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Struts Validator Framework Struts Validator Framework What is Struts Validator Framework
Struts Validator Framework Struts Validator Framework  ... Framework. In this lesson you will learn how to use Struts Validator Framework... to Validator Framework Struts Framework provides the functionality to validate the form
Fixed Value check using struts validator framework Fixed Value check using struts validator framework Hi All, can anyone tell me how to use struts validator framework for fixed value check. eg. country='India'; Thanks in advance
Struts Validator Framework - lab oriented lesson STRUTS-VALIDATOR FRAMEWORK R.S.Ramaswamy ( developeriq..Oct-2005... framework.In this first part, a simple struts demo with non-framework based... of Validator framework, with a lab-oriented lesson. Since its introduction in 2001
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Which is the good website for struts 2 tutorials? Which is the good website for struts 2 tutorials? Hi, After... for learning Struts 2. Suggest met the struts 2 tutorials good websites. Thanks Hi, Rose India website http://www.roseindia.net/struts/ is the good
Can you suggest any good book to learn struts Can you suggest any good book to learn struts Can you suggest any good book to learn struts
Struts Struts Tell me good struts manual
Struts - Struts Struts Is Action class is thread safe in struts? if yes, how it is thread safe? if no, how to make it thread safe? Please give me with good...://www.roseindia.net/struts/ Thanks
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struts ebook struts ebook please suggest a good ebook for struts>
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Struts 2 Integration with Struts 1 Struts 2 Integration with Struts 1 I want to integrate struts 2 with struts 1 existing application. Can you please help on how to go about this. I am not finding any good source to integrate struts 2 with struts 1 framework
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MVC - Struts MVC Can any one help me in good design of an struts MVC....tell me any e-book so that i can download from site
Hi good afternoon Hi good afternoon write a java program that Implement an array ADT with following operations: - a. Insert b. Delete c. Number of elements d. Display all elements e. Is Empty
HOW TO BECOME A GOOD PROGRAMMER HOW TO BECOME A GOOD PROGRAMMER I want to know how to become good programmer Hi Friend, Please go through the following link: CoreJava Tutorials Here you will get lot of examples with illustration where you can
Struts small complite project - Struts Struts small complite project I am a beginner in struts I want to do a project in Srtuts .can u please send me a small complete struts project . So that I can by taking the reference of that I can write good and effective
Java - Struts Java Hi Good Morning, This is chandra Mohan I have a problem in DispatchAction in Struts. How can i pass the method name in "action" and how can i map at in struts-config.xml; when i follow some guidelines
java - Struts java good morning sir.i have completed my mca at 2009.now i want to attend the inteviews (fake 1+/2+)is it possible to attend and which type of questiond they may ask.i have scjp and scwcd and good knowledge in struts,hibernate
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Struts 2 + Hibernate Struts 2 + Hibernate From where can i get good tutorial from integrating struts 2 with hibernate , which explains step by step procedure in integration and to build web applications
What is Struts? What is a Struts? Understand the Struts framework This article tells you "... are now preferring Struts based applications. Struts is good as it provides... based applications after learning the Struts Framework. What is Struts
Good Looking Java Charts and Graphs Good Looking Java Charts and Graphs Is there a java chart library that will generate charts and graphs with the quality of visifire or fusion charts? The JFreeChart graph quality is not professional looking. Unless it can
Good web services site - WebSevices Good web services site Hi can i get reference to the web services site, where i can get the complete web services for scratch. Hi Naresh, I guess u r in right place. I learn my self from roseindia. thanks
login application - Struts application using struts and database? Hello, Here is good example of Login and User Registration Application using Struts Hibernate and Spring. In this tutorial you will learn 1. Develop application using Struts 2. Write
RetDAO.java (part2) .. will give good points to everyone. Is this logic good? RetDAO.java (part2) .. will give good points to everyone. Is this logic good? public static int delete(Connection conn,String ret_id) throws Exception { st=conn.createStatement(); rs=st.executeQuery
RetDAO.java (part1) ..reference. Is this logic good? RetDAO.java (part1) ..reference. Is this logic good? public static int searchDelete(Connection conn,String ret_id) throws Exception { //System.out.println(ret_id); st=conn.createStatement
Integrate Struts, Hibernate and Spring Integrate Struts, Hibernate and Spring  ... are using one of the best technologies (Struts, Hibernate and Spring). This tutorial is very good if you want to learn the process of integrating these technologies
Struts 2.2.1 - Struts 2.2.1 Tutorial Struts 2.2.1 - Struts 2.2.1 Tutorial The Struts 2.2.1 framework is released... of Struts 2.2.1 framework. Struts 2.2.1 framework is based on MVC design... and can be used to develop Web 2.0 applications. Struts 2.2.1 framework
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Struts Struts what is SwitchAction in struts
Struts Struts how to learn struts
STRUTS STRUTS Request context in struts? SendRedirect () and forward how to configure in struts-config.xml
which data structure is good in java..? - Java Beginners which data structure is good in java..? Hi frends, Actually i... and vector ...etc........ i wanted to know, which technique is good to store... anyone give me good example how that best technique i can use in my programs
struts struts in industry, struts 1 and struts 2. which is the best? which is useful as a professuional Have a look at the following link: Struts Tutorials
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struts struts shopping cart project in struts with oracle database connection shopping cart project in struts with oracle database connection Have a look at the following link: Struts Shopping Cart using MySQL
Struts Struts When Submit a Form and while submit is working ,press the Refresh , what will happen in Struts
struts struts Hi what is struts flow of 1.2 version struts? i have struts applicatin then from jsp page how struts application flows Thanks Kalins Naik Please visit the following link: Struts Tutorial
Struts Articles , using the Struts Portlet Framework Having a good design...) framework, and has proven itself in thousands of projects. Struts was ground-breaking... on developing secure Web applications with the popular Java framework Struts
struts struts i have no any idea about struts.please tell me briefly about struts?** Hi Friend, You can learn struts from the given link: Struts Tutorials Thanks
struts struts how to write Dao to select data from the database
struts struts why doc type is not manditory in struts configuration file
Struts Struts Hi i am new to struts. I don't know how to create struts please in eclipse help me
struts struts Hi how struts flows from jsp page to databae and also using validation ? Thanks Kalins Naik
Struts Setter methods of form bean class in Struts applications who calls the setter methods of form bean class in struts applications
Struts Struts What is called properties file in struts? How you call the properties message to the View (Front End) JSP Pages
Struts Struts in struts I want two struts.xml files. Where u can specify that xml files location and which tag u specified
struts struts which is the best book to study struts on own? please tell me You can learn struts through the following books: 1)Programming Jakarta Struts By Chuck Cavaness 2)Professional Jakarta Struts By James Goodwill
Struts Struts How Struts is useful in application development? Where to learn Struts? Thanks Hi, Struts is very useful in writing web... performance Java web applications that runs on Java enabled application servers. Struts
mahesh want to know java with good understanding mahesh want to know java with good understanding I need to know about java beans(what are java beans,why we use java beans, etc...).I want an example program and it's output also.please teach me... Java Beans
struts struts how to start struts? Hello Friend, Please visit the following links: http://www.roseindia.net/struts/ http://www.roseindia.net... can easily learn the struts. Thanks
login controller.servlet file.. (good coding stuff for reference) login controller.servlet file.. (good coding stuff for reference) package com.tcs.ilp.controller; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import com.tcs.ilp.model.*; import java.sql.*; import java.io.IOException; import
Struts Struts Am newly developed struts applipcation,I want to know how to logout the page using the strus Please visit the following link: Struts Login Logout Application
struts struts hi i would like to have a ready example of struts using "action class,DAO,and services" for understanding.so please guide for the same. thanks Please visit the following link: Struts Tutorials
Struts Struts 1)in struts server side validations u are using programmatically validations and declarative validations? tell me which one is better ? 2) How to enable the validator plug-in file
Struts - Struts Struts for beginners struts for beginners example
Struts Books ; Struts Books Struts is an open-source framework...++, Struts is well poised to become the framework for web application development... building large-scale web applications. The Struts Framework: Practical
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struts struts Hi,... please help me out how to store image in database(mysql) using struts
struts struts how to generate bar code for continuous numbers in a loop using struts ... or atleast for a given number
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Tags Alignemnt - Struts to get good look and feel UI. Any help will be appriciated. Thanks in advance
STRUTS STRUTS 1)Have you used struts tag libraries in your application? 2)What are the various types of tag libraries in struts? Elaborate each of them? 3)How can you implement custom tag libraries in your application
struts struts Hi, Here my quation is can i have more than one validation-rules.xml files in a struts application
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STRUTS STRUTS 1) Difference between Action form and DynaActionForm? 2) How the Client request was mapped to the Action file? Write the code and explain
STRUTS STRUTS Validation: user entered as 123.34567 I want the value as 123.34 once the user submits. How you will validate
struts technologies like servlets, jsp,and struts. i am doing one struts application where i... the following links: http://www.roseindia.net/struts/StrutsCustomValidator.shtml http://www.roseindia.net/struts/addressstrutsvalidator.shtml http
Struts Struts What is Struts? Hi hriends, Struts is a web page development framework and an open source software that helps developers build web applications quickly and easily. Struts combines Java Servlets, Java Server
struts struts i have one textbox for date field.when i selected date from datecalendar then the corresponding date will appear in textbox.i want code for this in struts.plz help me
Struts Alternative and widely used framework, but there exists the alternative to the struts framework... to the struts framework. Struts Alternatives: Cocoon... of conflicts. Swing Jakarta Struts is a framework
Struts Struts why in Struts ActionServlet made as a singleton what is the specific reason how it useful in the webapplication development? Basically in Struts we have only Two types of Action classes. 1.BaseActions
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Struts Struts Why struts rather than other frame works? Struts is used into web based enterprise applications. Struts2 cab be used with Spring... by the application. There are several advantages of Struts that makes it popular
struts struts Hi, i am writing a struts application first of all i am takeing one registration form enter the data into fileld that will be saved perfectly. but now i can apply some validations to that entry details but with out
struts struts how to handle exception handling in struts reatime projects? can u plz send me one example how to deal with exception? can u plz send me how to develop our own exception handling
using displaytag with struts2 - Struts using displaytag with struts2 Hi, i am using struts2 framework.... Now, no doubt that struts2 is a very powerful framework to develop any... that it is not so good specially when i have used displaytag, but using displaytag
struts the checkbox.i want code in struts
Struts - Struts Struts hi sir Is it necessary to learn struts 1 for struts 2.with out struts 1 cant we learn struts 2.x.presently i want to learn struts.i know little bit abt struts 1.x.presently which struts version is using in industry


