in Cyrillic appeared first in 1533, in relation to a medicinal drink brought from Poland to Russia by the merchants of Kievan Rus'.[7] In these early days, the spirits were used mostly as medicines. Stefan Falimierz asserted in his 1534 works on herbs that vodka could serve "to increase fertility and awaken lust". Around 1400, it became a popular drink in Poland. Wódka lub gorzała (1614), by Jerzy Potański, contains valuable information on the production of vodka. Jakub Kazimierz Haur, in his book Skład albo skarbiec znakomitych sekretów ekonomii ziemiańskiej (A Treasury of Excellent Secrets about Landed Gentry's Economy, Kraków, 1693), gave detailed recipes for making vodka from rye.
Some Polish vodka blends go back centuries. Most notable are Żubrówka, from about the 16th century; Goldwasser, from the early 17th century; and aged Starka vodka, from the 16th century. In the mid-17th century, the szlachta (nobility of Poland) were granted a monopoly on producing and selling vodka in their territories. This privilege was a source of substantial profits. One of the most famous distilleries of the aristocracy was established by Princess Lubomirska and later operated by her grandson, Count Alfred Wojciech Potocki. The Vodka Industry Museum, located at the park of the Potocki country estate has an original document attesting that the distillery already existed in 1784. Today it operates as "Polmos Łańcut".[20]
Vodka production on a much larger scale began in Poland at the end of the 16th century, initially at Kraków, whence spirits were exported to Silesia before 1550. Silesian cities also bought vodka from Poznań, a city that in 1580 had 498 working spirits distilleries. Soon, however, Gdańsk outpaced both these cities. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Polish vodka was known in the Netherlands, Denmark, England, Russia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Bulgaria and the Black Sea basin.
Early production methods were rudimentary. The beverage was usually low-proof, and the distillation process had to be repeated several times (a three-stage distillation process was common). The first distillate was called brantówka, the second was szumówka, and the third was okowita (from aqua vitae), which generally contained 70–80% ABV. Then the beverage was watered down, yielding a simple vodka (30–35% ABV), or a stronger one if the watering was done using an alembic. The exact production methods were described in 1768 by Jan Paweł Biretowski and in 1774 by Jan Chryzostom Pasek. The late 18th century inaugurated the production of vodka from various unexpected substances including even the carrot.[19]
The end of the 18th century marked the start of the vodka industry in Poland (the eastern part of Poland was controlled by the Russian empire at that time). Vodkas produced by the nobility and clergy became a mass product. The first industrial distillery was opened in 1782 in Lwów by J. A. Baczewski. He was soon followed by Jakub Haberfeld, who in 1804 established a factory at Oświęcim, and by Hartwig Kantorowicz, who started producing Wyborowa in 1823 at Poznań. The implementation of new technologies in the second half of the 19th century, which allowed the production of clear vodkas, contributed to their success. The first rectification distillery was established in 1871. In 1925, the production of clear vodkas was made a Polish government monopoly.[19]
After World War II, all vodka distilleries were taken over by Poland's communist government. During the martial law of the 1980s, the sale of vodka was rationed. Following the success of the Solidarity movement and the abolition of single-party rule in Poland, many distilleries began struggling financially. Some filed for bankruptcy, but many were privatized - leading to the creation of various new brands.[19]
A type of distilled liquor designated by the Russian word vodka came to Russia in the late 14th century. In 1386, the Genoese ambassadors brought the first aqua vitae ("the water of life") to Moscow and presented it to Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy. The liquid obtained by distillation of grape must was thought to be a concentrate and a "spirit" of wine (spiritus vini in Latin), from where came the name of this substance in many European languages (like English spirit, or Russian спирт, spirt).
