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Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Atal Bihari Vajpayee | |
10th Prime Minister of India | |
In office 19 March 1998 – 19 May 2004 |
President | K. R. Narayanan A. P. J. Abdul Kalam |
Preceded by | I. K. Gujral |
Succeeded by | Manmohan Singh |
In office 16 May 1996 – 1 June 1996 |
President | Shankar Dayal Sharma |
Preceded by | P. V. Narasimha Rao |
Succeeded by | H. D. Deve Gowda |
Minister of External Affairs | |
In office 26 March 1977 – 28 July 1979 |
Prime Minister | Morarji Desai |
Preceded by | Yashwantrao Chavan |
Succeeded by | Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra |
Personal details | |
Born | Gwalior, Gwalior State, Central India Agency, British India (now in Madhya Pradesh, India) |
25 December 1924
Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
Other political affiliations |
Bharatiya Jana Sangh (Before 1980) |
Spouse(s) | Never married |
Children | 1 Daughter (Adopted) |
Alma mater | Victoria College (Now Laxmibai College), Gwalior DAV College, Kanpur |
Religion | Hindu |
Website | atalbiharibajpai.com |
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (born 25 December 1924) is an Indian statesman who served as the 10th Prime Minister of India, in three non-consecutive terms, first for 13 days in 1996, then for 13 months from 1998 to 1999 and then from 1999 to 2004 for a full five year term.
A parliamentarian for over five decades, Vajpayee was elected to the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India's Parliament) nine times, and twice to the Rajya Sabha (upper house).[1] He is the only parliamentarian to have been elected from four different states at different times (Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Delhi.) He won his first election from Balrampur and later he moved to Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, until 2009, when he retired from active politics due to health concerns.
Vajpayee was among the founding members of the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh political party and had also been its President. He was also the Minister of External Affairs in the cabinet of Morarji Desai.
- 1 Early life and education
- 2 Early political career (1942-1975)
- 3 Political career (1975-1995)
- 4 As prime minister of India (1996 to 2004)
- 5 2004 general election
- 6 Later career
- 7 Personal life and interests
- 8 Awards
- 9 Works
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was born to Krishna Devi and Krishna Bihari Vajpayee on 25 December 1924 in a middle-class Brahmin family in Gwalior. His grandfather, Pandit Shyam Lal Vajpayee, had migrated to Gwalior from his ancestral village of Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh. His father, Krishna Bihari Vajpayee, was a poet and a schoolmaster in his hometown. Vajpayee did his schooling from the Saraswati Shishu Mandir, Gorkhi, Bara, Gwalior. Vajpayee attended Gwalior's Victoria College (now Laxmi Bai College) and graduated with distinction in Hindi, English and Sanskrit. He completed his post-graduation with an M.A. in Political Science from DAV College, Kanpur, and was awarded a first-class degree.[2]
Later he became a full-time worker of the Hindu nationalist organisation[citation needed] Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). For a while Vajpayee studied law, but midstream he chose to become a journalist. This choice was largely influenced by the fact that as a student he had been an activist in India's struggle for freedom. He edited Rashtradharma (a Hindi monthly), Panchjanya (a Hindi weekly) and the dailies Swadesh and Veer Arjun. Vajpayee never married and has remained a bachelor his entire life.
Early political career (1942-1975)[edit]
Vajpayee's first exposure to politics was in August 1942, when he and his elder brother Prem were arrested for 23 days during the Quit India movement, when he was released only after giving a written undertaking, expressly declaring not to participate in any of the anti-British struggle and naming the underground leaders, leading the 'Quit India Movement' .[3]
In 1951, he was deputed to work for the newly formed Bharatiya Jana Sangh, a right-wing political party associated with the RSS that espoused the Hindu cause. He soon became a follower and aide of party leader Syama Prasad Mookerjee. In 1954, Vajpayee was with Mookerjee when he went on a fast-unto-death in Kashmir to protest against perceived inferior treatment of non-Kashmiri Indian visitors to the state. Mookerjee died in prison during this strike. In 1957, Vajpayee was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's Parliament, from Balrampur. There, his oratorial skills so impressed Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru that he predicted that Vajpayee would someday become India's Prime Minister.[4]
By virtue of his oratorical and organizational skills, he became the face of the Jana Sangh. After the tragic death of Deendayal Upadhyaya, the mantle of the leadership of Jana Sangh fell on the shoulders of a young Vajpayee. He became the national president of the Jana Sangh in 1968 and, along with Nanaji Deshmukh, Balraj Madhok and Lal Krishna Advani, led the Jana Sangh to national prominence.
Political career (1975-1995)[edit]
From 1975 to 1977, Vajpayee was arrested along with several other opposition leaders during the Internal Emergency imposed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of the Indian National Congress party. In 1977, heeding the call of social reformer Jayaprakash Narayan for all the opposition parties to unite against the Congress, Vajpayee merged the Jana Sangh into the newly formed grand-alliance, the Janata Party.[5]
Following Janata's victory in the 1977 general elections, he became the Minister of External Affairs in Prime Minister Morarji Desai's cabinet. As foreign minister, that year Vajpayee became the first person to deliver a speech to the United Nations General Assembly in Hindi. By the time the Janata government crumbled in 1979, Vajpayee had established himself as an experienced statesman and a respected political leader.[5]
The Janata Party was dissolved soon after Morarji Desai resigned as Prime Minister in 1979. The Jana Sangh had devoted its political organisation to sustain the coalition and was left exhausted by the internecine political wars within the Janata Party.
Vajpayee joined many of his Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh colleagues, particularly his long-time friends Lal Krishna Advani and Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, to form the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in 1980. He became the BJP's first President. He emerged as a strong critic of the Congress (I) government that followed the Janata[disambiguation needed] government.
While the BJP opposed the Sikh militancy that was rising in the state of Punjab, it also blamed Prime Minister Indira Gandhi for her divisive and corrupt politics that fostered such militancy at the expense of national unity and integrity.[6] The BJP did not support Operation Blue Star and strongly protested against the violence towards Sikhs in Delhi that broke out in 1984 following the assassination of Indira Gandhi by two of her Sikh bodyguards[citation needed]. The BJP was left with only two parliamentary seats in the 1984 elections. During this period, Vajpayee remained at the centre-stage as party President and Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament.
The BJP became the political voice of the Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir Movement, which was led by activists of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) and the RSS, and which sought to build a temple dedicated to Lord Rama in Ayodhya.
Victory in the assembly elections in Gujarat and Maharashtra in March 1995, and a good performance in the elections to the Karnataka assembly in December 1994, propelled the BJP to greater political prominence. During a BJP conference in Mumbai in November 1995, BJP President L.K. Advani declared that Vajpayee would become the Prime Minister of India. The BJP won in the May 1996 parliamentary elections.[7]
As prime minister of India (1996 to 2004)[edit]
Vajpayee served as the Prime Minister of India from 1996 to 2004 in three non-consecutive terms.
First term: May 1996[edit]
The BJP grew in strength in the early 1995s riding on pro nationalistic sentiments. In the 1996 general elections, the BJP emerged as the single largest party in the Lok Sabha. The then president Shankar Dayal Sharma invited Vajpayee to form the government. Vajpayee was sworn in as the 10th Prime Minister of India, but the BJP failed to muster enough support from other parties to obtain a majority. He resigned after 13 days, when it became clear that he could not garner a majority.
Second term: 1998–1999[edit]
After the fall of the two United Front governments between 1996 and 1998, the Lok Sabha was dissolved and fresh elections were held. The 1998 general elections again put the BJP ahead of others. This time, a cohesive bloc of political parties joined the BJP to form the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), and Vajpayee was sworn in as the Prime Minister.[8]
The NDA proved its majority in the parliament. The government lasted 13 months until mid-1999 when the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) under J. Jayalalitha withdrew its support to the government.[9] The government lost the ensuing vote of confidence motion in the Lok Sabha by a single vote. As the Opposition was unable to come up with the numbers to form the new government, the Lok Sabha was again dissolved and fresh elections were held. Vajpayee remaining the Prime Minister until the elections were held.
Nuclear tests[edit]
In May 1998, India conducted five underground nuclear tests in Pokhran desert in Rajasthan. The tests were held just a month after the government had been in power. Two weeks later, Pakistan responded with its own nuclear tests making it the newest declared nation with nuclear weapons.
While some nations, such as Russia and France, endorsed India's right to defensive nuclear power,[10] others including the United States, Canada, Japan, Britain and the European Union imposed sanctions on information, resources and technology to India. In spite of the intense international criticism and the steady decline in foreign investment and trade, the nuclear tests were popular domestically. Effectively the international sanctions failed completely in swaying India's decision to weaponize their nuclear capability, something that was planned for and anticipated by the Vajpayee administration.[11]
The Lahore summit[edit]
In late 1998 and early 1999, Vajpayee began a push for a full-scale diplomatic peace process with Pakistan. With the historic inauguration of the Delhi-Lahore bus service in February 1999, Vajpayee initiated a new peace process aimed towards permanently resolving the Kashmir dispute and other conflicts with Pakistan. The resultant Lahore Declaration espoused a commitment to dialogue, expanded trade relations and mutual friendship and envisaged a goal of denuclearised South Asia. This eased the tension created by the 1998 nuclear tests, not only within the two nations but also in South Asia and the rest of the world.
The Vajpayee-led government was faced with two crises in mid-1999. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) had continually threatened to withdraw from the coalition and national leaders repeatedly flew down from Delhi to Chennai to pacify the AIADMK chief J. Jayalalitha. However, in May 1999, the AIADMK did pull the plug on the NDA, and the Vajpayee administration was reduced to a caretaker status pending fresh elections scheduled for October 1999.
Kargil War[edit]
It was revealed that militants and non-uniformed Pakistani soldiers (many with official identifications and Pakistan Army's custom weaponry) had infiltrated into the Kashmir Valley and captured control of border hilltops, unmanned border posts and were spreading out fast. The incursion was centred around the town of Kargil, but also included the Batalik and Akhnoor sectors and artillery exchanges at the Siachen Glacier.
Indian army units were swiftly rushed into Kashmir in response. Operation Vijay, launched in June 1999, saw the Indian military fighting thousands of militants and soldiers in the midst of heavy artillery shelling and while facing extremely cold weather, snow and treacherous terrain at the high altitude. Over 500 Indian soldiers were killed in the three-month long Kargil War, and it is estimated around 600-4,000 Pakistani militants and soldiers died as well. India pushed back the Pakistani militants and Northern Light Infantry soldiers. Almost 70% of the territory was recaptured by India. With news of Pakistan planning to launch a nuclear attack in the face of a loss in the war with India, Pakistan's Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was summoned to the US by Bill Clinton and warned against any such action.[10]
After heavy losses and a recalcitrant general in Musharraf, and with both the United States and China refusing to condone the incursion or threaten India to stop its military operations, Nawaz Sharif asked the remaining militants to stop and withdraw to positions along the LoC. The militants were not willing to accept orders from Sharif while the NLI soldiers withdrew.[10] The militants were killed by the army or forced to withdraw in skirmishes which went beyond the announcement of withdrawal by Pakistan. The victory in Kargil bolstered the image of Vajpayee and he was hailed across the country for his bold and strong leadership. In 26 July 2012, designated as 'Kargil Vijay Diwas', BJP President Nitin Gadkari unveiled a wax statue of Atal Bihari Vajpayee in Mumbai. The statue is to be put up at a wax museum in Lonavala.[12]
Third term: 1999–2004[edit]
In the 1999 general elections, the BJP-led NDA won 303 seats out of the 543 seats in the Lok Sabha, in the aftermath of the Kargil operations,[13] thereby securing a comfortable and stable majority. On 13 October 1999, Atal Bihari Vajpayee took oath as Prime Minister of India for the third time.
Indian Airlines hijack[edit]
A national crisis emerged in December 1999, when Indian Airlines flight IC 814 from Kathmandu to New Delhi was hijacked by five terrorists and flown to Taliban-ruled Afghanistan.[14] The hijackers made several demands including the release of certain terrorists like Maulana Masood Azhar from prison. Under extreme pressure, the government ultimately caved in. Jaswant Singh, the Minister for External Affairs at the time, flew with the terrorists to Afghanistan and exchanged them for the passengers.
National highway project, foreign policy and economic reforms[edit]
During his administration, Vajpayee introduced many domestic economic and infrastructural reforms, including encouraging the private sector and foreign investments, reducing governmental waste, encouraging research and development and privatisation of some government owned corporations.[15] The UPA Government on July 1, 2013 accepted before Supreme Court that NDA National Democratic Alliance Government lead by Vajpayee has developed half the roads in last 32 years in their 5 year term.[16]
Vajpayee's pet projects were the National Highway Development Project and Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana.
In March 2000, Bill Clinton, the President of the United States, paid a state visit to India. His was the first state visit to India by a US President in 22 years. President Clinton's visit to India was hailed as a significant milestone in the relations between the two countries. Since the visit came barely two years after the Pokhran tests, and one year after the Kargil invasion and the subsequent coup in Pakistan, it was read to reflect a major shift in the post-Cold War U.S. foreign policy. The Indian Prime Minister and the U.S. President discussed strategic issues, but the major achievement was a significant expansion in trade and economic ties. The Historic Vision Document on the future course of relations between the two countries was signed by Prime Minister Vajpayee and President Clinton during the visit.
Domestically, the BJP-led government was under constant pressure from its ideological mentor, the RSS, and the hard-line VHP to enact the Hindutva agenda. But owing to its dependence on coalition support, it was impossible for the BJP to push items like building the Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir in Ayodhya, repealing Article 370 which gave a special status to the state of Kashmir, or enacting a uniform civil code applicable to adherents of all religions. On 17 January 2000, there were reports of the RSS and some BJP hard-liners threatening to restart the Jan Sangh, the precursor to the BJP, because of their discontent over Atal Bihari Vajpayee rule. Former president of the Jan Sangh Balraj Madhok had written a letter to the then RSS chief Rajendra Singh for support.[17] The BJP was however accused of saffronising (saffron being the colour of the flag of the RSS, symbol of the Hindu nationalism movement) the official state education curriculum and apparatus. Also, Home Minister L.K. Advani and Human Resource Development Minister Murli Manohar Joshi were indicted in the 1992 Babri Mosque demolition case for inciting a mob of activists. The RSS also routinely criticised the government for free-market policies which introduced foreign goods and competition at the expense of 'swadeshi' industries and products.
Vajpayee's administration earned the ire of many trade unions and government workers for its aggressive campaign to privatise government owned corporations. Vajpayee promoted pro-business, free market reforms to reinvigorate India's economic transformation and expansion that were started by the former PM Narasimha Rao but stalled after 1996 due to unstable governments and the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Increased competitiveness, extra funding and support for the information technology sector and high-tech industries, improvements in infrastructure, deregulation of trade, investments and corporate laws —- all increased foreign capital investment and set in motion an economic expansion.
These couple of years of reform however were accompanied by infighting in the administration and confusion regarding the direction of government. Vajpayee's weakening health was also a subject of public interest, and he underwent a major knee-replacement surgery at the Breach Candy Hospital in Mumbai to relieve great pressure on his legs.
In March 2001, the Tehelka group released incriminating videos of the BJP President Bangaru Laxman, senior army officers and NDA members accepting bribes from journalists posing as agents and businessmen. The Defence Minister George Fernandes was forced to resign following the Barak Missile Deal Scandal, another scandal involving the botched supplies of coffins for the soldiers killed in Kargil, and the findings of an inquiry commission that the Government could have prevented the Kargil invasion.[citation needed].
Vajpayee again broke the ice in the Indo-Pak relations by inviting Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf to Delhi and Agra for a joint summit and peace talks. His second major attempt to move beyond the stalemate involved inviting the man who had planned the Kargil invasions. But accepting him as the President of Pakistan, Vajpayee chose to move forward. But after three days of much fanfare, which included Musharraf visiting his birthplace in Delhi, the summit failed to achieve a breakthrough as President Musharraf declined to leave aside the issue of Kashmir.
In 2001, the Vajpayee government launched the famous Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, which aimed at improving the quality of education in primary and secondary schools.
2001 attack on Parliament[edit]
On 13 December 2001, a group of masked, armed men with fake IDs stormed the Parliament building in Delhi. The terrorists managed to kill several security guards, but the building was sealed off swiftly and security forces cornered and killed the men, who were later proven to be Pakistan nationals. Coming just three months after the September 11 attacks upon the United States, this fresh escalation instantly enraged the nation. Although the Government of Pakistan officially condemned the attack, Indian intelligence reports pointed to a conspiracy rooted in Pakistan.
Prime Minister Vajpayee ordered a mobilisation of India's military forces, and as many as 500,000 servicemen amassed along the international boundary bordering Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Kashmir. Pakistan responded with the same. Vicious terrorist attacks and an aggressive anti-terrorist campaign froze day-to-day life in Kashmir, and foreigners flocked out of both India and Pakistan, fearing a possible war and nuclear exchange. For as long as two years, both nations remained perilously close to a terrible war.
