text:
It's official: Argus-Courier sold to local group
Published: Thursday, November 8, 2012 at 2:26 p.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, November 8, 2012 at 2:26 p.m.
Twenty-seven years after The Press Democrat was sold to the New York Times, it returned to local ownership Thursday as a prominent group of power brokers and wealthy investors closed a deal they said will protect the paper's legacy of quality local journalism.
The purchase of The Press Democrat, Petaluma Argus-Courier and the North Bay Business Journal from Florida-based Halifax Media was completed shortly before noon. The buyer, Sonoma Media Investments, is a group formed in 2011 to buy the twice-weekly Sonoma Index-Tribune newspaper and Sonoma Magazine.
Publisher Bruce Kyse choked up when he announced the deal a short time later to employees, who erupted in applause. He called the Press Democrat and Argus-Courier "long-term institutions that help define the history of Sonoma County," and said he was gratified to see them protected.
"This is kind of an historic moment," Kyse said. "This is a big deal."
News of the impending sale and disclosure of the key players were announced last week. They include lobbyist and Sonoma-based developer Darius Anderson; Bill Hooper, who heads Anderson's development firm, Kenwood Investments, and will be chief operating officer; former North Coast congressman Doug Bosco of Santa Rosa, who will becomes the paper's general counsel; and Steve Falk, a former San Francisco Chronicle publisher who is chief executive officer of the investment group.
It also was revealed that six local investors proved crucial in making the deal a reality. Among them are some of the region's most influential names, including Jeannie Schulz, wife of the late Charles M. Schulz, whose Peanuts comic strip empire was built on newspapers, and Norma Person, whose late husband Evert Person sold The Press Democrat to the New York Times in 1985.
"All of them have their roots, their hearts and their soul in Sonoma and they are all committed to this endeavor," Anderson said.
Terms of the deal were not disclosed. Halifax Media purchased the three papers in January from the New York Times Co. along with 13 other newspapers, most of them in the Southeast, for a total of $143 million.
It has long been speculated that Halifax would spin off the three California papers because they were geographically isolated from the rest of the group.
"I don't think they were bad people," Anderson said of Halifax. "I think they weren't focused on the West Coast."
Halifax CEO Michael Redding could not be reached for comment.
The deal is the latest in a small but increasing number of newspaper purchases by local investors seeking to preserve their community paper, said Rick Edmonds, media business analyst for the Poynter Institute, a nonprofit school of journalism located in St. Petersburg, Fla.
Such groups "aren't really interested in turning a buck or flipping it," Edmonds said. "Their main motivation is that they want to have a good newspaper."
Anderson began his pursuit of the newspaper shortly after Halifax purchased it in January and negotiations have been ongoing for months. Financing the deal proved tricky, requiring a combination of local investors' equity and a bank loan, which Anderson said was very difficult to secure.
"To try to get a bank to make an investment in a newspaper is a very, very challenging task," Anderson said.
The group purchased the three newspaper businesses as well as two pieces of real estate in Rohnert Park: the 12.7-acre Press Democrat printing plant and an adjacent 7.3-acre vacant parcel.
The sale does not include the paper's Mendocino Avenue office building and four nearby parking lots. Those continue to be owned by Halifax Media Group, but are in the process of being sold to another investment group.
Sonoma Media Investments has signed a 10-year lease for the second and third stories of the downtown building and surrounding parking lots. Plans call for consolidating the newspaper offices into the second and third floors, which will allow the first floor to be leased to another tenant.
Falk said Thursday he planned to resign as the chief executive of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and move to Sonoma County, where he will work in the Press Democrat building daily.
He said he always held The Press Democrat in high esteem as a competitor when he worked at the Chronicle, and looked forward to returning to the newspaper business.
But that business has changed dramatically since Falk left the Chronicle in 2004. With readers and advertisers moving online, newspapers across the nation struggle to survive. Over the past decade, The Press Democrat has lost more than a third of its circulation and suffered steep declines in both classified and traditional advertising revenue.
Falk, as he spoke to employees at the Glaser Center of the Unitarian Universalist Congregation, acknowledged the group faces an uphill battle.
"Some would say its a good thing we're meeting in a church to talk about the future of the newspaper business," he said. But he also said he was confident that good journalism can be a profitable business model.
"It won't be easy, but there's a huge opportunity here and we are all glad to be a part of it," he said.
He thanked the 50 members of the newsroom union for unanimously approving a new contract with the new owners on short notice. The group's lender, Comerica Bank, required ratification of the contract — particularly the elimination of the ownership group's need to contribute to the union's pension plan — before closing the transaction.
"That got the deal done," Falk said.
Other concessions included 5 percent pay cuts for all members and the elimination of a fifth week of vacation. In exchange, the contract provides protection from layoffs for three years.
Falk acknowledged the deal is "not without some sacrifice," on the part of employees, but he said the opportunity to save the paper outweighed the sacrifice.
The future of the paper was at risk under Halifax, Anderson said.
The Florida-based company was in the process of dismantling the paper by selling off all the real estate assets when Anderson approached them, he said.
"The Press Democrat was going to be left with no physical assets at all," Anderson said.
One potential buyer Halifax was working with, Black Press of Vancouver, B.C., was planning to buy the paper without any of the real estate and cut the paper's operating budget by 43 percent, Anderson said. Black Press is an owner of the San Francisco Examiner and Bay Guardian.
By contrast, Anderson said he and the investors hope not only to preserve the quality of the local journalism but bring "additional resources and firepower" to the organization.
Anderson said he would not have considered the deal if it did not include the purchase of the Rohnert Park property.
Owning the printing plant is central to the paper being able to control its destiny, he said. The presses are in excellent shape, the Index-Tribune is printed there, and the group will be exploring ways to securing additional printing jobs, Falk said.
The plant already has proven its value because it "kept the bank at the table" when deciding whether to lend money for the purchase, Falk said. The adjacent 7.3-acre parcel also has significant value because of its proximity to a casino under construction on the western edge of Rohnert Park.
Anderson is a former consultant to the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria and a lobbyist for the tribe's partner, Station Casinos of Las Vegas, which together are building the 3,000-slot machine casino.
The land has development potential, and could be either developed by the group or sold in the future, Anderson said.
"There are some possibilities and we will look at those at the appropriate time," Falk said.
Other newspaper purchases are not out of the question, he said.
Sonoma Magazine, a glossy quarterly lifestyle publication covering the Sonoma Valley, could also be broadened to cover all of Wine Country and its circulation expanded nationwide. Doing so could provide an attractive platform for high-end advertising dollars, he said.
What other consolidation efforts the group plans is unclear. Anderson praised the way Kyse has preserved the independence of the Argus-Courier and the Business Journal, and said he expected that to continue for the Index-Tribune.
Kyse said the next few weeks will be hectic as the transition to the new group rolls out. "This is a transaction that is happening on the run," he said.
But he also said there will be some immediate benefits, including the hiring of 10 new positions that have gone unfilled.
In addition, customer service for the circulation department will return to being handled locally, instead of requiring customers to call the Philippines.
Joint marketing or advertising of the four publications, however, could make it easier for the papers to attract national advertisers, Hooper said.
"It's critical that we make some money here and that we have a financial model that is profitable," Falk said.
All the partners agree that the journalistic independence of the publications is paramount, Falk said, vowing to act as a "firewall" against undue influence.
"I will protect that at all costs," Falk said.
Anderson, who has seen his share of negative press coverage, stressed that he welcomed hard-hitting investigative and watchdog journalism, even if it raised questions about his businesses and interests.
"None of us are going to get in your way because if we do, it dilutes the value of our investment," Anderson said.
(You can reach Staff Writer KevinMcCallum at 521-5207 or email@example.com. On Twitter @citybeater.)
All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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Found 711 jobs matching your criteria
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A Senior Financial Analyst job in Suffolk County will work with multiple countries in Europe and Asia.
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Managing Director required to run the UK production facility of global plastics manufacturer
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text:
MIT's Science Policy Initiative travels to Capitol Hill in support of research funding
March 5, 2013
Will partake in annual Science-Engineering-Technology Congressional Visits Day
MIT's Ernest J. Moniz nominated Secretary of Energy
March 4, 2013
President Obama's pick is head of the MIT Energy Initiative and a former undersecretary of energy.
Zuber addresses potential impact of federal sequestration on MIT research
February 28, 2013
In a letter to principal investigators and researchers, MIT's vice president for research outlines the possible impact here.
Also labeled: Faculty, MIT Administration, Budget, Politics, President Obama, Research, Funding, Sequester
Lawmakers focus on MIT fusion research
February 5, 2013
Three Congressmen visited the Plasma Science and Fusion Center last week.
The right's resistance to regulation
January 16, 2013
Book details how conservatives have changed the terms of the environmental debate in recent decades.
Chisholm, Langer awarded nation's highest honors for scientists and inventors
December 21, 2012
Two MIT professors are awarded the National Medal of Science and the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.
Q&A: Associate Provost Philip Khoury on foreign policy in the Middle East
December 20, 2012
The Ford International Professor of History also talks about how an engineering school benefits the humanities and social science community.
Also labeled: Center for International Studies, Faculty, Foreign policy, Global, History, Middle East, Policy, Social sciences
Vehicle efficiency standards vs. a carbon tax: the costs and politics
November 14, 2012
MIT researchers show merits of a carbon tax.
MIT a linchpin of major new USAID program
November 8, 2012
Institute researchers aim to spur development and evaluation of useful technologies to help the world's poor.
New law on sharps disposal goes in effect July 1
June 29, 2012
On July 1, a Massachusetts law goes into effect banning the disposal of medical sharps in household waste. Home sharps containers are available for purchase from the MIT Pharmacy.
Survey: Latin American and Asian cities lead way in planning for global warming
June 4, 2012
U.S. cities trail when it comes to preparing for climate change.
Also labeled: Cities, Climate change, Globalization, Global, Latin America, Policy, Research, Urban studies and planning, Water
MIT, Intel unveil new initiatives addressing 'big data'
May 31, 2012
An Intel research center based at MIT will be the cornerstone of a new research project dubbed 'bigdata@CSAIL.'
Andrea Campbell: Public opinion and policy viewed through an historical lens
May 14, 2012
Professor studies taxation, Social Security, health insurance and more.
Also labeled: Economics, Health care, Policy, Political science, Politics, Research, Voting and elections
Dresselhaus receives Fermi Award
May 11, 2012
Honored by Obama, Chu at ceremony in Washington.
Science Policy Initiative calls on Congress to support investments in R&D
May 4, 2012
Students traveled to Washington to urge continued funding.
MIT seeks government backing to build new Lincoln Lab facility
April 25, 2012
The Institute would arrange for a loan that would be repaid through the Lincoln Lab's government contract.
A taxing issue
April 11, 2012
In book talk, MIT economist Simon Johnson and co-author James Kwak emphasize need to raise revenues to cope with national debt.
3 Questions: Simon Johnson on the national debt
April 7, 2012
In new book, MIT economist surveys history of debt battles and offers a prescription for fiscal recovery.
MIT graduate students head to Capitol Hill to deliver research-funding petition
March 26, 2012
More than 10,000 signed petition in support of science and engineering work.
Sen. Kerry tours Alcator C-Mod tokamak
March 20, 2012
Project is at risk of being terminated due to proposed federal budget cuts.
Mass. Gov. Patrick, U.S. Reps. Capuano and Inslee visit Alcator C-Mod
March 14, 2012
Learn about fusion and its prospects as a green energy source
The scoop on Coeus: It's not just for grants.gov proposals
March 12, 2012
Coeus is equally useful for preparing and routing other grant proposals, whether they are going to industry, foundations or federal agencies.
If the people will lead …
March 9, 2012
At an MIT panel on the future of black politics, scholars discuss the need for civic engagement at a time of economic stress.
Jens Hainmueller: A 'numbers' guy takes on pressing public policy issues
February 15, 2012
Political science associate professor ties together qualitative and quantitative ways of thinking about politics and society.


