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< Return To Hearing
Mr. Timothy LynchDecember 4, 2001
I. Introduction We must respond to this new threat without losing sight of what we are fighting for. Our troops are not simply defending the property and occupants of some geographical location. They are defending the fundamental American idea that individuals have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Our government must fight any foreign or domestic enemy who would destroy the rights of our people. That said, I am disturbed by some of the actions taken by our government in response to the September 11th attacks. And I sincerely thank you for your invitation to come here and share my concerns with you. II. Bush Order Violates Separation of Powers On November 13, 2001 President George Bush signed an executive order with respect to the detention, treatment, and trial of persons accused of terrorist activities. The president declared a national emergency and claimed that Article II of the Constitution and the recent Joint Resolution by Congress Authorizing the Use of Military Force (Public Law 107-40) empowered him to issue the order. In my view, the president cannot rely upon the Joint Resolution as a legal justification for his executive order. That resolution simply did not give the president carte blanche to write his own legislation on whatever subject he deemed necessary. And because Article I of the Constitution vests the legislative power in the Congress, not the Office of the President, the unilateral nature of this executive order clearly runs afoul of the separation of powers principle. As I understand it, the primary purpose of this hearing is to explore the question of whether Congress can "codify" or "ratify" the substance of President Bush's executive order. Thus, the remainder of my statement and legal analysis will focus on other constitutional issues raised by the substantive content of that executive order. III. Executive Arrest Warrants Violate Fourth Amendment The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution provides, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." The arrest of a person is the quintessential "seizure" under the Fourth Amendment. See Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573 (1980). In many countries around the world, police agents can arrest people whenever they choose, but in America the Fourth Amendment shields the people from overzealous government agents by placing some limitations on the powers of the police. The primary "check" is the warrant application process. By requiring the police to apply for arrest warrants, an impartial judge can exercise some independent judgment with respect to whether sufficient evidence has been gathered to meet the "probable cause" standard set forth in the Fourth Amendment. See McDonald v. United States, 335 U.S. 451 (1948). When officers take a person into custody without an arrest warrant, the prisoner must be brought before a magistrate within 48 hours so that an impartial judicial officer can scrutinize the conduct of the police agent and release anyone who was illegally deprived of his or her liberty. See County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, 500 U.S. 654 (1988). It is important to note that while some provisions of the Constitution employ the term "citizens" other provisions employ the term "persons." Thus, it is safe to say that when the Framers of the Constitution wanted to use the narrow or broad classification, they did so. Supreme Court rulings affirm this plain reading of the constitutional text. See Zadvydas v. Davis, 121 S.Ct. 2491, 2500-2501 (2001); Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886); Wong Wing v. United States, 163 U.S. 228 (1896). Noncitizens have always benefitted from the safeguards of the Fourth Amendment. See Au Yi Lau v. INS, 445 F.2d 217 (1971); Illinois Migrant Council v. Pilliod, 540 F.2d 1062 (1976). President Bush would like to be able to issue his own executive arrest warrants. Under his executive order, once the president makes a determination that a noncitizen may be involved in certain illegal activities, federal police agents "shall" detain that person "at an appropriate location designated by the secretary of defense outside or within the United States." See Executive Order, Section 3, Detention Authority of the Secretary of Defense. Under the order, the person arrested cannot get into a court of law to challenge the legality of the arrest. The prisoner can only appeal to the official who ordered his arrest in the first instance, namely, the president. The whole purpose of the Fourth Amendment is to make such procedures impossible in America. Thus, Congress cannot authorize the use of executive warrants with mere legislation. See Lynch, "In Defense of the Exclusionary Rule," 23 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 711 (2000). IV. No Person Can be Deprived of Liberty Without Due Process The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution provides that no person can be "deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." While no alien has a right to enter the United States, once an alien makes an entry into our country, his constitutional status changes. Any person threatened with deportation has a constitutional right to a fair hearing. See Landon v. Plasencia, 459 U.S. 21 (1982). See also Ludecke Watkins, 335 U.S. 160 (1948) (Black, J., dissenting). President Bush would like to be able to seize and deport people without any hearing whatsoever. As noted above, under the executive order, the president can have people arrested outside of the judicial process and held incommunicado at military bases. One should not forget that the power to deport has been abused. American citizens have been (intentionally or unintentionally) deported. See, for example, "Born in U.S.A. -- But Deported," San Francisco Chronicle, October 22, 1993. Some people have become pawns in political machinations. Six Iraqi men who fought against Saddam Hussein are fighting bogus deportation charges that are tantamount to a death sentence should they be forced back to Iraqi territory. See Woolsey, "Iraqi Dissidents Railroaded--by U.S.," Wall Street Journal, June 10, 1998. The federal government has great leeway in establishing the various grounds for deportation, but the only check on possible arbitrary and capricious action is the due process guarantee. That guarantee should not be nullified. Article III, section 2 of the Constitution provides, "The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment; shall by Jury." The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution provides, "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury." To limit the awesome powers of government, the Framers designed a system where juries would stand between the apparatus of the state and the accused. If the government can convince a citizen jury that the accused has committed a crime and belongs in prison, the accused will lose his liberty and perhaps his life. If the government cannot convince the jury with its evidence, the prisoner will go free. In America, an acquital by a jury is final and unreviewable by state functionaries. During the Civil War, the federal government set up military tribunals and denied many people of their right to trial by jury. To facilitate that process, the government also suspended the writ of habeas corpus--so that the prisoners could not challenge the legality of their arrest or conviction. The one case that did reach the Supreme Court deserves careful attention. In Ex Parte Milligan, 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 2 (1866), the Attorney General of the United States maintained that the legal guarantees set forth in the Bill of Rights were "peace provisions." During wartime, he argued, the federal government can suspend the Bill of Rights and impose martial law. If the government chooses to exercise that option, the commanding military officer becomes "the supreme legislator, supreme judge, and supreme executive." It is very important to recall that that legal stance had real world consequences during that period of our history. Some men and women were imprisoned and some were actually executed without the benefit of the legal mode of procedure set forth in the Constitution--trial by jury. The Supreme Court ultimately rejected the legal position advanced by the Attorney General. Here is one passage from that ruling: "The great minds of the country have differed on the correct interpretation to be given to various provisions of the Federal Constitution; and judicial decision has been often invoked to settle their true meaning; but until recently no one ever doubted that the right to trial by jury was fortified in the organic law against the power of attack. It is now assailed; but if ideas can be expressed in words, and language has any meaning, this right--one of the most valuable in a free country--is preserved to every one accused of crime who is not attached to the army, or navy, or militia in actual service. The sixth amendment affirms that 'in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury,' language broad enough to embrace all persons and cases ..." Milligan, pp. 122-123 (emphasis in original). The Milligan ruling is sound. The Constitution does permit the suspension of habeas corpus in certain circumstances and Congress does have the power "To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;" and "To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia." To reconcile those provisions with the provisions pertaining to trial by jury, the Supreme Court ruled that the jurisdiction of the military could not extend beyond those people who were actually serving in the army, navy, and militia. That is an eminently sensible reading of the constitutional text. President Bush would like to be able to deny noncitizens on U.S. soil of the benefit of trial by jury. Under his executive order, he will decide who can be tried by jury and who will be tried by a military commission. The only case in which the Supreme Court has explicitly upheld the constitutionality of using military tribunals in America to try individuals who were not in the military is Ex Parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1 (1942). Because the Quirin ruling carved out an exception to the Milligan holding, it must be scrutinized carefully. The facts in Quirin are fairly straightforward. In June, 1942 German submarines surfaced off the American coast and two teams of saboteurs landed on our shores--one team in New York, the other team in Florida. Those teams initially wore German uniforms, but the uniforms were discarded after they landed on the beach. Wearing civilian clothes, they proceeded inland to accomplish their mission. They were all subsequently apprehended by the FBI. President Franklin Roosevelt wanted these men to be tried before a military commission so he ordered that the men be turned over to the military authorities. FDR set up a military commission and decreed that these prisoners would not have access to the civilian court system. The prisoners were tried before the military commission and found guilty. Although the Attorney General of the United States strenuously argued that the