According to a legend, around 1430, a monk called Isidore from Chudov Monastery inside the Moscow Kremlin made a recipe of the first Russian vodka.[21] Having a special knowledge and distillation devices, he became an author of the new type of alcoholic beverage of a new, higher quality. This "bread wine" as it was initially known, was produced for a long time exclusively in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and in no other principality of Rus' (this situation persisted until the era of industrial production). Thus, this beverage was closely associated with Moscow.
Until the mid-18th century, the drink remained relatively low on alcohol content, not exceeding 40% abv. Multiple terms for the drink are recorded, sometimes reflecting different levels of quality, alcohol concentration, filtering, and the number of distillations; most commonly, it was referred to as "burning wine", "bread wine", or even in some locations simply "wine". (In locations, grape wine may have been so expensive that it was a drink only for aristocrats.) Burning wine was usually diluted with water to 24% ABV or less before drinking. It was mostly sold in taverns and was quite expensive. At the same time, the word vodka was already in use, but it described herbal tinctures (similar to absinthe), containing up to 75% by volume alcohol, and made for medicinal purposes.
The first written usage of the word vodka in an official Russian document in its modern meaning is dated by the decree of Empress Elizabeth of June 8, 1751, which regulated the ownership of vodka distilleries. By the 1860s, due to the government policy of promoting consumption of state-manufactured vodka, it became the drink of choice for many Russians. In 1863, the government monopoly on vodka production was repealed, causing prices to plummet and making vodka available even to low-income citizens. The taxes on vodka became a key element of government finances in Tsarist Russia, providing at times up to 40% of state revenue.[22] By 1911, vodka comprised 89% of all alcohol consumed in Russia. This level has fluctuated somewhat during the 20th century, but remained quite high at all times. The most recent estimates put it at 70% (2001). Today, some popular Russian vodka producers or brands are (amongst others) Stolichnaya and Russian Standard.[23]
Up until the 1950s, vodka was not used as a designation for Swedish distilled beverages, which were instead called brännvin ("burn-wine"). This beverage has been produced in Sweden since the late 15th century, although the total production was still small in the 17th century.[24] From the early 18th century, production expanded, although production was prohibited several times, during grain shortages. Although initially a grain product, potatoes started to be used in the production in the late 18th century, and became dominant from the early 19th century.[25] From the early 1870s, distillery equipment was improved.
Progressively from the 1960s, unflavoured Swedish brännvin also came to be called vodka. The first Swedish product to use this term was Explorer Vodka, which was created in 1958 and initially was intended for the American export market.[26] In 1979, Absolut Vodka was launched, reusing the name of the old Absolut Rent Brännvin ("absolutely pure brännvin") created in 1879.
Vodka has become a popular source of insobriety among young people, with a flourishing black market.[27] In 2013 the organizers of a so-called 'vodka car' were jailed for 2.5 years for having provided thousands of liters, mainly to underaged girls.[28]
According to The Penguin Book of Spirits and Liqueurs, "Its low level of fusel oils and congeners—impurities that flavour spirits but that can contribute to the after-effects of heavy consumption—led to its being considered among the 'safer' spirits, though not in terms of its powers of intoxication, which, depending on strength, may be considerable."[29]
Russian culinary author William Pokhlebkin compiled a history of the production of vodka in Russia during the late 1970s as part of the Soviet case in a trade dispute; this was later published as A History of Vodka. Pokhlebkin claimed while there was a wealth of publications about the history of consumption and distribution of vodka, virtually nothing had been written about vodka production. One of his assertions was that the word "vodka" was used in popular speech in Russia considerably earlier than the middle of the 18th century, but the word did not appear in print until the 1860s. Pokhlebkin's sources were challenged by David Christian in Slavic Review in 1994. He criticised lack of valid references in Pokhlebkin's works stating that his work has an obvious pro-Russian bias. Pokhlebkin is also known for his Pan-Slavic (under the leadership of Russia) sympathies and sentiments which in David Christian's opinion discredits majority of his work, especially his History of Vodka.[30]
Since the year 2000, due to evolving consumer tastes and regulatory changes, a number of 'artisanal vodka' or even 'ultrapremium vodka' brands have appeared.