The Vajpayee administration also passed the Prevention of Terrorist Act against vigorous opposition of non-NDA parties. Human rights groups have condemned the act which gives wide authority to the government to crack down and hold anybody. Its repeal was advocated by human rights organisations.[18]
But the biggest political disaster hit his government between December 2001 and March 2002: the VHP held the Government hostage in a major standoff in Ayodhya over the Ram Mandir. At the 10th anniversary of the destruction of the Babri mosque, the VHP wanted to perform a shila daan, or a ceremony laying the foundation stone of the cherished temple at the disputed site. Tens of thousands of VHP activists amassed and threatened to overrun the site and forcibly build the temple. A grave threat of not only communal violence, but an outright breakdown of law and order owing to the defiance of the government by a religious organisation hung over the nation.[5] But to the relief of Vajpayee, his government was able to tide over this crisis rather smoothly.
2002 Gujarat violence[edit]
In 2002, Hindu-Muslim violence in the state Gujarat killed more than 1,000 people. Vajpayee officially condemned the violence.[19]
Later, Vajpayee is said to have made controversial remarks: "Wherever there are Muslims in large numbers, they do not want to live in peace."[20] The remarks were clarified by the Prime Minister's Office as being taken out of context. However they were perceived by some commentators as a justification of violence against Muslims[21][22] and as "Muslim-bashing".[23][24]
Vajpayee was accused of doing nothing to stop the violence, and later admitted mistakes in the handling the events.[25] K.R. Narayanan, then president of India, also blamed Vajpayee's government for failing to quell the violence.[26]
Remainder of term[edit]
In late 2002 and 2003 the government pushed economic reforms, and the country's GDP growth accelerated at record levels, exceeding 6–7%. Increasing foreign investment, modernisation of public and industrial infrastructure, the creation of jobs, a rising high-tech and IT industry and urban modernisation and expansion improved the nation's international image. Good crop harvests and strong industrial expansion also helped the economy.
The government reformed the tax system, increased the pace of reforms and pro-business initiatives, major irrigation and housing schemes and so on. The political energies of the BJP shifted to the rising urban middle-class and young people, who were positive and enthusiastic about the major economic expansion and future of the country. He faced stiff opposition from other equally strong originations within Sangh Parivar such as the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh and the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh. However, he continued with his aggressive economic reform policy.
In August 2003, he announced before the parliament his "absolute last" effort to achieve peace with Pakistan. Although the diplomatic process never truly set-off immediately, visits were exchanged by high-level officials and the military stand-off ended. The Pakistani President and Pakistani politicians, civil and religious leaders hailed this initiative as did the leaders of America, Europe and much of the world. In July 2003, Prime Minister Vajpayee, visited China, and met with various Chinese leaders. He recognised Tibet as a part of China, which was welcomed by the Chinese leadership, who in the following year, recognised Sikkim, as a part of India. Sino-Indian Relations, improved greatly, in the following years.
In November–December 2003, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won three major state elections, fought mainly on development issues, without ideological campaigns. A major public relations campaign was launched to reach out to Muslims and stop the 2002 communal riots controversy from haunting the party's future. But the attention of the media and of millions now moved from Vajpayee to his more possible successor, L.K. Advani, although the question was never directly raised or contested in any way. Vajpayee's age, failing health and diminished physical and mental vigour were obvious factors in such speculation.
Advani assumed greater responsibilities in the party, and although no perceivable conflict has been known to arise between the longtime friends and political colleagues, several embarrassing statements were made. Once Vajpayee said "Advani would lead the BJP in the elections," prompting Advani to clarify that he would merely lead the election campaign, not the party. And then the BJP President Venkaiah Naidu used mythological references to depict Vajpayee as Vikas Purush (Man of Progress) and Advani as Loh Purush(Iron Man).
As the BJP prepared for general elections in 2004, Vajpayee was still the choice of the BJP and of the wider NDA, for the Prime Minister's job.
On 29 June 2002 Atal Bihari Vajpayee while dedicating his collection of poems translated in Tamil, recalled his friendship with C.N. Annadurai and claimed that he was not opposed to Hindi and appreciated Vajpayee's language skills.[27][28] Annadurai however, was against imposition of the language.[29]
2004 general election[edit]
The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) was widely expected to retain power after the 2004 general election. The 13th Lok Sabha had been dissolved before the completion of its term to capitalise on the perceived 'feel-good factor' and BJP's recent successes in the Assembly elections in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The BJP hoped to capitalise on the slogan "India Shining" and released many ads touting the economic growth of the nation.
However, the coalition lost almost half its seats, with several prominent cabinet ministers being defeated. The Indian National Congress, led by Sonia Gandhi, became the single largest party and, along with many minor parties, formed the United Progressive Alliance. With the conditional support of the leftist parties from the outside, the UPA formed a government under Dr Manmohan Singh. Vajpayee resigned as Prime Minister and promised co-operation to the new government.[30] Accepting moral responsibility for the defeat, he decided not to take up the position of the Leader of the Opposition and passed on the leadership mantle to Lal Krishna Advani. However, he retained his post as Chairman of the NDA.
Later career[edit]
In December 2005, Vajpayee announced his retirement from active politics, declaring that he would not contest in the next general election. In a famous statement at the BJP's silver Jubilee rally at Mumbai's historic Shivaji Park, Vajpayee announced that "Henceforth, Lal Krishna Advani and Pramod Mahajan will be the Ram-Laxman (the two godly brothers much revered and worshipped by Hindus) of the BJP."[31]
Vajpayee was referred to as the Bhishma Pitamah of Indian Politics by Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh during his speech in the Rajya Sabha.[32]
Vajpayee was hospitalised at AIIMS for chest infection and fever on 6 February 2009. He was put on ventilator support as his condition worsened but he eventually recuperated and was later discharged.[33] Unable to participate in the campaign for the 2009 general election due to his poor health, he wrote a letter urging voters to back the BJP. His protege Lalji Tandon was able to retain the Lucknow seat even though the NDA suffered electoral reverses all over the country. The tall apolitical image of Vajpayee was said to be the main reason behind Lalji's success in Lucknow even though BJP's performance was poor elsewhere in Uttar Pradesh.[34]
Personal life and interests[edit]
'Baapji' as called by his close friends and relatives has an adopted daughter, Namita. He is fond of Indian music and dance. He loves nature and one of his favourite retreats is Manali in Himachal Pradesh.[35]
His health has been a major source of concern and those in the know say he is often confined to a wheelchair and fails to recognise people. He is said to be suffering from dementia and long-term diabetes. Vajpayee underwent knee replacement surgery at Breach Candy Hospital in Mumbai in 2001. He is not known to have attended any public event in recent years. He rarely ventures out of the house, except for checkups at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences.[36]
Vajpayee has expressed very clear thoughts about his poetry: "My poetry is a declaration of war, not an exordium to defeat. It is not the defeated soldier's drumbeat of despair, but the fighting warrior's will to win. It is not the despirited voice of dejection but the stirring shout of victory."[37]
Travel and diplomatic assignments[edit]
Vajpayee has visited several countries, the first being in 1965 as a member of the Parliamentary Goodwill Mission to East Africa. He was also part of the Parliamentary Delegations to Australia in 1967, the European Parliament in 1983, and Canada in 1987. He was part of the official Indian Delegation to Commonwealth Parliamentary Association meetings held in Canada in 1966 and 1994, Zambia in 1980, and the Isle of Man in 1984. He was in the Indian delegation to the Inter-Parliamentary Union Conference, Japan in 1974, Sri Lanka in 1975; and Switzerland in 1984. He was a regular at the UN General Assembly, having been part of the Indian Delegations in 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1996. He led the Indian Delegation to the Human Rights Commission Meeting at Geneva in 1993 and the Delegation of Standing Committees of External Affairs to Gulf countries i.e. Bahrain, Oman and Kuwait.
- 1992, Padma Vibhushan[38]
- 1993, D. Lit. from Kanpur University[39]
- 1994, Lokmanya Tilak Award[39]
- 1994, Best Parliamentarian Award
- 1994, Bharat Ratna Pandit Govind Vallabh Pant Award[38]
Positions held[edit]
- 1951 - Founder-Member, Bharatiya Jana Sangh (B.J.S) [40]
- 1957 - Elected to 2nd Lok Sabha
- 1957-77 - Leader, Bharatiya Jana Sangh Parliamentary Party
- 1962 - Member, Rajya Sabha
- 1966-67- Chairman, Committee on Government Assurances
- 1967 - Re-elected to 4th Lok Sabha (2nd term)
- 1967-70 - Chairman, Public Accounts Committee
- 1968-73 - President, B.J.S.
- 1971 - Re-elected to 5th Lok Sabha (3rd term)
- 1977 - Re-elected to 6th Lok Sabha (4th term)
- 1977-79 - Union Cabinet Minister, External Affairs
- 1977-80 - Founder- Member, Janata Party
- 1980 - Re-elected to 7th Lok Sabha (5th term)
- 1980-86- President, Bharatiya Janata Party (B.J.P.)
- 1980-84, 1986 and 1993-96 - Leader, B.J.P. Parliamentary Party
- 1986 - Member, Rajya Sabha; Member, General Purposes Committee
- 1988-90 - Member, House Committee; Member, Business Advisory Committee
- 1990-91- Chairman, Committee on Petitions
- 1991- Re-elected to 10th Lok Sabha (6th term)
- 1991-93 - Chairman, Public Accounts Committee
- 1993-96 - Chairman, Committee on External Affairs; Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha
- 1996 - Re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha (7th term)
- 16 May 1996 - 31 May 1996 - Prime Minister of India
- 1996-97 - Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha
- 1997-98 - Chairman, Committee on External Affairs
- 1998 - Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (8th term)
- 1998-99 - Prime Minister of India; Minister of External Affairs; and also incharge of Ministries/Department not specifically allocated to the charge of any Minister
- 1999 - Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (9th term)
- 13 Oct.1999 to 13 May 2004- Prime Minister of India and also in charge of the Ministries/Departments not specifically allocated to the charge of any Minister
- 2004 - Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha (10th term)
Social and political[edit]
- National integration. (1961).
- Dynamics of an open society. (1977).
- New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy. (1979).
- Heal the wounds: Vajpayee's appeal on Assam tragedy to the parliament. (1983).
- When will atrocities on Harijans stop?: A.B. Vajpayee's speech in Rajya Sabha. (1988).
- Kucha lekha, kucha bhashana. (1996).
- Sekyularavada: Bharatiya parikalpana (Da. Rajendra Prasada Smaraka vyakhyanamala). (1996).
- Bindu-bindu vicara. (1997).
- Rajaniti ki rapatili rahem. (1997).
- Na dainyam na palayanam (Hindi Edition). (1998).
- Back to square one. (1998).
- Decisive days. (1999).
- Sakti se santi. (1999).
- Vicara-bindu (Hindi Edition). (2000). ISBN 978-81-7016-475-3.
- Nayi chunauti, naya avasara (Hindi Edition). (2002). ISBN 978-81-7016-501-8.
- India's Perspectives on ASEAN and the Asia-Pacific Region. (2003). ISBN 978-981-230-172-7.
- Atal Bihari Vaj mem tina dasaka. (1992).
- Pradhanamantri Atala Bihari Vajapeyi, chune hue bhashana. (2000).
- Values, vision & verses of Vajpayee: India's man of destiny. (2001).
- India's foreign policy: New dimensions. (1977).
- Assam problem: Repression no solution. (1981).
- Twenty-One Poems. (2003). ISBN 978-0-670-04917-2.
- Kya khoya kya paya: Atal Bihari Vajapeyi, vyaktitva aura kavitaem (Hindi Edition). (1999). ISBN 978-81-7028-335-5.
- Meri ikyavana kavitaem. (1995).
- Meri ikyavana kavitaem (Hindi Edition). (1995).
- Sreshtha kabita. (1997).
- Nayi Disha – an album with Jagjit Singh (1999)
- Samvedna – an album with Jagjit Singh (2002)
- Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, selected speeches. (2000). ISBN 978-81-230-0834-9.
- President's addresses, 1980–1986. (2000).
- Presidential address. (1986).
- Presidential address: Bharatiya Pratinidhi Sabha session, Bhagalpur (Bihar), 5 6 & 7 May 1972. (1972).
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Pokhran
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "The Leading Indian Politician Site on the Net". indianpoliticians.com. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ^ Chatterjee, Mannini. V. K. Ramachandran. "Vajpayee and the Quit India movement". Frontline. 7–20 February 1998. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
- ^ "India Matters". Indiamatters.in. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ^ a b c [2][dead link]
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ "Will the rath yatra bring LK Advani back in RSS good books? – Analysis – DNA". Dnaindia.com. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
- ^ "Atal Bihari Vajpayee: India's new prime minister". BBC News. 3 March 1998. Retrieved 1998-03-03.
- ^ "South Asia Vajpayee's thirteen months". BBC News. 17 April 1999. Retrieved 1999-04-17.
- ^ a b c "Atal Bihari Vajpayee (prime minister of India) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 December 1924. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ^ http://cns.miis.edu/other/indbomb.pdf
- ^ "Gadkari unveils Vajpayee's wax statue in Mumbai". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
- ^ "Address to the Nation by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee" (PDF). Indianembassy.org. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ^ [4][dead link]
- ^ "Vajpayee, the right man in the wrong party – ,Vajpayee, the right man in the wrong party – 4 – ,4 – National News – News – MSN India". MSN. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ^ Mahapatra, Dhananjay (2 July 2013). "NDA regime constructed 50% of national highways laid in last 30 years: Centre". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Sharad Gupta; Sanjiv Sinha (18 January 2000). "Revive Jan Sangh -- BJP hardlines". The Indian Express. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
- ^ Brad Adams, Human Rights Watch's Asia director. (23 September 2004). "India: POTA Repeal a Step Forward for Human Rights". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
- ^ "Vajpayee condemns Godhra carnage, Gujarat communal violence".
- ^ Sultan Shahin (26 April 2002). "Gujarat: return to the deadly past". Asia Times. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ^ Sanjay Ruparelia (Apr 2006). "Rethinking Institutional Theories of Political Moderation: The Case of Hindu Nationalism in India, 1996–2004". Comparative Politics 38 (3): 317–336.
- ^ Ornit Shani (2007). Communalism, Caste and Hindu Nationalism: The Violence in Gujarat. Cambridge University Press. p. 172.
- ^ Gwynne Dyer (23 April 2002). "Vajpayee: dow a slippery slope". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ^ Mark Tully (18 April 2002). "Vajpayee reveals his true colors". CNN. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ^ "Vajpayee admits mistake over Gujarat". CNN. 2002-04-13.
- ^ Rafiq Dossani (2008). India Arriving: How This Economic Powerhouse Is Redefining Global Business. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. p. 154.
- ^ Anna was not against Hindi, says Vajpayee. The Hindu (2002-06-30). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
- ^ Editorial. Telegraphindia.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
- ^ Annadurai & Hindi. The Hindu (2002-07-09). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
- ^ "Vajpayee moves to new home". The Daily Star. 6 July 2004.
- ^ "Vajpayee to retire from politics". BBC News. 29 December 2005. Retrieved 2005-12-29.
- ^ "Manmohan calls Vajpayee 'Bhishma Pitamah' of politics". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 6 March 2008.
- ^ "Vajpayee showing signs of improvement". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
- ^ "Vajpayee writes to Lucknowites for support". The Times of India. 18 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
- ^ "Read the Short biography of Atal Bihari Vajpayee". Preservearticles.com. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ^ Vajpayee turns 88 amid health concerns. Zeenews.india.com (2011-12-23). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
- ^ Values, Vision & Verses of Vajpayee: India's Man of Destiny page – iii
- ^ a b [5][dead link]
- ^ a b "Prime Minister of India Bio-Data". Parliamentofindia.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-11-24.
- ^ Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Further reading[edit]
- L.K. Advani. My Country My Life. (2008). ISBN 978-81-291-1363-4.
- M.P. Kamal. Bateshwar to Prime Minister House – An Interesting Description of Different Aspects of Atalji's . (2003). ISBN 978-81-7604-600-8.
- G.N.S. Raghavan. New Era in the Indian Polity, A Study of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and the BJP. (1996). ISBN 978-81-212-0539-9.
- P. R Trivedi. Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The man India needs : the most appropriate leader for the twentyfirst century. (2000). ISBN 978-81-7696-001-4.
- Sujata K. Dass. " prem k jain ". (2004). ISBN 978-81-7835-277-0.
- Chandrika Prasad Sharma. Poet politician Atal Bihari Vajpayee: A biography. (1998). ASIN: B0006FD11E.
- Sheila Vazirani. Atal Bihari Vajpayee; profile & personal views (Know thy leaders). (1967). ASIN: B0006FFBV2.
- Dr. C.P. Thakur. India Under Atal Behari Vajpayee: The BJP Era.(1999). ISBN 978-81-7476-250-4
- Sita Ram Sharma. Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee: Commitment to power. (1998). ISBN 978-81-85809-24-3.
- Bhagwat S. Goyal Values, Vision & Verses of Vajpayee: India's Man of Destiny 2001 Srijan Prakashan R-6/233 Rajnagar Ghaziabad 201002 ISBN 81-87996-00-5.
- Darshan Singh. Atal Behari Vajpayee: The arch of India. (2001). ISBN 978-81-86405-25-3.
- Yogesh Atal. Mandate for political transition: Reemergence of Vaypayee. (2000). ASIN: B0006FEIHA.
- Sujata K. Das. Atal Bihari Vajpayee. (2004). ISBN 978-81-7835-2
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atal Bihari Vajpayee. |
Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
- Profile Govt. of India
- Profile at BBC News
- Annotated Bibliography for Atal Bihari Vajpayee from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee collected news and commentary at The Times of India
- Complete List of Poems by Atala Bihari Bajpai
- अटलजी की रचनाएँ
- मेरी इक्यावन कविताएँ : काव्य-मीमांसा
- BJP website
- A. B. Vajpayee at BJP leaders, India
- Atalji's life journey poems and songs collection
- Read few poems of Atal Bihari Vajpayee in Hindi Script
- In India's Spotlight, He Was Both Director and Audience – NYTimes
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Atal Bihari Vajpayee in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Works by Atal Bihari Vajpayee on Open Library at the Internet Archive
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee at the Notable Names Database
Political offices | ||
Preceded by Yashwantrao Chavan |
Minister of External Affairs 1977–79 |
Succeeded by Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra |
Preceded by P. V. Narasimha Rao |
Prime Minister of India 1996 |
Succeeded by H. D. Deve Gowda |
Preceded by I. K. Gujral |
Prime Minister of India 1998–2004 |
Succeeded by Manmohan Singh |
Minister of External Affairs 1998 |
Succeeded by Jaswant Singh |
Preceded by Murasoli Maran |
Minister of Commerce and Industry 2002–2004 |
Succeeded by Kamal Nath |
- 1924 births
- Living people
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- Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh
- Members of Parliament from Uttar Pradesh
- Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh
- Lok Sabha members from Delhi
- Leaders of the Opposition (India)
- Indian political leaders imprisioned during the Emergency