Supreme Court had no jurisdiction over the case, the Court did grant a writ of habeas corpus that had been filed with the court by the attorneys for the prisoners. The attorneys that had been assigned to defend the prisoners contended that the military proceedings were inconsistent with the Milligan precedent and that the Supreme Court ought to order a new trial. The Supreme Court rejected that argument and sought to distinguish the Milligan ruling from the circumstances found in Quirin. The Court ruled that the jurisdiction of military commissions could extend to people who are accused of "unlawful belligerency." Under the rationale of Quirin, anyone accused of being an unlawful belligerent can be deprived of trial by jury. Even an American citizen who is found out on U.S. soil can be tried and presumably executed by U.S. military authorities as long as he or she is charged and convicted of "unlawful belligerency." In my view, the Quirin ruling cannot be reconciled with the constitutional guarantee of trial by jury. The flaw that I see in Quirin (and in the writings of those who defend Quirin) is circularity. We are told that a prisoner is not entitled to trial by jury because he is an unlawful combatant. The prisoner denies the charge and demands his constitutional rights so that he can establish his innocence. The government responds by diverting the case to a military tribunal. And, we are told, the subsequent conviction confirms the fact that the prisoner is ineligible to appeal his sentence to the civilian court system. That is like saying that a convicted rapist should not be given a DNA test because he is a convicted criminal. Because of the hastiness of Quirin proceedings, the record in the case is (intentionally or unintentionally) incomplete. The case does not disclose the circumstances under which the prisoners were detected and captured by the FBI. That omission obscures the legal issues that are being debated presently. For what it is worth, here is my own legal analysis of the circumstances presented by Quirin. When the German u-boat surfaced off of the American coast, our country was in a declared state of war against Germany. Thus, our military forces would have been perfectly entitled to destroy the u-boat and its occupants. Similarly, when the saboteurs arrived on the beach, they could have been immediately shot by military personnel or by any American. However, once the saboteurs successfully made their way inland and infiltrated our society, their legal status changed. Those who resist that conclusion need to recognize the dilemma posed by imperfect knowledge. A primary function of the trial process is to determine the truth. Anyone who assumes that a person who has merely been accused of being an unlawful combatant is, in fact, an unlawful combatant, can understandably maintain that such a person is not entitled to our constitutional safeguards. The problem, once again, is that that argument begs the question under consideration. And the stakes here are not trivial. The lives of human beings are potentially on the line. To conclude, Congress should not attempt to exploit the misguided Quirin ruling and suspend the guarantee of trial by jury for people here in the United States. Note, however, that policymakers may have choices beyond criminal indictment and sheer helplessness. The federal government, for example, already has the power to deport people who may pose a threat to our national security. And the burden of proof in a deportation proceeding is properly much lower than the standard of proof in criminal trials. There appear to be four possible legal forums to try suspected war criminals that are captured overseas: (1) trial in a civilian court here in America, according to our normal federal rules of criminal procedure; (2) trial by a non-Article III court; (3) trial in a international forum; (4) trial before a an ad hoc court based upon Nuremberg principles. Let me briefly address these possibilities in turn. A criminal trial in a civilian court here in America does not require extended discussion. This procedure was used to try the Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega, the terrorists who bombed the World Trade Center in 1993, and the bombers of the Oklahoma City federal building in 1995. A criminal trial in a non-Article III court here in America or overseas has precedent. After World War II, some German and Japanese POWs were accused of war crimes and were tried before military tribunals. See Application of Yamashita, 327 U.S. 1 (1946). In recent years there has been much discussion surrounding the creation of an "International Criminal Court" (ICC). The idea here is to establish a permanent court that can try individuals for war crimes, genocide, and other crimes against humanity. To become effective, the ICC Treaty requires 60 nations to ratify its provisions. Thus far, only 43 nations have signed off on the treaty. However, even if the ICC treaty were ratified tomorrow, it provisions are not retroactive and could not be applied against terrorists for the vicious attacks on the World Trade Center. Thus, on closer examination, this is not a feasible possibility. There are, in any event, many good reasons to withhold U.S. support for such a tribunal. See Dempsey, "Reasonable Doubt: The Case Against the Proposed International Criminal Court," Cato Institute Policy Analysis no. 311 (July 16, 1998). A temporary, ad hoc, tribunal based upon Nuremberg principles is another possibility. After World War II, the Allied Nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg. At present, the former dictator, Slobodon Milosevic, is being tried before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, which is also based on Nuremberg principles. Because a regular criminal trial in the United States is straightforward and the ICC seems unrealistic, let me briefly explain why I think a trial by an ad hoc tribunal based upon Nuremberg principles may be the best forum. First, government prosecutors can avoid habeas corpus appeals in the U.S. court system, which absent congressional action, will almost certainly develop post-trial. Second, a reasonable argument can be made that bona fide
In sum, my view is that war criminals captured on U.S. soil must be tried in our civilian court system. War criminals captured overseas can be tried in a civilian court here in the United States or by a Nuremberg-type tribunal. |


text: A Beautiful Encounter Awakens The fire still, brightly burns. The heart still bleeding, yearns to be loving you forever more, to know the pleasures as before. On itself, nothing turns, lost, forever, behind the closed door, wondering ?, what fate may have in store, for one with far to many concerns. B. J. "A" 2 February 1st 2013

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FREE ONLINE SHIPPING* at any price with code WELCOME *Shipping offer only valid on usa.denon.com. To receive free standard ground shipping, enter promo code WELCOME in the promotion code box in your shopping cart during checkout. This offer applies to standard ground shipping to anywhere in the US on Internet orders only and does not apply to out-of-stock items. This offer cannot be applied to previous purchases.
December 17, 2012
Dear Denon Customer,Please be advised that due to certain changes implemented at Pandora Internet Radio, some of our products have been temporarily unable to connect to the Pandora service. Our engineers are currently working hard and will have a firmware update available as soon as possible via the internet to resolve this issue. This should not affect your product's ability to receive other music streaming services.
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text: The Osage is the ideal bed and breakfast escape for your romantic getaway or Colorado honeymoon; tucked back on the 3rd floor, this room provides a perfect setting to spend time alone together. Private and quiet, the roomy Osage has a fabulous king-size bed canopied with dreamy white sheers and a rich red brocade spread with extra fluffy pillows. Two oversized comfy chairs are tucked against a small wall of windows, perfect for good conversation, wine in the evening, or reading your favorite book. Enjoy mountain views as well as an outlook over the historic library garden. This large room has an out-of-the-ordinary shower bath enclosed in vibrant and rich red curtain. The bathroom includes a newly renovated shower and large sink and vanity. This bathroom is part of the room, as shown in the picture below, there is no other room with a door it is divided off by the curtain.


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Nike Air Force 1 Low – Grey – Volt
September 19th, 2012 by Aaron Hope | 6 comments
The Air Force 1 is enjoying an utterly spectacular 30th anniversary year, and here we have a new style that will arrive under the radar compared to some of the higher profile releases. This newest Nike Air Force 1 Low revelation isn't one of the as yet unrevealed models teased at 21 Mercer's AF1 installation, but the vaguely Air Max 95-ish mix of black, greys and white plus Volt accents ensures they'll attract plenty of attention all the same. Click through how different degrees of graininess give these leathers a bit more depth and stick with Sneaker News to find out when they hit US retailers.
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Hi;And welcome to the forum.
Thank you guys, I thought as much, but you know, when doing it alone you doubt yourself. I have learnt something today : a system with three variables and two equations will NOT yield precise values for the variables, except by inserting the infinite number of all possible solutions. Thanx. Will be back soon.
hi MERTICHWelcome to the forum. If you had three equations like this, you could make x the subject of one and substitute this into both the other equations.Then you'd have two equations and two unknowns.Making y the subject of one and substituting into the other, would enable you to solve for z.Then you could substitute back to get y and x.So, as a general rule, three equations with three unknowns leads to a single unique answer for x, y and z. This only applies when the equations are linear .... so not when x^2 etc. Also some sets of three will lead to no solutions or even an infinite number of solutions.Because you have only two equations with three unknowns, you won't ever be able to get a single answer.As shown, y and z can be eliminated in a single step by adding the equations together. So x is fixed.But there's not enough information to fix y and z. As bobbym says, you can choose a value for y and this leads to a value for z. But there are an infinite number of choices.Is that the whole problem or was this just a part of a problem? Maybe you are now meant to say what this means in the larger problem.For example, these could be the equations for two intersecting planes. The line x=1 is then the equation for the line of intersection.Bob
Hi;No problem, I will just zolve it again.
bobbym wrote:Hi MERTICH;Best you can do is solve it in terms of x or any of the other 2 variables.Now substituting any value into x will yield a solution to the system.
Hi MERTICH;Best you can do is solve it in terms of x or any of the other 2 variables.
