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- A Tf-Independent Iron Transport System Required for Organogenesis
A Tf-Independent Iron Transport System Required for Organogenesis
Developmental Cell, Volume 16, Issue 1, 20 January 2009, Pages 3-4
Marie-Berengere Troadec, Diane M. Ward and Jerry Kaplan
SummaryCells require iron as a cofactor for proteins that are essential for growth. While delivery of iron to cells by transferrin is well known, Li et al. in this issue of Developmental Cell show that ferritin, through its binding to the cell surface Scara5 receptor, can also deliver iron to cells, permitting kidney organogenesis.
Summary | Full Text | PDF (156 kb) - Two to Tango: Regulation of Mammalian Iron Metabolism
Two to Tango: Regulation of Mammalian Iron Metabolism
Cell, Volume 142, Issue 1, 9 July 2010, Pages 24-38
Matthias W. Hentze, Martina U. Muckenthaler, Bruno Galy and Clara Camaschella
SummaryDisruptions in iron homeostasis from both iron deficiency and overload account for some of the most common human diseases. Iron metabolism is balanced by two regulatory systems, one that functions systemically and relies on the hormone hepcidin and the iron exporter ferroportin, and another that predominantly controls cellular iron metabolism through iron-regulatory proteins that bind iron-responsive elements in regulated messenger RNAs. We describe how the two distinct systems function and how they "tango" together in a coordinated manner. We also highlight some of the current questions in mammalian iron metabolism and discuss therapeutic opportunities arising from a better understanding of the underlying biological principles.
Summary | Full Text | PDF (2370 kb) - Iron Regulatory Proteins Control a Mucosal Block to Intestinal Iron Absorption
Iron Regulatory Proteins Control a Mucosal Block to Intestinal Iron Absorption
Cell Reports, Volume 3, Issue 3, 28 March 2013, Pages 844-857
Bruno Galy, Dunja Ferring-Appel, Christiane Becker, Norbert Gretz, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Klaus Schümann and Matthias W. Hentze
SummaryMammalian iron metabolism is regulated systemically by the hormone hepcidin and cellularly by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) that orchestrate a posttranscriptional regulatory network. Through ligand-inducible genetic ablation of both IRPs in the gut epithelium of adult mice, we demonstrate that IRP deficiency impairs iron absorption and promotes mucosal iron retention via a ferritin-mediated "mucosal block." We show that IRP deficiency does not interfere with intestinal sensing of body iron loading and erythropoietic iron need, but rather alters the basal expression of the iron-absorption machinery. IRPs thus secure sufficient iron transport across absorptive enterocytes by restricting the ferritin "mucosal block" and define a basal set point for iron absorption upon which IRP-independent systemic regulatory inputs are overlaid.
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Developmental Cell, Volume 16, Issue 1, 35-46, 20 January 2009
Add/View Comments (0)Scara5 Is a Ferritin Receptor Mediating Non-Transferrin Iron Delivery
Jau Yi Li1, 6, Neal Paragas1, 6, Renee M. Ned2, 3, Andong Qiu1, Melanie Viltard1, Thomas Leete1, Ian R. Drexler1, Xia Chen1, Simone Sanna-Cherchi1, Farah Mohammed1, David Williams1, Chyuan Sheng Lin1, Kai M. Schmidt-Ott1, 4, Nancy C. Andrews5 and Jonathan Barasch1, ,
1 Renal Division, College of Physicans & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
2 McKing Consulting Corporation, 2900 Chamblee Tucker Road, Building 10, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
3 National Office of Public Health Genomics, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
4 Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Charité Berlin, Campus Buch, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
5 Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
6 These authors contributed equally to this work.
- Developing organs require iron for a myriad of functions, but embryos deleted of the major adult transport proteins, transferrin or its receptor transferrin receptor1 (TfR1−/−), still initiate organogenesis, suggesting that non-transferrin pathways are important. To examine these pathways, we developed chimeras composed of fluorescence-tagged TfR1−/− cells and untagged wild-type cells. In the kidney, TfR1−/− cells populated capsule and stroma, mesenchyme and nephron, but were underrepresented in ureteric bud tips. Consistently, TfR1 provided transferrin to the ureteric bud, but not to the capsule or the stroma. Instead of transferrin, we found that the capsule internalized ferritin. Since the capsule expressed a novel receptor called Scara5, we tested its role in ferritin uptake and found that Scara5 bound serum ferritin and then stimulated its endocytosis from the cell surface with consequent iron delivery. These data implicate cell type-specific mechanisms of iron traffic in organogenesis, which alternatively utilize transferrin or non-transferrin iron delivery pathways.


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July 16 - A major traffic intersection has re-opened after clashes closed it Monday night. Tom Dinham reports. ( Transcript )
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Longines Lindbergh's Atlantic Voyage Watch
Filed under: Timepieces / Watches
What I do want to see is "Lindbergh's Baby Watch." There, the caseback of the watch will open to reveal the missing kid, not just the movement. Of course that will never happen, but I can dream. Longines seems to be quite lacking in innovation in the men' watch department. There have probably been better Lindbergh themed Longines watches in the past, but here is the skinny on this latest one.
It isn't very skinny at all at 47.5mm wide in either steel or 18k rose gold. Like a pocket watch, the case has a hinge at the back which opens to a sapphire crystal view of the ETA A07.231 automatic 30 minute chronograph movement. Pushing in the crown opens up the back of the watch. The dial is really more of the same from what we have seen with these style of watches. Bi-compax chronograph layout, blued steel hands, and a "vintage colored" dial with "railroad style hands" and tachymeter scale around the periphery of the dial. I usually don't say this about many watches, but this watch is just a bit too big. Almost 48mm in this classic style will just look a bit silly on wrists. Yes, 47.5mm wide is the size of the original Longines Lindbergh watch, for Charles Lindbergh... fine, for the collectors sake leave it that size. Strap is brown alligator leather. It bores me to death, but hey, Longines has got to do what they need to do, to keep on ticking.
Ariel Adams publishes the luxury watch review site aBlogtoRead.com.


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Smith Optics Approach sunglass is the do-it-all frame for those that like to run in jeans or hit the coffee shop in lycra. Three sets of interchangeable lenses and an adjustable nose piece adapt to any condition you find yourself in.
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Play Slideshow >>
A slow climb from rock bottom
For which of the following is your department responsible? Check all that apply.
This year, only 93 of our 600 survey respondents plan to award projects funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Of those, 58 are road improvements or repairs, 42 are related to stormwater, and 39 concern wastewater. (Respondents were allowed to select more than one type of project.)
How many years have you postponed maintenance activities to meet budgetary goals?
City Fiscal Conditions reported that most communities were responding to falling tax receipts by delaying infrastructure projects as well as cutting personnel and services. To further gauge how public works budgets are faring, we e-mailed readers our annual outlook survey in November. Nearly 600 responded.
Half expect their operations & maintenance (O&M) spending to remain the same this year as compared to 2011, nearly one-third expect to spend more, and one-fifth expect to spend less. What's more, two-thirds don't expect to postpone maintenance activities to meet budgetary goals. This is an improvement over the last few years of survey responses, although certainly not as optimistic as responses from prerecession years (see "Oh, how times have changed" sidebar on page 46).
Spending expectations for capital improvements are also the best we've seen in four years. One-third of respondents expect their budget to stay the same, close to one-third expect it to increase, and one-third expect it to decrease. Little more than half don't think they'll have to postpone or suspend either major improvements or new construction for another year.
"There are things that have been waiting to be fixed and now we can afford it!" concurs a wastewater treatment plant manager.
Even so, many respondents commented that the numbers don't tell the full story.
A public works director who has more to spend on maintenance and major improvements this year says it's only because of a 1% sales tax increase and that, even with it, most line items remain flat. "The increase in operating budget is due to the additional revenue going to projects that have been deferred for several years."
Capital Improvements
Readers explain how they will get the job done against all odds.
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Although they have become prone to apocalyptic forebodings about the fragility of the nation's institutions and traditions under the current president, conservatives should stride confidently into 2012. This is not because they are certain, or even likely, to defeat President Obama this year. Rather, it is because, if they emancipate themselves from their unconservative fixation on the presidency, they will see events unfolding in their favor. And when Congress is controlled by one party, as it might be a year from now, it can stymie an overreaching executive.
In 2011, for the first time in 62 years, America was a net exporter of petroleum products. For the indefinite future, a specter is haunting progressivism, the specter of abundance. Because progressivism exists to justify a few people bossing around most people and because progressives believe that only government's energy should flow unimpeded, they crave energy scarcities as an excuse for rationing — by them — that produces ever-more-minute government supervision of Americans' behavior.