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December, 2004 -- According to the Churchill Insurance Co., one of the more bizarre insurance claims made to the company last year involved a sheep.
The confused sheep saw its reflection in a car door and, in a fit of outrage, attacked the vehicle causing more than $US1,800 in damages.
The car belonged to a 58-year-old driver, who was on holiday in Scotland.


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The Detroit Iron Triathlon team is asking for your help to support breast cancer research and awareness. They will be shaving their heads to raise funds in the quest for a cure for this disease.
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Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
The Jewish Sports Hall of Fame will hold its 31st annual banquet on Sunday May 19, 2013 at the Beth Shalom Synagogue beginning at 5:00pm.
This year's inductees are Mark Frank for swimming, Aaron Krause for baseball and posthumously Mickey Steiner for golf. We will also present the Ziggy Kahn Award to Peppy Giovane a long time teacher at Taylor Allderdice for his outstanding work with the young people in our community and the Manny Gold Humanitarian Award to Skip Grinberg for his constant and outstanding voluntary work within our community and for Israel. We will also be recognizing local area Jewish high school seniors for their accomplishments both on and off the field with the Nathan H. Kaufman Award.
For more information about the banquet or the Jewish Sports Hall of Fame please contact Alan Mallinger at 412-521-8011 ext. 272.
The Jewish Sports Hall Of Fame of Western Pa was founded in 1982 with a dual mission:
To financially support Jewish related sports programs in Western Pennsylvania and Israel and to find Jewish men and women with connections to Western Pennsylvania who have achieved a high level in athletic competition, or with prestigious careers that are closely related to the sports field, and to honor them with induction into our Hall of Fame.
All contributions, membership fees and proceeds from the annual banquet are distributed to youth sports organizations in the Pittsburgh area and in Israel.
Now is the time to rejoin or become a member of the JSHOF
The annual Ziggy Kahn Award is presented to an individual who has made an outstanding contribution to the children of our community.
We present the Manny Gold Humanitarian Award, an annual award is given to a group or individual in memory of Mr. Gold, one of the founders of our organization.
We recognize local area Jewish high school seniors for their accomplishments both on and off the field.
The Jewish Sports Hall of Fame supports the following programs: EKC Sports Equipment, Indoor Triathlon, J&R Day Camp, Maccabi Youth Games, Membership and Program Scholarships, Sailfish Swim Team, and Camping and Early Childhood Development Center at the South Hills Center.
All revenues generated are used to benefit youth sports programs in Western Pennsylvania and Israel.