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Do You Believe in Soul Mates?
Does everyone have one someone out there?
The definition of a soul mate varies: Great authors and poets, psychologists and scientists, and lovers describe the concept as anything from a biochemical process to a gift from destiny…or even a connection from a past life.
Whatever school of thought you buy into, a surprising number of us believe in soul mates. In a survey by the Rutgers University National Marriage Project, 94 percent of those aged 20 to 29 said that when they marry, they want their mate to be their soul mate, first and foremost. This may be the idealism of youth, but it's interesting that so many of us start out with the soul-mate intention.
Just a few decades ago, and certainly for centuries earlier, the idea of marrying for true love was all but unheard of. Finding a man who would be able to provide for a family was the compelling reason many of our grandmothers married. Women in the Middle Ages were married off by their families for social and financial purposes, which made marriage more of a business deal than an affair of the heart. Cavemen and cavewomen paired off to keep the species going as a sort of biological imperative.
Throughout much of history, marriage came first and love followed later. At least that's what was hoped. However, just as we evolve as a species, so does the institution of marriage continue to transform itself. Today, people wait longer to marry, and they leave marriages they don't feel are working. Women make the choice to have a career and a family or maybe never to marry at all. We follow our hearts, instead of adhering to notions of duty and neatly carved-out roles.
No doubt, love and marriage is more complicated than it used to be, but I think it's finding — and waiting for — the right person that allows marriage to live up to its full promise.
Call it soul mates, call it what you will, but I believe you know when you've met someone who resonates with you on a very basic level. I was the ultimate skeptic until I met my husband. As a therapist, I thought it was simply romantic or fantastical thinking to believe that you could know instantly if someone was right for you. Then it happened to me.
I'm not saying that there is just one person out there for each of us. In fact, I think timing is a big player in the search for love. It seems to happen when you've figured out your priorities, both in your own life and in what you seek in another, that Cupid sends his invisible arrow your way: You often haven't been expecting it, and your beloved may not be exactly what you imagined either!
Everyone has deal breakers when looking for the ideal mate. The key is staying true to what's important to you, while being flexible about the little things. You shouldn't settle for someone who looks good on paper but with whom you have no chemistry. Likewise, carrying around a list of ten highly specific qualities will only act as armor against any love arrows coming your way. In the end, we all have to kiss a few frogs to find our prince. But he's worth waiting for.

subset: commoncrawl


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Lauren Nale, of Reedsville, and Ethan Kibe, of Milroy, are engaged to be married on June 14, 2013, in Cape Hatteras, N.C.
She is the daughter of Kristine Nale and the late Charles Nale. She is a 2008 graduate of Indian Valley High School and attends Penn State University, majoring in science.
He is the son of Sandy and Doc Frankhouser. He is a 2008 graduate of Indian Valley High School and 2012 graduate of Penn State University. He is employed as a bear bio tech with the Pennsylvania Game Commission.
Article Photos
Lauren Nale and Ethan Kibe


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Strong violence, blood and gore, sex scene and coarse language
Director: | Dean Francis |
Actors: | Xavier Samuel, Bob Morley, Georgina Haig, Sophie Lowe |
Four young friends on a camping adventure in the outback are chased and deliberately run off the highway by the Road Train - a massive and unrelenting two-trailer truck. Stranded amongst the wreckage of the near fatal crash, their only option is to approach the Road Train, now standing parked in the near distance. But the driver's seat is empty and the truck appears abandoned. When gunshots break the silence they commandeer the monstrous vehicle and take to the road. They soon discover that what lies inside the trailers will prove more terrifying than anything they've experienced. The next town is only three hours away but the next town is somewhere they might never reach. Intense and action packed, ROAD TRAIN is a trip into madness and murder. Take a journey on the highway to hell.
Status: | QuickPick |
Run time: | 90mins |
Origin: | AUSTRALIA |
Aspect Ratio: | 16:9 |
Run Time: | 90mins |
File Size (Approx): | 0.8 GB |


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Blackburn Airtower 1 Silver Floor Pump
The AT-1 may be light on your wallet, but it's loaded with features. Like a bombproof steel barrel and all-new reinforced nylon base that's 240% stiffer than it's predecessor. And a new ergonomic T-handle has integrated storage drawers on both ends.
Oversize/overweight charge applies to this item


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$100 million more thrown at Palm, for what?
Elevation Partners is dumping another $100 million into Palm, the erstwhile leader in mobile computing, as The Wall Street Journal reports. This seems like such an obvious case of throwing good money after bad that it's almost unfathomable.
Palm is all but dead. I don't relish this fact, but there it is. There used to be two groups on the planet that persisted in using Palm devices: Zack Urlocker and Red Hat employees. Zack, because he's a retro sort of "if it works why switch?" sort of guy, and Red Hat because its internal IT … Read more


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Anchor Kits & Canvases
http://www.makeitcoats.com/en-gb/explore/embroidery/anchor/kits-canvasFor over 135 years, our kits and canvas have long been the leader in innovation and design.
Offering over 1000 different projects and launching around 300 new kits and Canvas designs every year, across different techniques and skill levels. Anchor is the reference of high quality kits with great designs, easy instructions, good quality fabrics and, of course, the excellent quality of Anchor embroidery threads. With Anchor you will enjoy every stitch and be permanently challenged with new and innovative projects.