I am so sorry Bobbym . The other z is positive.It should be:5x+2y-z =94x-2y+z =0
Nehushtan wrote:You made a mistake. It should beSince there are three variables and only two equations, there will be infinitely many solutions.
You made a mistake. It should be
I have edited the system. the other z is positive. Sorry guys.it should be5x+2y-z = 94x-2y+z =0
5x +2y - z =94x - 2y +z =0I have soved this problem to the point of getting that : 9x = 9and thus, x = 1.How do I solve for y and z. Am in College.


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February 17th, 2013, 04:56 PM | #1 |
Loves pork products
9 inch traction
Having no experience with either product, i need some advice from the off road world. I am building a ford 9 inch for my v8 powered cj-7. At this point i do not have a functional gear carrier and am considering two options. Option one, I purchase an empty open carrier and stuff it with an Aussie lunch box locker- cost $350. Option two, new Detroit true track LSD- cost $475. Jeep splits its time on ice cream runs and high speed 2wd dune climbing. I sure hope this doesn't split 50/50. thanks for any feedback
February 18th, 2013, 08:10 PM | #3 |
Loves pork products
who said anything about 29" tires? Im currently running 33's and looking to get 35's when the 33's are all used up. And i suppose i care because i took the time to start this thread. if you have any experience with either set up id like your input, otherwise, thanks for the bump.
February 18th, 2013, 08:52 PM | #4 |
Senior Member
your V-8 only has 200 horsepower because it's worn out and leaks oil out of the rusted out oil pan. You won't break either axle setup on a worn out chevy 305, it doesn't matter which setup you pick.
February 18th, 2013, 09:23 PM | #6 |
Loves pork products
thank you 78mitsu, that is the kinda opinion i was looking for. I dont know the track record for the lunch box set ups and dont want to spend the money twice. I dont understand the hostility from our elvis friend, but i would like to hear any other opinion that may be out there.
February 18th, 2013, 09:41 PM | #8 |
Loves pork products
my wife likes to drive it from time to time and i just don't want that call that "it did something funny" and now its on top of somebody's sunfire at the mall. I have considered the welded or mini spool idea, just not completely sold on it yet. seems like alot of guys that spend time on the street end up getting away from full time lockout.
February 19th, 2013, 05:33 AM | #9 |
I'm not old, honest...
For what you are doing a lunch box locker will work fine. If you are going to spend the money on a full locker, don't waste it on a limited slip.
GLFWDA member since 1979. Member Southern Michigan Rock Crawlers. |
February 19th, 2013, 07:18 AM | #10 |
Senior Member
X2, I ran the Powertrax LOCK-RIGHT in a 78 bronco front and rear with 36" Irocks and a warmed up 400, they held up for two years before I sold the axles to a fellow Jeeper who is still "5 years later" running them. For your application they will work fine with money left over for more ice cream
February 19th, 2013, 01:27 PM | #11 |
My 9" has a full spool in it now, and I would like to switch it over to a regular locker..... I'm thinking a lunch box would work for me.
Hay, look at me... I have a signature..... RIP FULLSIZE4LIFE |
February 19th, 2013, 01:45 PM | #12 |
Axle breakin' 101
If your wife is going to drive it I would go with the TrueTrac. It is used in the 9" application in most racing scenes and is tough as nails. A true all gear LSD that does not need rebuilding and is just shy of a true locker. Great for all year driving and is almost unnoticeable in a short Jeep platform.
Rear "lockers" in a short wheelbase are hard to get used to. A spool is very predictable but hard on parts and creates embarrassing tire squeal in tight turn situations. If you want more input on the TrueTrac contact Bo'sCJ7 on here he has been running one for almost a year in all circumstances (sand, mud, snow, pavement etc.) with V8 power. Good luck. |
February 19th, 2013, 03:32 PM | #13 | |
Senior Member
And for the record, some of us do run 30'ish" tall tires. Tire size doesn't mean shit, you can still break stuff. |
February 19th, 2013, 04:41 PM | #14 |
Senior Member
From the looks of your first post it was evident that you had no clue how to get decent feedback. I was hoping after my first post that you would get where i was going, but you still haven't got it.
At least we know what size tires you're running, (you're welcome) but high speed 2wd hill climbing in a 950 horsepower jeep is dangerous with a half ton axle. Sorry, i'm just trying to help. |
February 19th, 2013, 05:03 PM | #15 | |
Axles - Driveline Parts
Any limited slip differential will act like an open diff if there is no resistance to one side of the differential. For example, when one tire lifts in the air, it will be the one that spins, and the one on the ground will not spin. The simple solution is to apply brake pressure (press the brake pedal) for a bit and the lsd should transfer some torque to the tire that is on the ground. It will never provide the true 50/50 split of torque that a locker or spool does, but it is a great choice when on-road handling is still important. Mechanical lockers, whether the lunchbox style that you mentioned, or a full carrier locker like a Detroit, will sometimes lock and unlock unexpectedly. This is why I would not recommend this type of locker to someone without offroading experience or a basic understanding of what's going on. Some people refer to these as 'lane-changers'. You could also look at Yukon Dura-Grips. They are a rebuild-able clutch based limited slip that also allows customization to get the torque bias you want. They are a little less expensive than a True Trac, too. I have a True Trac in the front of my TJ. It is basically invisible on-road, and provides traction off-road when I need it. Another advantage of the True Trac is that it has no wearable parts like clutch packs and springs. Hope this helps.
Buy with confidence from The #1 Authorized Dealer of Yukon Gear and Axle Off Road Products 563-583-5363 firstname.lastname@example.com Use code "GL4X4" at checkout for 5% off SSC branded products at CompleteOffroad.com FREE SHIPPING ON ORDERS OVER $199* Yukon, USA Standard, ARB, Warn, Currie, Bubba Rope, Master Pull, Trail Defense, and more Authorized Yukon Dealer since 1998 Like us on Facebook! *Free Shipping to USA on most items. Excludes all EATON products and oversized or heavy items. Excludes wholesale orders. |
February 19th, 2013, 08:14 PM | #16 |
Loves pork products
thanks everybody for in input. I talked to James at KOZ offroad today when i dropped off my housing to get narrowed up, he agreed with the LSD set up for a rear axle for the application.
Elvis, its hard to tell the difference between a sarcastic nudge for more info and being a prick when your just reading works on a screen. Next time i wont think your throwing rocks at my rig. |
February 20th, 2013, 03:47 PM | #17 | |
Senior Member
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Within a few days I started really feeling like crap. Like sick in bed and exhausted by breathing kind of crap. I called the advice nurse several times. On each of these calls I made a point of telling the nurse that I had just gotten an IUD and asked if it could be related.
I obsessively change my tampons now. I tell women to SLEEP IN A GODDAMNED DIAPER IF YOU HAVE TO. I never want any woman to have to go through that.


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Understanding OAuth – Tweeting from Scratch, Part 1
Understanding OAuth - Tweeting from Scratch
- Understanding OAuth – Tweeting from Scratch, Part 1
- Understanding OAuth – Tweeting from Scratch, Part 2
A common complaint about OAuth is that it is very difficult to understand, but perhaps some of that confusion is because of an expectation that the abstraction provided by a third-party library will erase the need to understand the steps of an OAuth transaction – it does not. This two-part article demonstrates how how OAuth v1 works by explaining the process of connecting a PHP application to the Twitter API using only a few built-in functions to post a message to a user's Twitter stream.
The example code provided in this article is intended for educational purposes only. It lacks much practical use and error handling, Any real development should take advantage of an existing OAuth library, but after reading this article you'll have a better understanding of how OAuth works and will be better equipped to troubleshoot any problems that may arise.
Obtaining Consumer Credentials
Posting to Twitter on behalf of a user without asking for a username and password combination every time requires a sort of "valet key"… this key is OAuth. In OAuth terms, your client application is called the consumer, the user is called the resource owner, and Twitter is the server or service provider.
Before Twitter will accept a post from your application, you need to obtain your own client credentials: the Consumer Key and Consumer Secret. Twitter, like most services that provide a public API, will grant you a key and secret after completing a registration form (available at dev.twitter.com/apps). With Twitter, you need to supply some information that will identify your application to the user during the authorization process, specifically its name, description, and website URL. You also need to enter a Callback URL, which I'll explain later.
