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Real-time feed is a continuous flow of data that carries instantaneous information. That feed can be associated to one or several clients, and can be associated as a whole to all clients, or each client has its own parts (packets) of feed. We can put them in points to clarify our scope:
First one is the simplest case as we have only one client so we can store arrived data in a single queue, and manage it with simple queue management technique. Second one is our interest; the two sections (2-1, 2-2) are so different in handling. Number (2-1) means that the sender of the feed must include destination id in each sent packet. A good example for that section is network router. Network routers receive packets from senders and route them to the right destination. Section (2-2) means the feed is forwarded to all clients, so no need for packets to include destination id. Section (2-2) is the scope of this article. The final goal of the article is to distribute real-time feed between multiple clients with different bandwidths as in the following figure:
Real time stream distribution is a critical issue that needs a perfect data structure to store and distribute real time feed efficiently. The system receives real-time feed and forwards it to all clients as in the following figure:
Actually, most systems don't forward feed directly to clients. They have two options:
There are many reasons for saving the feed or its processing results in a temporary storage before sending to clients:
So, we need to decide what is the most suitable data structure to store the feed? And how can we send to clients of different bandwidths? To answer this question needs to assign our goals from this storage:
The best storage to achieve these goals is the pipe or the queue. Feed is received from one side and is sent from the other side; First In First Out (FIFO). A queue is a collection of entities linked in order. New entity is added to the tail of the queue and old entity is removed from the head terminal. So, queue is just a FIFO (First In First Out) data structure. The first added entity is the first manipulated one. Any Queue should keep its tail and head entities to handle addition and removal of them. Each entity in the queue points to the next entity.
So, the choice is suitable for our needs because:
Shared Queue functions:
In our case, we need some special cases to fulfill our need:
#define MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE 32768 struct QElement { QElement(int nSequence) { m_nSequence = nSequence; m_nRecvOffset = 0; m_pNext = NULL; } // element creation sequence in the queue int m_nSequence; // offset of received data in element buffer int m_nRecvOffset; // pointer to the next element in the queue QElement* m_pNext; // buffer of the element char m_pBuffer[MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE]; };
The standard usage of the function Enqueue is to add new node at queue tail, but in our queue it does only that if the tail node is full of data. In other words, the Queue uses the Enqueue function to get the working (not full) tail node. It also adds received buffer to queue element and increments "receive offset" (m_nRecvOffset) with amount of received data. The Enqueue function checks for tail "receive offset" to decide if it is full or not as in the following flow-chart figure:
//************************************ // Method: Enqueue // Access: protected // Returns: QElement* // Purpose: add new element at queue tail if needed //************************************ QElement* Enqueue() { QElement* pQE; ::EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs); if(m_pTail == NULL) // initialize first element in the list pQE = m_pHead = m_pTail = m_pGarbage = new QElement(0); // check if last received element reached its element end else if(m_pTail->m_nRecvOffset >= MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE) { // add new element to the list and let last element points to it pQE = m_pTail->m_pNext = new QElement(m_pTail->m_nSequence + 1); // increment Tail to the new created element m_pTail = pQE; // increment Head if(m_pTail->m_nSequence > m_nMaxQueueLength) // advance head pointer to next element m_pHead = m_pHead->m_pNext; ... } else // in the middle of the element pQE = m_pTail; ::LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs); return pQE; }
The queue uses its protected function Dequeue() to retrieve an element to send its data to client. Each client must have a pointer (initialized to NULL) to its working node and the offset in this node. The Dequeue function uses these parameters to adjust next working node and offset as in the following flow-chart. The Dequeue function doesn't remove elements as in normal queue because shared queue sends data to multiple clients. Hence, all queue nodes is kept until they are removed by a garbage collector loop in the Enqueue function. The last point to mention is the type of the client, if it is a real-time then it should join the queue for the first time at its tail to receive last received data, or if it is not real-time it should join the queue at its head to receive all data.
//************************************ // Method: Dequeue // Access: protected // Returns: bool // Purpose: get head element to send its data // Parameter: QElement * & pCurElement // Parameter: int & nCurElementSendOffset //************************************ bool Dequeue(QElement*& pCurElement, int& nCurElementSendOffset) { ::EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs); // pCurElement = NULL for new client if(pCurElement == NULL || pCurElement->m_nSequence < m_pHead->m_nSequence) // check if client need real time data or all out of date data if(m_bRealTime) // point to the tail directly pCurElement = m_pTail, nCurElementSendOffset = m_pTail ? m_pTail->m_nRecvOffset : 0; else // point to the head to get all stored data (first in) pCurElement = m_pHead, nCurElementSendOffset = 0; // check if received element reach its storage end else if(nCurElementSendOffset >= MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE && pCurElement->m_pNext) // get next element and reset send offset pCurElement = pCurElement->m_pNext, nCurElementSendOffset = 0; ::LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs); // success if an element is found return pCurElement != NULL; }
Shared queue receives data in two ways. First is Recv(const char* pBuffer, int nLength), which is a simple call with the buffer to be saved in the queue. Second is template<class RECEIVER> int Recv(RECEIVER& receiver), which asks class of type RECEIVER to receive data.
const char* pBuffer, int nLength
template<class RECEIVER> int Recv(RECEIVER& receiver)
This is the first way to receive data. It receives buffer with any length and calls Enqueue function to get the working queue node to keep data. So, in many cases it needs to loop if received length is greater than MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE.
//************************************ // Method: Recv // Access: public // Returns: int // Purpose: ask class of type RECEIVER to receive data in queue nodes // Parameter: const char * pBuffer // Parameter: int nLength //************************************ int Recv(const char* pBuffer, int nLength) { int nRecvLength = 0; while(nRecvLength < nLength) { QElement* pQE = Enqueue(); if(pQE->m_nRecvOffset < MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE) { // receive in last element int nRecv = min(MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE - pQE->m_nRecvOffset, nLength - nRecvLength); memcpy(pQE->m_pBuffer+pQE->m_nRecvOffset, pBuffer+nRecvLength, nRecv); // increment element offset with the received bytes pQE->m_nRecvOffset += nRecv; nRecvLength += nRecv; } } // return total received bytes return nRecvLength; }
This is the second way to receive data. It asks class of type RECEIVER to receive data. It calls Enqueue function to get the working queue node to keep data. This function loops to request data from the RECEIVER Recv function till the enqueued node "receive offset" reaches MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE.
