text:
Marburg virus
Marburg virus | |
Transmission electron micrograph of the Marburg virus | |
Virus classification | |
Group: | Group V ((-)ssRNA) |
Order: | Mononegavirales |
Family: | Filoviridae |
Genus: | Marburgvirus |
Type species | |
Marburg marburgvirus |
Marburg virus (/ˈmɑrbərɡ ˈvaɪrəs/ MAR-bərg VY-rəs[1]) is a hemorrhagic fever virus first noticed and described during small epidemics in the German cities Marburg and Frankfurt and the Yugoslavian capital Belgrade in the 1960s. Workers were accidentally exposed to tissues of infected grivets (Chlorocebus aethiops) at the city's former main industrial plant, the Behringwerke, then part of Hoechst, and today of CSL Behring. During these outbreaks, 31 people became infected and seven of them died. Marburg virus (MARV) causes severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates in the form of viral hemorrhagic fever. MARV is a Select Agent,[2] WHO Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring biosafety level 4-equivalent containment),[3] NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen,[4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agent,[5] and is listed as a biological agent for export control by the Australia Group.[6]
Use of term[edit]
Marburg virus was first described in 1967.[7] Today, the virus is one of two members of the species Marburg marburgvirus, which is included into the genus Marburgvirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The name Marburg virus is derived from Marburg (the city in Hesse, West Germany, where the virus was first discovered) and the taxonomic suffix virus.[1]
According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Marburg virus is always to be capitalized, but is never italicized, and may be abbreviated (with MARV being the official abbreviation).
Previous designations[edit]
Marburg virus was first introduced under this name in 1967.[7] In 2005, the virus name was changed to Lake Victoria marburgvirus, which unfortunately was the same spelling as its species Lake Victoria marburgvirus.[8][9] However, most scientific articles continued to refer to Marburg virus. Consequently, in 2010, the name Marburg virus was reinstated and the species name changed.[1] A previous abbreviation for the virus was MBGV.
Virus inclusion criteria[edit]
A virus that fulfills the criteria for being a member of the species Marburg marburgvirus is a Marburg virus if its genome diverges from that of the prototype Marburg marburgvirus, Marburg virus variant Musoke (MARV/Mus), by <10% at the nucleotide level.[1]
MARV is one of two marburgviruses that causes Marburg virus disease (MVD) in humans (in the literature also often referred to as Marburg hemorrhagic fever, MHF). In the past, MARV has caused the following MVD outbreaks:
Year | Geographic location | Human Deaths/Cases (case-fatality rate) |
1967 | Marburg and Frankfurt, West Germany, and Belgrade, Yugoslavia | 7/31 (23%)[7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] |
1975 | Rhodesia and Johannesburg, South Africa | 1/3 (33%)[17][18][19] |
1980 | Kenya | 1/2 (50%)[20] |
1987 | Kenya | 1/1 (100%)[21][22] |
1988 | Koltsovo, Soviet Union | 1/1 (100%) [laboratory accident][23] |
1990 | Koltsovo, Soviet Union | 0/1 (0%) [laboratory accident][24] |
1998–2000 | Durba and Watsa, Democratic Republic of the Congo | ? (A total of 154 cases and 128 deaths of marburgvirus infection were recorded during this outbreak. The case fatality was 83%. Two different marburgviruses, MARV and Ravn virus (RAVV), cocirculated and caused disease. It has never been published how many cases and deaths were due to MARV or RAVV infection)[25][26][27] |
2004–2005 | Angola | 227/252 (90%)[28][29][30][31][32][33][34] |
2007 | Uganda | 1/3 (33%)[35][36] |
2008 | Uganda, Netherlands | 1/1 (100%)[37] |
2012 | Uganda | 9/18 (50%)[38] |
Like all mononegaviruses, marburgvirions contain non-infectious, linear nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA genomes of negative polarity that possesses inverse-complementary 3' and 5' termini, do not possess a 5' cap, are not polyadenylated, and are not covalently linked to a protein.[39] Marburgvirus genomes are approximately 19 kb long and contain seven genes in the order 3'-UTR-NP-VP35-VP40-GP-VP30-VP24-L-5'-UTR.[40] The genomes of the two different marburgviruses (MARV and RAVV) differ in sequence.
Like all filoviruses, marburgvirions are filamentous particles that may appear in the shape of a shepherd's crook or in the shape of a "U" or a "6", and they may be coiled, toroid, or branched.[40] Marburgvirions are generally 80 nm in width, but vary somewhat in length. In general, the median particle length of marburgviruses ranges from 795–828 nm (in contrast to ebolavirions, whose median particle length was measured to be 974–1,086 nm ), but particles as long as 14,000 nm have been detected in tissue culture.[42] Marburgvirions consist of seven structural proteins. At the center is the helical ribonucleocapsid, which consists of the genomic RNA wrapped around a polymer of nucleoproteins (NP). Associated with the ribonucleoprotein is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) with the polymerase cofactor (VP35) and a transcription activator (VP30). The ribonucleoprotein is embedded in a matrix, formed by the major (VP40) and minor (VP24) matrix proteins. These particles are surrounded by a lipid membrane derived from the host cell membrane. The membrane anchors a glycoprotein (GP1,2) that projects 7 to 10 nm spikes away from its surface. While nearly identical to ebolavirions in structure, marburgvirions are antigenically distinct.
Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1) appears to be essential for Ebola and Marburg virus infection. Two independent studies reported in the same issue of Nature (journal) showed that Ebola virus cell entry and replication requires the cholesterol transporter protein NPC1.[43][44] When cells from Niemann Pick Type C1 patients were exposed to Ebola virus in the laboratory, the cells survived and appeared immune to the virus, further indicating that Ebola relies on NPC1 to enter cells. This might imply that genetic mutations in the NPC1 gene in humans could make some people resistant to one of the deadliest known viruses affecting humans. The same studies described similar results with Ebola's cousin in the filovirus group, Marburg virus, showing that it too needs NPC1 to enter cells.[43][44] Furthermore, NPC1 was shown to be critical to filovirus entry because it mediates infection by binding directly to the viral envelope glycoprotein.[44] A later study confirmed the findings that NPC1 is a critical filovirus receptor that mediates infection by binding directly to the viral envelope glycoprotein and that the second lysosomal domain of NPC1 mediates this binding.[45]
In one of the original studies, a small molecule was shown to inhibit Ebola virus infection by preventing the virus glycoprotein from binding to NPC1.[44][46] In the other study, mice that were heterozygous for NPC1 were shown to be protected from lethal challenge with mouse adapted Ebola virus.[43] Together, these studies suggest NPC1 may be potential therapeutic target for an Ebola anti-viral drug.
The marburg virus life cycle begins with virion attachment to specific cell-surface receptors, followed by fusion of the virion envelope with cellular membranes and the concomitant release of the virus nucleocapsid into the cytosol. The virus RdRp partially uncoats the nucleocapsid and transcribes the genes into positive-stranded mRNAs, which are then translated into structural and nonstructural proteins. Marburgvirus L binds to a single promoter located at the 3' end of the genome. Transcription either terminates after a gene or continues to the next gene downstream. This means that genes close to the 3' end of the genome are transcribed in the greatest abundance, whereas those toward the 5' end are least likely to be transcribed. The gene order is therefore a simple but effective form of transcriptional regulation. The most abundant protein produced is the nucleoprotein, whose concentration in the cell determines when L switches from gene transcription to genome replication. Replication results in full-length, positive-stranded antigenomes that are in turn transcribed into negative-stranded virus progeny genome copies. Newly synthesized structural proteins and genomes self-assemble and accumulate near the inside of the cell membrane. Virions bud off from the cell, gaining their envelopes from the cellular membrane they bud from. The mature progeny particles then infect other cells to repeat the cycle.[8]