Once you have submitted the Create an Application form, you will be taken to a Details page for your new application. Scroll down to find your Consumer Key and Secret. You'll need these along with the handful of endpoint URLs that are listed. Notice the application is granted Read Only access by default; since it will be posting tweets, you need to click the Settings tab and change the access to "Read and Write".
Authorizing the Application
The Consumer Key and Consumer Secret allow your application to talk to the Twitter API, but those alone won't let it post tweets on another user's behalf. You need access credentials: an Access Token and Access Secret. To obtain these through a request to the Service Provider (Twitter) in a short conversation using the consumer credentials involving Twitter and the end-user. Obtaining the access credentials can be fairly painful, but luckily you only need to do this once per user. You can save the credentials indefinitely for later use and not require the user to reauthorize your application. The conversation requesting the access credentials requires its own set of credentials: the Request Token and Request Secret.
Authorization Step 1: Request Credentials
The authorization process typically starts by directing the user to an Authorize Twitter page. This is a page you create that initiates the request for a Request Token from Twitter and begins the OAuth authorization process. It must generate a URL used to grab the Request Credentials, and once you have the credentials you can redirect the user to Twitter to grant the application permission to post.
Requesting the Request Credentials requires a signed request, which means you need to send an OAuth signature along with other important parameters in the request. The signature is a base64-encoded hashed list of the request parameters. In Twitter's case, the hashing algorithm is HMAC-SHA1. The signing process prevents anyone else from posing as your application with your credentials even though the Consumer Key is transmitted in plain text. The signature can only be reproduced by you (the Consumer) and the server (Twitter) because you two are the only entities that should know the Consumer Secret that hashes the signature.
Lets build a string the signature is based on:
<?php $requestTokenUrl = "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token"; $authorizeUrl = "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize"; $oauthTimestamp = time(); $nonce = md5(mt_rand()); $oauthSignatureMethod = "HMAC-SHA1"; $oauthVersion = "1.0"; $sigBase = "GET&" . rawurlencode($requestTokenUrl) . "&" . rawurlencode("oauth_consumer_key=" . rawurlencode($consumerKey) . "&oauth_nonce=" . rawurlencode($nonce) . "&oauth_signature_method=" . rawurlencode($oauthSignatureMethod) . "&oauth_timestamp=" . $oauthTimestamp . "&oauth_version=" . $oauthVersion);
Some of the above variables may be fairly obvious – $requestTokenUrl
was obtained from Twitter when you were granted consumer credentials, and $oauthTimestamp
is the current UNIX epoch time. The less obvious item is $nonce
, which is nothing more than a random string used only once (a difference nonce is used for each transaction). Typically an MD5-hashed random number works fine as a nonce. There is also $oauthSignatureMethod
which is always HMAC-SHA1 for Twitter, and the $oauthVersion
which is currently v1.0 for Twitter.
Next, the string for the signature is constructed as $sigBase
. OAuth says that the signature base must be the HTTP method (GET
in this case) followed by an "&", followed by the URL-encoded request URL ($requestTokenUrl
) followed by another "&", and finally a URL-encoded and alphabetized list of parameter key/value pairs (the values of which must also be encoded) separated by "&"s. Note that when OAuth wants something URL-encoded, it means RFC-3986. PHP's rawurlencode()
function works because it encodes spaces as "%20″ instead of "+" as urlencode()
You also need a Signing Key. The key is always the Consumer Secret followed by an "&" and either 1) the OAuth Token Secret (which is part of the Token Credentials you don't have yet), or 2) nothing. Then you can generate the final signature using PHP's built-in hash_hmac()
<?php $sigKey = $consumerSecret . "&"; $oauthSig = base64_encode(hash_hmac("sha1", $sigBase, $sigKey, true));
You put all the pieces together to construct a URL to request the Request Credentials:
<?php $requestUrl = $requestTokenUrl . "?" . "oauth_consumer_key=" . rawurlencode($consumerKey) . "&oauth_nonce=" . rawurlencode($nonce) . "&oauth_signature_method=" . rawurlencode($oauthSignatureMethod) . "&oauth_timestamp=" . rawurlencode($oauthTimestamp) . "&oauth_version=" . rawurlencode($oauthVersion) . "&oauth_signature=" . rawurlencode($oauthSig); $response = file_get_contents($requestUrl);
You'll want a lot more error handling for anything beyond this simple demonstration, but for now I assume nothing will ever go wrong and you are able to receive the temporary Request Credentials in $response
The response sent back from Twitter looks like this:
The oauth_token
and oauth_token_secret
values are extracted from the response and are used to construct the next link the user goes to for the second step in the authorization process. It's a good idea to store the Request Credentials in the user's session so they are available when the user returns from Twitter's authorization page. The Authorization URL is provided on the Details page after registering your application with Twitter.
<?php parse_str($response, $values); $_SESSION["requestToken"] = $values["oauth_token"]; $_SESSION["requestTokenSecret"] = $values["oauth_token_secret"]; $redirectUrl = $authorizeUrl . "?oauth_token=" . $_SESSION["requestToken"]; header("Location: " . $redirectUrl);
Now that the application can send users to Twitter for authorization, it is a good time to add a Callback URL so Twitter can send them back to the application! The Callback URL is simply an address that Twitter will direct the user to after he has authorized your application to send tweets on his behalf, and is specified on the Detail page's Settings tab.
When Twitter redirects the user to the Callback URL, it appends two additional parameters: your oauth_token
from the initial request which can be used for verification, and oauth_verifier
which is used in obtaining the Authorization Credentials.
Of the three sets of credentials needed to post tweets, you now have two – the Consumer Credentials and the Request Credentials. Next up: Access Credentials!
Authorization Step 2: Access Credentials
To obtain the Access Credentials you need the oauth_token
, oauth_token_secret
, and the newly obtained oauth_verifier
. This step requires another signed request, this time to the Access Token URL displayed on the Details page.
<?php $oauthVersion = "1.0"; $oauthSignatureMethod = "HMAC-SHA1"; $accessTokenUrl = "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token"; $nonce = md5(mt_rand()); $oauthTimestamp = time(); $oauthVerifier = $_GET["oauth_verifier"];
The $accessTokenUrl
is the next endpoint obtained from the Details page. A new $oauthTimestamp
and $nonce
are generated, and $oauthVerifier
is sent back from the Twitter Authorization page. Not listed, but in the $_SESSION
array, are the request credentials from the previous step that are also required.
This step of the authorization process requires another signed request. Once the signature is built, it is used with the request for Access Credentials.
<?php $sigBase = "GET&" . rawurlencode($accessTokenUrl) . "&" . rawurlencode("oauth_consumer_key=" . rawurlencode($consumerKey) . "&oauth_nonce=" . rawurlencode($nonce) . "&oauth_signature_method=" . rawurlencode($oauthSignatureMethod) . "&oauth_timestamp=" . rawurlencode($oauthTimestamp) . "&oauth_token=" . rawurlencode($_SESSION["requestToken"]) . "&oauth_verifier=" . rawurlencode($oauthVerifier) . "&oauth_version=" . rawurlencode($oauthVersion)); $sigKey = $consumerSecret . "&"; $oauthSig = base64_encode(hash_hmac("sha1", $sigBase, $sigKey, true)); $requestUrl = $accessTokenUrl . "?" . "oauth_consumer_key=" . rawurlencode($consumerKey) . "&oauth_nonce=" . rawurlencode($nonce) . "&oauth_signature_method=" . rawurlencode($oauthSignatureMethod) . "&oauth_timestamp=" . rawurlencode($oauthTimestamp) . "&oauth_token=" . rawurlencode($_SESSION["requestToken"]) . "&oauth_verifier=" . rawurlencode($oauthVerifier) . "&oauth_version=". rawurlencode($oauthVersion) . "&oauth_signature=" . rawurlencode($oauthSig); $response = file_get_contents($requestUrl);
This time $response
has the very useful screen_name
, user_id
and the much awaited Access Credentials!
This concludes the authorization part of this article. So far you've learned how to create a new Twitter application and use the provided consumer credentials to step through the OAuth "dance" to obtain the access credentials. In the second and final part of this series I'll discuss using the access credentials to post a tweet to the user's Twitter stream.
Image via Quin / Shutterstock
Dustin Runnells
Dustin Runnells is a passionate technology enthusiast in Rochester, NY, with a special interest in Linux and social media. While juggling a full-time job as a professional programmer at a real company and being a loving husband and father of three, Dustin fills whatever time he has left tinkering on his personal projects. Dustin is MySQL Core Certified, LPI1 Certified, and a Zend Certified Engineer.