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To connect with Catholic youth, pope goes digital
Ever gotten a text message from the pope? Well, to commemorate the Catholic Church's annual World Youth Day this July, thousands of young Catholics in Australia will be able to say that they did.
"We wanted to make (World Youth Day 2008) a unique experience by using new ways to connect with today's tech-savvy youth," Bishop Anthony Fisher of the Archdiocese of Sydney said in a statement provided to Reuters on Wednesday. Pope Benedict XVI will be in Sydney for the six-day celebration, which starts on July 15, and Australian youth will be able to connect … Read more


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Plasti-Dip RULES, all hands Down!
By Tony Vazquez
from Rensselaer, NY
See all my reviews
Best Uses
Comments about 14-1/2 Oz. Plasti Dip® - Red:
I've used this for making drumstick grips, and I've never dropped my sticks ever since; also adds weight to the grip end so I can play faster.I've also used this for coating and painting custom-made action figure parts, model kits, toy repairs, and making flexible molds for casting resin toy parts... I've even cast small solid objects made of Plasti-Dip by letting it air-dry for several days inside a silicone mold.You can't go wrong with this product.
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By: Samuel Vanga | Read Comments (5) | Related Tips: More > Triggers |
I have a trigger created on a table which will fire when either an INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE statements are executed against the table. I want to suppress the trigger from firing for a particular statement while it remains in its normal execution state for any of the other statements. Is there any way this can be done dynamically?
Disabling a trigger is something that you may need to do at certain times especially when performing admin tasks on a table. The best way to accomplish this is to use the following command to completely disable a trigger.
ALTER TABLE Table_Name DISABLE TRIGGER Trigger_Name |
The trigger once disabled will not fire until it is enabled again. To enable the trigger you use the following code:
ALTER TABLE Table_Name ENABLE TRIGGER Trigger_Name |
However, if you want to disable the trigger only for a particular statement there is no default mechanism to do this unless you develop your own programmatic approach. Using this kind of approach disables the trigger only for a specific statement while the trigger continues to fire for any of the other statements that hit the server at the same time.
Even though there are different ways to do it, the main logic lies in passing some kind of signal to the trigger that you do not want the trigger to fire.
Using a Temp Table
The simplest way to accomplish this is to create a temporary table before you execute the statement that would fire the trigger. Now the trigger will check for the existence of the temporary table and if the temporary table exists the trigger will return and not execute the code, else it will execute its code as normal.
To see how it works, run the following statements to create a table and a trigger.
USE AdventureWorks; |
If you do not want the trigger to fire for a statement, let the trigger know by creating the the temporary table in your statement.
CREATE TABLE #Disable(ID INT) |
You will notice that the INSERT statement did not fire the trigger and since the temporary table that was created is local to the session the trigger cannot be bypassed by any of the other sessions.
This works fine, but having to use the Tempdb database to create a temp table and then drop the temp table causes overhead which can be avoided. Using
Context_Info( )
Another way of accomplishing the task is to use the Context Info of the session. Context Info is a variable which belongs to the session. Its value can be changed using SET Context_Info
The trigger will mostly look like this:
USE AdventureWorks; |
If you want to prevent the trigger from being executed you can do the following:
SET Context_Info 0x55555 |
Before issuing the INSERT statement, the context info is set to a value. In the trigger, we are first checking if the value of context info is the same as the value declared. If yes, the trigger will simply return without executing its code, otherwise the trigger will fire.
Next Steps
Tuesday, September 30, 2008 - 11:31:26 AM - sandeepbattina | Read The Tip |
wonderful article,really helpful |
Wednesday, October 01, 2008 - 11:39:47 AM - Mstarr | Read The Tip |
Great tip: didn't know about user-definable Context_Info. Cheers |
Thursday, September 09, 2010 - 2:31:13 PM - Kamlesh | Read The Tip |
Can we alter trigger on a linked server. and also is context_info() value will be available on linked server |
Tuesday, March 20, 2012 - 9:26:05 AM - hrishikesh | Read The Tip |
Great Article...It really helped me solving my problem. |
Wednesday, March 28, 2012 - 10:30:35 AM - Helio | Read The Tip |
Great!! Thanks from Portugal. |
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Definition of Posix in English:
Line breaks: PosixPronunciation: /ˈpɒsɪks
- A set of formal descriptions that provide a standard for the design of operating systems, especially ones which are compatible with Unix.More example sentences
- If the community can sort out some issues between Linux and Posix, the user community may choose to adopt those interfaces, but they will vote with their feet not in a consortium.
- QNX is also Posix compliant, so there is lots of software that almost works under it.
- Carrier-grade features to be added include support for Posix compliant threading, diskless blade systems, improved systems responsiveness, and advanced debugging and systems analysis.
1980s: from the initial letters of portable operating system + -ix suggested by Unix.


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Definition of lymphatic system in English:
lymphatic system
Line breaks: lymph|at¦ic sys¦temnoun
- The network of vessels through which lymph drains from the tissues into the blood.More example sentences
- Cancer cells will eventually invade deeper tissues and may spread into blood vessels and the lymphatic system, where they can be carried to distant sites.
- The extracellular fluid, which enters the lymphatic system of vessels, will have mononuclear white blood cells added to it as the fluid is filtered through lymph nodes, which produce such cells.
- The lymphatic system is a network of very fine vessels or tubes called lymphatics that drain lymph from all over the body.


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saliva sa·li·va (sə-lī'və)
The watery mixture of secretions from the salivary and oral mucous glands that lubricates chewed food, moistens the oral walls, and contains ptyalin.
saliva (sə-lī'və) Pronunciation Key
The watery fluid that is secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands. In many animals, including humans, it contains the enzyme amylase, which breaks down carbohydrates. Saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates food for swallowing, and various proteins and mineral salts. Some special chemicals occur in the saliva of other animals, such as anticoagulants in the saliva of mosquitoes. |
The fluid produced by the secretions of the salivary glands. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestion of starches. It also moistens the mouth tissues and makes food easier to chew and swallow.


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Measuring Success
Posted on Sep 25, 2009
Posted on Sep 21, 2009
A couple of years ago I came to an interesting realization — I could not remember a single one hour meeting that really needed to take one hour. Sure, we would fill the time. But the content didn't really warrant one hour. In subsequent meetings I tried to focus on where the time was going and learned that it wasn't just that the meetings went on long after they were over. I also noted that the people in charge of the meetings (in my case, the auditors who were presenting their work to me for review) weren't entirely sure what it was they were trying to say. It was if they were using the meeting to organize their thoughts.
continue reading...Posted on Sep 14, 2009
I've been on vacation for a number of days and now it's Monday. Somehow, my thoughts turned to the people the frustrate us all. For your enjoyment, a series of quotes about those less intelligent than the rest of us.
continue reading...Posted on Sep 8, 2009
If social networks are a peek into something new (see my previous post), then the only way I know to figure it out is to go ahead and play along. Toward that end, I need your help. I've set up a Twitter account that you can follow here. (Don't ask about that name — it's a long story.) I'm in Los Angeles this week, starting with work, then going to Disney's D23 convention (a fan thing). For this week, I'll use Twitter to try and tie together the different pieces — work, business, auditing, Disney (It's a Small Audit after all). We'll see how that works.
continue reading...


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Shock (cont.) Medical Author:
Benjamin Wedro, MD, FACEP, FAAEM
Benjamin Wedro, MD, FACEP, FAAEMDr. Ben Wedro practices emergency medicine at Gundersen Clinic, a regional trauma center in La Crosse, Wisconsin. His background includes undergraduate and medical studies at the University of Alberta, a Family Practice internship at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario and residency training in Emergency Medicine at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Medical Editor:
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical EditorMelissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. IN THIS ARTICLE
Shock SymptomsShock is defined as abnormal metabolism at the cellular level. Since it is not easy to directly measure cellular problems, the symptoms of shock are indirect measurements of cellular function. Shock is the end stage of all diseases, and symptoms will often be dependant on the underlying cause. Vital signs As the patient goes through the various stages of shock, vital signs change. In the early stages, the body tries to compensate by moving fluids around from within cells to the blood stream with an attempt to maintain blood pressure in a normal range. However, there may be a slight rise in the heart rate (tachycardia = tachy or fast + cardia or heart). For example, donating blood. A unit of blood (or about 10% of the bloods volume) is removed, yet the body compensates well, except for a little lightheadedness, which is often resolved by drinking fluids. Another example is exercising and forgetting to drink enough fluids and feeling a little tired at the end of the day. As the body loses the ability to compensate, the breathing rate gets faster and the tachycardia increases as the body tries to pack as much oxygen onto the remaining red blood cells as possible and deliver them to the cells. Unfortunately, blood pressure starts to drop (hypotension=hypo or low + tension= pressure) as compensation mechanisms fail. Body function Cells don't receive enough oxygen and the organs that they comprise begin to fail. All organs may be affected.
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Shock, Distributive »
Shock is defined as a clinical syndrome due to inadequate tissue perfusion that results in end-organ dysfunction.