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WASHINGTON — House lawmakers urged the Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday to quickly finalize rules governing the growing field of health-care apps, including clarifying whether the industry will be subject to new taxes under the Affordable Care Act.
Consumers already use the apps to track blood sugar levels and weight loss, which they can share with their doctors. But regulators are struggling to determine when the apps turn smartphones and tablets into a medical device subject to additional regulations.
The FDA has been mulling over these issues for years, releasing a proposal in 2011 that gave it wider authority over apps that duplicate the functions of existing medical devices, such as apps that show MRI scans or measure heart rates.
But the agency has yet to issue final guidance on the matter and declined to comment on the latest push from Congress.
Now lawmakers are questioning whether defining the apps as medical devices subjects them to new taxes under the Affordable Care Act.
"Most Americans have no idea that their smartphone, tablet or the mobile apps that have become part of their daily lives could be subject to added red tape or a new tax under Obamacare," Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Fred Upton, R-Mich., said in a statement.
The committee will hold three hearings next week to put further pressure on the FDA to take action. The hearings will examine how FDA regulations could affect patients, physicians and developers looking to capitalize on the growing field.
The FDA's progress on the issue has been watched closely by privacy advocates concerned about how the agency would balance the potential medical benefits of the apps against the privacy concerns of having such sensitive data in the hands of the private companies that develop the software.
The market for health-related apps has been growing for years. Mobile health apps and accessories are expected to reach $26 billion in sales by 2017, up from $718 million in 2011, according to Research2Guidance, a consulting firm.
Some smaller developers could be slowed down by new regulations, which can be costly to navigate, said Ben Chodor, chief executive of the medical-app curator Happtique.
But, Chodor added, that's not necessarily a bad thing. Medical apps deal in sensitive information, he said, and FDA input could help with the current "Wild West" app environment. Additional taxes, he said, could simply be the cost of doing business in the field.
"In a lot of ways, it needs an element of regulation," Chodor said. He said he hopes the FDA will take a narrow focus, regulating only those apps that truly turn phones into medical devices. "No one wants to stop innovation," he said. "But we have to know, will this app be safe?"
Other developers are finding other ways to work with medical data, such as striking partnerships with companies that are already regulated. That's the path being taken by Moxie Fit, a Rockville-based company, that has partnered with Aetna on its exercise app.
The partnership allows Moxie Fit to focus on the wellness app, while Aetna shoulders the administrative, logistical, security and financial burdens, said Thomas Wavering, Moxie Fit's senior director of strategic technologies and transitions. "It makes sense for a company like us to partner with Aetna. [They're] a big company, they can handle that. They can do what they do, and we do what we do," he said.
Emi Kolawole contributed to this report.


