text:
December 12, 2007
in support of
and in opposition to
before the
of the
of the
on behalf of
Mark A. de Bernardo
Executive Director and President
December 12, 2007
I. Statement of Interest
Good morning Chairman Feingold, Ranking Minority Member Brownback, and members of the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Thank you for this opportunity to testify in strong support of the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") in employment, and of the use of mediation and arbitration generally as effective alternatives to litigation, and in opposition to S. 1782, "The Arbitration Fairness Act."
My name is Mark A. de Bernardo, and I am the Executive Director and President of the Council for Employment Law Equity ("CELE"), as well as a senior Partner at the law firm of Jackson Lewis. Among other activities on the ADR issue, I have authored four amicus curiae briefs in support of ADR, and have drafted ADR policies, conducted audits of ADR programs, and/or advised employers on ADR issues for nearly 20 years. It is my firm and unequivocal belief that the use of ADR is both pro-employer and pro-employee and - when implemented appropriately - is a tremendous asset to both employee relations and our jurisprudence system.
The Council for Employment Law Equity is a non-profit coalition of major employers committed to the highest standards of fair, effective, and appropriate employment practices. The CELE advocates such employment practices to the employer community; before the judicial, legislative, and executive branches of government; and to the public at-large.
Among other activities, the Council for Employment Law Equity has filed amicus curiae briefs on numerous occasions to the U.S. Supreme Court, including twice on ADR issues, and to other federal and state courts and the National Labor Relations Board; has filed comments during rule-making to the Department of Labor, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Government Services Administration; and has been active on policy-making issues before the American Bar Association's House of Delegates.
The CELE regularly attempts to positively and constructively influence the consideration of national policy issues of importance to the employer community. ADR is one such issue.
Jackson Lewis also has a long and proud record of support for effective and equitable
ADR programs as an alternative to costly, time-consuming, deleterious, and relationship-destructive litigation. Like organized labor, which has long embraced binding arbitration as a foundation of union representation, my law firm is highly supportive of ADR - and its impacts of less litigation and less legal fees - because it is what is best for many of our clients, and their employees, and because it is the right thing to do.
Jackson Lewis is a national law firm of more than 425 lawyers in 33 offices, all of whom are dedicated exclusively to the representation of management on labor and employment issues. No law firm has had as extensive or prominent a labor practice as has Jackson Lewis over the past 50 years, and it is highly unlikely that any firm has as much experience or expertise on ADR issues. In addition, Jackson Lewis has the highest concentration of employment lawyers in such major markets as the New York, Washington, and Los Angeles metropolitan areas.
Clearly, the CELE in particular, and the employer community in general, has a very strong interest in any initiative, such as S. 1782, which would so drastically undermine the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution programs in employment. I am here today to provide real-world context, and to underscore the message that, "it ain't broke," so "don't fix it." ADR in employment - and in other contexts - does not need a "fix." On behalf of the CELE, I can assure you that we are equally committed to helping ensure fairness in our arbitration and ADR systems for employees and employers alike.
II. Summary of Position
The seminal question is: Should employers and employees be able to engage in mediation and mandatory binding arbitration of employment disputes as an alternative to litigation?
The seminal answer is: Absolutely. ADR in employment programs are flourishing, and when implemented appropriately, are decisively in employees' best interests... and yet S.1782 would effectively deny this option to employers and employees.
It is hard to imagine a more sweeping - and devastating - blow to mandatory binding arbitration that S. 1782's language:
(b) No predispute arbitration agreement shall be valid or enforceable if it requires arbitration of -
(1) an employment, consumer, or franchise dispute...1
S. 1782 would effectively end arbitration in America.
ADR - a common, useful, positive, pro-active, timely, cost-effective and effective tool for making employers better employers and giving employees favorable resolution of their workplace problems - would essentially be eliminated from the American employment landscape after more than 80 years of sustained growth and success.2 Many would lose if S. 1782 were enacted; very few would gain.
Why is preservation of ADR in employment critically important?
The use of Alternative Dispute Resolution in employment is common and increasing as a means of avoiding litigation, addressing more employee issues, and resolving more amicably these concerns. Given the costs, delays, and divisiveness of employment litigation, a more sensible and conciliatory option is preferable for employers and their employees. The net result of the use of ADR is:
(1) More employee complaints received and resolved;
(2) Employee complaints resolved sooner and with less tension;
(3) Less turnover/more likely and more favorable preservation of employment relationships;
(4) Improved morale;
(5) More effective communication, and enhanced constructive input by employees into their companies; and
(6) Better workplaces.
Frankly, I firmly believe that appropriate ADR in employment programs - as they are currently in use - are fair, do have the requisite safeguards, and are not commonly subject to abuse.
However, if there are reforms which are necessary and appropriate, certainly they should be considered, and the CELE would support and welcome such reforms.
What is not needed is the wholesale and retroactive dismantling of common, effective, and widespread ADR programs that work... and work well. The cost to employees and employers, and to the interests of justice and sound employee relations, would be enormous and extremely destructive.
III. Summary of Advantages of ADR for Employees
The most effective - and utilized - Alternative Dispute Resolution programs are the ones in which employees "buy into" the program and recognize the distinct advantages to the individual. The advantages of ADR - for employees - include:
(1) A faster resolution of problems - Justice delayed is justice denied, and employment-related litigation now takes, on average, more than two years to resolve;3
(2) A simpler, more focused, more confidential, and more dignified process - Litigation is war, and who wants to go to war, particularly with the outcome so uncertain?;
(3) Less disruption to career and personal life - One of the advantages of ADR is the vastly increased chances for amicable resolution of an employment problem - the goal is to keep the employee in his or her job, and to do so in a way that the employee is happier and more productive. Litigation is destructive of the employment relationship; ADR is constructive;
(4) Peace of mind - ADR helps "diffuse" employee issues and concerns - before they heat up and "come to a boil." With earlier intervention and correction, small problems do not build into big problems, and there is less psychological "wear and tear "all the way around;
(5) The same range of remedies and higher awards - ADR provides the very same remedies to an aggrieved employee as litigation, and monetary damages are not only awarded to the employee faster than in litigation, they are awarded on just as broad a basis and at higher levels as in litigation.4 No financial remedy is waived by participation in the ADR process;
(6) The same decision-making process - Formal arbitration under an ADR program has essentially the same decision-making process as traditional litigation. The arbitrator is neutral, trained, and experienced, unaffiliated with either party, and acts very much like a judge.5 Moreover, the decisions of the arbitrator are final and binding on both parties;
(7) A better chance of prevailing - Employees have a 63 percent chance of prevailing in employment arbitration, but only a 43 percent chance of prevailing in employment litigation.6 Thus, employees have nearly a 50-percent better chance in arbitration than in court. This includes employment cases dismissed on Motions for Summary Judgment. Even excluding those cases dismissed, employees are more likely to prevail in arbitration than trials that are litigated to decision - 63-to-57 percent.7 Furthermore, nearly one-quarter (24.9 percent) of the employment cases arbitrated by the American Arbitration Association would not survive Motions for Summary Judgment, based on those arbitrators which do go to trial and are dismissed.8 Thus, if you are an employee with a grievance, you have a better chance of winning, virtually no chance of being dismissed, and a higher median award9 if you go to binding arbitration than litigation - and, in most cases, you do not have to split that award with a plaintiffs' lawyer; and
(8) More problems raised and resolved - An effective ADR program significantly increases the number of employee complaints, and that is better for everyone. More problems raised, more problems addressed, more problems resolved - quickly, efficiently, and cost-effectively - means better employer-employee relations, better morale, better employee retention, and a more productive and enthusiastic workforce.
IV. Summary of Advantages of ADR Programs Overall
Alternative Dispute Resolution programs in employment have multiple, substantial benefits to both employers and employees:
? Issues are resolved sooner - The delays of litigation - motions, discovery, appeals, and an overall backlogged and cumbersome legal process - are avoided in favor of a short, simple, streamlined process which yields final determinations with a quick turnaround;
? More grievances are addressed - Given the option of an easily accessible, less confrontational, less time-consuming, and relatively cost-free means of raising workplace grievances, employees are more likely to raise issues at a company with an ADR program than they would in litigation - if they even could (the overwhelming majority of employment issues addressed in arbitration would never be litigated because of the relative inaccessibility of the legal process, the reluctance of plaintiffs' attorneys10 to take on cases for which only modest recovery would be "best-case" foreseeable, courts' procedural rules disqualifying matters of relatively minor controversy, and/or employers' high success rate for prevailing on Motions to Dismiss and Motions for Summary Judgment;
? Inappropriate workplace practices are more likely to be corrected - With
issue determinations being made by credible and objective third parties who are trained in arbitration, knowledgeable about the legal process, and carefully selected because of their expertise in the issues and their lack of bias, intervention into - and correction of - employment practices and/or manager misconduct which may be inappropriate is achieved more frequently, more effectively, and more expeditiously;
? ADR is less disruptive and distractive than litigation - Since issues get resolved in a timely and decisive manner,11 with a minimum commitment of time and resources, and ADR process is infinitely less disruptive and distracting vis-à-vis the more formal, costly, protracted, and combative legal process in our courts;
? ADR is more cost-effective than litigation - The most effective Alternative Dispute Resolution programs are mandatory and are binding on all parties. No long, drawn-out legal battles. No litigation. No appeals. No excessive litigation costs and legal fees.12 By achieving a fair, final, and early resolution, ADR is cost-effective; and
? ADR is adjudicated by qualified and objective professionals - Arbitrators certified by the American Arbitration Association ("AAA"), the Judicial Arbitration & Mediation Services ("JAMS"), and the National Arbitration Forum are highly qualified professionals experienced in the legal process, with an established record of objectivity, and subject-matter expertise. They are reliable, credible, committed, and readily available through a highly developed and highly respected existing network. These organizations have the capacity to create, and experience in creating, specialized panels to address specific forms of arbitration - in this case neutral arbitrators with specific knowledge and/or expertise in employment issues.
V. Elements of an Effective ADR Program
The CELE, and the employer community as a whole, hope that Congress recognizes and fully appreciates what we believe is undeniable: Arbitration is a vital and necessary component of our civil justice system.
If S. 1782 is enacted, that civil justice system will be catapulted into chaos: hundreds of thousands of arbitrations a year will be replaced by tens of thousands of new court cases;13 any redress by the vast majority of individuals currently using the arbitration process will be rendered impossible as their claims will be abandoned and left homeless in the new judicial order;14 the already overburdened and significantly backlogged court system will be swamped by a tidal wave of new cases; and millions of employees (and consumers) and thousands of companies now subject to contracts they voluntary entered into that call for mediation and arbitration of disputes will have those contracts retroactively voided - a legal nightmare!
To the extent there are any valid concerns about ADR and the use of mandatory binding arbitration to address and resolve employment (and other) disputes, and should these concerns warrant Congress taking action, the most appropriate course of legislative action would be to require procedural reforms, not to recklessly dictate that "pre-dispute arbitration" will not be "valid or enforceable."
One option is to look at what CELE, and many other informed professionals in the field, commonly consider the elements of an effective ADR program, and incorporate these concepts, as appropriate, into a bill as ADR "safeguards."
The following are common components of model Alternative Dispute Resolution in employment programs. With ADR - like most employment policies - "one size" does not fit all. Employers typically and appropriately tailor their ADR programs to their own company's needs, priorities, and employee relations culture.
Nonetheless, some common elements of ADR-in-employment programs are:
(1) An "open door" policy for employees to bring concerns to their supervisors and managers;
(2) Designation of a company executive to serve as a confidential advisor - or "ombudsman" - should employees not want to bring a concern to their direct supervisors or managers. Ideally, the designated advisor should have some background and training in human resources and/or dispute resolution, should be available at a designated "employee hotline" telephone number, and should have credibility with employees as a fair and reasonable person;
(3) Informal mediations should be used to address concerns before they grow into problems;
(4) Peer review panels also can be effective because the participation of co-workers in the process adds credibility to the evaluation and suggested resolution of employee problems;
(5) Management review boards sometimes serve as a "check and balance" to ensure that employees are being treated fairly and consistently;
(6) Binding arbitration is the seminal component of a successful ADR program. The parties avoid litigation - with its inaccessibility, delays, costs, divisiveness, and unpredictability - by achieving internal resolution by a neutral arbitrator which is binding on both parties;
(7) Legal assistance sometimes is offered by employers to their employees as well. If an employee wants legal representation at a mediation or arbitration, employers should permit it. Employers also should consider paying for the employee's legal representation - up to, for example, a $2,500 limit per employee per year;
(8) The use of qualified arbitrators is vital. Typically, ADR programs use independent, professional arbitrators from the American Arbitration Association, Judicial Arbitration & Mediation Services, and/or the National Arbitration Forum;
(9) The maintenance of employee confidentiality, when requested by the employee, is critically important. Employees have to trust the ADR program to use it, and company misuse undermines the program's credibility, decreases its use, and thereby helps defeat its purpose; and
(10) A "no-retaliation" policy is helpful in this regard. Employees should know and expect that their forwarding of a complaint will not result in retaliation, and that managers who do retaliate will be disciplined.
These are the types of safeguards which the CELE, and Jackson Lewis, recommend to employers to enhance their ADR programs and to ensure employee acceptance and cooperation.
What would be most appropriate would be legislation that would provide incentives (such as tax credits) to employers to voluntarily implement ADR programs with the type of safeguards and "best practices" listed above.
What would be least appropriate would be legislation, such as S. 1782, that would impose a death penalty on ADR as an employment practice.
VI. Who Loses If S. 1782 Is Enacted
If the "Arbitration Fairness Act of 2007" were enacted, the sun would still come up.
However, for millions of Americans, their lives would be worse:
(1) Consumers - There would be more legal costs, more frivolous and marginal litigation,15 a greater potential for legal extortion of employers who terminate even the most deserving employees, and credit deadbeats who intentionally leave 1K balances on multiple credit cards because they believe they are unlikely to be pursued for 1K because it would be irrational and cost-prohibitive. As a consequence, the costs of products and services will be higher. Consumers would lose because companies would have much higher costs and be forced into more litigation;
(2) Consumers (again) - Consumers would be less likely to get their grievances addressed once they are denied the option of arbitration because most plaintiffs' attorneys are unlikely to accept litigation with only a modest expectation of damages;
(3) Employees - Due to the increased level of costly litigation, and the increased "surrender" of some employers to frivolous or marginal claims in the name of litigation-cost avoidance,16 S. 1782 would cost money and detract from employers' profitability, cost jobs, negatively affect stock prices and profit sharing, detract from possible salary and benefit increases, and/or curtail expansion/capital investment. For some companies, especially smaller businesses, enough increased litigation - the abolition of arbitration of employment disputes would substantially increase litigation - could impact their viability as a business entity (i.e., cause bankruptcies);
(4) Employees (again) - No mediation or arbitration means less accessibility to the legal process, fewer issues being addressed, less likelihood of meaningful redress/correction/improvement, more likelihood of the employment relationship being terminated, less communication/input into workplace policies and practices, more confrontations if they do pursue their claims in litigation; and - bottom line - worse workplaces;
(5) Employers - More cost, more litigation, more confrontation, less timely identification of workplace problems, less opportunity for early intervention, more turnover, worse employee relations, destruction of ADR systems that have been long-standing and well-accepted - and that work well. The costs - both in human and financial resources - would be enormous;
(6) The Court System - More litigation, more backlog, more delays, less resolution, dismemberment of an alternative legal process that promotes timely and less acrimonious resolution and reduces the ever-growing pressure on our judicial system. If arbitration were effectively banned, most of those claims would never be addressed, but many would shift to the court system - a burden which no one, save the plaintiffs' bar, could afford or would appreciate;
(7) Deserving Plaintiffs - Nothing prevents an individual from pursuing his or her claims of employment discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, comparable state or local agencies, or in court. Even when subject to mandatory binding arbitration agreements, that right cannot be waived before or after the ADR process has been exhausted. However, without the possibility of mediation and arbitration, the courts would get further clogged, the delays would increase, the period from time of filing to time of decision would be lengthened, and the entire process would work less efficiently, less effectively, and fairly - even for the most deserving plaintiffs
(8) Taxpayers - Substantially more of a burden on our court system would require more judges, more staff, more facilities, more cost. From where? From us; and
(9) The Interests of Justice - As mentioned above, the maxim "justice delayed is justice denied" would be underscored. No quick and painless resolutions in ADR programs. No resolution at all in most cases. Resolution in a much longer time period through litigation, no matter how deserving, and more delays, confrontation, disruption of the employment relationship, uncertainty, and investment of time and resources. Is the destruction of ADR really in employees' interests? No, it is not.
VII. Who Wins If S. 1782 Is Enacted?
The obvious answer is: the plaintiffs' bar.
The American Association for Justice, formerly the American Trial Lawyers Association, hates arbitration - less litigation, less confrontation, less likelihood of runaway juries (multimillion-dollar verdicts for hot-coffee cases - resulting in a country full of people drinking luke-warm coffee), less of a weapon with which to intimidate the employer community, less damages, and - most of all - less attorneys' fees.
They claim everyone deserves "their day in court." Do they? I am not so sure (those who misuse and abuse the judicial process, those who use it for legal extortion, those who take a "lotto" mentality to litigation) - but I am sure that, in the employment context, individuals retain that option regardless, and no ADR program can abridge those rights.
So the "trial lawyers" (plaintiffs' lawyers) would win if S. 1782 became law - a bigger pool of potential plaintiffs, less harmony in the workplace, more former employees (rather than current employees) with issues, more opportunities for one-third-plus-expenses of the verdict or settlement.
Who else wins? Undeserving employees. Undeserving consumers. People whose cases would be undeserving in the context of a fair, relatively quick, relatively inexpensive, and more predictable forum (certified arbitrators are more rational, more familiar with the law, and more experiences than any jury), but whose cases - thrust upon the court system - may be worth a "nuisance settlement."
All the rest of us? We lose. S. 1782 - and the betrayal and abandonment of ADR it represents - would be bad public policy and harmful to American justice and American society.
VIII. Supporters of ADR
(A) The Judiciary Favors ADR
There can be no doubt that employment cases create an unnecessary strain on the limited resources of our judicial system. Private employment suits grew at an astronomical rate in the 1990s. In January of 1999, the Bureau of Justice Statistic published a study showing that from 1990 through 1998, private employment-related civil rights cases nearly tripled.17 Private employment-related complaints accounted for approximately 65 percent of the overall increase in cases that flooded the U.S. District Courts in this period.18
The torrent of employment-related lawsuits coupled with the delays in case processing evinced a need for more effective case management. Arbitration is well-suited to meet this need.
The federal judiciary and Congress agreed. In response to this explosive growth in employment litigation, the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 199819 was passed and signed into law in October 1999 to promote the use of ADR in the federal court system. This law mandates U.S. District Courts to establish their own ADR programs and authorizes the use of at least one form of ADR.
Additionally, Recommendation 39 of the Long Range Plan for the Federal Courts20 encourages U.S. District Courts to "make available a variety of alternative dispute resolution techniques, procedures, and resources to assist in achieving a just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of civil litigation."21 Clearly, the intent of promoting ADR methods within the court system is to lighten the federal court docket.
S. 1782 stands in opposition to this worthwhile goal. S. 1782 would prohibit hundreds of thousands of arbitrations of employment and consumer disputes and transfer many of them to our courts, leaving litigation as the only resort - if obtainable - and exacerbating an already clogged and overburdened court system.
(B) Practicing Lawyers Favor ADR
A 2006 survey by the American Bar Association ("ABA") of the membership of the
General Practice and Solo and Small Firm Division of the ABA found that 86.2 percent felt that "their clients' best interests are sometimes best served by offering ADR solutions," and nearly two-thirds (63.2 percent) thought that "offering clients ADR solutions is an ethical obligation as a practitioner."22 Nearly two-thirds (66.2 percent) also predicted that "ADR use will increase in the future."23
(C) Employees Favor ADR
It is hard to recognize just who needs to be "protected" when it comes to ADR in employment... not employers, who increasingly are using ADR programs, and enthusiastically so 24... and not employees - a public opinion poll found that 83 percent of employees favor arbitration.25
(D) Parties to Arbitration Favor ADR
In a survey of more than 600 adults who had participated in binding arbitration, more than 70 percent were satisfied with the fairness of the process and the outcome, including many who had lost their arbitrations. Arbitration was viewed as faster (74 percent), simpler (63 percent), and cheaper (51 percent) than going to court, and two-thirds (66 percent) said they would be likely to use arbitration again (48 percent said they were extremely likely to use arbitration again).26
In addition, as discussed in the next section of this testimony, the Federal Government favors ADR as well.
IX. Our Well-Established National Labor Policy Strongly Supports the Use of
Arbitration Agreements in Employee Relations
It is clear that Congress's intent in enacting the Federal Arbitration Act was to encourage the use of arbitration.27 Since its enactment in 1925,28 and codification in 1947,29 the use of arbitration in the private and public sectors has flourished.
A number of recent legislative and executive branch initiatives have reaffirmed our nation's commitment to, and acceptance of, ADR. Such measures include the Civil Rights Act of 1991 ("CRA"),30 in which Congress specifically endorsed the arbitration of Title VII31 cases. Section 118 of the CRA provides that "where appropriate and to the extent authorized by law, the use of alternative dispute resolution, including... arbitration, is encouraged to resolve disputes arising under [Title VII]."32 Additionally, the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act ("ADRA") - passed in 1990 and subsequently amended and permanently reauthorized in 1996, and amended again in 1998 - mandates that federal agencies create internal ADR programs. The 1998 amended ADRA33 requires each U.S. District Court to adopt local rules regarding the use of ADR. The ADRA's Findings and Declaration of Policy notes that:
Alternative dispute resolution, when supported by the bench and bar, and utilizing properly trained neutrals in a program adequately administered by the court, has the potential to provide a variety of benefits, including greater satisfaction of the parties, innovative methods of resolving disputes, and greater efficiency in achieving settlements.34
Additionally, many government agencies have implemented ADR programs governing their own employees. The United States Department of Agriculture's ADR program, for example, has an overall resolution rate of 82 percent, and the time from request for ADR to actual mediation averages 24 days.35 The Federal Election Commission resolved all 26
employee complaints brought to the agency's Equal Employment Opportunity director in a recent three-year period.36 Other government agencies to benefit from ADR programs include the Department of Labor, Department of Treasury, United States Mint, Army Corps of Engineers, Navy, Air Force, Postal Service, Department of State, and Department of Veterans Affairs.
That the federal government is so widely committed to the use of ADR for its own employees emphatically underscores the appropriateness of ADR use in private-sector employment.
X. Conclusion
Alternative Dispute Resolution is a positive, necessary, and highly appropriate component of our judicial system. ADR is increasing in use, and the need for ADR is increasing as well. Mandatory binding arbitration in employment is entrenched as a useful, fair, and productive fixture on our American employment landscape. It is both pro-employer and pro-employee. As discussed earlier, employees are more likely to have their employment issues addressed by their increased accessibility to arbitration vis-à-vis litigation, and are more likely to prevail and to receive higher median awards in employment arbitration than in employment litigation.
To abandon this practice, to suddenly and retroactively render its use void and unenforceable, as S. 1782 would do, would have far-reaching and disastrous impacts on American jurisprudence and American society.
S. 1782 is a mandatory litigation bill. That is not the way to go.
On behalf of the Council for Employment Law Equity, and the employer community at large, I respectfully urge you to preserve the rights of employers and employees to engage in Alternative Dispute Resolution, and to support the necessary and appropriate practice of mandatory binding arbitration in employment.
I thank you for the opportunity to express our view here today, and I would welcome any questions which you may have and the opportunity to work together to help ensure that there is - and continues to be - fairness in arbitration in America.
1 Section (4)(b)(1) of S. 1782 - "Validity and enforceability."
2 The Federal Arbitration Act (Chapter 1, Title 9, United States Code) was enacted by Congress in 1925 to promote arbitration as an alternative to litigation, and to "avoid the expense and delay of litigation" S. Rep. No. 68-536, at 3 (1924).
3 For example, the average time to resolve civil cases in state courts was 24.2 months in 2001, according to the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Trial Cases and Verdicts in Large Counties, 2001 at 8, available at
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ctcvlcoi.pdf. The backlog and delay in the federal courts for civil cases is even greater. In fiscal year 2006 alone, 259,000 civil cases were filed in U.S. District Courts, continuing the dramatic trend upwards. Fiscal Year 2006 Caseloads Remain at High Levels, THE THIRD BRANCH: NEWSLETTER OF THE FEDERAL COURTS (March 2007), available at http://www.uscourts.gov/ttb/2007-03/fiscal/index/html.
4 The median award for employees who prevail in arbitration and in court are very similar - $63,120 for arbitrations and $68,737 for trials. See Theodore Eisenberg and Elizabeth Hill, Employment Arbitration and Litigation: An Empirical Comparison, 2003 Pub. H. & Legal Theory Res. Paper Series 1, 14 available at
http://papers.ssfm.com/co13/papers.crm?abstract_id=389780. In fact, given that in all but the relatively few pro se cases, the employee must subtract attorneys' fees and costs from his or her award in litigation, most employees in employment arbitrations actually fare much better financially than in court.
5 In fact, based on my legal practice of 28 years and experience as a senior Partner at a major law firm, I have absolutely no doubt that arbitrators are, in general, much more consistently and predictably neutral and balanced than judges are. Is there a difference between a Reagan-appointed judge and a Clinton-appointed judge? Yes, there is. The range of judicial philosophies is even greater at the state level. Going to court is the real crap shoot; going to arbitration is much more likely to achieve a fair and unbiased resolution.
6 See Theodore Eisenberg, supra, note 4.
7 See id.
8 See id.
9 This is further confirmed by research by the National Workrights Institute which found that, consistent with the Eisenberg study supra, note 4, employment arbitration provides higher median awards than employment litigation - $100,000for arbitration; $95,554 for litigation. Employment Arbitration: What Does the Data Show? The National Workrights Institute, available at http://www.workrights.org/current/cd-arbitration.html.
10 The minimum damages required to sustain employment litigation is $75,000, according to the National
Workrights Institute. See id. In fact, the NWI found that in those cases with a stated demand, the majority (54 percent) were for a stated demand that was less than $75,000. More than a quarter involved demands for less than $25,000. Lewis L. Maltby, Arbitrating Employment Disputes: The Promise and the Peril in Arbitration and Employment Disputes, 530. (Daniel P. O'Meara ed., 2005). The bottom line is that more than twice as manyemployees can access the arbitration system than can access the court system because of the dollar threshold of their claims alone.
11 One study found that arbitrations lasted an average of 116 days, with a median of 104 days. Kirk D. Jensen, Summaries of Empirical Studies and Survey Regarding How Individuals Fare in Arbitration, 60 CONSUMER FIN. L. Q. REP. 631 (2006), citing California Dispute Resolution Institute, Consumer and Employment Arbitration in California: A Review o Website Posted Data Pursuant to Section 1281.96 of the Code of Civil Procedure, (August 2004), available at http://www.mediate.com/cdril/cdri_print_Aug_6.pdf. By contrast, the lifespan of an average employment case, according to the Federal Judiciary Center, is almost two years (679.5 days) from the time of filing until the date of resolution. Evan J. Spelfogel, Pre-Dispute ADR Agreements Can Protect Rights of Parties and Reduce Burden on Judicial System, 71 New York State Bar Journal No. 7, 22 (1999).
12 One study found that civil cases lasted between two-and-a-half and eight years to resolve depending on the nature of the case and the jurisdiction involved. Evaluating and Using Employer Instituted Arbitration Rules and Agreements in Employment Discrimination and Civil Rights Actions in Federal and State Courts (ADLI-ABA Course of Study, April 28-30) 875, 894 (1994). The backlog in the federal courts is significant - 23,000 cases had been pending in U.S. District Courts for two-to-three years in 2006, and another 50,000 had been pending between one and two years, and this does not, of course, include appeals and remands. U.S. District Courts: Civil Cases Pending by Length of Time Pending tbl.4.11, available at http://www.uscourts.gov/judicialfactsfigures/2006/Table411.pdf.
13 In 2002, the American Arbitration Association alone handled more than 200,000 arbitrations. Deborah R.
Hensler, Our Courts, Ourselves: How the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement is Re-Shaping Our Legal System, 108 PENN. ST. L. REV. 165, 167 n. 11 (2003) (citing data from 2002). If S.1782 becomes law, the overwhelming majority of arbitrations currently being conducted in the United States would not occur. Many of these would be foisted on our court system. Just the AAA arbitrations - 200,000 - represent nearly 80 percent of the 259,000 cases filed in U.S. District Courts in 2006. If only 20 percent of these were litigated, that's 40,000 more civil court cases (and 160,000 individuals left out in the cold with no legal recourse).
14 A survey of the plaintiffs' bar found that they agree to provide representation to only five percent of the individuals who seek out their help. In addition, plaintiffs' attorneys require a minimum of $60,000 provable damages, commonly request a retainer up front, and typically require a payment of a contingency fee of between 33 and 40 percent. Elizabeth Hill, Due Process at Low Cost: An Empirical Study of Employment Arbitration under the Auspices of the American Arbitration Association, 18 OHIO ST. J. ON DISP. RESOL. 777 (2003). Therefore, the door is slammed shut on 95 percent of potential plaintiffs in litigation. In arbitration, that number is virtually zero.
15 For example, would companies, facing credit card defaults, litigate $500 claims? $1,500 claims? $3,000 claims? Would not the costs of litigation make contesting such credit defaults prohibitive? Would not some plaintiffs' attorneys file assembly-line complaints for every aggrieved individual who had his or her employment terminated? Why not? - Let's collect my "good-bye present" - $5,000 or $10,000 or $15,000 going out the door because some small business cannot afford the costs and time of litigation, or the potential exposure.
16 Given the costs of litigation, many times a "win" is not a win. Typically, it can cost an employer $250,000 to litigate an employment claim to decision.
17 Marika F.X. Litras, "Civil Rights Complaints in U.S. District Court, 1990-98" (NCJ-173427). Employment discrimination cases increased from 8,413 filings in 1990 to 23,735 in 1998.
18 See id.
19 Pub. L. No. 105-315.
20 See New Law Authorizes ADR in All District Courts, THE THIRD BRANCH, published and available at
21 See id.
22 ADR Preference and Wage Report, National Arbitration Forum, 2006 (data collected by Surveys and Ballots Inc. Available at http://www.adrforum.com/users/naf/resources/GPSoloADRPreferenceandusage report.pdf).
23 See id.
24 In a survey of more than 530 corporations in the Fortune 1000, more than 23 percent of respondents reported that they use ADR for non-union dispute resolution. Lipsky, Dawd and R. Seeber, The Use of ADR in U.S. Corporations: Executive Summary (1997). The survey was conducted by Price Waterhouse and Cornell University's PERC Institute on Conflict Resolution. Obviously, the percentage has gone up since then.
25 See Princeton Survey Research Associates, Worker Representation and Participation Survey Focus Group Report, Princeton, NJ (April 1994).
26 Arbitration: Simpler, Cheaper, and Faster than Litigation, U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform (2005)
(survey conducted by Harris Interactive) (www.instituteforlegalreform.org/resources/arbitrationstudy/final.pdf).
27 See, e.g., Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20,24 (1991) ("[the FAA's] purpose was to reverse the long-standing judicial hostility to arbitration agreements... and to place arbitration agreements upon the same footing as other contracts."
28 43 Stat. 883.
30 Pub. L. No. 102-166.
31 42 U.S.C. §§2000e et seq.
32 105 Stat. at 1081, reprinted in notes to 42 U.S.C. § 1981.
33 Pub. L. No. 105-315.
34 Pub. L. No. 105-315, §2(1).
35 John Ford, Workplace ADR: Facts and Figures from the Federal Sector, published at http://www.conflictresolution.
36 See id.