text:
Aubrey Natural Saving Face Sunscreen SPF 15 Unscented -- 2.3 fl oz
nice product
This is the only sunscreen I've found that doesn't leave a white film and doesn't burn on the skin (face). It doesn't contain titanium dioxide, which is healthier. I wished it would also be available with a higher SPF, and the small tube doesn't last long, which makes it a bit pricey.
May 13, 2013
Good product but not really for everyday use
I bought this to use as an everyday spf protector for my face. It doesn't really work for that purpose (for me anyway) because it was so thick and it felt like I had way too much going on on my face when used in combination with my daily moisturizer and powder foundation. However, I recently went on vacation and used this sunscreen to product my face while I was spending a lot of time in the sun. It worked great and is definitely a product that I'll keep around for those days when I'm hanging out by the pool or on the beach.
December 15, 2012
Good ingredients, but a little too oily for my preference. Doesn't soak in quickly.
November 22, 2011
1-3 of 3


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Alcohol makes you smart enough to study it
Studious teens can now take a course in "alcohol awareness" and earn a certificate equivalent to half a GCSE. The exam appears not to include a practical section, instead focussing on the dangers of drinking to excess. Always willing to discuss alcohol, you bit right in: Happy days. I actually moved from lager to mild (i.e. the …
Those little grey cells ...
Obviously you've had a few too few or many. That should be "borne out", not "born out". The former means carried or supported, the second means popped or produced. Sort of.
This topic is closed for new posts.


text:
One of the most popular stage musicals in the history of Broadway and London's West End makes its long-awaited arrival on the motion-picture screen in this lavish adaptation directed by Joel Schumacher. Christine (Emmy Rossum) is a beautiful and gifted young woman who longs to join the company of the Paris Opera House. During rehearsals for one of the opera's grand productions, a backdrop falls and crashes to the floor, nearly crushing leading lady Carlotta (Minnie Driver). When several members of the...more
40 out of 100 Metascore®
Mixed or average reviews
Read reviews
OK for kids 13+
All The Phantom of the Opera cast + crew photos


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Gecko 0603-416001 IN.THERM 4.0kW Spa Heater without UnionsSKU #: 0603-416001 |
Spa Part Features:
DescriptionThe IN.THERM is an intelligent 4kw remote heater for IN.XM controls that integrates electronics directly in its power box. Its long list of features includes a built-in temperature probe and new water flow detection that eliminates the need of a pressure switch. The design of its unique seamless enclosure and cover gasket eliminates all risks of water infiltration. The IN.THERM's clever solid state design ensures years of trouble-free use. It can command multiple power levels on its single element and heat at its highest power only when necessary, reducing the demand on the element and greatly extending its lifespan.


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My BABYBJÖRN Plate is marked with #7 on the bottom. What does that mean?
#7 is a classification of plastics that we use for the inner plate and stands for ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene).
Why is the BABYBJÖRN Plate and Spoon easier for children to eat with than other plates and spoons?
- The plate's three-leaf clover shape makes it easier for the child to scoop up food rather than just pushing it around on the plate.- The rubber strip on the bottom of the plate ensures that it sits firmly on the table.- The rounded edge makes it harder for small hands to grab the plate and throw it away.- The BABYBJÖRN Spoon's short handle is easy for small hands to grip and works equally well in the right or left hand. The spoon's blade is designed to fit the shape of the plate and makes it easy for the child to scoop food onto the spoon.
Can I wash the BABYBJÖRN Plate and Spoon in the dishwasher?
Yes, the BABYBJÖRN Plate and Spoon is dishwasher safe. However, avoid placing near the machine's heater coil.
Can I microwave food in the BABYBJÖRN Plate?
Yes, at low heat, maximum 90°C/194°F. Warming at low heat gives the plate a longer lifespan. We recommend only heating the food in the microwave, not actually cooking it there.
What materials are the BABYBJÖRN Plate and Spoon made of?
The BABYBJÖRN Spoon, and the border of BABYBJÖRN Plate, are made of PP (Polypropylene) and TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer). The inside of the plate is made of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene).The plastic in BABYBJÖRN Plate and Spoon is recyclable and classified as food safe in accordance both with US (FDA) and European (EEC) standards. We do not use chemical additives such as bisphenol A, cadmium, lead, bromides, phylates or chlorine. We also do not use PVC. Read more on our product safety.