text:
March 2, 2010
Sarah deLanda
ASB is selling T-shirts to aid Haiti after the Jan. 12 earthquake. The fundraiser began Feb. 8 and all profits will go to the "Hope for Haiti" organization. More information can be found at hopeforhaiti.com.
"We're trying to target funds towards kids in Haiti," ASB secretary senior Cindy Chen said.
The idea for selling shirts came from seniors Breana Meagher and Jocelyne Yamaguchi as well as sophomore Caitlyn Yamaguchi. The concept was one of many emerging ideas for how to raise funds. There were plans for a "Quarters for Quake" fundraiser as a challenge to other school leaderships to see who could raise the most money within a week. Because other schools had already committed to their own fundraisers, the collaborative idea fell flat. But even without the motivation of competition, over 100 shirts have already been sold.
With large disasters, every cent counts. ASB is promoting T-shirts with posters, announcements and by word of mouth.
It took nearly a month to begin T-shirt sales because of prior commitments and the delay of planning the fundraiser. When the earthquake struck, ASB was focused on first semester finals and the Sadie Hawkins dance. The success of the Haiti relief plans might have been compromised because students were initially concentrated on other issues. To delay matters further, ASB didn't meet every day of finals week. It took time to brainstorm for the best way to earn money for Haiti. After it was settled to sell T-shirts, there was the matter of finding a shirt design and a vendor to create the shirts.
"The shirts look cool," senior Mehak Dharmani said. "I'm going to feel like a good person."
ASB hopes sales will continue so they would be able to order a second shipment of shirts.
"I think it's going to be a while until we can say it's 'enough,' but the shirts brought attention to us trying to raise funds and a lot of people started donating money," sophomore Jennifer Chang said.
ASB will continue to offer the Haiti relief T-shirts for $15 dollars in the student center until an undecided date.


text:
James Mortimer 18.Nov.2012Getty Images
As it was in 2009, Italy frustrated the World Champions for long periods, but the difference in the match in Rome this morning (NZT) was that the Azzurri seemed to have plenty of confidence in taking on the All Blacks with ball in hand.
What was more impressive was that their usual competitiveness remained, with history pointing to numerous examples where teams trying to move the ball or emulate the All Blacks often results in big wins for the New Zealanders.
But throughout the match the sight of the home team attacking the world's best side had the packed house in Rome making plenty of noise, and when centre Alberto Sgrabi touched down to make it a 13-7 halftime score, one would have expected a fairly direct speech from the All Blacks coaching staff in the sheds.
Parisse cut an unhappy captain post-match, but said his charges were clearly an evolved unit from the team that played the All Blacks three years ago.
"We were up against a great side, but it's upsetting to lose like that," he said.
"However today we have shown that we can make plays and cause problems."
"I don't want to talk about 2009, because today we tried to move the ball. We tried to play a more interesting rugby than we have in the past (as) we looked to involve the backs."
Match highlights - All Blacks v Italy
13177 views


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text:
(Mss. 2907)
Updated by
Jennifer Pino
Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections
Special Collections, Hill Memorial Library
Louisiana State University Libraries
Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University
May 2006
Revised November 2010
Summary |
3 |
Biographical/Historical Note |
4 |
Scope and Content Note |
5 |
Index Terms |
6 |
Container List |
7-9 |
Use of manuscript materials. If you wish to examine items in the manuscript group, please fill out a call slip specifying the materials you wish to see. Consult the Container List for location information needed on the call slip.
Photocopying. Should you wish to request photocopies, please consult a staff member. Do not remove items to be photocopied. The existing order and arrangement of unbound materials must be maintained. Reproductions must be made from surrogates (microfilm, digital scan, photocopy of original held by LSU Libraries), when available.
Publication. Readers assume full responsibility for compliance with laws regarding copyright, literary property rights, and libel.
Permission to examine archival materials does not constitute permission to publish. Any publication of such materials beyond the limits of fair use requires specific prior written permission. Requests for permission to publish should be addressed in writing to the Head, Public Services, Special Collections, LSU Libraries, and Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-3300. When permission to publish is granted, two copies of the publication will be requested for the LLMVC.
Proper acknowledgement of LLMVC materials must be made in any resulting writing or publications. The correct form of citation for this manuscript group is given on the summary page. Copies of scholarly publications based on research in the Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections are welcomed.
Size |
299 items, 12 ms. volumes |
Geographic Locations |
Louisiana |
Inclusive Dates |
1834-1964 |
Languages |
English |
Summary |
Papers include letters, photographs, bills and receipts, workbooks, ephemera, and saving deposit and union books of Dudley Turnbull, a free man of color of Baton Rouge, La., and his descendants. |
Access Restrictions |
Box 3 restricted until 2029. |
Copyright |
Physical rights and copyright are retained by the LSU Libraries. |
Citation |
Dudley Turnbull and Family Papers, Mss. 2907, Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. |
Stack Location(s) |
Dudley Turnbull, a free person of color living in Baton Rouge, La., was born about 1852 and married Rosemarie Aldometer Mather (born in 1851, daughter of George Mather and Jane Giddings, also referred to as Jane Giddens or Giddins). Mather and Giddings were also free people of color.
Dudley and Aldometer had six children including John, Arthur, Estelle ("Stella" born about 1880), Dudley, Jr., Warren, and Maudie, a Catholic nun who went by the name Sister Mary Cornelia. Dudley Jr. was born in 1891 worked as a plasterer and was active in the African American Catholic community. He married Juanita Hebert (born in 1894) and had seven children: Naomi, Grace, Kenneth, Bruce, Dudley Gregory (b. 1925 and also referred to as Dudley), Juanita (b. 1928), and Maudie (b. 1930). Juanita and Maudie attended St. Mary's Academy in New Orleans, and Juanita joined the Sisters of the Holy Family, taking the name Sister Frances Cabrini. Kenneth and Dudley Gregory fought in World War II. Additional members of the Turnbull family are also represented in these papers, including relatives living in Chicago, Ill., and St. Louis, Mo.
Papers include letters, photographs, bills and receipts, workbooks, ephemera, and saving deposit and union books of Dudley Turnbull and family, free people of color of Baton Rouge, La. The earliest papers include tax receipts for Jane Giddings and George Mather, a photocopy of an oath of allegiance and pass for Jane Mather to cross the Federal picket lines in Baton Rouge during the Civil War, and receipts for tuition for Aldometer (1863, 1864). Items related to settling Jane Gidding's estate are also found. Letters pertain to religious and personal matters. Topics discussed include updates on the various family members, including those living in St. Louis, Mo., and Chicago, Ill., personal finances, and acknowledgements of religious sacraments received. Papers include bills for rent, state, parish, and corporate taxes, church tithes, receipts for goods and services, birth certificates, insurance policies with premium booklets; saving deposit books, and union due books of the Operative Plasterers' and Cement Finishers International Association of the United States and Canada. The constitution and bylaws of Dudley Turnbull's plasterers union, lists of soldiers transferred or discharged with the Turnbull boys during World War II, and items from St. Mary's Academy that show Juanita and Maudie's involvement in school musical performances and bands are included among the printed items. Papers also mention Kenneth Turnbull's mental health. Mental health items restricted until 2029.
Photographs in the collection depict members of the Turnbull family, African American faculty of Baton Rouge College and McKinley High School in Baton Rouge, and religious events. Educational activities are documented by report cards of Juanita Turnbull and Dudley Gregory Turnbull; school workbooks belonging to Juanita Turnbull, Maudie Marie Turnbull, and their cousin Ella Mae Wilson; the high school diploma of Juanita Cecilia Turnbull; and numerous school awards and certificates for various Turnbull children. The collection also includes autograph books of Kenneth and Maudie Marie Turnbull and charcoal portraits of Estelle Turnbull Jones in first communion dress and Warren Turnbull, both by H.P. Bedon.
For detailed description of the contents see the Container List.
African American Catholics—Louisiana—Baton Rouge
Free African Americans—Louisiana—Baton Rouge
African Americans—Louisiana—Baton Rouge
African Americans--Illinois--Chicago
African Americans--Missouri--Saint Louis
African American musicians--Louisiana--New Orleans
Baton Rouge (La.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865
Baton Rouge (La.) —History
Education—Louisiana—Baton Rouge
Education—Louisiana—New Orleans
Giddings, Jane, b. 1830.
McKinley High School (Baton Rouge, La.)—Photographs
Saint Mary's Academy (New Orleans, La.)