text:
Evaluation of Bilayered Cellular Matrix (OrCel) for the Treatment of Venous Ulcers
This study has been completed.
Ortec International
Information provided by:
Ortec International
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: December 28, 2005
Last updated: NA
Last verified: December 2005
History: No changes posted
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This study was designed to evaluate the clinical benefits and safety of OrCel in the treatment of venous ulcers. OrCel and standard care were compared to standard care alone. Standard care consisted of currently accepted compression therapy.
Patients were treated for 12 weeks. Patients with healed ulcers were followed for an additional 12 weeks to assess durability of the healed wound.
Condition | Intervention |
Venous Leg Ulcer Venous Stasis Ulcer |
Device: Bilayered Cellular Matrix (OrCel) |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | A Pivotal Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Cryopreserved Bilayered Cellular Matrix (OrCel) for the Treatment of Venous Ulcers |
Resource links provided by NLM:
Further study details as provided by Ortec International:
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 85 Years |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Any race, between 18 and 85 years of age
- Male or female
- Chronic venous insufficiency
- Ulcer size between 2 and 20 sq cm, inclusive
- Ulcer present for at least one month
Exclusion Criteria:
- Decrease in wound size >35% during Screening Phase
- Infection at the ulcer site
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- Previous treatment with excluded medications
Contacts and Locations
More Information
No publications provided
Keywords provided by Ortec International:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 09, 2014
No publications provided
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00270946 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | 100-VLU-01-CLN |
Study First Received: | December 28, 2005 |
Last Updated: | December 28, 2005 |
Health Authority: | United States: Food and Drug Administration |
Keywords provided by Ortec International:
Venous leg ulcer OrCel Compression therapy |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Leg Ulcer Postphlebitic Syndrome Postthrombotic Syndrome Varicose Ulcer Ulcer Skin Ulcer Skin Diseases Phlebitis Peripheral Vascular Diseases |
Vascular Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Venous Insufficiency Venous Thrombosis Thrombosis Embolism and Thrombosis Varicose Veins Pathologic Processes |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 09, 2014


