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1. Introduction
Fines, or final concords, were conveyances of land by means of a legal action (normally fictitious after 1300), that resulted in a copy of the final agreement, or concord, between the purchaser, known as the querent, and the seller, known as the deforciant, being filed with the records of the king's court and open to public inspection. This final agreement was normally written out three times on a single sheet of parchment - two copies side by side and one copy across the bottom of the sheet, separated by an indented or wavy line. The purchaser kept one copy, the seller the other and the final copy - 'the foot of the fine'- was kept by the court as a central record of the conveyance. It was a means of having title registered to guard against subsequent fraud or forgery as copies if this three piece jig-saw would only fit together if genuine. There was no legal obligation to have title registered in this way. Often the fine is one of a series of conveyancing deeds some of which may give more detail about the property - such private deeds are less likely to have survived with the public records.
2. Feet of fines before 1509: CP 25/1
Medieval feet of fines made before the royal courts of law - mainly the Court of Common Pleas but in the 13th century also the Court of King's Bench and the roving General Eyre or Assize courts - are now in the record series CP 25/1. 'Feet' as such run from 1195, although there are some earlier concords in this series dating back to 1182. They are more significant than later fines as a medieval fine may be the only surviving record of a transfer, whereas post-medieval fines were normally taken out in addition to other types of deed transferring the property. A full historical account is given in the introductory note to the CP 25/1 series list. Most are now arranged by counties and then in rough chronological order. Some which relate to property in more than one county are arranged into 'Divers Counties' files. Others where the county is not obvious, are in 'Unknown Counties' files, or where they were omitted from the main county sequence, are in the 'Various Counties' files. To find all the fines relating to a particular county for a particular period, all these series should be checked.
There is no single comprehensive index of persons or places for the medieval feet of fines. Most of those for the period before 1216 have been published by the Record Commission or the Pipe Roll Society. For some counties, local record societies have published calendars of feet of fines for particular periods. A full list of such publications (to October 1992) appears in the introductory note to the CP 25/1 series list. They may not include all relevant fines from the Divers, Various and Unknown series. An up to date list of publications, and some new abstracts of fines, may be found on the website Some Notes On Medieval English Genealogy. There are also a number of miscellaneous indexes covering particular periods and counties, mainly compiled in the 17th century, that may be ordered as original documents and can be found in the IND 1 series.
3. Feet of fines, 1509-1833: CP 25/2
From the reign of Edward III, all feet of fines made in the central courts were made in the Court of Common Pleas, and are now filed in a number of groups by county, regnal year and legal term. There is no single comprehensive index of persons or places. A full list of such publications (to October 1992) appears in the introductory note to the CP 25/2 list; an up to date list of publications may be found on the website Some Notes On Medieval English Genealogy. Contemporary chronological indexes to the related Notes of Fines (CP 26/1-14) or drafts of the final concords, can be used to identify which feet ought to survive in CP 25/2 for a particular county. They are arranged by regnal year and legal term and then, within each term, by county, with separate groups for fines relating to properties in more than one county. From the CP 25/2 series you must now identify the bundle sub-number for fines relating to the area, and the Term, and then order as in this example:
- department code CP
- series number 25/2
- piece number 389/11James I Hil - exactly as it is in the list but removing all spaces
Particular cities may be listed under Civitas ('city') or towns under Villa ('town'). As with the fines themselves, the index entries are in Latin until 1733. Until 1759, each entry gives the name of the querent (purchaser), the name of the deforciant (vendor) and the name of the place(s) where the property lay. After 1759, only names of county and parties are given.
4. The Palatinates of Chester, Durham and Lancaster; and Wales
Feet of fines for Chester for the period 1280-1831 are in CHES 31; for Durham, 1535-1834 in DURH 12 and for Lancaster, 1377-1834, in PL 17. Feet of fines and related series for Wales, formerly in WALE 2, WALE 3 and WALE 6, are now in the National Library of Wales.
5. Information in a foot of fine
Final concords are written in Latin until 1733, but they do follow a standard form, always beginning Hec est finalis concordia, i.e. 'This is the final agreement'. The fine opens with the date, given by regnal year, legal term, and names of the judges. Regnal years and legal terms can be converted into conventional dates by using C R Cheney's Handbook of Dates. The key word to look for in the text is INTER, after which the names of the parties are given. Other abbreviations used include 'q' or 'quer'- the querent, and 'def' - the deforciants. The property description is formal and not intended for use as a detailed guide to property boundaries. The sum of money given is, by the 14th century, no longer the actual purchase price but a guide price to the value of the property on the open market. After 1489, the date on which the fine was 'proclaimed', i.e. announced in court, is endorsed on the back of the fine.
6. Further reading
R E Latham, 'Feet of Fines', The Amateur Historian, Vol. I, No. 1 (1952)
J Kissock 'Medieval Feet of Fines: A Study of Their Uses', The Local Historian, Vol. XXIV, No. 2 (1994)
N W Alcock, Old Title Deeds (Phillimore, 1986)