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Police chief to discuss gun control ideas
UPDATED 9:10 AM EST Mar 07, 2013Cincinnati's police chief has some ideas about how gun laws should be shaped.
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Town Square
Teaching the business leaders of tomorrow
Original post made on Jan 23, 2013
Read the full story here Web Link posted Friday, January 11, 2013, 12:00 AM
Comments (1)
on Jan 23, 2013 at 7:31 pm
Amador DECA does indeed do a great job with their program but I would love to see the Pleasanton Weekly report on ALL of Pleasanton a little more equitably. Foothill DECA has an exceptional program, as well and it would be nice to hear more about them once in a while.
In fact, the students that made the presentation to the Rotary and are pictured in this article are Foothill students. :(
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RainSaucers School Art Contest
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With the season's first full moon taking place Wednesday night, at least one party is already planned.
Buttermilk has a hut and a bonfire pit on its western peak where hikers can get warm before heading down the mountain. Officials are concerned because the area has been trashed and damaged in the past.
According to the Aspen Daily News ( http://tinyurl.com/cmdpemh), popularity has increased in the past couple of years on nights with a full moon.
Information from: Aspen Daily News, http://www.aspendailynews.com


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With the year drawing to a close, we take a look back at the top content on WMUR.com in 2012. Today, we look at the 25 most-viewed videos of the past year.
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National Drinking Water Database
MO American Platte County Utilities - Kansas City, MO
Serves 11,210 people
Carboxin is a systemic fungicide used for seed treatment on barley, oats, rice, cotton, vegetables, corn and wheat and for turf grass.Testing Summary
Contaminant | Average/ Maximum Result | Health Limit Exceeded | Legal Limit Exceeded | Testing History-Tested      -Detected      -Over Health Guidelines      -Over Legal Limit* |
CarboxinCarboxin is a systemic fungicide used for seed treatment on barley, oats, rice, cotton, vegetables, corn and wheat and for turf grass. | 0 ppb 0 ppb | No 60 ppb | Legal at any levelThis is the Federal Limit. State Limits may be lower. | |
NOTE: Each dot in the above graph represents one month. * Water utilities are noted as exceeding the legal limit if any test is above the maximum contaminant level (MCL). Most MCLs are based on annual averages so exceeding the MCL for one test does not necessarily indicate that the system is out of compliance. |
Health Based and Legal Limits for Carboxin
Health Based Limits for Carboxin
Standard | Description | Level |
Health-Based Screening Level | A benchmark concentration of contaminants in water that may be of potential concern for human health, if exceeded. For noncarcinogens, the HBSL represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. For carcinogens, the HBSL range represents the contaminant concentration in drinking water that corresponds to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 chance in 1 million to 1 chance in 10 thousand. Source: U.S. Geological Survey. | 60 ppb |
Testing Results
Testing Date | Average Result | Samples taken that day | Number of Non-Detects | Range of Results |
2005-06-20 | 0 ppb | 1 | 1 | 0 ppb |


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Despite reports indicating that J'Covan Brown had decided to enter the NBA draft, the Texas guard will announce whether he will enter the 2012 NBA Draft in a press conference next Tuesday.
↵In an even better sign for Texas fans, the Austin American-Statesman reported that the star junior may actually be leaning towards returning to school for his senior season:
↵↵↵J'Covan Brown's "leaning" toward returning to #Longhorns for senior season, per his father Johnny. I'm starting to think he willreturn #UT
↵— Mark Rosner (@MarkRosnerAAS) March 26, 2012
↵While Brown's lack of athleticism at 6'1 200 will be a huge hurdle if he wants to play at the next level whenever he declares, he could still do a lot to improve his draft stock in his final year in Austin.
↵Right now, he is a fringe second round pick, but if he improves his offensive efficiency (42% from the field last) and his assist to turnover ratio (3.8 assists on 2.2 turnovers), it could dramatically help his chances in the 2013 NBA Draft.


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Hoeven: Act should make school lunch rules easier to digest
WASHINGTON – A bipartisan group of senators is backing a bill that makes permanent a more relaxed set of U.S. Department of Agriculture nutrition guidelines for students' breakfasts and lunches in the nation's schools.By: Helmut Schmidt, INFORUM
WASHINGTON – A bipartisan group of senators is backing a bill that makes permanent a more relaxed set of U.S. Department of Agriculture nutrition guidelines for students' breakfasts and lunches in the nation's schools.
The Sensible School Lunch Act was recently introduced by Sens. John Hoeven, R-N.D., and Mark Pryor, D-Ark.
The act modifies the latest rulings on meat and grain servings made in December by the Department of Agriculture.
It will "make sure that schools are able to provide healthy, nutritious school lunches" and breakfasts, Hoeven said Tuesday. "But at the same time, that we have the common sense and flexibility built into it so that it meets the kids' needs and is workable for the schools."
Hoeven said his bill, S427, lifts the USDA's previous cap on servings of proteins and grains while leaving in place total calorie caps and the USDA's emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nonfat dairy selections.
He said an older version of the nutrition rules, widely derided, cost the nation's schools $75 million to implement, while older children complained they were hungry.
Hoeven said the USDA's plan to extend its relaxed guidelines through next year seemed like a piecemeal approach.
"Let's make this change permanent so schools know what to count on," he said.
"It's really been a good project. It affects kids all over the country," Hoeven said. "When the kids get better lunches, they're happier."
Debra Laber, director of nutrition services for the Fargo School District, is in Washington, D.C., for a School Nutrition Association conference. She and fellow nutritionists are "in full support" of the bill.
"We think it's just great. We're very proud of him," Laber said. "North Dakota is a big hit right now because of what he's doing."
She added, "We have not had any complaints since those restrictions were lifted."
Jan Sliper, director of food service for the West Fargo School District, also likes the legislation. "I could buy into that," she said. "It was really frustrating trying to fit a decent meal into those (old) limits."
Moorhead Food Service Director Donna Tvedt also said keeping the new rules in place would help.
"It will definitely give us a little more leeway, especially for the high school age," she said.
She said high school and middle school students missed the sub sandwich lines, which kept them full through supper time.
"With their sports and activities, they're the ones that wanted a little more of the filling items," Tvedt said.
Last year, USDA released its final rule for the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010.
The rule attempted to curb obesity among youths by strictly limiting calories, protein and grains.
What it did was produce a wave of protest across the nation.
In December, at the request of Hoeven and others, the USDA retracted its strict limits on proteins and grains, while keeping in place the upper cap on total calories.
The Hoeven-Pryor bill makes that permanent.
Readers can reach Forum reporter Helmut Schmidt at (701) 241-5583
Tags: north dakota, news, food, government