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Friday, December 30, 2005
Saying Valparaiso's defense showed up on Friday evening at the Athletics-Recreation Center would be an understatement as the Crusaders held UMKC to just 20.4% shooting on the way to a 65-31 victory to open the Mid-Continent Conference schedule.Copyright ©2014 Valparaiso University Athletics. All Rights Reserved. | www.ValpoAthletics.com |


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May 8, 2013 | Posted by: roboblogger | Full story: WTOP-FM Washington
A bipartisan immigration bill pending in the Senate would strengthen the Social Security trust fund by adding millions of workers to tax rolls, and provide a boost to the overall economy, according to an analysis Wednesday by the Social Security Administration.
Judged: 1 1 |
Judged: 1 1 1 Once you have a taste of truthful reporting you never go back to mainstream contrived corporate media. These hosts bash Republicans and Democrats equally because they know both sides are illuminati bought puppets out to screw us. Give alternative news sources a chance before you knock them. Download these shows to your MP3 players and listen on your way to work or whatever. All you need from mainstream media is breaking news and traffic/weather. You can listen to all these shows on your smart phone as well. Exposes US Gov Corruption and Global Wide Illuminati Plots http://rss.infowars.com/Alex.rss https://www.youtube.com/watch... (Skip around, you'll learn something useful) Exposes Wallstreet and absolutely teaches you how to protect your money from the crooked banksters http://www.philsgang.com/pgfreeshowarchives.a... Exposes Secret/Ancient Knowledge Suppressed In Modern History Books and suppressed medical cures/prevention for diseases like cancer, etc. This guy is a medical doctor. http://www.soundwaves2000.com/radio_liberty/ Often Exposes NASA Disinformation and Possible Offworld Intelligence -Search "Coast to Coast 2012 Shows" on Youtube and listen or use downloader -This is one way /Or get a CC Witness radio and record AM from your local affiliate. There is CIA disinfo injected from some of the guests but you learn how to identify it after a while by researching the guests' backgrounds. The hosts are simply great. http://www.youtube.com/user/C2CVAULT... Connects Bible Predictions/Prophecy to Modern Day Events -How Illuminati uses bible prophecy to plan false flag disasters eg. earthquakes, etc. There could also be some CIA brainwashing here as well from some of the guest lecturers but they give a heads up of what to look out for/predict down the road. The host does a good job of teaching about the bible and does not fear political correctness. http://www.thegospel.com/clients/the-prophecy... These radio hosts should do a show together or at least make guest appearences on each others shows. They all value truth and liberty in their own way. Here's my take on it. Don't be afraid to speak out as we are all on some type of list by now: http://www.topix.com/forum/news/immigration/T... You have to understand that free speech on the net is about to be clamped down on in America.-mainland China style. |
Important -Search "They Live moment of revelation" on Youtube if the above clip stops working. If this was real what would you do? If there were really aliens that saw us as dumb expendable animals would you just sit back and take their abuse. Would it make any difference if "they" were a small group of people known as the illuminati? The movie "They Live" made in the 1980's predicted everything that has happened and will probably come to pass in terms of citizen surveillance, drones, and psychological warfare in America. Watch the whole movie. The same thing that happened to Nazi Germany when the citizenry embraced Nazism is happening to us. The populace was dumbed down and manipuated by the illuminati and their bought out politicians and media into being a prideful yet mindless war machine. When the illuminati were done with Germany they were left a defeated, bankrupt and villified nation. No one gives a crap today when the German people say they were lead astray by their bought out politicians. The world is simply glad that in the end they got what they deserved. America is heading down the same path. We used to be the beacon of freedom to the world but now our country has become a modern day Nazi Germany war machine starting unprovoked wars across the globe. Many people now spit at us when we visit their countries like we are villains. If and when we are weakened internally/financially to the point that we leave ourselves open to military attack by countries like Russia and China people will cheer our demise. We have become the bad guys because we presently ALLOW a psychopathic offshore banking cartel to run our country through bought off politicians. http://www.youtube.com/watch... That Three Stooges clip sums up the illuminatis mindset very well -our last few Presidents have acted just like dictators. Occupy Wall Street was started by the illuminati to weaken America and take the focus off them when the global economic collapse occurs. It then got out of control because people started focusing in on the private Federal Reserve. Now the illuminati is trying to clamp down on this movement because citizens are focusing on them and they are extremely nervous. Wallstreet and the banks are a symptom of a greater problem. There is nothing wrong with capitalism or corporations however what we now have is crony capitalism, not true capitalism. We must swarm Washington DC and the 12 Federal Reserve Bank locations in the U.S. with massive demonstrations if we are going to take our country back. Any Occupy Wallstreet movement outside of Washington DC or the 12 Federal Reserve Bank locations is a distraction designed to keep the movement fractionalized. We must occupy the main problem, not the symptoms. Never take freedom for granted. If you love America defend it today by getting informed and taking this country back for Americans. We WILL prevail because Americans aren't going to put up with this shit any longer. The time is now. This one show explains everything going on. It will change your life when you see how the mainstream media is manipulating us like cattle using the political Left Vs Right paradigm. Download the podcasts and listen. http://rss.infowars.com/Alex.rss http://www.youtube.com/watch... This is our reality: http://www.infowars.com/leaked-u-s-army-docum... http://www.infowars.com/pentagon-launches-des... Here's my take on it. Don't be afraid to speak out as we are all on some type of list by now: http://www.topix.com/forum/news/immigration/T... You have to understand that free speech on the net is about to be clamped down on in America -mainland China style. Get the sunglasses and spread the word before it's too late. Learn to spot/ignore government paid trolls. |
Judged: 1 1 Not true, the Nazi party -National Socialist German Workers' Party- were radical leftist socialists engaging in eugenics like the corrupt criminals we have running the foreign banker owned federal government today. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Party http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/eugeni... They believed anyone that was not genetic perfection should be terminated. If you were old, had medical problems, or were a little slow at childhood you were not fit to live or get any medical help when needed. And yes,they had end of life death pannels for elderly and many others. That sounds like Obamacare to me. Ask Canadians or Brits how they like their radical socialist health care. That's why they often came to the US for medical treatments. States need to opt out. Looking now how broad it is, Obamacare was a covert dismantling and re-write of our constitution. It opens the door to pure tyranny. http://www.topix.com/forum/news/immigration/T... Obama knows the immigration bill won't pass. He only put it out there before the midterm elections so fiscal conervatives and libertarians would block it and make them look "racist." Obama is the only race-baiter here offering this idiotic and insane carrot on a stick. |
Judged: 1 1 The (APA) DSM-V is the future version of the Mein Kampf. Bombs and bullets will be replaced with mind drugs and psychotherapy (false memory) in future generations. That's certainly what Aldus Huxley predicted with his fictional Soma and it came true |
Judged: 1 1 |
Both parties suck for the same reason; they are the same. |
Since: Mar 09 7,304 The Left Coast |
Will this be like obamacare, we add 10 million people to the roles and we all save money?
"i hope we can change this!" Since: Aug 08 14,712 usa |
it'll be like obamacare in more than just that way... this too will be shoved down the throats of a nation that doesn't want it. |
sureeee, will help SS kinda like rubbing salt in an open cut helps the pain. just 30million plus more on SSI rolls without having put a red cent into the system.
how is immigration helping SS? That is a stupid statement. About 80 percent will not take a job that holds out taxe, SS and medicare. Some one has his head stuck in the sand.
Judged: 1 1 1 Why would illegal aliens become a U.S. citizen? They won't, illegal aliens LOVE their status. No taxes to pay but reap all the benefits. The illegal alien that works for my company quit her job and went on welfare. Paid for by the American taxpayer. She may have a 2nd grade education but now who is the smart one? Dumasss Americans are paying and will do so FOREVER! |
Judged: 1 What's the worst that could happen right? |
Judged: 1 1 |
it aint easy being poopy
combat wombat reporting for duty !
Judged: 1 How is this muslim manchurian candidate not impeached yet? |
"Work hard at work worth doing." Since: Apr 11 10,746 Location hidden |
More lies to support an inane agenda.
"Work hard at work worth doing." Since: Apr 11 10,746 Location hidden |
People who will make peanuts will not contribute much.
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Ted Cruz wants feds to stop meddling in same-se... | 26 min | Moral Truth | 586 |
Driver's licenses for illegal immigrants | 5 hr | Jose | 2 |
Boomers' financial outlook darkens as retiremen... (May '13) | 23 hr | we pork bumpkins | 4 |
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Dummy Image
3.0.0 (last update on Apr 27, 2012)
GPLv2 or later
Free Download
13 March 2010
Editor's Note
- This extension requires registration to download.
It allows you to develop, prototype, design and/or test the usage of images in your web site quickly. The Dummy Image Plugin helps you speed up the process of setting up a layout for your Joomla site, including images. Dummy Image Plugin is available either as a Joomla 1.5 or Joomla 1.6 native extension.
The tag {dummyimage 250:150} will be replaced with an image with the dimensions of 250 x 150px, using the default color, border and text options as set in the Plugin Parameters.
Tag Options:
# width (number): set the Image width in pixels
# height (number): set the Image height in pixels
# color (number, optional, default: 999999): set the Image background-color
# bordercolor (number, optional, default: 000000): set the Border color
# bordersize (number, optional, default: 2): set the Border size in pixels
# fontsize (number, optional, default: 12): set the Text size in pixels
# fontcolor (number, optional, default: 000000): set the Text color
Using the color settings in the Plugin Parameters will help you test the images in your site in a basic color scheme that matches your template.
Been using the dummy image plugin to put mock content into a new website I've been working on this week. Very simple to configure and use... it's been invaluable so far.
Wishlist: being able to specify a value for the align tag of the resulting image (e.g. right, absmiddle, etc).
Wishlist: being able to specify a value for the align tag of the resulting image (e.g. right, absmiddle, etc).