text:
. 149+ acres in acclaimed Aledo ISD. 5. 5 miles to 820, 8 miles to I-20. Beautiful topography, 1 pond More info |
. Vacant Lot zoned for R-3 multi-family 4-plex or duplex buyer to verify any or all plans with city. More info |
. This gorgeous lot is over half acre and is the last lot available in Ridglea Country Club Estates a More info |
. Luxury living at Montserrat! Make it all go away in this nestled subdivision with 24 hour guarded s More info |
. 3. 3 Wooded-Prime Acres Plus 2600 sq. ft Custom built house with 500sq. garage Built in 2004. Land More info |
. Oversized Corner Lot! 145ft frontage on Dorothy Lane and 80+ feet on Lenox Drive allows for an abun More info |
. One of the last lots available in the neighborhood! Come build your dream home! Buyer to verify all More info |
. Corner residential lot. High end custom built homes in area. Nice homes through neighborhood. Close More info |
. Awesome lot, great loacation, over an acre. Perfect to build a home or great loaction for your busi More info |
. SOME MINERALS TO CONVEY WITH SALE!! Currently under production. MOTIVATED SELLER SAYS BRING ANY AND More info |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lionel Gaffen
Qiryat Shmona - Israel
Lionel Gaffen
Member Since: 01/26/2013
I've been involved with photography for more than fifty years, and cut my teeth in the theater, where I did the photography for a theater group for about seventeen years in my original home of Montreal, Canada.
During the past thirty or so years, after moving to Israel, I became more and more involved with both travel and sports photography.
I've had a few exhibitions over the years, with two of them taking place in Canada, one in Montreal, and another as part of a travelling exhibition across Canada, on travel in Israel.
For more than a dozen years, I was a freelance photojournalist for a major newspaper, with sports photography as my metier, to go with my articles, and have also had photos published in a variety of magazines and books over the years, and did the photography for a step by step how-to book for a martial arts program.