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Sunday, April 15, 2007
Financial Armageddon
I don't believe I have ever read such a dark prognosis before. Michael believes it could even get to the point where there is not enough money for normal maintenance of infrastructure causing regular black outs.
As a matter of philosophy I tend to not expect the most extreme outcome (in either direction). If you know who Michael Panzner is you know he is very smart and very experienced but that does not have to mean he is right.
For everything to come unglued in the manner and with the all-encompassing depth he thinks will happen would require an incredibly perfect storm. The thesis seems to be that everything, and I do mean everything, that is unhealthy will play out to its worst possible outcome. Hyper inflation, asset price death spiral, higher unemployment than in the great depression and so on are all in the cards and we may take down a few other places with us.
He goes on to discuss the unraveling of the social fabric of the United States, higher crime rates, people having to take in destitute family members (which will lead to increased domestic violence and more stress related health problems) and maybe even Martial Law.
As I read it seemed like some of his beliefs were more opinion without a clear and obvious cause and effect. This last statement is obviously subjective on my part.
There were several things in the book that flat out do not add up to me and I'll mention a couple of them in this post.
Michael brings up the notion that some banks are too big to fail and so would not be allowed to fail. Given the US's role in the world economic order and the number of countries that have vested interest in the US staying solvent that the US might seem to be too big to fail. While this may or may not be true I think the point needs to entertained in order for the discussion to be complete.
Michael envisions banking problems similar to the bank runs that occurred during the great depression. I have trouble envisioning people going down to the bank fro any reason when money can be moved electronically from home. Michael does touch on this some but a bank run seems to ignore the general modernization of society that has happened.
Throughout the book Michael makes historical references to support his argument but most of them (maybe all?) seemed to not have had anywhere near the impact that Michael sees coming. Put differently there is an assumption that some things will repeat but with a much larger impact. I'm not sure why that has to be and I'm not sure that the case for why was made either.
About a year ago Michael and I took different side on whether derivatives would be the financial undoing of the US economy in the Wall Street Journal (I looked for the link but it was no longer there). You can probably guess who took what side. Shortly there after Amaranth blew up with relatively little lasting impact. There are a lot of scary things that have happened before and will happen in the future but they are not necessarily systemic in nature.
I think he is correct that there are a zillion problems that threaten to make things more difficult here on the home front. I have written about this many time noting that I expect generally lower equity returns, slightly higher interest rates and some nasty changes in the various entitlement programs. However I do not place any realistic probability that the world will metaphorically end.
Reading the book is worthwhile and I would encourage you to judge for yourself. Michael, if you still read this blog I would welcome your feedback.
15 comments:
- Anonymous said...
I was moving house this week.
One box circa 99 was a bubble jet printer container with the words 'Y2K compliant' on the side. I mean what harm was going to come to you from your clunky bubble jet printer!? It's easy to forget how big a potential threat Y2k was seen as at the time.
I also believe that one of the most eloquent 'worst case scenario' writers for peak oil outcomes J.H. Kunstler was also riding the Y2K pony at the time. Feedback loops operate here maybe, and the boundaries of predictions need to get pushed so we don't go to sleep.
I respect the markets ability to discount bad stuff, we are still waiting for you guys in the US to have your recession, and for the USD to collapse... But my thoughts are that these events are so well discounted potentially that they are not most likely scenarios anymore.
I would imagine such armageddon scenarios are not most probable. I agree with Roger's sentiments re: extremes.
Having said this I'm looking for my can opener and flash light? Anyone seen them? When Y2k hits it will catch us all by surprise.
Andrew. - 12:44 AM
- RW said...
It is as easy to overstate as it is to understate any peril which is probably why both permabulls and permabears tend not to do as well as cautious optimists (COs) on average; if I remember the relevant research studies COs tend to live longer too. It is possibly true that permabears may not do as well overall since the market is generally up more often than down but their analyses tend to be more interesting on the whole regardless; not sure why that is but perhaps its because permabulls usually sound like they are trying to sell something.
But truth be told there are probably not too many people who are permanently anything and terms such as permabull or permabear have a sufficiently ad hominem ring to them (particularly when uttered in a comment that otherwise adds neither substantive analysis nor civility to a discussion) that perhaps we could just drop the whole bull/bear bit altogether, eh.
Some folks are deeply skeptical of this market (includes me), others are not, but the last time I looked the only thing that mattered to an investor was what went into his or her pocket and stayed there. FWIW I think most of Panzner's conclusions live in the long tail of the curve but if they help me guard my flanks and keep some more filthy lucre in my pocket then that's okay with me and, if it should turn out that the curve is skewed and/or platykurtic and even one of Panzner's scenarios comes to pass, well, I may just be grateful regarding the opportunity cost.
Parenthetically I worked with several COBAL engineers on a very large-scale legacy accounting system in 1998 and under simulated Y2K rollover conditions it became unstable and/or delivered erroneous results (sometimes measured in millions of dollars). There were similar reports in the industry so, w/o any deep knowledge of that industry, it could be that the reason we can now treat Y2K lightly as a non-event is because they and others like them did their work well. Perhaps we'll even think the same of the Fed some day, at least to the degree we think of such things at all when there is no disaster to focus our attention. Just a thought. - 1:53 AM
- Leisa said...
RW makes an important point. Y2K was a big deal. It was a key driver in many of the bank mergers at the time (whose forgotten that!?). Why? Because the massive costs required for switching over legacy systems.
My hope is that there will be massive work to remedy/mitigate some of the looming problems. Unfortunately, unless you have the "Armegeddon" scenario put plainly, inciting action is difficult.
RW, thank you for this important reminder. Will probably end up with private equity taking over government operations! - 5:33 AM
- Anonymous said...
I'm not a follower of Panzner, haven't read his book and have no idea whether his scenarios will come to pass. But it is surprising how easily most people dismiss such "predictions" seeing that the one thing that hasn't changed over time is people. I wonder if many people predicted the French Revolution and the ruling elite ending up with their necks in the guillotine.
- JEB said...
"I have trouble envisioning people going down to the bank fro any reason when money can be moved electronically from home"
Seems short sighted. Is it out of the realm of possiblity that if a banking crisis would happen the internet banking sites and electronic means of commerce could be shut down or disabled? "We're sorry but we are experiencing techical difficulties right now, please contact your branch". - 10:10 AM
- tom k said...
Hey Roger, have you read Boomsday by Christopher Buckley yet?
- Roger Nusbaum said...
Jeb you are right that is a possibility. I still think very remote.
have not read Boomsday. - 10:44 AM
- Chris said...
Ordered a copy of the book. I'm working on a screenplay that assumes some of these same components join together in a "perfect storm" not dissimilar from Panzer's suggestions.
Now that you've finished that... how's the ABA book treating you? I would have hoped that a vacation would mean you'd put the "light reading" first... ;-) - 11:12 AM
- Roger Nusbaum said...
hey Chris, I'm about 85 pages in...just finished the part about Connie Hawkins.
- Michael Panzner said...
Yes, Roger, I still read your blog, because it is very informative and I usually learn something every time I pay a visit (which is most days).
I appreciate you writing about my book. As usual, your comments are intelligent, thoughtful, and measured. I think you raised some valid criticisms, but I think the key difference between us comes down to the way you and I perceive and quantify risk.
Perhaps your assessment will turn out to be the right one (nobody knows for sure, including me), and we can all breathe a sigh of relief. Unfortunately, I feel that we are approaching that rare, perfect-storm moment, where the risk of being wrong is so devastating that it is unwise to discount it. - 4:54 PM
- russell120 said...
I am unsure of Mr. Panzner's specific concerns. But history is full of long tails. Often the scenario is one of the ones "predicted." But as the scenarios are often mutually exclusive, it is not surprising that there are more scenarios then events. In extreme terms, you may accept that the world may end someday, but it can only end one way.
And not all tails are bad ones. On a positive note, I have heard that the Tweetsie Railroad has managed to extend its lease on life through 2010. To the four-foot and under crowd, this off course is very important news. - 7:59 PM
- Roger Nusbaum said...
Michael, thanks for posting, very much appreciated.
- Cautious Investor said...
Seems unlikely that everything goes wrong at once, but that's probably what they said in the early 1900s in Germany (Weimar Republic) late 1920s here in the US, in the 1940s in China, etc. etc. It seems to me that at even low probability, the result is so bad you have to at least consider possibility and how to protect against something really bad happening.
- Roger Nusbaum said...
I agree with that and have written several times about what I would do and disclosed several times the couple of bomb shelter holdings I use. - 11:07 AM
- Greg Dalton said...
The first book I read with my book of the month club free 6 books back in the 70's was How to Prosper During the Coming Bad Years (author?). It taught me a valuable lesson...hope for the best but plan for the worst. I think the global catalyst for the big slide will be the legislated and tax payer backed move to ethanol and biodiesel in the west. As the price of food stock soybeans, sugar beets and corn is driven up by the insatiable appetite for fuel, global starvation will make warming and market values insignificant. I hope I am wrong but I see an exponetial rise in the signs in the last few months. How does this scenario fit into the armageddon?
Thanks for the great posts...I am off to buy Michael's book.
Greg - 7:36 PM