Vodka may be distilled from any starch- or sugar-rich plant matter; most vodka today is produced from grains such as sorghum, corn, rye or wheat. Among grain vodkas, rye and wheat vodkas are generally considered superior. Some vodkas are made from potatoes, molasses, soybeans, grapes, rice, sugar beets and sometimes even byproducts of oil refining[31] or wood pulp processing. In some Central European countries, such as Poland, some vodka is produced by just fermenting a solution of crystal sugar and yeast. In the European Union there are talks about the standardization of vodka, and the Vodka Belt countries insist that only spirits produced from grains, potato and sugar beet molasses be allowed to be branded as "vodka", following the traditional methods of production.[32][33]
In the United States, many vodkas are made from 95% ethanol produced in large quantities by agricultural-industrial giants Archer Daniels Midland and Midwest Grain Processors. Bottlers purchase the base spirits in bulk, then filter, dilute, distribute and market the end product under a variety of vodka brand names.[34]
Distilling and filtering[edit]
A common property of the vodkas produced in the United States and Europe is the extensive use of filtration prior to any additional processing including the addition of flavorants. Filtering is sometimes done in the still during distillation, as well as afterwards, where the distilled vodka is filtered through activated charcoal and other media to absorb trace amounts of substances that alter or impart off-flavors to the vodka. However, this is not the case in the traditional vodka-producing nations, so many distillers from these countries prefer to use very accurate distillation but minimal filtering, thus preserving the unique flavors and characteristics of their products.
The master distiller is in charge of distilling the vodka and directing its filtration, which includes the removal of the "fore-shots", "heads" and "tails". These components of the distillate contain flavor compounds such as ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate (heads) as well as the fusel oils (tails) that impact the usually desired clean taste of vodka. Through numerous rounds of distillation, or the use of a fractioning still, the taste is modified and clarity is increased. In contrast, distillery process for liquors such as whiskey, rum, and baijiu allow portions of the "heads" and "tails" to remain, giving them their unique flavors.
Repeated distillation of vodka will make its ethanol level much higher than is acceptable to most end users, whether legislation determines strength limits or not. Depending on the distillation method and the technique of the stillmaster, the final filtered and distilled vodka may have as much as 95–96% ethanol. As such, most vodka is diluted with water prior to bottling.
Polish distilleries make a very pure (96%, 192 proof, formerly also 98%) rectified spirit (Polish language: spirytus rektyfikowany). Technically a form of vodka, it is sold in liquor stores rather than pharmacies. Similarly, the German market often carries German, Hungarian, Polish, and Ukrainian-made varieties of vodka of 90 to 95% ABV. A Bulgarian vodka, Balkan 176°, has an 88% alcohol content. Everclear, an American brand, is also sold at 95% ABV.
While most vodkas are unflavored, many flavored vodkas have been produced in traditional vodka-drinking areas, often as home-made recipes to improve vodka's taste or for medicinal purposes. Flavorings include red pepper, ginger, fruit flavors, vanilla, chocolate (without sweetener), and cinnamon. In Russia, vodka flavored with honey and pepper, pertsovka in Russian, is also very popular. In Poland and Belarus, the leaves of the local bison grass are added to produce zubrówka (Polish) and zubrovka (Belarusian) vodka, with slightly sweet flavors and light amber colors. In Lithuania and Poland, a famous vodka containing honey is called krupnik.
