text:
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | |
Motto | Knowledge and Thoroughness |
Established | 1824 |
Type | Private |
Endowment | $616 million (2013)[1] |
President | Shirley Ann Jackson |
Provost | Prabhat Hajela[2] |
Academic staff | 451 (2013)[3] |
Students | 6,995 (2013)[3] |
Undergraduates | 5,379[3] |
Postgraduates | 1,616[3] |
Location | Troy, New York, USA |
Campus | Urban, 275 acres (111 ha) |
Colors | Cherry and white[4] |
Athletics | 23 varsity teams 2 Division I 21 Division III |
Mascot | Puckman and The Redhawk[5] |
Affiliations | ECAC Hockey, NCAA |
Website | www.rpi.edu |
" I have established a school at the north end of Troy, in Rensselaer county, in the building usually called the Old Bank Place, for the purpose of instructing persons, who may choose to apply themselves, in the application of science to the common purposes of life..."
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or RPI, is a private research university located in Troy, New York, with two additional campuses in Hartford and Groton, Connecticut. It was founded in 1824 by Stephen van Rensselaer and Amos Eaton for the "application of science to the common purposes of life" and is the oldest technological university in the English-speaking world.[7] Built on a hillside, RPI's 275-acre (111 ha) campus overlooks the city of Troy and the Hudson River and is a blend of traditional and modern architecture. The institute operates an on‑campus business incubator and the 1,250-acre (510 ha) Rensselaer Technology Park, and is known for its success in the transfer of technology from the laboratory to the marketplace.[8] The university is one among a small group of polytechnic universities in the United States which tend to be primarily devoted to the instruction of technical arts and applied sciences.[9]
Rensselaer is organized into six main schools within which there are thirty-seven departments: the School of Architecture; School of Engineering; School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences; School of Information Technology and Web Science; School of Science; and the Lally School of Management & Technology.[10] The university offers around one hundred forty degree programs in sixty fields leading to bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degrees.
Numerous American colleges or departments of applied sciences were modeled after Rensselaer.[11] The institute attracts sixty-two percent of its students from outside of New York, from forty-nine states, and sixty-seven countries.[12] In 2006 Rensselaer was named a "New Ivy" by Newsweek.[13] It remains in the "Top 50 Universities" compiled by U.S. News & World Report.[14]
Stephen van Rensselaer established the Rensselaer School on November 5, 1824 with a letter to the Rev. Dr. Samuel Blatchford, in which Van Rensselaer asked Blatchford to serve as the first president. Within the letter he set down several orders of business. He appointed Amos Eaton as the school's first senior professor and appointed the first board of trustees.[6] The school opened on Monday, January 3, 1825, at the Old Bank Place, a building at the north end of Troy.[15] Tuition was around $40 per semester (equivalent to $800 in 2012[16]).[6] The fact that the school attracted students from as far as Ohio and Pennsylvania is attributed to the reputation of Eaton. Fourteen months of successful trial led to the incorporation of the school on March 21, 1826, by the state of New York. In its early years, the Rensselaer School resembled a graduate school more than it did a college, drawing graduates from many older institutions.
During this period, the Rensselaer School, renamed the Rensselaer Institute in 1832, was a small but vital center for technological research. The first civil engineering degrees in the United States were granted by the school in 1835, and many of the best remembered civil engineers of that time graduated from the school. Important visiting scholars included Joseph Henry, who had previously studied under Amos Eaton, and Thomas Davenport, who sold the world's first working electric motor to the institute.[17] In 1847, alumnus Benjamin Franklin Greene became the new senior professor. Earlier he had done a thorough study of European technical schools to see how Rensselaer could be improved. In 1850 he reorganized the school into a three-year polytechnic institute with six technical schools.[18] In 1861, the name was changed to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.[19] A severe conflagration of May 10, 1862, known as "The Great Fire" destroyed more than 507 buildings in Troy and gutted 75 acres (300,000 m2) in the heart of the city.[20] The "Infant School" building that housed the Institute at the time was destroyed in this fire. In response, the campus left the downtown for the hillside which offered potential for expansion.[20]
Since 1900[edit]
Enrollment History:[19] | |
1825: 10 students | |
1850: 53 students | |
1900: 225 students | |
1910: 650 students[21] | |
1925: 1,240 students | |
1945: 1,604 students | |
1950: 3,987 students (dormitory construction on "Freshman Hill") | |
1965: 5,232 students | |
2013: 6,995 students[22] |
RPI enjoyed a period of academic and resource expansion under the leadership of President Palmer Ricketts.[23] Named President in 1901, Ricketts liberalized the curriculum by adding the Department of Arts, Science, and Business Administration, in addition to the Graduate School. He also expanded the university's resources and developed RPI into a true polytechnic institute by increasing the number of degrees offered from two to twelve; these included electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, chemistry, and physics. During Rickett's tenure, enrollment increased from approximately 200 in 1900 to a high of 1,700 in 1930.[19]
Another period of expansion occurred following World War II. The "Freshman Hill" residence complex was opened in 1953 followed by the completion of the Commons Dining Hall in 1954, two more halls in 1958, and three more in 1968. In 1961, there was major progress in academics at the institute with the construction of the Gaerttner Linear Accelerator, then the most powerful in the world,[24] and the Jonsson-Rowland Science Center. The current Student Union building was opened in 1967.
The next three decades brought continued growth with many new buildings (see 'Campus' below), and growing ties to industry. The "H-building", previously used for storage, became the home for the RPI incubator program, the first such program sponsored solely by a university.[25] Shortly after this, RPI decided to invest $3 million in pavement, water and power on around 1,200 acres (490 ha) of land it owned 5 miles (8.0 km) south of campus to create the Rensselaer Technology Park.[26] In 1982 the New York State legislature granted RPI $30 million to build the George M. Low Center for Industrial Innovation, a center for industry-sponsored research and development.
In 1999, RPI gained attention when it was one of the first universities to implement a mandatory laptop computer program.[27] This was also the year of the arrival of President Shirley Ann Jackson, a former chairperson for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. She instituted the "The Rensselaer Plan" (discussed below), an ambitious plan to revitalize the institute. Many advances have been made under the plan, and Jackson has enjoyed the ongoing support of the RPI Board of Trustees. However, her leadership style did not sit well with many faculty; on April 26, 2006, RPI faculty voted 149 to 155 in a failed vote of no-confidence in Jackson.[28] On October 4, 2008, RPI celebrated the opening of the $220 million Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center. That same year the national economic downturn resulted in the elimination of 98 positions across the Institute, about five percent of the workforce.[29] Campus construction expansion continued, however, with the completion of the $92 million East Campus Athletic Village and opening of the new Blitman Commons residence hall in 2009.