text:
221 results
Saturday Educator Workshop: The Chemistry of ColorClasses
Take a step back in time! Mix paints and pigments using techniques from the past while learning the history of paints and pigments found in the Museum''s collections. Science and art converge in this workshop with hands-on activities and interdisciplinary lessons for the classroom. Use pigments to mix oil paints in the style of the old masters and try them out on canvas. See the cochineal dying process first-hand and take a turn at dying using this valuable red pigment made from a beetle. |
San Antonio Museum of Art |
Mon: CLOSED Tues, Fri, Sat: 10 a.m.–9 p.m. Wed and Thurs: 10 a.m.–5 p.m. Sun: 10 a.m.–6 p.m. |
Members: FREE Adults: $10 Seniors (65+): $7 |
Students and Military (with ID): $5 Children Under 12: FREE |
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Albuquerque Homeschool Forum / Introductions / NEW, and in a Pickle, please read
Posted by:
crayon12, October 30, 2012, 11:14am
Hello dear Homeschoolers,
I could use some immediate wisdom on how to proceed quickly.
My daughter has been very sick :'( for most of the semester. A long story, but we decided, and her school agreed, she could attend two of her gifted classes (math and science) with them, and we will homeschool Language Arts and Social Studies. She is in the seventh grade.
It took forever for me to get a word from the school district that this was not against their policy, per se. I found out most principals do not approve it. But if the prinicipal says okay, it's okay. So we proceed.
At this point, I am quite overwhelmed at the volume of resources, and I feel like I don't have time to really sort through it all. At all. I have to get some class time in ASAP. Luckily, she is very bright. I had hoped for finding gifted cirriculum, but at this point, I will take ANYTHING that just satisfies the state requirements for the rest of the semester, and then worry about refining the content.
But I need help, please.
Is there anyone out there, a seasoned homeschooler, who could help point me towards some curricula? And where to buy, preferably cheap?
For what it is worth, my daughter is a very visual, kinesthetic learner. Not really important right now, but if someone just happens to miraculously know good protocol for such a learner, all the better. Thank You for your time, very very much. ;)
Posted by:
KerianneG, November 2, 2012, 6:37am;
We homeschooled our oldest for 3 years of elementary school and now she is a 6th grader at Eisenhower Middle School. She is in the gifted program for science, language arts and math and has also been identified as a visual kinesthetic learner. We have used Shurley English Homeschool curricula for grammar and it is quite fun besides really giving a leg up on knowing parts of speech really well. Since you've likely not used it before, it is leveled, but not necessarily by grade. So do not get hung up looking for level 7- you can start with any of the levels- I've found it is much more extensive than what most schools use.
Best wishes to you! By the way, someone referred us to Title Wave books on Wisconsin, just north of Menaul. They have much used curricula and resources.
Posted by:
ang, November 2, 2012, 8:40am;
I sent you an email message. Hope you find it helpful.
Posted by:
teej, November 12, 2012, 12:04pm;
Sorry to hear about your daughter's illness. We are in the same space. I didn't realize it was possible for a child to take some classes at school and others at home. I will look into this option for my daughter.
Good luck & blessings
Posted by:
teej, November 13, 2012, 12:01pm;
Hi Crayon,
I just wanted to let you know what my daughter an I are doing. Perhaps, this will help you get started!
I haven't purchased a curriculum, and I don't intend to do so. I will be starting where she left off in school and making sure she learns at least all of the things that she is expected to know for the state standards. Because my daughter has been classified as "exceptionally gifted", and our goal is to make sure she has the option of returning to school, I will be looking at the standards of 5th-7th grades. If you are interested in seeing the state standards, go to:
In addition, she is reading the ABQ Public library's recommended books for 5-7th grade. You can pick up a list of suggested books at your local library. I just looked online, and the lists aren't posted. I have asked the main to post the lists to the web site. She will be doing reports on the suggested books. We are also doing daily readings of short stories from college-level Norton Readers. I chose these books--because we have a couple around the house, and because they have questions after each story. The questions give us prompts to help with the discussions.
Good luck,
Posted by:
BLAcademy, November 17, 2012, 9:33am;
If you search on KISS grammar, you will find a free website with a very comprehensive grammar course. The only drawback is that one must print page by page. I'm not sure it is actually less expensive than buying a text, but the kind of work is very detailed and rigorous. Good luck!
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John Prather
March 06, 2014 at 07:37 PM
Marc, out of curiosity what does the HOA do if the residents just stop watering in the middle of a…Read Mored rought? I know HOA's have strong rights.
John Prather
March 06, 2014 at 07:54 PM
For those whose gardening activities are not encumbered by HOA's, I highly recommend wildflowers.…Read MoreI' ve sowed wildflowers for many years, with sometimes amazing results. The first trick is that seeds should be sown over loose earth, and then covered with a very fine layer of compost. The first second trick is to sow them in late fall, so that they catch the winter rains. The third trick is that we actually get winter rains. Home Depot sells bulk bags of California poppies, Iceland poppies, Farewell to Spring, Larkspur, and mixed wildflowers.
Marc Klein
March 07, 2014 at 09:40 AM
The HOA could conceivably put a lien on your house if you don't follow the rules. I've never…Read Moreh eard of anyone refusing to water their lawn. But if the state of California made lawn watering illegal during a drought, presumably the HOA would have to adapt.
March 05, 2014 at 02:06 PM
If so, go to the Facebook page and send me some contact info. When I have a list, we'll get going.
John Prather
March 06, 2014 at 11:31 AM
Maybe it's time to take pictures. You know what they say, a picture is worth a thousand words.
Carol Parker
March 07, 2014 at 01:36 PM
I have sent an e-mail in the past complaining about smoking at South Shore. They have ashtrays all …Read Moreover the place and people sit on benches all around taking smoking breaks. It is disgusting. If there is a no-smoking ban in Alameda shopping areas, why is it not being enforced at So Shore. How about some no-smoking signs and removing the concrete ash trays which signal to smokers it's ok to light up? South Shore Center
523 South Shore Center West | Alameda, CA 94501
(510)521-8100 | email@example.com
Cindy Johnson
March 04, 2014 at 05:11 PM
Thank you to Friends of Alameda Animal Shelter and a nice neighbor who let her spend the…Read Morenig ht with her.
March 05, 2014 at 01:44 PM
And this, my friends, is one of the reasons I am so grateful to be living here. What a nice ending!
bette page
March 07, 2014 at 10:19 AM
@sangchaudfemme, et al: My Grandfather lost his bakery business to Capone after he "made him…Read Morea n offer he couldn't refuse" and plunged my family into poverty as they had no other means of support during the Great Depression. And that was after he sent him a "little warning" in the form of a car drive by shooting at my young mom and her sister as they walked down the street to get daddy a paper newsstand. It was a terrorizing memory of her until the day she died. Read a little real history of the effect the mob had on local people and try not swallowing the garbage Hollywood puts out.
March 07, 2014 at 10:44 AM
Every single one of us has had family tragedies- my family was starved to death by the…Read MoreEngli sh and some were sold into slavery - it was a long time ago. It doesn't make me judge english muffins as something I hate and must condemn. Moveon-


text:
OUR WATERSOur sulphur-free, geothermal mineral waters have flowed from a subterranean volcanic aquifer for thousands of years. Ojo is the only hot springs in the world with four different types of mineral water including lithia, iron, soda and arsenic. Over 100,000 gallons come to the surface, revitalizing those who soak in these legendary, healing waters. Our eleven pools are filled with different types and combinations of these waters with temperatures ranging from 80-109 degrees. The Lithia SpringLocated at the heart of the springs, the historic pump has been dispensing this unique water since the nineteenth century. Lithia is believed to relieve depression and aid digestion. Regretfully, the Lithia Pump is out-of-service. We have plans to build a Lithia Pool in the near future. The Iron SpringA Native American legend tells that the giant rock in the iron pool guards the place where the ancient people of the mesa once received food and water during times of famine. The warm, iron-rich water bubbles up from the natural pebble floor, providing hot spots to discover in this mystical outdoor cliffside pool. Iron is considered to be beneficial to the blood and immune system. The Soda SpringThe rock walls in the enclosed Soda "steam" pool create a soft echo providing a sense of calm and relaxation. Water from the Soda Spring is said to have been used to relieve digestive problems. The Arsenic SpringThe arsenic water is believed to be beneficial for relief from arthritis, stomach ulcers and to heal a variety of skin conditions. Water from the iron and arsenic springs is blended in various pools throughout the property. |
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text:
Under the agreement, Unisource, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Georgia-Pacific Corp., will distribute Ecolab's branded janitorial supplies.
Ecolab's Professional Products Division offers a variety of premium floor cleaners and polishes, hard surface cleaners such as glass and toilet bowl products, odor control systems, disinfectants, hand soaps, and carpet care to the industrial, commercial and healthcare markets.
Unisource provides its cleaning, disinfecting and facility supplies to industrial customers. Its product line features cleaning systems for facility, warehouse and manufacturing applications, including floors, carpets, washrooms and hands.