Nuns--Louisiana--New Orleans.
Operative Plasterers' and Cement Finishers' International Association of the United States and Canada
Plasterers—Labor Unions—Louisiana—Baton Rouge
Plasterers—Louisiana—Baton Rouge
Turnbull Family
Turnbull, Rosemarie Aldometer, b. 1851
Turnbull, Dudley, b.1852
Turnbull, Dudley, b. 1891
Turnbull, Dudley Gregory, b.1925
Women musicians--Louisiana--New Orleans
Photographic prints
Stack Location |
Box |
Folder(s) |
Contents (with dates) |
1 |
1-2 |
Papers, May 1863 - November 1967, n.d. (55 items) |
3-6 |
Bills and Receipts, April 1849 - October 1965, n.d. (145 items) |
7-8 |
Insurance Policies, March 1912 - March 1930, December 1934 - February 1959, n.d (47 items) |
9 |
Printed Items, January 1918 - January 1948, n.d. (18 items) Includes the constitution and by-laws of Baton Rouge Plasterer's Protective Union; program for the Eighth Musical Concert by St. Mary's Academy Band and Orchestra; War and Navy Department, "Going Back to Civilian Life"; muster roll; St. Mary's Academy paper, Regina; Navy pamphlet "The Last Word on Life Insurance for Men Discharged from the Navy". |
Folder 10 |
Newspaper clipping, n.d. (1 item) |
Folder 11 |
Photographs, 1916, n.d. (9 items) Black faculty, McKinley High School; First Communion pictures, Aldometer Mather Turnbull; Alex Hebert in World War I uniform. |
Folder 12 |
Photographs, 1946, n.d. (11 items) Baton Rouge College group; Dudley Turnbull, Kenneth Turnbull, other family members identified. |
Folder 13 |
Empty Envelopes, 1918-1949, n.d. (8 items) |
2 |
Vol. 1 |
Savings Deposit Book, Bank of Baton Rouge, March, 1918-February, 1922. |
Vol. 2 |
Savings Deposit Book, Capitol Building and Land Association, Baton Rouge, December 1927 - July 1937. |
Stack Location |
Box |
Folder(s) |
Contents (with dates) |
Vol. 3 |
Savings Deposit Book, Capitol Building and Land Association, Baton Rouge, February 1942 - February 1948. |
Vol. 4 |
School Workbook: Juanita Turnbull, St. Mary's Academy, New Orleans, My Workbook in Arithmetic, Book 4,1927c. |
Vol. 5 |
School workbook: Maudie Marie Turnbull, A Workbook in Arithmetic, No.2, 1933 c. |
Vol. 6 |
School workbook: Juanita Turnbull, 20th Century Problems and Projects in Geography, Book 1, May-June, 1941. |
Vol. 7 |
School workbook: Ella Mae Wilson 20th Century Problems and Projects in Geography, Book 1, 1932c. |
Vol. 8 |
Autograph Book: Kenneth Turnbull May - June 1941. |
Vol. 9 |
Autograph Book: Maudie Marie Turnbull, January, 1942 - June 1943. |
Vol. 10 |
Autograph Book: Kenneth Turnbull, September 1943 - April 1944. |
Vol. 11 |
Dudley Turnbull, Union Dues Book: Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association of the United States and Canada, January 1948 - December 1952. |
Vol. 12 |
Dudley Turnbull, Union Dues Book: Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association of the United States and Canada, January 1953 - October 1957. |
3 |
1 |
RESTRICTED Kenneth Turnbull mental health items. |
1 |
Manuscript Items, 1834, 1940, 1945. (3 items). Thomas Giddings Will, August 24, 1834, East Baton Rouge Parish (Xerox copy); Juanita Angela Turnbull First Communion and Confirmation Certificate, 1935, May 1940. |
Stack Location |
Box |
Folder(s) |
Contents (with dates) |
1 |
Juanita Cecilia Turnbull High School Graduation Diploma, St. Mary's Academy, New Orleans, June, 1945. |
1 |
Charcoal Drawing: Portrait of Estelle Turnbull Jones in First Communion dress |
2 |
Charcoal Drawing: Portrait of Warren Turnbull. |


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Raspberry-Chicken Salad
Recipe courtesy of Robin Miller
Recipe courtesy Robin Miller
- Quick Fix Meals with Robin Miller
- 1/4 cup raspberry preserves
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 tablespoon white wine vinegar
- 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard
- Salt and ground black pepper
- 2 tablespoons minced scallion
- 1 cup fresh raspberries
- 4 cooked chicken breast halves, cut into 1-inch pieces
- 4 cups chopped Bibb lettuce
- Nut bread
- Cream cheese
In a medium-size bowl, whisk together raspberry preserves, oil, vinegar, Dijon mustard and salt and pepper. Add scallions and raspberries to vinaigrette. Add diced chicken and toss to combine with vinaigrette. Arrange lettuce on individual plates. Spoon chicken mixture over lettuce just before serving. Serve with nut bread and cream cheese, if desired.


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Social Networking for Fashion Doll Lovers
Mattel Breakfast at Tiffany´s head fully repainted and restyled on a Dynamite Girl body. Outfit is the "Daytime Ensemble"by Mattel.
© 2014 Created by Simon Farnworth.
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Kickstarter-funded film reunites Joss Whedon's 'Dollhouse' cast
A film funded through Kickstarter donations is making its online debut today with a cast that should bring a smile to the face of many a Joss Whedon fan.
Written and directed by Australian filmmaker Anton King, "Lust for Love" tells the tale of Astor, a man who enlists the former best friend of his lifelong crush to teach him how to attract women. As he awkwardly goes through the motions of trying to pick up women, the film promises to confront the "conceptions about love" on the part of Astor, the woman who earned his … Read more


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Develops and disseminates Multi-Tumor Tissue Microarray slides and the related technology to cancer research investigators. It is a collaborative effort between the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute.
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Democracy Now! interviews the most important authors of the day. Check out our vast archive.
The CIA is under fire following the news it's allowing active-duty operatives to work for private companies on the side. The previously undisclosed "moonlighting" has granted wealthy private entities such as financial firms and hedge funds access to top-level intelligence officials. It's said to be viewed internally as a means to prevent agency defections to the private sector. A CIA spokesperson said "moonlighting"...Feb 09, 2010 | Story
Despite fears of the euro's future amidst Greece's economic collapse, author Steven Hill of the New America Foundation argues the United States still has much to learn from Europe's social and economic policies. We speak to Hill about his new book, Europe's Promise: Why the European Way Is the Best Hope for an Insecure Age. [includes rush transcript]Feb 12, 2010 | Story
The Vancouver-based Dr. Gabor Maté argues that too many doctors seem to have forgotten what was once a commonplace assumption — that emotions are deeply implicated in both the development of illness and in the restoration of health. Based on medical studies and his own experience with chronically ill patients at the Palliative Care Unit at Vancouver Hospital, where he was the medical coordinator for seven years, Dr. Gabor Maté makes the...Feb 15, 2010 | Story
As President Obama defends the success of his one-year-old $787 billion stimulus package, we speak to Nobel Prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz, who says the stimulus was both not big enough and too focused on tax cuts. Stiglitz is the author of the new book Freefall: America, Free Markets, and the Sinking of the World Economy, which analyzes the causes of the Great Recession of 2008 and calls for overcoming what he calls an "ersatz capitalism"...Feb 18, 2010 | Story
Haitian President René Préval said Sunday that the death toll from the earthquake could reach 300,000 once all the bodies are recovered from the rubble. We speak to Peter Hallward, professor of Modern European Philosophy at Middlesex University. "Unless prevented by renewed popular mobilisation in both Haiti and beyond, the perverse international emphasis on security will continue to distort the reconstruction effort, and with it the configuration...Feb 22, 2010 | Story
In Afghanistan, the number of civilian casualties continues to rise. On Tuesday, at least eight people died after a bomb exploded in the southern provincial capital of Lashkar Gah amid a major US-led offensive in the area. Local authorities said all those killed in the attack were civilians. Meanwhile, Afghanistan's government has condemned a NATO air strike on a convoy on Sunday that killed twenty-seven civilians, including four women and...Feb 23, 2010 | Story
New federal credit card rules that took effect Monday promise to outlaw the most egregious practices of the credit card industry that have plunged customers into insurmountable debt. The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure, or CARD, Act includes new protections for customers under twenty-one and makes it illegal for credit card companies to retroactively increase rates and charge certain types of misleading fees. But many...Feb 23, 2010 | Story
For his new book, The Watchers: The Rise of America's Surveillance State, National Journal correspondent Shane Harris spoke to the key architects of the US government's surveillance programs over the past quarter-century and tells the story of how spying on US citizens has become both easier and legal and is now the cornerstone of the Obama administration's national security strategy. But Harris argues that while this strategy...Feb 25, 2010 | Story
Eve Ensler has made it her lifelong mission to end violence against women and girls. The founder of V-Day and the bestselling author and playwright behind The Vagina Monologues, her latest book is a collection of fictional monologues and stories inspired by girls. It's called I Am an Emotional Creature: The Secret Life of Girls Around the World. [includes rush transcript]Feb 26, 2010 | Story
On the heels of President Obama's major initiative to develop so-called clean coal technology, the journalist and cultural historian Jeff Biggers explores the myth of clean coal in a new book on the secret history of coal mining in Obama's home state of Illinois. Jeff Biggers' family has lived in southern Illinois for 200 years. In 1999, their 150-year-old log cabin and 200-year-old settlement at Eagle Creek was destroyed by...Feb 26, 2010 | Story
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Eco Hold Non Slip Rug Pad
Product Info
- Made with 100% Premium Plant Based Oil & Earth Friendly
- Improved version of Premium Non Slip Rug Pad. More earth friendly and same high quality material
- Gives a More Cushioned Feel in Every Step and Keeps your Rug in Place
- Extends Rug Life and Protect Hardwood Floors from Scratches from Rug Backing
- Prevents Rug from Wrinkling, Buckling, Shifting and Slipping
- Heavier and Thicker than Most Rug Pads
- Excellent Ventilation, Makes Vacuuming Easier
- Washable in Warm Water and Soap
- Easy to Cut with Scissors to Fit Any Size Rug
- Reversible, Resist Curling, Can be Used in Any Indoor Spaces
- 10 Year Guarantee!