With nearly two centuries of history and a high tech future in store, the Princeton Review remarks, "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is simultaneously the oldest technological school in the country and the most modern school of technology in the U.S. It's like George Jetson meets Archimedes."[30]
RPI's 275-acre (111 ha)[31] landscaped campus sits upon a hill overlooking historic Troy, New York and the Hudson River. The surrounding area is mostly residential neighborhoods, with the city of Troy lying at the base of the hill. The campus is bisected by 15th Street, with most of the athletic and housing facilities to the east, and the academic buildings to the west. An iconic footbridge spans the street, linking the two halves. Much of the campus features a series of Colonial Revival style structures built in the first three decades of the 20th century. Overall, the campus has enjoyed four periods of expansion.[15]
RPI was originally located in downtown Troy but gradually moved to the hilltop that overlooks the city. Buildings that remain from this time include Winslow Chemical Laboratory, a building on the National Register of Historic Places. Located at the base of the hill on the western edge of campus, it currently houses the Social and Behavioral Research Laboratory.[15][32]
Ricketts Campus, 1906–1935[edit]
President Palmer Ricketts supervised the construction of the school's "Green Rooftop" Colonial Revival buildings that give much of the campus a distinct architectural style. Buildings constructed during this period include the Carnegie Building (1906), Walker Laboratory (1907), Russell Sage Laboratory (1909), Pittsburgh Building (1912), Quadrangle Dormitories (1916–1927), Troy Building (1925), Amos Eaton Hall (1928), Greene Building (1931) and Ricketts Building (1935). Also built during this period was "The Approach" (1907), a massive ornate granite staircase found on the west end of campus. Originally linking RPI to the Troy Union Railroad station, it again serves as an important link between the city and the university.[33]
Post-war expansion, 1946–1960[edit]
After World War II, the campus again underwent major expansion. Nine dormitories were built at the east edge of campus bordering Burdett Avenue, a location which came to be called "Freshman Hill". The Houston Field House (1949) was reassembled, after being moved in pieces from its original Rhode Island location. West Hall, which was originally built in 1869 as a hospital, was acquired by the Institute in 1953. The ornate building is an example of French Second Empire architecture.[34] It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Another unique building is the Voorhees Computing Center (VCC). Originally built as St. Joseph's Seminary chapel in 1933, it was once the institute's library, until the completion of the Folsom Library in 1976.[35] Interestingly, the new library, built adjacent to the computing center, was designed to match colors with the church, but is very dissimilar architecturally; it is an excellent example of the modern brutalist style – a style that has invited comparisons with a parking garage. The university was unsure of what to do with the church, or whether to keep it at all, but in 1979 the institute decided to preserve it and renovate it into a unique place for computer labs and facilities to support the institute's computing initiatives and today serves as the backbone for the institute's data and telephony infrastructure.
Modern campus, since 1961[edit]
The modern campus features the Jonsson-Rowland Science Center (J-ROWL) (1961), Materials Research Center (MRC) (1965), Rensselaer Union (1967), Cogswell Laboratory (1971), Darrin Communications Center (DCC) (1973), Jonsson Engineering Center (JEC) (1977), Low Center for Industrial Innovation (CII) (1987), a public school building which was converted into Academy Hall (1990), and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies (2004).[15] Tunnels connect the Low Center, DCC, JEC and Science Center. A tenth dormitory named Barton Hall was added to Freshman Hill in August 2000, featuring the largest rooms available for freshmen.[36]
On October 4, 2008, the university celebrated the grand opening of the Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center (EMPAC) situated on the west edge of campus.[37] The building was constructed on the precipice of the hill, with the main entrance on top. Upon entering, elevated walkways lead into a 1,200 seat concert hall. Most of the building is encased in a glass exoskeleton, with an atrium-like space between it and the "inner building". Adjacent to and underneath the main auditorium there is a 400-seat theater, offices, and three studios with 40-foot (12 m) to 60-foot (18 m) ceilings.[38]
In October 2007, tentative plans were announced by President Jackson for a major addition to the Jonsson-Rowland Science Center, which would add 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) to 120,000 square feet (11,000 m2) of lab space.[39] Design mock-ups showed a new adjacent building built next to the Science Center, with a glass-enclosed atrium spanning the space between the old building and the new.[39][40] The plans were further elaborated on by Jackson at the 2008 Town Meeting.[41] It was announced that under the plan the Hirsch Observatory would be renovated as well.[42] Vice President Claude Rounds said the budget had not been worked out in full but the project should cost somewhere between $70 to $75 million.[42] Since 2008, no further official announcements on the project have been made and the status of the project is unknown.
In 2008, RPI announced the purchase of the former Rensselaer Best Western Inn, located at the base of the hill, along with plans to transform it into a new residence hall. After extensive renovations, the residence hall was dedicated on May 15, 2009, as the Howard N. Blitman, P.E. '50 Residence Commons.[43] It houses about 300 students in 148 rooms and includes a fitness center, dining hall, and conference area.[43] The new residence hall is part of a growing initiative to involve students in the Troy community and help revitalize the downtown. RPI owns and operates three office buildings in downtown Troy, the Rice and Heley buildings and the historic W. & L.E. Gurley Building.[44] RPI also owns the Proctor's Theater building in Troy which was purchased in 2004, with the intention of converting it into office space.[45] Due to the historic nature of the building, there was resistance by the Troy community and RPI has not done any redevelopment. Advocates are hoping to restore the building back to its original use.[46][47][48]
Other campuses[edit]
The Institute runs a 15-acre (6.1 ha) campus in Hartford, Connecticut, and a distance learning center in Groton, Connecticut. These centers are used by graduates and working professionals and are managed by the Hartford branch of RPI, Rensselaer at Hartford. At Hartford, graduate degrees are offered in business administration, management, computer science, computer and systems engineering, electrical engineering, engineering science, mechanical engineering and information technology. There are also a number of certificate programs and skills training programs for working professionals.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has five schools: the School of Architecture, the School of Engineering, the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, the Lally School of Management & Technology, and the School of Science. The School of Engineering is the largest by enrollment, followed by the School of Science, the School of Management, the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, and the School of Architecture. There also exists an interdisciplinary program in Information Technology that began in the late 1990s, programs in prehealth and prelaw, Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) for students desiring commissions as officers in the armed forces, a program in cooperative education (Co-Op), and domestic and international exchange programs. All together, the university offers around 140 degree programs in nearly 60 fields that lead to bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. In addition to traditional majors, RPI has around a dozen special interdisciplinary programs, such as Games and Simulation Arts and Sciences (GSAS), Design, Innovation, and Society (DIS), Minds & Machines, and Product Design and Innovation (PDI).[49] RPI is a technology-oriented university; all buildings and residence hall rooms have hard-wired high speed internet access, most of the campus buildings have wireless, and all incoming freshmen have been required to have a laptop computer since 1999.[50] In 2004, Forbes ranked RPI first in terms of wireless as the "most connected campus".[51] Nationally, RPI is a member of the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (NAICU) and the NAICU's University and College Accountability Network (U-CAN).
Rensselaer Plan[edit]
With the arrival of the president, Shirley Ann Jackson, came the "Rensselaer Plan" announced in 1999. Its goal is to achieve greater prominence for RPI as a technological research university.[52] Various aspects of the plan include bringing in a larger graduate student population and new research faculty, and increasing participation in undergraduate research, international exchange programs, and "living and learning communities". Financially speaking, the plan uses half its money for research, a quarter for scholarships, and a quarter for campus platforms, such as athletic facilities.[53] So far, there have been a number of changes under the plan: new infrastructure such as the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies and Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations (CCNI) was built to support new programs, and application numbers have increased.[54] In fact, in the three years between 2005 and 2008 application numbers doubled from 5,500 to 11,000.[55] According to Jared Cohon, president of Carnegie Mellon University "Change at Rensselaer in the last five years has occurred with a scope and swiftness that may be without precedent in the recent history of American higher education."[56] Although the number of doctoral students has increased,[54] the plan has not increased the overall number of graduate students. The number of graduates on the Troy campus has dropped from a high of 2,617 in 1999 to 1,228 in 2007, a decrease of more than 50%.[57][58][59] These pages show a decrease from 1,839 in 1999 to 1,228 in 2007, a decrease of 36% (Hartford students were not included in the 1999 figure).