//************************************ // Method: Recv // Access: public // Returns: int // Purpose: ask class of type RECEIVER to receive data in queue nodes // Parameter: RECEIVER& receiver //************************************ template<class RECEIVER> int Recv(RECEIVER& receiver) { // get tail element to save received data QElement* pQE = Enqueue(); int nRecvLength = 0, nRecv; while(pQE->m_nRecvOffset < MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE) { // receive in last element if((nRecv = receiver.Recv(pQE->m_pBuffer + pQE->m_nRecvOffset, MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE - pQE->m_nRecvOffset)) <= 0) return nRecv; // increment element offset with the received bytes pQE->m_nRecvOffset += nRecv; // increment total received bytes nRecvLength += nRecv; } // return total received bytes return nRecvLength; }
Although Send template has a simple Flow-Chart and code, it is the key of this article. To send to multiple clients, the owner of the queue should keep the "send element" and the "offset" in that element for each client. The key here is that each client in independent of other clients. Therefore, if the sender is a socket class and has a good connection it will be always synchronized with the receive process. If the sender connection is slow, it may lag, but it will not affect other clients. Client information (SendElement, ElementOffset) are passed to the Send function to be used as in the following Flow-Chart and Code.
Send template
//************************************ // Method: Send // Access: public // Returns: int // Purpose: delegate queue buffer send to a sender of class SENDER // Parameter: SENDER& sender // the class that must implement Send(char*, int) function // Parameter: QElement * & pCurElement // client current element pointer // Parameter: int & nCurElementSendOffset // current offset in client element //************************************ template<class SENDER> int Send(SENDER& sender, QElement*& pCurElement, int& nCurElementSendOffset) { // get head element to send its data if(m_pHead == NULL || Dequeue(pCurElement, nCurElementSendOffset) == false) // return false as no elements to send return 0; // calculate bytes to send int nSendBytes = min(MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE/2, pCurElement->m_nRecvOffset - nCurElementSendOffset); // send bytes to client if(nSendBytes <= 0 || (nSendBytes = sender.Send (pCurElement->m_pBuffer + nCurElementSendOffset, nSendBytes)) <= 0) return nSendBytes; // increment sent bytes offset nCurElementSendOffset += nSendBytes; // return total sent bytes return nSendBytes; }
Shared Queue sends feed to multiple clients with various speeds, so some clients may have low bandwidth and may be delayed with a few nodes. Normal dequeue process frees sent nodes, but in our case we can't free nodes till we make sure that they are sent to all clients, or we can delay freeing it to a certain limit. In my queue, I follow the strategy of free nodes before queue Head with a certain length as in the following figure: Remember, Receiving data is done from tail side, so, freeing nodes from garbage side will not affect receiving feed. Also, for real-time clients, send is done with client node pointer which is always the tail node for normal and fast clients. For slow non real-time clients, send starts from Head node and goes fast to tail node to work like real-time clients. Consequently, Garbage Collection is safe. In order to make the process safer, I put garbage collection code in the Enqueue code to group the allocation and free of nodes in the same function. Check garbage collection code underlined in the Enqueue code:
//************************************ // Method: Enqueue // Access: protected // Returns: QElement* // Purpose: add new element at queue tail if needed //************************************ QElement* Enqueue() { QElement* pQE; ::EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs); if(m_pTail == NULL) // initialize first element in the list pQE = m_pHead = m_pTail = m_pGarbage = new QElement(0); // check if last received element reached its element end else if(m_pTail->m_nRecvOffset >= MAX_ELEMENT_SIZE) { // add new element to the list and let last element points to it pQE = m_pTail->m_pNext = new QElement(m_pTail->m_nSequence + 1); // increment Tail to the new created element m_pTail = pQE; // increment Head if(m_pTail->m_nSequence > m_nMaxQueueLength) // advance head pointer to next element m_pHead = m_pHead->m_pNext; // increment Garbage if(m_pHead->m_nSequence > min(m_nMaxQueueLength, MAX_QUEUE_LENGTH)) { // keep next element QElement* pNext = m_pGarbage->m_pNext; // clear element delete m_pGarbage; // point to next element m_pGarbage = pNext; } } else // in the middle of the element pQE = m_pTail; ::LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs); return pQE; }
You can define any number of queues in your application. The code listed here defines one queue, one thread to receive feed, and one thread to distribute this feed to clients list. You can define many Send threads, each having its own clients list. So you can send to thousands of clients distributed between tens of threads.
SharedQueue sq; struct CFeedClient { CFeedClient() { // initialize send pointer and offset m_pCurSendElem = NULL; m_nCurSendElemOffset = 0; } QElement *m_pCurSendElem; int m_nCurSendElemOffset; SOCKET m_sock; int Send(const char* lpcs, int nLength) { return ::send(m_sock, lpcs, nLength, 0); } ... }; void RecvThreadFunc(LPVOID pParam) { int nLength; char szbuf[10240]; while(true) { // Recv feed from some where ... // (fill szBuf and nLength), data can be processed or transformed // save received feed in the queue sq.Recv(szbuf, nLength); } } void SendThreadFunc(LPVOID pParam) { vector<CFeedClient>* pvClients = (vector<CFeedClient>*)pParam; while(true) // send saved feed to thread clients for(vector<CFeedClient>::iterator client = pvClients->begin(); client != pvClients->end(); client++) sq.Send(*client, client->m_pCurSendElem, client->m_nCurSendElemOffset); } void Usage() { vector<CFeedClient> vClients; // create Recv thread _beginthread(RecvThreadFunc, 0, NULL); // create Send thread to send saved feed to thread clients _beginthread(SendThreadFunc, 0, (LPVOID)&vClients); // Note: you can create multiple threads with each has its own clients list }
SharedQueue is a thread safe class as it synchronizes changes of its linked list with critical section. Queue Linked List changes are limited to add or remove new nodes to the queue, which is done by Enqueue, Dequeue, or Clear functions. The other functions Recv and Send are independent, so no need to synchronize their access, and they are the only callers for Enqueue and Dequeue. So, the user of the shared queue can design one thread to receive feed and multiple threads to send it or its resultant as in section Feed Distribution.
Sender may set "send timeout" to a small value to make sure all clients have equal chances or sending data, but in this case slow clients (slow connection) may lag than fast clients (fast connection). Slow client may accept delayed data than losing data.
"Sender Type" that is passed to the Send template can be a Socket class, that has a function Send, or it can be any type that has a Send function. User of this class can take data and transfer it to any type or do any processing like compression or encryption, then keep or send it.
To build a simple feed distribution system we need:
If a client disconnected due to network errors, our system should let it for a certain period in threads data hoping that it will reconnect again shortly. In this way the object regarding this client still keeping its offset in the queue and will continue from its last location in the data. So, it will not lose any part of the data. If the keeping period is exceeded, the systems should delete client object, and next time it reconnects, it will join in the queue tail to receive just arrived feed as a new client.
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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Safety Study of Anti-Programmed Death-1 in Hematologic Malignancy
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Study Status: | This study is currently recruiting participants. |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | March 2015 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date: | March 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |

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This is the third in our series of hand-crafted map supplements for use in role-playing games. This Hand-Crafted Map supplement features a unique cliff-side village, built for protection there are many secrets in this village hidden deep within the cliffs. Who inhabits this small village? What secrets might be hidden within its walls or inside the cliff itself? What is the need for the unique architecture at the cliff dwelling, and why have its inhabitants built in this particular location? Is it due to ease of defense, for cultural preferences, or is there some spiritual or sacred connection to the site?
The maps within are all hand drawn and evoke a time of simplicity in role-playing games when the only things you needed to play were a character sheet, a pencil, some dice, and your imagination.
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These are cute, but not exactly what I expected. Wish more of a preview was available to know what to expect. Mostly neutrals and dark colors; not necessarily what I pictured as "Childhood" colors. Cute journaling prompts though!


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65 posts found | |
I have a wireless internet connection with a monthly limit of 20GB though I can buy extra in 1GB and 10GB increments but why am I forced to download all of the content when I don't have access to it? Not a smart move by Turbine and needless to say I quickly cancelled my download of the game. I hope that Turbine wise up in the near future and only prompts to download the content that the free player has access to and not all the friggin 16.9GB. |
i,m lost..you should be d/loading the full game at once..it might take a few restarts but it should all install at once really
Originally posted by kevjards the OP is angry that s/he have to download the full game to do the free trial stuff... But if i am not completley wrong i think you can do pretty much all of the original game as a free player so you would have amassive download any way. As for the reason, weill it is simple. The idea is that you will like the game and become a member and they do not want you to have to sit and wait for a few hours once you do the lead. It is pretty simple. This have been a good conversation |
It's my understanding that FTP players have full access to the main quest. Which means you have access to the whole of Middle Earth, you can go anywhere. Quests within certain areas you haven't paid for are locked out. I'm guessing it's the same for expansions. You have access to the main quest within the new areas, just not the side quests. So how would you cut the download size down when a huge chunck is on textures? I'm in the same boat as you. However I only get 15Gig a month. If I need to download huge files I'll pop round to my folks, download and bang it on to a Flash Drive. |
It's turbines fault your internet supplier sucks?
Originally posted by tawess Well it's stupid to be forced to download the entire content at once when you could download the expansion content when you have access to it as many people like me has a limit on how much data they can download each month. |
Time to change ISPs then. Check out Clear, they have not only an unlimited service nor a contract. You pay monthly and can quit whenever with no additional fees. They have a service map on their website, so check and see if they cover your area. I used them for several month with their portable hub for my tablet and the speeds were incredible. |
Because you can play the whole game minus expansions free.
The "issue" with MMO development is that there are TOO MANY suits and not enough gamers making games. |
Originally posted by MMOGamer71 Why do I have to download the expansions when they are not available to me as a free player? This is my whole point of this thread... I don't want to be forced to download tons of content that is locked out from me. |
Originally posted by DancingQueen You can still play through the main storyline in every zone of every expansion for free, whats locked out are the quests in each region. You have to purchase those separately, or you can just grind on mobs and never do quests and still lvl from 1 to 75 for free, but that will take a very long time! Or before the Steam sale is over on the 5th, purchase the LOTRO triple pack for $19.99, and the Riders of Rohan Heroic Edition for $24.99 and you'll have every quest unlocked throughout the entire game until the next expansion... |
Because a free player has access to the entire game world is why. There is nowhere you cannot go. The only restrictions are that you have to be a certain level to access Moria and therefore Rohan, and that you're likely to be killed if you were to say try to get to Isengard as a level 5 character. At one point Turbine was working with Gaikai to let certain random people who signed up play on Gaikai for an hour or something so you could try playing without waiting for a download but I think Gaikai got purchased since then and I don't know that they're still doing that. |
Originally posted by DancingQueen Because you can access all the content areas event if it's locked. They don't block any of the main story line so say for instance if you don't have Moria, you can still go there and do the main quest line. Plus it's not Turbine's fault you have such a small data cap. |
Originally posted by keirion This. With your f2p account you can play the whole game - true with restrictions, but the whole content is accessible. I think it's working the same with most mmo's, the client always contains the whole game and when you buy expansions you only get an unlock to that particular content, but it's already on your disk. |
Originally posted by JerYnkFan You can't exactly level just from the story quests though. But it is true that you can travel the world even if the quests are locked. It is a heavy download for a person just to try out the game though. They could come up with something better, they just don't have teh manpower, money or desire to do so. |
Originally posted by DancingQueen Let me get this straight, your complaining because your getting too much game for free? You'd rather Turbine didn't allow you to play through and hunt in all zone (even expansions) for free? The entitlement mentality of the F2P player never stops amazing me. However I do know these are hard times, and my heart goes out to you.Seriously never hope I become so hard up i can't even afford to pay my ISP for F2P games. |
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Joined: 5/15/06 The doctors say his chances are 50/50...but there's only a 10% chance of that. |
Originally posted by winter or they didnt know they could do that and thought they were downloading massive areas they couldnt access, depending on your reading comprehension. no points off for trying though winter El Psy Congroo |
Originally posted by DancingQueen Even though the game is restricted to free players you can earn tp buy completed deeds and quest so you can earn enough point to buy quest packs and so forth. if you have the time and the patience then the game is basically free. But its really worth becoming a vip memeber cause you pay three months in advance and you get a monthly allowance of tp points. Turbine does it right !!!!!!!! Edgar F Greenwood |
Originally posted by DancingQueen because otherwise you would be here whining instead why do you have to download more data everytime you buy some new area? (yes i know he can go anywhere without buying anything, i just thing that stupid question needs equally stupid response :) ) |
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Joined: 5/15/06 The doctors say his chances are 50/50...but there's only a 10% chance of that. |
Originally posted by Benedikt considering such purchases and downloads could then be spread out and would probably help i think you only got the "stupid response" part right El Psy Congroo |
Originally posted by winter I complain that it's too much to download just to try out the game. Many ISPs have put in restrictions on how much data that you can download each month and Turbine and other MMORPG companies needs to understand this and act accordingly. They could have done it like SOE does it with EQ2 that has the option of a minimal client that downloads more data when you need it. |