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Khloe Kardashian
Posted: Saturday December 31, 2011, 3:04 AM
Bergen County is a most entertaining region. Don't believe us? Here's our fond (and not-so-fond) look back at the year in arts.
Posted: Friday November 18, 2011, 6:05 AM
The Kardashians come to Ridgewood; "Real Housewives" star Caroline Manzo and family appear at Bergen Jaguar; "Housewives" star Melissa Gorga comes to Westfield Garden State Plaza. With host Heather Zwain, November 18, 2011
Posted: Thursday November 17, 2011, 8:55 AM
Hundreds showed up in the rain last night to catch a glimpse of Khloe and Kourtney Kardashian at Bookends in Ridgewood.


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Definition of access time in English:
access time
Syllabification: ac·cess timenoun
Computing- The time taken to retrieve data from storage.More example sentences
- Even though the UltraStar 9ZX from IBM is two years old, its access time is still pretty quick.
- Today we can buy a server with one or more 3GHz CPUs, and a number of disk drives that still get about a 5ms access time.
- This drive housed fifty 24-inch disks, had an access time of 600 milliseconds, and a capacity of 5.0 megabytes.


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CNP and Fraud
As EMV is implemented in the United States, fraud involving card-not-present transactions (i.e., online, mobile, mail and telephone transactions) is expected to increase a trend that has occurred in other countries after the adoption of EMV.
Smart Cards, Security and Banks
Banks are deeply embedded in the payments process. And as the payments industry changes, so, too, must banks change. BANKNEWS VIDEO: |


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Supporters of Old High Coach Carl Pennington
Published April 14, 2010
Supporters of Old High Coach Carl Pennington show up at a WFISD special session Tuesday to wait and finally hear that his job is saved -- for now.
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Board unanimously sticks with Pennington | April 14, 2010 |
Pennington offered contract renewal | April 14, 2010 |
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Product Details Queen Halloween costumes come in all shapes, sizes and color schemes. Most of these usually focus on the adult sized looks. This unique style will let your little one look like the queen she knows she is! Forget about the standard royalty, this girls Queen of Hearts outfit is the perfect addition to your childrens Halloween costume collection. Whether shes a fan of the famous classic animated movie, or just wants to stand out this season, she will fall in love with this noble design. Find her favorite dress shoes to compliment the black and white striped leg warmers. The costume gown features a knee length skirt in solid black. A band of white faux fur adds texture around the skirt hem. A red sash is attached at the waist. The comfortable bodice of this holiday outfit Features a wide, vertical black and white striped design. Each white section includes a pair of red hearts that run up and down. The top includes a severely square collar and elegantly gathered sleeves for a rounded look, complete with delicate ruffle, all in red. A playful bow is attached to the front. A high rising red collar frames her face. A black choker with a red embellishment finishes the look. Let her become a queen this season with a look that will make childhood memories! Year of Release 2009 Brand Legs Avenue AMZ N Made In CHINA |
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George Ivory Wonsley
Position: RB
Height: 5-10 Weight: 218 lbs.
Born: November 23, 1960 in Moss Point, MS
College: Mississippi St. (school history) (Wonsley college stats)
Drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the 4th round (103rd overall) of the 1984 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 11 (6610th overall since 1950)
Other SR Links: College Football at Sports-Reference.com
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THE MIDDLE - "Hecking Order" - With Sue now in high school with Axl - who is totally embarrassed by her presence - Axl decides to play a mischievous trick on her, which earns his perfectionist sister a number of tardy slips. Meanwhile, Mike sets a meeting with Brick's new fourth grade teacher, Mr. Wilkerson (Chord Overstreet, "Glee"), after learning that he's allowing his son to skip gym; and Frankie and Mike bicker over which one of them is really the boss of the family, on "The Middle," WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28 (8:00-8:30 p.m., ET) on the ABC Television Network. (ABC/MICHAEL ANSELL) NEIL FLYNN, CHORD OVERSTREET
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Cuteness Overload: 32 GIFs That Will Make You Awwwww – The Berry | |
Jared Leto Proves That He's Still Sexy – Lainey Gossip |


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letters to the editor
Sierra Club's Joan Seeman thinks the Paradox uranium mill discussions have been unbalanced and that Montrose County should table their final decision until the application license and environmental...
Norwood's 'Let's Get Wild' Did Just That
Paradox Resident Responds to Uranium Mill Supporter
Norwood Resident Tom Kyle is not only in favor of the proposed uranium mill, he believes its type of operation is a part of the area's history….Support Ridgway Schools lunch program.
'Forever is long enough to consider any mistakes that are made.'
Tri-State's Lee Boughey sets the record straight on Tri-State's renewable energy portfolio. Ron Klein experiences a drive to Montrose that was anything but routine.
Thanks to three angels, two tourists escape a hailstorm.
Ah Haa, First Time Homebuyer Thanks; Peaks Host; Bye-bye, BIOTA
Norwood Dessert Contest thanks, as well as a shout out to the Grammar Fire firefighters and all who helped feed them.