The ability to attract greater research funds is needed to meet the goals of the plan, and the university has set a goal of $100 million annually. In 2006, research expenditures reached $90 million per annum. The university recognizes the relatively small size of its endowment compared to its competition (cf. Case Western Reserve U., University of Rochester, etc.). To help raise money the university mounted a $1 billion capital campaign, of which the public phase began in September 2004 and was expected to finish by 2008. In 2001, a major milestone of the campaign was the pledging of an unrestricted gift of $360 million by an anonymous donor, believed to be the largest such gift to a U.S. university at the time. The university had been a relative stranger to such generosity as the prior largest single gift was $15 million.[60] By September 2006, the $1 billion goal has been exceeded much in part to an in-kind contribution of software commercially-valued at $513.95 million by the Partners for the Advancement of Collaborative Engineering Education (PACE). In light of this, the board of trustees announced a new goal of $1.4 billion by June 30, 2009. The new goal was met by October 1, 2008.[61]
The number of faculty has been steadily growing since the implementation of the Rensselaer Plan in 1999.[54] Among them are members of the National Academies, a Nobel laureate, and 40 NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award winners.[62] In 2013 there were 451 full-time faculty members, yielding a student-faculty ratio of 15:1.[63] Well-known faculty members include:
- Selmer Bringsjord - artificial intelligence researcher
- Linnda R. Caporael - cultural anthropologist and social behaviorist
- Jonathan Dordick - leader of a group doing biochemical engineering
- Ron Eglash - professor of science & technology studies
- Ivar Giaever ('64) - Nobel laureate 1973 and physics professor emeritus
- Wayne D. Gray - cognitive scientist
- Sharon Anderson-Gold - social and political philosopher
- James Hendler - computer scientist and author
- Matthew A. Hunter - metallurgist, inventor of the Hunter process
- Deborah McGuinness - computer scientists, chair, and AAAS fellow
- David Musser - one of the primary persons behind the C++ Standard Template Library[64]
- Leik Myrabo - known for designing and testing laser "lightcraft" propulsion systems
- Pauline Oliveros - musician and composer of electronic art music
- Robert Resnick - textbook author and physics professor emeritus
- Sal Restivo - pioneering researcher in the ethnography of science and social studies of mathematics; founding member and former president of the Society for Social Studies of Science
- Neil Rolnick - former head of the Arts Department, and founder of iEAR studios
- Henry Augustus Rowland ('70) - physicist, work on diffraction gratings and solar spectrum
- Michael Shur- well-published solid state electronics researcher
- Boleslaw Szymanski - IEEE Fellow and a foreign member of Polish Academy of Sciences
- Jeff Trinkle - robotic manipulation, multibody dynamics, and automated manufacturing
- Igor Vamos - multimedia artist and leading member of culture jamming duo The Yes Men
- Robert H. Wentorf, Jr. - chemical engineer
- Langdon Winner - leading political philosopher of technology
- Houman Younessi - information systems, software development processes
- Xi-Cheng Zhang - head of the Center for Terahertz Research
University rankings | |
National | |
Forbes[66] | 105 |
U.S. News & World Report[67] | 41 |
Washington Monthly[68] | 52 |
Global | |
Times[71] | 181 |
RPI ranks among the top 50 national universities in the United States according to U.S. News & World Report.[72] The same source ranks RPI 24th for "Best Value" in undergraduate education.[73] In 2005, the School of Engineering was ranked 16th in the nation for undergraduates, and 34th in the nation for graduates.[74] Four of the graduate engineering programs are ranked in the top 20 (electrical engineering, materials science and engineering, industrial engineering and mechanical engineering), seven of 11 are ranked in the top 25, and all are ranked in the top 40 in the nation.[75] In 2006 U.S. News put the graduate applied mathematics program at 20th.[76]
The Leiden Ranking (2011/2012) placed RPI at 23 among 500 world universities according to the proportion of top 10% most frequently cited publications of a university. The Leiden Ranking 2011/2012 explained that the ranking "is based on publications in Thomson Reuters' Web of Science database in the period 2005–2009. Only publications in the sciences and the social sciences are included... Furthermore, only publications of the Web of Science document types article, letter, and review are considered in the Leiden Ranking." Therefore the result is normalized by university size. If ranked by number of publications in that period, RPI is at 258/500.[77]
The Newsweek/Kaplan 2007 Educational College Guide named Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute one of the 25 "New Ivies", a group of 25 schools described as providing an education equivalent to schools in the Ivy League.[78]
The Lally School of Management and Technology's entrepreneurship programs ranked 21st in the USA, and its technological entrepreneurship program was ranked sixth by Entrepreneur magazine.[76] The Lally School's corporate strategy program was ranked eleventh in the nation by BusinessWeek.[79]
The electronic arts program is one of the highest ranked departments at RPI. For four years in a row, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, U.S. News ranked the iEAR program 8th in the USA.[76] The Master of Fine Arts in multimedia/visual communications program was ranked 6th in 2008 and 2009 by U.S. News.[80]
In 2008, a new ranking called America's Best Colleges released by Forbes.com placed RPI at 49,[81] and then at 42 a year later in 2009.[82] In 2009, Forbes and Payscale.com reported that among U.S. colleges, RPI had the 9th highest average starting salary and 13th highest average mid-career salary for graduates, based on actual earnings information.[83] The 2008 Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings ranks RPI at 174 among the top 200 universities worldwide for overall academics,[84] and number 50 among the top 50 universities for technology.[85] The 2010–2011 Times Higher Education rankings show RPI moving up to 104 among the world's top 200 universities.[86] The Global University Ranking, which utilizes a combination of major international ranking systems, ranked RPI in the range 74-77 in 2009.[87] In 2012, RPI was ranked as the 4th best engineering school in the world by Business Insider.[88]
- US News & World Report Graduate Rankings (2013):[14]
- 6th, multimedia/visual communications
- 14th, nuclear engineering
- 17th, applied mathematics
- 20th, materials engineering
- 21st, aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineering
- 22nd, chemical engineering
- 24th, mechanical engineering
- 25th, industrial/manufacturing/systems engineering
- 26th, electrical/electronic/communications engineering
- 27th, civil engineering
- 27th, computer engineering
- 34th, environmental/environmental health engineering
- 39th, biomedical engineering/bioengineering
- 47th, computer science
Research and development[edit]
RPI has established six areas of research as institute priorities: biotechnology, energy and the environment, nanotechnology, computation and information technology, and media and the arts.[89] Advances in these fields have the potential to effect dramatic transformations in 21st century society.
Some notable research centers operated by RPI are the Terahertz Research Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis, Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Center for Automation Technologies and Systems, and the Lighting Research Center.[90] The Lighting Research Center (LRC) is the leading university-based research center devoted to lighting, offering the world's only master's degree in lighting. Since 1988, it has built an international reputation as a reliable source for objective information about lighting technologies, applications, and products. The LRC provides training programs for government agencies, utilities, contractors, lighting designers, and other lighting professionals.
RPI conducts nuclear research at the 60MeV Gaerttner Linear Accelerator (LINAC) Laboratory. The LINAC is used primarily for the testing of materials, but there is also ongoing research in neutron generation and other technologies. The lab made the news with discoveries regarding bubble fusion[91] and portable pyroelectric fusion devices.[92] Other important research facilities include the geotechnical centrifuge, used for civil engineering simulations, and RPI's array of six subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic wind tunnels.[93]
In May 2006, RPI announced a partnership with IBM and the state of New York to create the Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations, a supercomputing center to be used for nanotechnology research. In June 2013, the Blue Gene system at the center was the 76th most powerful supercomputer in the world.[94] In January 2013, IBM said that RPI will receive a successor version of its Watson computer. It will be housed at the Institute's technology park and be available to researchers and students.[95]
RPI has the United States' first on-campus business incubator,[25] which has helped start over 180 companies in its lifetime, with a survival rate of about 80%.[96] One of the largest companies to have originated in the incubator is MapInfo, a major publisher of mapping and geographic information systems software. Others incubator success stories include Vicarious Visions, a well known maker of video games, and CORESense, Inc., a leading provider of multi-channel retail software. RPI operates the Rensselaer Technology Park, which is home to over 50 technologically oriented companies. The 1,250-acre (510 ha) park is about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of the campus along the Hudson River.[97] Park tenants collaborate with faculty and students on research projects and hire students for internships, co-ops and employment.