This tradition of flavoring is also prevalent in the Nordic countries, where vodka seasoned with herbs, fruits and spices is the appropriate strong drink for several seasonal festivities. Sweden has forty-odd common varieties of herb-flavored vodka (kryddat brännvin). In Poland and Ukraine, a separate category (nalyvka in Ukraine and nalewka in Poland) is used for vodka-based spirits with fruit, root, flower, or herb extracts, which are often home-made or produced by small commercial distilleries. Their alcohol contents vary between 15 and 75%. In Estonia, vodkas are spiced with barbaris, blackcurrant, cherry, green apple, lemon, vanilla and watermelon flavors.[35]
More recently, people have experimented with producing more unusual flavors of vodka, such as very hot chili flavored vodka[36] and even bacon vodka.[37]
European Union regulation[edit]
The recent success of grape-based vodka in the United States has prompted traditional vodka producers in the Vodka Belt countries of Poland, Finland, Lithuania, and Sweden to campaign for EU legislation that will categorize only spirits made from grain or potatoes as "vodka".[32][33] This proposition has provoked heavy criticism from south European countries, which often distill used mash from wine-making into spirits; although higher quality mash is usually distilled into some variety of pomace brandy, lower-quality mash is better turned into neutral-flavored spirits instead. Any vodka then not made from either grain or potatoes would have to display the products used in its production. This regulation entered into force in 2008.[2]
In some countries, black-market or "bathtub" vodka is widespread because it can be produced easily and avoid taxation. However, severe poisoning, blindness, or death can occur as a result of dangerous industrial ethanol substitutes being added by black-market producers.[38] In March 2007 in a documentary, BBC News UK sought to find the cause of severe jaundice among imbibers of a "bathtub" vodka in Russia.[39] The cause was suspected to be an industrial disinfectant (Extrasept) – 95% ethanol but also containing a highly toxic chemical – added to the vodka by the illegal traders because of its high alcohol content and low price. Death toll estimates list at least 120 dead and more than 1,000 poisoned. The death toll is expected to rise due to the chronic nature of the cirrhosis that is causing the jaundice. However, there are also much higher estimates of the annual death toll (dozens or even hundreds thousand lives) produced by the vodka consumption in Russia.[40]
See also[edit]
- List of vodkas
- Horilka
- List of cocktails with vodka
- Vodka war at European Parliament
- A History of Vodka (1991) by Pokhlebkin
- ^ Production of vodka at the Wayback Machine (archived January 22, 2008). Gin and Vodka Association. ginvodka.org
- ^ a b "Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 1576/89".
- ^ "United States Code of Federal Regulations Title 27, Section 5.22(a)(1)". United States Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
- ^ "Vodka (distilled liquer)". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
- ^ vodka. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
- ^ Etymology of the word "vodka" in Черных П. Я.: Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка. Москва, Русский язык-Медиа, 2004.
- ^ a b c d e f "History of vodka production, at the official page of Polish Spirit Industry Association (KRPS), 2007". Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
- ^ Pokhlebkin, William and Clarke, Renfrey (translator). A History of vodka. Verso: 1992. ISBN 0-86091-359-7.
- ^ Gyarmathi, Sámuel (1799). Affinitas linguae hungaricae cum linguis Fennicae originis grammatice demonstrata. Nec non vocabularia dialectorum tataricarum et slavicorum cum hungarica comparata. Göttingen.
- ^ Georgi, Johann Gottlieb (1780). Russia: or, a compleat historical account of all the nations which compose that Empire.. printed for J. Nichols: T. Cadell; H. Payne; and N. Conant. p. 115.
- ^ Tooke, William (1799). View of the Russian empire during the reign of Catharine the Second, and to the close of the present century, Volume 1. Piccadilly: T.N. Longman and O. Rees, Pater-Noster-Row, and J. Debrett. p. 362.
- ^ Gautier, Théophile (1800). Voyage en Russie. G. Charpentier et cie. pp. 354, 406.
- ^ Drotvinas, Vincentas. "What was šlapjurgis drinking?", Kalbos kultūra ("Language Culture"), issue 78, pp. 241–246 (online summary at the Wayback Machine (archived April 11, 2008))
- ^ a b Smith, A. F. (2007). The Oxford companion to American food and drink. Oxford University Press. p. 693. ISBN 978-0-19-530796-2.