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ROCKFORD, Ill.—U.S. Rep. Bobby Schilling (R-Colona) and U.S. Rep. Don Manzullo (R-Egan) hosted a political gathering with supporters on Sunday at the Prairie Street Brewhouse in Rockford.
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Schilling, who worked with Manzullo as a member of the House Manufacturing Caucus and also as a co-sponsor on the American Manufacturing Competitiveness Act, praised Manzullo for his work for northern Illinois.
"Don Manzullo did an incredible job representing this region, and I know I have big shoes to fill," Schilling said. "I'm looking forward to it. My number one priority is growing jobs and strengthening our manufacturers. We have the best workers in the world—now we need to make sure we create an environment that encourages job growth here at home.
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"Don and I both come from a business background," Schilling added. "We know what it means to have to make a payroll, hire people, and deal with our customers to learn how we can improve our business. We understand that every time we have a financial problem with our business, we can't just raise price of our product. We have to trouble-shoot. That's the case with America. The problem is over-regulation, and over-taxing. We need to simplify the tax code, and not over-regulate our American companies."
For more comments about the future of the Thomson Prison and more, see the exclusive video interview with Congressmen Schilling and Manzullo below. (PA photo/Tom Kocal)


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Editor: When I think of what I am most proud of, it is driving along Hwy. 42, taking me through each county in the 26th District and enjoying the beauty of horse farms along the way. Their important roles in Kentucky's signature industry have always been taken for granted by me, until the last few years. The thoroughbred business and
SPARTA, Ky. – Joe Gibbs Racing driver Joey Logano tightened his stranglehold on Nationwide Series competition at Kentucky Speedway by earning his third consecutive "Meijer 300 presented by Ritz" victory from the pole position by 0.662 of second over Carl Edwards Saturday. Logano led the 200-lap battle five times for 106 lap
Editor: One of the lessons we all should have been learning through the last couple years is that large corporate enterprises can run extremely askew from the public interest. We have even seen them operate against their own best interests as their executives helped themselves to personal financial rewards while steering their companies into
Carrollton's General Butler State Resort Park is among Kentucky State Park facilities that may privatize food services, golf operations and begin selling alcohol by the drink. On Thursday, June 10, the Kentucky Tourism, Arts and Heritage Cabinet launched a plan that state officials said was designed to transform and modernize the Kentu
Wednesday, June 16 Carrollton Rotary Club meets every Wednesday at noon at General Butler State Resort Park. AA Big Book study group meets every Wednesday at 2 p.m. at Carrollton Christian Church, 310 Fifth St. Carroll County High School Site Based Decision Making Council meets at 4 p.m. in the high school conference room. America
Saturday's going to prove to be a challenging day for one of our community's most important annual events — the Carroll County River Sweep.
Three Rivers District Health Department suspended the permit of John Davis, owner of Green Acres Mobile Home Park located at 4784 Hwy. 36 East in Sanders, due to failure to repair repeated regulation violations. The Cabinet for Health and Family Services Department for Public Health file on the case stated the permit suspension occurred June
Carrollton Planning and Zoning Commission approved design plans for the potential construction of a new retail business in Carrollton June 7. The design was approved contingent upon improvements being made to the appearance of the exterior front façade, the addition of two 4 by 4 ft. windows and the endorsement of the color of t
The Trimble Banner In the standing-room-only gymnasium at Trimble County High School, 94 members of the Class of 2010 received their diplomas – marking the completion of their 12-year education. After a performance of "My Old Kentucky Home" by the TCHS band and an invocation by Daryl Haveline, Hanna


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PragueLoading Current Weather Known as a "symphony in stone," Prague's many curiosities date back over 1,000 years making it one of the most intriguing cities in Europe. This city is a living museum and possesses architectural preservation like no other place in the world. Prague has risen to make an extraordinary name for itself upon the fall of the Iron Curtain and welcomes you to discover its captivating, everyday wonders. Academic Programs Offered in Prague History, Culture & Politics Charles University [Courses instructed in Czech and English]
International Business & Economics University of Economics, Prague [Courses instructed in Czech and English]


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Thunderbear is a light hearted take on the "behind the scenes" of American public land management by P.J. Ryan, a 30 year veteran of the National Park Service. You can expect to read commentary on wildlife and park management of the national parks and forests as well as on history and travel, both domestic and foreign.
PJ Ryan can be reached at:
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"Cinematic Journal" by KZO Update!
New "Sharing Needles" mix featuring special guest Evan Ian of "Hot Biscuit!" Also, Press, Fashion, Music, Travel and More at CinematicJournal.com !
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Double-Masked Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cholesterol in Hypocholesterolemic ASD
Sponsored by Autism Speaks -- Grant #2990
Previous work from the Tierney laboratory has suggested that some individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have very low blood cholesterol levels. Low cholesterol may be an important marker for subtypes of ASD. It may also play a role in causing some types of ASD, as cholesterol is known to be important for several aspects of brain development. The present study will test the response of individuals with ASD and low cholesterol to increased cholesterol in their diets. A randomized sample of youths with ASD will be given supplementary cholesterol over a 12-week period, and the effects of the treatment on behavior, communication, and other features of autism will be measured, compared to a group given placebo. This research will help to determine whether adding cholesterol to the diet can improve behavioral problems seen in individuals with ASD and low cholesterol.


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Between doctors, vets and sales calls for my actual job, today's going to require just a quick scan of the day's headlines. Here's the first whip-around…
1. Auburn has decided that if the oaks at Toomer's Corner die as expected, they will be replaced by one or more new oaks. (Kind of an obvious solution.)
2. The Alabama basketball team is going backward.
3. Boise State doesn't expect to add Arkansas to its 2012 football schedule.
4. Dee Bost had a big night for MSU last night… without scoring a lot of points.
5. Ole Miss will look to pull the upset when #14 Florida visits the Tad Pad tonight.
6. Rebel quarterback signee Bo Wallace was cited for underage possession of alcohol last Thursday. Egad.
SEC Headlines – 1/26/12 Part One
January 26th, 2012 12:09 PM║ Posted By: John Pennington ║ Permalink
║ Schools: Alabama, Arkansas, Auburn, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, LSU, Mississippi State, Ole Miss, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vanderbilt
Tags: Boise State, Dee Bost, Tad Pad, Toomer Corner