In conjunction with the incubator, Professor Gina O'Connor launched the Radical Innovation Project (RIP) at RPI, which is a project to create innovative new products out of new technologies.[98] The approach is to start with a new technology, and then find radical innovations and product concepts, rather than the usual approach which starts with a problem and then looks for a technological solution.[99] All projects originate out of research and development projects. The study of those projects is expected to provide insight on how to manage the "fuzzy front end": the earliest, most unclear stage of product innovation when innovators do not know what will eventually be the product. It was found that early product research generally does not employ a highly structured process as in the case of managing incremental NPD processes, but they follow logical processes. Such ultra-early stage are more exploratory and less customer driven. Possibly prototypes are developed at an early stage, preceding opportunity analysis, market research, and financial analysis.[99] The Radical Innovation Project approach has been the subject of several research publications.[100][101]
In the 2012-2013 academic year, RPI's enrollment included 5,379 resident undergraduate, 1,237 resident graduate, 281 graduate students on the Hartford campus, and 98 distance learning graduate students.[63] The institute attracts sixty-two percent of its students from out-of-state, from forty-nine states and sixty-seven countries.[102] Among the class of 2017, 72% were in the top 10% of their high school class.[63] The average high school GPA of the class of 2017 was an A-/B+ and the average SAT score in the 50th-percentile was 1288-1488.[63] The acceptance rate in 2012 was 43.6%.[103] The yield rate (percentage of admitted students who attend) was 20.5% in 2012.[104]
In 2013 about 13% of students received the RPI medal/scholarship in high school, which is a merit scholarship of $15,000 a year.[63][105] Altogether about 90% of students receive either need-based or merit-based financial aid.[106]
Gender ratio[edit]
RPI became coeducational in 1942. In 1966, the male-to-female ratio was 19:1, in the 1980s it reached as high as 8:1, and in the early 1990s the ratio was around 5:1. In 2009, RPI had a ratio of 2.5:1 (72% male / 28% female),[107][108] Both the class of 2011 and the class of 2012 have a ratio of about 2.3:1, or about 30% female.[109]
The RPI Engineers are the athletic teams for the university. RPI currently sponsors 23 sports, 21 of which compete at the NCAA Division III level in the Liberty League; men's and women's ice hockey compete at the Division I level in ECAC Hockey. The official nickname of some of the school's Division III teams was changed in 1995 from the Engineers to the Red Hawks. However, the hockey, football, cross-country, tennis and track and field teams all chose to retain the Engineers name. The Red Hawks name was, at the time, very unpopular among the student body; a Red Hawk mascot was frequently taunted with thrown concessions and chants of "kill the chicken!". The nickname has since been changed back to Engineers. In contrast, the official ice hockey mascot, known as Puckman, has always been very popular. Puckman is an anthropomorphic hockey puck with an engineer's helmet.
During the 1970s and 1980s, one RPI cheer was:
- E to the x, dy/dx, E to the x, dx
- Cosine, secant, tangent, sine
- 3.14159
- Square root, cube root, log of pi
- Disintegrate them, RPI![110][111]
Ice hockey (men's)[edit]
RPI has a competitive Division I ice hockey team, the Engineers, who won NCAA national titles in 1954 and 1985. Depending on how the rules are interpreted, the RPI men's ice hockey team may have the longest winning streak on record for a Division I team; in the 1984-85 season it was undefeated for 30 games, but one game was against the University of Toronto, a non-NCAA team. Continuing into the 1985-86 season, RPI continued undefeated over 38 games, including two wins over Toronto.[112] Adam Oates and Daren Puppa, two players during that time, both went on to become stars in the NHL. Joe Juneau, who played from 1987 to 1991, and Brian Pothier, who played from 1996 to 2000, also spent many years in the NHL. Graeme Townshend, who also played in the late 1980s, had a brief NHL career. He is the first person of Jamaican ancestry to play in the National Hockey League.
The ice hockey team plays a significant role in the campus's culture, drawing thousands of fans each week to the Houston Field House during the season. The team's popularity even sparked the tradition of the hockey line, where students lined up for season tickets months in advance of the on-sale date. Today, the line generally begins a week or more before ticket sales.[113] Another tradition since 1978 has been the "Big Red Freakout!" game held close to the first weekend of February. Fans usually dress in the schools colors red and white, and gifts such as T-shirts are distributed en masse. In ice hockey, the RPI's biggest rival has always been the upstate engineering school Clarkson University. In recent years RPI has also developed a spirited rivalry with their conference travel partner Union College, with whom they annually play a nonconference game in Albany for the Mayor's Cup.
Ice hockey (women's)[edit]
The women's ice hockey team moved to the NCAA Division I level in 2005. During the 2008-09 season the team set the record for most wins in one season (19-14-4). On February 28, 2010, Rensselaer made NCAA history. The Engineers beat Quinnipiac, 2-1, but it took five overtimes. It is now the longest game in NCAA Women's Ice Hockey history. Senior defenseman Laura Gersten had the game-winning goal. She registered it at 4:32 of the fifth overtime session to not only clinch the win, but the series victory.[114]
Lacrosse (men's)[edit]
The lacrosse team won the national championship in 1952.[115] The lacrosse team also represented the United States in the 1948 Olympics in London. Ned Harkness coached the lacrosse and ice hockey teams, winning national championships in both sports.
The Red Hawk baseball squad is perennially atop the Liberty League standings, and has seen 8 players move on to the professional ranks, including 4 players selected in the MLB draft. The team is coached by the ex‑New York Yankee Karl Steffen (Ithaca '78) with Steve "Smoke" Allard (Massachusetts '87) as associate head coach and Kyle Meyer (Marist '09) as assistant coach. The Red Hawks play their home games at the historic Robison Field.
American football[edit]
Since 1903, RPI and nearby Union College have been rivals in football, making it the oldest such rivalry in the state. The teams play for the Dutchman's Shoes. RPI Football had their most successful season in 2003, when they finished 11-2 and lost to St. Johns (Minn.) in the NCAA Division III semi final game.[116]
Athletic facilities[edit]
The Houston Field House is a 4,780‑seat multi-purpose arena located on the RPI campus. It opened in 1949 and is home to the RPI Engineers men's and women's ice hockey teams. The Field House was renovated starting in 2007 as part of the major campus improvement project to build the East Campus Athletic Village. The renovations included locker rooms upgrades, addition of a new weight room, and a new special reception room dedicated to Ned Harkness.[117] Additionally, as part of the renovations through a government grant, solar panels were installed on the roof to supply power to the building.