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Along with Health Care for America Now, Public Campaign Action Fund announced a new report today: "Insurers Pursuing Billions in Medicare Profits Make Big Contributions to Candidates Backing Ryan Budget," which details the huge amount of campaign cash flowing to supporters of the Ryan plan, and how those interests benefit.
An op-ed in the Huffington Post today by Health Care For America Now Executive Director, Ethan Rome, illustrates how major health insurance companies saw their profits soar as they "charged more and provided less" in the last few years.


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Business type: Technology - Manufacturer ×
Keyword: industrial waste recycling ×
Industry: Agriculture ×
Location: USA ×
Location: California ×
Macpresse Europa S.R.L
Macpresse International is an Italian company headquartered in Vernate (Milan). Macpresse has been designing and installing recovery facilities for recycling secondary scrap materials for over 40 years. Macpresse provides scrap-handling solutions in the following sectors: recovery of first/secondary materials, processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial ...
Oxford Instruments Industrial Analysis
Oxford Instruments is a leading provider of desktop, portable, and handheld instruments used by industrial customers for quality control and materials identification. The Oxford Instrument industrial analysis portfolio includes Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) ...
WEIMA Maschinenbau GmbH
WEIMA is a leading manufacturer of size reduction equipment (single-shaft and four-shaft-shredders, and briquette presses) for all types of applications for 27 years for customers in the wood, plastics, paper, metal, and recycling industries among others from all over the world. The company has a workforce of around 170 employees worldwide and sales locations in France, ...
ThermoEnergy Corporation
ThermoEnergy is an integrated technologies company engaged in the worldwide development and sales of sustainable technologies for wastewater recovery and reuse. The company's water division is a leading provider of custom designed, turn-key systems for wastewater treatment and reuse, chemical/metals recovery, and water conservation. ThemoEnergy`s CAST® and RCAST ...
Amandus Kahl GmbH & Co. KG
Our traditional markets are the basic food and animal feed technology, the sugar industry, the food and nutrient industry, and the chemical industry. KAHL is one of the leading manufacturers of plants for conditioning biomass, wood, straw, waste tyres, sewage sludge, plastics scrap as well as domestic and industrial waste. More than 130 years of experience in plant and ...
PRECIMECA Environnement
PRECIMECA designs and manufactures waste shredders since 1972. Specialists of solid waste shredders, industrial waste shredders, and leaders in tyre shredders field with installations all over the world to make Tyre Derived Fuel (TDF) or granulates (recycling rubber from tyres).
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Pure Aqua, Inc. is a leading manufacturer and wholesale distributor of water treatment and commercial water purification systems. We offer a wide range of pre-engineered as well as custom engineered solutions for all water purification needs. Water Treatment Products by Pure Aqua, Inc.: Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis, Sea Water Reverse Osmosis, Double Pass Reverse ...
PEL Waste Reduction Equipment
PEL is a manufacturer of bottle crushers, cardboard and plastic balers, bin compactors and oil filter crushers. PEL delivers innovative waste handling solutions. An Irish manufacturer with over 15 years experience supplying the hospitality, retail, corporate and industrial sectors PEL products are used by our customers Ireland, UK, Europe, Asia, Australia & USA. We pride ...
Schutte-Buffalo Hammermill, LLC
Schutte-Buffalo Hammermill, LLC manufactures a full line of size reduction equipment including hammer mills, lumpb reakers, laboratory mills, wood grinders, and more, in sizes for every application. From individual machines to fully engineered systems, Schutte-Buffalo Hammermill provides the equipment, service, and support you need to get the job done.
AMCON Inc.
AMCON Inc., team of professionals of dewatering, provides rich variety dewatering equipment from low priced micro compact dewatering equipment to high-capacity king-size dewatering equipment to meet your request.


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Canon 16x Manual Servo Zoom Lens for XL1 & XL2 Camcorders
Manufacturer: Canon Part number: 7122A002
$1,449.99 at 1 online store
- CNET Editor rating: Not yet rated
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- More product information:
- User reviews
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- Description:
- Canon is an industry leader in professional and consumer imaging equipment and information systems. Canon's extensive product line enables businesses and consumers worldwide to capture, store and distribute visual information. Canon provides a wide range of accessories that are fully tested and 100% compliant with the corresponding equipment. All accessories are noted for their high reliability and superior quality. ... Read more
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store | customer rating | inventory | tax & shipping | price |
| In stock | Enter zip code to get total price: Price +Tax +Shipping =Total price | as of 03/07/2014 |
*Total price for the Canon 16x Manual Servo Zoom Lens for XL1 & XL2 ... are estimated and may vary slightly based on exact tax, shipping, manufacturer rebate or any sale/promotion on the merchant site.


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CAT Footwear Men's Jeret Mid Casual Shoes
Caterpillar collaborated with menswear designer Johnny Diamandis for the unique, Americana-inspired CAT Footwear Men's Jeret Mid Casual Shoes. A mid-height upper made from full grain leather with a buckle detail at the back looks great with your favorite old pair of Levis. Lined with canvas for comfort and breathability, this leather sneaker has a removable EVA foam insole for cushion and a durable rubber outsole for traction. From the runways of Paris to the streets of Philly, the CAT Jeret Mid Shoes for men live up to the rugged, working-man style of CAT.
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Purchase the CAT Footwear Jeret Mid Casual Shoes for Men from Altrec.com. All order totals over $45 qualify for free ground shipping.
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A collection of news and information related to Dainius Zubrus published by this site and its partners.
Top Dainius Zubrus Articles
Displaying items 12-14
Shanahan taking job seriously
Story | Oct 5, 2011 | 8:47 PMThe Stanley Cup has been hugged, kissed and photographed thousands of times and dented at least once since June, when the Bruins defeated the Canucks to win their first championship since 1972. Fixing the damage caused when the Cup fell off a table was... -
Devils drop Penguins
Chicago Blackhawks defeat New Jersey Devils 3-2 in OT
Story | Mar 28, 2009This time, Martin Brodeur was left watching a celebration. After getting a firsthand look at history and the festivities that followed the last time they faced the New Jersey goaltender, the Blackhawks were determined not to let it happen again. The...


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Review: photo2video plus turns your photos and clips into short videos on iOS
photo2video is designed to convert photos into videos on your iPhone, and while the final result often looks good, there are some bumps in the road between snapping and rendering. The app's interface is the biggest drawback here, with unlabeled buttons, no clear tutorial, and a messy layout that can be confusing.
When you load the app, there will be a lot of options onscreen but the core of the app is built around snapping photos and adding them to a timeline for your video. This makes it easy to take time lapse photos for a short photo-based video … Read more


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Do Production Employees Engage in Emotional Labour?
File | Size | Format | |
50176_1.pdf | 136Kb | Adobe PDF | View |
Title | Do Production Employees Engage in Emotional Labour? |
Author | Townsend, Keith John |
Editor | Russell Lansbury, Bradon Ellem |
Year Published | 2008 |
Publisher | Sage |
Citation | Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 50(1), pp. 175-180 |
Peer Reviewed | Yes |
Published | Yes |
Publisher URI | http://online.sagepub.com/ |
Alternative URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607085701 |
Copyright Statement | Copyright 2008 SAGE Publications. This is the author-manuscript version of the paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher.Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version. |
Research Centre | Centre for Work, Organisation and Wellbeing |
Faculty | Griffith Business School |
Publication Type | Journal Articles (Refereed Article) |
Please use this identifier to cite this record: http://hdl.handle.net/10072/26548
Griffith University copyright notice
Copyright in individual works within the repository belongs to their authors or publishers. You may make a print or digital copy of a work for your personal non-commercial use. All other rights are reserved, except for fair dealings or other user rights granted by the copyright laws of your country.