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The Shut-Off Gladhands for double trailers are designed to keep debris out of the air system with integrated shut-off valves and have dust flat seals and filter screens for added protection. Their zinc die-cast surface ...
Overdrive's Most Beautiful contest is back for a second year. Submit yourself or a female truck driver you know! The first-place winner will win a trip to The Great American Trucking Show in August and will be featured in a story in Overdrive. Submissions accepted through March 20.
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The littlest things can make all the difference, especially in the world of auto detailing. Harsh soaps and shampoos, even the wrong type of towel or brush, can destroy a car's paint, strip it of its wax, or create unsightly swirls and chalky crime-scene outlines of dead bugs. Since 1978, Jim's Detail Shop has given customers peace of mind by using the safest wash products and accessories available during its detailing packages. And the team doesn't just hand wash, wax, and dress exteriors; they also sweep insides with vacuum cleaners and carpet shampooers, and thwart UV rays with window tinting, backed by a lifetime warranty.
Jet Chevrolet's team of ASE-certified mechanics keeps engines purring prettily with services including preventive oil changes, tire rotations, and diagnostic checks. Each oil-change appointment begins with an exacting 27-point inspection, which tests cars for mechanical troubles, latent problems, and the ability to count to 27. Technicians sift up to 6 quarts of fresh standard oil through a newly installed filter to lubricate delicate moving parts and keep contaminants at bay. A new pair of wiper blades and an Accuvision windshield treatment help fling water out of lines of sight on rainy days. Techs also check and set tire pressure, and rotate rubbers according to amount of wear, manufacturer's specifications, or callers' insistence upon a do-si-do.
Junk King's red trucks travel to houses around the country to clear homes of clutter while maintaining environmentally safe practices. Friendly haulers give customers a call when they're en route, then cart away anything except hazardous materials, including garden clippings, outmoded furnishings, and cursed Cadillac trunks. The refuse rangers sort through everything they take away, donating what they can to charity, recycling what they can't, and even sweeping up when the job is done. So far, Junk King has saved 908 tons from entering landfills by striving to recycle more than 60% of what they collect. All appointments are scheduled within two-hour time frames, often with same- or next-day service.
Whether repairing transmissions, clutches, or brakes, Auburn Transmissions & Auto Repairs' mechanics use their combined 20 years of experience to diagnose auto ailments. In addition to repairs, they also offer life-extending maintenance services, such as oil changes, tune-ups, and inspections.
The fully insured technicians at Roadside Rescue and Collision excel in helping cars stay clean and classy. During the detail, staffers shine wheels, then groom and polish the exterior by hand until the original paint glows as brightly as a light bulb at an Edison convention. A vacuum sucks debris from interior crevices and corners, prowling the floor mats in search of spilled food and dirt. After a thorough wipe-down unburdens windows, doors, and consoles from the weight of dust, detailers treat all vinyl with protectants, and enrich soiled carpets and upholstery with lathers of cleansing shampoo and a crash course in etiquette.


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A 31-year-old California man robbed a cab driver and leaped to his death Wednesday morning at the Port of Anchorage, according to the Anchorage Police Department.
Lt. Dave Parker, APD Public Information Officer, said the man arrived in Alaska within the last 24 hours at the airport. The man told police he wanted to be a fisherman after watching the reality show "The Deadliest Catch."
"He only had $70 in his pocket, apparently he was somewhat despondent," Lt. Parker said. "[Alaska] turned out, perhaps, to be something different than he had anticipated."
Police took the man to Providence Alaska Medical Center's psychiatric emergency room at about 3 a.m. Wednesday.
API released the man and gave him a taxi voucher, so he could be taken to Brother Francis.
Around 6:00 a.m., the man fought and robbed his taxi driver and stole his cab heading towards the shelter.
Police said he breached security at the Port of Anchorage, abandoned the car, and then climbed a 50-foot fuel tanker.
"He just got off the airplane from California so he didn't have any idea where he was going," Lt. Parker said. "Ultimately ended up down here at the port and crashed through the security gate."
Port security contacted police and police said the man jumped from the tanker around 6:30 a.m. and died as a result of the fall.
His identity was witheld pending next of kin.
Editor's note: The man was taken to Providence Alaska Medical Center's psychiatric emergency room, not the Alaska Psychiatric Institute as initially reported.
Email Todd Walker


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JoAnn Ducharme, M.Ed.
Assistant Professor
Department of Alaska Native Studies and Rural Development
College of Rural and Community Development
University of Alaska Fairbanks
2221 E. Northern Lights Blvd, #200
Anchorage, AK 99508
(907) 279-2704 or (800) 770-9531 (office)
(907) 279-2716 (fax)
Email: email@example.com
University of Alaska Fairbanks '82, MEd. Guidance and Counseling
Thesis with Video Project: Analyzing Cross-Cultural Communication in the Classroom
Type A Alaska Counseling Certificate
University of Alaska Fairbanks '77, B.Ed. Secondary Education
Cross-cultural education, Indigenous culture, community and organizational development, administration, Alaska Native education and post-secondary Native student success, Native American Literature.
2007- present Assistant Professor, Alaska Native Studies & Rural Development, CRCD, UAF
2008-09 Division Chair-Rural & Economic Development Division-Academic Council, University of Alaska Fairbanks
2003-2007 Associate Dean of Student Services, CRCD, UAF
1992-2006 Director, Rural Student Services, UAF
1995-present Adjunct Faculty, School of Education, UAF
1991-1992 Counselor, Title V Program (K-12), Spokane, WA School District
1988-1991 Academic Advisor/Title III Coordinator, Eastern Washington University
1986-1988 Student Services Coordinator, Johnson O'Malley Program, Fairbanks Native Assoc.
1985-1986 Tutorial Coordinator, Alaska Native Programs, UAF
1984-1985 Counselor, Alternative Jr. High School, Fairbanks North Star Borough School Dist.
1981-1982 Graduate Assistant, School of Education, UAF
1978-1980 Academic Advisor, Student Orientation Services, UAF
1977-1979 Counselor, Johnson O'Malley Program, Fairbanks Native Assoc.
1977 Counselor, Talent Search Program, Alaska Federation of Natives
1989-present, University of Alaska Fairbanks-semester based with an emphasis on distance education
- · Aesthetic Appreciation of Alaska Native Performance
- · Alaska Native Education
- · Alaska Native Social Change
- · Communication in Cross Cultural Classrooms
- · Community Healing & Wellness
- · Contemporary Native American Literature
- · Cross Cultural Communication-Alaskan Perspective
- · Human Resource Management for Indigenous Communities
- · Indigenous Knowledge & Community Based Research
- · Native American Religion & Philosophy
- · Native North American Women
- · Orientation to Alaska Native Education
- · Preparing for College & Student Success
- · Rural Development Internship
- · Skills for College & Career Success
- · Strategic Planning for Rural Communities
- · Women, Gender & Development
Alaska Advantage Early Awareness & Rural Outreach-Advisory Board Member
Alaska Commission on Post-Secondary Education-Advisory Board Member
American Civil Liberties Union-Advisory Board Member-Rural Outreach
American Indian Disability Technical Assistance Center-Advisory Board Member
Anti-Discrimination Advisor-University of Alaska Fairbanks
American Indian Education Foundation-National Scholarship Reader
Gates Millennium Scholarship-American Indian Graduate Center-National Scholarship Reader
Golden Key International Honor Society-Honorary Member
National Association of College Academic Advisors (NACADA)-Member
National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA)-Member
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges Commission-Accreditation Evaluator
U.S. Dept of Education-Special Programs (TRIO Programs)-Reader/Evaluator
PRESENTATIONS (Partial List):
Global Diversity in Higher Education
International Indigenous People's Conferences
National College Board Native American Higher Education Symposium
National Conferences for National Assoc. of College Academic Advisors (NACADA)
Race & Ethnic Relations in Higher Education
Regional Association of Academic Advisors-Washington State
Retention in Education for Today's American Indian Nations (RETAIN)
Study Skills Workshops-Eastern Washington University
University of Alaska Student Services Conferences
Native Cultures in the Community Program-Anchorage School District
Anti-Discrimination Advisory Committee
Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Native Education
Chancellor's Task Force on Safety
College of Rural & Community Development Director's Council
Enrollment Strategy Board/Working Group for Enrollment Management
Equity Action Committee
McLean House (Inupiat House) Planning & Management Committee
University of Alaska President's Committee on Accountability & Sustainability
Student Enrollment Services Director's Council
Student Services Program Assessment Committee
Strategic Plan 2010 Committee Member
UAF Northwest Accreditation Steering Committee (1995 & 2000)
Faculty "Book of the Year"-Difficult Dialogues-Ford Foundation Grant
Publication: UAA/APU Companion Reader 2009-"Do Alaska Native People Get Free Medical Care?"
Fairbanks School District Discipline Task Force
Fairbanks/State of Alaska Elections Committee
Women & Children's Resource Center-Advisory Board Member