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Maryland Heights marker
Aliene Shields displays a marker made for her ancestor David Andrew Shields who was lost at the Battle of Maryland Heights. Aliene participated in the unveiling of the new marker to commemorate the battle at the Brownsville Church of the Brethren on Thursday. The family marker for David will be placed at the foot of the mountain near the battle site.
September 13, 2012


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The weird weird world of Clive Palmer
Does it get any weirder than this?
PT1M32S http://www.canberratimes.com.au/action/externalEmbeddedPlayer?id=d-1y2ie 620 349 May 4, 2012- Autoplay OnOff
- Video feedback
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This week's mashup
How weird can it get?
Very weird, it seems, when it involves Clive Palmer.
Before viewing this week's espresso video animation, consider Clive's big-picture announcements, how art imitates life and how politics could be the wackiest game in town, with or without him - as the past week has shown.
Frighteningly, there is more to come as the political landscape becomes increasingly surreal.
Trying to outmanoeuvre Professor Clive in the strange, weird and wonderful stakes is a tough ask. It means an extra step to the left or the right - whatever your leanings will allow.
No need to warp reality. Clive has done it for us already.


text:
June 16, 2009
S. Keshav
Professor and Canada Research Chair in Tetherless Computing
School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
June 10, 2009
1. Introduction
Text messaging, also known as Short Message Service or SMS, is a popular communications technology. Nearly 3.5 trillion text messages were sent worldwide according to Portio Research [1] and message volumes are expected to rise to five trillion messages worldwide in 2011. Over a trillion text messages were sent in the United States in 2008, according to the CTIA, a trade association [2].
Recently, most major US carriers raised the price of a text message sent by a consumer who is not subscribed to a text-messaging plan from 15 cents to 20 cents. Two questions naturally arise:
? What is the cost to a carrier to transmit a text message?
? Are these price increases cost-justified?
The purpose of this note is to address these questions.
I believe that to clearly analyze the costs incurred in text messaging and to form an informed opinion whether the price increases are cost-justified, it is necessary to understand the technological components which contribute to the cost of carrying a text message. These include the technologies for carrying text messages over wired and wireless links and the specialized databases for billing and locationing. By estimating the cost of each underlying component, I estimate the maxiumum possible cost to a carrier to carry a text message. It also allows me to determine whether increased message volumes should result in the increase in the cost of carrying a text message.
Here is a roadmap for the rest of the note: Section 2 describes the technology underlying text messaging. In Section 3, I use publicly-available information to estimate the cost of a text message as approximately 0.3 cents. Section 4 demonstrates that an increase in text messaging volume should not result in an increase in the cost per text message. Finally, Section 5 presents my conclusions.
2. An Overview of Text Messaging Technology
In order to understand the costs incurred in text messaging, I now present a brief overview of the underlying technology.
Figure 1: Text messaging components
Figure 1 shows an overview of the cellular phone system. It focuses on the path taken by a text message. Mobile devices receive wireless service from their associated cell towers. The cell towers are connected by wired links to a wired network backbone, which resembles the Internet backbone. This backbone is also connected to a location database, which keeps track of which cell tower is currently responsible for each mobile device, and a billing database, which keeps track of the messages sent and received by each mobile device.
Several wireless communication channels are maintained between a mobile device and its associated cell tower. When a voice call is in progress, a two-way voice channel between the cell tower and each mobile device is used to carry the call between the mobile device and the cell tower. In addition, a pair of one-way permanently-established control channels between the cell tower and each mobile device is used not only to establish and terminate voice calls but also to carry text messages.
A text message originating from a mobile device is sent over the air on a control channel to its associated cell tower, where it enters the network backbone. It is first stored in a message store associated with the source network (not shown), then routed to the destination cell tower, and then sent over another control channel to the destination mobile device. If the destination is not available at that time, the message is temporarily stored in a message store associated with the destination (not shown) and delivered when the destination becomes available.
A billing database keeps track of the messages sent and received by each mobile device. This database generates a monthly bill. Charges depend both on the usage as well as the plans to which the mobile device owners are subscribed. Finally, a location database keeps track of the current location of each mobile device.
3. The Cost of a Text Message
Telecommunications carriers do not disclose the cost of a text message publicly. Nevertheless, it is possible to estimate the cost of text messaging in two ways:
? A marginal price analysis allows a loose estimate of the maximum possible cost of a text message (Section 3.1)
? A careful consideration of the underlying technology allows tighter estimates (Sections 3.2-3.6)
3.1 Marginal Price Analysis
We can limit the maximum possible cost to the carrier of a text message by assuming that carriers do not want to lose money on their text-messaging service. For this to be true, their revenues--reflected in the price charged--must be larger than their costs. Specifically, the advertised price per text message must be the maximum possible cost of a text message.
Lets look at an example. According to its website, T Mobile offers a plan where up to 1000 messages can be sent for $9.99 [3]. With this plan, the price of a text message to a consumer is 1 cent. Assuming that T Mobile does not want to make a loss on this plan, this limits the maximum cost of a text message to 1 cent.
This analysis is simple but flawed. It assumes that a consumer who subscribes to, for example, a 400-message plan would actually send 400 messages over the course of a month. Consider a hypothetical carrier that discovered, through mesurements, that consumers who purchase 400-message plans sent only 200 messages on average. Such a carrier could allow a maximum of 400 messages in a plan, but price the plan assuming that only 200 messages would actually be sent. It would only incur costs for 200 messages. If we were to divide the price of the 400-message plan by 400, we would be over-estimating the cost of each message. We should be dividing by 200 instead. Another way of saying this is that we cannot discover the maximum cost of a text message simply by dividing the price of a plan by its maximum allowed volume: we need to estimate the average usage of a plan.
Although the average usage of a plan is a closely-guarded secret, we can estimate this value as follows. Consider a consumer who has a choice of a 400-message plan and an unlimited-message plan. Such a consumer would choose the unlimited message plan only if they sent at least 400 messages on average every month. Otherwise, they would be better off with the 400-message plan. This means that we can estimate the minimum average message volume for a plan as being equal to the maximum allowed message volume of the next cheaper plan. Continuing with our example, a consumer who chooses an unlimited-message plan has a strong incentive to send at least 400 messages a month. Therefore, if we divide the price of the unlimited-message plan by 400, we obtain a good estimate of the maximum possible cost of a text message.
As of June 5, 2009, T Mobile charges $15 for unlimited messages [3]. Its next lower tier has an upper limit of 1000 messages. So, the estimated maximum per-message cost for T Mobile is 1.5 cents. Similarly, AT&T charges $20 for unlimited messages [4] and the next lower tier has an upper limit of 1500 messages. This gives us an estimated maximum message cost for AT&T of 1.33 cents. The equivalent maximum cost for Sprint is 2 cents [5]. Verizon appears to offer only per-message and unlimited message plans [6] and therefore it is not possible to estimate its cost using marginal price analysis.
These results are summarized in the table below.
Carrier Upper bound on cost of a text message (cents)
T Mobile 1.5
Sprint 2
Verizon Cannot be determined using marginal price analysis.
Assuming that all carriers incur the same costs in carrying a text message, this analysis shows that the cost of a text message is no more than 1.33 cents.
3.2 Estimating the Cost of a Text Message from Consideration of Cellular Technology
We now refine our estimate of the cost of a text message by looking more closely at the underlying technology. A text message traverses two wireless and one wired path (see Figure 1). Typically, consumers pay both to send and to receive a text message. Therefore, we need to estimate only the cost of one wireless path and half of the wired path. We also need to estimate the cost of storing a text message if the recipient is unavailable. Finally, we need to estimate the costs of updating the billing and location databases. We now address these costs one by one.
3.2.1 Cost of the Wired Path
Portio Research estimates that roughly 3.5 trillion text messages were sent in 2008 [1]. We can express this in scientific notation as 3.5*1012 messages.. The message volume for 3.5 trillion messages is 3.5*1012 messages * 140 bytes/message * 8 bits/byte = 3.92 * 1015 bits A high-capacity 10 Gigabit/second (Gbps) backbone network link carries 1010 bits/sec. To carry the entire global message volume for the entire year would therefore take 3.92 * 1015 bits/1010 bits/sec = 3.92 * 105 seconds, which is about 62 hours, or about 4.5 days out of a total of 365 days in a year. Thus, carrying 3.5 trillion text messages imposes a load of only 1.24% on such a link, leaving 98.76% available for other traffic.
The wired network backbone of each carrier has many of these high-capacity links organized in the form of a mesh. No single link would carry the entire volume of text messages. Conservatively assuming that the link carrying the most text messaging traffic carries 20% of the entire messaging volume, this would imply that this link would have a text messaging load of 0.24% (leaving 99.76% available for other traffic).
Major carriers, such as Verizon, sell a nationwide10Gbps service to their customers [7]. Their own backbone links are likely to be of even higher capacity, and would therefore have correspondingly lower loads. For instance, a 40 Gbps link, which is typical of a long-distance backbone link, would have a text messaging load of 0.06% (leaving 99.94% of the link available for other traffic). Other carriers are likely to have similar text message loads.
Given that the text messaging load, even under very conservative assumptions, does not exceed 0.06% (six ten-thousandths) of the capacity of a wired network link, we ignore the cost of the wired path in our calculations.
3.2.2 Cost of a Wireless Path
Unlike wired paths, which are very high capacity, wireless paths have significantly lower capacity. Moreover, spectrum licenses cost tens of billions of dollars. Therefore, the cost of a text message is primarily due to its use of a wireless path.