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If a visit to NYC is on your list of things to do, you've got to get some apps. But due to the number of apps out there these days, selecting just the very best is a mindboggling task. Don't worry; we've done the dirty work for you. We dug … Read More


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We don't know whether to say congratulations or get out the way of the fade…
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At least Mila had the good sense to turn him down!


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Hiking in Canada and the USA is the preferred term for a long, vigorous walk in the countryside, often on hiking trails, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks. On the other hand in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the term walking is used to describe all forms of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or trekking in the Alps. The word hiking is also sometimes used in the UK, along with rambling, hillwalking, and fell walking. In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.[1] It is such a popular activity that there are numerous hiking organizations worldwide, and studies suggest that hiking and walking have health benefits.[2][3] Hiking times can be estimated by Naismith's rule or Tobler's hiking function.
Related terms[edit]
In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking refers to walking outdoors on a trail for recreational purposes.[5] A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day. Multi-day hikes with camping are referred to as backpacking in North America.[5] In the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking. Fellwalking describes hill or mountain walks in Northern England, including the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales, as fell is the common word for both features there. Bushwhacking specifically refers to difficult walking through dense forest, undergrowth, or bushes, where forward progress requires pushing vegetation aside. In extreme cases of bushwhacking where the vegetation is so dense that human passage is impeded, a machete is used to clear a pathway. Australians use the term bushwalking for both on and off-trail hiking. New Zealanders use tramping (particularly for overnight and longer trips),[6] walking or bushwalking. Multi-day hiking in the mountainous regions of India, Pakistan, Nepal, North America, South America, Iran and in the highlands of East Africa is also called trekking. Hiking a long-distance trail from end-to-end is also referred to as trekking and as thru-hiking in some places.[7][8] Examples of long-distance trails include the Appalachian Trail (AT) in the USA, the Pennine Way, England, and the E5 European long distance path, which runs from Brittany in France to Verona in Italy.
In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, tramping (Czech: tramping, tremping, a word borrowed from English) is a combined culture of hiking, backpacking, scouting, woodcraft, music, with the characteristic flavor of American culture, especially Wild West.[9]
The idea of undertaking a walk through the countryside for pleasure, developed in the 18th-century, and arose because of changing attitudes to the landscape and nature, associated with the Romantic movement.[10] In earlier times walking generally indicated poverty and was also associated with vagrancy.[11]
Thomas West, an English clergyman, popularized the idea of walking for pleasure in his guide to the Lake District of 1778. In the introduction he wrote that he aimed
to encourage the taste of visiting the lakes by furnishing the traveller with a Guide; and for that purpose, the writer has here collected and laid before him, all the select stations and points of view, noticed by those authors who have last made the tour of the lakes, verified by his own repeated observations.[12]
To this end he included various 'stations' or viewpoints around the lakes, from which tourists would be encouraged to appreciate the views in terms of their aesthetic qualities.[13] Published in 1778 the book was a major success.[14]
Another famous early exponent of walking for pleasure, was the English poet William Wordsworth. In 1790 he embarked on an extended tour of France, Switzerland, and Germany, a journey subsequently recorded in his long autobiographical poem The Prelude (1850). His famous poem Tintern Abbey was inspired by a visit to the Wye Valley made during a walking tour of Wales in 1798 with his sister Dorothy Wordsworth. Wordsworth's friend Coleridge was another keen walker and in the autumn of 1799, he and Wordsworth undertook a three weeks tour of the Lake District. John Keats, who belonged to the next generation of Romantic poets began, in June 1818, a walking tour of Scotland, Ireland, and the Lake District with his friend Charles Armitage Brown.
More and more people undertook walking tours through the 19th-century, of which the most famous is probably Robert Louis Stevenson's journey through the Cévennes in France with a donkey, recorded in his Travels with a Donkey (1879). Stevenson also published in 1876 his famous essay "Walking Tours". The sub-genre of travel writing produced many classics in the subsequent 20th-century. An early American example of a book that describes an extended walking tour is naturalist John Muir's A Thousand Mile Walk to the Gulf (1916), a posthumous published account of a long botanizing walk, undertaken in 1867.
Due to industrialisation in England, people began to migrate to the cities where living standards were often cramped and unsanitary. They would escape the confines of the city by rambling about in the countryside. However, the land in England, particularly around the urban area of Manchester and Sheffield, was privately owned and trespass was illegal. Rambling clubs soon sprang up in the north and began politically campaigning for the legal 'right to roam'. One of the first such clubs, was 'Sunday Tramps' founded by Leslie White in 1879. The first national grouping, the Federation of Rambling Clubs, was formed in London in 1905 and was heavily patronized by the peerage.[15]
Access to Mountains bills, that would have legislated the public's 'right to roam' across some private land, were periodically presented to Parliament from 1884 to 1932 without success. Finally, in 1932, the Rambler's Right Movement organized a mass trespass on Kinder Scout in Derbyshire. Despite attempts on the part of the police to prevent the trespass from going ahead it was successfully achieved due to massive publicity. However the Mountain Access Bill that was passed in 1939 was opposed by many walkers, including the organization The Ramblers, who felt that it did not sufficiently protect their rights, and it was eventually repealed.[16]
The effort to improve access led after World War II to the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, and in 1951 to the creation of the first national park in the UK, the Peak District National Park.[17] The establishment of this and similar national parks helped to improve access for all outdoors enthusiasts.[18] The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 considerably extended the right to roam in England and Wales.
United States[edit]
An early example of an interest in hiking in the United States, is Abel Crawford and his son Ethan's clearing of a trail to the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire in 1819.[19] This 8.5 mile path is the oldest continuously used hiking trail in the United States. The influence of British and European Romanticism reached North America through the transcendentalist movement, and both Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–82) and Henry David Thoreau (1817-62) were important influences on the outdoors movement in North America. Thoreau's writing on nature and on walking include the posthumously published "Walking" (1862). While an earlier essay "A Walk to Wachusett" (1842) describes a four day walking tour he took with a companion from Concord, Massachusetts to the summit of Mount Wachusett, Princeton, Massachusetts and back. In 1876 the Appalachian Mountain Club, America's oldest recreation organization, was founded to protect the trails and mountains in the northeastern United States.
The Scottish-born, American naturalist John Muir (1838 –1914), was another important early advocate of the preservation of wilderness in the United States. He petitioned the U.S. Congress for the National Park bill that was passed in 1890, establishing Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. The Sierra Club, which he founded, is now one of the most important conservation organizations in the United States. The spiritual quality and enthusiasm toward nature expressed in his writings inspired readers, including presidents and congressmen, to take action to help preserve large areas of undeveloped countryside.[20] He is today referred to as the "Father of the National Parks".[21] In 1916, the National Park Service was created to protect national parks and monuments.
In the 1921 Benton MacKaye, a forester, conceived the idea of the America's first National trail, the Appalachian trail, and this was completed in August 1937, running from Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine to Georgia.[22] The Pacific Crest Trail ("PCT") was first explored in the 1930s by the YMCA hiking groups and was eventually registered as a complete border to border trail from Mexico to Canada. [23]
The equipment required for hiking depends on the length of the hike, but day hikers generally carry at least water, food, a map, and rain-proof gear.[5] Hikers usually wear sturdy hiking boots for mountain walking and backpacking, as protection from the rough terrain, as well as providing increased stability.[5] The Mountaineers club recommends a list of "Ten Essentials" equipment for hiking, including a compass, sunglasses, sunscreen, a flashlight, a first aid kit, a fire starter, and a knife.[24] Other groups recommend items such as hat, gloves, insect repellent, and an emergency blanket.[25] A GPS navigation device can also be helpful and route cards may be used as a guide.
Proponents of ultralight backpacking argue that long lists of required items for multi-day hikes increases pack weight, and hence fatigue and the chance of injury.[26] Instead, they recommend reducing pack weight, in order to make hiking long distances easier. Even the use of hiking boots on long-distances hikes is controversial among ultralight hikers, because of their weight.[26]
Environmental impact[edit]