- ^ Blocker, Jack S; Fahey, David M and Tyrrell, Ian R (2003). Alcohol and temperance in modern history: An international encyclopedia Vol. 1 A – L, ABC-CLIO, pp. 389, 636 ISBN 1576078337.
- ^ Ermochkine, Nicholas and Iglikowski, Peter (2003). 40 degrees east : an anatomy of vodka, Nova Publishers, p. 217, ISBN 1590335945.
- ^ a b c Origins & Development of Vodka. The Gin and Vodka Association. ginvodka.org
- ^ Briffault, Robert (1938). The Making of Humanity, p. 195.
- ^ a b c d Leszek Wiwała (2010). Od gorzałki do wódki – zarys historii polskiej wódki (History of Polish vodka). Wydawnictwo Leon. ISBN 8392886100.
- ^ "Count Alfred Potocki Factory Museum of Liqueurs, Rosolios and Rum". Polmos Distillery. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
- ^ Pokhlebkin V. V. / Похлёбкин В. В. (2007). The history of vodka / История водки. Moscow: Tsentrpoligraph / Центрполиграф. p. 272. ISBN 5-9524-1895-3.
- ^ Bromley, Jonathan (2002). Russia 1848–1917. Heinemann. pp. 40–. ISBN 978-0-435-32718-7.
- ^ "Some vodka manufacturers". onlinevodka.net. Archived from the original on 2009-04-13.
- ^ Brännvinslagstiftning in Nordisk familjebok, volume 4 (1905)
- ^ Brännvinsbränning in Nordisk familjebok, volume 4 (1905)
- ^ Cocktailguiden: Explorer Vodka, accessed 2012-12-16[dead link]
- ^ 'Vodka-mobile' selling booze to Swedish kids. Thelocal.se (10 February 2012). Retrieved on 2013-07-19.
- ^ Åtalade för vodkabilen dömda till fängelse. Expressen.se (2013-05-03). Retrieved on 2013-07-19.
- ^ *Price, Pamela Vandyke (1980). The Penguin Book of Spirits and Liqueurs. Penguin Books. pp. 196 ff. ISBN 0-14-046335-6.
- ^ Vol. 53, no. 1 (1994), pp. 245–247
- ^ Ermochkine, Nicholas and Iglikowski, Peter (2003). 40 degrees east : an anatomy of vodka, Nova Publishers, p. 65, ISBN 1590335945.
- ^ a b "EU Farm Chief Warns of Legal Action in Vodka Row" at the Wayback Machine (archived March 10, 2007), Reuters via flexnews.com (25 October 2006)
- ^ a b Alexander Stubb, The European Vodka Wars, a December 2006 Blue Wings article
- ^ Nasaw, Daniel (7 June 2012). "Why are there so many brands of vodka on sale?". BBC News. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- ^ "Estonian Vodka flavors". therealculture.com. Archived from the original on 2010-04-01.
- ^ 100,000 Scovilles – Naga Chilli Vodka Vodka. Master of Malt. Retrieved on 2013-07-19.
- ^ Spirits Review for Bakon Bacon Flavored Vodka $30. Tastings.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-19.
- ^ Eke, Steven (November 29, 2006). "'People's vodka' urged for Russia". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
- ^ Sweeney, John (March 10, 2007). "When vodka is your poison". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
- ^ See, e.g., Korotayev A., Khaltourina D. Russian Demographic Crisis in Cross-National Perspective. Russia and Globalization: Identity, Security, and Society in an Era of Change. Ed. by D. W. Blum. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. P. 37-78; Khaltourina, D. A., & Korotayev, A. V. 'Potential for alcohol policy to decrease the mortality crisis in Russia', Evaluation & the Health Professions, vol. 31, no. 3, Sep 2008. pp. 272–281.
Further reading[edit]
- Begg, Desmond (1997). The Vodka Companion: A Connoisseur's Guide. Running. ISBN 0-7624-0252-0.