In 2009, the successful isolation of infectious MARV was reported from caught healthy Egyptian rousettes (Rousettus aegyptiacus).[35] This isolation, together with the isolation of infectious RAVV,[35] strongly suggests that Old World fruit bats are involved in the natural maintenance of marburgviruses. Further studies are necessary to establish whether Egyptian rousettes are the actual hosts of MARV and RAVV or whether they get infected via contact with another animal and therefore serve only as intermediate hosts. Recently the first experimental infection study of Rousettus aegyptiacus with MARV provided further insight into the possible involvement of these bats in MARV ecology.[47] Experimentally infected bats developed relatively low viremia lasting at least 5 days, but remained healthy and didn't develop any notable gross pathology. The virus also replicated to high titers in major organs (liver and spleen), and organs that might possibly be involved in virus transmission (lung, intestine, reproductive organ, salivary gland, kidney, bladder and mammary gland). The relatively long period of viremia noted in this experiment could possibly also facilitate mechanical transmission by blood sucking arthropods or infection of susceptible vertebrate hosts by direct contact with infected blood.
The Soviet Union had an extensive offensive and defensive biological weapons program that included MARV.[48] At least three Soviet research institutes had MARV research programs during offensive times: the Virology Center of the Scientific-Research Institute for Microbiology in Zagorsk (today Sergiev Posad), the Scientific-Production Association "Vektor" (today the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vektor") in Koltsovo, and the Irkutsk Scientific-Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and the Far East in Irkutsk. As most performed research was highly classified, it remains unclear how successful the MARV program was. However, Soviet defector Ken Alibek claimed that a weapon filled with MARV was tested at the Stepnogorsk Scientific Experimental and Production Base in Stepnogorsk, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (today Kazakhstan),[48] suggesting that the development of a MARV biological weapon had reached advanced stages. Independent confirmation for this claim is lacking. At least one laboratory accident with MARV, resulting in the death of Koltsovo researcher Nikolai Ustinov, occurred during offensive times in the Soviet Union and was first described in detail by Alibek.[48] After the collapse of the Soviet Union, MARV research continued in all three institutes.
Vaccine research[edit]
In 2009, expanded clinical trials of an Ebola and Marburg vaccine began in Africa. No vaccine to date has been approved for use in the US.
Popular culture[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2013) |
- In the non-fiction thriller, The Hot Zone, Richard Preston describes several MARV infections
- In the TV series Millennium, at the end of Season 2, a "prion version" of MARV causes a disease outbreak in Seattle, killing (amongst others) Frank Black's wife, Catherine. In the Season 3 episode Collateral Damage, Peter Watt's daughter is infected with MARV by a Gulf War veteran who claims that the Millennium Group did the same to American soldiers during the first Gulf War
- In the crossover event of the TV series Medical Investigation, episode 17, and Third Watch, season 6 episode 16, Marburg virus disease breaks out in New York City, killing 5 of 6 infected people
- In the Sarah Jane Smith series (Series Two), MARV is used as a weapon by a doomsday cult
- In the short story Hell Hath Enlarged Herself by Michael Marshall Smith, one of the original scientists is infected with MARV in an attempt to test ImmunityWorks ver. 1.0
- In the novel Microserfs by Douglas Coupland, MARV is mentioned several times as a metaphor for the spread of information through the internet
- In the novel Resident Evil: Caliban Cove, an insane scientist and former professor named Nicolas Griffith is referred to by Rebecca Chambers as having infected three men with MARV after they had been led to believe it was a harmless common cold virus
- In the novel Pandora's Legion by Harold Coyle and Barrett Tillman, an Al-Qaeda cell in Pakistan injects volunteers with MARV, who then board flights to major international airports in the western world where the large flow of people would facilitate the spreading of the virus into a pandemic.
- In the TV series Body of Proof, Season 2, episodes 18 and 19 include a MARV outbreak.
- In Mira Grant's novel Feed, a modified Marburg virus that cures cancer combines with a virally transmitted cure for the common cold, resulting in a virulent viral plague that turns infected humans and animals into zombies.
- Motaba, the fictional deadly viral hemorrhagic fever, in the movie Outbreak, is based on MARV
- In the video game Trauma Team, the seventh chapter of the game, named "Patient Zero", has a storyline of a mass outbreak of the fictional Rosalia Virus, which has similar symptoms to the Ebola Virus and Marburg Virus.
- In the TV show Leverage, a weaponized Marburg virus made by the Soviets is used on the team's mark in "The Order 23 Job".
- In the episode "Death is in the Air" of the TV show Psych, the fictional Thornburg virus is based on the Marburg virus.
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- ^ Miller EH, Obernosterer G, Raaben M, Herbert AS, Deffieu MS, Krishnan A, Ndungo E, Sandesara RG, Carette JE, Kuehne AI, Ruthel G, Pfeffer SR, Dye JM, Whelan SP, Brummelkamp TR, Chandran K (March 2012). "Ebola virus entry requires the host-programmed recognition of an intracellular receptor". EMBO Journal 31 (8): 1947–60. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.53. PMC 3343336. PMID 22395071.
- ^ Flemming A (October 2011). "Achilles heel of Ebola viral entry". Nat Rev Drug Discov 10 (10): 731. doi:10.1038/nrd3568. PMID 21959282.
- ^ Paweska JT, Jansen van Vuren P, Masumu J, Leman PA, Grobbelaar AA, et al. (2012) Virological and Serological Findings in Rousettus aegyptiacus Experimentally Inoculated with Vero Cells-Adapted Hogan Strain of Marburg Virus. PLoS ONE 7(9): e45479. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045479. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0045479
- ^ a b c Alibek, Steven; Handelman. Biohazard: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World — Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran It. New York, US: Random House. ISBN 0-385-33496-6
Further reading[edit]
- Klenk, Hans-Dieter (1999). Marburg and Ebola Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol. 235. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-64729-4
- Klenk, Hans-Dieter; Feldmann, Heinz (2004). Ebola and Marburg Viruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology. Wymondham, Norfolk, UK: Horizon Bioscience. ISBN 978-0-9545232-3-7
- Kuhn, Jens H. (2008). Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20. Vienna, Austria: SpringerWienNewYork. ISBN 978-3-211-20670-6
- Martini, G. A.; Siegert, R. (1971). Marburg Virus Disease. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-05199-4.
- Ryabchikova, Elena I.; Price, Barbara B. (2004). Ebola and Marburg Viruses: A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy. Columbus, Ohio, US: Battelle Press. ISBN 978-1-57477-131-2
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marburg virus. |