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November 2006 Press Releases Secretary of State Announces Statewide Mock Election Results - November 9, 2006 Vermont students vote Sanders for Senate and Rainville for House Contact: Ginny Colbert For Immediate Release (802) 828-2148 November 9, 2006 _____________________________________________________________________ Vermont Students Vote Sanders for Senate and Rainville for House in Statewide Mock Election Senate candidates Bernie Sanders and House candidate Martha Rainville were the students' choices in this year�s Vermont Votes for Kids election. Independent Bernie Sanders was the favorite for Senate, receiving approximately 59% of the students� vote, to 29% for Republican Richard Tarrant. The other candidates for the U.S. Senate seat received 12% of the vote combined. In the House race, in contrast to the outcome in Tuesday�s adult election, Republican Martha Rainville was the winner with 47% of the vote. Peter Welch received 39%. The rest of the candidates combined received 15%. In the Governor�s race Douglas beat Parker with 59% of the vote with Parker receiving 30%. In the Lieutenant Governor�s race Dubie beat Dunne with 56% of the vote while Dunne received 32%. Markowitz said, �We have been holding student mock elections since 2000 and we were pleased that so many schools across the state participated this year.� Markowitz observed, �We have found in the past that the outcome of the mock election generally matches the outcome of the statewide race, and we were surprised this year to see that kids voted differently from their parents in the race for the House.� Jill Tarule is a developmental psychologist and a professor and Associate Provost for Academic and Faculty Affairs at the University of Vermont. She said, �The most likely hypothesis is that gender trumped all other issues. And we certainly know that young women are looking for role models � and that it is important that we provide role models for them.� This year over 300 Vermont schools participated in Vermont Votes for Kids activities with 15,000 students casting mock ballots. A centerpiece of this year�s Vermont Votes for Kids program was the new board game, �On the Road to Congress,� that teaches students what it takes to run for congressional office. In addition, in partnership with daily newspapers across the state, the Secretary of State�s Office again offered Democracy in Action, a six week Newspaper in Education Series on voting and democracy which was used in classrooms across Vermont. Through Vermont Votes for Kids, students participated in classroom lessons that included mock elections, monitoring election results, researching candidates and �registering� to vote for the election. Students then went to their local polling places to vote or cast a ballot in their classroom. Look for our sixth and final Democracy In Action page in daily newspapers across the state today and Friday. Detailed results from 30 of the participating schools, as well as voting percentages for the major races, will be included. Complete results by school will be available on www.VermontVotesForKids.com. For more information about Vermont Votes for Kids or with questions about this year�s mock election visit www.VermontVotesForKids.com or contact Janel Johnson at 802-828-1296. View the 2004 Mock Election results on www.VermontVotesForKids.com. ## | |
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In many cases, I suspect that the use of slow ballads, whether classical or New Age or muzaked versions of pop songs, is because the skaters find it easier to stay calm, skate smoothly, and execute their elements cleanly when skating to calm smooth music.
Also such music tends to be more forgiving in terms of interpretation and staying on time than anything that's rhythmically complex or unpredictable.
Even when vocal music is allowed, I expect a lot of ballads, even if they were written in this century and sung by the latest pop divas.
I would hope that skaters who use more complex music successfully would actually be rewarded for doing so, regardless of whether it's by Stravinsky or Led Zeppelin.


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Local cupcake company will travel to you
UPDATED 8:11 AM EST Feb 26, 2013Chocolate Moose plans to turn delivery truck into a food truck in Greenville.
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In an environment so bleak it would seem that good relations with the U.S. would be a priority, but Mr. Netanyahu responded to a UN vote related to Palestinian statehood by approving construction of 3,000 more homes in Jewish settlements.
Do you have an opinion to share with other readers? Then send us a letter.
© 2014 National Post, a division of Postmedia Network Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized distribution, transmission or republication strictly prohibited.