Text messages to and from a mobile device are sent over a pair of wireless control channels called the Random Access Channel (RACH) and the Standalone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH). These channels were originally designed for voice call control and signalling. As the volume of text-messaging volume grows, a carrier must allocate additional control channels to carry text messages: this displaces a Traffic Channel (TCH) that would otherwise be used for voice. We can use this fact to calculate the cost of a text message as follows.
Voice is typically carried in cellular networks at the rate of 8000 bits/second. A text message is 140 bytes or about 1100 bits. Therefore, a voice channel can carry about 7 text messages/second, or 420 text messages/minute. Of course, this assumes that a channel can be used at full capacity. However, the RACH uses a mode of transmission known as Slotted Aloha, whose capacity levels off at about 37% utilization. Therefore we can conservatively assume that the channel operates at only 20% utilization. This gives us the capacity of a channel as 84 text messages/minute.
The capacity of a channel decreases if messages can be lost and must be retransmitted. Studies show that the loss rate of text messages is about 3% [8]. Taking this into account, it can be shown that the resulting capacity of a channel, including the extra messages due to retransmissions, is about 81 messages/minute.
The price of a voice minute in the US and Canada is about 15 cents/minute when billed as overage (that is, over the plan limit) but is only about 7 cents/minute as part of a plan, depending on the carrier [9]. The per-minute cost of a channel is upper-bounded by this price. So, the wireless path cost of a text message in the US cannot exceed roughly 7c/81 ~= 0.09 cents in the US and about 0.10 cents in Canada.
3.2.3 Billing Cost
As shown in Figure 1, in addition to the cost of the channel, each text message can result in one or more control messages being sent to a billing system. These messages are used to provide the billing system with the identity of the sender and the receiver of the text message, so that their monthly bills can be properly calculated. Specifically, these messages are used for monitoring usage, finding what rate plan a message should be charged at, and then adding this charge to the sender's and the receiver's bill.
One way to estimate the cost of these control messages is based on the fact that that carriers are certainly not going to make a loss when pricing a text message as part of a plan at 1.33 cents/text message (Section 3.1). Based on the computation that the wireless path cost is roughly 0.1 cents (Section 3.2.2), the additional cost of billing cannot exceed 1.23 cents/text message. If this is indeed the cost of billing, carriers would make no profit on a text message as part of a plan but a profit of 13.6-18.6 cents/text message for out-of-plan messages (which are charged at between 15 and 20 cents a text message).
However, it seems implausible that accounting for a text message would cost twelve times as much as carrying the message itself. If we assume that accounting is twice as expensive as carrying the message (a conservative estimate) then we can estimate the cost of a text message, including billing at 0.3 cents/text message.
3.2.4 Paging Cost
If the carrier's mobile device location database, called the Location Register in Figure 1, does not know the current location (i.e. nearest cell tower) of a mobile device, a special control channel called the paging channel is used to locate it. Essentially, a paging message is sent to all the cell towers where a mobile device could be located, based on its recent mobility history, and the mobile device answers the paging message making itself known. The recipient of a text message, therefore, causes a paging message load on the operator which adds to the operator's cost.
The calculations thus far do not include the paging cost incurred by a text message. Paging costs depend on the choice of paging policy, that is, how aggressively the location of a mobile device is tracked. With an aggressive paging policy, every movement of a mobile device to a new cell tower location results in an update to the Location Register, but then there is no need for additional paging messages to locate the mobile device when it receives a text message. This works well for relatively static mobile devices that will not result in the generation of too many location update messages. With less-aggressive location tracking, all cell towers near the last known cell tower need to be paged. This reduces the tracking costs for highly mobile phones, but increases paging costs. How should this be accounted for?
Note that paging traffic is necessary even for establishing a standard voice call. Therefore, as a first cut approximation, it is reasonable to assume that the cost of a voice minute already includes the cost of paging. Because the wireless path cost of a text message was computed from the cost of a voice minute (Section 3.2.1), the paging cost of a text message is included in the estimate of 0.1 cents/text message.
One could argue that this estimate is too low because a voice call that lasts, on average, three minutes, and requires only one page, but each text message may require its own page. So, the costs of paging could be proportionately higher for text messages because they have a much shorter duration. However, once a mobile has been located, either for a voice call or an text message, it no longer needs to be paged again, because its location is known. If a mobile were to receive three text messages over the course of three minutes, for example, only the first text message would incur a paging cost, just as a voice call would. The paging costs for a call or a text message are comparable, and the analysis of Section 3.2.1 continues to hold.
3.2.5 Storage Cost
All text messages are stored at a message storage system associated with the source. Moreover, if a text message cannot be delivered to a recipient, it must be stored until the recipient becomes available. A carrier has to pay for a message storage system, which adds to the cost of delivering each temporarily-stored message. The cost of a storage system depends on its capacity: the higher the capacity, the greater the cost.
Today, consumers can buy 5 Terabyte of storage, which is enough to store 35.5 million text messages, for about $1000 [10]. More reliable storage systems with support for high performance and fault tolerance using RAID technology are a little more expensive, and cost about $1000/Terabyte [11].
We can estimate the approximate cost of storage as follows. Suppose that all text messages are stored either at the source or the destination, on average, for one day (this is a very conservative assumption: most text messages are delivered within a minute or two). In 2008, 3.5 trillion text messages were sent, which is roughly 9.58 billion messages per day. If each message were stored for one day, then we would need storage for 9.58 billion messages. This requires roughly 1,343 Terabytes, which costs around $1.34 million. This adds a storage cost of only 0.00014 cents to each text message.
3.2.6 Database Cost
Carriers need to pay for a location database, usually called a Home Location Register, and a billing database. These systems can be quite expensive. For instance, a high-end database from Oracle Corp. can cost up to a million US dollars [12]. It is reasonable to assume that a location register database has a similar cost. Conservatively, the total database cost to a high-end carrier is very unlikely to exceed $10,000,000 per year. Such a carrier would carry at least 1% of the total global text-messaging traffic, or about 35 billion text messages. This would add a per-message database cost of 100 cents/dollar*10*106dollars/35*109cents/message = 0.03 cents/message. Again, this is a negligible cost.
3.2.7 Summary
Including the cost of the wired and wireless paths, billing, paging, databases, and storage, the cost of a text message is likely to be no greater than 0.3 cents.
4. Does the increase in text messaging volumes increase the cost of each message?
Increased text message volumes do increase the total cost to an operator, but the cost per message does not appreciably change. Indeed, they tend to decline per message. This is because fixed costs are amortized over larger numbers of messages, and per-message variable costs, which we have discussed above, do not change with the number of messages carried.
The only possible reason why overall costs may go up with increased volume of messages is if a carrier runs out of spectrum resources and is therefore unable to carry voice calls. This introduces a 'congestion cost.'
It is unlikely that a carrier would run out of spectrum from carrying text messages. Each cell tower typically has three 'sectors' which can each handle approximately 1000 voice calls simultaneously. This would allow the spectrum available at a single sector at a single cell phone tower to handle 81,000 text messages a minute, and a single cell phone tower to handle 243,000 text messages a minute, or roughly 128 billion text messages a year. So, the entire international text messaging volume in 2008 could be handled by just 28 cell towers. Compare this to the total number of cell towers in the world which are estimated to be around 4 million, with 300,000 sold in 2008 alone [13].
Of course, this is a simplistic calculation, but it merely points out that radio spectrum, though scarce, is not overly used by text messages. Therefore, even with increased text messaging volumes, the underlying costs do not increase.
5. Conclusions
I have demonstrated using publicly available data that the maximum cost of a text message is very unlikely to exceed 0.3 cents. I now address the issue of whether the price of text messages is commensurate with this cost.
Carriers typically charge consumers 15-20 cents/text message for non-plan messages and about 1.5 cents/text message for in-plan messages. Therefore, carriers have a profit margin of at least 80% for in-plan messages and at least 98% for non-plan messages. Typical profit margins in the software industry are around 40% and typical profit margins in regulated monopolies are in the range of 5-10%. The profit margins enjoyed by carriers of text messages greatly exceed these guidelines.
Major US carriers recently raised the price of non-plan messages from 15 to 20 cents. No reason was given for this increase other than a reference to increasing messaging volumes. As the preceding analysis shows, one should see the cost per message actually decrease as a function of text messaging volumes. Therefore, it is my opinion that the price increases are not cost-justified.
[1] Mobile Messaging Futures 2009-2013, Portio Research, November 2008. http://www.portioresearch.com/MMF09-13.html
[2] CTIA - The Wireless Association® Announces Semi-Annual Wireless Industry Survey Results, April 2009. http://www.ctia.org/media/press/body.cfm/prid/1811
[3] T-Mobile Text Messaging Plans
[4] AT&T Text Messaging Plans
[5] V. McCann, Letter to Senator H. Kohl in response to his enquiry, October 6, 2008.
[6] Verizon consumer plans. http://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/splash/plansingleline.jsp?lid=//global//plans//voice+plans//individual
[7] Verizon Nationwide 10 Gbps service. http://www22.verizon.com/wholesale/solutions/solution/U.S.%2BWavelength.html
[8] Earl Oliver, Exploiting the Short Message Service as a Control Channel in Challenged Network Environments. MobiCom 2008 Workshop on Challenged Networks (CHANTS). San Francisco, United States. September 2008.
[9] The mean cost per voice minute in 2007 was 11 cents in Canada and 6 cents/minute in the US. The global high was 32 cents a minute in Switzerland and low was 2 cents a minute in Bangladesh and India.
[10] LaCie 5big Network 5TB drive. http://www.cdw.com/shop/products/default.aspx?EDC=1596257
[11] AmazonS3 costs. http://aws.amazon.com/s3/faqs/#How_much_does_Amazon_S3_cost
[12] Oracle Enterprise Database Price List. http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/technology-price-list.pdf
[13] Cell Tower Statistics. http://www.instat.com/press.asp?ID=1069&sku=IN0401275GW