text:
- 21st Century Health
- Amazing Grass
- Bluebonnet
- California Xtracts
- Carlson Labs
- ChildLife
- Country Life
- Doctor's Best
- Eclectic Institute
- Enzymatic Therapy
- Enzymedica
- Gaia Herbs
- Helps Regulate Sleep Cycle
- Chewable
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- GMP Quality Assured
- A Dietary Supplement
- Vegetarian Formula
This product has been formulated in a lozenge form to ensure the fastest and most complete absorption of Melatonin into the bloodstream. NOW Melatonin is synthesized according to the highest pharmaceutical standards of quality and purity.
Research indicates that Melatonin may be associated with the regulation of sleep/wake cycles.
As a dietary supplement, take one lozenge just prior to bedtime as needed. Chew lozenge or hold in mouth until dissolved. Consider taking this product in combination with NOW True Calm and 5-HTP.
Fructose, cellulose, stearic acid (vegetable source), mannitol, natural peppermint flavor, sorbitol and magnesium stearate (vegetable source).
Contains no salt, starch, yeast, wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, shellfish or preservatives. Vegetarian/vegan product.
NOWs Melatonin is not animal derived. Store in a cool, dry place. Please recycle.
Do not eat freshness packet. Keep in bottle.
Caution: If you are under medical supervision seek the advice of your physician or health care professional prior to use. Individuals with auto-immune conditions, depressive disorders, those taking sedatives or corticosteroid drugs, or pregnant or lactating women, should consult their physician prior to use. This product may cause drowsiness. Do not operate a vehicle or heavy machinery following consumption of melatonin. Keep out of reach of children.
Supplement Facts | ||
Serving Size: 1 Lozenge | ||
Amount Per Serving | % Daily Value | |
Vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxine HCl) | 3 mg | 150% |
Melatonin | 3 mg | † |
† Daily Value not established. |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
VirnetX v. Apple judge upholds $368M patent suit verdict
A U.S. District Court has upheld an earlier decision by a federal jury last year to award intellectual property and patent holding firm VirnetX more than $368.2 million, after Apple was found to have infringed patents related to the networking technology used it its FaceTime video chat service.
Meanwhile, as first noted by Seeking Alpha, Apple must award VirnetX more than $330,000 per day until the case is settled, forcing the companies to hammer out agreements between themselves.
VirnetX, known for going after major tech companies on patent infringement claims, believes Apple infringed four networking patents designed … Read more