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Rodriguez leads Hidalgo County District Attorney's raceWhen early voting results were released after polls closed at 7 p.m., Rodriguez had a lead in the race...04 March 2014Read More...
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MISSION — Sharyland Independent School District board members decided not to pursue open enrollment during their recent board meeting.
"Sharyland's a school community. People come here basically for the schools," said SISD Superintendent Scott Owings.
At a previous board meeting, officials discussed open enrollment and charging tuition based on the difference the state would give for an enrolled student and what the district actually pays for a student's education.
Owings said he was looking at an alternative income source, but after researching, decided that it would not be a good idea. He added that most of the district's schools are crowded and did not want to investigate open enrollment any further. The board agreed that at this time, open enrollment should not be considered.
In other items, officials discussed a recent grant the district received. The school received an energy grant from the state for up to $1 million. The money is actual federal money that is being fed through the State Energy Conservation Office. The grant is for a Solar PV Project that would place 714 solar panel modules on the Sharyland High School roof.
The actual amount awarded was $900,000 and SISD would have to pay almost $180,000. The price includes a five-year service and maintenance plan and installation. SISD would need to fix minor roof repairs before installation could begin.
It's unclear if installation would void the roof warranty, which is only two years old. A representative assured board members that could be worked out with the insurer. There were also no true figures of savings.
Rough estimates presented said the district currently pays about 11 cents per watt and the solar energy would take that cost down to 6.44 per watt or less. With those figures, Owings said it could take up to seven years for the district to recoup from what they have to pay for it.
Other concerns included possible hailstorm or a hurricane destroying panels and what the insurance would be to cover instances such as that, and what would happen if there were a loss of electricity.
The school board did not make a final decision. They want more information about the total costs involved including insurance and costs of operating.
In other business, the construction of the 400 and AEP buildings are on schedule and should be completed by the end of June. The drainage project is also on schedule with a lot of work planned for the summer months.
The board also approved the district to apply for a waiver for low attendance days during the hard freeze earlier this year. Attendance was down by more than 10 percent at four schools. On Feb. 3, SISD had an 88.61 percent attendance rate compared to 96.6 the previous year.
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The Progress Times is the hometown newspaper for the local communities of Mission, Sharyland, Alton, Palmview, La Joya and surrounding areas in Western Hidalgo County. We have a staff of veteran reporters who work diligently every week to bring our readers the latest news as it affects their hometown area and people.
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Browse Items (37 total)
Chicken Plucker - choreographic innovation
The Chicken Plucker routine created by Bill Shymkus appeared in the October 1957 issue of Sets in Order; the same issue contained ads for the new record release by Lee Helsel. This routine is considered by caller and historian Jim Mayo as "a very…
Tags: Bill Shymkus, Chicken Plucker, Jim Mayo
The Beginnings of Modern Square Dancing - Jim Mayo
Article by Jim Mayo looking at the transition from traditional to modern square dancing, a short version of the ideas presented at length in his book.
Visit with the Legends, 2010
Each year's CALLERLAB convention includes a History / Heritage / Tradition session. For several years, this has been titled "Visit with the Legends," at which MWSD callers with long history share stories from their careers.
Johnny Wedge,…
Johnny Wedge,…
Tags: Cal Golden, CALLERLAB, Jim Mayo, Marshall Flippo, Wade Driver
Jim Mayo - CALLERLAB history
In a presentation from a CALLERLAB History / Heritage / Tradition session in 2005, Jim Mayo recounts some of the events that led up to the founding of that organization in 1974. He discusses how square dance choreography changed from the common Goal…
Fiddle Faddle square dance called by Jim Mayo
Jim Mayo, caller; dance composed by Jim York, recorded at the Dare To Be Square dance weekend held at the John C. Campbell Folk School, in Brasstown, NC: November 18-20, 2011
Tags: Fiddle Faddle, Jim Mayo, Jim York
Jim Mayo - Calling for Modern Square Dancing
Jim Mayo wrote a textbook for new MWSD callers in 1966, and it is available online at the Square Dance Foundation of New England website, where you can download PDF files of each chapter:
Music and the…
Music and the…
MWSD - The First Ten Years
This article by Jim Mayo looks at the first ten years of what is usually called Modern Western Square Dancing. Jim traces the development of the activity in detail, citing specific callers and their influences, and illustrating his comments with…
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Docey-doe / Do Paso agreement
Docey-doe / Do Paso / Do-si-do / Dos a Dosexcerpt from Step by Step Through Modern Square Dance History by Jim Mayo... Others were more receptive to change. Another action that spread, probably from the Shaw schools, was the Wagon Wheel. It was a…
Tags: Al Brundage, Do Paso, do-si-do, Docey-Doe, dos a dos, Herb Greggerson, history, Jim Mayo, Lloyd Shaw, MWSD
Show Me the Way To Go Home
The callers are Jim Mayo, Joe Casey, and Johnny Wedge; videotaped October 27, 2010, at East Hill Farm, Troy, NH
Tags: East Hill Farm, Jim Mayo, Joe Casey, Johnny Wedge, MWSD, singing square
Jim Mayo - patter - 1994
Modern square dance, Plus program. Videotaped by Tim Stanger at the Papoose Pond square dance weekend, N. Waterford, Maine, 1994.
Tags: Jim Mayo, MWSD, Papoose Pond, Plus


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This Enhanced eBook allows you to copy and paste text and certain images into a word processing program. You can also enable the Typewriter function and type directly onto the page.A Fun, Interactive Way to Learn The activities in this book consists of a series of question and answer cards. Students are actively engaged as each player answers a question and then asks the next one. When students reach the last card, they will find that it refers back to the first card. Requires minimal preparation but results in maximum participation and effort.
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McAllister Yakima Clipper Glider
The Yakima Clipper was designed and built in 1931 and 1932 by Washington State native Charles McAllister. Based on German gliders he saw in a 1929 National Geographic article, the Yakima Clipper is made of wood with fabric-covered wings. With McAllister at the controls, the sleek glider was flown in an attempt to break the world soaring endurance record in June of 1933. After a Northwest record of 8 hours and 52 minutes aloft, the wind abated and McAllister was forced to land short of a world record. The Yakima Clipper has made over 40 flights and has been part of the Museum's collection since 1987.
Charles McAllister's Yakima Clipper was the first licensed glider in Washington. He held the state's first glider pilot's license and his first aviator's license was signed by Orville Wright. At age 15, McAllister built his first glider from a 1918 Popular Mechanics article. In 1926, he formed McAllister's Flying School in Yakima, Washington and was a founding member of the Yakima Glider Club, established in 1930.
Charlie said that building the Yakima Clipper took two years. Made mostly of sitka spruce and plywood, he designed the fuselage tall and narrow, "so I could see better," Charlie said, "very safe, very sturdy." How sturdy? The wings each took 1,000 pounds (450 kg) of weight in load tests and bent about three feet (.9 m) with no signs of breakage. "In flight," commented McAllister, "I could never get them to bend over a foot." Flying the Yakima Clipper was tricky. Charlie said that without lots of flying experience, his first flight may have been a crash. "She had poor aileron control" said Charlie, who soon mastered the glider and logged around 100 hours of flight time in it. The Yakima Clipper has been flown by only one pilot -- Charlie himself.


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text: The separation of church and state has been and remains a controversial issue [JURIST op-ed] in American courts. In October the US District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania [official website] dismissed a suit [JURIST report] challenging a Pennsylvania House Resolution declaring 2012 the "Year of the Bible." In May the US Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit [official website] ruled [JURIST report] that a lawsuit opposing a Ten Commandments monument displayed on property owned by the City of Fargo, North Dakota, may move forward. Last January the US Supreme Court [official website] declined to review [JURIST report] a case concerning whether a county board of commissioners in North Carolina violated the Establishment Clause by opening its public meetings with prayers. The court's denial of certiorari preserved a ruling by the US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit [official website] holding [JURIST report] that that the board of commissioners violated the Establishment Clause by effectively using a public forum to endorse Christianity. Earlier that month a federal judge ordered Florida's Dixie County Courthouse to remove the Ten Commandments monument [JURIST report] displayed on the front steps of the courthouse, concluding that the monument's religious message would be interpreted to be espoused by the government.