text:
Houston won 2-1
Game 1: Friday, August 10 | ||
Milwaukee | 3 | Final |
Houston | 4 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
Game 2: Saturday, August 11 | ||
Milwaukee | 5 | Final in 10 |
Houston | 6 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
Game 3: Sunday, August 12 | ||
Milwaukee | 5 | Final |
Houston | 3 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
Coverage: FSSW
2:05 PM ET, August 12, 2012
Minute Maid Park, Houston, Texas
HOUSTON -- The Milwaukee Brewers don't have a defined closer in a bullpen that's already blown 22 save chances this season.
Now each reliever has to be ready in case the task of holding a ninth-inning lead falls to him.On Sunday it was Kameron Loe's turn and, after a couple of hiccups, he shut down Houston to preserve a 5-3 win and end Milwaukee's 11-game road losing streak."It keeps us on our toes right now," he said. "I think there's been a learning process this year for a number of guys, myself included, and you've just got to accept the challenges that come along and take it with a smile."Yovani Gallardo handled Houston once again and Corey Hart homered for the Brewers.Milwaukee won on the road for the first time since July 8 at Houston in its last game before the All-Star break. The Brewers had been swept at the Reds, Phillies and Cardinals since then to extend their losing streak to the second-longest in franchise history, and the longest since they lost 17 straight in 1970.Gallardo (11-8) won his 10th straight start against Houston. He's the first pitcher to win 10 or more consecutive starts against one opponent since Roy Halladay did it against Montreal/Washington from 2004-11, according to information provided to the Brewers by the Elias Sports Bureau.The right-hander allowed three runs and struck out eight in 7 2-3 innings.Gallardo said it's hard to believe that he's won that many in a row over the Astros."I really try not to look at those numbers like that," he said. "They made me work today. It seemed like there were a lot of 3-2 counts and taking some pretty good pitches and fouling some pretty good pitches."Things got a bit dicey for Loe and Milwaukee's beleaguered bullpen in the ninth inning after a hit and an error left the tying on second base. But he retired Marwin Gonzalez to get his first save in six tries."It felt really good to close it out," Loe said.The Brewers have blown four saves on the road since the All-Star break as the bullpen has struggled to find any consistency.The problems have been wearing on manager Ron Roenicke."It's hard. It really is," he said. "I feel for the guys. I like the guys that are down there and I know how badly they want to do well and it's hard when guys struggle. Those things are hard on coaching staffs because you care about the players, you know what they're struggling through and you feel like it's your job to get them going. And when they don't, it's hard on you."Hart broke an 0-for-17 streak with Milwaukee's first home run of the series, a solo shot to center field to lead off the sixth inning that made it 4-2.Jordan Lyles (2-9) allowed eight hits and four runs -- two earned -- in seven innings for his fifth straight loss. He hasn't won since June 26.The Astros wore their blue-and-gold star throwback uniforms for the third straight game after picking up dramatic last at-bat wins in them Friday and Saturday night. But the luck of those uniforms, which were worn from 1994-99, wore off on Sunday as last-place Houston lost for the 35th time in 41 games.Consecutive doubles by Tyler Greene and Gonzalez gave Houston a 1-0 lead in the first. Carlos Gomez, Jean Segura and Gallardo each singled with two outs to tie it at 1-all in the second.Segura singled to start the fifth inning and advanced to second on a sacrifice bunt. Norichika Aoki reached on an error by Gonzalez at shortstop and stole second, and Segura beat the throw home on a grounder by Rickie Weeks for a 2-1 lead. Ryan Braun added an RBI grounder.Martin Maldonado's RBI double in the eighth inning put Milwaukee up 5-2."I know (Gonzalez) feels terrible, but we've talked many times about giving teams extra outs," Houston manager Brad Mills said. "That's exactly what we did that inning, and that's what hurt us."Scott Moore's run-scoring single with two outs in the eighth inning chased Gallardo. He was replaced by Jose Veras, who struck out Ben Francisco to end the inning.Game notes
Aoki had two hits and extended his hitting streak to 13 games. ... Houston C Jason Castro, on the disabled list with a right knee injury, went 3 for 3 and played nine innings behind the plate in a rehabilitation assignment with Triple-A Oklahoma City on Saturday night and will be activated on Monday. The Astros optioned C Carlos Corporan after the game to make room for Castro on the roster. ... Milwaukee RHP Shaun Marcum, on the 60-day DL with tightness in his right elbow, is scheduled to make his second rehabilitation start on Wednesday for Single-A Wisconsin. ... Armando Galarraga opposes Chicago's Jeff Samardzija when the Astros open a three-game series with the Cubs on Monday. ... Milwaukee's Mike Fiers takes on Colorado LHP Jeff Francis as the Brewers travel to take on the Rockies.Copyright by STATS LLC and The Associated Press
Photo Wire
HOUSTON, TX - AUGUST 12: Tyler Greene #23 of the Houston Astros flies out to left field against the Milwaukee...
(Photo by Bob Levey/Getty Images)Regular Season Series
Milwaukee leads 9-8 (as of Sun 8/12) | ||
Mon 4/23 | @MIL 6, HOU 5 | Recap |
Tue 4/24 | @MIL 9, HOU 6 | Recap |
Wed 4/25 | HOU 7, @MIL 5 | Recap |
Wed 5/16 | @HOU 8, MIL 3 | Recap |
Thu 5/17 | @HOU 4, MIL 0 | Recap |
Fri 7/6 | MIL 7, @HOU 1 | Recap |
Sat 7/7 | @HOU 6, MIL 3 | Recap |
Sun 7/8 | MIL 5, @HOU 3 | Recap |
Mon 7/30 | @MIL 8, HOU 7 | Recap |
Tue 7/31 | @MIL 10, HOU 1 | Recap |
Wed 8/1 | @MIL 13, HOU 4 | Recap |
Fri 8/10 | @HOU 4, MIL 3 | Recap |
Sat 8/11 | @HOU 6, MIL 5 | Recap |
» Sun 8/12 | MIL 5, @HOU 3 | Box Score |
Fri 9/28 | HOU 7, @MIL 6 | Recap |
Sat 9/29 | @MIL 9, HOU 5 | Recap |
Sun 9/30 | HOU 7, @MIL 0 | Recap |
Complete Schedule: Brewers | Astros |
Scoring Summary
1st | M Gonzalez doubled to left, T Greene scored. | 0 | 1 | |
2nd | Y Gallardo singled to right, C Gomez scored, J Segura to third. | 1 | 1 | |
5th | R Weeks grounded into fielder's choice to third, J Segura scored, N Aoki to third. | 2 | 1 | |
5th | R Braun grounded out to shortstop, N Aoki scored, R Weeks to second. | 3 | 1 | |
5th | M Gonzalez grounded out to first, C Snyder scored, T Greene to second. | 3 | 2 | |
6th | C Hart homered to center (420 feet). | 4 | 2 | |
8th | M Maldonado doubled to left, C Hart scored, M Maldonado thrown out at third attempting to advance on play. | 5 | 2 | |
8th | S Moore singled to center, M Gonzalez scored. | 5 | 3 | |
View complete Play-By-Play |
Game Information
Stadium | Minute Maid Park, Houston, TX |
Attendance | 19,235 (45.7% full) - % is based on regular season capacity |
Game Time | 2:51 |
Weather | indoors |
Umpires | Home Plate - David Rackley, First Base - Scott Barry, Second Base - Jerry Meals, Third Base - Gary Darling |
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Tatuaje Havana VI Victorias Reviews [view details]
Give us YOUR review!Showing 1 through 4 of 4 reviews
"The 3 I had were GREAT"
Not sure about how they are from Famous, but the few I've had from local tabacoonist have all been perfect. Again, the source seems to be the key with good cigars as I have learned.
G in Texas October 31, 2012
"Tight draw"
Would have been a great cigar if I could have smoked it. Rolled way too tight, like my experience with most lancero's and panatela's.
Jared in Ma August 20, 2012
"Excellent flavor and burn"
Another excellent cigar from Pete Johnson and Pepin Garcia. These panatellas present a nice spice with medium to full flavor with plenty of smoke to savor. They are well constructed with excellent draw. I have smoked over 10 boxes since they were introduced and never have come across one that disappoints!!
Melvin in California September 15, 2010
"good when they draw"
Simply the best regularly avaiable pl when they draw, which is most the time (but not all). Nice spice and pepper flavors.
Matt P in Tokyo May 24, 2010