text:
New Projects - Fresh from the Labs
This month, I'm covering projects I've wanted to showcase but have held off on due to space constraints. CountBeats is a cracker of a little application—it's simple, yet it covers such a need for so many musicians, so I'm proud to give it top billing here. To quote the README file:
This is a simple little program designed to help you determine the speed of a piece of music on the radio or on a CD.
To use it, just invoke the program from the command line. You'll be presented with a screen describing the program, a time-bar, and a few buttons. Most should be self-explanatory. Just start tapping the spacebar in time to the music...the tempo bar will update and show how many beats per second are being played.
First, there is a library you probably won't have installed: Tkinter. This was under the package name python-tk on my system, but it's worth looking in your local package manager for yours. The only other requirement seems to be a working version of Python 2.x onward.
Otherwise, installing this thing is a walk in the park. Simply download the 1K (!) tarball from the Web site, extract it, and open a terminal in the new folder. From here, run CountBeats simply by entering:
$ ./countbeats
The README file did a pretty good job of explaining how it all works, but I can expand on it a little further. As soon as you have a song for which you want to find the BPM rate, start the program and press the spacebar in time with the music. The more times you do this, the more accurate the rating will be, so stick with it for a good minute or two. If you want to clear away previous readings and start again (perhaps when another song comes on), click Clear at the bottom-left corner.
Given the cumbersome nature of a spacebar, it's generally best if you track a song's quarter notes, as eighths or sixteenths may track a bit inaccurately. If you know your way around Python syntax (which I don't), you may want to change the key to something like Ctrl for faster music.
That small niggle aside, this is an invaluable tool for musicians. Many times I've been working on a project and forgotten to note what tempo a song was in, making tracking a nightmare at times. DJ-remixing types probably will use this most of all, as they can use it to gauge the speed of whatever songs they're piecing together and work out which samples will be compatible with each other. All in all, this is a brilliant tool that is simple to use and install, and it probably takes the prize for smallest file size of any project I've covered!
If you like minimalism and are chasing a tuning reference for your acoustic guitar, this may well be the project for you. I especially meant that minimalism part—the only info I could find on the project's Freshmeat entry was the following: "wxGuitar is a useful application that will easily help the novice guitarist to faster (and better) tune the guitar." And, that's pretty much it—that's all the information I can find anywhere on the Net. But, maybe I can illuminate things a little here.
I couldn't find an actual home page for wxGuitar, so you have to make do with the files provided on the (brief) Freshmeat page. Source is provided, along with Debian and Gentoo packages. As far as libraries go, the INSTALL file says you'll need wxWidgets >= 2.8.10 (I had to install libwxbase2.8-dev), along with alsa-utils, including aplay. If you're running with the source, once you have the needed libraries, grab the latest tarball, extract it, and open a terminal in the new folder. Enter the following commands to compile wxGuitar:
$ ./configure $ make
If your distro supports sudo:
$ sudo make install
If not:
$ su # make install
Once wxGuitar is installed, you may have it in your system's menu, or you can run it with the command:
$ wxGuitar
When you're inside the main screen, I think you'll find it rather straightforward. wxGuitar is very basic. Turn your speakers on and press any of the buttons on the left to play the corresponding note. The notes start from the highest note E string and go down to the lowest note E string. The second button is curiously marked H, but unless there's some kind of unique Eastern European scale I don't know about, logic dictates that should be a B string.
Press the button on the left for each string's note, and play the corresponding string on your own guitar as you fine-tune it. If you look on the bottom-left corner, there's a repeat option that will be set to every three seconds by default, which can be made longer or shorter if you so desire.
That's pretty much all there is to it. wxGuitar may not be complex (and if you're looking for a sophisticated tuning recognition program, you should look elsewhere), but if you want a minimalist program to tune by ear, this is probably for you.
John Knight is the New Projects columnist for Linux Journal.
Linux has become a key foundation for supporting today's rapidly growing IT environments. Linux is being used to deploy business applications and databases, trading on its reputation as a low-cost operating environment. For many IT organizations, Linux is a mainstay for deploying Web servers and has evolved from handling basic file, print, and utility workloads to running mission-critical applications and databases, physically, virtually, and in the cloud. As Linux grows in importance in terms of value to the business, managing Linux environments to high standards of service quality — availability, security, and performance — becomes an essential requirement for business success.
Sponsored by Red Hat
If you already use virtualized infrastructure, you are well on your way to leveraging the power of the cloud. Virtualization offers the promise of limitless resources, but how do you manage that scalability when your DevOps team doesn't scale? In today's hypercompetitive markets, fast results can make a difference between leading the pack vs. obsolescence. Organizations need more benefits from cloud computing than just raw resources. They need agility, flexibility, convenience, ROI, and control.
Stackato private Platform-as-a-Service technology from ActiveState extends your private cloud infrastructure by creating a private PaaS to provide on-demand availability, flexibility, control, and ultimately, faster time-to-market for your enterprise.
Sponsored by ActiveState
Alice, the Turtle of the Modern Age | Mar 07, 2014 |
Using Django and MongoDB to Build a Blog | Mar 05, 2014 |
What virtualization solution do you use/manage at work? | Mar 04, 2014 |
Our Assignment | Mar 04, 2014 |
March 2014 Issue of Linux Journal: 20 Years of Linux Journal | Mar 03, 2014 |
Have Resume - Will Travel | Feb 28, 2014 |
- You have to be careful there
1 week 5 days ago - Wonder when LJ is going to
1 week 5 days ago - Puerto Rico Free Software
1 week 6 days ago - Wepaa!!
2 weeks 1 day ago - I hate voice commands
2 weeks 1 day ago - usabilty --- AGAIN with this nonsense
2 weeks 1 day ago - Don't make excuses
2 weeks 2 days ago - Sorry to let you know, but
2 weeks 2 days ago - Ridiculous statement. Not a
2 weeks 2 days ago - Dragon
2 weeks 3 days ago
Win a Pack of Swag!
We're giving away one of these super cool Silicon Mechanics swag packs every day in March, courtesy of Silicon Mechanics.
Come back every day and enter to increase your chances of winning.
Featured Jobs
Linux Systems Administrator | Houston and Austin, Texas | Host Gator |
Senior Perl Developer | Austin, Texas | Host Gator |
Technical Support Rep | Houston and Austin, Texas | Host Gator |
UX Designer | Austin, Texas | Host Gator |
Web & UI Developer (JavaScript & j Query) | Austin, Texas | Host Gator |