As part of the Rensselaer Plan, the Institute recently completed a major project to improve its athletic facilities with the East Campus Athletic Village. The plan included construction of a new and much larger 4,842‑seat football stadium, a basketball arena with seating for 1,200, a new 50-meter pool, an indoor track and field complex, new tennis courts, new weight rooms and a new sports medicine center.[118] The Institute broke ground on August 26, 2007, and construction of the first phase is expected to last two years.[119] The estimated cost of the project is $78 million for phase one and $35–$45 million for phase two.[120] Since the completion of the new stadium, the bleachers on the Class of '86 football field on the central campus have been removed and the field has become an open space. In the future the new space could be used for expansions of the academic buildings, but for now members of the campus planning team foresee a "historic landscape with different paths and access ways for students and vehicles alike".[121]
Student life[edit]
The students of RPI have created and participate in a variety of student-run clubs and organizations funded by the Student Union. The Union is unusual in that it is entirely student-run and its operations are paid for by activity fees. About 170 of these organizations are funded by the Student Union, while another thirty, which consist mostly of political and religious organizations, are self-supporting.[122] In 2006 the Princeton Review ranked RPI second for "more to do on campus."[123]
Phalanx is RPI's Senior Honor Society.[124] It was founded in 1912, when Edward Dion and the Student Council organized a society to recognize those RPI students who had distinguished themselves among their peers in the areas of leadership, service and devotion to the alma mater. It is a fellowship of the most active in student activities and has inducted more than 1,300 members since its founding.[125]
Greek organizations are popular with about 30 social fraternities and five sororities. There are two co‑ed fraternities, Psi Upsilon, a social fraternity, while the other, Alpha Phi Omega, is a service fraternity. As such, about a third of men are in fraternities and about a fifth of women are in sororities. (See the List of RPI fraternities and sororities.)
RPI has around twenty intramural sports organizations, many of which are broken down into different divisions based on level of play. Greek organizations compete in them as well as independent athletes. There are also thirty-nine club sports.
Given the university's proximity to the Berkshires, Green Mountains and Adirondacks, the Ski Club and the Outing Club are some of the largest groups on campus. The Ski Club offers weekly trips to local ski areas during the winter months,[126] while the Outing Club offers trips on a weekly basis for a variety of activities.[127]
The Rensselaer Polytechnic is the student-run weekly newspaper.[128] The Poly prints about 7,000 copies each week and distributes them around campus. Although it is the Union club with the largest budget, The Poly receives no subsidy from the Union, and obtains all funding through the sale of advertisements. There was also a popular student-run magazine called Statler & Waldorf which has since ceased printing.[129]
RPI has an improvisational comedy group, Sheer Idiocy, which performs several shows a semester.[130] There are also several music groups ranging from a cappella groups such as the Rensselyrics, the Rusty Pipes, Partial Credit and Duly Noted,[131] to several instrumental groups such as the Orchestra, the Jazz Band and a classical choral group, the Rensselaer Concert Choir.
Another notable organization on campus is WRPI, the campus radio station. WRPI differs from most college radio in that it serves a 75-mile (121 km) radius[132] including the greater Albany area. With 10 kW of broadcasting power, WRPI maintains a stronger signal than nearly all college radio stations and some commercial stations. WRPI currently broadcasts on 91.5 FM in the Albany area.
The RPI Players is an on‑campus theater group that was formed in 1929. The Players resided in the Old Gym until 1965 when they moved to their present location at the 15th Street Lounge. This distinctive red shingled building had been a USO hall for the U.S. Army before being purchased by RPI. The Players have staged over 275 productions in its history.[133]
RPI songs[edit]
There are a number of songs commonly played and sung at RPI events.[134][135] Notable among them are:
- The Alma Mater (Here's to Old RPI) - sung at formal events such as commencement and convocation, also played and sung by the Pep Band at hockey and football games. It was published in the first book of Songs of Rensselaer printed in 1913.
- Hail, Dear Old Rensselaer - used to be the fight song during the 1960s. It is still played today by the Pep Band at athletic events.
- All We've Learned at Rensselaer - sung at the RPI commencement ceremonies by the Rensselyrics. Although the Rensselyrics are an a cappella group, this song is accompanied by piano. Each verse or section has a different musical style, several of which are closely based on Billy Joel songs or other popular songs.
First Year Experience and CLASS programs[edit]
Another notable aspect of student life at RPI is the "First-Year Experience" (FYE) program. Freshman begin their stay at RPI with a week called "Navigating Rensselaer and Beyond" or NRB week. The Office of the First-Year Experience provides several programs that extend to not only freshman, but to all students. These include family weekend, community service days, the Information and Personal Assistance Center (IPAC), and the Community Advocate Program.[136] Recently the FYE program was awarded the 2006 NASPA Excellence Gold Award, in the category of "Enrollment Management, Orientation, Parents, First-Year, Other-Year and related".[137]
Since 2008, Jackson's administration has led an effort to form the CLASS Initiative ("Clustered Learning Advocacy and Support for Students"), which requires all sophomores to live on campus and to live with special "residence cluster deans".[138] The transition to this program began in early 2010 among some resistance from some fraternities and students who had planned to live off campus.[139][140]
Notable alumni[edit]
According to the Rensselaer Alumni Association, there are around 90,000 RPI graduates currently living in the United States, and another 4,378 living abroad.[141] In 1995, the Alumni Association created the Rensselaer Alumni Hall of Fame.[142]
Several notable 19th century civil engineers graduated from RPI. These include the visionary of the transcontinental railroad, Theodore Judah, Brooklyn Bridge engineer Washington Roebling, George W. G. Ferris (who designed and built the original Ferris Wheel) and Leffert L. Buck, the chief engineer of the Williamsburg Bridge in New York City.[142]
Many RPI graduates have made important inventions, including Allen B. DuMont ('24),[143] creator of the first commercial television; Keith D. Millis ('38),[144] inventor of ductile iron; Ted Hoff ('58),[145] father of the microprocessor; Raymond Tomlinson ('63),[146] often credited with the invention of e-mail; inventor of the digital camera Steven Sasson[147] and Curtis Priem ('82), designer of the first graphics processor for the PC, and co-founder of NVIDIA.
In addition to NVIDIA, RPI graduates have also gone on to found or co-found major companies such as John Wiley and Sons, Texas Instruments, Fairchild Semiconductor, PSINet, MapInfo, Adelphia Communications, Level 3 Communications, Garmin, and Bugle Boy. Several RPI graduates have played a part in the U.S. space program: George Low (B.Eng. 1948, M.S. 1950) was manager of the Apollo 11 project and served as president of RPI, and astronauts John L. Swigert, Jr., Richard Mastracchio, Gregory R. Wiseman, and space tourist Dennis Tito are alumni.
Political figures who graduated from RPI included federal judge Arthur J. Gajarsa (B.S. 1962), DARPA director Tony Tether, Representative John Olver of Massachusetts's 1st congressional district, and Senators Mark Shepard of Vermont and George R. Dennis of Maryland.
Notable ice hockey players include NHL Hockey Hall of Famer and 5-time NHL All Star Adam Oates (1985), Stanley Cup winner and former NHL All Star Mike McPhee (1982), two-time Calder Cup winner Neil Little (1994), former NHL All Rookie Joé Juneau (1991), and former NHL All Star Daren Puppa (1985).
Other notable alumni include 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics winner Ivar Giaever (Ph.D. 1964);[148] director of Linux International Jon Hall (M.S. 1977); NCAA president Myles Brand (B.S. 1964);[149] adult stem cell pioneer James Fallon; Michael D. West, gerontologist and stem cell scientist, founder of Geron, now CEO of BioTime (1976); director Bobby Farrelly (1981),[150] and David Ferrucci, lead researcher on IBM's Watson/Jeopardy! project.
See also[edit]
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- ^ a b c Ricketts, Palmer C. (1934). History of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1934, Third Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 34.
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- ^ The RIP has been studied by Leifer et al. (2000), O'Connor, Hendricks, and Rice (2002), O'Connor and Rice (2001), O'Connor and Veryzer (2001), Rice, Leifer, and O'Connor (2002), Rice et al. (2001)
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- ^ "The Rediff Interview/Steven J Sasson, inventor of the digital camera". Rediff.com India Limited.
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- ^ Tracey Leibach, "Why is this man smiling?
Further reading[edit]
- Baker, Ray Palmer (1924). A Chapter in American Education: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1924. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. OCLC 1982907.