More Info
Rug pads are perfect to use on hardwood floor, ceramix, stone, marble, vinyl, and other types of hard surface floor. Our premium rug pads range from different colors and sizes. Rug pads help extend your rug life by acting as an intermediate layer protecting your floor and your rugs by absorbing wear and tear by the friction caused by the rug directly rubbing against your floors.
Please Note: The color may vary from the actual color of the rug due to different monitor settings.
Yes, recommended to a friend.
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"Product works well. The cats had been throwing the "throw" rugs around in there periodic scrambles for kitty dominance. The one improvement would be for the cut edges to be square with the sides. I had to recut both ends as these were at an angle to 90 degrees."
Yes, recommended to a friend.
Very Pleased April 01, 2013"Have had the rug pad for about 2 months and it keeps my medium-weight rug in place, no problem. I would not hesitate to recommend. Great price, great service."
Yes, recommended to a friend.
mrs November 10, 2012"excellent product .. rug pads perfect size with little or no trimming.. . fast shipping..no odor. very pleased with purchase."
Yes, recommended to a friend.
Great rug pad October 09, 2012"Odorless rug pad and easy to cut to the size I needed. Got it very quick too."


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Set the mood with color and find inspirational ideas and painting tips from True Value. A better way to choose paint with countless possiblites. Everything you need to make choosing color simple. TrueValuePaint.com
You can now collect, categorize and organize all your home improvement project information from StartRightStartHere.com and TrueValuePaint.com in one place. All of your project box information will be easily accessible when a free weekend comes along.
Simply log in from either site, click the "My Project Box" button, and create a new Project Box or select one that you have previously created. Then save your project or other helpful items to your Project Box. Once you are all set, go to your Project Box page to view all of your items and share them with your friends.
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Does your deck look like an inviting oasis? Or something that's been left out in the rain? If the elements have taken their toll on yours – or if it just needs a bit of a lift – you've come to the right place.
Barbecuing, relaxing and socializing with family and friends are all perfect excuses to hit the deck on sunny days and pleasant evenings. But you need more than a grill, table and chairs to make yours homey and inviting. Take a good look. Is the surface worn and faded? Could it use a little more pizzazz? If so, don't replace it – restore it.
We've got lots of tips to help you transform your deck from an eyesore to an eyeful. Everything from hanging flower boxes to re-staining the surface. Just follow these simple steps and visit your local True Value store for everything you need.
Step 1: Go Green Your backyard is surrounded by the great outdoors, so bring some of its brilliance even closer. Cheer up your deck with fresh greenery and flowers. It's an easy and economical way to make it go from plain to pow! Here are a few suggestions:
Step 2: Light Up the NightDecks take on a whole new ambiance when the sun goes down. Use artificial light, like floodlights, or natural light, like tiki torches, to create the perfect mood.
Step 4: Swab the DeckRain, mud, wear and tear - it all adds up to a dirty deck. Regular cleanings will help keep your deck beautiful and save you money in the long run.
Roll Up Your SleevesFirst use a broom to remove leaves, dirt and debris. Now it's time to start cleaning using either detergent, bleach or cleanser designed for decking materials. Apply the cleanser with a stiff brush attached to a long handle for easy maneuverability into tight spaces and corners. Depending on the condition of your deck and the cleanser you use, you may have to allow the solution to set for a while before rinsing.
Take It All OffIf your deck wasn't that dirty to begin with, simply use a garden hose and nozzle to rinse everything off. For grimier surfaces, you may need to pull out the heavy artillery - a pressure washer.
Step 5: Deck Looking Dull and Worn? Don't Complain - Re-StainNow that your deck is nice and clean, does it look shiny and new? When wooden decks lose their luster and become faded and dull, it's time to re-stain.
Clean Up Your ActFirst things first: is your deck still clean? Stain doesn't adhere well to dirt, so if grime has returned, it's time for a re-wash. You don't have to power wash again - detergent and a hose will do the trick.
Rain, Rain, Go AwayRain and wet stain are not a good combo, so check the weather report and pick a day that's sandwiched between at least 48 hours of dry weather.
Take CoverStain looks great on your deck but not on your plants and adjacent objects, so cover them up before you start staining. Use drop cloths to cover landscaping and deck railings, and combinations of plastic sheeting and painter's tape to protect light fixtures and door hardware. If the deck is right next to your house, tape off the bottom two or three feet of siding to protect that, too.
Stain 101What kind of deck stain should you buy? To enhance the color of the wood, use ''tinted'' stain. If you'd prefer to darken the wood or even mask the grain, use one labeled ''semi-transparent.'' By the way, these are the most durable formulas (they'll last about two or three years). Most stains are already combined with a sealer, allowing you to stain and seal in one step. If yours doesn't contain a sealer, you'll have to seal the deck after the stain dries - and do it again each year.
Start StainingTo make sure your deck is dry enough, trickle small droplets of water on its surface in several places - if the water stays put, you're not quite ready, but if it soaks right in, your deck's properly parched.
To begin staining, use a two inch brush to dab stain into the corners, rail spindles, rail caps and step rails. Once you're done with the corners, stain the rest of the deck with a roller or four inch brush, starting at one end and concentrating on two or three boards at a time, depending on their width.
Apply the stain with a back-and-forth motion, making sure it applies evenly and soaks into the wood. Move along the entire length of the deck, and when you get to the end, return to where you started and do the next set of boards the same way. When you're finished with the boards, use a brush to stain the step treads, using the same back-and-forth technique.
Step 6: You're Done!When you're all finished, remove your drop cloths and tape, clean your tools and enjoy your beautiful new-looking deck. Keep it looking good by regularly sweeping it with a soft broom or washing it with a sponge mop to prevent ground-in dirt from wearing away the surface.
For more project ideas, visit the Project Library >
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Everything you need for this project is available at your local True Value hardware store. Enter your zip code below for a list of your 3 closest stores. Also, to receive future offers and project tips, enter your email address and check the box to confirm your interest. Once you have completed the project, don't forget to come back and provide your personal project rating and review.