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Nikon D5000 Video
Nikon D5000 Video Transcript
[ Music ] ^M00:00:03
>> Hi! I'm Lori Grunin, Senior Editor with CNET and this is the Nikon D5000. The replacement for the D80 which lasted for years, the D5000 is quite worthy successor to the D90. It comes in less expensive than that, but above the D60 in Nikon's product line. And it's a pretty good buy for what you get for under a thousand dollars. It has a very, very nice 18 to 55 millimeter lens. The lens is sharp and it focuses very closely. The camera uses a 12 megapixel sensor, the same as the D90. The camera itself is very fast and it produces very nice images. They are bright and saturated, but the colors are very accurate, the metering is good, the exposures are good, high ISO up to ISO 1600 is good and it's even usable beyond that to high, which is ISO 6400. The D5000 add some features to Nikon's digital SLRs for instance. It has a flip down and twist LCD. Now, this is different than what we see from Olympus, which is flip out and twist or from Sony which is tiltable. This camera also introduces video capture to the sub 1000 dollar digital SLRs from Nikon, however, it does 720p at 24 frames per second and I wasn't really impressed with the video quality compared to any of the other options out there. It has a connector for Nikon's optional GPS and it has a built-in wireless flash controller leaving Canon really as the only manufacturer who doesn't have that built-in. I think what I like the least about the D5000 is the design. It has a small low magnification view finder that's not very bright although one nice thing about it is that it can throw up a grid at display that lights up when you're shooting. And while the LCD is nice and that it flips down and twist around, it's kind of low resolution and soft. I couldn't tell if any of my shoots were sharp when I was shooting with it. And frankly in direct sunlight I had trouble reading it at all. Now, in this camera Nikon switched to an interactive display where you change all your settings through the LCD. So, if you can't read the LCD that becomes a problem. The other kind of annoying thing about the interface is, if you shoot in single AF point mode the way I do where I just like to lock it on the center, the multi selector doesn't lock and I frequently found myself accidently changing the focus point. So, my design quibbles about the D5000 left me feeling like the shooting experience wasn't quite as good as I'd like. But for a lot of people the trade off is worth it for the fast shooting and the excellent photo quality. I'm Lori Grunin and this is the Nikon D5000. ^M00:02:48 [ Music ]
Related Videos
Though it doesn't rank first based on any individual aspect of the camera, the Nikon D5100 delivers a solid combination of image quality, performance, features, and design that puts it out in front if you're looking for a well-rounded option under $1,000.
A very good entry-level dSLR, the Nikon D3100 delivers excellent photo quality in a body that's streamlined for experienced photographers, but relatively unintimidating for the less advanced. Its only weakness is performance; though solid, it nevertheless lags behind the competition.
Its feature set is basic even by entry-level standards, but the Nikon D3000 delivers the photo quality and performance you expect when stepping up to a dSLR, with an optional interface that's very newbie friendly.
While the Nikon Coolpix P90 brings its performance up to speed with the rest of its class, it now falls behind in photo quality.
Though it's stylish, affordable, and easy to use, the Nikon Coolpix S210's performance and photo quality aren't nearly as pretty.
A nice design and a couple extra features keep the Nikon Coolpix S8000 from being an also-ran compact megazoom.
The Coolpix P7000 is a fine camera that lots of enthusiasts will appreciate for its smart shooting design, interesting feature set, and worthy photo quality.
The Nikon Coolpix P500 improves on its predecessor's features and shooting performance, but its photos and video quality still aren't as good as the rest of the package.
The Nikon Coolpix S4 resurrects the company's classic swivel-lens design with modern touches, including lots of scene modes and in-camera fixes for common problems. Image quality and performance seem a bit old-fashioned, however.
Aimed squarely at snapshooters looking for a carefree pocketful, this ultracompact does all the hard work and delivers decent picture quality.
Nikon D5000 (Body Only) Review
The good: Very good photo quality; fast; video capture; articulated LCD; nice kit lens.
The bad: Small, dim viewfinder; middling video quality; too easy to accidentally change focus points.
The bottom line: Though it falls short in its design, the Nikon D5000 delivers a nice feature set, speedy performance, and great photo quality for the money.
Nikon D5000 (Body Only) Specs
Manufacturer: Nikon Inc.
Part number: 25452
- Product Specifications
- Product Basic Spec
Nikon D5000 (Body Only) Prices
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Amazon.com Marketplace | Rate this store See store profile | In stock | $649.95 |
Amazon.com Marketplace | Rate this store See store profile | In stock | $649.95 |