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The COMPASS Placement Test is given regularly on both the North & Muhlenberg Campuses. A complete schedule is listed below. Please note: the Compass test will NOT be offered Monday, May 5 – Friday, May 9, 2014.
To schedule an appointment to take the COMPASS, contact Brandi Edmiston at (270) 824-8656 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Tests at the North Campus are given in the Enrollment Center (JHG 3rd floor) unless specified otherwise.
Tests at the Muhlenberg Campus are given in room 202 unless specified otherwise.


text:
Department of Philosophy
The Texas Tech Philosophy Department, ranked among the top twelve Philosophy MA programs in the nation, is committed to excellence in undergraduate and graduate education, research, and service to the Texas Tech community. Our graduate and upper division classes are small, and students can expect to receive a great deal of individual attention from faculty. Members of the faculty mentor both graduate student teaching and individual research projects, including assisting students in preparing papers for regional conferences or for publication. Since our faculty specializations reflect a wide range of research interests, programs of study can reflect breadth as well as depth. We have particular strengths in Ethics, Aesthetics, and History of Philosophy. Our colloquium series allows students to meet directly with visiting philosophers of national and international renown. In all of this, we are committed to preparing students for the profession of philosophy, as well as for other professions such as law and public service.
News and Announcements:
- Professor Mark Webb has been promoted to Full Professor.
- Professor Anna Ribeiro has been awarded a National Humanities Center fellowship for 2013-14.
- Joel Velasco and Alex Grzankowski will both begin tenure-track in Fall of 2013.
- The Philosophy Department has received a generous bequest for the Sena Ethel Montgomery Bucy and J. Fred Bucy, Sr. Scholarship. We anticipate awarding substantial scholarships starting in Spring 2013, for the 2013-2014 academic year.
- The Philosophy Department has received a planned gift for the Kenneth Laine Ketner Scholarship. We anticipate awarding scholarships starting in the Spring of 2013, for the 2013-2014 academic year.


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for further details refer to our FSCG.
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FCCS Credit Union
FCCS Credit Union was founded in 1974. The Credit Union was opened to provide financial funding and services to the employees of the Ford Motor Company in Geelong. FCCS Credit Union underwent two mergers in the years leading up to 1990. Today FCCS Credit Union's products and services are available to Australians. Their dedication to their members and employees has resulted in their customer base prospering to over 10,000 members since it first opened its doors.


text:
A reprieve for inmates' underwear
December 9, 2010 11:58AM
Updated: December 9, 2010 10:08PM
The Illinois Department of Corrections says the state's prison inmates won't have to worry about going without underwear.
Cotton prices have more than doubled in the past six months, and, as a result, the company hired to supply the broadcloth used for inmate boxer shorts has refused to delive, saying it couldn't make any profit.
But the state found another company this week to supply the cloth, though at a higher price: $183,800, or about $50,000 more than before.
Illinois doesn't buy boxer shorts for inmates. Instead, it makes them, buying the broadcloth, which is then made into shorts at an inmate labor program at the Sheridan Correctional Center, north of Ottawa.


text:
Yes, I am the bearer of great news! Amazon.com has let the masses in on a very special deal just in time for Halloween. For just $7.99 (the price of a Burger King meal) you can get Jack in all his glory bursting through bathroom doors, talking to dead bartenders and pretty much mimicking my uncle during New Years Eve. Check it out below.
Get in on this quick because it appears this 68% discount is for a very limited time only: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000UJ ... B000UJ48WC


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I was wondering dear, if I could get away with not using your wonderful soil/fertilizer thing right away. I'd like to plant a few by the tree for now, just to get something going quick.
This is infinitly stupid question, but please excuse, you know I'm a newbie at this...Do I, uhm, dig a hole and just place flower nicely in the ground and cover it back up with the dirt? Or must I follow your instructions?
Well first of all, annuals that are planted in the ground have a tougher time to get established than in a pot because the ground is much colder. Yes you can dig a hole, make sure the plant is well watered, pop it out of the pot, "tease" the roots a bit to loosen them up, place in the hole, cover it with dirt (lightly pushing around the roots so the dirt is at the same level that it was in the pot), water again and I suppose you are set.
In saying this, if you did buy a bag of soilless mix (annual potting soil), dug a bigger hole and added some of this to the hole first (wet it first) ... it will make a difference because the roots have an easier time to set into a nice soft cushy soil instead of something rough. Sort of like sleeping on the ground vs. a feather bed.
You asked ... :D
you are too funny sometimes. I think you can dig a hole, fill 1/2 way with water then plant the flower and cover rest in with earth. You can fertilize with the fertilzer of your choice mixed in water later as not to burn new roots. We wre all new to gardening at one time. Have Fun/
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To receive SERC funding for training, departments and agencies are required to be NIMS compliant.
For more information about SERC-sponsored training in your area, contact your County Emergency Management Director. Also, visit the MEMA training website to learn about emergency management training opportunities.


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text: Whiskeytown Magnet Code: W0583 Measures approximately 2�" x 3�". Member Price: $2.78 Non-Member Price: $3.25 Colorful and distinctive, these magnets will brighten any magnetic surface. Each contains a message on the reverse describing the park it represents. ^~Measures approximately 2�" x 3�". Quantity: Related Item(s) Whiskeytown - National Recreation Area Code: W0580 Author: Gregory M. Gnesios Publisher: Western National Parks Association ISBN: 9781877856235 Soft cover: 16 pages, 9" x 9" Member Price: $0.85 Non-Member Price: $1.00 Whiskeytown Patch Code: W0582 Member Price: $2.78 Non-Member Price: $3.25 Whiskeytown Pin Code: W0581 Member Price: $4.23 Non-Member Price: $4.95 Whiskeytown Tote Bag Code: W0584 Member Price: $8.55 Non-Member Price: $10.00 Whiskeytown Hiking Staff Medallion Code: H8213 Member Price: $3.63 Non-Member Price: $4.25


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CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- Power was restored at 1 p.m. to the last of 2,900 customers in Charleston who lost electrical service because thieves stole the copper ground wires at Appalachian Power's Chesterfield Avenue substation.
The outage affected customers in Kanawha City, along MacCorkle Avenue and in the South Hills and Loudon Heights areas.
The loss of the copper wires made the power system in the substation unstable and it had to be shut down to make repairs, said Appalachian Power spokesman Phil Moye.
The station was shut down at about 4:40 a.m.
The utility had hoped to restore power by 10 a.m. to all customers.
"We were able to switch a lot of customers (on) but discovered more damage caused by the copper theft," company spokeswoman Jeri Matheney said at 10:25 a.m. "The missing grounds caused damage to our equipment elsewhere. We will have to repair that and expect those customers to be back online at about 2 p.m."
Seven hours after the outage began, 1,338 customers were still without service, according to Appalachian Power's online outage map. By 12:20 p.m., the company had restored power to all but 734 customers.
With the temperature below freezing early this morning, it was expected that most residential furnaces would kick on when power was restored. The utility had to bring customers back online in small groups so the system wouldn't become overloaded, Moye said.
Matheney said power was restored before 9 a.m. to some customers, including Charleston Area Medical Center's Memorial Division in Kanawha City.
All of the outage was due to the thefts at the Chesterfield Avenue substation, Matheney said. Appalachian Power urged anyone with information about the thefts to report them online or call its confidential hotline, 1 866-747-5845 or the police. The utility is offering a reward of up to $5,000 for information leading to a conviction.
Metro 911 noted that the outage had knocked out traffic lights from 31st Street and MacCorkle Avenue to South Ruffner in Kanawha City. Traffic lights also were out at the busy intersection on the south end of the South Side Bridge.
Power was restored to the University of Charleston about 11 a.m. and a normal work and class schedule resumed at noon.
Contact writer George Hohmann at busin...@dailymail.com or 304-348-4836.