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Child stars are the pint-sized actors we've watched grow up on screen. These talented actors began their careers and traversed the triumphs and pitfalls of fame at an early age. While some child stars, like Sarah Jessica Parker and Natalie Portman, have continued their success into adulthood, others have been plagued by troubles following their early fame. Here's a look at some of the actors who made it big when they were kids.
Without a doubt, the roles that women have taken on throughout the history of film has evolved dramatically. Film actresses of the Golden Age of Hollywood fought tooth and nail to attain the same respect as their male counterparts. And slowly, over time, we've seen women take on powerful and complex lead roles in blockbusters, comedies, dramas and everything in between, thanks to the work of leading ladies like Hattie McDaniel, Audrey Hepburn and Ava Gardner. Browse through the women who have changed film history.
Meet famous people who were born in June. Russell Brand, Peter Dinklage, Paula Abdul, Johnny Depp, Marilyn Monroe, Alfred Kinsey, Anna Kournikova, Suze Orman, Michael Phelps, Dr. Ruth, and many more folks all share a June birthday.
Twin stars Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen made their acting debut more than two decades ago, taking turns playing Michelle on the popular TV series Full House when they were only 6 months old. The show led to a crazed film career for the sisters, who starred together in dozens of family friendly films in the 1990s and early 2000s, including It Takes Two and New York Minute. They also returned to TV in 1998, with the series Two of a Kind.
Following years of dual stardom, the Olsens have branched out in recent years, asking to be viewed individually in the media, rather than as a pair. However, they could never completely separate from each other: together, they bought out a movie production company in 2004, and co-founded two fashion lines soon after. Though no longer pursuing acting gigs, the Olsens—worth an estimated, combined $100 million—have maintained thousands of die-hard fans worldwide, who are eager to find out what the famous duo will do next.
Browse notable television actresses such as Eva Longoria, Joan Collins, and Jada Pinkett Smith.