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Love this cameraThis review is from: Panasonic LUMIX DMC-ZS25K Black 16.1 MP Digital Camera HDTV Output Pros: Great zoom ! Cons: None yet that I can think of, maybe offer it in colors ? Other Thoughts: This is a great camera for the price. It takes great pictures, has a lot of features and is easy to use. Did you find this review helpful? |
Best point & shoot I've ever ownedThis review is from: Panasonic LUMIX DMC-ZS25K Black 16.1 MP Digital Camera HDTV Output Pros: The LUNIX DMC-ZS25 Does EVERYTHING! Pics are as good as I can achieve on my Kodak Z990 MAX and very close to what I get with my Pentax KX DSLR. Cons: For me - none! I don't miss what the upgraded DMC-ZS30 offers: an 18.1 megapixel sensor, integrated Wi-Fi, 5 Axis correction and inclination correction capabilities, plus the 920,000 dot touch screen for an extra $100. All else functionally is the same for both the ZS25 and the ZS30. Other Thoughts: This camera is only 1.1 inches deep and it fits comfortably in shirt pockets, which is what I was looking for. I've been a Photoshop user since 2000 and I process ALL my pics in Photoshop. With the ZS25 there's not much to improve, since the camera takes outstanding photos. Make sure though that you thorougly read the advanced user's manual, which you can download from the Panasonic web-site. Did you find this review helpful? |
Stunning ResultsThis review is from: Panasonic LUMIX DMC-ZS25S Silver 16.1 MP 20X Optical Zoom Digital Camera HDTV Output Pros: This camera has manual inputs, sweep panorama, 3D shots, and many other features. The stunning results come with the 20X zoom. Somehow, you can take a handheld shot with the zoom out and you can see the honey bee on the flower stamen with all the hairs or the feathers on an eagle perched on a chimney. Cons: It is so light that you forget it's on your belt. Did you find this review helpful? |