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%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" Inherits="System.Web.UI.Page" %>
Date Posted: 08/15/2012
Soka University of America invites applications for a part-time Writing Specialist to join the University Writing Center staff. The Writing Specialists' primary function is to assist students on all phases of the writing process and to foster long-term development of critical thinking and academic writing skills. They typically meet with students one-on-one in scheduled appointments or on a walk-in basis. Secondary job functions entail participation in services and projects that support the University Writing Center mission. Such services and projects may include but are not limited to conducting workshops, developing online and print resources for writing and teaching, administering writing assessment, and participating in outreach projects. Specialists may participate individually or collaboratively in any phase of a project, including conception, planning, coordination, implementation, and/or evaluation. Other functions may be assigned as needed by the Writing Center Manager.
This part-time position is for approximately 20 hours per week, including Sundays noon to 6 pm, Fridays until 7 pm, and at least one other weekday until 7 pm.
Job Qualifications:
Bachelors required/Masters preferred in Rhetoric and Composition, English, or related writing-intensive discipline. Some teaching experience is also required, preferably at the college level. ESL experience is a plus.
Position will be open until filled.
Please send a letter of interest, CV, an academic (non-fiction) writing sample, and three reference letters to:
Writing Specialist Position Edward M. Feasel, PhD Dean of Faculty c/o Human Resources 1 University Drive Aliso Viejo, CA 92656 Email: email@example.com Fax: (949) 480-4164SokaUniversity of America is an equal opportunity employer.


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I've seen archived posts regarding this issue, but none were answered or relevant., although I have to admit I feel their pain.
I have just updated to Autocad 2013. While working on existing drawings (previously created in V2012), I am having issues with the SCALE command. Most times, but not always, when I add a line or block, with a base point on an existing line or object and try to scale it, I get an "extremely small scale factor ignored" message, although I did not get a chance to enter a scale factor. While it appears most times, but not always, if I draw a new line in empty space on that same drawing, I am able to use the SCALE command without problems. I also have the same issue when trying to scale an existing line or block, most times but not always.
Here is a copy of the command line while I am trying to make it work:
Command: l
Specify first point:
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Command: sc
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Specify base point:
Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference]:
Extremely small scale factor ignored.
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects:
Specify base point:
Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference]:
Extremely small scale factor ignored.
If you notice, it does not give me the chance to enter a scale factor. As soon as I pick the base point, it skips over to the error message, yet displays the scale factor prompt with a blank factor. I'm experiencing this issue on various files (not all but most), so I don't think it is a corrupt file.
Any idea why I get this and if I can correct it?
Solved! Go to Solution.
before you can input a value for the scalefactor AutoCAD looks to the cursor and evaluates the scalefactor by the distance between scale-basepoint and current cursor-position. If you have e.g. osnap turned on (and ENDPOINT is active) it may snap to the startpoint of the line (what was also your scale-base) and that results in a scalefactor = 0.0 and that's not allowed.
Try next time this issue occurs to switch off OSNAP for the second point.
HTH, - alfred -
FR, we stumbled upon this issue the other day as well and you don't need to turn off OSNAP to get around this - provided you are using F12 Dynamic Input. It seems the Dynamic Input box takes precedence over OSNAP or command line.
alfred.neswadba wrote:...If you have e.g. osnap turned on (and ENDPOINT is active) it may snap to the startpoint of the line (what was also your scale-base) and that results in a scalefactor = 0.0 and that's not allowed.
Try next time this issue occurs to switch off OSNAP for the second point.
HTH, - alfred -
Not really an option when most people are using scale (yours truly included), as they'll often need OSNAP turned on to select the base point. The problem is that AutoCAD is now skipping the old step of waiting for user input before proceding with the command.
This utterly pointless upgrade to the scale command has rendered it essentially useless. It still works on some objects in my drawings, but it's random whether the working objects are in converted 2012 drawings, new 2013 drawings, are new objects, old objects, lines, circles, blocks, etc.
>> Not really an option
Excuse me, I wrote "try it the next time the issue occurs", I didn't write "you don't have to use OSNAP forever".
I just want the OP to see, that he may have a problem taht OSNAP snaps to the scale-base-point.
Sorry that it was not to understand in that way I mentioned.
- alfred -
Ah, sorry. I misunderstood. Still doesn't solve the problem, but yes it would show where the problem lies.
Thanks for the replies, although none of the proposed solution resolve the issue.
-The suggestion of turning on Dynamic input does not seem to have any effect to prevent/resolve this issue. Perhaps I have a setting that is setup differently, or the scale issue you are/were experiencing is different. I will keep experimenting with this option with various settings, although so far none has provided the expected result.
-The option of turning of O-snap does make it work, but it is pointless since the intent is to scale objects from a specific base point. Turning of O-snap defeats that purpose. I might as well pick a point in empty space and get the same result. Also, I am not convinced that this is the problem, since if you run the scale command on a line where the scale command does work, and either pick the initial base point, or enter 0, or negative digits at the "specify scale factor" prompt, Autocad returns a prompt stating "Value must be positive and non-zero". My theory is, if the issue is caused by an automatic "snap" of the base point, I should receive the same message, in lieu of the "Extremely small scale factor ignored message".
Any other suggestions is appreciate, otherwise I'll keep trying to figure a way around, or preferably out of, this issue. Nick, it does sounds like you have experienced (or are experiencing) the same problem.
I've ran into the same problem. It does not happen every time but enough to be annoying. Instead of turning snap off I use the snap override by typing in the abbreviation of the snap I need to scale from (end , cen, mid, ins). another way to access snap overrides is to hold shift and right click, then select from the menu......... It does not work every time but enough to helpful....
The other (annoying and not always practical) solution I've resorted to is typing in the reference point when prompted, rather than clicking it. Provided the cursor is nowhere near the ref point when it's selected, it works fine. Of course, it only works for when you know the coordinates, but at least I can scale objects until Autodesk gets their act together on this one.
Just upgraded to 2013 and am running into this problem as well. To work around (provided by others in this thread) I accomplished it by turning off OSNAP and designating the base point with the ENDpoint. After that it worked out fine. Thanks to those who provided a work-around.
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Domestic Violence: Why Women Stay
He pulled a knife on me, spat on me, stepped on me; still, "love" made me stay
As told to Lisa Armstrong
Chris and I met at work. I worked at a company that produced ammunition for the armed services, and I trained Chris when he started. He flirted with me, but I didn't pay attention—I'd been married before, he's 10 years younger, and I thought he was too young. But he swept me off my feet, with gifts, with attention. He noticed the smallest things about me—the fact that I parked in the same spot every day, the type of bread I ate, every little thing.
Basically he was watching me, and I didn't realize it. It just came off as if he was really interested in me. He played me, and I fell for it because all the attention felt good.
Later, when the relationship got bad, he would tell me: "You were easy to trick. All I had to do was watch you."
We dated for six months and then got married. At first, things were fine, but then, six months after we were married, one day during an argument, he yelled at me.
"You stupid ass!" he shouted.
I can't even remember what the argument was about, but he had never raised his voice to me before. I didn't say one word, but I became fearful just from his physical demeanor. He was not the man I had fallen in love with. Later that evening, he did apologize, and it was the apology he would always offer in our years together: "I wouldn't have said this or done this if you hadn't done that." I was always the one who caused him to get angry. He would also buy me gifts to make up—a new outfit with shoes to match, a new diamond ring—the gifts were great, but what I endured to get the gifts wasn't worth it. He terrorized me.
The physical abuse started about a month after the verbal abuse. It started with him physically holding me down, restraining me until I would start to cry. Then, each time it would escalate, with him actually pulling a knife on me on one occasion.
[LET'S TALK: Follow Loop 21 on Twitter and join us Wednesday, Dec. 12, at 8 p.m. EST for a TweetUp about why battered women don't leave their abusers.]
Sometimes I would leave. I would go to my mother's house, but I was embarrassed, so I didn't tell anyone what was going on. I didn't tell anyone for the first couple years.
I had never been in an abusive relationship. I was always the one to tell other women, "You don't have to put up with this." But I was truly in love with him. I had been married twice before, and I didn't want to fail a third time by getting divorced. Deep down, I was afraid of being alone. And I truly believed that I could help him. We would talk after each fight, and he would say, "I am sorry. I don't know why I get so angry. I shouldn't have done that. Forgive me. It will never happen again. I love you, I can't live without you. I'll kill myself if I can't have you."
But then, when it was bad, he would say, "You're mine now, I own you." He meant it in a Christian sense, as with me being a Christian woman, I wasn't just going to file for divorce. He was the minister of music at our church and was well known in our local Christian community. So we kept up this façade that we were a happily married Christian couple, but it was nothing but pure hell at home. I had to help uphold the façade. I can recall in the first year or two, I would plead with him: "Chris, what can I do to make it better? What did I do wrong?" He became my God.
There were times where my son had to call the police. Once, we had been arguing on the way home from church, and Chris threw my phone in the street. Then we were physically fighting and my son ran to the neighbors, and the police came.
That time, I told the truth. I had lied in the past, and even when my clothes were ripped and there was evidence of abuse, when the police asked, "Are you okay?" I just told them yes.
The police arrested Chris, but his family bailed him out and, like always, I took him back.
We had been married for at least two years before my family found out about the abuse. My son told my mother that Chris hit me and when she asked me, I didn't deny it. Another time, one of my brothers saw Chris acting as if he was going to hit me with his car. I literally had to beg my brother not to do anything to Chris. I told him that Chris was only trying to scare me and that he wouldn't hurt me. I had become real good at making excuses for Chris.
[READ MORE: Does the Media Get Domestic Abuse Wrong?]
I stayed because I loved Chris, but it was also love that made me leave. It was my love as a mother for my sons, who were 10 and 12 at the time.
One day I heard the 12-year-old talking to a little girl. He had just started talking to girls, and I thought it was kind of cute, but the way he was speaking that day was very harsh.
I said, "Joseph, you don't talk to a little girl like that. Show her some respect."
My son's exact response was: "That's how Chris talks to you."
A light bulb went off. I was teaching my sons that it was okay to be abusive, and I knew then that I had to leave Chris.
When Chris came home that day, I told him he had to leave. We didn't really have much of a marriage at that point, with the abuse, and Chris' infidelity.
Chris cursed. He yelled. Then he started crying. The day he left my home, he broke down. I was prepared to fight, I was prepared for war, but he broke down in tears and told me he didn't think he could live without me. He said he had watched his father abuse his mother for years.
Chris pulled a knife on me in front of my kids, he spat on me, he stepped on me. He was cruel; he treated me worse than you would treat an animal. But I stayed for five years because I loved him. A woman stays because she is in love with her abuser. Even though it was a dysfunctional, abusive and distorted form of love, it was all I knew, and it was my reality.
The abuse made it so that I had no self esteem, and I had to learn to love myself more than I loved him, more than I wanted the relationship. When you look at Rihanna, for instance, she needs to love herself first; if she did, she would not be with Chris Brown right now. But all you know at the time is that you're getting that attention. You're getting that love. And you think because you're in love that you can help them, that you can change them, that the next time it will be different. But it isn't love. If a man loves you, he won't abuse you.