Hikers often seek beautiful natural environments in which to hike.[5] These environments are often fragile, as hikers may accidentally destroy the environment that they enjoy. While the action of an individual may not strongly affect the environment, the mass effect of a large number of hikers can degrade the environment. For example, gathering wood in an alpine area to start a fire may be harmless if done once (except for wildfire risk). Years of gathering wood, however, can strip an alpine area of valuable nutrients.[27] Generally, protected areas such as parks have regulations in place to protect the environment. If hikers follow such regulations, their impact can be minimized.[27] Such regulations include forbidding wood fires, restricting camping to established camp sites, disposing or packing out faecal matter, imposing a quota on the number of hikers per mile.
Many hikers espouse the philosophy of Leave No Trace: hiking in a way such that future hikers cannot detect the presence of previous hikers. Practitioners of this philosophy obey its strictures, even in the absence of area regulations. Followers of this practice follow strict practices on dealing with food waste, food packaging, and alterations to the surrounding environment.[28]
Human waste is often a major source of environmental impact from hiking.[27] These wastes can contaminate the watershed and make other hikers ill. Bacterial contamination can be avoided by digging 'catholes' 10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches) deep, depending on local soil composition and covering after use. If these catholes are dug at least 60 m (200 feet) away from water sources and trails, the risk of contamination is minimized.
Sometimes hikers enjoy viewing rare or endangered species. However, some species (such as martens or bighorn sheep) are very sensitive to the presence of humans, especially around mating season. To prevent adverse impact, hikers should learn the habits and habitats of endangered species.
There is one situation where an individual hiker can make a large impact on an ecosystem: inadvertently starting a wildfire. For example, in 2005, a Czech backpacker burned 7% of Torres del Paine National Park in Chile by knocking over an illegal gas portable stove.[29] Obeying area regulations and setting up cooking devices on designated areas (or if necessary on bare ground) will reduce the risk of wildfire.
Sometimes hikers can interfere with each other's enjoyment, or that of other users of the land. Hiking etiquette has developed to minimize such interference. Common hiking etiquette includes:
- When two groups of hikers meet on a steep trail, a custom has developed in some areas whereby the group moving uphill has the right-of-way.[30]
- Being forced to hike much faster than one's natural pace can be annoying, difficult to maintain consistently, and increases fatigue; it may also cause injury. But if a group splits between fast and slow hikers, the slow hikers may be left behind or become lost. Therefore a common custom is to encourage the slowest hiker to lead and have everyone match that speed. Another custom is to have experienced hiker(s) sweep up the rear on a rota, to ensure that everyone in the group is safe.
- Hikers generally avoid making loud sounds, such as shouting or loud conversation, or the use of mobile phones.[30] However, in bear country, hikers make noise as a safety precaution.
- Hikers tend to avoid impacting on the land through which they travel. Hikers can avoid impact by staying on established trails, not picking plants, or disturbing wildlife, and carrying garbage out. The Leave No Trace movement offers a set of guidelines for low-impact hiking: "Leave nothing but footprints. Take nothing but photos. Kill nothing but time. Keep nothing but memories".
Hiking may produce threats to personal safety. These threats can be dangerous circumstances and/or specific accidents or ailments. Diarrhea, for example, has been found to be one of the most common illness afflicting long-distance hikers in the United States.[31] (See Wilderness acquired diarrhea.)
Noxious plants that cause rashes can also be particularly bothersome. Such plants include poison oak, poison ivy, poison sumac, and stinging nettles. Other dangers include becoming lost, inclement weather, hazardous terrain, or exacerbation of pre-existing medical conditions. Additional potential hazards are dehydration, hypothermia, frostbite, sunburn, sunstroke. attacks by animals, including snakes, or injuries such as ankle sprain, or broken bones.[32] Attacks by humans are also a reality in some places, and lightning is also a threat, especially on high ground.
In various countries, borders may be poorly marked, so it is good practice to know where international borders are. In 2009, Iran imprisoned three American for hiking across the Iran-Iraq border.[33] It is illegal to cross into the USA on the Pacific Crest Trail from Canada. Going south to north it is more straightforward and a crossing can be made, if advanced arrangements are made with Canadian Border Services. Within the European Union, and associated nations like Switzerland and Norway, there are no impediments to crossing by path, and borders are not always obvious.[34] All the same necessary documents should always be carried and the law followed (people from some countries may require a visa).
See also[edit]
- Backpacking – also known as trekking, a multi-day, often arduous hike especially in mountainous regions
- Ultralight backpacking – a philosophy of backpacking which advocates carrying minimal equipment
- Dog hiking – hiking with dogs that carry a pack
- Freehiking – nude hiking; also hiking off-trail
- Heli Hiking – using helicopters to access otherwise inaccessible areas
- Hillwalking – a British term for hiking in hills or mountains
- Llama hiking
- Nordic Walking – fitness walking with poles
- Scrambling – "non-technical" rock climbing or mountaineering, or "technical" hiking
- Swimhiking
- Thru-hiking – hiking a trail from end to end in one continuous hike (people may end to end a trail, but in section hikes)
- Walking tour - similar to backpacking
- Waterfalling – aka waterfall hunting and waterfall hiking, is hiking with the purpose of finding and enjoying waterfalls
See: List of long-distance footpaths
Related activities[edit]
- Cross-country skiing – often the equivalent of hiking in snowy lands during wintertime
- Fell running – an English and Welsh sport of running over rough mountainous ground, often off-trail. Known as Hill running in Scotland and Ireland. Similarities exist with Mountain running popular overseas, but also many differences.
- Geocaching – outdoor treasure-hunting game
- Orienteering – running sport involving navigation with a map and compass
- River trekking
- Rogaining – sport of long distance cross-country navigation
- Snow shoeing—a way of hiking in deep snow
- Trail blazing—known as waymarking in Europe
- ^ H. W. Orsman, The Dictionary of New Zealand English. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-558347-7.
- ^ McKinney, John (2009-03-22). "For Good Health: Take a Hike!". Miller-McCune.
- ^ "A Step in the Right Direction: The health benefits of hiking and trails". American Hiking Society. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
- ^ Gailey, Chris (2006). "Appalachian Trail FAQs". Outdoors.org. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
- ^ a b c d e Keller, Kristin T. (2007). Hiking. Capstone Press. ISBN 0-7368-0916-3.
- ^ H. W. Orsman, The Dictionary of New Zealand English. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1999.
- ^ Mueser, Roland (1997). Long-Distance Hiking: Lessons from the Appalachian Trail. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-044458-7.
- ^ Trekking and Hiking in Persia - Iran| High Places
- ^ <http://domov-trampu.home.comcast.net/~domov-trampu/Tramping.htm>
- ^ The Norton Anthology of English Literature, ed. M. H,Abrams, vol.2 (7th edition) (2000), p. 9-10.
- ^ Rebecca Solnit, Wanderlust: A History of Walking. New York: Penguin Books, 2000, p.83, and note p.297.
- ^ West. A Guide to the Lakes. p. 2.
- ^ "Development of tourism in the Lake District National Park". Lake District UK. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
- ^ "Understanding the National Park — Viewing Stations". Lake District National Park Authority. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
- ^ Stephenson, Tom (1989). Forbidden Land: The Struggle for Access to Mountain and Moorland. Manchester University Press. p. 78. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
- ^ The Ramblers
- ^ "Quarrying and mineral extraction in the Peak District National Park". Peak District National Park Authority. 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ^ "Kinder Trespass. A history of rambling". Retrieved 2013-12-17.
- ^ Condensed Facts About Mount Washington, Atkinson News Co., 1912.
- ^ "The Life and Contributions of John Muir". Sierra Club. Retrieved October 23, 2009.
- ^ Miller, Barbara Kiely (2008). John Muir. Gareth Stevens. p. 10. ISBN 0836883187.
- ^ Appalachian Trail Conservancy
- ^ "The Top 10 Hiking Trails in the US". e2e.com.
- ^ Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills (6th ed.). The Mountaineers. 1997. pp. 35–40. ISBN 0-89886-427-5.
- ^ "Ten Essential Groups Article". Texas Sierra Club. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
- ^ a b Jardine, Ray (2000). "Beyond Backpacking: Ray Jardine's Guide to Lightweight Hiking". AdventureLore Press.
- ^ a b c Cole, David. Impacts of Hiking and Camping on Soils and Vegetation: A Review.
- ^ "Principles". Leave No Trace. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
- ^ "Chilean park recovering from fire". Daily Mail. 2005-05-25. Archived from the original on 2011-02-11.
- ^ a b Devaughn, Melissa (April 1997). "Trail Etiquette". Backpacker Magazine. Active Interest Media, Inc. p. 40. ISSN 0277867X. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- ^ Boulware, D.R.; et al. (2003). "Medical Risks of Wilderness Hiking". American Journal of Medicine 114 (4): 288–93. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01494-8. PMID 12681456.
- ^ Goldenberg, Marni; Martin, Bruce (2007). Hiking and Backpacking. Wilderness Education Association. p. 104. ISBN 0-7360-6801-5.
- ^ Gordon, Michael R.; Lehren, Andrew W. (2010-10-23). "Iran Seized U.S. Hikers in Iraq, U.S. Report Asserts". New York Times.
- ^ See for example
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Hiking. |
Look up hiking in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: |