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The process of buying a new Mercedes-Benz car or truck can seem overwhelming if you don't know where to begin. Edmunds.com can get you started on the right track with a convenient directory of Mercedes-Benz car dealerships in and around Dodge, Texas. Compare online price quotes on the new or used car, truck, SUV, minivan, or wagon of your choice to locate the best deals. Edmunds.com makes it easy to find trusted Mercedes-Benz car dealers in Dodge, saving car buyers time and money on what will be an important purchase.
"Mercedes-Benz of Houston North was by far the best car buying experience I have ever experienced. Thanks to Gordon, my sales associate. Gordon went ab"... Read more Review by: dede54


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Rv Parks Review Ipad App |
Rv Parks Review Ipad App |
Danes_are coming |
Aug 28 2012, 05:25 AM
Newbie Group: Moderated Posts: 2 Joined: 19-November 08 Member No.: 27552 |
I have been looking for an Ipad app, but either I just can't find one, or it doesn't exist.
1) If there is one - where can I find it? 2) If it doesn't exist, are we going get one at any point? We NEVER stay anywhere without having checked with RV Park Reviews first. Thanks |
Lindsay Richards |
Sep 10 2012, 05:14 PM
Advanced Member Group: Members Posts: 1054 Joined: 2-November 05 Member No.: 4762 |
The above site isn't as app (as stated), but is a Smart phone friendly version of this site. It is used in conjunction with your browser. I have mine booked marked in my Google Android and love it. It just takes a couple of more clicks than an app and should be a must for everybody with a Smart phone. Best of all is that it is free. Can't beat that.
-------------------- Lindsay Richards
http://www.linandnancy.com |


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Merciful God,
we have sinned in what we have thought and said,
in the wrong we have done
and in the good we have not done.
We have sinned in ignorance:we have sinned in weakness:
we have sinned through our own deliberate fault.
We are truly sorry.We repent and turn to you.
Forgive us, for our Saviour Christ's sake,
and renew our lives to the glory of your name.
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Enjoy a 4 ball at Gailes Links for £140 valid from 1 October 2013 to 30 April 2014. To book your tee time phone the Managing Secretary's office on 0141 942 2011 or book online at www.gaileslinks.co.uk
If you are not a member of Glasgow Golf Club, you are more than welcome to play our Links Course at Gailes.
› Book NowIf you wish to play at Killermont, please telephone:
We are a members club, and we believe were unique, as we have two top-quality courses 35 miles apart.
At Killermont, on the North bank of the River Kelvin, and just five miles from Glasgow city centre, we enjoy a manicured parkland course which follows the original line of play to the greensites laid out by Old Tom Morris in December 1903. The course has hosted many prestigious events over the years.
At Gailes, on the Ayrshire coast, we have a challenging links course. It was designed by Willie Park Jnr in 1912 and we are naturally proud of the fact that it is chosen regularly by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club as a final qualifying course for the Open Championship.
The clubhouses at both courses reflect our long history, and the traditions of the game we hold dear.
We are happy to share our excellent facilities and welcome visitors from all over the World, some of whom may be interested in the limited number of overseas memberships which are available.
2012 Home Internationals
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Per Round £45
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Afternoon special for
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£60 per person
Click Here to view
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Gailes Links >


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Lena Dunham Calls Kate McKinnon a Slut Witch on New Saturday Night Live Promos (Video)
(The following post should be read in the voice of Hannah Horvath.)
Honestly? We're so, so excited about Lena Dunham hosting Saturday Night Live this weekend, and we would never want her take this as anything less than, you know, the best kind of compliment to give someone, but it's like she's so good at doing her one, very specific thing. And not that we don't totally believe that she can actually act like someone other than a character that she has written as a sort of messy doppleganger for her own real-life persona, because she is a strong, powerful woman who is so, so talented, but sketch comedy is just supposed to be really hard. Like this one time we got a part in our middle school improv team, but then totally peed onstage during our first performance because of a urinary tract infection, but at the time, we just thought we had vaginal cancer. And we were like 10.


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View Full Profile
Dr. Allen Samuel Honigman DDS
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Dr. Allen Samuel Honigman DDS and MS is a male dentist and practices in Prosthodontics and Periodontics.
Dr. Allen Honigman has
3 office locations.
6601 S Rural Rd
Tempe, AZ 85283
Phone Number
Locations and availability (3)
6601 S Rural Rd
Tempe, AZ 85283
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License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Allen Honigman:
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Dr. Honigman accepts these dental insurances in at least one office:
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Dr. Allen Honigman practices Prosthodontics and Periodontics near Tempe, AZ.
Additional practice locations include: Chandler, AZ and Laveen, AZ.
See Tempe Dentists.