- Broom, Dave (1998). Complete Book of Spirits and Cocktails. Italy: Carlton Books Ltd. ISBN 1-85868-485-4.
- Delos, Gilbert (1998). Vodkas of the World. Edison, New Jersey: Wellfleet Press. ISBN 0-7858-1018-8.
- Elborn, Geoffrey (2013). The Dedalus Book of Vodka. Dedalus. ISBN 9-781907-650048.
- Faith, Nicholas; Ian Wisniewski (1977). Classic Vodka. London: Prion Books Ltd. ISBN 1-85375-234-7.
- Lingwood, William; Ian Wisniewski (2003). Vodka: Discovering, Exploring, Enjoying. New York: Ryland Peters & Small. ISBN 1-84172-506-4.
- Rogala, Jan (2004). Gorzałka czyli historia i zasady wypalania mocnych trunków. Baobab. ISBN 83-89642-70-0.
External links[edit]
- Media related to Vodka at Wikimedia Commons


text:
The Bucknell Arts Council is has as its mission the goal of collaboratively advancing and enhancing the arts at Bucknell. The Bucknell Arts Council is a coalition of the following following arts departments, organizations, concentrations, and centers: Art and Art History, University Press, Creative Writing, Film/Media Studies, the Griot Institute for Africana Studies, Music, Samek Art Gallery, Stadler Center for Poetry, Theatre and Dance, the Weis Center for the Performing Arts, the University Arts Coordinator and the Associate Dean of Arts and Humanities.
One of the primary goals of the Bucknell Arts Council is to support student artistry. To that end, we offer support for students engaged in artistic and creative endeavors like Bucknell Arts Council Student Arts and Creativity Grants.
Questions and comments about the Presidential Arts Initiative can be directed to the current Bucknell University Arts Coordinator, Carmen Gillespie, Professor of English and Director of the Griot Institute of Africana Studies.
Office: VL 209C
Voice: (570) 577-1651
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
The following links are virtual breadcrumbs marking the 12 most recent pages you have visited in Bucknell.edu. If you want to remember a specific page forever click the pin in the top right corner and we will be sure not to replace it. Close this message.


text:
GoVacuum has Sandia Vacuum Cleaner Bags which are designed to fit a diverse set of models, e.g., Sandia Plastics XP-3 Whisper 6 models; Avenger Raven 6, Super Raven 6 and many more. There are also High quality HEPA filtration vacuum cleaner bags that fit all quart Sandia backpacks. Rather then the standard paper bags which can exhaust microscopic, the disposable cloth style of HEPA filtration bag keeps these airborne allergens in control.
Sandia vacuums, Sandia vacuums by price, Sandia vacuums at low price, govacuum.com
Sandia Raven 10-0197 XP-3 Whisper 6 Quart Microfiltration Vacuum Bag BULK CASE LOT, 50 Pack.
This is BULK CASE LOT purchase of 50 total 6 quart microfiltration vacuum bags for the Sandia 6 quart backpacks. Save BIG off retail price when purchasing bulk. These bags Fit the following Sandia Plastics XP-3 Whisper 6 WERK.20 models; 74-2012, 74-2016, Learn More -
Aggressor Backpack Vacuum Cleaner With Tool Kit Sandia HEPA Hipster 1340W 1 Stage 30 3001
Hipster 1340W 1 Stage 30 3001. Quiet at only 69 db A sound level. Powerful 1.5 HP, 1 Stage, 11.5 AMP, 1340W. 99.97% at .03 Micron filtration. Ergonomic Back Rests, Rugged Polyethylene Case. Airflow 150 CFM, Static Lift 100", Super Deluxe Comfortable Cumberbun Belt with Shoulder Straps. Net Weight 9.5 lbs.##6 Quart Capacity, Includes Complete Tool Kit: Two Piece Aluminum Wand, 14" Scallop Floor Tool, 4" Upholstery Tool, 3" Dust Brush, 11" Crevice Tool, 50 Foot Safety Orange Power Cord Learn More


text:
Two foreign workers have been killed in Bahrain's capital Manama after a series of blasts went off, authorities say.