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Living the Magical Life
An Oracular Adventure
Living the Magical Life offers a compelling account of one woman's journey to reclaim the magical, oracular, and spiritual dimensions of life.
- Publications Books
- November 2002
- 200 pages
Metaphysics of the Tea Ceremony
A Randomized Trial Investigating the Roles of Intention and Belief on Mood While Drinking Tea
Besides the use of fresher and perhaps more nutritious ingredients, homemade soup offers a component that is absent from commercial soups—mother's nurturing intentions. Do such intentions matter? A previously reported study investigated this question by exposing samples of chocolate, a natural mood enhancer, to focused beneficial intentions, and then testing under double-blind conditions whether people eating the intentionally treated chocolate would report better mood as compared to people eating untreated chocolate from the same source. The study's outcome supported the intention-enhancement hypothesis.
- Publications Scholarly Papers
- Nov/Dec 2013
- 6 pages
Dreaming While Awake
Techniques for 24-Hour Lucid Dreaming
What if you could dream 24 hours a day, even while awake? According to innovative psychotherapist Arnold Mindell, PhD, we already do. The seeds of dreaming arise in every moment of the day ...
- Publications Books
- October 2000
- 276 pages
Essential Shifts Interview: Dean Radin
In the view of IONS Senior Scientist Dean Radin, we're in the midst of an epochal transition from a world steeped in fear and hysteria to one that's, well, a bit less fearful and hysterical. This insightful and entertaining interview focuses on the shift from a mechanistic model of science to one based on quantum interconnection, drawing upon the latest research on the effects of minds on other minds, as well as the environment.
- Audio Interviews
- 2006-05-15
- 00:21:21


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Prague in One Day Sightseeing Tour
Discover the magic of Prague, a modern and vibrant city full of energy, on this introductory tour of the Czech capital. Perfect for first-time visitors, this 3.
Discover the magic of Prague, a modern and vibrant city full of energy, on this introductory tour of the Czech capital. Perfect for first-time visitors, this 3.
Embark on an educational and historical experience at Terezin Concentration Camp on this coach tour from Prague. After being turned into a Jewish ghetto during World War II, thousands of Jewish people and other prisoners died in this Terezin camp.
Tour the magical city of Prague at night by coach and boat, and dine in comfort while cruising along the River Vltava. It's the perfect way to see Prague at night, and a relaxing way to end a busy day of sightseeing! Your evening begins with a coach ride from the Powder Tower to the River Vltava, where an air-conditioned boat awaits you.
Runs a photogenic one-hour cruise taking in the National Theatre, Štrelecký island and Vyšehrad, departing at 11am, 2pm, 4pm, 5pm and 6pm April to September (adult/child 190/90Kč). Also offers a 1¼-hour boat trip to Troja (near the zoo; 150/80Kč one-way) departing at 8.30am on weekdays in May and June only; at 9.30am, 12.30pm and 3.
Operates large cruise boats based at the quay beside Čechův most (Bohemia Bridge), and offers a one-hour return cruise departing hourly from 10am to 6pm (240/120Kč per adult/child); a two-hour return cruise including lunch and live music, departing at noon (690/380Kč per adult/child***unchanged***); a two-hour return cruise to Vyšehrad (350/270Kč), departing at 3.
A whole range of outings is offered by Prague Sightseeing Tours – look for the yellow kiosk near the metro entrance on náměstí Republiky. The two-hour 'Informative Prague' bus tour (adult/child 410/280Kč, departing 11am and 1.30pm from April to October) takes in all of Prague's important historical sites, and the 'Grand City' tour (660/330Kč, departing 9.
Uncover the secret of the magical Golden Lane, gain insight into the St George's Basilica ancestral convent on this walking tour of the renowned Prague Castle! Discover one of Europe's largest medieval castles on a 3.5-hour historical walking tour with your expert guide.
Vintage tram cars dating from 1908 to 1924 trundle along a special route, starting at the Public Transport Museum and going via stops at Prague Castle, Malostranské náměstí, the National Theatre, Wenceslas Square, náměstí Republiky and Štefánikův most to finish at Výstaviště.
Visit Kutna Hora, an old mining town founded in the 13th century and famous for its silver mines, on this guided coach trip from Prague. During the Middle Ages, profits from the Kutna Hora silver mines brought fame to the lands of the Czech Crown, and Kutna Hora became the richest and most powerful town.Admire the Gothic St.
Combine history, art and architecture on this full-day tour of Prague. See Prague Castle, one of Europe's largest medieval castles, and take a cruise on the Vltava River.
The Prague International Marathon , established in 1989, is held annually in mid- to late May. It's considered to be one of the world's top 10 city marathons, and attracted 4517 entrants in 2008. There's also a half-marathon, held in late March. If you'd like to compete, you can register online or obtain entry forms from the website. The registration fee is €60.
Travel from Prague Airport to your Prague City Hotel. Transfer services are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This is a private transfer service so the price is the same for groups of 1 - 3 who will be transferred in a private car and the same price will apply for groups of 4 - 7 people who will be transferred in a private minibus.
While in Prague, don't miss this special opportunity to visit Vienna on this full-day guided trip. Discover the capital of Austria, whose historic center, rich in medieval and Baroque architecture, was once the imperial and cultural center of Europe and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