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The Office of Geographic and Demographic Analysis is no longer a division of the Dept. of Administration.
The work units which made up this division can be found on the left menu of this page. Resources found on the GDA website are being
migrated to other domains.Indicator 2 1 : Sense of safetyGoal: Our communities will be safe, friendly and caring. Minnesotans want to be comfortable and safe in their surroundings. When people feel safe, they are more likely to be involved in their communities. Minnesotans want to live in friendly communities where help is nearby and there is a sense of connectedness. Rationale: This indicator measures people's perceptions about their safety. About this indicator: Survey results on Minnesotans' sense of safety have remained fairly constant since the mid-1990s. The survey asks: How safe do you feel in the community where you live? In 2001, 93 percent of respondents felt either always safe or almost always safe. In 1999, 92 percent of respondents said they felt always safe or almost always safe. In similar surveys in 1996 and 1997, 93 and 97 percent, respectively, said they felt always safe or usually safe." For comparison: Actual crime rates, both in Minnesota and nationally, have dropped noticeably since the mid-1990s, for both property and violent crime. Things to think about: People's sense of safety is based on a variety of feelings and experiences. People sometimes feel unsafe even when risks to their safety are relatively small. News coverage of local and national events can strongly influence how people feel about their personal safety. When people feel safe, they are more likely to be outside their homes and involved in community activities. This can work the other way also; people who are actively involved in community life often tend to feel safer. Technical notes: In each of the four years the survey question was asked, the possible responses were worded slightly differently, making it difficult to compare results. Sources:
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CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- Even though this will be Greg Garber's third stint as head coach of the South, it may be his most special one yet.
The St. Albans coach will send off Red Dragons senior pitcher Ali Haynes, his niece, and catcher Mariah Caudill at the North-South All-Star softball games today in Buffalo. There will be two seven-inning games followed by a five-inning contest beginning at 1 p.m. in the 21st annual event for high school seniors.
Haynes and Caudill have guided the SA program to a 107-19 record during their four-year stay, including the 2010 Class AAA state championship. The duo is heading to West Virginia State to continue their softball careers.
"I think that's pretty cool,'' said Garber of coaching his players in their last prep game. "I've been with them a long time going back to 7 years old. That will be special. We have a lot of games under our belts. Both of them are like my daughters.
"We've been around each other so much. It doesn't matter if it's season or out of season, we're always talking. It's sort of like a parent feels when their kid graduates and know they're going to be moving on. They're happy for them for the success they've had and excited about the future ahead, but also a little part that's sad that you're not going to be with them that much.''
Haynes and Caudill are part of a star-studded South lineup that features seven players from the Kanawha Valley. The other players from Kanawha and Putnam counties include Nicole Pierson and Linzie Reynolds of Hurricane, Alli Burdette of South Charleston, Rachel Ward of George Washington and Bekah Baldwin of Sissonville. (See Page 2B for rosters and all-time series scores.)
Haynes, Caudill, Burdette, Reynolds, Sherman's Mackenzie Smith, Scott's Allyson Johnson, Lincoln County's Morgan Hutchison, Wayne's Jessica Watts, Man's Summer Sword and Cabell Midland's Morgan Zerkle and Morgan Kelley were first-team all-state selections this past season. Pierson and Reynolds led the Redskins to their first Class AAA state championship while Watts helped Wayne to its second straight in AA.
"I like our team,'' said Garber, who surpassed 500 career wins this past season. "I think we've got the best of the best in southern West Virginia. We've got so much talent. I'd like to keep them for a few years.


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Just how Skip Bin Employs Help in Effective Waste Administration
Feb 07
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This title in other editionsFever Chartby Bill Cotter
Synopses & ReviewsPublisher Comments:Having spent most of his life medicated, electroshocked, and institutionalized, Jerome Coe finds himself homeless on the coldest night of the century — and so, with nowhere else to go, he accepts a ride out of New England from an old love's ex-girlfriend. It doesn't quite work out, but he makes it to New Orleans, and a new life — work, friends, and only the occasional psychotic break. What follows involves his last two chances to find real happiness (one's from Ecuador, one sells cigarettes), the old vicious enemies that may prevent him from obtaining it, and a cast of Crescent City denizens that makes for one of the most vivid ensembles since Toole's A Confederacy of Dunces.
Review:"Bill Cotter's Fever Chart proves there is still fresh wit and fierce life in the American tongue. Read this book." Wells Tower
Review:"Fever Chart is not about the destination so much as the reckless, driving-with-your-knees journey, and Jerome Coe is an antihero for the ages." Texas Monthly
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Greetings ModLovers, and welcome to this week's edition of Style Glossary! I took this opportunity to talk a little bit more about my new favorite shirt – The Dove Tail Blouse! Now, besides being simple with a retro …
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