text:
take advantage of the better than black Friday sale yesterday? I went use some of my GC! Its going on Saturday too! And they annouced blue light specials for this Saturday&Sunday! So I'm going to another Kmart later after I visit a friend in the hospital! So once I get the rest of my items I will share what I got using my GC from the Influencer program! BTW I got the idea for my gifts from this group!! LOL Can't wait to shop some more&share what I got! oh yes they did have some deals!
Thanks ladies&CM team!
We can't wait to hear what all you get. Please do share with us.
My husband got jeans yesterday for the deal of the day. He was pretty excited!


text:
How do I write an if statement that when true, runs two actions?
if (NumericField1.rawValue > 0)
xfa.resolveNode("#pageSet.Page1.Image1").presence = "visible" + Rectangle1.presence = "visible";
Well, the problem is you're trying to control objects on the body page and a masterpage at once.
This is generally not so simple to accomplish.
I changed your form a bit.
The paperclip image and the numeric field now monitor the valur of the numeric field and change the wanted property if the value is larger than 0.
Script for the paperclip (wrapped in a subform)
form1.Page.#subform[0].NumericField1::ready:layout - (JavaScript, client)
this.ui.numericEdit.border.fill.color.value = this.rawValue > 0 ? "255,255,153" : "255,255,255";
Script for the numeric field
form1.#pageSet[0].Page1.Clip::ready:layout - (JavaScript, client)
this.presence = xfa.resolveNode("Page.#subform.NumericField1").rawValue > 0 ? "visible" : "hidden";
Script for the remove button
form1.Page.#subform[0].Button3::click - (JavaScript, client)
var myDoc = event.target;
var sFile = ListBox1.getDisplayItem(ListBox1.selectedIndex);
try {
if (sFile !== "") {
var nResponse = xfa.host.messageBox("You are about to delete the highlighted attachment. \n\nDo you want to continue?", "Deleting an Attachment", 1, 2);
if (nResponse == 4) {
myDoc.removeDataObject(sFile) + ListBox1.deleteItem(ListBox1.selectedIndex) + (NumericField1.rawValue = NumericField1.rawValue - 1);
} else {
xfa.host.messageBox("No document selected.");
} catch (e) {
xfa.host.messageBox("Error in removing document");
Now that I see the correct answer I know I never would have figured this out. Your form works great! This is why I was trying to close the pane that contains the paperclip so users would only use this interface. Thank you so much for all your help with this. I really appreciate your time and sharing your expertise.
Have a great day!


text: Tenpoint Phantom crossbow. A blockbuster since its inception in 2007, the Phantom CLS-S produces a shot so smooth, quiet, and vibration free, it is difficult to believe it delivers its payload at a blazing 345 FPS. The perfect synergy of premium looks, performance, and power. Also Included: •TenPoint's RangeMaster Pro Scope mounted on a machined aluminum 7/8-inch Fixed Dovetail Mount. •Patented ACUdraw cocking mechanism. •Deluxe 4-Arrow HX Quiver with quick disconnect lever. •Ambidextrous Side-Mount Quiver Bracket •Three-pack of TenPoint Pro Elite carbon fiber arrows with practice points. •TenPoint's exclusive BowJax crossbow Noise Dampening Kit. •GripGuard safety shield. •TenPoint Staff Shooter Field Cap. •TenPoint vehicle window sticker. *All bows are weighed without accessories - ACUdraw 50 weight = 12 oz., ACUdraw weight = 1 lb. 3 oz., RangeMaster Pro Scope = 13.25 oz. & 3x Pro-View 2 Scope = 10.95 oz. Draw Wt. 185 Length 38.5" Width 13" Weight 7lb. 13oz. FPS 364 (w/370-grain Pro Lite Arrow FPS 345 (w/425-grain Pro Elite Arrow) FPS 312 (w/545-grain FMJ Arrow) Foot lbs of KE 109 (w/370-grain Pro Lite Arrow) Foot lbs of KE 113 (w/425-grain Pro Elite Arrow) Foot lbs of KE 117 (w/545-grain FMJ Arrow)


text:
Hosted at videa.hu This video is provided and hosted from a 3rd party server. Our search functionality is helping you discover publicly available websites & their content. Footytube as a search engine does not host or upload this material and is not responsible for the content.
Community Opinion & Comments
How did the teams perform?
Share your thoughts
Page 1 of 3
Poor? He has never got a chance this season under Louis Van Gaal. Maybe he will be back next season still in the Bayern Munich shirt...
^ what he said, van gaal would always sub him in in the 85th minute as if that would do the player any f*****g good
Whatever he does that does not make him less of an efficient coach. So what your point and problem Nerazzurri84?
germany is deadly. tis like they can score whenever they want. i thought ozil was great in this game
this is true... think about it lol, almost all their games end 4-0 lool instead of going 2 up and holding they go 4 up
Ozil was fantastical in the game--2 Assists, and a couple of nice crosses =D. And Lahm; Lahm is just that defender. Lahm is a class ass defender. That captain armband is well deserved.
dead on ballacks time is over he might get back on the team now and again but not as captain germany have moved on
Muller is such an intelligent player. I wish Arsenal would of had signed him instead of Bendtner. I also maintain that had he not been banned for the semi final against Spain, we would of seen a different team lift the world cup.
Really is a toss up between Netherlands, Germany and Spain as the pre tournament favourites. Going on current form I'd have to rank them so far as..
1. Germany
2. Netherlands
3. Spain
Then again, a lot can happen in 1year+.
Really is a toss up between Netherlands, Germany and Spain as the pre tournament favourites. Going on current form I'd have to rank them so far as..
1. Germany
2. Netherlands
3. Spain
Then again, a lot can happen in 1year+.
I'm with you. Even though Spain won the WC, they haven't been nearly as dominant since Aragones left.
Have to agree Borg. I love the Dutch team but they always seem to flatter to deceive when it comes down to progressing after they have hit maximum points in the early group stages. Once it starts to get to the knockout phase they always seem to blip. Having said that, Spain were exactly the same before the last WC and Euros...and look what happened. Here's hoping for a Netherlands v Germany final, what a final that would be!
Im really not a fan of Gomes in national games. He usually plays poorly and when he comes on Ozil has to play on the left wing which makes him less influential aswell. Its basically a loose loose situation. Im psyched about Gotze though, he had a great impact, really talented kid this one.
- 1 vote
- 1 vote
- 37 votes
- 4 votes
4 - 0
M. Klose(4)
T. MĂĽller(25)
T. MĂĽller(44)
M. Klose(88)
T. MĂĽller(25)
T. MĂĽller(44)
M. Klose(88)
F. Irismetov (25)


text:
Went to Lincoln City March 2nd and on the way I stopped at Depoe Bay. This guy/gal was just resting on the rocks below the bridge into the harbor.
Adorable Harbor Seal at Depoe Bay
This story is inappropriate and should be flagged for moderation. Please choose from one of the following options:


text:
Rubina, Avinash, Sharad and Keerti
Rubina, Avinash, Sharad and Keerti
Courtesy: Rubina Dilaik
Popular Search Terms: avi n rubina videos
Please Note: Images may have been watermarked to prevent other sites from hotlinking or scraping.
Join India Forums for free to comment on this story. Have an account already?
Use Quick Login to comment.
View: 19585 Comments: 23
Celebrity : Keerti Gaekwad Kelkar , Sharad Kelkar , Avinash Sachdev , Rubina Dilaik
Forum Code
HTML Embed Code
nice to them with Friend!!!
Lv u avi Lv u avi Lv u avi Lv u avi Lv u avi Lv u avi Lv u avi Lv u avi ...
Avinash Rubina all the best for your new business but plz come onscreen we are dying to see you dear
love you lots
Avinash Avinash Avinash Avinash the best actor ever come back soon
Hi Avinash enjoying your time off with friends good idea
Hi! Avi, waiting for your new show with Rubina.
having fun with friends ---enjoy love u all esp. avina
Great shot! Lucky are those who surrounded by true friends.
Cool pic! Enjoy to the fullest guys!


text:
i would fish smaller and slower. small shiners or leaches around 2" so that you are kinda matching the hatch. ive seen guys using mayfly nymph imitations with success. personally i like a black 2in curly tail and as light of a lead head i can get away with. also fish the shiners or leaches on a slip bobber rig around 2ft from the bottom. when the walleyes are on bugs you have to fish slow they don't want to chase down their prey when they can just leisurely pick them off.
Try using the smallest spinner blades in copper brass and gold on a 4 foot leader with a #6 tru-turn hook and a piece of crawler. This works well!
Joe LM 03


text:
AT&T Trawls Twitter for Customer Gripes
Irked with your AT&T service? Dead spots in your home? Lost a call on your iPhone for the umpteenth time? Now you don't have to spend hours on hold calling it in -- just tweet it, and Ma Bell will pick up.
Irked with your AT&T service? Dead spots in your home? Lost a call on your iPhone for the umpteenth time? No need to call customer service. Just tweet your gripe.
AT&T is using software to mine Twitter-based bashing of the company. A two-tiered filtration process pulls any tweets mentioning AT&T, then further refines those that appear to mention service ("dropped call" or "3G" are two terms it pays attention to). According to Technology Review [2], AT&T says the system pulls up genuine complaints 90% of the time -- and the information registers 20 minutes earlier, on average, than a customer service call.
AT&T then notes the time and location of the tweet, and integrates that information into its databases and uses it to prioritize its maintenance work. So, if you feel your neighborhood has been neglected, you could organize a massive tweet-in with folks in your local café.
And if your tweets aren't public, or if the idea of AT&T mining them creeps you out, there's always the company's iPhone app, Mark the Spot. With the push of a few buttons, you can inform AT&T of your location and the type of problem you're experiencing (dropped calls, slow data, and the like).
With so many different ways to complain, that much maligned service [3] should be improving in no time, right? Not really -- it'll take a little more actual infrastructure to pacify those legions of angry iPhone owners. All the Twitter-mining in the world won't erect new cellphone towers in New York and San Francisco -- but it may at least tell the company exactly where it should build them.
[Images: Flickr user shiyazuni [4]]


text:
Search Result
Search Tags: boulevard brewing company
Beer of the Week: Boulevard Tank 7 Farmhouse Ale
Looking for beer magic? If at first you don't succeed, try, try again!
Friday - 07/06/2012, 09:30am EDT
Tags: Brennan Haselton, Greg Engert, Beer of the Week, Boulevard Brewing Company, beer, Tank 7 Farmhouse Ale


text:
1 April 2005
SCADA, RTU protocols
A large part of any complex SCADA system design is involved with matching the protocol and communication parameters between connecting devices.
There are about 200 such real-time user layer and application protocols. These include both proprietary and non-proprietary protocols, some of which are:
- Allen Bradley DF1,DH, and DH+
- GE Fanuc
- Siemens SINAUT
- Mitsubishi
- Modbus RTU/ASCII
- Omron
- Toshiba
- Westinghouse
Terms and initialismsRTU: Remote terminal unit SCADA: Supervisory control and data acquisition DCS: Distributed control system PLC: Programmable logic controller CPU: Central processing unit |
The industry is now moving away from many of the old and proprietary protocols. These RTU/ PLC protocols are emerging as virtual standards in modern SCADA systems.
Modbus: The point-to-point Modbus protocol has become a virtual standard for RTU and PLC communications. During communication on a Modbus network, the protocol determines how each controller will know device address, recognize a message addressed to it, determine the action to be taken, and extract any information or data attached.
Modbus is a de facto standard in spite of some shortcomings. It cannot, for instance, handle large positive and negative numbers. This has resulted in a number of companies' specific expansions of the protocol, such as Bristol, Daniels, and ENRON. All PLC manufacturers have used the idea behind Modbus—a command set operating on 16 bit registers.
Modbus X : The non-proprietary Modbus X expansion has won favor and now works for a number of companies and utilities. SCADA software suppliers use it too. It fixes the Modbus shortcomings, makes it man readable, and makes it able to handle positive and negative numbers, with up to nine digits of resolution and an exponent range from -99 to +99.
Point protocol, designed to read and write to individual input/output points in PLCs on a factory floor. The Modbus X expansion of the protocol is a universal, non-proprietary expansion, which permits handling large process variables in plain ASCII with sign and exponent, capabilities that are missing in Modbus. With the universal Modbus X expanded protocol, it is no longer necessary to experiment with different proprietary expansions of the protocol.
Distributed network protocol (DNP) : DNP is a member restricted protocol used in some electric power systems. The DNP protocol has gone through various iterations. Presently, it is up to version 3.0. The DNP association has rules, which tend to restrict the use of the protocol, and major SCADA software suppliers have been slow in implementing the protocol.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) : ASCII is the dominating computer protocol. Virtually all computers, printers, and modems and many sensors, actuators, and flow computers now communicate in ASCII.
IEEE 60870 : This protocol works mostly in power transmission and distribution systems. IEC 60870-5-101 is an International Communications Protocol Standard for the Telecontrol of Electric Power transmission systems, which is being widely adopted in many countries throughout the world.
The local area networks/protocols from sensors/field devices to the PLC/RTU and from PLC/RTU to SCADA are:
Sensor networks : These are basic on/off field devices connecting networks.
Fieldbus networks : These connect analog and smart field devices such as valve actuators, pumps, and other field control systems.
Control networks : These are for peer-to-peer connections between control systems such as SCADA/DCS/Analyzer/Safety PLC systems.
Safety buses : These are for deterministic time sensitive safety type device connections.
With these open type industry standard emerging protocols and networks, availability of drivers and programming software can exist from many, if not all, SCADA system vendors.
Nicholas Sheble (firstname.lastname@example.com) edits the Networking & Communications department. Rao Kalapatapu (firstname.lastname@example.com) is an ISA member and a professional engineer. He designs and installs SCADA, DCS, PLC, and other control systems for oil and gas pipelines and chemical and petrochemical projects. Read his paper SCADA protocols and communication trends at www.isa.org/intech/April2005/NetCommDept.
Return to Previous Page
Read questions answered by our experts or join the email list.


text:
The best music and talk stations
Playlists for any mood or activity
Custom radio by artist or song
New & classic episodes on demand
b. 1959, Supple, Oklahoma, USA. This Christian singer-songwriter has been recording albums since the early 90s, but his ministry work dates back even further. Long resident in Oklahoma, the driving force behind Jernigan's work is the 'conversion' from homosexuality that occurred in his early twenties. Professing his love for Jesus apparently broke his desire for same sex relationships, and by 1983 Jernigan had married a woman and was on his way to siring a large family. He was inspired to start a ministry by his personal experience, and has preached all over the world about his deliverance from his past sins. Whatever the non-Christian population thought of Jernigan's views on homosexuality, and the notion that a person can be cured of his sexual preferences, he has also enjoyed a popular recording career that has included some crossover success on the mainstream American charts. Making his recording debut in 1991 with There's Coming A Day, Jernigan has continued to release a steady stream of well-produced singer-songwriter albums based around his piano playing and sermonising vocals.
Dennis Jernigan
Hymns 1
Here in Your Presence – LIVE f...
Forty Days & Forty Nights Volu...
Kingdom Come
Chris Tomlin
Casting Crowns
Rick Muchow
Micah Stampley
Vanessa Bell Armstrong


text:
Pools Announced For Adelaide |
International - HSBC Sevens World Series |
The pools and match schedule have been announced for the Australian International Rugby Sevens in Adelaide, the sixth leg of the HSBC Sevens World Series. The tournament will be played at the city's historic Adelaide Oval on 2-3 April, one week after the Hong Kong Sevens, with hosts Australia drawn in a tough pool alongside Fiji, USA and Tonga. At the halfway stage in the HSBC Sevens World Series, New Zealand and England are tied on 80 points at the top of the standings. Fiji and Samoa lie just 16 points behind on 64, the most recent Cup champions South Africa are still well in contention on 56 and Australia head the rest of the chasing pack on 36 heading for Hong Kong and Adelaide. Joint Series leaders New Zealand and England head Pools A and B respectively in Adelaide. Eight-time World Series winners New Zealand face matches on day one against Kenya, Wales and the first of the regional qualifiers, Cook Islands. England missed out on the Cup final for the first time this season in Las Vegas and will be looking to kick-start their season in Pool B with opening matches against Argentina, Scotland and Papua New Guinea. USA Sevens runners-up Fiji head Pool C and face three tough matches against host nation Australia, USA and Tonga. Having won the Cup title in Las Vegas, their first since winning in Adelaide in April 2009, South Africa head Pool D. The resurgant Boks face defending Adelaide and World Series champions Samoa as well as France and Japan. "The Adelaide Oval is a special place for the teams to compete, steeped as it is in history and tradition, and the event there also has a habit of illustrating just how competitive Rugby Sevens has become, with Kenya and the USA reaching the Cup final in the last two years," commented IRB Sevens Manager, Beth Coalter. "Interestingly, neither of the two sides currently leading the World Series, New Zealand and England, have ever won there so we can expect more drama and excitement at the Adelaide Oval. The weekend is sure to go a long way towards shaping the Series one week after the events of Hong Kong." |


text:
You are here: Thon Hotels / Hotels / Oslo Airport
(Applies for the current month)
BUDGET Thon Hotel Gardermoen is centrally located at Oslo Airport Gardermoen in Romerike county. The hotel offers reasonable accommodation in modern and functional premises, and a delicious breakfast buffet.
CONFERENCE Thon Hotel Oslo Airport is a modern conference and business hotel, centrally located at Oslo Airport Gardermoen. High standard facilities and professional staff makes the hotel a natural meeting point at Oslo Airport Gardermoen.
Search for available rooms at one of our hotels in Norway, Sweden, Belgium and the Netherlands.
Age 0 years 1 years 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years
Bed selection In parents bed Baby cot Extra bed
Go to cancellation
See our frequently asked questions


text:
Online edition of India's National Newspaper Sunday, July 30, 2006 |
Magazine Published on Sundays |
News Update
Group Sites |
FACE TO FACE Capitalist mind, socialist heart A freewheeling chat with N.R. Narayana Murthy about his company and life after Infosys.
THEATRE Inspired by Shakespeare Adman Alyque Padamsee, who is bringing "Macbeth" to Chennai for The Hindu MetroPlus Theatre Festival, talks of the Bard's works and his efforts to translate them on stage.
CRAFT Passion for prints Brigette Singh came to India 25 years ago and stayed on to revive textile traditions.
ECO-TOURISM Forest interlude The forests of the Achanakmar Sanctuary give the visitor an opportunity to be one with Nature.
PEOPLE Man of steel A peek into the life and times of Lord Swraj Paul.
Tears and triumphs Durga Bai's paintings show a gentle tribal world, increasingly under threat by a dominant culture.
ISSUES An endless wait The tragedy of missing persons in Jammu and Kashmir sees many waiting for some news of their family members.
IN MEMORIAM No more `hammer' blows Remembering Mickey Spillane and his hero Mike Hammer. TRIBUTE Editing Raja Rao It is in English that Raja Rao's fiction most consummately speaks to us.
HEALTHWATCH "Saddle back" fever What is Chikungunya all about? HEALTHWATCH Unseen links Should allergic rhinitis and asthma be treated as one?
EYECATCHER Know India Better Know India Better; Published by One India One People Foundation, Mumbai, R.s 2500.
See the earlier stories Lead | Issues | Essay | Focus | Environment | Cinema | Musings | Columns | Sightings | People | Tribute | Sport | Lifestyle | Health | Books | Literature | Cuisine | Astrology | Urban Edge | |
News: Front Page | National | Tamil Nadu | Andhra Pradesh | Karnataka | Kerala | New Delhi | Other States | International | Opinion | Business | Sport | Miscellaneous | Index | Advts: Classifieds | Jobs | Obituary | Features: Magazine | Literary Review | Life | Metro Plus | Open Page | Education Plus | Book Review | Business | SciTech | Friday Review | Young World | Property Plus | Quest | Folio |
The Hindu Group:
Home | About Us | Copyright | Archives |
Contacts | Subscription
Comments to : email@example.com Copyright © 2006, The Hindu |


text:
Hand-held games consoles: from Pac Man to PS Vita
Page last updated at 16:37 GMT, Wednesday, 22 February 2012
- Technology experts say the PS Vita, which was released on Wednesday, could be the last dedicated hand-held games console. Newsbeat takes a look back at how they have evolved over the years.
- The Atari Touch Me, which was originally an arcade game, was released as a hand-held console in 1978.
- Pac Man was released in 1980 and quickly became one of the most popular arcade games of all time. It was later made into a hand-held games console called Pac Man 2 - because it could be played by two people at the same time.
- Nintendo's Donkey Kong, released in 1982, was one of the first iconic hand-held games devices to capture the public imagination.
- The Arcade Defender was released in 1982. It had a 'speed control' feature (top right) which was used to speed up or slow down game play.
- The Nintendo Game Boy was released in 1989 and quickly became a huge hit around the world. A colour version was released in 1998.
- The Nintendo Game Boy Advance went on sale in 2001. It sold well, but was less popular than the earlier Game Boy models.
- Nintendo launched the DS in 2004. The device featured two screens (DS stands for dual screen), one of which is a touchscreen. A "Lite" version of the DS was released two years later.
- The PlayStation Portable - or PSP for short - was released in 2005. Sony, who manufactured it, said the console has sold more than 75 million units.
- Many smartphone users use their devices to download and play games. Angry Birds, for example, has been downloaded more than 500 million times. It's thought the popularity of smartphone gaming has damaged the sales of hand-held games consoles in recent years.
- Tablet computers have also become a popular gaming platform.
- After the success of the DS and DS Lite, Nintendo launched the 3DS last year. The device's appearance was similar to previous DS models, but the console had capabilities to play 3D games without the use of glasses.
See also
Mobile app streams console games
08 December 11Technology
Sony unveils PSP 2 games console
27 January 11Technology
PlayStation Vita goes on show
22 September 11Technology
Gamers warned over used consoles
12 November 09Technology
Angry Birds launched for PS3, PSP
04 January 11Technology


text:
Industrial Bioprocessing Alert. Generating Electricity via Virus; Food Grade Silicone Antifoams for Beverage Industry; Probiotic Supplement To Promote Women's Health
This issue profiles generating electricity via virus, food grade silicone antifoams for beverage industry, and a probiotic supplement to promote women's health.
Click headings to expand and collapse
Published: 25 May 2012
Features of this research
- Chemicals, Materials & Food Vertical Industry Subscription (Technical Insights)
- Chemicals & Materials - Technical Insights Industry Subscription
- Green Energy
Help Desk
For more information and general enquiries, contact Frost & Sullivan near you.
Select a location near you..


text:
- Tuesday 11 March 2014
- My Account
- Logout
- Register
- Login
Skeleton: Rudman aims to rule world
Thursday 23 February 2012
Shelley Rudman today begins her attempt to add a skeleton world championship medal to her World Cup crown.
Earlier this month Rudman clinched the World Cup title by taking a fifth podium finish in the season's eight races. She finished third in Calgary despite injuring her back in pre-race training. The injury has restricted her preparation for Lake Placid.
"It only needs to hold up for two more days," Rudman said. "A World Championship medal would be the icing on the cake."
The women's event is spread over two days, with two runs per day.
Threat of 'catastrophic cascade of collisions' must be averted, warn scientists
Latest in Sport
Sport blogs
Robin van Persie: Manchester United may have more joy if striker is dropped by David Moyes
Chris Powell sacked: Charlton confirm manager fired despite being in talks to sign new contract
Why does Manuel Pellegrini keep picking Martin Demichelis for Manchester City?
England 29 Wales 18 player ratings: Who was the star man at Twickenham?
Bayern Munich v Arsenal: Arsene Wenger pleads for 'fair chance' from referee as Arsenal look to turn around Champions League deficit
- 1 Pakistan vs Paul Smith: Sandal-wearers bemused by famed British designer's attempts to sell traditional Peshawari chappal-style shoes for the distinctly untraditional sum of £300
- 2 Family forced to flee home after discovering 'terrifying' nest of spiders in bananas
- 3 Grace Dent: Who cares if she spells it Barraco Barner? Gemma Worrall is more employable than some bookish arts graduate
- 4 Russell Crowe's Noah banned in three Arab countries before worldwide premiere
- 5 Bob Crow death: 'Admired by his members, feared by employers' - Tributes pour in for RMT union leader and 'working class hero' Bob Crow
Britain's top vet sparks controversy with call for ban on slashing animals' throats in 'ritual' slaughters for halal and kosher meat products
Poor 'live like animals' says Boris's privately educated sister after going on 'poverty safari'
Exclusive: Impact of immigrants on British workers 'negligible'
Vince Cable: Teachers 'know absolutely nothing' about the world of work
Ukraine crisis: Russia pledges to 'retaliate against sanctions' as Ukrainian president says Crimea vote will not be recognised
The quiet diplomat: Catherine Ashton - recognised and admired in all the world's troubled countries, yet ridiculed at home
Cumbria: The place to be
Win the ultimate photograph break worth over £2500 in the Lake District, Cumbria.
Win £250 UNIQLO vouchers
For your chance to win £250 worth of vouchers to spend online, UNIQLO is asking readers to review your favourite pair of UNIQLO Jeans.
Win a luxury two-night break in York
Plus two East Coast return tickets from London to York and two York Passes
Enter the latest Independent competitions
Win anything from gadgets to five-star holidays on our competitions and offers page.
Business videos from commercial thought leaders
Watch the best in the business world give their insights into the world of business.
Independent Dating
Career Services
iJobs General
Private Client
£30000 - £50000 per annum + Very Competitive Salary: Austen Lloyd: Private Cli...
Residential Conveyancer - Dorset
£30000 - £35000 per annum + Very Competitive Salary: Austen Lloyd: Residential...
Banking Analysis Internship - PAID
£1000 per month: Inspiring Interns: The company works with Tier 1 FTSE 100 Ban...
Treasurer (trustee) with Crossroads Care Havering
VOLUNTARY ONLY - EXPENSES REIMBURSED : Reach Volunteering: Fantastic opportuni...