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SV pan, competitors loosening up for start of race. SV Gordon Pirie shaking hands with the Mayor whilst still limbering up. SV E. L. Hardy being massaged by Scotsman. SCU crowd. LV field lined up, they start. Pan into back view. SV towards, field racing past camera. SV crowd on...
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This Addonics PCIe controller is a simple and economical solution for adding the latest high speed USB 3.0 port to any Desktop computers or servers. Designed to install into any PCI-Express 1X slot, the USB 3.0 port on this controller can handle data rate up to 4.8 Gbps on the PCI Express 2.0 slot, 10 times the speed of USB 2.0. |
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Daniel Squadron wants more resources for Close to Home
State Sen. Daniel Squadron appears to be cutting his potential public advocate teeth with a letter to Police Commissioner Ray Kelly and Administration for Children's Services Commissioner Ronald E. Richter regarding the embattled Close to Home program.
Squadron is one of the leading candidates in this year's public advocate race.
The Close to Home program is intended to place nonviolent juvenile offenders in group homes near their families rather than in upstate prison facilities. The aim is to reduce recidivism, but several of the youths in the program have been able to run away from the home and gotten rearrested, adding further charges to their rap sheets and ending up with longer and more severe sentences.
In his letter, Squadron emphasizes the potential of the program, arguing that with better resources, the initiative could result in long-term positive change to the juvenile justice system in New York City.
A Queens family court judge recently noted the need for a more resources, as well as better communication between the agencies involved — the NYPD and ACS, which responsible for supervising the group homes.
"Common sense would seen to dictate that additional resources be allocated to locate and apprehend these youth," Judge John Hunt wrote.
Hunt lamented that since the program's start in September 2012, after the initiative was signed by Gov. Andrew Cuomo, "there appears to have been no additional law enforcement or social services resources committed to locating juvenile delinquents who go AWOL, nor any effective solution to stop the torrent of juvenile delinquents who escape from Close to Home initiative placements."
In September 2012, ACS started placing juvenile offenders in non-security facilities. Plans are reportedly in place for limited-secury facility placements this fall.
In his letter, Squadron notes that there are only five detectives in the entire city tasked with finding escaped juveniles. A single detective must look for 15 to 20 juveniles at any given time, Squadron said.
Squadron's letter is available in full below.
Note: The letter was sent from Squadron's state Senate office, not as part of his public advocate campaign.
Follow Danielle Tcholakian on Twitter @danielleiat


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I am thrilled
to present to you a brand new, FREE digital craft magazine in the craft world.
Bella Crafts Quarterly™ is your inspiration for a creative life.™
Bella Crafts Quarterly™ is a free downloadable, digital craft publication that you can view on all mobile devices such as cell phones tablets, laptops, computers and
e-readers. The digital
magazine is free and you can download it on our website. You can also read
it free online and a printed version of the magazine is available for a minimal
price through MagCloud.
Bella Crafts Quarterly™ is
like an e-book but in a magazine layout. It is downloadable, which means that
it is portable.
Visit the Bella Crafts
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The publishers of the Bella
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designers, Ann Butler, Carol Heppner, Lisa Rojas and Theresa Cifali. We have a lifetime of knowledge and expertise
in all things that are craft-industry related.
The Bella Crafts Quarterly™ Halloween issue contains:
- Socially Sensible™ column with Theresa Cifali covers how social media is important to your craft business
- Ann Butler's Artist-to-Artist interview is with Kathy Cano-Murillo, The Crafty Chica
- Carol Heppner's Trending Thoughts talks fall trends with craft professionals Laura Bray, Eileen Hull, Julie McGuffee, Debra Quartermain and Marisa Pawelko
- Ann Butler's Blog Star column features craft blogger Alexa Westerfield
- Lisa Rojas' column, Lessons with Lisa™, discusses Scrapbooking and Rubber Stamping's burning question.
- Photo Talk™ with Carol Heppner helps you take better Halloween photos of your little ghouls.
- This month's giveaway is by Duetica
- The Bella Crafts' Creative Team, Ann Butler, Carol Heppner, Lisa Rojas and Theresa Cifali share Spooktacular craft projects for this Halloween season
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When phones become an Obsession
It's not enough for U.K.-based Goldstriker to churn out custom wares in gold, platinum, and diamonds. The eponymous phone-customizing shop is now marketing products from Obsession, the English purveyor of ultra-high-end mobiles phones. (Not to be confused with Calvin Klein's much-parodied fragrances.)
First up is the "Aphrodite" model, which comes in either platinum or 24k gold and diamonds totaling 2.1 carats, according to Luxurylaunches. It looks similar to Nokia's luxury Vertu line, which makes sense given the market they're going after, and even uses leather as part of the phone's … Read more


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- Key Lime Cake (1 lb 8 oz)
- Net Weight: 1 lb
For additional Shipping and Processing details click here.
For additional Shipping and Processing details click here.
Displaying reviews 1-2
Comments about Honeybell Key Lime Cake:
POSITIVE points - cake was a delicious, moist, very nicely-textured, pound cake. NEGATIVE - did not look like the picture. Not Bundt but flat on top. No discernible lime flavor at all. Also I should have paid more attention to the dimensions but at 1 lb this is significantly smaller than expected. The cake pictured, next to cut lime slices, could not possibly be only 1 lb. Not worth $35 for a small and not-limey at all cake. Planned to try the honeybell cheesecake but probably won't now.
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Comments about Honeybell Key Lime Cake:
I had wanted to try this cake for some time so sent it to my daughter for delivery while I was on a visit. It shipped very well, had a firm and moist texture, was distincly lime flavored tho not overwhelmingly so. Being from FL and very familiar with all things citrus, I could not definitely tell if it was flavored specifically with Key Lime--but it was good in any case. My son-in-law especially liked it with a dab of whipped cream.
Displaying reviews 1-2
Do you have questions about this product?
get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
1 lb 8 oz, net 1 lb. All other cakes net is 1lb 8oz. Is the key lime actually 1/2 lb, 8 oz smaller or was there a typo?1 answer
Please accept our apologies for the error but our Key Lime Cake weighs 1 lbs 8 oz.Q:
Is this cake shipped inside its own tin?1 answer
Our Key Lime Cake is shipped in a cardboard shipping container to protect it during transport.