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Petey Pablo - Hard TimesDescription: Sike reports "New Petey Pablo video called "Hard Times" (Link At The Bottom) Produced by Don Calone. Almost a year ago Don Calone (Producer/Beatmaker from Amsterdam) died of cancer after being sick for a long time.. he left alot of beats behind after he passed away people over here in Amsterdam are working on a mixtape specially made for Don Calone. Petey Pablo Also did a joint for the tape! R.I.P Don Calone" |
Total Views : 103,583 Video Added : 2009-06-03 Video Code:
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The DASH Diet National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/
ChooseMyPlate.gov http://www.choosemyplate.gov
Canada's Food Guide http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/
Dietitians of Canada http://www.dietitians.ca/
7/6/2009 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed/what.php: Levitan EB, Wolk A, Mittleman MA. Consistency with the DASH diet and incidence of heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:851-857.
DASH diet. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated August 26, 2011. Accessed June 13, 2012.
Dash diet serving sizes. The Dash Diet Eating Plan website. Available at: http://dashdiet.org/servingsizes.asp. Accessed June 22, 2012.
Following the DASH eating plan. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/dash/followdash.html. Updated November 1, 2010. Accessed June 13, 2012.
Your guide to lowering your blood pressure with DASH. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/hbp/dash/how%5Fmake%5Fdash.html. Accessed June 13, 2012.
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Image Number: 0071-0801-3019-2306
Commercial use is allowed
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*Prints may not be reproduced!
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Item: | Dimensions: | Weight: |
Small Wood Adjustable-Compartment Literature Organizer | 21.125" H x 19.5" W x 11.75" D | 24 lbs |
Product Category: | Document Sorters |
Questions & Answers
Safco Products Small Wood Adjustable-Compartment Literature Organizer
storage Barbara Weiss from Pottstown, PA– Verified Buyer perfect for the price,excellent stability, great size,strong,looks good, easily moved,you will not be disappointed , quick shipping, definately recommend. |
Not solid enough Ben from Van Wert, OH– Verified Buyer I bought two of these. The first one split at the location of three of the dowels when I was putting it together. I was more careful with the second one, but the material is just not sturdy enough for anything more than home use. |
Solidly made - read the directions carefully! K. Drake from San Francisco, CA I had a hard time finding the right item for the space, and this organizer serves the need well. It is sturdy and I expect it to last for a long time. It looks professional and holds all the different papers that I need to have at hand next to my printer. Even though I read the directions before putting it together, I still managed to get one side on backwards and had to take it apart and do it again, so read the directions very carefully and check everything twice before you put it together! The price is high for what the item is, but the site had the lowest price on it that I found anywhere, so I feel satisfied with the purchase. Shipping was fast and free, so that was a definite plus. |
Anonymous from California– Verified Buyer |
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Today, they are proud to offer over 2,200 premier products that have been designed to fit the needs of individuals and the way they work, while meeting the needs for organization in the workplace, home, school, or where ever they work.


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TEDxHouston RESONATE is live-streaming today; join me in viewing all of these great speakers and performers!
Just click on Watch TEDxHouston Live - and you'll be joining me, virtually, in one fabulous, inspiring day of TEDxTalks.
I'm most looking forward to hearing Karen Walrond, Jane Weiner and Chitra Divakaruni. Woohoo!


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The Knot Best of Weddings 2012 Pick
We are proud to announce that Chroma Hair Gallery has been rated by local brides and voted The Knot Best of Weddings 2012 Pick.Chroma turns 5December 13th 6-9pmWe will be having a five year celebration! We will be giving away amazing gifts and 5 lucky winners will recieve salon services including brazilian blowouts and color services. You must attend the event to be elligableGet Social With Us!
Rewards Program
Learn how to receive complimentary services! Call for more details - 215.627.6337
Walk for Hope 2012
City of Hope walk to help cut out HIV/AIDS cancer and other life threatening illnesses. We provided services for participants and donated our time to help those in need.
Project Valanni 2012
Project Valanni 2011
City of Hope Hairball 2011
Featured performer Jason Joseph
Philadelphia Bride Magazine
Featured in the Spring/Summer Bridal Issue 2010 for hair and make-up
Chroma adds finishing touches
to the 2007-2010 Philadelphia University Fashion show at the Academy of Music. Our salon donated hair and make-up artist services to create a show stopping runway experience for the students.
Talk of the Town
Philadelphia Style Magazine
Featured stylist, Karlie Lanza in the May-June 2009 issue. Karlie provided expert insights and is quoted in the article "Hair Help".
Savannah Magazine
Featured our master stylist, Jason Joseph in the 2009 Spring-Summer Issue. The article highlighted Jason's expert work with an international wedding.
City of Hope Hairball Award
Congratulations to our stylist, Jason Joseph for winning "Most Intricate" Hair Design at the 2008 City of Hope Hairball.
Daily Candy
March 2008 Beauty blog "Up all Night" highlighting Chroma's late night hours in Old City.


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Sunday, March 09, 2014
Follow us:
SALINA, N.Y. -- A Onondaga County Sheriff's sergeant was injured in a car accident in the Town of Salina. It happened on Route 11 just before 11 p.m. Friday.
Officials say Sergeant Sharon McDonald was driving through the South Bay Road intersection when an SUV ran a red light, hitting the side of the patrol car.
McDonald was taken to St. Joseph's Hospital with injuries to her leg and hand. The driver of the SUV, Eric Horvitz, 22, of Washington, was not injured. He was ticketed for passing a red light.
The crash is still being investigated.


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Rock Island Trail Prairie
Nature Preserve
Peoria County
Location and Access:
From the junction of Rts. 90 and 91 in Princeville, proceed north for 3 miles on Rt. 91 to the County Line Road. Turn east and travel 0.5 mile to the abandoned railroad right-of-way where th prairie is located.
The mesic prairie remnant at this site is representative of the prairies of the Grand Prairie Division of Illinois. Big bluestem, Indian grass, northern dropseed and bluejoint are grasses which are present along with numerous prairie wildflowers, including prairie dock, compass plant, leadplant, pale coneflower, rattlesnake master, prairie gentian and rough and prairie blazingstars. Recent management efforts, including prescribed burning and brush removal, have improved the quality of the prairie.
Ownership: Illinois Department of Natural Resources
Dedicated: April 1993
Size: 3.75 acres
Topo Map: Edelstein 7.5
For Further Information Contact: Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Biologist, Jubilee College State Park, 13921 West Route 150, Brimfield, IL 61517 (309/446-8181)
03/10 R. Heidorn