The interior ministry said at least five homemade explosive devices exploded on Monday and described the blasts as "terrorist acts" - its term for violence by opposition activists.
The apparently co-ordinated explosions point to escalating levels of violence in the nearly 21-month uprising against the Gulf kingdom's rulers and come less than a week after Bahrain banned all protest gatherings in the country.
The official Bahrain News Agency said the explosions took place between 4.30am and 9.30am (01:30 and 06:30 GMT) in the Qudaibiya and Adliya districts of Manama.
"As always, we condemn violence but, given the Bahraini authorities' background in spreading disinformation, we call for an independent investigation"
- Maryam al-Khawaja, opposition activist
One of the attacks occurred outside a cinema, where a street cleaner died when he kicked a package that blew up. The other man died from injuries in a separate blast, officials said, identifying the dead as a 29-year-old Indian and a 33-year-old Bangladeshi. Another Indian man was injured.
Rights group Amnesty International called for an independent investigation into Monday's attacks. "...those responsible [must be] brought to justice in proceedings that comply with internationally recognised standards for fair trial and with no possibility of the death penalty," a statement said.
Police have been targeted by explosions several times this year, as the government has stepped up efforts to quell an uprising that has simmered since protests broke out in early 2011.
But bombs targeting civilians are rare in the kingdom, where the Sunni Muslim Al Khalifa family rules over a majority Shia population.
'Strange incident'
Opposition politician Matar Matar of the Shia party al-Wefaq said he doubted that opposition activists were behind Monday's attacks.
He suggested the police or military might have been responsible, or a rogue unit.
"This incident is strange - why would anyone target workers?" he said. "I'm worried that police and military are losing control of their units or it is [preparation] before declaring martial law."
Maryam al-Khawaja, acting head of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, said: "As always, we condemn violence but, given the Bahraini authorities' background in spreading disinformation, we call for an independent investigation into the deaths of the two migrant workers."
Khawaja, who is based in Denmark, said the attacks were "not grounds to start a campaign of collective punishment, arbitrary arrests, and torture, as we've see happen before".
Foreign ministers from the Gulf Co-operation Council - made up of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates - plan to meet in Manama on Wednesday to discuss regional issues.
The meeting will discuss Bahrain's tensions and growing clashes in Kuwait between security forces and the opposition.
Thirty-five people were killed in Bahrain as the Shia-led opposition staged protests in February and March 2011 and the two months of martial law that followed. While mass protests in central Manama have been stamped out, clashes between protesters and riot police are still common in Shia districts.
Activists and rights groups say 50 civilians have been killed in the turmoil since the end of martial law, while the authorities say two policemen have died.
Shias make up about 70 per cent of Bahrain's 525,000 citizens. They complain of discrimination in the electoral system, jobs, housing and education, and say they are mistreated by government departments, the police and the army.
Bahrain's Western allies have urged renewed efforts at dialogue to ease the crisis, but opposition groups insist that talks cannot move forward unless the monarchy is willing to make greater concessions to loosen its hold on the country's affairs.
Bahrain's leaders have so far made reforms that include transferring more oversight powers to the elected parliament.


text:
The following policies and procedures are being used for the FY 2014 budget cycle.
Budgeting for Results Accountability Policy (B1001)
Budgeting for Results Policy Guidelines (B1006)
Employee Furloughs for Budget Balancing
Funded Positions Policy (B3001)
Managing for Results Policy (B6001)
Non-Departmental Policy (B1008)
Reserve and Tax Reduction Policy (B1007)
Vehicle Replacement Policy (B4002)
Some documents require Adobe Acrobat Reader. Click here to get it.