- Greene, Benjamin Franklin (1855). The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute: Its Reorganization in 1849-50, Its Condition at the Present Time, Its Plans and Hopes for the Future. Troy, NY: D.H. Jones & Co. OCLC 41976314.
- Nason, Henry B. (1855). Biographical Record of the Officers and Graduates of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1886. Troy, NY: D.H. Jones & Co. OCLC 1675616.
- Phelan, Thomas; D. Michael Ross; Car Westerdahll (1995). Rensselaer: Where Imagination Achieves the Impossible. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. OCLC 33427362.
- Rezneck, Samuel (1968). Education for a Technological Society: A Sesquicentennial History of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. OCLC 33427362.
- Ricketts, Palmer C. (1934). History of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1934, Third Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. OCLC 3050727.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. |
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- RPI Athletics
- RPI Student Union
- Institute Archives and Special Collections
- Not the Rensselaer Wiki
- A Postcard History of RPI
- "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
Coordinates: 42°43′48″N 73°40′39″W / 42.7300°N 73.6775°W
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Education in New York's Capital District
- Universities and colleges in New York
- Technical universities and colleges
- Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
- Association of Independent Technological Universities
- Educational institutions established in 1824
- National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities members
- Visitor attractions in Rensselaer County, New York
- Education in Rensselaer County, New York
- 1824 establishments in New York
- University Art Museums and Galleries of New York


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2 Elliots, 1 ShowEliot Chang's "Comedy Central Presents" half hour special was voted #2 favorite special in the Comedy Central Stand Up Showdown 2011. Other TV appearance include E!'s "Chelsea Lately" and Showtime's "Minority Report." Sharp biting opinions combined with his trademark polished wardrobe make Eliot's live performances memorable. Every year Eliot tours America for 8 months and has performed at over 400 colleges. This comedian is also an actor and improviser. He studied improv in NY at the Upright Citizens Brigade (UCB) and then with Armando Diaz at the Magnet Theater, where he was on the house team "Jungle! Jungle!" Born and raised in NY, Eliot moved to Los Angeles in 2007. He travels regularly between both coasts for projects. Web site: www.echang.com |
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Spark knock
I am getting what I believe to be spark knock in my girlfreind's 93 Tempo.
I originaly thought it was the power steering pump, by identifying the knocking sound with a wooden dowel rod. The car knocks at idle, and when under load (wheel locked, or heat / ac on). It give a slight knock occasionally at idle, loud when under load, or in neutral at idle. I have cheacked the air filter, and have cleaned the Mass air flow sensor (with elictral spray contact cleaner). There is a second sensor at the other end of the air duct that the MAF is on. Unless someone else has an idea, next I will clean this sensor, and re-clean the MAF. Thanks in advance. Scott |
August 20th, 2007, 11:02 PM | #3 |
Senior Member
There are a few things that can throw you off on a knock.
Is it loader when the engine is cold? - Exhaust gasket. Tried high octane fuel and it went away? or minimized? Edit: Oh - 93 Tempo - scrap it - jk I did however see a lot of those engines take a crap - lots of airflow through the valve cover (oil fill) was the first clue. |
August 21st, 2007, 12:10 AM | #4 |
Titles are over rated
valve cover does not look great. I will try premium gas, and see, as far as if it does it more when cold I will drive it for a couple of days and see.
The car overall is in good shape less than 80k on it. I don't think I mentioned, when I took the belt off and started it, the sound was gone, that is why I started looking at external components, and ruled out the concerns in the block. I then did the back yard Mechanic's trick of listening with a dowel rod, to try to pick up the knocking. From this it sounded like it could have been the power steering, or the a/c unit. Power steering pump was more crucial, I tried that one first. Thanks again for the help and suggestions. |
August 21st, 2007, 11:25 AM | #5 | |
Senior Member
August 21st, 2007, 04:14 PM | #8 |
AC and PS pumps will knock
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We bought Cahill to make him on the bench... aVB will now put this player against ManU im guessing.. The limit of sutpidity is that he didnt even give him a single full game to get familiar with mates and develop understanding so he will be confident enough to go into Manchester Clash! Chelsea's season has been haunted by poor managerial decisions more than poor forms... I hope this changes!
This Sunday Man United are going to win against Chelsea. What a rubbish/poor game by Chelsea. 15 matches remains in Premier League, and Chelsea will lose all of those 15 matches starting this Sunday against Man United. And Chelsea won't make it in the top 4, and they will not even qualify for Champions League next season. Chelsea will end up being in either 5th or 6th place in the League table. Swansea was just awesome during this match. The truth hurts Chelsea. Anyway good luck in your downfall. (EVIL F*KING LAUGH).
LoL someone is having a hard time digesting 5 point deficit and a draw to villareal.. i hope ur life gets better.. haha!
He's just a hater, I think that Chelsea can pull it off.
P.S ( not really against you Isenblud): so Champ119, you're saying that since chelsea just drew, that's the beginning of a downfall, so since Barca just drew 3 games in a row ( Madrid, Villareal, Valencia) would you call that halfway the downfall?
P.S ( not really against you Isenblud): so Champ119, you're saying that since chelsea just drew, that's the beginning of a downfall, so since Barca just drew 3 games in a row ( Madrid, Villareal, Valencia) would you call that halfway the downfall?
@Isenblund: this all is coming from me, only me. That's my opinion, and if you don't like, then don't comment at all. Period. @Ch3ls3a and @Rokudaime03: Spending that much money doesn't guarantee you titles and etc, Jabronis. And yeah, this not goes for Chelsea but for Madrid as well. You may win the League title, but not Champions League. As for Chelsea, they can only dream about playing in the Champions League next season. You talked about pulling it off. I think that Arsenal will bounce back on the top 4. Never count Arsenal out in the Premier League.
You said Chelsea will lose all 15 of their last games. That's not your opinion. That's just stupidity.
a pakistani who doesn't support his country he lives in or supports a club dear to him talking s**t...is there anything new?
After seeing Chelsea's logo first it was pretty obvious they'd want their team to win, bear in mind that not only do chelsea appear strong on paper, they are also coming in with a form backed by last season. lets see who gets the last laugh on matchday.
sturridge... is selfish... and torres is still trying to get in form... i think he should pass more to torres... or atleast try to take higher percentage / clear shots.. it seems like he tries to make something out of nothing... like yeah he can try replicate DROGBA's unbelievable season like a few years ago... but i dont think its the best for the chelsea team atm
the only reason I came here is because I wanted to see if torres has scored...I really dunno why I'm always shocked after I see that he didn't..Ă´Ă"...
Wow, that is the epitome of unlucky...
Much respect to Sinclair both for his skill and his restraint to celebrate against his former team.
Much respect to Sinclair both for his skill and his restraint to celebrate against his former team.
WHAAAAAAAAAAT? chelsea deserved nothing from this game, are you kidding me? should've been been a like a 3-0 swansea victory, you dirty chelsea
Swansea really deserve the win. Chelsea didnt. if Chelsea keep playing like this, then sorry man your 4th place will be robbed (by Arsenal XD :D)
Oh...and i assume arsenal are playing well enough to gain 4th place, seeing arteta's comment i think not. Also it's not chelsea's even though they currently occupy the slot, it's pretty much any of Liverpool, Arsenal and might i add Newcastle as well.
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Famous Stars & Straps Twitch Strike T-Shirt
SALE $21.00 was $26.00 Item #35450106262- Front graphic t-shirt
Famous Stars &Straps Twitch Strike T-Shirt 1 1
Shrinks a LOT in the washer/dryer Not only did this shirt shrink to a size medium from an XL but it lost it's color and is extremely faded. This shirt looked good the first few times but did not last past a few wearings. November 29, 2012
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Karens response
True Story, Male/Female, Toys
Author's infos
Gender: Male Age: 65 Location: South bay, Ca.