text:
Royal Doulton 'Gillian' figurine
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This fine bone china 'Gillian' figurine from the Petites range by Royal Doulton has a glossed finish and counts blue flowers and a bow detail among the intricate features on the dress.
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(Title 44 United States Code)
Government publications are a valuable resource for papers and research projects. They are timely, authoritative, and diverse--covering topics from business, energy, drug abuse, education and civil rights, to many other political, scientific, and social areas of study. Maag Library has been a selective government depository since 1973. Currently Maag selects about 48% of the publications available through the FDLP: Federal Depository Library Program. Documents are selected which support YSU's curricula, research, and programs as well as documents of general interest to residents of the 17th Congressional District. Maag is also a depository for selected Ohio documents. Most government publications are now published on the Web and are easily accesible through MaagNET or any Internet browser. The selected print collection is located on the Third Floor and is available during all Library Hours. For assistance, ask at the service desk on the third floor of the library or at the Reference Desk on the main floor.
Circulation Policy: Use of the collection is open to the public. Borrowing of materials, however, is limted to current faculty, staff and students as well as those patrons belonging to Friends of Maag Library. Reference materials must be used within the library. The circulation policy of the Government Documents section reflects the general circulation policies of Maag Library.
A good place to begin is by searching the library's online catalog--MaagNET. Search by subject, author, title or keyword. MaagNet includes the majority of documents currently held in Maag's collection. Titles available on the Web have a direct link in the online catalog.
Search for government documents in electronic and/or print format:
Search by subject, author, title or keyword. MaagNet includes the majority of documents currently held in Maag's collection. Titles available on the Web have a direct link in the online catalog.
When using MaagNET, government documents in print are identified by the notation Govt Docs.
Microfiche documents are identified by the term Micro Docs.
FDsys: Search Government Publications
FDsys: Browse Government Publications
Catalog of U.S. Government Publications
The CGP is the finding tool for federal publications that includes descriptive records for historical and current publications and provides direct links to those that are available online.
MetaLib is a federated search engine that searches multiple U.S. Federal government databases, retrieving reports, articles, and citations while providing direct links to selected resources available online.
GPO Advanced Search / Off Campus Access
A catalog of U.S. government documents from 1976 to the present. The database describes Congressional reports, hearings, debates and records; judiciary materials; and documents issued by executive departments. It contains records on all subjects of interest to the U.S. government.
For government information search engines, see Government Information On the Web.
Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs) Classification System
Government documents have their own unique identification system known as the Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs) Classification System.
FDLP Desktop: Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs) Classification System
A system of library classification developed in the office of the Superintendent of Documents of the United States Government Printing Office (GPO) at the turn of the 20th century.
Learning SuDocs Call Numbers (Michigan State University)
The SuDocs system follows the organizational structure of the federal government. Publications are grouped according to the issuing departments or agencies (i.e. C for Commerce, L for Labor). Other letters and numbers are added to further identify bureaus, type of publication, series or title.
Current Lettering for SuDoc Class Stems:
A | Agriculture | JU | Judiciary |
AE | National Archives & Records Administration | L | Labor Department |
B | Broadcasting Board of Governors | LC | Library of Congress |
C | Commerce Department | LR | National Labor Relations Board |
CC | Federal Communications Commission | MS | Merit Systems Protection Board |
CR | Civil Rights Commission | NAS | National Aeronautics & Space Administration |
D | Defense Department | NC | National Capital Planning Commission |
E | Energy Department | NCU | National Credit Union Administration |
ED | Education Department | NF | National Foundation on the Arts & the Humanities |
EP | Environmental Protection Agency | NMB | National Mediation Board |
FA | Fine Arts Commission | NS | National Science Foundation |
FCA | Farm Credit Administration | OP | Overseas Private Investment Corporation |
FHF | Federal Housing Financing Board | P | United States Postal Service |
FM | Federal Mediation & Conciliation Service | PE | Peace Corps |
FMC | Federal Maritime Commission | PM | Personnel Management Office |
FR | Federal Reserve System Board of Governors | PR | President of the United States |
FT | Federal Trade Commission | PREX | Executive Office of the President |
FTZ | Foreign-Trade Zones Board | PRVP | Vice President of the United States |
GA | Government Accountability Office | RR | Railroad Retirement Board |
GP | Government Printing Office | S | State Department |
GS | General Services Administration | SBA | Small Business Administration |
HE | Health & Human Services Department | SE | Securities & Exchange Commission |
HH | Housing & Urban Development Department | SI | Smithsonian Institution |
HS | Homeland Security | SSA | Social Security Administration |
I | Interior Department | T | Treasury Department |
IC | Interstate Commerce Commission | TD | Transportation Department |
ID | US Agency for International Development | TDA | US Trade & Development Agency |
ITC | International Trade Commission | VA | Veterans Affairs Department |
J | Justice Department |
Congress |
List of Classes of U.S. Government Publications Available for Selection by Depository Libraries
An actual SuDoc number may look something like this:
L = Labor Department
L 2. = Bureau of Labor Statistics
L 2.44: = Compensation and Working Conditions
L 2.44:46/3 = Volume 46, issue no. 3 of Compensation and Working Conditions
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Dawn of Durga
As the plane touches down in Kolkata, I spy what appears to be row upon row of lowing lights in the distance, setting the dusk sky ablaze with their luminescence. The lights, reminiscent of a magical fairyland, cast their spell on me. Breaking my reverie, the passenger beside me remarks that Durga Puja is in full swing on the streets of Kolkata, the glowing lights demarcating pandals (makeshift structures) set up to mark the festivities.
Words: Chitra S Photography: Adam Lee
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Person Details
Birth name:
Richard Samuel Attenborough
August 29, 1923 in Cambridge, England, GB
Prior to becoming the acclaimed director of epic features, Lord Richard Attenborough was noted for being a diversified actor whose roles ranged from unrepentant misfits to respected military men in both comedies and dramas. After making his mark as the sociopathic Pinky Brown in "Brighton Rock" (1943), Attenborough settled into a long onscreen career that spanned several decades and earned him numerous awards. Up until the early 1960s, he was famous in his native England, while remaining largely unknown across the Atlantic. But that all changed with a standout performance in the ensemble epic, "The Great Escape" (1963), a large scale Hollywood blockbuster that introduced Attenborough to a wider audience. From there, he branched out into directing, helming the antiwar musical, "Oh! What A Lovely War" (1969). Socially conscious, Attenborough began focusing his creative energies on subjects about larger-than-life figures who changed the world, which culminated in directing one of the last true epics, "Gandhi" (1982). A stunning achievement in both scale and intimacy, "Gandhi" was a high watermark in Attenborough's career. Though later efforts like "Chaplin" (1992) and "Shadowlands" (1993) failed to live up to the measure of "Gandhi," Attenborough nonetheless remained a cinematic legend well into the new millennium. LessPrior to becoming the acclaimed director of epic features, Lord Richard Attenborough was noted for being a diversified actor … More
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Showcase with Barbara Kellar: Santa J. Ono, President of the University of Cincinnati
On this episode of SHOWCASE WITH BARBARA KELLAR, we talk with Santa J. Ono about his recent appointment to the position of President of the University of Cincinnati. During the discussion, we will learn about his past accomplishments and his vision for the future of U.C.
27 minutes
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Santa Fe Edge
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ISBN 9780451232939 | 400 pages | 29 Mar 2011 | Signet | 6.49 x 4.29in | 18 - AND UP
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Lawyer Ed Eagle returns-and so does his past.
Santa Fe attorney Ed Eagle has recovered from his encounters with Mexican organized crime and his ex-wife, Barbara-who's much more dangerous. Now a mysterious new client has come his way, one who may shed light into some dark corners of Ed's past...and put him in danger once more. |
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Thu., Mar. 13
Pierrepont Manor — Col. George H. Hallanan, 95, (U.S. Army, ret.), Windy Hill Acres, Pierrepont Manor, NY will be laid to rest with full military burial honors at the Zion Episcopal Church Cemetery, RT 193, Pierrepont Manor at 11 am, Friday, June 14th with The Very Rev. Dr. Richard Laribee, Rector of Trinity Episcopal Cemetery, Watertown, officiating.


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Biodiversity Heritage Library
About BHL
Browse Our Collection by:
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Subject "Hemoglobin"
Books/Journals (4)
Chapters/Articles/Treatments (0)
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Haemoglobin; a symposium based on a conference held at Cambridge in June 1948 in memory of Sir Joseph Barcroft. Editors: F.J.W. Roughton [and] J.C. Kendrew.
By: Kendrew, John C. - Roughton, Francis John Worsley,
Publication info: London,Butterworths Scientific Publications;1949.
Contributed by: MBLWHOI Library, Woods Hole
Subjects: 1872-1947 Barcroft, Joseph, Hemoglobin Sir,
BHL Collections: MBLWHOI Library, Woods Hole
View Book
Hemoglobin electrophoresis in the systematics of bats (Microchiroptera) /
By: Tamsitt, J. R. - Valdivieso, Dario, - Royal Ontario Museum.
Publication info: Toronto :Royal Ontario Museum,c1969.
Contributed by: Royal Ontario Museum (archive.org)
Subjects: Bats Chemotaxonomy Classification Electrophoresis Hemoglobin
View Book
The respiratory function of the blood.
By: Barcroft, Joseph,
Publication info: CambridgeUniversity Press1925-28
Contributed by: Gerstein - University of Toronto (archive.org)
Subjects: Altitude, Influence of Blood Hemoglobin Respiration
View Book
Studies on the blood of amphibia by A.B. Macallum.
By: Macallum, A. B. - Canadian Institute.
Publication info: Toronto :Copp, Clark,1892.
Contributed by: Canadiana.org (archive.org)
Subjects: Amphibians Canada Cytology Hemoglobin
View Book


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Finance >> Browse Articles
Browse Finance Articles
7 Ways to Lower Your Utility Bill
The average American home will spend $990 on heating this year, according to the Energy Information Administration (EIA). Add that to the rising costs of food, clothing, and travel, and almost every individual and family will feel the pinch. Fortunately, you can make your utility bills more manageable. Many steps to reducing your bills apply to everyone, even those living in ... -
Man Detained After Stolen Plane Crashes by Runway
FREDERICK, Md. - Frederick city police say a plane stolen from a hangar at Frederick Airport crashed into grass by a runway when the pilot lost control. Officers called to the airport around 2:15 a.m. Monday were told that after the plane crashed, a man who was operating the Piper Super Cub airplane ran from the area. A man who matched ... -
401(k)s: Employer Contributions Get the Ax
When times are tough, companies find cost savings wherever they can. Now some employers are doing away with the 401(k) match, a benefit once considered almost sacred. The list of companies that have suspended or cut back corporate matching in their defined-contribution retirement plans this year is not trivial. It includes General Motors (GM), Frontier Airlines (FRNTQ), car-rental company Dollar Thrifty ... -
Mortgages: What You Need to Know in 2009
With all the doom and gloom over housing, you might be surprised to know that this is a fantastic time to get a mortgage. Not if you have poor credit, to be sure. But you can get a great deal on a 30-year, fixed-rate, conforming loan these days if you have a solid FICO score, a manageable debt burden, and proof ... -
5 Insurance Myths Busted
Misinformation and myths plague the insurance industry. Many times consumers aren't sure how much insurance to purchase or if they have purchased the right kind to begin with. If you're one of the thousands of Americans that don't understand insurance and what it offers read this list of the top 5 insurance myths and the facts behind them." h4. 1.) Auto ... -
FAQ's About Firefighter Credit Unions
One of the great benefits of being a firefighter is the aspect of family that comes along with the job. Firefighters have taken that to a whole new level with fire credit unions - organizations that are just like regular banks but are not-for-profit, have much better rates for loans, and little to no service fees. Also, once you're a member ... -
10 Things You May Not Know About Your Finances
1: Medicare doesn't cover nursing home care. Nearly 60% of Americans think Medicare pays for nursing care, and 52% assume that it covers assisted living, according to a 2006 survey by AARP. Not so. Medicare's coverage of long-term care is extremely limited. It'll cover part of the cost of a skilled nursing facility while you recover from an injury or illness. ... -
Bailout Bill Extends Tax Breaks for Individuals
In 2008, legislation was passed to help rescue US markets and the economy. But did you know that these bailout bills also included a bundle of income tax breaks? The biggest ones are known as "extenders" - popular tax breaks that might seem permanent to most taxpayers, but actually must be renewed every year or two. Stuffed inside the *Emergency Economic ... -
Rising Food Costs in a Recession
Everything from the price of gasoline to the midwestern floods will affect your grocery bill in coming months. The cost of celery is up 106%. Not surprisingly: the cost of meat is kept artificially low thanks to massive lobbyist subsidies. Lesson: eat fewer lentils and more tangerines. Do you need solutions to food cost increases? Get a grip on your budget. ... -
Six Tips to Put Your Financial House in Order
If you want to spend less time worrying about your money, then it's time to get your financial act together. These six strategies can help improve your financial situation and simplify your life at the same time. h4. 1. Put Your Savings on Autopilot If you haven't maxed out your 401k or other retirement plan at work, add an extra $50 ... -
New Financial Opportunities for Money-Savvy College Applicants
Ripple effects of a dour economy are making this college application season as nerve-wracking for some admissions officers as it is for applicants. But for savvy families, there may be new opportunities. "A lot of schools are going to be concerned about meeting their requisite enrollment thresholds," says Barmak Nassirian of the American Association of College Registrars and Admissions Officers. "They ... -
Your Job Search Expenses May Be Tax-Deductible
Did you spend substantial amounts of money looking for a new position last year? You may be able to succeed where Nelson Rockefeller failed and take a tax deduction for many of your job search-related costs. When New York Governor Rockefeller was appointed vice president in the '70s, he deducted expenses incurred in connection with his congressional confirmation hearings. Years later, ... -
Budget Your Bonus
Memo to Americans: As a group, for every $1,000 we bring in after taxes, we are saving $7, according to the Commerce Department. Why bring this up? Because if you're anticipating an annual bonus this year, you should probably skip the cruise. Considering salary increases are barely keeping pace with inflation, no wonder white-collar workers are coveting those bonuses to help ... -
Should You Take Advice from Your 401k Provider?
The Pension Protection Act, which both strengthens employers' existing pension obligations and discourages them from undertaking new obligations, also makes a broader point to US workers: "The overall message of the bill is, you're on your own," says James Lange, a lawyer, CPA and author of Retire Secure. Even so, the 2006 law has also made it less daunting for workers ... -
2009 Predictions for the Housing Market
Happy New Year to you all and thank you for all you do to make our country great. You are all so appreciated. I've been asked write up a 2009 housing prediction, but this is nearly impossible to do with significant accuracy. But, I'll take out the crystal ball and do my best so you can know what this housing expert ... -
Bad Credit Can Spell Job Search Woes
Is there something personal in your financial past that you'd rather not explain to a stranger -- say bad credit, bankruptcy or a proclivity for spending thousands of dollars on lingerie at Victoria's Secret? Then applying for a new job or going after a promotion could put you in a tricky spot, because an employer can easily find out about all ... -
Safeguard Your Retirement in Hard Times
Investment losses, job loss or downsizing, an upward adjustment on your adjustable rate mortgage, and higher prices on everything from gas for your car to rice for the table are only some of the current factors that could derail your financial planning for your golden years. When your income is not covering all your expenses, it can be tempting to simply ... -
Seven Steps to Get A Loan For Your Business
Loans are a time-tested way of raising capital for your business. We would love to tell you that it is as easy as going to the bank and asking for money, but as you probably know by now it is quite the opposite. We wrote the following steps to help you raise the right amount of capital to get your business ... -
5 Money Mistakes Smart People Make
Everyone has at least one frugal friend who always crows about how much money he saves by clipping coupons or frequenting discount stores. And while this friend's behavior/bragging is a great reminder of how you should be more financially savvy — especially when the U.S. economy isn't in the best shape — he may overlook some simple savings strategies that you've ... -
Bad Credit Can Spell Job Search Woes
Is there something personal in your financial past that you'd rather not explain to a stranger -- say bad credit, bankruptcy or a proclivity for spending thousands of dollars on lingerie at Victoria's Secret? Then applying for a new job or going after a promotion could put you in a tricky spot, because an employer can easily find out about all ...


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Bold, Modern Living Room
Designer Diego Rincon creates a contemporary living space in a New York City loft with streamlined furniture and richly colored...
A link to %this page% was e-mailed
For this Washington, D.C., project, J. Allen combines modern furnishings with traditional architectural details to create a formal living room. We caught up with Allen to find out how she mixed the two styles and created the entertaining space that the homeowners desired.
The largest issue in this space was creating a sense of balance. Balancing the blend of antiques with modern furnishings to create an interesting yet harmonious flow; as well as creating a functional floor plan that was balanced around the original architectural details.
The biggest obstacle in this space was scale, incorporating multiple seating areas to accommodate a maximum number of people without the space feeling crowded with furniture. This was accomplished by selecting and customizing very large streamlined pieces that do not add a great deal of visual weight to the space.
I love this space, the end result is pretty identical to my original vision. However, there is one thing that was changed from my original vision. I really pushed for grander window treatments. I think full panels of silk would have put the space over the top, but the large original moldings are a highlight the homeowners couldn't bare to cover.
Old homes equal plaster walls and ceilings, which add to the timeline, budget and mess. Minor construction projects resulted in a dust factor that was outrageous. The homeowners were occupying the property and what was supposed to be a clean, simple and contained project, ultimately affected the entire 6,000-square-foot home. In the future, I'll recommend a hotel.
The addition of the blue via the dogwood paintings and antique-style benches really add a energetic pop to the monochromatic palette. The collection of artifacts on the fifth century Greek distressed wood tables represent the homeowners travels: natural unformed malachite from Ivory Coast, decorative beads from Uganda and a hammered metal bowl from India.
Designer Diego Rincon creates a contemporary living space in a New York City loft with streamlined furniture and richly colored...
Make the most of a traditional living room by adding a modern design twist.
(video 00:04:10)


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Publication: The Charlotte Observer
Author: Shawn Cetrone
05/05/2012 - Chris, an Ebinport Elementary fourth-grader, took a deep breath as he prepared to taste lettuce and radishes for the first time.First a small bite. Then another. And another. Then a thumbs-up."It's really awesome," he said.Why did the 10-year-old, who saw leafy greens as gross, bother to sample salad in the first place?Because, Chris said, he and classmates raised the veggies from seeds.***New federal rules, taking effect this year, require schools to double the amount of fruits and vegetables served, increase whole grains, serve only low-fat or fat-free milk and limit trans fats. By 2022, schools must cut the amount of sodium served in half.A poll released this month by the Pew Charitable Trusts' Kids' Safe and Healthful Foods Project shows most Americans favor improving food sold in school.Eighty percent support a national nutritional standard for competitive foods like snacks and drinks sold "a la carte."Health advocates say school gardens are crucial to inspiring children to embrace fresher fare.***Read the full article, Garden Fresh Goes Over Well at School, on the Charlotte Observer's website.


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Bodhnath Stupa
The first stupa at Bodhnath was built sometime after AD 600, when the Tibetan king, Songtsen Gampo, converted to Buddhism. According to legend, the king constructed the stupa as an act of penance after unwittingly killing his father. Unfortunately, the first stupa was wrecked by Mughal invaders in the 14th century, so the current stupa is a more recent construction.


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Cirrhosis questions to ask your doctor. Third Age website. Available at: http://www.thirdage.com/hc/c/cirrhosis-questions-doctor . Accessed April 24, 2013.
Tips for talking to your doctor. American Academy of Family Physicians Family Doctor website. Available at: http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/healthcare-management/working-with-your-doctor/tips-for-talking-to-your-doctor.html . Updated November 2010. Accessed April 24, 2013.
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Nov 21, 2012, 05:11 AM | #1 |
Upgrade Help
I currently have a 2007 iMac (2.8 Core 2 Duo, 500GB HD, ATI HD2600 256Mb graphics). I am ready to upgrade to a new desktop and am leaning towards the new Mac Mini Server model ( I don't really need a server, but i like the idea of two internal hard drives). Mainly will be used for web surfing and IPhoto (40k photo album)
Couple of questions: - I'm not a techie and don't fully understand all that goes into benchmark scores. Will the Mini outperform my current Imac noticeably? - Will the server version of OSX cause me any unexpected headaches? I am hoping it will look and feel the same as the regular OS. Not going to use the server functionality, so i hope it does not cause any setup or upgrade headaches down the road. - I already have a two Apple Displays which is a big part of why i was looking at the mini vs the new iMac (along with the price). For what i use the system for will the lack of dedicated graphics be noticeable. - I am fortunate and have a 10% off card for a purchase at an apple retail store. I was considering upgrading to the 2.6 but i could not take advantage of the discount then - but i could take advantage of the education pricing. Is the speed bump worth the cost assuming i am maxing out the RAM? Thanks in advance for any comments or thoughts you can share. Ed |
0 |
Nov 21, 2012, 07:58 AM | #2 |
I think.....
1- You will note a performance increase. New mac Mini have a quad core. Not so sure about the web browsing and iPhoto experience, but sure that will be snappier.
2-In my experience, the headaches in the server version of OS X starts when one wants to configure and tweak the software-hardware as a server. Said the latter, the server version have some particularities in the GUI and general feeling what are different from the normal OS X. Not sure about Mountain Lion, because I am not upgrading my machine to ML 3-Dont think so the loss of dedicated graphics will damage your user experience. But I dont know if you plan to use the 2 displays at the same time 4- Go with the base model and get the 10% off. For me, the upgrade to the 2.6 it is not worth. But again, more power, little or not, always can be useful
Mac Pro 2012 3.06 Westmere version, 12 Core 64 GB RAM, 4 TB , iPhone 5 (black) |
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