text:
Let's hope the jailbreak can get the phones back to 3.01, because 3.1 is causing freezes, lockups, and ridiculous battery drain for lots of people.
No problems with 3.1 on my 3G
Im still perfectly happy with my jailbroken 3G S on 3.0. I just hope nothing stupud happens to it until a tool is released.
I was just going to restore my 3GS 3.0(7A341)FW back to the same 3.0FW a week ago cuz I prefer to start from scratch again. I kick myself for not doing it since now I can't I was waiting to see what Apple released and of course they always pull surprises out of there *****.
I miss you Appu****!!! lol But it's not that bad though. I miss Cydia too. Jailbreak will come out someday soon I bet.
Dev-Team BlogUpdate: Were currently working on PwnageTool for 3.1, and will be sure to let you know when its available!
I just found out this today as something happen to Cydia when I entered the repo source for ultrasnow I forgot the one dot between the repo666 and ultrasnow.com now it won't work properly unless everytime i have to go to var/lib/apt/list and delete the misstyped source!
Now I can't even restore to my original 3.0! For now my Cydia os out of order till the new JB for 3.1 comes out as I can't restore and I don't want to use my iphone if it is not JB!
**** apple
For anyone who locked upgrading 3.1 there hone here is an unlock but doesnt install cydia
edit: please, no links allowed to this site.
^ That site is a con - they lie.
If you visit that site please do not come crying when it doesn't work.
Lol. thank you blkcadi for the edit
Hi, please help me. I have reset my iphone 3gs and now its not restarting. i tried to restored but as you know theres a problem. So any idea that i can boot my iphone normally?
So if this is happening with the 3Gs will the same sh1t be happening with the old 3G model?
And can i ask somone while im here, is cydia working ok for people? I have been unable to load it all morning..... Keep getting error message.
"Error: Clean Archives" Problems with mergelist/var/lib/apt/lists/apple.news.fr_repo_._packages The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.
"Error: database, encountered a section with no package: Header".
plus when i go to sections, there is just one option that says "All packages" and this does nothing when i open it...
I have tried refreshing within changes but to no avail....
Anyone help?
And sorry for going off topic... If mods want to move my post then please do so.
The 3G doesn't have the same problem because it doesn't have the same level of security as the 3GS - you can always restore an earlier version of the FW as it does not require signing.
Saurik has been sorting db - not sure if that's what was causing your problem but Cydia seems fine for me now.
Thanks, i am just trying to refresh the db now but got another error message! aaaggghhhh! saying failed to fetch richcreations.comThe 3G doesn't have the same problem because it doesn't have the same level of security as the 3GS - you can always restore an earlier version of the FW as it does not require signing.
Saurik has been sorting db - not sure if that's what was causing your problem but Cydia seems fine for me now.
Then another 3 along the same lines..... so feck knows whats happening!
Thanks anyway
Not sure if anyone has said this already, but i'm pretty sure the reason everyone has such a battery drain problem with 3.1 is "Location Services" seems to be running all the time. Try opening google maps. hit the locate button. and watch how fast is zero's in on you. This used to take a little bit. I shut my location services off and i was back to normal on battery life. This was on a 3G, but i would imagine it's the same issue with 3GS. Could this be some requirement to make the nav programs work better or something?
Yeah the GPS is ridiculously fast.
I'll try shutting off location services and see if it helps my battery life.
I was considering restoring and setting up as new this afternoon..
hopefully we get JB soon
im scared to do anything potentially hazardous to the phone
deff dont want to lose JB for 3.1
must. be. patient..
^Did you let Cydia grab your files? If so you can now restore to FW3.0


text:
In the back yard of my Springfield home looking for red tomato's and I run across this creature a praying mantis. It's always nice to run into good bugs :)
Fall Friends
This story is inappropriate and should be flagged for moderation. Please choose from one of the following options: