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Authentic, aged raw and cooked puerh tea,
prized in China for its health-giving benefits.
Canton Raw Mini Tuo Cha
Our specially commissioned raw tuo cha perfect for single servings.Price: £7.50 for 50gCanton Raw Mini Tuo Cha
Made of leaves from the renowned De Hong area of Yunnan.
Canton Cooked Mini Tuo Cha
Our own, specially pressed cooked puerh in the convenient tuo cha' size.Price: £5.00 for 50gCanton Cooked Mini Tuo Cha
Made from high grade Lincang cooked leaves.
2007 Lincang Loose Puerh
An easy-drinking, everyday puerh tea made in Yunnan in 2007.Price: £6.00 for 50g2007 Lincang Loose Puerh
2007 Lincang Cooked Loose Puerh
2010 White Dragon Loose Puerh
Small tippy leaves in a high grade loose puerh tea.From £8.50 for 50g Sample: £2.502010 White Dragon Loose Puerh
2010 White Dragon Gong Ting Cooked Loose Puerh
2008 Fragrant Raw Puerh
A golden puerh, sweetly floral and packed in fragrant bamboo.Price: £7.002008 Fragrant Raw Puerh
2008 Fragrant Xiang Zhu Bamboo Raw Puerh
2013 Nan Nuo Old Tree Maocha
Exclusive to Canton Tea, made from the leaves of 600 year old trees.Price: £16.50 for 25g Tin2013 Nan Nuo Old Tree Maocha
2013 Nan Nuo Mountain Old Tree Puerh Maocha
Canton Raw Mini Beeng Cha
Canton's specially commissioned, very accessible raw puerhPrice: £7.50Canton Raw Mini Beeng Cha
Canton Raw Mini Beeng Cha 100g
Canton Cooked Mini Beeng Cha
Canton's own brand cooked puerh is smooth with woody notes.Price: £7.50Canton Cooked Mini Beeng Cha
Canton Cooked Mini Beeng Cha 100g
2004 Raw Xia Guan Crane Label
One of the best tuo chas produced in this famous factory since the year 2000.Price: £20.002004 Raw Xia Guan Crane Label
2004 Xia Guan Crane Label Raw Tuo Cha
Canton Raw Puerh Collection
A very special gift for tea devotees - five beautiful, hand-made puerh cakes.Price: £45.00Canton Raw Puerh Collection
Canton Single Mountain Puerh Collection
Canton Raw: Wu Jia Zhai 2012
A small puerh cake pressed for Canton in the remote mountains of Yunnan .Price: £10.00Canton Raw: Wu Jia Zhai 2012
Canton Single Mountain Raw Puerh: Wu Jia Zhai 2012
Canton Raw: De Hong Ye Sheng
Made from the purple leaves of a rare, wild purple varietal tea tree.Price: £10.00Canton Raw: De Hong Ye Sheng
Canton Single Mountain Raw Puerh: De Hong Ye Sheng 2012
Canton Raw: Bu Lang 2011
A great example of a compressed traditional beeng cha.Price: £10.00Canton Raw: Bu Lang 2011
Canton Single Mountain Raw Puerh: Bu Lang 2011
Canton Raw: Jing Gu 2011
A rare 100g puerh cake, pressed on a family farm in the mountains of Yunnan.Price: £10.00Canton Raw: Jing Gu 2011
Canton Single Mountain Raw Puerh: Jing Gu 2011
Canton Raw: Yi Wu 2011
A puerh cake handmade for us with the ratio of one bud to one leaf.Price: £10.00Canton Raw: Yi Wu 2011
Canton Single Mountain Raw Puerh: Yi Wu 2011
2011 Canton Yi Wu Special
Our first exclusive raw puerh cake - delicous today and for years to come.Price: £35.00 for 50g2011 Canton Yi Wu Special
2011 Canton Yi Wu Special Puerh Beeng Cha
2007 Haiwan Purple Bud Raw
An excellent cake made from highly desirable purple leaves.Price: £20.002007 Haiwan Purple Bud Raw
2007 Haiwan Purple Bud Raw Beeng Cha
2012 Mu Ye Chun Raw Puerh
A fine young puerh - its sweet, smooth liquor will keep improving.Price: £18.002012 Mu Ye Chun Raw Puerh
2012 Mu Ye Chun Raw Puerh Beeng Cha
2006 Raw Mengku "Gu Hua Chan"
A classic Mengku puerh, slightly aged and packed with flavours.Price: £28.002006 Raw Mengku "Gu Hua Chan"
2006 Mengku 'Gu Hua Chan' Raw Beeng Cha
2010 Hai Lang Hao Raw Puerh
Made from the leaves of 300 year old trees on Nan Nuo mountain.Price: £65.002010 Hai Lang Hao Raw Puerh
2010 Hai Lang Hao 'Ba Ma Gong Chun' Raw Beeng Cha
2013 Da Yi cooked puerh brick
A young puerh of a very good quality that is perfect for ageing.Price: £12.002013 Da Yi cooked puerh brick
2013 Da Yi 7562 (301) cooked puerh brick
2011 Mu Ye Chun Cooked Puerh
A robust, rounded puerh cake that will get even better with age.Price: £18.002011 Mu Ye Chun Cooked Puerh
2011 Mu Ye Chun Cooked Puerh Beeng Cha
2011 Yong De Cooked Beeng Cha
Lovely ripe puerh, leaves picked from spring flush of wild trees. Organic.Price: £28.002011 Yong De Cooked Beeng Cha
2011 Yong De Cooked Beeng Cha. Organic.
2011 Menghai Cooked '7262 101'
A classic cooked puerh recipe from the renowned Menghai factory.Price: £30.002011 Menghai Cooked '7262 101'
2011 Menghai '7262 101' Cooked Beeng Cha
Puerh Pick
An attractive, traditional tool for breaking up compressed puerh.Price: £3.50Puerh Pick
A brightly bound pick for breaking up compressed puerh
Natural Wood Puerh Stand
For lovers of puerh, this is a practical way to display beeng cha.Price: £4.00Natural Wood Puerh Stand
Display your beeng cha collection
Canton Gift Box
Have your presents delivered in a smart white box with a personal note.Price: £4.95Canton Gift Box
Make your presents even more special
Fu Hai Cooked Loose Puerh
A tea from Fu Hai factory in Menghai, the city where the modem ripening process was invented.Price: £5.00Fu Hai Cooked Loose Puerh
Shu Cha, or Cooked Puerh, also known in China as Dark Tea.
Lincang Jiu Wan Cooked Puerh
A classic- tasting Ripe Puerh, made in 2009 at Jiu Wan factory using Lincang raw Puerh maocha.Price: £2.50Lincang Jiu Wan Cooked Puerh
Classic ripe Puerh, dark, full-bodied with a rich, sweet earthy flavour that goes on and on.


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Artpolitic, Mandapeno, ex, girl, woman, wife, girlfriend, fuck, sex, boobs, breasts, tits, porn, love, kiss, funny, cool, Cool, stylish
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How Myxobacteria Glide Current Biology, Volume 12, Issue 5, 5 March 2002, Pages 369-377 Charles Wolgemuth, Egbert Hoiczyk, Dale Kaiser and George Oster Summary Background Many microorganisms, including myxobacteria, cyanobacteria, and flexibacteria, move by gliding. Although gliding always describes a slow surface-associated translocation in the direction of the cell's long axis, it can result from two very different propulsion mechanisms: social (S) motility and adventurous (A) motility. The force for S motility is generated by retraction of type 4 pili. A motility may be associated with the extrusion of slime, but evidence has been lacking, and how force might be generated has remained an enigma. Recently, nozzle-like structures were discovered in cyanobacteria from which slime emanated at the same rate at which the bacteria moved. This strongly implicates slime extrusion as a propulsion mechanism for gliding. Results Here we show that similar but smaller nozzle-like structures are found in Myxococcus xanthus and that they are clustered at both cell poles, where one might expect propulsive organelles. Furthermore, light and electron microscopical observations show that slime is secreted in ribbons from the ends of cells. To test whether the slime propulsion hypothesis is physically reasonable, we construct a mathematical model of the slime nozzle to see if it can generate a force sufficient to propel M. xanthus at the observed velocities. The model assumes that the hydration of slime, a cationic polyelectrolyte, is the force-generating mechanism. Conclusions The discovery of nozzle-like organelles in various gliding bacteria suggests their role in prokaryotic gliding. Our calculations and our observations of slime trails demonstrate that slime extrusion from such nozzles can account for most of the observed properties of A motile gliding. Summary | Full Text | PDF (423 kb) |
Bacterial Swarming: A Re-examination of Cell-Movement Patterns Current Biology, Volume 17, Issue 14, 17 July 2007, Pages R561-R570 Dale Kaiser Summary Many bacteria simultaneously grow and spread rapidly over a surface that supplies them with nutrient. Called 'swarming', this pattern of movement directs new cells to the edge of the colony. Swarming reduces competition between cells for nutrients, speeding growth. Behind the swarm edge, where the cell density is higher, growth is limited by transport of nutrient from the subsurface to the overlying cells. Despite years of study, the choreography of swarm cell movement, the bacterial equivalent of dancing toward an exit in a very dense crowd of moving bodies, remains a mystery. Swarming can be propelled by rotating flagella, and either by pulling with type IV pili or by pushing with the secretion of slime. By identifying patterns of movement that are common to swarms making use of different engines, a model of swarm choreography can be proposed. Summary | Full Text | PDF (618 kb) |
Bacterial Surface Motility: Slime Trails, Grappling Hooks and Nozzles Current Biology, Volume 12, Issue 8, 16 April 2002, Pages R297-R303 Alexey J Merz and Katrina T Forest Full Text | PDF (495 kb) |
Copyright © 2007 The Biophysical Society All rights reserved.
Biophysical Journal, Volume 93, Issue 2, 699-703, 15 July 2007
W. Brad Robinson*, Augustus E. Mealor†, S. Edward Stevens† and Mark Ospeck*, ,
* Physics Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152
† Biology Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152
The cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus forms hormogonia, which glide slowly away from the parent colony by extruding slime out of nozzles. Using video microscopy, we observed hormogonia embedded in and moving through 1–4% agar solutions with an average velocity of 0.5μm/s. Agar is non-Newtonian and is subject to shear-thinning so that its viscosity greatly increases at low shear rates. We measured the viscosity of these agar solutions at the very low shear rates appropriate for gliding hormogonia and found it to vary from 1 to 52million centipoise. Then, by applying a Newtonian drag coefficient for a 100-μm-long, cigar-shaped hormogonium, we found that it produced a force of several million pN. A typical hormogonium has 10–100 thousand 9-nm-wide slime extrusion nozzles. Wolgemuth et al. have proposed hydration-driven swelling of the polyelectrolyte slime ejected from these nozzles as the force production mechanism, and our experiment found a large nozzle force that was consistent with this hypothesis. Average single nozzle force depended on viscosity, being large when the viscosity was high: 71pN in 3% and 126pN in 4% agar.


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"The True Ultimate driving machine"
by Marylander on 07/14/2012.
Trim: 2011 Acura MDX 6-Spd AT w/Tech Package, Owned 1 year.
The ride is smooth and I have had very little interior noise. Beautiful interior styling and fast acceleration. The third row seat is great when more seating is needed for short rides .
The small cargo area when the third seat is in use. The third row seating for longer trips.
Overall review:
Excellent SUV!
Review ID: #561782
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What a value!
by An MSN Autos Consumer on 03/11/2012.
Trim: 2011 Acura MDX 6-Spd AT, Owned 2 years.
I really like the styling, handling, and fit and finish.
It feels sturdy, and is very practical. A lot of car for the money
The road noise is a little louder than I would like, it came with BF Goodrich tires, but I had a loaner with Michelins when it was in for service (water in the gas), and it was not any better.
Fuel milage is also an issue, but it is quite fast.
Also miss the keyless ignition, kinda funny they would skimp on a thing like that.
3'rd row seating should have been an option.
Overall review:
It is by far one of the best values out there in this class, we had it narrowed down to the Lexus RX, Mercedes ML, and the MDX.
And the MDX was the best fit for us, the Lexus is old fashioned looking, and It feels a little smaller. The ML I had some concerns with reliability and maintenance cost. So we decided on the MDX, I will definately consider an Acura again.
Review ID: #556599
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Ultimate car
by Ultimate car on 02/20/2012.
Trim: 2011 Acura MDX 6-Spd AT, Owned less than 1 year.
Ultimate car
Ultimate car
Overall review:
Ultimate car
Review ID: #556202
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Great SUV
by Matt on 02/11/2012.
Trim: 2011 Acura MDX 6-Spd AT w/Tech and Entertainment Pkg, Owned 1 year.
Excellent performance, handles well, and for the size of the vehicle my gas mileage has been good. I have read in others remarks they are in the 16-19mpg range. Around town I'm getting 19mpg and average between 22 and 23 on the highway. In a cross country drive I averaged just over 26 mpg at 75 mph. I also found the seats very comfortable during the multi-day drive.
The third row is useless. Unless it is someone under the age of 10 they will not fit back there nor will they want to climb into the seats. The nav system is also a con, it is easy to plug in info, however, more often than not it is very difficult to find something by the name of the business. If you have the address no problem, but if you search by name typically it will not find one nearby
Overall review:
Great vehicle that's fun to drive. If your in the market for a bigger SUV and live somewhere that snows I would highly recommend it.
Review ID: #556049
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Excellent SUV
by NJ Driver on 12/21/2011.
Trim: 2011 Acura MDX 6-Spd AT, Owned 1 year.
Very powerful, excellent acceleration and handling. SH-AWD is great in snow day.
Gas mileage is the major con. It is about 16/17 mpg with combination of highway and city. Even on highway, it is only 19 mpg.
Also tight room in the 3rd row. It is only good for kids under 10.
Overall review:
Have owned it for 18 months. I enjoy driving it very much so far.
Review ID: #555325
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LLIS Lake Leman International School
Av. De la Gottaz 34-36
1110 Morges
Tel +41-21 811 00 22
Fax +41-21 811 00 24
Lake Leman International School has now opened its Secondary School.
LLIS welcomes both international and local students of Pre-school, Primary and Secondary ages.
The Créche (from 3 months), run by Cap Canaille, is located in the same building.
We invite you to learn more about LLIS through this website. Please call us to make an appointment to visit Tel +41-21 811 00 22
LLIS adopts an holistic approach to education and acknowledges the value of learning, growth and self-awareness as life-long endeavors. We inspire our students to develop their intellect, creativity and character to grow into socially responsible global citizens by providing a tailored, inquiry-driven education of the highest standard.
The school offers a welcoming, safe, caring and supportive environment. We consider ourselves to be a school family, where students learn happily while helping each other to achieve their full potential. We provide an inspiring multicultural atmosphere and promote responsibility in the spirit of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.


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I firmly believe that, while Judges must be absolutely free and appear to be free from any preconceived beliefs, it is also necessary for them to be sheltered from mere innuendoes as to their professional past or their current attitude. If they were not so safeguarded, they would be unable to discharge their difficult mission with equanimity. Charges of bias unsupported by compelling evidence can only sow confusion and uncertainty in the mind of all those who watch the unfolding of international justices, as well as trouble the conscience of Judges, thereby affecting their serenity. The Tribunal will firmly reject any attempt at guesswork or speculation intended to project onto the Tribunal political motivations that instead are, and shall always remain, extraneous to it, as is fitting and appropriate for any proper court of law.
The STL is the UN-backed tribunal charged with investigating the 2005 assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri [JURIST news archive]. The STL is expected to issue indictments [UPI report], possibly in December, and may name members of Lebanese resistance movement Hezbollah [CFR backgrounder] in connection with the assassination. Last month, the Secretary-General of Hezbollah, Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah [BBC profile], called for all Lebanese to boycott the STL [JURIST report]. In August, Hezbollah officials submitted evidence to the STL linking Israel to Hariri's death in response to a request by the tribunal [JURIST reports] to turn over all information relating to the assassination.


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Youth Options
Opportunities for high school students to take classes at UW-Sheboygan:
• Student must be in the top quarter of their high school graduating class.
• No application fee is charged for these programs.
• Required paperwork must be submitted prior to student registration.
• Students will make an appointment to register for classes after receiving a UW-Sheboygan acceptance letter.
1. Youth Options
Wisconsin's Youth Options program allows public high school juniors and seniors who meet certain requirements to take post secondary courses at a UW institution. Course fees and textbooks are paid for by the student's school district (public schools only). Approved courses count toward high school graduation and college credit.
Required paperwork
Students must submit the following for each semester of attendance:
• UW System special student application
• Official High School Transcript
• Letter of Recommendation from Guidance Counselor or Principal
• Approved PI-8700 form (Available from Guidance Counselor)
• Youth Options Registration Form
Click here to print a Youth Options Checklist
2. High School Special
Students who do not qualify for the Youth Options program who are interested in enrolling in UW-Sheboygan courses can apply as a High School Special Student. Course fees and textbooks are paid for by the student/parent/guardian.
Required paperwork
• UW System application
• Official High School Transcript
• Letter of Recommendation from Guidance Counselor or Principal
• Home School students are required to provide a copy of the PI-1206 form
Special Note: Students pay a $100 Advanced Tuition Deposit prior to registration appointment. Students may also be required to take a UW System Placement Test prior to registration.


text:
Yo Gotti – Cocaine ft Juelz Santana
I have read positive feedback about this song and we have to agree. Ahhh, here it is a classic. Although you might not see it that way, it is hehe. Anyway, don't sleep on this joint. Click on the 'play'-button and enjoy! I give it . |
Click on 'play' or 'watch' for a real-time check to see if the song is available. If not, sorry the song is not available for streaming.
Listen To (short clip)
N / A | Search for MP3 | |
Watch+playlist (should work always)
More From: Yo GottiYo Gotti - Gangsta Party |
Latest Yo Gotti News
He's been called "The Next Jeezy." He's a street rapper who makes hood anthems with the potential to reach the masses, like Young Jeezy, Rick Ross and Plies before him. That's right, Yo Gotti is one of the hottest rappers in the streets, with some of the highest quality musi(...) Yo Gotti: Live From The Kitchen


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ShazAAM!* Abstract
Artist description:
Waterlilies, birds, fish... they all disappeared!... I'd click on another tool and POOF! vanished.... left with this and popped some pink on the blob... didn't want to play anymore... :( X
Created Apr 17, 2012. Unless noted Copyright 2012
Catarsetrophy .
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Post a comment
nice use of the texture :) really fascinating :) the colors scheme reminds me of the forest
this looks great *_* i love the colors they looks so great together , and i like the black grid looks amazing 5/5h C: *hugs*
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Ziggy i agree thats the best line up for up tempo by far. Im just worried about the speed change when Premoz comes in for OK50. Do you think it might screw our timeing up big time.
With the current makeup of our roster, what are your opinions on where he should get the bulk of his minutes this season?
In my opinion with Felton, Richardson and Crash at the 1 thru 3, we're built for a fast up-tempo game. Maybe not Phoenix style, but at least a Golden State or Toronto Raptors-ish tempo. With that being said, I would think that you'd want Emeka at the 5 and either May (when/if healthy) or Hermann at 4.
If we don't make any other significant additions or subtractions, who do you see as your starting 4/5?
Ziggy i agree thats the best line up for up tempo by far. Im just worried about the speed change when Premoz comes in for OK50. Do you think it might screw our timeing up big time.
Thanks Ammofan!
at the 5... his abilities at the center position (quickness, great footwork, not clumsy, good hands, nice back to basket offense, and blocking shots as well as just being a force down low) are all abilities that most centers in the league dont have. another words.. he matches up well.
at the PF spot, he isnt as fast or as quick as anyone and fouls much more i think.
someone provided a breakdown (i think it was Tamb) in another thread...that showed what he did in each of the games at each position. it showed that he played better at the 5... not by a ton or anything but better.
Into the crevasse!
"Climb down Lemon, Climb down"
We have so much depth at PF, and hardly any at Center, that's why OK50 has to go to Center, we can bring Hermann up to start at PF, it keep the temp up and Okafor scores just as good at center, I believe the only difference is he dropped one rebound, Hermann can pick that one up...So IMO, it's got to be OK50 at the 5....
http://sports.yahoo.com/nba/players/...&type=FieldingOriginally Posted by Mustachio
14.9 pts compared to 14.3, 10.3 boards compared to 11.1, 53.6fg% compared to 45.6%, 2.5 blocks compared to 2 blocks, less turnovers, more assists, .1 more fouls. All with a couple less minutes.
I honestly think he's fine at both positions.
He needs to play at the 5.
yea i believe the 5 as well...he's athletic...and when u think about it....how many centers in the league are more dominant than him in the paint? shaq...camby? maybe ben wallace?
Center Depth chart for the Cats should read
1) Okafor
2&3)Jemareo/Hollins (however that plays out),
4) Julius Peppers
5) Jordon
6) me
7) the dump I took on the floor
Bob Johnson or Nelly
9) Old Ass Rick Flair
10) Any of the Ladycats Dancers
11) goofy ass Pat McRory....
1345) somwhere chained to a wall and locked in the closet in the bowels of Bocats Arena, Primoz Brezec
okafor is more familiar to the power forward position than center. but it could help us more defensively in center.
Primoz vs Shaq is a nono
Primoz vs Dampier / Diop (a lil easier but still lose there)
the thing is, teams with good centers usually have big and good power forwards as well. primoz and okafor on the court at the same time is very lopsided at the moment.
I agree with Alex! Emeka MUST play at Center!


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Search Talent:
Adrian Gonzalez Speaker
First Baseman with the Boston Red Sox
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Adrian Gonzalez Speaker Profile
Adrian Gonzalez was born May 8, 1982, in San Diego, California, nicknamed Gonzo and A-Gon, is an all star Mexican American professional baseball first baseman with the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball. Gonzalez was the first overall pick in the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft by the Florida Marlins. He was traded to the Texas Rangers and later to the San Diego Padres, where he was an All-Star selection three times and two-time Gold Glove winner. The four-time Padres team Most Valuable Player (MVP) was traded to the Red Sox before entering the final year of his contract during the 2010 offseason.
Gonzalez played for Mexico in the 2006 and 2009 World Baseball Classic.
On July 3rd, Adrian Gonzalez was selected to represent the Red Sox at the 2011 All Star game in Arizona along with fellow teammates Josh Beckett, [[Jacoby Ellsbury]], David Ortiz, Kevin Youkilis, and Jon Lester. Gonzalez hit a home run in the game and was responsible for the only run for the American League. Additionally, Ortiz selected Gonzalez as one of three sluggers to join him in the Home Run Derby, where he finished second to Robinson Cano. Gonzalez tied a record for most home runs in the final round of the home run derby at 11, which was then surpassed by the victor Cano.Gonzalez was named AL Player of the Month for June 2011 with a .401 average (40 for 99) - the best in the Majors for that month.
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Adrian Gonzalez Makes Special Appearance at MLB's Fan Cave in NYC
Posted on 29 July 2012 | 2:24 am
Boston Red Sox slugger Adrian Gonzalez made a special appearance at MLB's Fan Cave in New York City during his series with the Yankees, one of sports' biggest rivalries. He played wiffle ball, PlayStation and pool with the Cave Dwellers. "I try and get a little bit of time in here at the Cave," Gonzalez said. "It's awesome. First time here, it's a lot of fun. Everybody that's here always… [Read More]
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Dandruff (cont.) Medical Author:
Nili N. Alai, MD, FAAD
Nili N. Alai, MD, FAADDr. Alai is an actively practicing medical and surgical dermatologist in south Orange County, California. She has been a professor of dermatology and family medicine at the University of California, Irvine since 2000. She is U.S. board-certified in dermatology, a 10-year-certified fellow of the American Academy of Dermatology, and Fellow of the American Society of Mohs Surgery. Medical Editor:
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical EditorMelissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. IN THIS ARTICLE
Medical TreatmentOnce a health care practitioner has confirmed an individual has dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis), the main treatment includes antifungal shampoos, antibacterial cleansers, and anti-inflammatory creams and lotions. More importantly, often the most effective dermatologic treatments are combination treatments using several different medicated ingredients used at the same time. Prescription-strength shampoos and steroid cream medications are the usual treatments. More frequent shampooing and cleansing is usually recommended. For severe cases not responding to a combination of ultra high-potency steroid creams, foams, sprays, or lotions, alternate treatments may be tried. A dermatologist may be very helpful for resistant cases that have not cleared with standard prescriptions. Rare severe cases may require short-term treatment with oral steroids such as prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone, Prednicen-M, Liquid Pred) and/or oral antifungal pills. Oral pills are not the mainstay of dandruff treatment and should not be routinely used. Sample escalating (step-up) treatment of adult dandruff by a dermatologist: Skin care routine for mild dandruff:
Skin care routine for moderate dandruff:
Skin care routine for severe dandruff:
Patient Comments & ReviewsThe eMedicineHealth doctors ask about Dandruff (Seborrhea): |
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Seborrheic Dermatitis »
Seborrheic dermatitis is a papulosquamous disorder patterned on the sebum-rich areas of the scalp, face, and trunk.


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Pre-install FAQ for Symantec Mail Security 7.0 for Microsoft Exchange
Article:TECH200345 | | | Created: 2012-11-30 | | | Updated: 2014-02-19 | | | Article URL http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH200345 |
This document provides answers to common pre-installation questions about Symantec Mail Security 7.0 for Microsoft Exchange (SMSMSE 7.0).
Question: Where can I find step-by-step installation instructions?
Answer: The Implementation Guide contains complete installation instructions. You can find this and other documentation in the DOCS folder of your installation media and on the Symantec Web site.
• Symantec Mail Security for Microsoft Exchange product manuals
• Symantec Mail Security for Microsoft Exchange Getting Started guide
Question: Will I need to reboot after installing or upgrading to SMSMSE 7.0?
Answer: A reboot is not required. On Exchange 2007, a reboot prompt may appear, but only non-critical components such as reporting will be affected by ignoring the prompt.
Reference: Is it Necessary to Reboot the Exchange Server after Upgrading Symantec Mail Security for Microsoft Exchange?
Question: Can I install SMSMSE 7.0 remotely?
Answer: You can install SMSMSE remotely through the console. You cannot upgrade from a previous version through silent installation or remote installation. Installing remotely on cluster servers is neither recommended nor supported. Remote installation on Exchange 2013 installed on Windows Server 2012 is not supported in SMSMSE 7.0.
Question: Can I import settings from a previous version of SMSMSE?
Answer: You cannot import settings from SMSMSE 6.x into SMSMSE 7.0. When you upgrade from SMSMSE 6.x, most settings are preserved.
Question: What version of .NET Framework is required?
Answer: .NET Framework version 2.0 is required on Exchange 2007/2003. .NET framework version 3.5 is required on Exchange 2010/2013. For detailed system requirements, read the document for your version of Microsoft Exchange:
System Requirements for Symantec Mail Security 7.0 for Microsoft Exchange
Question: How can I completely remove a previous version of SMSMSE?
Answer: Use Add/Remove Programs in the Control Panel to uninstall SMSMSE. If you encounter problems, follow the manual removal instructions for your version.
Reference: Manual removal instructions for Symantec Mail Security for Microsoft Exchange, Symantec Antivirus/Filtering for Microsoft Exchange, or Norton Antivirus for Microsoft Exchange
Question: How do I obtain and apply a license?
Answer: Obtain the license from the Symantec Licensing Portal. You will need to supply your 11-digit serial number. You can apply the license when prompted during the installation or after the product is installed.
Reference: Applying a license (.SLF) file for Symantec Mail Security for Exchange
Article URL http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH200345
Terms of use for this information are found in Legal Notices


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Excellent quality, feel and light!
By KC
from South Florida
About Me Casual Dresser
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Comments about Wilsons Leather Marc New York Stand Collar Open Bottom Leather Jacket:
The jacket looked great and felt nice but the size runs too small for my liking.
(1 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
great look poor craftsmanship
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from Redding CA
ordered this jacket online. I just pulled it out of the box and I am very disappointed with the quality of it. I love the look, color, etc. but the craftsmanship, the uneven fit, the seams and stitches are bad engough that I will be sending it right back.


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Children in a family are like flowers in a bouquet: there's always one determined to face in an opposite direction from the way the arranger desires.
This quote is about children
Search on Google Books to find citations of this quotation.
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I'm female, say nothing
Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn't do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch ...
Immature love says: I love you because I need you. Mature love says: I need you because I love you.
Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.
Sweet sixteen ain't that peachy keen.
I hope you come to find that which gives life a deep meaning for you . . . something worth living for, maybe even worth dying for . . . something that energizes you, enthuses you, ...
You're sixteen, you're beautiful and you're mine.
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Cyanobacteria Temporal range: 3500–0Ma |
Tolypothrix sp. | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
Kingdom: | Eubacteria |
Phylum: | Cyanobacteria |
Orders | |
The taxonomy is currently under revision[1][2]
Chroococcales (suborders-Chamaesiphonales and Pleurocapsales)
Nostocales (= Hormogonales or Oscillatoriales)
Synonyms | |
Cyanobacteria /saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə/, also known as Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis.[4] The name "cyanobacteria" comes from the color of the bacteria (Greek: κυανός (kyanós) = blue). They are often called blue-green algae, but some consider that name a misnomer as cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and algae should be eukaryotic,[5] although other definitions of algae encompass prokaryotic organisms.[6]
By producing oxygen as a gas as a by-product of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria are thought to have converted the early reducing atmosphere into an oxidizing one, which dramatically changed the composition of life forms on Earth by stimulating biodiversity and leading to the near-extinction of oxygen-intolerant organisms. According to endosymbiotic theory, the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis.
Cyanobacteria can be found in almost every terrestrial and aquatic habitat—oceans, fresh water, damp soil, temporarily moistened rocks in deserts, bare rock and soil, and even Antarctic rocks. They can occur as planktonic cells or form phototrophic biofilms. They are found in almost every endolithic ecosystem.[7] A few are endosymbionts in lichens, plants, various protists, or sponges and provide energy for the host. Some live in the fur of sloths, providing a form of camouflage.[8]
Aquatic cyanobacteria are known for their extensive and highly visible blooms that can form in both freshwater and marine environments. The blooms can have the appearance of blue-green paint or scum. These blooms can be toxic, and frequently lead to the closure of recreational waters when spotted. Marine bacteriophages are significant parasites of unicellular marine cyanobacteria.[9]
Cyanobacteria are a photosynthetic nitrogen fixing group that survive in wide variety of habitat, soil and water. In this group photosynthetic pigments are cyanophycin, allo-phycocyanine and erythro-phycocyanine. Their thallu varies from unicellular to filamentous, filamentous heterocystous.they fix atmospheric nitrogen in aerobic condition by heterocyst, specialized cell, and in anaerobic condition.
Nitrogen fixation[edit]
Cyanobacteria include unicellular and colonial species. Colonies may form filaments, sheets or even hollow balls. Some filamentous colonies show the ability to differentiate into several different cell types: vegetative cells, the normal, photosynthetic cells that are formed under favorable growing conditions; akinetes, the climate-resistant spores that may form when environmental conditions become harsh; and thick-walled heterocysts, which contain the enzyme nitrogenase, vital for nitrogen fixation. Heterocysts may also form under the appropriate environmental conditions (anoxic) when fixed nitrogen is scarce. Heterocyst-forming species are specialized for nitrogen fixation and are able to fix nitrogen gas into ammonia (NH3), nitrites (NO−
2) or nitrates (NO−
3), which can be absorbed by plants and converted to protein and nucleic acids (atmospheric nitrogen is not bioavailable to plants).
Rice plantations utilize healthy populations of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena, as symbiotes of the aquatic fern Azolla) for use as rice paddy fertilizer.[10]
Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth. They are the most genetically diverse; they occupy a broad range of habitats across all latitudes, widespread in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and they are found in the most extreme niches such as hot springs, salt works, and hypersaline bays. Photoautotrophic, oxygen-producing cyanobacteria created the conditions in the planet's early atmosphere that directed the evolution of aerobic metabolism and eukarotic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria fulfill vital ecological functions in the world's oceans, being important contributors to global carbon and nitrogen budgets.
– Stewart and Falconer[11]
Many cyanobacteria form motile filaments of cells, called hormogonia, that travel away from the main biomass to bud and form new colonies elsewhere. The cells in a hormogonium are often thinner than in the vegetative state, and the cells on either end of the motile chain may be tapered. In order to break away from the parent colony, a hormogonium often must tear apart a weaker cell in a filament, called a necridium.
Each individual cell of a cyanobacterium typically has a thick, gelatinous cell wall. They lack flagella, but hormogonia of some species can move about by gliding along surfaces. Many of the multi-cellular filamentous forms of Oscillatoria are capable of a waving motion; the filament oscillates back and forth. In water columns some cyanobacteria float by forming gas vesicles, as in archaea. These vesicles are not organelles as such. They are not bounded by lipid membranes but by a protein sheath.
Some of these organisms contribute significantly to global ecology and the oxygen cycle. The tiny marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus was discovered in 1986 and accounts for more than half of the photosynthesis of the open ocean.[12] Many cyanobacteria even display the circadian rhythms that were once thought to exist only in eukaryotic cells (see bacterial circadian rhythms).
Carbon fixation[edit]
Cyanobacteria use the energy of sunlight to drive photosynthesis, a process where the energy of light is used to split water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons. While most of the high-energy electrons derived from water are used by the cyanobacterial cells for their own needs, a fraction of these electrons are donated to the external environment via electrogenic activity.[13] Cyanobacterial electrogenic activity is an important microbiological conduit of solar energy into the biosphere.
Metabolism and organelles[edit]
As with any prokaryotic organism, cyanobacteria do not have nuclei or an internal membrane system. However, many species of cyanobacteria have folds on their external membranes that function in photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria get their colour from the bluish pigment phycocyanin, which they use to capture light for photosynthesis. In general, photosynthesis in cyanobacteria uses water as an electron donor and produces oxygen as a by-product, though some may also use hydrogen sulfide[14] a process which occurs among other photosynthetic bacteria such as the purple sulfur bacteria. Carbon dioxide is reduced to form carbohydrates via the Calvin cycle. In most forms, the photosynthetic machinery is embedded into folds of the cell membrane, called thylakoids. The large amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere are considered to have been first created by the activities of ancient cyanobacteria. They are often found as symbionts with a number of other groups of organisms such as fungi (lichens), corals, pteridophytes (Azolla), angiosperms (Gunnera) etc.
Many cyanobacteria are able to reduce nitrogen and carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions, a fact that may be responsible for their evolutionary and ecological success. The water-oxidizing photosynthesis is accomplished by coupling the activity of photosystem (PS) II and I (Z-scheme). In anaerobic conditions, they are also able to use only PS I—cyclic photophosphorylation—with electron donors other than water (hydrogen sulfide, thiosulphate, or even molecular hydrogen[15]) just like purple photosynthetic bacteria. Furthermore, they share an archaeal property, the ability to reduce elemental sulfur by anaerobic respiration in the dark. Their photosynthetic electron transport shares the same compartment as the components of respiratory electron transport. Their plasma membrane contains only components of the respiratory chain, while the thylakoid membrane hosts an interlinked respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chain.[citation needed] The terminal oxidases in the thylakoid membrane respiratory/photosynthetic electron transport chain are essential for survival to rapid light changes, although not for dark maintenance under conditions where cells are not light stressed.[16]
Attached to thylakoid membrane, phycobilisomes act as light harvesting antennae for the photosystems. The phycobilisome components (phycobiliproteins) are responsible for the blue-green pigmentation of most cyanobacteria. The variations on this theme are due mainly to carotenoids and phycoerythrins that give the cells the red-brownish coloration. In some cyanobacteria, the color of light influences the composition of phycobilisomes. In green light, the cells accumulate more phycoerythrin, whereas in red light they produce more phycocyanin. Thus the bacteria appear green in red light and red in green light. This process is known as complementary chromatic adaptation and is a way for the cells to maximize the use of available light for photosynthesis.
A few genera, however, lack phycobilisomes and have chlorophyll b instead (Prochloron, Prochlorococcus, Prochlorothrix). These were originally grouped together as the prochlorophytes or chloroxybacteria, but appear to have developed in several different lines of cyanobacteria. For this reason they are now considered as part of the cyanobacterial group.[citation needed]
Relationship to chloroplasts[edit]
Chloroplasts found in eukaryotes (algae and plants) likely evolved from an endosymbiotic relation with cyanobacteria. This endosymbiotic theory is supported by various structural and genetic similarities.[18] Primary chloroplasts are found among the "true plants" or green plants – species ranging from sea lettuce to evergreens and flowers that contain chlorophyll b – as well as among the red algae and glaucophytes, marine species that contain phycobilins. It now appears that these chloroplasts probably had a single origin, in an ancestor of the clade called Archaeplastida. Other algae likely took their chloroplasts from these forms by secondary endosymbiosis or ingestion.
Earth history[edit]
Historically, bacteria were first classified as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, which along with the Schizophyceae (blue green algae/Cyanobacteria) formed the phylum Schizophyta.[19] then in the phylum Monera in the kingdom Protista by Haeckel in 1866, comprising Protogens, Protamaeba, Vampyrella, Protomonae and Vibrio, but not Nostoc and other cyanobacteria, which were classified with algae[20] later reclassified as the Prokaryotes by Chatton.[21]
The cyanobacteria were traditionally classified by morphology into five sections, referred to by the numerals I-V. The first three – Chroococcales, Pleurocapsales, and Oscillatoriales – are not supported by phylogenetic studies. However, the latter two – Nostocales and Stigonematales – are monophyletic, and make up the heterocystous cyanobacteria. The members of Chroococales are unicellular and usually aggregate in colonies. The classic taxonomic criterion has been the cell morphology and the plane of cell division. In Pleurocapsales, the cells have the ability to form internal spores (baeocytes). The rest of the sections include filamentous species. In Oscillatoriales, the cells are uniseriately arranged and do not form specialized cells (akinetes and heterocysts). In Nostocales and Stigonematales the cells have the ability to develop heterocysts in certain conditions. Stigonematales, unlike Nostocales, includes species with truly branched trichomes. Most taxa included in the phylum or division Cyanobacteria have not yet been validly published under the Bacteriological Code. Except:
- The classes Chroobacteria, Hormogoneae and Gloeobacteria
- The orders Chroococcales, Gloeobacterales, Nostocales, Oscillatoriales, Pleurocapsales and Stigonematales
- The families Prochloraceae and Prochlorotrichaceae
- The genera Halospirulina, Planktothricoides, Prochlorococcus, Prochloron, Prochlorothrix.
Biotechnology and applications[edit]
The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was the third prokaryote and first photosynthetic organism whose genome was completely sequenced.[22] It continues to be an important model organism.[23] The smallest genomes have been found in Prochlorococcus spp. (1.7 Mb)[24][25] and the largest in Nostoc punctiforme (9 Mb).[26] Those of Calothrix spp. are estimated at 12–15 Mb,[27] as large as yeast.
Some cyanobacteria are sold as food, notably Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina).[28]
Recent research has suggested the potential application of cyanobacteria to the generation of renewable energy via converting sunlight into electricity. Internal photosynthetic pathways can be coupled to chemical mediators that transfer electrons to external electrodes.[29] Currently efforts are underway to commercialize algae-based fuels such as diesel, gasoline and jet fuel.[13][30][31]
Researchers from a company called Algenol have cultured genetically modified cyanobacteria in sea water inside a clear plastic enclosure so that they first make sugar (pyruvate) from CO2 and the water via photosynthesis. Then, the bacteria secrete ethanol from the cell into the salt water. As the day progresses, and the solar radiation intensifies, ethanol concentrations build up and the ethanol itself evaporates onto the roof of the enclosure. As the sun recedes, evaporated ethanol and water condenses into droplets, which run along the plastic walls and into ethanol collectors, from where it is extracted from the enclosure with the water and ethanol separated outside the enclosure. As of March 2013, Algenol was claiming to have tested its technology in Florida and to have achieved yields of 9,000 US gallons per acre per year.[32] This could potentially meet US demands for ethanol in gasoline in 2025, assuming a B30 blend, from an area of around half the size of California's San Bernardino County, requiring less than one tenth of the area than ethanol from other biomass, such as corn, and only very limited amounts of fresh water.[33]
Cyanobacteria may possess the ability to produce substances that could one day serve as anti-inflammatory agents and combat bacterial infections in humans.[34]
Spirulina's extracted blue color is used as a natural food coloring in gum and candy.[35]
Health risks[edit]
Some cyanobacteria produce toxins, called cyanotoxins. These include anatoxin-a, anatoxin-as, aplysiatoxin, cylindrospermopsin, domoic acid, microcystin LR, nodularin R (from Nodularia), neosaxitoxin and saxitoxin. Cyanobacteria reproduce explosively under certain conditions. This results in algal blooms, which can become harmful to other species if the cyanobacteria involved produce toxins.
These toxins can be neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, and endotoxins, and can be toxic and dangerous to humans as well as other animals and marine life in general. Several cases of human poisoning have been documented but a lack of knowledge prevents an accurate assessment of the risks.[36][37][38] Recent studies suggest that significant exposure to high levels of some species of cyanobacteria producing toxins such as BMAA can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease). The Lake Mascoma ALS cluster [39] and Gulf War veteran's cluster are two notable examples.[37][38][40]
Dietary supplementation[edit]
Microalgae contain substances of high biological value, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids (proteins), pigments, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals.[41] Edible blue-green algae reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in macrophages and splenocytes.[42] Consumption of edible blue green algae may also reduce risks of cataracts and age related macular degeneration.[43] It has also shown mitigative effects in animal models of non-alcohol related liver disease, such as steatohepatitis,[44] and Parkinson's disease.[45] Sulfate polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and even antiviral activity against HIV, herpes, and hepatitis.[46] They also improve insulin resistance in HIV.[47] They also protect against aflatoxin and cisplatin chemotherapy induced liver damage.[48][49] These positive health benefits must be distinguished from non-edible species of algae, which are detrimental to health.[50]
See also[edit]
- Anatoxin
- Archean Eon of Earth's prehistory
- Bacterial phyla, the other major lineages of domain Bacteria
- Biofertilizer
- Cyanobiont
- Geological history of oxygen
- The Great Oxygenation Event
- Hypolith
- Microbial mats
- Microalgae
- Phoslock
- Phytoplankton
- Proterozoic Eon of Earth's prehistory
- Sippewissett Microbial Mat
- Stromatolite
- ^ "Cyanophyceae". Cyanophyceae. Access Science. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Ahoren Oren (2004). "A proposal for further integration of the cyanobacteria under the Bacteriological Code". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54 (Pt 5): 1895–1902. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03008-0. PMID 15388760.
- ^ O. P. Sharma. Textbook of Algae
- ^ "Life History and Ecology of Cyanobacteria". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
- ^ Allaby, M ed. (1992). "Algae". The Concise Dictionary of Botany. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Lee, R. E. (2008). Phycology. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ de los Ríos, A; Grube, M; Sancho, LG; Ascaso, C (February 2007). "Ultrastructural and genetic characteristics of endolithic cyanobacterial biofilms colonizing Antarctic granite rocks.". FEMS microbiology ecology 59 (2): 386–95. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00256.x. PMID 17328119.
- ^ Vaughan, Terry (2011). Mammalogy. Jones and Barlett. p. 21. ISBN 9780763762995.
- ^ Photosynthetic viruses keep world's oxygen levels up New Scientist 30 August 2009 by Nora Schultz
- ^ "Azolla-Anabaena as a Biofertilizer for Rice Paddy Fields in the Po Valley, a Temperate Rice Area in Northern Italy". Azolla-Anabaena as a Biofertilizer for Rice Paddy Fields in the Po Valley, a Temperate Rice Area in Northern Italy. International Journal of Agronomy. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Stewart I and Falconer IR (2008) "Cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial toxins" Pages 271–296 in Oceans and human health: risks and remedies from the seas, Eds: Walsh PJ, Smith SL and Fleming LE. Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-372584-4.
- ^ Steve Nadis, The Cells That Rule the Seas, Scientific American, Nov. 2003 [1]
- ^ a b Pisciotta JM, Zou Y, Baskakov IV (2010). "Light-Dependent Electrogenic Activity of Cyanobacteria". In Yang, Ching-Hong. PLoS ONE 5 (5): e10821. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010821. PMC 2876029. PMID 20520829.
- ^ Cohen Y, Jørgensen BB, Revsbech NP, Poplawski R (1986). "Adaptation to hydrogen sulfide of oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis among Cyanobacteria". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51 (2): 398–407. PMC 238881. PMID 16346996.
- ^ Champion Hydrogen-Producing Microbe, ScienceDaily, December 15, 2010
- ^ Lea-Smith, D. J.; Ross, N.; Zori, M.; Bendall, D. S.; Dennis, J. S.; Scott, S. A.; Smith, A. G.; Howe, C. J. (5 March 2013). "Thylakoid Terminal Oxidases Are Essential for the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to Survive Rapidly Changing Light Intensities". Plant Physiology 162 (1): 484–495. doi:10.1104/pp.112.210260. PMC 3641225. PMID 23463783.
- ^ Enrique Flores AH (2008). The Cyanobacteria: Molecular Biology, Genomics and Evolution. Horizon. p. 3. ISBN 1-904455-15-8.
- ^ Summarised in Cavalier-Smith (2000), Trends Plant Sci, 5: 174–182.
- ^ C. Von Nägeli (1857). "Bericht über die Verhandlungen der 33. Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte, gehalten in Bonn von 18 bis 24 September 1857" [Report on the negotiations on 33 Meeting of German Natural Scientists and Physicians, held in Bonn, 18 to 24 September 1857]. In R. Caspary. Botanische Zeitung 15: 749–776.
- ^ Haeckel, Ernst (1867). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Reimer, Berlin.
- ^ É. Chatton (1925). "Pansporella perplexa. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires". Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 10-VII: 1–84.
- ^ T. Kaneko et al. (1996). "Kaneko, T. et al. (1996) Sequence analysis of the genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. II. Sequence determination of the entire genome and assignment of potential protein-coding regions". DNA Res. 3 (3): 109–136. doi:10.1093/dnares/3.3.109. PMID 8905231.
- ^ Tabei Y, Okada K, Tsuzuki M (2007). "Sll1330 controls the expression of glycolytic genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 355 (4): 1045–50. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.065. PMID 17331473.
- ^ G. Rocap et al. (2003). "Genome divergence in two Prochlorococcus ecotypes reflects oceanic niche differentiation". Nature 424 (6952): 1042–1047. doi:10.1038/nature01947. PMID 12917642.
- ^ A. Dufresne et al. (2003). "Genome sequence of the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus SS120, a nearly minimal oxyphototrophic genome". Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100 (17): 10020–10025. doi:10.1073/pnas.1733211100. PMC 187748. PMID 12917486.
- ^ J.C. Meeks et al. (2001). "An overview of the genome of Nostoc punctiforme, a multicellular, symbiotic cyanobacterium". Photosynth. Res. 70 (1): 85–106. doi:10.1023/A:1013840025518. PMID 16228364.
- ^ M. Herdman et al. (1979). "Genome size of cyanobacteria". J. Gen. Microbiol. 111: 73–85. doi:10.1099/00221287-111-1-73.
- ^ Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E, Isambert A (2006). "Commercial applications of microalgae". J. Biosci. Bioeng. 101 (2): 87–96. doi:10.1263/jbb.101.87. PMID 16569602.
- ^ Quintana, N.; Van der Kooy, F.; Van de Rhee, M.D.; Voshol, G.P.; Verpoorte, R. (2011). "Renewable energy from Cyanobacteria: energy production optimization by metabolic pathway engineering". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 91 (3): 471–490. doi:10.1007/s00253-011-3394-0. PMC 3136707. PMID 21691792.
- ^ Blue green bacteria may help generate 'green' electricity, The Hindu, June 21, 2010
- ^ Joule wins key patent for GMO cyanobacteria that create fuels from sunlight, CO2 and water. Biofuels Digest (2010-09-14). Retrieved on 2011-04-06.
- ^ http://www.algenolbiofuels.com/sites/default/files/press_releases/Production%20and%20Jobs%20Press%20Release%2003.08.2013.pdf. Missing or empty
(help) - ^ Take it to the Limit: Algenol and rising yields in advanced biofuels. Biofuels Digest (2012-09-25). Retrieved on 2012-09-25.
- ^ "Nuisance seaweed found to produce compounds with biomedical potential". Sciencedaily.com. 2012-05-24. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.03.014. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
- ^ "August 13, 2013 Federal Register; FDA Approves Natural Blue Color Additive Extracted from Spirulina".
- ^ Cyanobacteria, their toxins and health risks
- ^ a b Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) and their Toxins
- ^ a b Harmful Bloom in Lake Atitlán, Guatemala from NASA Earth Observatory, retrieved on 9 January 2010.
- ^ Disease Cluster Found at Mascoma Lake , New Hampshire – ALS Research & Treatments – ALS Forum. Als.net. Retrieved on 2011-04-06.
- ^ their toxins and health risks
- ^ Christaki, E.; Florou-Paneri, P.; Bonos, E. (2011). "Microalgae: A novel ingredient in nutrition". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 62 (8): 794–799. doi:10.3109/09637486.2011.582460. PMID 21574818.
- ^ Ku, C. S.; Pham, T. X.; Park, Y.; Kim, B.; Shin, M.; Kang, I.; Lee, J. (2013). "Edible blue-green algae reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in macrophages and splenocytes". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.018. PMID 23357040.
- ^ Yu, B.; Wang, J.; Suter, P. M.; Russell, R. M.; Grusak, M. A.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Yin, S.; Tang, G. (2012). "Spirulina is an effective dietary source of zeaxanthin to humans". British Journal of Nutrition 108 (4): 611–619. doi:10.1017/S0007114511005885. PMID 22313576.
- ^ Pak, W.; Takayama, F.; Mine, M.; Nakamoto, K.; Kodo, Y.; Mankura, M.; Egashira, T.; Kawasaki, H.; Mori, A. (2012). "Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of spirulina on rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis". Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 51 (3): 227–234. doi:10.3164/jcbn.12-18. PMC 3491249. PMID 23170052.
- ^ Pabon, M. M.; Jernberg, J. N.; Morganti, J.; Contreras, J.; Hudson, C. E.; Klein, R. L.; Bickford, P. C. (2012). "A Spirulina-Enhanced Diet Provides Neuroprotection in an α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson's Disease". In Block, Michelle L. PLoS ONE 7 (9): e45256. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045256. PMC 3445455. PMID 23028885.
- ^ Mišurcová, L.; Škrovánková, S. A.; Samek, D. A.; Ambrožová, J.; Machů, L. (2012). Health Benefits of Algal Polysaccharides in Human Nutrition. "Advances in Food and Nutrition Research Volume 66". Advances in food and nutrition research. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 66: 75–145. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394597-6.00003-3. ISBN 9780123945976. PMID 22909979.
- ^ Marcel, A. K.; Ekali, L. G.; Eugene, S.; Arnold, O. E.; Sandrine, E. D.; Von Der Weid, D.; Gbaguidi, E.; Ngogang, J.; Mbanya, J. C. (2011). "The Effect of Spirulina platensis versus Soybean on Insulin Resistance in HIV-Infected Patients: A Randomized Pilot Study". Nutrients 3 (12): 712–724. doi:10.3390/nu3070712. PMC 3257696. PMID 22254118.
- ^ Hassan, A. M.; Abdel-Aziem, S. H.; Abdel-Wahhab, M. A. (2012). "Modulation of DNA damage and alteration of gene expression during aflatoxicosis via dietary supplementation of Spirulina (Arthrospira) and whey protein concentrate". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 79: 294–300. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.01.017. PMID 22325339.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, S.; Mehta, P. (2012). "The hepatoprotective potential of Spirulina and vitamin C supplemention in cisplatin toxicity". Food & Function 3 (2): 164–169. doi:10.1039/c1fo10172b. PMID 22119940.
- ^ Han, B. P.; Lin, X.; Lei, L.; Gu, J. (2012). "Survivals of D. Galeata in sub-tropical reservoirs: Harmful effects of toxic cyanobacteria in food source". Ecotoxicology 21 (6): 1692–1705. doi:10.1007/s10646-012-0940-1. PMID 22678553.
Further reading[edit]
- Gillian Cribbs (1997), Nature's Superfood: the Blue-Green Algae Revolution, Newleaf, ISBN 0-7522-0569-2.
- Marshall Savage (1992, 1994), The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps, Little, Brown, ISBN 0-316-77163-5.
- Fogg, G.E., Stewart, W.D.P., Fay, P. and Walsby, A.E. (1973), The Blue-green Algae, Academic Press, London and New York, ISBN 0-12-261650-2.
- "Architects of the earth's atmosphere", Introduction to the Cyanobacteria, University of California, Berkeley, 3 Feb. 2006.
- Whitton, B. A., Phylum Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria), in The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-77051-3.
- Pentecost A., Franke U. (2010). "Photosynthesis and calcification of the stromatolitic freshwater cyanobacterium Rivularia". Eur. J. Phycol 45 (4): 345–353. doi:10.1080/09670262.2010.492914..
- Whitton, B. A. and Potts, M. (2000), The Ecology of Cyanobacteria: their Diversity in Time and Space, Springer, ISBN 0-7923-4735-8.
- "From Micro-Algae to Blue Oil", ParisTech Review, Dec. 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyanobacteria. |
- What Are Cyanobacteria And What Are Its Types?
- Overview of cyanobacteria
- Webserver for Cyanobacteria Research
- CyanoBase
- Growth Model for the Blue-Green Alga Anabaena catenula Wolfram Demonstrations Project—requires CDF player (free)
- Diving an Antarctic Time Capsule Filled With Primordial Life
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I never thought much about which foot to unclip until I saw a cyclist unclip the left foot and then fall over to the right directly in front of a car approaching from behind and turning left. The driver had very good reflexes and managed to slam on the brakes and stop about 10cm from the cyclists head.
Since that incident, I have counted myself lucky that I developed the habit of unclipping the right foot.


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More copies of this ISBNThis title in other editionsFix-It and Forget-It Cookbook: Feasting with Your Slow Cookerby Phyllis Pellma Good
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Synopses & ReviewsPublisher Comments:Who?s hungry? EVERYONE. Who has time to cook? NO ONE.
Dig out the slow cooker. Add a second and a third if you wish. Fill one with main-dish fixins and the others with go-alongs. Do it in the morning — or between work and after-school events. Come home to richly-flavored, ready-to-serve food. Slow cookers are having a comeback. With good reason. They are friends on a day of running errands. They allow easy entertaining with no last-minute preparation. And vegetarians won?t find a better way to work with dried beans. Slow cookers are gentle with the food budget — less expensive ingredients flourish in their slow, moist heat. Fix-It and Forget-It offers more than 800 recipes — the whole range of recipes slow cookers do well: Appetizers and Snacks, Soups and Stews, Main Dishes (with and without meat), Vegetables and Go-Alongs, Desserts and Beverages. Tips and Hints are dropped in throughout, urging one additional small step for lots of extra flavor, offering ways to make your cooker a complementary appliance, explaining seasoning to maximum effect. Bring an element of simplicity — and quality — to your pressured life! Let your slow cooker work for you. Synopsis:The "Fix-It and Forget-It Cookbook" offers over 800 recipes for a wide range of dishes that can be prepared in slow cookers, including appetizers and snacks, soups and stews, main dishes (with and without meat), vegetables, and so much more!
Synopsis:This "New York Times" bestseller includes more than 800 wonderful recipes and has already sold more than 4.5 million copies! Scrumptious slow cooker favorites, from appetizers to desserts.
Synopsis:Bring an element of simplicity and quality to your pressure life!
About the AuthorDawn J. Ranck has been a convinced slow-cooker user for years. She, along with her many friends, have been lining up their various-sized cookers on their kitchen counters before they set off each morning — and coming home to richly flavored full dinners. Ranck, who lives in Harrisonburg, Virginia, is the co-author of A Quilter?s Christmas Cookbook and Favorite Recipes with Herbs.
Phyllis Pellman Good has been part of many cookbook projects, authoring The Best of Amish Cooking and The Festival Cookbook, and co-authoring Recipes from Central Market, Favorite Recipes with Herbs, The Best of Mennonite Fellowship Meals, and From Amish and Mennonite Kitchens. Good and her husband, Merle, live in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and are co-directors of The People?s Place, a heritage interpretation center in the Lancaster County village of Intercourse, Pennsylvania. Table of ContentsAbout This Cookbook
Appetizers, Snacks, and Spreads Breakfast Foods Breads Soups, Stews, and Chilis Main Dishes Bean Main Dishes Vegetables Desserts Beverages Index About the Authors What Our Readers Are SayingBe the first to add a comment for a chance to win!Product Details
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Two double beds non smoking - No Refund.
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Stevensville hotel with an indoor pool
Situated near the beach in Stevensville, this hotel is in the same area as Lakeland Regional Medical Center and Silver Beach. Regional attractions also include Harbor Shores Golf Club and Round Barn Winery.
Hotel Features
Hampton Inn I-94 St Joseph offers a complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast. Other amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access, a 24-hour business center, and laundry facilities.
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All guestrooms feature jetted bathtubs, complimentary wireless Internet access, and DVD players. Other amenities include coffee/tea makers and hair dryers.
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High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. A 24-hour business center is on site. A complimentary breakfast is offered each morning. This Stevensville hotel also offers an indoor pool, a picnic area, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Onsite parking is complimentary. Guests can use the business facilities at a partner hotel.
Hampton Inn I-94 St Joseph is a smoke-free property.
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- Total number of rooms - 74
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Available in all rooms: Free Wi-Fi
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Free parking, RV, bus, truck parking
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Minimum check-in age is 21
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We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
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The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


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Chicago native Catherine O'Connell is the author of three novels: Well Read and Dead, Well Bred and Dead, and Skins.
A graduate of the University of Colorado School of Journalism, she has worked in a number of roles in various fields, including hotel maid, bar manager, floor runner at the Chicago Board of Trade, sommelier, and sales executive in the fine wine business. Her varied experiences give her insight into many walks of life that she incorporates into her writing.
A member of Mystery Writers of America and Sisters in Crime, she sits on the board of the Aspen Writers' Foundation and oversees the foundation's weekly writers group. She has also served as a moderator of the Great Books and Sharing Shakespeare programs at the Aspen Institute.
Catherine has appeared on ABC, NBC, CBS, the Cox network, and numerous radio shows, including WGN Radio's Sunday Papers with Rick Kogan.
A consummate reader, wine expert, skier, back-country hiker, and biker, she divides her time between Aspen, Chicago, and Paris. She is currently working on Well Wed and Dead.
What's next? I've been so crazy busy promoting Well Read and Dead that I'm just getting around to filling out forms that were due two months ago. But "what's next" is a lot of things.
First, I'm busy at work on Well Wed and Dead, Pauline Cook's next adventure which involves a wedding, a funeral and the IRS. Need I say more?
Then, I'm also working on getting more web savvy. My goal is to reach out to more readers and eventually get to my own blog. But at present, I'm still trying to conquer the Facebook challenge—never mind Twitter. I'm not sure when writers find time to write their books anymore.
I love to give advice to writers since I have personally experienced all the pits and pratfalls of the business. I have a presentation that I call Page to Published: How to Pierce the Literary Firewall, and I give it frequently at libraries and at some book signings. I will be presenting it at the Harold Washington Public Library in Chicago on June 3 2009 at 7:00 in the Author's Room. I'll be giving it again on June 16 at the Basalt Public Library in Basalt, Colorado. Also at 7:00.
In June, I am also honored to be on a panel at Chicago's Printer's Row Literary Festival with such gifted writers as Libby Hellman, Laura Caldwell, Gillian Flynn and Tasha Alexander. We're scheduled for Sunday June 7, but don't have an exact time yet.
Finally for June, I'm appearing at an author tea open to the public on June 9 at 2:00 in the Palm Court of the Drake Hotel in Chicago. This is in honor of Pauline Cook, my protagonist, and her fondness for the grande dame of hotels. Pauline loves the Drake so much, in Well Read and Dead she takes up residence there when she finds her co-op to be uninhabitable. Not bad digs. Join us high tea and a glass of Taittinger!


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Al Mar Petite Chef Knife 4.75" Blade Mirror Polished Edge Laminated Steel
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AMC4: Petite Chef's Knife
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Al Mar has imported some of the finest kitchen cutlery produced in Japan. They offer a series of Chef's knives and each has a mirror polished rolled edge. The steel used is laminated with a very hard VG-2 stainless core offering outstanding edge retention. They are full tang knives (meaning the steel from the blade extends to the end of the handle) and have a fully forged bolster.
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The exotic steel Capital of the World, Japan produces and innovates some of the best products, from pocket to kitchen knives and everything in between.
Similar to G10, Micarta is a a compressed layered composite which instead of using fiberglass, uses fiber compounds of any type of create a strong, attractive material that is impervious to water.


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Friday, September 14, 2012
"You are the shelter from the rain, and the rain that washes me away"
by Jars of Clay (I Need You)
It was an unexpected Thursday night of the weekly shutter therapy session that the sky decided to cruelly pour on us. To most people, that would be a cue to stop and give up the session for the night. Not to us, well, the fun has just started. I know, call us crazy, but if you have the heart to shoot, rain or shine, you will still shoot. The weather is not an excuse !!
With an umbrella on one hand, camera on another, we attacked the streets of Bukit Bintang, capturing some of the most liveliest expressions and mood ever. Ideas, inspiration and motivation all came from Luke Ding.
All images were taken with Olympus PEN E-PL1 and kit lens 14-42mm. Flash was used, and ISO was set to between 1600-3200.
It was surely a different experience shooting in the rain. There was the fear of getting the camera splashed (hence the need for weather-sealed camera such as the OM-D E-M5), and walking in shoes which were very slippery under wet conditions (I was not prepared for rain). Nonetheless, it was a very enjoyable session, because everything was so dynamic on the street, with people running toward the nearby shelter, or putting all sorts of weird things on or over their head to cover from the rain.
An extremely busy weekend coming ahead. I hope I have spare time for shutter therapy !!
18 comments:
- Eric P9/14/2012 08:42:00 AM
good on you, Robin.. Rain or shine, still shoot ;0)
love the different reaction of pple walking/running in rain
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Apr 11, 2013 | 03:12 PM | Daniel Fitzgerald
Tags Chinese demand, copper prices, steel prices, Wiktor Bielski, VTB Capital, VTB Capital Investment Forum, London Metal Exchange, warehousing Hong Kong Exchanges & Clearing
NEW YORK Copper and steel prices should rise over the course of 2013 as Chinese demand rebounds following the countrys leadership transition, according to VTB Capital Plc. Chinese demand for industrial metals is poised to bounce back over the next six to 12 months after having "bottomed out" during the third quarter of 2012, Wiktor Bielski, the Moscow-based companys global head of commodities research, said at the VTB Capital Investment Forum in New York.....
NEW YORK Copper and steel prices should rise over the course of 2013 as Chinese demand rebounds following the countrys leadership transition, according to VTB Capital Plc.
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Will more metals companies discontinue health care coverage for their employees in light of the Affordable Care Act?
June 20-21, 2013 New York
Billet is the strongest part of the aluminum business right now. ... I can't pinpoint exactly why (but) ... some customers are ordering double what they did last year.
--Aluminum trader


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Snackin' in Saigon
Sit down Hanoi, watch, and learn from your southern sister, Ho Chi Minh City (a.k.a. Saigon or HCMC). Though we unfortunately didn't have the opportunity to dive into Saigon as deeply as we did Hanoi, we can safely say we prefer its street food scene, hands down. Continue Reading »


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Our 3 year old Siberian Husky, Bella, looks forward to every Thursday when "cousin" Jackson comes to play. Bella is preparing for her first sibling (our first baby) in February!
Bella and "cousin" Jackson
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Jacob and Marlene Feigitsch of Surrey will celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary with a family gathering today, June 17. Marlene Hoffmeyer and Jacob Feigitsch were married June 17, 1962, in Hebron.
Their children are Terry Feigitsch and Shelley Lee, both Surrey; Vicki Heilman, Fargo; Shannon Feigitsch, Minot. The couple has nine grandchildren and one great-grandchild. Cards may be sent to them at: 15-3rd St., Surrey, ND 58785.


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Game Recap 5/22/11: Redemption, Thy Name Is Interleague Play - Angels 4, Braves 1
Redemption, thy name is interleague play.
Count me among the growing segment of baseball fans who has seen enough of interleague play, but I guess it does have its good points. Specifically, interleague has always been very kind to the Halos.
This final game of this particular interleague series was all about giving the Angels a shot at redemption on multiple fronts. Redemption from having choked away last night's game. Redemption for Tyler Chatwood's last rough start. Redemption for several struggling position players. Check, check and check.
As much as I was waiting for the three-run Angel lead to disappear in the late innings, it never really came to pass. A big part of that was Tyler Chatwood showing composure beyond his years to overcome early trouble and buckle down to keep Atlanta in check deep into the game. That permitted the Angels to avoid using some of the more unsavory relievers in their pen and rely only on Downs and Walden.
The Halos even showed some uncharacteristic offensive pluck by scoring some insurance runs in the latter innings, led by the heretofore struggling veteran duo of Bobby Abreu.


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With a few free minutes before the last show of the day, it's tempting to step outside of fashion for a moment and catch up on what's happening in the rest of the world. And, possibly, that could lead to wondering whether this final presentation will be able to be contextualized within said rest of the world. Maybe it'll reflect on societal norms, or the economy. Or, since it's Narciso Rodriguez, a designer so entrenched in a certain New York City aesthetic, maybe it'll be analogous to the mayoral primaries, happening at that very moment. Or maybe the colors will match those of the new multi-hued iPhone 5C. Or not. Sometimes there is no overarching, greater meaning—beyond that of great clothes. Even the designer, when describing the origins of his spring collection, was fairly straightforward. It was a continuation of resort, he said backstage, and playing with textures and artisanal touches to create the perfect pieces. And it was pretty. What more do you want?
Well, for one thing, come next summer if not sooner, you'll want a slip dress. Because based on what's been on the runways here, the slip dress is gaining traction as the piece for spring. And you'd be well off in Rodriguez's: sheer white spaghetti-strapped silks with flecks of sun-gold metallic in barely detectable floral patterns. They came out toward the end, after looks including an only slightly more structured strapless number in mint green with a swath of loden fabric trailing across the body and down the back. That train, juxtaposed against the short, sporty hemline gave off a really appealing and modern idea of elegance and speed (the latter of which was amplified by chic, pointed-toe flats with ankle straps).
What else was pretty? A lot. The short, jacquard shift in light coral and blush florals, and a dusty rose sleeveless and asymmetrical silk top with a shiny short wrap skirt come first to mind. And the black-and-white wool jackets and coats that opened the show recalled the nineties-era minimalism that's been running not only through this week but also Rodriguez's career. As a whole, these clothes represented the designer at top form: sharp, tailored, sexy and, at just the right moment, soft. And that's enough.
For a full profile and more information on Narciso Rodriguez, visit Voguepedia.com.
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Cleaners, Fluids, Lubricants, Oils, Polishes & Sprays
No, we're not talking about Guiness and Astroglide - though the combination does go hand-in-hand... We're talking about the lifeblood of your Yamaha XS Bobber, Brat or Chop! All the cams, pistons and valves will come to a screeching halt without the right oil...and not lubing that chain will result in a quickly worn sprocket. In other words, reducing friction increases performance. And on the outside of things, you might even want to polish that old girl with some of the great polishes and cleaners we've found in our travels. Now, somebody get me a black and tan!
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Dupont Teflon Silicone Spray Cleaner & Lubricant
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