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LaKama is a spice mixture found only in Northern Morocco, and it is used to flavor soups and tagines. Moroccan food — part Arab and part Berber — is not like Middle Eastern. Its cooking and spice mixtures are unique and change from region to region. I don't know of any other Arab country that has such a rich and varied cuisine.–Paula Wolfert
Tagine of Lamb with Prunes, Almonds and LaKama Spices Recipe
- For the LaKama Spices
- 1 tablespoon ground ginger
- 1 tablespoon finely ground black pepper
- 1 tablespoon ground turmeric
- 2 teaspoons ground Ceylon or Mexican cinnamon
- 1 teaspoon freshly grated nutmeg
- For the tagine
- 1 pound (18 to 20) unpitted large prunes, preferably Oregon's moyer prunes
- 3 pounds lamb shoulder, cut into 2-inch chunks
- 2 tablespoons olive oil or butter
- 3 large garlic cloves, crushed with 1 teaspoon salt
- 1 tablespoon LaKama Spices
- Pinches of saffron
- 1 teaspoon Ceylon or Mexican cinnamon
- 1 tablespoon orange flower water
- 2 to 3 tablespoons sugar
- 1 cup blanched almonds, toasted in a slow oven (300°F) until golden brown
- 1 tablespoon sesame seeds
- For the spice mix
- 1. Combine spices in a small bowl. Set aside.
- Make the tagine
- 2. Soak the prunes in warm water. Set aside.
- 3. Trim the lamb of excess fat. In a wide tagine or cazuela set over a flame tamer, or in a skillet slow-cooker, heat the butter with the garlic, LaKama spices, and saffron. Add the meat and stir until the aromas of the spices are released and the meat is nicely coated.
- 4. Add 2 cups water (it doesn't have to cover the meat), bring to the boil, then lower the heat, cover, and simmer gently for 2 hours (3 to 5 hours in the skillet slow-cooker).
- 5. After 1 hour, transfer 1/2 cup of the meat juices to a medium skillet, add the drained prunes, cinnamon, orange flower water, and sugar, and cook slowly until the prunes are lightly caramelized, about 25 minutes. Remove the skillet from the heat.
- 6. When the meat is tender, about 2 hours, remove from the heat. Push the prunes to one side in the skillet; return to medium heat. Working in batches, brown chunks of drained lamb in the syrupy prune juices until glazed on all sides.
- 7. Skim all the fat off the meat juices in the clay pot. Return the lamb, add the prunes and reheat. Decorate with almonds and sesame seeds and serve.
- If desired, prepare the dish one day in advance. Allow to cool completely. Store meat, prunes, and sauce in separate containers. The following day, remove the fat that surfaces. Combine meat, prunes, and sauce in a cazuela, tagine or shallow ovenproof serving dish, cover, and set in a cold oven. Turn the heat to 325°F (160°C) and reheat until hot. Serve from the clay dish garnished with the almonds and sesame seeds.
Tagine of Lamb with Prunes, Almonds and LaKama Spices Recipe © 2003 Paula Wolfert. All rights reserved.


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Imagine you're enjoying the king of drinks while cruising on a river through the most beautiful city in the world. It doesn't get much better than this. Romantic, fun, entertaining, relaxing... a fabulous and unique experience in Paris! » Learn more!OverviewChampagne Tasting CruiseYou won't find a better price in Paris, so don't wait! Secure your booking today to avoid sell-outs. All prices include taxes, tips, and services, there are no hidden costs!
Detailed DescriptionDetailed DescriptionYour cruise will start from the dock by the Eiffel Tower promptly on the hour. Inside a private room at the front of the boat you will cruise down the Seine River while sipping Champagne. You'll soon be cruising down the Seine River with the Champagne bubbles flowing while chatting, laughing and enjoying your sommelier's champagne presentation. Your cruise will take you past some of Paris' most famous monuments. Your sommelier will provide insight on the history and meaning of these monuments throughout the cruise. This champagne cruise will certainly be the highlight of your trip to Paris! During the cruise you'll taste three Champagnes Brut, Demi-sec and Rosé Champagnes. The cruise will last an hour and you'll return to the same place you boarded from. You'll be cruising with one of the most important players operating cruises on the Seine River: Vedettes de Paris. Tour highlights:
Serviced with talent by Ô Chateau, you will discover a different vision of wine, based on pleasure and fun. Wine is to be shared with the persons you care for: your significant other, your family or your friends. To make wine in general and French wine in particular more understandable for everyone, you will have the opportunity to taste and learn about some outstanding French wines. You will bring back home what you will have learned during the tasting with a very down-to-earth approach: you will benefit from useful tips on how to serve, choose it, store and appreciate wine. Maximum attendance is 15 to 20 people to keep the atmosphere intimate and friendly. We can also organise a private Champagne Cruise for your group of up to 20 people. Contact us for details. Following statement is required By French law: "The abuse of alcohol is dangerous to the health, please drink responsibly". Customer Ratings and ReviewsCustomer Ratings and Reviews
Paris Champagne Tasting Cruise
"Had a good time on the champagne tasting cruise...one thing to pay attention is that you do not go to the general seating area, we initially went and sat at the upper deck than after 15 minutes I went to the bar to get a glass of champange, when they looked at my ticket they instructed me the another section where the champange tasting was being conducted...I definetly recommend this tour" Randolf F, United States, September 2012
Paris Champagne Tasting Cruise
"A fantastic way to spend the early part of an evening! Very relaxed atmosphere. Nice to have a 'private section' to sit and enjoy the views whilst learning a little about some delicious champagne." Linda B, United Kingdom, October 2010
Paris Champagne Tasting Cruise
"Cruise was fantastic. We had a private room at the front of the boat. With sliding doors to the deck. Lots of champagne!!!" Charles M, United States, September 2010 Order OptionsYour ticket (voucher) will be delivered online, paper tickets are not required. Your voucher is the proof of booking and or settlement and you must print it and present it at the location listed on your voucher. You will have access to our voucher desk through a secured link provided in your order confirmation email. Terms and Conditions and Cancellation PolicyTerms and Conditions and Cancellation PolicyBooking changes and cancellations are VALID only when made through us by email at email@example.com or by fax at +376 826 770. You can change your reservation date at no charge if you notify us at least four (4) days before your arrival. If you cancel your reservation and you notify us at least five (5) days before your arrival, there is a 20% cancellation fee. After this time no refunds can be made. Cancellation fees will not be waived for any reason, however, they may be covered by travel insurance. We *highly* recommend that you have insurance with *adequate* coverage, including Force Majeure. Additional InformationChampagne Tasting Cruise Route Location of Boat Dock More Photos |


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February 2011 Horoscopes
Feb 01, 2011Happy Chinese New Year! Wanna know what's in store for you in February 2011? Look up your sign in our horoscopes below and find out what the future holds!
The Most Hated Team : Duke Bluedevils
Feb 25, 2011The Duke Bluedevils are the most hated team in the NCAA College Basketball League. Well how come?! They're ranked #1 like almost every year. Well, before you go out and buy yourself some blue body paint, don't get too hasty… you might not like Duke
Snuggle Up With Your Favorite Disney Blu-rays & DVDs!
Feb 01, 2011Need a heart-warming film to enjoy with your loved ones this Valentine's Day? Or something lighthearted to make you smile? Here are some suggestions for Valentine's Day gift-giving.
90210 Season 3 Episode 13 Recap
Feb 01, 2011This week on 90210, the girls of Beverly Hills embarked on a weekend getaway to a yoga retreat that had a surprising effect on some of the girls! Check out our recap of season 3, episode 13 - "It's Getting Hot In Here"!
Gossip Girl Season 4 Episode 13 Recap
Feb 01, 2011On this episode of Gossip Girl, Blair's internship turns into a bust when Dan Humphrey becomes her rival. Check it out Gossip Girl Season 4 Episode 13 Recap
Sony Unveils the Next Generation Portable
Feb 01, 2011Codenamed the NGP, but you know it will probably be called the PSP2. Sony unvealed their next entry to the handheld market. Currently called the NGP
GLEE Season 2 Volume 1 DVD
Feb 01, 2011OMG OMG OMG! We love GLEE! Obviously, we couldn't be happier that the new GLEE Season 2 Volume 1 DVD is out on DVD! Trust us – you'll love this compilation DVD from one of the best, funniest, music-y-est (OK, that last one's a stretch) show on TV!
Power Rangers Tune In 2011
Feb 01, 2011The universally recognized Power Rangers brand delivers humorous action-adventure entertainment that kids love and positive messaging that parents value.
Get the Look: Gossip Girl's Nate Archibald
Feb 01, 2011Nate Archibald, preppster and heir to the Archibald fortune, always looks his best. Grab his classic look with a few key clothing pieces.
WB Personalized Valentine's Day Gifts
Feb 02, 2011WBshop.com is offering Scooby, Tweety, Wizard of Oz, etc. fans the opportunity to create a very special and personalized gift this Valentine's Day!