Posted: 2011-03-24
Written by a friend
Female age 53
I spoke to an old friend named John last week and he told me about a story he had written and published on XNXX that I might find interesting. If you have read it you would know me as Karen and him as jimjr1945. After reading his story and becoming very aroused by the memories it brought back, I contacted him again to ask about his reason for it's creation. We had a very special and intimate relationship for more than three year. It ended many years ago with us both married to different people but staying life long friends. I live in Silicon Valley and he is about 50 miles South. We have not seen each other since we married. We stay in touch by phone and e-mail at least monthly but never meet to keep from destroying marriages and hurting our spouses. Neither of them knows about our past together. I don't correspond with John on a phone of computer my husband has access to and I'm sure he will never read any of this.
When we spoke John said he had written a couple of stories and was enjoying it. He also said if I wanted to write a reply or rebuttal to his story he would publish it without making any changes. I can't join as a member using my work e-mail address. Even though he posted it as "fiction" most of it is near the truth. To my regret I do not see myself as looking that much like Charlize but most of the rest of his physical description is close.
I think his interest was in what caused my fixation with being filled to the max. as he named it. That started in my childhood I think with hearing my parents having sex and my fathers bitching and complaining afterward. He never seemed to care about the proximity of us kids when fucking or complaining. Most often following sex my father would complain about the size of my mothers vagina. It was usually refereed to as her gash or cunt. My mother never complained about the size or lack of size his cock had to offer or bothered to argue with him. I never saw it but have always wanted to believe he was a dinky dick and abused her verbally to cover up his short comings. Foreplay to him seemed to be unzipping his pants. He would often walk into the kitchen, push mom over the sink or table, lift her dress and screw her from behind before she could stop him. This happened even with company in the house. Never seemed to take more than a minute and I'm sure she never had a climax or any sexual fulfillment. We would all scatter when hew was around or be included in his constant abusive verbal harassment of mom.
He was a beer drinking good old boy and would often sit around in a mild stupor making comments about the size of her snatch and how he should buy a whole ham, shove it into her cunt and then remove the bone before he fucked her. He was a mechanic and it had something to do with resleeving her cylinder. I think this and many other analogies he voiced at the time made me more aware of a need to have the tightest vagina in the world and be able to cause my sex partners pain or pleasure at will.
My older sister and I started experimenting early. We shared a room and bed from the earliest time I can remember. Comparing vagina's in the bath started when I was about five and soon progressed to mutual and self masturbation. I didn't have a full orgasm until I was 8 or 9. With our fathers big mouth and his lack of modesty we figured out early things could be inserted in either hole and manipulated to cause pleasure. I don't remember when or how I broke my hymen so it must not have been a very remarkable of painful experience. We soon had a large collection of pencils, candles and other phallic shaped devices that we used on ourselves and each other. I enjoyed manual finger stimulation the most but felt when I had something inserted that there was a spot deep inside that I couldn't quite reach that would bring greater pleasure. I had found an empty flat shaped long necked hand lotion bottle that became my favorite toy. Wearing a play dress and no panty's I would squat on the floor above it then slowly insert it. My sister and I would play jacks or a card game in our room and I would be squatting there impaled on the long neck bottle but from all appearances be involved in the game but with a lot of wiggling and squirming around. I would squat there slowly rocking back and forth in absolute bliss for hours at a time play games or dolls.
My mother walked in once with an arm load of clothes for each of us to put away and I had to stand up while holding the bottle with nothing but my vagina muscles. I was amazed that I could hold the long wet slick bottle inside until she left. This started my experimenting walking around with it and other things inserted. I filled the bottle with hot water for extra stimulation and weight. And with practice was able to lift it off the floor. The bottle soon became my piggy bank and was filled with penny's. It wasn't to wide so it didn't make my walking step that strange and I was soon venturing about the house with it held in place by pussy power as my sister called. She had attempted it several times and was not successful for more than a few seconds at a time even without weight in it. I once answered the door with it inserted and held a short conversation with a neighbor looking for my father. It was giving me quite a naughty tingling inside to stand there talking to him with my pussy filled. When I returned to my room I had to masturbate immediately and enjoyed a delightful orgasm. I would get wet every time I saw him after that and was only about 9 or 10 years old.
As I started to develop breasts I loved having my nipples pulled and pinched by my sister. I soon found that rubber bands tied around my nipples and weighted were another delightful device to keep me sexually aroused. If I removed my loose fitting blouse it looked like I was wearing earrings on them. Running with rubber band held weights attached to my nipples is a most arousing feeling, causing them to bounce and stretch as they rub against the blouse fabric. They were most always in a state of erection.
By the time I was in my teens I had vagina muscle control that would make a hooker envious. Every man I have ever had sex with thinks he broke my cherry, even though they know I have two children. It has been of benefit in more ways than that. I have avoided being raped twice by simply flexing my muscles and making it impossible for the asshole to get it in. The first one was quite a laugh being an attractive Filipino man who worked in a dental lab. I probably would have screwed him but he lied about wanting to show me something in the lab and tried force instead of seduction. I became angry when he got physical and started slapping me around. He managed to tie my hands behind me and proceeded to tear my blouse open and rip off my panty's. When he kept trying to insert his cock but failed the frustration made him so angry he sobbed like a child. Even though I was scared and bruised I kept laughing at him and making fun of his limp dick. At the end he begged me not to report him. I'm sure he had done this before and gotten away with it but I didn't want the hassle with no evidence but bruises and red cheeks from the slaps. The other incident was too brutal and frightening to bring to mind or repeat.
John refereed to a story I read when I was 15 about fist fucking. This was before the common use of the computer and after the appearance of Tijuana Bibles which I also enjoyed. With the age of re-pro machines people were writing sex related stories and copying them for distribution among the younger set. I had read several that I quite enjoyed. I was then given one that contained the first reference I had ever seen or heard that talked about the insertion of a persons hand and part of the forearm into a young woman's vagina at an all girls school. I didn't know if this was really possible or if it was some spoof that would make me out to be an idiot if I questioned it. Never the less I was hooked and made careful inquiries if anyone had heard of or attempted it. Most answers I got were are you out of your mind. I didn't find anyone until John that I felt comfortable discussing or attempting it with. When he suggested it I knew I was in for the wildest thing I would ever attempt sexually and could hardly wait. I think that was the thing that made me fall totally in lust with him. It had been on my mind and in my fantasies for the better part of 20 years. I have had a full fist fucking five times in my life and all of them were with John. They were the most sexually intense and fulfilling experiences I ever had and the most physically depleting. I have not attempted it again since we were together. I think about it often with lust in my heart but don't think I will ever try it again.
One of the talents I acquired in my early twenties was the cathertization process I used on John several times. This was learned from a girl friend of mine who worked at the county hospital. She had an attractive roommate who had expressed a desire to have a three way with her another girl. She had avoided it for some time and finally decided to give him his wish. Their relationship was coming to an end and I think she had wanted to have sex with me for a long time. She asked if I would and told me at the time they would be splitting up soon anyway so not to feel that this would cause them problems. I was curious since I had not shared a sexual experience with another female except my sister. We had not experimented with oral sex and I wanted very much to taste another woman. Some men like to give a woman oral stimulation but I have always believed only a woman knows what will most please another.