text:
Web Design and Promotion is a directory where the topics are arranged in a wide range of categories. It is content rich, inclusive, and easy to search and reach. The search engine, which complements this directory, provides you with customized search results and content that allows you to find the relevant references in accordance to your choice.
This Web Design and Promotion directory is content rich with a soothing-to-eye design and calls for a rewarding and resourceful web experience. The Web Design and Promotion listings are reviewed and edited by highly qualified team of editors who are quality conscious and random crosschecking is a part of their routine leading to a genuine platform of listings featured here.
Links in this category: 0


text:
March 11, 2014
Texas A&M's first Olympic swimming medalist Tetsuo Okamoto passed away on Monday, Oct. 1 at age 75, Swimming World magazine reported today.
Okamoto, who swam for Art Adamson's Aggies from 1956-58, won Brazil's first-ever Olympic medal with a third-place finish in the 1,500 freestyle at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. Okamoto's time of 18:51 in his bronze medal effort was also the first sub-20-minute time in the 1,500 by a South American.
Swimming for the Aggies, Okamoto was a four-time All-American (twice in the 400 and 1,500 freestyles) and four-time Southwest Conference Champion (440 freestyle in 1956, and the 220, 440 and 1,500 freestyles in 1957).
Okamoto's bronze at the Olympics was not his only international success. He doubled with a pair of triumphs in the 400 and 1500 free at the 1951 Pan American Games held in Buenos Aires. He also helped Brazil to a silver medal in the 800 freestyle relay that year.


text:
No jobs found – change your filters above for more results
Chairman and CEO
Pros: "Solid company, good benefits, good work life balance is definitely one thing that this place has going for it. Team oriented organizations." – Full Review
If you're searching for Medtronic jobs and careers — we can help! Here you'll not only find the latest Medtronic job openings, you can also see what Medtronic employees have to say about a career at Medtronic – salaries, reviews, and interview questions all posted anonymously by Medtronic employees and job seekers.
Medtronic is the world's largest medical technology company, offering an unprecedented breadth and depth of innovative therapies to fulfill our Mission of alleviating pain, restoring health, and extending life. Last… — Full Overview
Provided by employer [?]
This is the employer's chance to tell you why you should work for them. The information provided is from their perspective.
Copyright © 2008–2014, Glassdoor. All Rights Reserved. Your use of this service is subject to our Terms of Use and Privacy & Cookies Policy. Glassdoor ® is a registered trademark of Glassdoor, Inc.
We do not post on Facebook
We do not post on Facebook


text:
Students receiving financial assistance are expected to maintain satisfactory progress toward a degree. Any student meeting the following criteria will automatically be considered as making sufficient satisfactory academic progress for financial aid purposes:
Students not meeting the above conditions will be considered on a case-by-case basis by the Director of Financial to decide whether satisfactory progress is being made.
In no instance will an undergraduate student be eligible for financial assistance beyond six years of study, or if the minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.0 has not been met after completing four semesters as a full-time student.
Financial Aid includes all Federal and State grants, all Federal and institutional loans, work study and all institutional scholarships.
The above and all other policies governing the administration of financial aid at Maine Maritime Academy are in accordance with federal and state laws regulating federal and state aid programs which were current at the time of publication.
Students have the right to appeal any financial aid decisions to the Financial Aid Review Committee which is comprised of the Director of Admissions, the Director of Financial Aid, the Registrar, the Director of Residential Life, and a faculty representative. Appeals must be made in writing and submitted to the Director of Financial Aid.


text:
Star trainer Harley Pasternak shares his favorite exercises for better sex.
263+ Pilates Moves for Sexy Abs, a Tight Tush & Lean Legs!
Think your friends are looking out for your best interest? Think again.
Have YOU been Sugarjacked?
These 7 recipes for all-day protein will power you through 'til bedtime.
Susan Lost 22 Pounds by Fixing her Digestive Issues, You Can Too!
To get strong and balanced from head to toe, identify your weakest links
The Hottest Workout of 2014!
Image: Courtesy of Pure Yoga
Traditional Figure 4 is getting a hot new makeover at Pure Yoga. For those not familiar with the acclaimed barre class, Figure 4 uses isometric weight-bearing exercise, free weights, classical dance training, Pilates, and yoga to tone your butt, abs, arms, and thighs while also improving posture and self-awareness. (The workout, created by professional dancer, Kate Albarelli gets its name from the traditional ballet stretch done by crossing the ankle over the opposite knee and bending forward, creating a "four" with the legs.) Adding heat not only ups the sweat factor and elevates your heart rate, but also provides class-goers with a deeper stretch and a greater muscle burn during strengthening sections.
Related: Get Legs Like a Dancer's
Sign up for the Get Fit Newsletter


text:
Here we cover everything you ever wanted to know about how to start seeds at home but were afraid to ask. From soil mix to grow lights - we share seed sowing secrets and explain the science behind the techniques.
Visit the Website: http://www.growingagreenerworld.com
Episode #315 / Length: 26 minutes
On TV
- Sunday, March 16th at 10:00 AM on KLRU Create


text:
Water's Edge - Apartment Rentals in Foster City, CA
Water's Edge Apartments Description
Water's Edge Apartment Homes … Because life is better on the water.
Nestled alongside a tranquil and serene lagoon, Water's Edge offers an idyllic retreat full of relaxation, sophistication, and recreation. Take in the stunning waterfront views from your private patio, swim a few laps in one of the two refreshing swimming pools, work up a sweat in the comprehensive strength and fitness center or unwind with a stroll along the bayside trail, right outside your door.
Each beautiful home boasts redesigned interior finishes, spacious mirrored closets, and designer fixtures, creating a chic and stylish atmosphere. Ideally located in Foster City, Water's Edge is convenient to excellent schools, fine shopping, dining, and entertainment. Come find out why life is better on the water. Please call for an appointment today.
Pet Policy
Cats and Dogs are allowed. Maximum weight of pet(s): 100. Maximum number of pet(s): 2. Restrictions or other terms: Pets Welcome. Call for more details..
- Pool
- Laundry
- Package Receiving
- Short Term Lease
- On-site Management
- Storage Space
- Fitness Center
- On-site Maintenance
- Sundeck
- Night Patrol
- Elevator
- High Speed Internet Available
- Near Public Transit
- BBQ/Picnic Area
- Courtyard
- 4 Conveniently Located Laundry Facilitie
- Waterfront Community
- Open Views
- Oversized Veranda/Patio/Balcony
- 2 Boat Docks
- Elevators
- Vending Machines
- State-of-the-art Fitness Center
- Pest Control
- Courtesy Patrol
- 24 Hours Emergency Maintenance
- Private Walking/Jogging Trial
- Additional Storage Available
- 2 Sparkling Pools
Water's Edge
1200 East Hillsdale Boulevard
Foster City,
Search Nearby Cities
- Canyon Apartments
- Concord Apartments
- Fremont Apartments
- Hayward Apartments
- Oakland Apartments
- San Francisco Apartments
- San Jose Apartments
- San Mateo Apartments
- Sunnyvale Apartments
- Vallejo Apartments
Search Nearby Zip Codes
Search Nearby Neighborhoods
Apartment Rentals Near Foster City, CA
- Foster's Landing 700 Bounty Drive Foster City, CA 94404 Phone Number: (650) 627-7818
- Lakeshore Landing 2717 South Norfolk Street San Mateo, CA 94403 Phone Number: (650) 264-7628
- Scotchollow Apartment Homes 203 Laurie Meadows Dr San Mateo, CA 94403 Phone Number: (650) 231-4386
- Davey Glen Apartments 200 Davey Glen Rd Belmont, CA 94002 Phone Number: (650) 345-4852