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Final of the Challenge Réseau Ferré de France–Trophée Monal 2012, épée world cup tournament in Paris.
Focus | Weaponry |
Olympic sport | Present since inaugural 1896 Olympics |
Official website | www.fie.ch www.fie.org |
Fencing is the sport of fighting with swords. The most common version of fencing today, also called olympic fencing or competitive fencing, is divided into three weapon categories: foil, sabre and épée. Classical fencing uses the same three weapons, but approaches fencing as a martial art.
Competitive fencing is one of five sports which has been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games, the other four being Athletics, Cycling, Swimming, and Gymnastics.
Competitive fencing[edit]
Governing body[edit]
Fencing is governed by Fédération Internationale d'Escrime or FIE. Today, its head office is in Lausanne, Switzerland. The FIE is composed of 145 national federations, each of which is recognized by its country's Olympic Committee as the sole representative of Olympic-style fencing in that country.
The FIE maintains the current rules[1] used for FIE sanctioned international events, including world cups, world championships and the Olympic Games. The FIE handles proposals to change the rules the first year after an Olympic year in the annual congress.
The ancestor of modern fencing originated in Spain, where several books on fencing were written. Treatise on Arms was written by Diego de Valera between 1458 and 1471 and is one of the oldest surviving manuals on western fencing[2] shortly before dueling came under official ban by the Catholic Monarchs. In conquest, the Spanish forces carried fencing around the world, particularly southern Italy, one of the major areas of strife between both nations.[3][4]
The mechanics of modern fencing originated in the 18th century in an Italian school of fencing of the Renaissance, and, under their influence, was improved by the French school of fencing.[5][6] The Spanish school of fencing stagnated and was replaced by the Italian and French schools. Nowadays, these two schools are the most influential around the world.[citation needed]
Dueling went into sharp decline after World War I. After World War II, dueling went out of use in Europe except for very rare exceptions. Training for duels, once fashionable for males of aristocratic backgrounds (although fencing masters such as Hope suggest that many people considered themselves trained from taking only one or two lessons), all but disappeared, along with the classes themselves. Fencing continued as a sport, with tournaments and championships. However, the need to actually prepare for a duel with "sharps" vanished, changing both training and technique.[citation needed]
Starting with épée in 1936, side-judges were replaced by an electrical scoring apparatus,[7] with an audible tone and a red or green light indicating when a touch landed. Foil first embraced electronic scoring in 1956, sabre in 1988. The scoring box reduced the bias in judging, and permitted more accurate scoring of faster actions, lighter touches, and more touches to the back and flank than before.[citation needed]
There are three weapons in modern fencing: foil, épée, and sabre. Each weapon has its own rules and strategies.
- Foil: a light thrusting weapon that targets the torso (including the back), neck, and groin, but not the arms or legs. The foil has a small circular hand guard that serves to protect the hand from direct stabs. As the hand is not a valid target in foil, this is primarily for safety. Touches are scored only with the tip; hits with the side of the blade do not count, and do not halt the action. Touches that land outside of the target area (called an off-target touch) stop the action, but are not scored. Only a single touch can be scored by either fencer at one time. If both fencers land valid touches at the same time, the referee uses the rules of "right of way" to determine which fencer gets the point. If both fencers begin their attack at the same time, or the referee is unable to determine who was first, neither fencer scores a point.
- Épée: a thrusting weapon like the foil, but much heavier. In épée, the entire body is valid target. The hand guard on the épée is a large circle that extends towards the pommel, effectively covering the hand, which is a valid target in épée. Like foil, all hits must be with the tip and not the sides of the blade. Hits with the side of the blade do not halt the action. As the entire body is legal target, there is not the concept of an off-target touch, except if the fencer accidentally strikes the floor, setting off the electric tone. Unlike foil and sabre, épée does not use "right of way", and allows simultaneous hits by both fencers. However, if the score is tied in a match at the last point and a double touch is scored, nobody is awarded the point.
- Sabre: a light cutting and thrusting weapon that targets the entire body above the waist, excluding the hands. The hand guard on the saber extends from pommel to the base of where the blade connects to the hilt. This guard is generally turned outwards during sport to protect the sword arm from touches. Hits with the edges of the blade or the point are valid. As in foil, touches that land outside of the target area are not scored. However, unlike foil, these off-target touches do not stop the action, and the fencing continues. In the case of both fencers landing a scoring touch, the referee determines which fencer receives the point for the action, again through the use of "right of way".
Protective clothing[edit]
Fencing outfits are made of tough cotton or nylon. Kevlar was added to top level uniform pieces (jacket, breeches, underarm protector, lamé, and the bib of the mask) following the Smirnov incident at the 1982 World Championships in Rome. However, Kevlar breaks down in chlorine and UV light, complicating the cleaning process.
In recent years other ballistic fabrics, such as Dyneema, have been developed that resist puncture and which do not have Kevlar's issues. FIE rules state that the tournament outfits must be made of fabric that resists a force of 800 newtons (180 lbf) and that the mask bib must resist double that amount.
The complete fencing kit includes:
- Form-fitting jacket covering groin with strap (croissard) which goes between the legs. In sabre fencing, jackets that are cut along the waist and exclude the groin padding are sometimes used. A small gorget of folded fabric is sewn in around the collar to prevent an opponent's blade from slipping under the mask and along the jacket upwards towards the neck.
- Plastron, an underarm protector, which goes underneath the jacket and provides double protection on the sword arm side and upper arm. The armpit cannot have a seam, which would line up with the jacket seam and provide a weak spot.
- One glove for the weapon arm with a gauntlet that prevents blades from going up the sleeve and causing injury, as well as protecting the hand and providing a good grip
- Breeches or knickers which are a pair of short trousers that end just below the knee. The breeches are required to have 10 cm of overlap with the jacket. Most are equipped with suspenders (braces).
- Knee-length or thigh high socks which cover knee and thighs.
- Shoes with flat soles and reinforcement on the inside of the back foot and heel of front foot, to prevent wear from lunging.
- Mask, including a bib which protects the neck. The mask can usually support 12 kilograms (26 lb) on the metal mesh and 350 newtons (79 lbf) of penetration resistance on the bib. FIE regulations dictate that masks must withstand 25 kilograms (55 lb) on the mesh and 1,600 newtons (360 lbf) on the bib. Some modern masks have a see-through visor in the front of the mask. These have been used at high level competitions (World Championships etc.), however, they are currently banned in foil and épée by the FIE, following a 2009 incident in which a visor was pierced during the European Junior Championship competition.
- Plastic chest protector, mandatory for females. While male versions of the chest protector are also available, they were, until recently, primarily worn by instructors, who are hit far more often during training than their students. These are increasingly popular in foil, as the hard surface increases the likelihood that a hit fails to register, as well as with youth competitors.
- Lamé is a layer of electrically conductive material worn over the fencing jacket that entirely covers the valid target area. It is worn only in foil and sabre, and serves to distinguish hits on target from those that are off-target. In épée, the entire body is a target, so it is not necessary to have a lamé. In foil the lamé is sleeveless, while in sabre the lamé has sleeves and ends in a straight line across the waist. A body cord is necessary to register scoring: it attaches to the weapon and runs inside the jacket sleeve, then down the back and out to the scoring box. In sabre and foil the body cord connects to the lamé in order to create a circuit to the scoring box.
- Fencing masters often choose a heavier protective jacket, usually reinforced by plastic foam to cushion the numerous hits an instructor has to endure. Sometimes in practice, masters wear a protective sleeve or a leg leather to protect their fencing arm or leg.
Traditionally, the fencers' uniform is white (black for instructors). This may be due to the occasional pre-electric practice of covering the point of the weapon in dye, soot, or colored chalk in order to make it easier for the referee to determine the placing of the touches. As this is no longer a factor in the electric era, the FIE rules have been relaxed to allow colored uniforms (save black). The guidelines also limit the permitted size and positioning of sponsorship logos.
Foil/épée/sabre techniques[edit]
Techniques or movements in fencing can be divided into two categories: offensive and quickly defensive. Some techniques can fall into both categories (e.g. the beat). Certain techniques are used offensively, with the purpose of landing a hit on your opponent while holding the right of way (foil and sabre). Others are used defensively, to protect against a hit or obtain the right of way.
- Offensive
- Attack: A basic fencing technique, also called a thrust, consisting of extending the sword arm to declare an attack and attempt to land a touch upon the opponent's valid area. In sabre, attacks are also made with a cutting action.
- Feint: An attack with the purpose of provoking a reaction from the opposing fencer.
- Lunge: A thrust while extending the front leg by using a slight kicking motion and propelling the body forward with the back leg.
- Beat Attack: In foil & sabre, the attacker beats the opponent's blade to gain priority (right of way) and continues the attack against the target area. In épée, a similar beat is made but with the intention to disturb the opponent's aim and thus score with a single light.
- Disengage: Beginning an attack in one direction, then quickly moving the point down in a semi-circle to attack a different location. This is used to trick the opponent into blocking the wrong direction. For example, the fencer could target the left side of the torso, and begin the lunge. As the opponent moves to the left to parry, the fencer disengages and finishes the attack on the right side of the torso. Commonly countered with a circle-parry.
- Continuation of Attack: A typical épée action of making a 2nd after attack after the first attack is parried. This may be done with a change in line; example, an attack in the high line (above the opponent's bellguard, such as the shoulder) is then followed with an attack to the low line (below the opponent's bellguard, such as the thigh, or foot); or from the outside line (outside of the bellguard, such as outer arm) to the inside line (inside the bellguard, such as the inner arm or the chest). A second continuation is stepping slight past the parry and angulating the blade to bring the tip of the blade back on target.
- Remise. A second attack immediately after the first has missed or been parried. In foil or sabre, a remise is considered to have lost right of way, and the defender's riposte will always score instead of the remise.
- Flick: a technique used primarily in foil. It takes advantage of the extreme flexibility of the blade to use it like a whip, bending the blade so that it curves over and strikes the opponent with the point. This technique has become much more difficult due to timing changes which require the point to stay depressed for longer to set off the light.
- Defensive
- Parry: Basic defense technique, block the opponent's weapon while it is preparing or executing an attack to deflect the blade away from the fencer's valid area and (in foil and sabre) to give fencer the right of way. Usually followed by a riposte, a return attack by defender.
- Circle Parry: A parry where the sword is twisted in a circle to catch the opponent's tip and deflect it away. It is commonly used to counter a disengage.
- Riposte. An attack by the defender after a successful parry. After the attacker has completed their attack, and it has been parried, the defender has the right of way for a riposte.
- Counter Attack: A basic fencing technique of attacking your opponent while generally moving back out of the way of the opponent's attack. Used quite often in épée to score against the attacker's hand/arm. More difficult to accomplish in foil and sabre unless one is quick enough to make the counterattack and retreat ahead of the advancing opponent without being scored upon.
- Point In Line: Extending the weapon and arm against the opponent's target area. In foil and sabre, this gives one priority if the extension is made before the opponent is approximately advance-lunge distance away. When performed as a defensive action, the attacker must then disturb the extended weapon to re-take priority; otherwise the defender has priority and the counter-attack like action will win the touch if the attacker does not manage a single light. When performed as an offensive action, the intent is usually a means for the attacker to draw a defensive action that can be deceived and the attack continued. In épée, there is no priority; the move may be used as a means by either fencer to achieve a double-touch and advance the score by 1 for each fencer.
The attacks and defenses may be performed in countless combinations of feet and hand actions. For example, fencer A attacks the arm of fencer B, drawing a high outside parry; fencer B then follows the parry with a high line riposte. Fencer A, expecting that, then makes his own parry by pivoting his blade under fencer B's weapon (from straight out to more or less straight down), putting fencer B's tip off target and fencer A now scoring against the low line by angulating the hand upwards.
Universities and schools[edit]
Fencing has a long history with universities and schools for at least 500 years. At least one style of fencing, Mensur in Germany, is practiced only within universities. University students compete internationally at the World University Games. The United States holds two national level university tournaments including the NCAA championship and the USACFC National Championships[8] tournaments in the USA and the BUCS fencing championships in the United Kingdom.
Equipment costs and the relatively small scale of the sport limits university fencing to a small number of schools. National fencing organizations have set up programs to encourage more students to fence. Examples include the Regional Youth Circuit program[9] in the USA and the Leon Paul Youth Development series in the UK.
In recent years, attempts have been made to introduce fencing to a wider and younger audience, by using foam and plastic swords, which require much less protective equipment. This makes it much less expensive to provide classes, and makes it easier to take fencing to a wider range of schools than traditionally has been the case. There is even a competition series in Scotland – the Plastic-and-Foam Fencing FunLeague[10] – specifically for Primary and early Secondary school-age children using this equipment.
The UK hosts two national competitions in which schools compete against each other directly: the Public Schools Fencing Championship, a competition only open to Independent Schools,[11] and the Scottish Secondary Schools Championships, open to all secondary schools in Scotland. It contains both teams and individual events and is highly anticipated. Schools organise matches directly against one another and school age pupils can compete individually in the British Youth Championships.
Many universities in Ontario, Canada have fencing teams that participate in an annual inter-university competition called the OUA Finals.
Other variants[edit]
Other variants include chair fencing, one-hit épée (one of the five events which constitute modern pentathlon) and the various types of non-Olympic competitive fencing. Chair fencing is similar to wheelchair fencing but for the able bodied. The opponents set up opposing chairs and fence while seated; all the usual rules of fencing are applied. An example of the latter is the American Fencing League (distinct from the United States Fencing Association): the format of competitions is different and the right of way rules are interpreted in a different way. In a number of countries, school and university matches deviate slightly from the FIE format.
See also[edit]
- ^ http://fie.ch/Fencing/Rules.aspx
- ^ "I.33 Medieval German Sword & Buckler Manual". ARMA. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
- ^ A History of Fencing. Hcs.harvard.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-16.
- ^ Historia de la Esgrima. Educar.org (1999-02-22). Retrieved on 2012-05-16.
- ^ Fencing Online. Fencing.net. Retrieved on 2012-05-16.
- ^ A History of Fencing. Library.thinkquest.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-16.
- ^ Alaux, Michel. Modern Fencing: Foil, Epee, and Sabre. Scribner's, 1975, p. 83.
- ^ USACFC. USACFC. Retrieved on 2012-05-16.
- ^ US Fencing Youth Development Website, Regional Youth Circuit.
- ^ The Plastic-and-Foam Fencing FunLeague website.
- ^ Home :: Public Schools Fencing Championships.
Saber does not exclude the hands. Hands are the target in Saber fencing.
- Amberger, Johann Christoph (1999). The Secret History of the Sword. Burbank: Multi-Media. ISBN 1-892515-04-0
- British Fencing (September 2008). "FIE Competition Rules (English)". Official document. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- Evangelista, Nick (1996). The Art and Science of Fencing. Indianapolis: Masters Press. ISBN 1-57028-075-4.
- Evangelista, Nick (2000). The Inner Game of Fencing: Excellence in Form, Technique, Strategy, and Spirit. Chicago: Masters Press. ISBN 1-57028-230-7.
- United States Fencing Association (September 2010). United States Fencing Association Rules for Competition. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
External links[edit]
Look up fencing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to fencing. |
- FIE Statutes
- Fencing on the Open Directory Project
- Fencing FAQ from rec.sport.fencing
- Links to videos of basic fencing moves from MIT OpenCourseWare as taught in Spring 2007