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Sharp ready to roll out wireless HDTVs
There was a time, somewhere back in the Dark Ages before cable and satellite, when the television set needed only to have a single connection--plug it into the wall outlet, and it was good to go. That day may finally have returned for Sharp's newest line of ultra-thin LCDs with the help of Amimon, an Israeli company that developed its first chips for wireless HDMI connections last summer.
The technology--known as WHDI, for "Wireless High Definition Interface"--can send 1080p signals up to 100 feet and "through four or five walls," according to Dvice, which … Read more


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Definition of text wrap in English:
text wrap
Syllabification: text wrapnoun
- (In word processing) a facility allowing text to surround embedded features such as pictures.More example sentences
- There's no way to align an image in the center of the page and have text wrap around both sides.
- Now that the text wrap is on, all the words are visible within the text field's borders.
- If you have a bit of patience, you can create a faux-curved text wrap around what appears to be a single image.


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Home » Opinion » Editorials
Shaheen vs. sugar: The senator's good fight
Last Thursday, on Valentine's Day, Shaheen introduced a new version of her bill, written with Sens. Mark Kirk, R-Il, and Pat Toomey, R-Pa., to reduce federal price supports for U.S. sugar producers. In the past, Shaheen has tried to end the price supports entirely. This bill does not go that far, unfortunately, but it probably has a better chance of passing because of that.
The federal government has developed a crazy system of regulations and subsidies that artificially inflate the price of sugar sold in the United States. In the 30 years from 1982 to 2012, the average price of sugar in the USA was more than twice the world price (29.1 cents vs. 14.4 cents per pound), University of Michigan economist Mark Perry noted in an analysis for the American Enterprise institute last week.
Last year alone, the price supports cost U.S. consumers $3 billion.
The protections supposedly save jobs in the sugar industry. But a 2006 U.S. Commerce Department study concluded that "(f)or each one sugar growing and harvesting job saved through high U.S. sugar prices, nearly three confectionery manufacturing jobs are lost."
That is, to protect a handful of major sugar producers, the government hurts candy makers like Lindt in Stratham, as well as every U.S. consumer who buys anything containing sugar.
Shaheen has taken the lead in the Senate in fighting these subsidies.
Though she continues to support other wasteful subsidy programs, such as those for "green energy," she deserves credit for coming to the aid of Lindt and American consumers by going after the unjustifiable sugar price supports.
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Bloomington Kennedy High School
- 9701 Nicollet Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55425 | Get Directions
- Phone: 952-681-5280
- Visit Website
Add to my trip
Error. Submission of this item to your trip planner may have timed out. Please try again or check your trip planner to make sure it has been added.
Year-RoundThe Activity Center is a great location for tournaments. It features five basketball/volleyball courts separated by vinyl and mesh curtains. Each court has its own LED electronic scoreboard and seating for 60 ppl. All courts have spring-loaded hardwood maple floors. The main gym can be divided into 3 additional courts or one main court with seating for 1,500 - 2,000.


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This project in Hastings is a complete stamped and colored concrete designed driveway with multiple patterns and colors. This design incorporates the drive as part of the landscape – giving beauty and interest to a usually bleak part of a home. This decorative concrete drive is more than just pretty. It is poured with solid colored concrete at 4.5" thick with steel re-bar every 2 ' on center. This drive will last 35-40 years and it can tolerate driving heavy equipment on it. This project also has matching decorative stamped and colored concrete walk, stoop, steps and a patio.
This Hastings patio is a standard concrete patio featuring an 18" stamped colored border that bleeds into the walkway in the Canyon Stone pattern. This border enhances the curves of the patio and includes the smaller walk with the "big picture" design.
In Hastings, this is a standard concrete driveway that was extended 2 feet on each side. This extra space allows more room when opening car doors and accommodating large snow banks. The control joints are hand cut vs. saw-cut.