When we three got together it was crazy. I think her boy friend was disappointed. He seemed to enjoy the two of us working him over. This was where she instructed me in the use of a catheter and he loved watching use go down on each other but it was kind of a blow to his ego when he realized he was the third wheel. The two of us were enjoying each other much more than we were him. For all of his good looks and great body he was more into himself and failed to consider his partners pleasure which she confirmed later to be the major contributing factor to their breakup. I found that licking and sucking on a woman and receiving the same is an experience all women should have at least once with an open mind. I will never be a lesbian for the need of being filled and the security of living with a male, but will always cherish the experiences I have had sharing the pleasures of an uninhibited attractive woman's body.
I still do my house work often with a weighted dildo inserted but wear a skirt or dress to hide it. I still have several orgasms each day and hope I can continue the rest of my life. My husband knows I posses and use dildos for self pleasure but does not know about my strange exercise program. I love him dearly but some people will always be a little prudish. He gets to reap the benefits often even though we are getting older and he is still amazed by what I can do with the muscles in my vagina. I would suggest any woman try it because it's never to late. I can still contract and manipulate my pussy and have an orgasm with out touching myself. It can do wonders for a persons attitude if you pass the time while sitting through a dull meeting or presentation enjoying a fantasy and orgasm at will.
I have started reading many of the stories on this site and enjoy the True and Written by Women most of all. The written by women true stories seem to be a little more believable.
John never made good on his suggestion of having me used by an animal. It is an intriguing idea. I have seen some of the internet photos and movie clips and read many stories. It will have to remain a fantasy for now or my husband would have a coronary. A little beyond his sexual desires or fantasys (or is it??).I may have to talk to him about getting a dog. A very very very large one. By all love Karen
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anonymous reader
2011-03-30 13:46:42
i love it. a mind opener. i hope you can write more. this is the type i like to read. more details on the sex please...
2011-03-25 10:58:22
What a refreshing change of style; I enjoyed reading it; it was like a personal letter.
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Man Uses Crappy Looking Robot To Keep Bums From Hanging Out Near His Bar
Rufus Terrill had a dream. A dream of a bar where bums in downtown Atlanta don't hang out and cause problems. Well that dream was quickly fading until he was struck with an idea. An idea of a robot. A robot that looks like a piece of shit and urinates water out of a magic wand. Enter Robo-Cop (aka Bum-Bot), Terrill's brainchild.
The four-foot tall, 300-pound body consists of an old smoker mounted atop an electric scooter. He's mounted a spot light, infrared camera, loud speaker, and water cannon inside the chassis, then wrapped the whole thing in rubber and painted it a menacing black.
Using a remote control and walkie-talkie Terrill notifies vagrants they're trespassing, and if they refuse to leave he douses them. The results have been met with mixed reactions. Some (drunk bar patrons cheering the robot on) think it's awesome. Others, namely the director of the homeless shelter up the block, think it's cruel and unusual. The police agree that if the water cannon is used unprovoked, that it constitutes assault.
Now I don't know how many bums out there are reading this, but if you are, let me give you some schooling: Don't fight the machine. A robot is only as tough as the pederast-looking guy with glasses that's holding the remote control. That is where you will find the source of the robot's power. And the keys to the cash register and liquor closet. Use this knowledge wisely, class is dismissed.
Atlanta Man Unleashes Robo-Cop on Neighborhood [switched]
Seen here blatantly ignoring a customer to count his Goldfish cracker collection, a PR2 robot programmed to bartend prepares to get the pink slip. Then threaten to kill its manager. See? This is exactly why we shouldn't have robots in the workplace! Based on what I gathered... / Continue →
This is a commercial for waterproof watches that envisions an underwater bar where everybody wears diving helmets and carries around drinks with super-long straws so they can snake them up to their lips. What fun! Just kidding, what watered-down drinks. Get it? WATERED down... / Continue →
There's quality journalism and then there's quality journalism. And this is the latter. I'm talking about words strung together so profoundly that Putlizer himself just rolled over in his grave and shat a printing press. BERVARD COUNTY, Fla. -- The Brevard County doctor who ... / Continue →


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Sea Lion Kiss $ (Weekends & Holidays) Time(s): 1:00pm, 2:45pm (Weekends & Holidays) Description:
Don't miss an opportunity for a unique encounter you'll never forget - a kiss (and keepsake photo!) from one of our lovable California Sea Lion, Java. Weekends & Holidays.
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Super Bowl kick-off is Sunday and we have what you need to get ready: Grab last-minute bargains before preparing tasty "mocktails" for your pals and then vacuum up the den. ...
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The book, Lean Body, Fat Wallet, guides readers into four habits that can help them lose weight and wipe out debt, both for the long haul.
The first big holiday shopping week is behind us and so is Cyber Monday. ...


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Phenylephrine Tumescence for Hemostasis in Surgery for Burn Injury
- Full Text View
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- How to Read a Study Record
The standard of care for treatment of burn injury is to inject a solution of epinephrine under the skin of the injured site in order to reduce blood loss during skin grafting. This solution of epinephrine has been shown to have effects on the body outside the donor site. Some people have increases in heart rate and blood pressure. We will study the effect of a phenylephrine solution in place of an epinephrine solution to control blood loss. We think that phenylephrine will help decrease blood loss and not change blood pressure or heart rate.
The injured area will be injected under the skin and a skin graft will be taken in the same way as we usually do. The only change will be the use of phenylephrine in the solution instead of epinephrine.
Our goal is to find whether or not phenylephrine or epinephrine solution results in a reduction of blood loss without affecting the rest of the body.
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
Blood Loss, Surgical |
Drug: Phenylephrine |
Phase 1 |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | Phenylephrine Tumescence for Hemostasis in Surgery for Burn Injury - A Randomized Control Trial |
- Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) [ Time Frame: during first 30 minutes ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]Mean arterial blood pressure
- Blood Pressure [ Time Frame: q15 min ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
Cut off for safety: Diastolic >140 or Systolic >180;
- just prior to induction of anesthesia
- maximum heart rate during time of procedure
- minimum heart rate during time of procedure
- Heart Rate [ Time Frame: q15 min ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
- just prior to induction of anesthesia
- maximum heart rate during time of procedure
- minimum heart rate during time of procedure
Estimated Enrollment: | 24 |
Study Start Date: | September 2013 |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | December 2015 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date: | November 2014 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Arms | Assigned Interventions |
Experimental: Phenylephrine
20 ug/cc
Drug: Phenylephrine |
Active Comparator: Epinephrine
Drug: Phenylephrine |
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 75 Years |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Burn injury requiring debridement and grafting between 5-30% total body surface area
- Areas are not tourniquet able (i.e. trunk, proximal limbs)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Head and neck, hand, foot, or genital burns
- On anticoagulants (except Plavix or NSAIDS)
- Coronary or peripheral vascular disease
- History of arrhythmias
- On a Beta-blocker
- History of vascular abnormality
- Hypertension
Contact: Justin Gawaziuk, MSc | 2047873669 | email@example.com |
No publications provided
Responsible Party: | University of Manitoba |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01731444 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | PhenylephrineRCT |
Study First Received: | November 15, 2012 |
Last Updated: | August 12, 2013 |
Health Authority: | Canada: Health Canada |
Keywords provided by University of Manitoba:
blood loss burn hemostasis |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Burns Hemorrhage Blood Loss, Surgical Wounds and Injuries Pathologic Processes Intraoperative Complications Hemostatics Phenylephrine Oxymetazoline Coagulants Hematologic Agents Therapeutic Uses Pharmacologic Actions Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists |
Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic Agents Neurotransmitter Agents Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Physiological Effects of Drugs Cardiotonic Agents Cardiovascular Agents Mydriatics Autonomic Agents Peripheral Nervous System Agents Sympathomimetics Vasoconstrictor Agents Nasal Decongestants Respiratory System Agents Protective Agents |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 06, 2014