text: AMD AM2+/AM2 Platform Support latest AMD Phenom ™ Quad-Core Processor Dual-Channel DDR2 -1066/800/667 Instant Internet Access with ASUS Express Gate NVIDIA Hybrid SLI™ and DX10 Support 4+1 Phase Power Design User Friendly Q-Shield Design Support 45nm Phenom™ II CPU Shop × Modal header CPU, Chipset and Graphics Features AMD® Socket AM2+ Phenom™ FX / Phenom™ / Athlon™ Support This motherboard supports AMD AMD® Socket AM2+ multi-core processors with unique L3 cache and delivers better overclocking capabilities with less power consumption. It features dual-channel DDR2 1066 memory support and accelerates data transfer rate up to 5200MT/s via HyperTransport™ 3.0 based system bus. Native DDR2 1066 This motherboard supports native DDR2 1066. It provides faster data transfer rate and more bandwidth to increase memory data transfer rate and computing efficiency, enhancing system performance in 3D graphics and other memory demanding applications.*DDR2 1066 is supported by some of the AM2+ CPUs only. Refer to www.asus.com for the supported CPU models. PCIe 2.0 support Double Speed; Double BandwidthThis motherboard supports the latest PCIe 2.0 devices for double speed and bandwidth which enhances system performance. HDMI/DVI/RGB Support Flexible Graphics AlternativesWith bundled HDMI to DVI conversion adapter, this motherboard can support both DVI and HDMI output. DVI (Digital Visual Interface) provides high quality visuals for digital display devices like LCD monitors. The interface of this motherboard supports digital HDMI/DVI and analog D-Sub standards. AMD® Socket AM2 Athlon™/Sempron™ CPU Support This motherboard supports AMD® Socket AM2 Athlon™/Sempron™ processors. It features 2000/1600 MT/s HyperTransport™-based system bus, dual-channel un-buffered DDR2 800 memory support, and AMD® Cool ´n´ Quiet™ Technology. NVIDIA nForce® 750a SLI™ NVIDIA nForce® 750a SLI™ media and communications processors (MCPs) are the foundation for the world's ultimate gaming PC. Experience spectacular DirectX® 10 gaming with the best platform for GeForce Graphic Processing Units (GPUs). Hybrid SLI Support GeForce® Boost—Boosted Performance with Onboard GPU and Discrete Graphics CardHybridPower™—Intelligent Graphics Power-Savings and Quiet OperationsHybrid SLI™ technology is a unique hybrid multi-GPU technology. It includes two primary features: GeForce Boost and HybridPower™. GeForce Boost turbo-charges performance of discrete graphics cards when combined with the motherboard GPUs. HybridPower™ unleashes graphics performance for demanding 3D applications and enables low-power operation for everyday computing needs. * GeForce® Boost and HybridPower™ are on select GeForce® GPUs. Visit www.nvidia.com/hybridsli for more information. HDMI Support Enjoy Full HD 1080p Multimedia Home-Theater EntertainmentHigh-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a set of digital video standards that delivers multi-channel audio and uncompressed digital video for full HD 1080p visuals through through a single cable. Supporting HDCP copy protection such as HD DVD and Blu-ray Discs, HDMI provides you with the highest-quality home theater experience. Special Features 4+1 Phase Power Design Longer Life & Higher Efficiency! Unleashes ultimate memory performances with independent power to core components, while providing fast transient response and stability for the CPU under heavy loading or overclocking modes. AI Nap With AI Nap, the system can continue running at minimum power and noise when you are temporarily away. To wake the system and return to the OS environment, simply click the mouse or press a key. AI Gear 2 AI Gear 2 allows you to choose from profiles to adjust CPU frequency and vCore voltage, minimizing system noise and saving CPU power consumption at most. You can real-time change the mode under operating system to suit your needs. ASUS Q-Fan 2 Adjusts both CPU fan and chassis fan speeds according to system loading ASUS Q-Fan2 technology intelligently adjusts both CPU fan and chassis fan speeds according to system loading to ensure quiet, cool and efficient operation. Ease of Use Express Gate 5 Secs Bootup to onlineTaking only 5 seconds to go online from bootup, Express Gate is the one-stop gateway to instant fun! It´s a unique motherboard built-in OS. You can utilize the most popular Instant Messengers (IM) like MSN, Skype, Google talk, QQ, and Yahoo! Messenger to keep in touch with friends, or quickly check on the weather and e-mails just before leaving your house. What´s more, the user-friendly picture manager lets you view your pictures without entering Windows at anytime!* The actual boot time is subject to hardware configurations and product models O.C. Profile Conveniently store or load multiple BIOS settingsThe motherboard features the ASUS O.C. Profile that allows users to conveniently store or load multiple BIOS settings. The BIOS settings can be stored in the CMOS or a separate file, giving users freedom to share and distribute their favorite overclocking settings. Q-Shield Easy and Comfortable InstallationsThe specially designed ASUS Q-Shield does without the usual "fingers" - making it convenient and easy to install. With better electric conductivity, it ideally protects your motherboard against static electricity and shields it against Electronic Magnetic Interference (EMI). Q-Connector Make Connection Quick and Accurate!The ASUS Q-Connector allows you to connect or disconnect chassis front panel cables in one easy step with one complete module. This unique adapter eliminates the trouble of plugging in one cable at a time, making connection quick and accurate. Extreme Performance Noise Filter Eliminate background noise while recordingThis feature detects repetitive and stationary noises like computer fans, air conditioners, and other background noises then eliminates it in the incoming audio stream while recording. Uses 100% All High-quality Conductive Polymer Capacitors! This motherboard uses all high-quality conductive polymer capacitors onboard for durability, improved lifespan, and enhanced thermal capacity. Other Features MyLogo2 Personalize your system with customizable boot logoYou can convert your favorite photo into a 256-color boot logo for a more colorful and vivid image on your screen. GreenASUS The motherboard and its packaging comply with the European Union´s Restriction on the use of Hazardous Substances (RoHS). This is in line with the ASUS vision of creating environment-friendly and recyclable products and packaging to safeguard consumers´ health while minimizing the impact on the environment. Model Number : N50 > N50-AS031C N50-123456 N50-234567 CPUAMD Socket AM2+ / AM2 ;Phenom™ FX /Phenom™ / Athlon™ /Sempron™ Processors AMD 140W CPU SupportAMD Cool 'n' Quiet™ TechnologyAMD Live!™ Ready Support 45nm Phenom™ II CPU ChipsetNVIDIA nForce 750a SLI System BusUp to 5200 MT/s ; HyperTransport™ 3.0 interface for AM2+ CPU 2000 / 1600 MT/s for AM2 CPU Memory 4 x DIMM, Max. 8 GB, DDR2 1066(O.C.)/800/667 ECC,Non-ECC,Un-buffered Memory Dual Channel memory architecture *DDR2 1066 is supported by AM2+ CPU only **When installing total memory of 4GB capacity or more, Windows® 32-bit operation system may only recognize less than 3GB. Hence, a total installed memory of less than 3GB is recommended. Expansion Slots 2 x PCIe x16 @ dual x8 (Support PCIe 2.0 / 1.0 Architecture ) 2 x PCIe x1 2 x PCI 2.2 Scalable Link Interface (SLI™) Hybrid SLI™ Support (support Windows® Vista only.) VGA Integrated NVIDIA GeForce® 8 Series GPU Hybrid SLI™ Support (support Windows® Vista only.) Supports HDMI™ Technology with max. resolution up to 1920 x 1200 Supports DVI with max. resolution up to 1920 × 1200 @ 60 MHz Supports D-Sub with max. resolution up to 1920 × 1440 @ 75 Hz HDMI/DVI/RGB Support Supports Microsoft® DirectX 10, OpenGL 2.0, Pixel Shader 4.0 Support PCIe 2.0 / 1.0 Architecture Maximum shared memory of 512MB Storage Southbridge 1 xUltraDMA 133/100 6 xSATA 3 Gb/s ports (Use SATA1-4 for IDE mode.) NVIDIA® MediaShield™ RAID Support RAID 0,1,0+1,5,JBOD LAN NVIDIA Gigabit MAC Realtek 8211CL Gigabit PHY featuring AI NET 2 Audio Realtek® ALC1200 8 -Channel High Definition Audio CODEC - Coaxial S/PDIF out ports at back I/O - Support Jack Detection and Multi-streaming IEEE 1394 LSI® FW322 controller supports 2 x 1394a ports USB 12 USB 2.0 ports (6 ports at mid-board, 6 ports at back panel) ASUS Unique Features ASUS Express Gate: - Web browser, file downloading and uploading* - Further free features upgradable - Onboard flash with Express Gate installed * File downloading and uploading through USB devices only ASUS Quiet Thermal Solution: - ASUS Fanless Design: Heat-pipe solution - ASUS 4+1 Phase Power Design - ASUS AI Gear 2 - ASUS AI Nap - ASUS Q-Fan 2 ASUS Crystal Sound: - ASUS Noise Filter ASUS EZ DIY: - ASUS Q-Shield - ASUS Q-Connector - ASUS O.C. Profile - ASUS EZ Flash 2 Overclocking FeaturesIntelligent overclocking tools- AI Overclocking (intelligent CPU frequency tuner)- ASUS AI Booster Utility Precision Tweaker - vDIMM: 8 -step DRAM voltage control - vCore: Adjustable CPU voltage at 0.0125V increment - vChipset 4-step Chipset voltage control SFS (Stepless Frequency Selection)- FSB tuning from 200MHz to 600MHz at 1MHz increment - Memory tuning from 533MHz up to 1066MHz - PCI Express frequency tuning from 100MHz up to 200MHz at 1MHz increment Overclocking Protection- ASUS C.P.R.(CPU Parameter Recall) Special FeaturesASUS MyLogo 2 Uses 100% All High-quality Conductive Polymer Capacitors! Back Panel I/O Ports 1 x PS/2 Keyboard 1 x HDMI 1 x PS/2 Mouse 1 x S/PDIF Out (Coaxial) 1 x IEEE 1394a 1 x LAN(RJ45) port 6 x USB 2.0/1.1 8 -Channel Audio I/O Internal I/O Connectors 3 x USB connectors (6 ports) 1 x Floppy disk drive connector 1 x IDE connector 6 x SATA connectors 1 x CPU Fan connector 1 x Chassis Fan connector 1 x Power Fan connector 4-pin ATX 12V Power connector 1 x S/PDIF Out connector 24-pin ATX Power connector 1 x VGA connector Front panel audio connectorCOM connectorChassis Intrusion connectorCD/AUX audio inSystem Panel BIOS 8 Mb Flash ROM DMI 2.0 PnPWfM 2.0 SM BIOS 2.5 Award BIOSACPI 2.0 ASUS EZ Flash 2 Accessories UltraDMA 133/100/66 cable FDD cable SATA cables SATA power cables Q-Shield User's manual 1 x USB module (2 prots of USB2.0) 1 x HDMI to DVI Convertor 1 x SLI bridge 3 in 1 Q-connector Support Disc Drivers Express Gate ASUS PC Probe II ASUS Update Anti-virus software (OEM version) Form Factor ATX Form Factor 12 inch x 9.6 inch ( 30.5 cm x 24.4 cm ) × I confirm, please take me there. Cancel


text:
Some information is missing or invalid below.
The talk of the town. Don't leave home without these men's GOLDTOE crew socks.
- Moisture-wicking technology keeps your feet dry.
- Ribbed cuffs allow natural stretch and shape retention.
- Reinforced heel and toe provide added durability.
- Cushioned footbed absorbs shock and reduces friction.
- Combed cotton blend ensures feel-good wear.
- Details:
- 3-pack
- Fits shoe sizes 6-12 1/2
- Cotton/nylon/spandex
- Machine wash
- Imported


text:
Utah folks impacted by Diabetes
Members: 33
Latest Activity: May 16, 2013
Started by diabeticflip. Last reply by Chris_H Jan 11, 2013. 11 Replies 0 Likes
Started by A. Barney. Last reply by Ashlie Lawson Crist Oct 28, 2011. 4 Replies 0 Likes
I belong to a group on Facebook that is specifically for T1 Diabetics in Utah. Feel free to search for the group T1Utah. Both T1s and parents of T1s are encouraged to join.
Expo is coming up soon. More info at http://www.facebook.com/DiabetesExpoSLC & http://diabetes.org/exposaltlakecity
Hope you can make it!
Just wanted to say hey, new to this web group. Looking forward to chatting with everyone.
Join the Delinquent Pancreas Club, a meet-up group for adults with type 1 diabetes. The next event is this Wednesday!
Moved to Utah back in April due to my job being transferred here.
Manny Hernandez (Co-Founder, Editor, has LADA) Emily Coles Mila Ferrer Mike Lawson Corinna Cornejo Heather Gabel |
Bradford (has type 1) |
Lorraine (mother of type 1) |
Marie B (has type 1) |
Brian (bsc) (has type 2) |
Gary (has type 2) |
David (dns) (type 2) |
This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here.
© 2014 A community of people touched by diabetes, run by the Diabetes Hands Foundation.