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CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA (WSAZ/CNN) - It has been one month since a chemical leaked into the drinking water of about 300,000 people across nine counties in West Virginia.
But just this week we have seen the problems from this chemical contamination are far from over.
Another school has major water concerns that now translate into a weekend's worth of work.
As Michael Clouse explains, one school administrator has some advice for parents perturbed by the problems.
Stopping a 6-year-old from a daily habit can be difficult.
"It's second nature to her to go brush her teeth in the water. She doesn't comprehend, she doesn't think about 'well, there's something going on,'" parent Marie McDavid said.
It's that "habit" of just turning to the tap that has caused McDavid the biggest fear these past four weeks.
She's been able to watch her daughter Autiana at home, but not when she's at Bridgeview Elementary in South Charleston.
"We don't know what's happening. We don't know what's going on. It seems like it's very secretive of what's happening, so I think people just want some answers," McDavid said.
McDavid was one of several parents who came to the Chesapeake community center Friday night to voice concerns.
Concerns spurred by yet another "detectable" level of MCHM found at a school in Kanawha County, this one at George Washington High School.
"It's been difficult," George Aulenbacher said.
Aulenbacher is the principal at George Washington High School where levels came back Friday morning at 18 parts per billion, almost twice the governor's recommended "safe" level.
This Forced the school to go even further to prevent a problem.
"We've bagged all of our sinks, just as a precautionary measure," Aulenbacher said.
George Washington High School will be flushed again Saturday morning.
It's important to note that all tests done Friday came back at "non-detect" levels.
Copyright 2014 WSAZ via CNN. All rights reserved.
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The mission of the NAL Preservation Program is to preserve and ensure access to the intellectual content and physical composition of agricultural works of national and international importance indefinitely into the future. Through collaborative efforts, the NAL Preservation Program will advance the application of new technologies and approaches for preserving and ensuring access to agricultural works in all formats. See Scanning Specifications for additional information on standards currently followed by the NAL.
The Preservation Program seeks to reduce the risks to the collections and maximize their life expectancy by engaging in preventive actions for all collection materials as well as duplication and retrospective treatment for damaged materials. The Preservation Program aspires to preserve NAL research materials that are part of the permanent collections by housing them in appropriate macro and micro environments, ensuring their proper handling, maintaining necessary information retrieval equipment and software, providing physical and chemical stabilization, and reformatting or replacing those that are too deteriorated for use.
The preservation of NAL's own collections is a primary step toward preserving the scholarly agricultural record. In addition, NAL has a leadership role to assist in the preservation of important agricultural literature held by other U. S. institutions. NAL's preservation efforts are coordinated with those of other national libraries, research libraries, land-grant institutions, and the U.S. Agricultural Information Network.
Preservation Program staff monitor developments in preservation science to secure and maximize the use of appropriate and effective methods that meet the needs of NAL collections. Program members participate in research, development, testing and evaluation of technologies to support preservation of vital agricultural information for the United States and the world.


text:
Definition of bloatware in English:
Line breaks: bloat|warePronunciation: /ˈbləʊtwɛː
- 1Software whose usefulness is reduced because of the excessive disk space and memory it requires: a nasty piece of cross-platform bloatware that's in serious need of a total overhaulMore example sentences
- I don't believe we'll ever see a reversal of the trend towards bloatware in software.
- So I'm starting to suspect that fretting about bloatware is more of a mental health problem than a software problem.
- I, however, want to suggest a new category: bloatware engineer.
- 1.1Unwanted software included on a new computer or mobile device by the manufacturer: users must initially contend with the usual bevy of bloatware (unnecessary toolbars, games of questionable value)More example sentences
- There's the usual amount of bloatware and clutter on the desktop.
- Aside from bloatware included on both devices from their respective carriers, the phones are otherwise identical.
- The battery drains quickly, it has a poor audio speaker, and it comes preloaded with too much bloatware.


text:
Added to Bag!
We'll let you know if it's back in stock!
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Ikat Lover Pillow in Green
By Karma Living
Final Sale: This item cannot be returned or exchanged.
- 100% Cotton.
- Measures approximately 21 inches in length and width.
- Machine wash cold.
- Zipper closure.
- Imported


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Some information is missing or invalid below.
Support your active lifestyle with these men's Croft & Barrow sport sandals.
Shoe Features:
- Toggle closure ensures a snug fit.
- Fabric lining offers comfort with every step.
Shoe Construction:
- Leather/synthetic/fabric upper
- Fabric lining
- TPR outsole
Shoe Details:
- Round toe
- Toggle closure
- Padded footbed
- Promotional offers available online at Kohls.com may vary from those offered in Kohl's stores.


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We Make You Look Good.
What We Do
Commercial Kings is the Number 1 Source for Radio Commercial and TV Commercial production and voiceovers. Providing top ranked services to clients all over the world, from local and national concert promoters, to huge TV networks like VIACOM, no job is ever too big or small. Commercial Kings delievers it's clients only the best radio commercial and tv commercial quality when it comes to professionalism and creativity. We take the idea, project, show or event that you want to advertise, and build your completely customized radio commercial and/or TV commercial from scratch, guaranteed to demand the attention of your target audience. Check out our site, view previous radio commercials and tv commercials we've made to see what we can do for you!
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