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In coordination with enlightenment-devel maintainer MODULE_ARCH was changed to freebsd${OSREL}-${ARCH}. Appropriate patches for evas and enlightenment-devel have been commited. Track this. PR: ports/100112 Submited by: maintainer
Number of ports [& non-ports] in this commit: 1
Showing files for just one port: x11/e17-module-deskshow
show all files
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Servers and bandwidth provided byNew York Internet, SuperNews, and RootBSD
13 vulnerabilities affecting 22 ports have been reported in the past 14 days
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Community of Aguasal, Reserva Indígena Alto Andágueda, El Chocó, Colombia
Aguasal is the central village in the Embera-Katió indigenous reservation of Alto Andágueda, in the department of El Chocó on the Pacific coast on Colombia. The area is isolated, in the foothills of the Andes—the Embera were pushed into this area from their lowland riverbank communities by the Spanish centuries ago. To get there from Quibdó, the departmental capital, requires a four-hour car ride and then six hours or more walking up rough mountain tracks.
In 2012, combats between the armed forces of Colombia and guerrillas near villages in the reservation, and especially aerial bombardments by the government, forced villagers to flee to Agausal. The resulting overpopulation of the village produced a humanitarian crisis because of inadequate food and water and poor sanitary conditions.
Among the groups trying to respond to the crisis were the Catholic Diocese of Quibdó (with whom I traveled), UNICEF, Lutheran World Service, and one of the important private health services, one that serves a number of Embera communities in the department.
Image 1 of 24
These images represent a small selection of the many photographs I donated to the Indigenous Pastoral Center of the Diocese to support their efforts on behalf of the people in those communities.
To license this work for editorial, creative, or other uses, click on the OZMO logo above.
This will take you to the Ozmo website where you can review the cost and license for the photographs in this exhibit.
You will need to create an account with both Amazon payments and with the Ozmo website as described on the Ozmo website.
Anthropology/ethnography, Ethnic Conflict, War, Discrimination/Minority rights, Global Health, Community, Human Rights, Colombia, Embera, El Chocó
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Midcontinent Communications
This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. (January 2013) |
This article is outdated. (August 2009) |
Type | Jointly owned by Midcontinent Media and Comcast |
Industry | Telecommunications, Cable TV, Internet |
Founded | 1931 Minneapolis, Minnesota |
Headquarters | Sioux Falls, South Dakota |
Area served | Minnesota South Dakota North Dakota |
Key people | Pat McAdaragh, CEO |
Products | Cable television Digital cable High-definition television Video on Demand Internet Telephony |
Website | http://www.midcocomm.com/ |
Midcontinent Communications is a regional cable provider, providing a triple play service of cable television, cable modem Internet service, and cable telephone service for both North Dakota and South Dakota, along with several communities in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Their business-class service also provides direct fiber-optic cable services via leased data circuits for larger companies.
Headquartered in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and operated as a joint venture between Midcontinent Media and Comcast, the company, also known as "Midco" provides their services to 200 communities both urban and rural, and serves an area containing nearly 200,000 customers.
Midcontinent Media was originally founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1931 as the Welworth Theater Company, an operator of movie theaters. The company remained in that business until the 1990s, when it sold its theaters to various chains, including Carmike Cinemas. In 1952, it bought the Midcontinent Broadcasting Company, owner of KELO-AM-FM in Sioux Falls; the company name changed to Midcontinent Media. The company also bought the construction permit for South Dakota's first television station, KELO-TV, which took to the air in 1953. Midcontinent purchased several other radio and television stations, but began exiting broadcasting in the 1990s (with KELO-TV and its satellites sold off to Young Broadcasting, currently owned by Media General), selling off the last of its radio holdings in 2004.
Midco diversified and extended its reach into other areas of the Upper Midwest, providing telephone and cable TV in rural parts of its service area, starting in the 1960s. In 1999, Midcontinent Media and AT&T Broadband (formerly known as TCI) merged their cable operations in the Dakotas, Minnesota and Nebraska into Midcontinent Communications, a joint venture between both companies. The partnership continued after Comcast's purchase of AT&T Broadband.
In the fall of 2008, Charter Communications announced that it planned to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. On October 14, 2008, an article appeared in the Fairmont, Minnesota Sentinel,[1] reporting that Charter was selling parts of their system to Midcontinent Communications, including its Bemidji, Minnesota and International Falls, Minnesota offices. Starting February 1, 2009 Midcontinent Communications took over some Charter's cable systems in Minnesota including Balaton, Bemidji, Canby, Ely, Fairmont, International Falls, Littlefork, Sherburn, and surrounding communities. Other areas in Minnesota sold to Comcast.[2]
In June 2011, Midcontinent Communications acquired 33,000 Minnesota and Wisconsin subscribers from US Cable.
Midco previously provided paging service, starting in 1985, but sold its paging services to another South Dakota company, Vantek Communications, in 2004. The former paging service was renamed Midco Connections.
Midco Sports Network[edit]
Midcontinent offers a regional sports network called Midco Sports Network (formerly MC23 until August 2010) exclusive to their service, mainly over channels 26, 27, 322 and 323 (622 in HD) on all Midcontinent systems, along with an additional digital sports tier spot for system continuity, an HD version of the network, and some additional overflow channels, which broadcast University of South Dakota and South Dakota State University sports, carries Fighting Sioux Sports Network's broadcasts of University of North Dakota sports, along with many other smaller colleges in the Dakotas and Minnesota.[3] Before the network launched, FSSN's broadcasts of UND sports were seen on Midco Sports Net's predecessor MC23, carried on channel 23 on most Midcontinent systems.
External links[edit]


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1971 Pontiac Trans Am, Approximately 1500 miles on this numbers matching PHS documented 455HO 1971 Trans Am since a complete frame off restoration. The... More
2010 Pontiac Trans Am - TRANS AM by HPP CARS Unique, very fast and lots of fun this tribute to the first Pontiac Trans Am... More
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1976 Pontiac Trans Am 50th Anniversary Special Edition Y-82 455, 4 speed with Hurst T-Tops 1 of 110 built Numbers Matching Engine PHS Documentation Books and Manuals 49,000 Documented and... More
Offered for sale is a Pontiac LeMans Concept Sport Truck 350 V8, A/T, PS, PWR Disc brakes, am/fm radio,Tilt Steering, Delco super lift and... More
1969 Pontiac Acadian SS, (same body style as a Nova), extremely rare, matching #s L48 350//300 HP. M38 3 speed automatic transmission. Acadians were built in Willow... More
1958 Pontiac Chieftain Convertible, This car is a beauty, has won trophys including the past Disney show, best of show in many shows.Tri power... More
This highly sought after American muscle car was recently restored from the ground up. Loaded with options, this true GTO features one of the... More
RARE ~ SURVIVOR ~ UNRESTORED ~ UNMOLESTED 1973 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am Superduty 455 With ONLY 49,000 ORIGINAL MILES Southwest Car from Arizona SHOWS & Drives AMAZING Chosen as 1... More
"Little GTO, your really lookin' fine. Three deuces and a four-speed and a 389. Listen to her tachin' up now, listen to her whi-ee-eye-ine.... More
1963 Pontiac Catalina Super Duty 421 Lightweight hardtop Fully documented by Pete McCarthy. 5,009 original miles. The LAST Pontiac Super Duty ever built, and the... More
This PHS documented code 242 GTO is 1 of 13,827 H.O. 360 horsepower 400 c.i.d V-8 models sold in 1967. It has a 4... More
1970 Pontiac Trans Am, PHS (Pontiac Historical Services) documented correct car, points judged by Pontiac-Oakland Club International and awarded Gold Award Cerificate, Gold Award for excellence in... More
Pontiac 1961 Ventura Bristal Blue, Frame off restoration, 348 HP, Tri Power, PS, 4-SP, Posi, 8 Lug wheels. All New Code Dated Glass, 100 miles... More