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Baytown, Texas was created for one reason, and one reason, only: the drilling and processing of oil. Before the discovery of this "cash crop" in Goose Creek field in 1916, this area, located 30 miles east of Houston, was isolated and relatively uninhabited. The small town of Goose Creek, which had been founded in the first decade of the 20th century, had only 300 people before wildcatters began to drill for oil in 1915. After the successful oil strike the following year, settlement in the area exploded. One of the companies that sought its fortune in the Oil Creek field was the Humble Oil and Refinery Company, which would later merge with Standard Oil of New Jersey to create Exxon. Humble built a refinery close to the oil field in 1919, calling the site "Baytown." At first, the town was just tents and shacks that sheltered the refinery construction workers, but the Humble Oil Company soon laid out streets and sold lots to its workers.
The population of Goose Creek, nearby Pelley, and the unincorporated Baytown skyrocketed as people flocked to the area to work in the booming oil industry. In their wake came a handful of recent Jewish immigrants who opened stores catering to the growing population. In 1917, the three towns, known informally as the "Tri-Cities" had 2,000 people and only two Jewish families. By 1920, twenty Jewish families called the Tri-Cities home. Among these early Jewish settlers were recent Russian immigrants Ira Guberman, who opened a dry goods store in Goose Creek by 1920, and Alexander Grenader, who owned a grocery store. Many of these early settlers had moved to the area from nearby Houston. In 1948, the Tri-Cities merged and were officially incorporated as "Baytown."
By the 1920s, Jews in the Tri-Cities had begun to worship together informally, even renting a space to hold Shabbat services on Friday nights and Saturday mornings. In 1928, the group was officially chartered as Congregation K'nesseth Israel (Assembly of Israel) with twenty founding members. Of the eighteen members who could be found in the 1930 census, sixteen, or 83%, were foreign born; all of these immigrants were from Russia or other parts of Eastern Europe. Most had been in the United States for several years; their average year of immigration was 1910. All of the founding members were business owners, with most owing dry goods or grocery stores. They were middle-aged and middle class. Their average age was 41, while over 75% of them owned their own home, with an average value of $2900. Most of the members, almost two-thirds, lived in Goose Creek, while a handful lived in Pelley and unincorporated Baytown.
K'nesseth Israel. Photo courtesy of Julian PreislerSince most members were successful business owners, it was not unreasonable for them to discuss constructing a synagogue for their new congregation. Some members were concerned that since the Tri-Cities had grown so quickly, that the prosperity of the area might not last. Others argued that the Humble refinery would ensure long-term growth in the congregation and the economic stability of their community into the future. The optimists carried the day as a majority supported the plan to build a synagogue. The building fund committee quickly raised $5000, and borrowed the rest. The congregation bought two lots from Humble Oil's founder, Ross Sterling, and began to build a house of worship. Completed in 1930, the modest yet beautiful brick synagogue was supplemented with a separate community hall on the same property. In 1992, the synagogue was named a Texas Historic Landmark for its unique architectural design.
K'nesseth Israel was a nominally Orthodox congregation, though traditional Jewish law was not strictly enforced. While generally men sat separate from the women, a few families sat together. Since most members owned retail businesses, they had to keep their stores open on Saturdays, the traditional day of rest. Thus the group worshipped together early Saturday morning, and then went to open their stores. According to one longtime member, services were held early on Friday nights so members could attend the local high school football game. Despite these compromises, members would close their stores for the high holidays, including the traditional two days for Rosh Hashanah.
K'nesseth Israel had a series of Orthodox rabbis in its early years, including Ronlee Gray and later Benjamin Wade, who led the congregation in the 1930s. They were followed by Benjamin Danziger and Samuel Schwartz in the 1940s. These rabbis also ran the weekday afternoon cheder for boys. The congregation also had a Sunday school that met in the community building, which had been enlarged in 1948. When Rabbi Schwartz left for Houston in 1950, K'nesseth Israel relied on lay leaders like Pincus Goldfield and Harry Rothkopf to lead Shabbat services. With no rabbi to teach the children Hebrew, most families took their children to Houston for Sunday school by the 1950s. Many K'nesseth Israel members also joined congregations in Houston, and would usually go there for the high holidays.
In addition to the congregation, Jews in the Tri-Cities established other Jewish organizations. Even before local Jews officially formed a congregation, a group of Jewish women established a chapter of Hadassah, which raised money to support the Jewish settlement in Palestine and sponsored Jewish educational programs. After the founding of K'nesseth Israel, the chapter also functioned as a congregation sisterhood. Most all of the Jewish women in the area belonged to the Tri-Cities chapter. In 1939, men established a B'nai B'rith Lodge. Though it never had more than thirty members, the lodge remained active for over forty years before disbanding in the 1980s. By 1937, 125 Jews lived in Goose Creek. Despite this small population, Tri-City Jews, led by Mose Sumner, established the United Jewish Charities in the 1940s to coordinate fundraising for regional and international Jewish causes.
Leon & Sam Paine during a St. Patrick's Day promotion. Photo courtesy of Lynn Paine Shapiro.Jews dominated the retail business in the Tri-Cities. The five Aron brothers all owned stores in the area by the 1920s. Esidor Aron started out as a tailor, making suits for oil field workers, before opening a men's clothing store in Goose Creek. Dave Aron also owned a clothing store, and was involved in local politics, serving a term as a city councilman. Sol Aron owned the Grand Leader Dry Goods Store in Goose Creek. Abe Rosenzweig opened the Economy Clothing Store in 1927, when he was only twenty years old, and remained in business for 42 years. Brothers Mose Sumner and Joe Susnitsky owned the Sumner Dry Goods Store; they sold the business in 1945 to another set of brothers, Leon, Henry and Sam Paine. The Paine Brothers men's and women's clothing store remained in operation until 1977.
Women often played an active role in these businesses. Morris Wilkenfeld opened his furniture store in 1926. Even after he and his family moved to Houston, Wilkenfeld continued to commute to Baytown to run the business. After he died in 1982, his wife Beatrice ran the business until her death in 1998. Their daughter Sharon continued to operate Wilkenfeld Furniture until it closed in 2006. When Isadore Wiener died in 1944, his wife Dora ran Wiener's Dry Goods for many years afterward. While he started selling only men's clothes, Max Altman soon opened a ladies department and bridal shop managed by his wife Natalie.
Not all Baytown Jews were involved in retail trade. A sizable minority worked in the local oil and petrochemical industry. Julius Fram, Max Mosesman, and Herschel Karchmer were all chemical engineers for the Humble Oil Company. Donald Teter worked for many years as an engineer at a synthetic rubber plant. Several others worked for oil companies, usually as scientists or engineers.
In the early years of the Tri-Cities, life could be rough and tumble. The Ku Klux Klan attracted a significant following amongst the oil field workers in the 1920s. One day a group of Klan members began to gather outside the home of Elias and Yetta Hochman, two Jewish immigrants from Galicia. As the family grew frightened, Yetta went outside carrying an American flag and a frying pan, and hit one of the Klan members over the head with the heavy skillet, threatening the rest with her shotgun if they did not leave her property. After the group dispersed, the man she hit filed charges against her. The judge ruled in Hochman's favor, arguing that she was only defending herself and her family.
Despite the brief prominence of the Klan in the 1920s, Jews were generally accepted into the civic life of Baytown. Jews were very active in the local community. Mose Sumner served as vice-president of Citizens National Bank, and was a major booster of Robert E. Lee High School's football team. He helped many local kids go to college, and was named "Baytown's Most Beloved Citizen" in 1950. In recent decades, Mervin Rosenbaum served as chairman of the Goose Creek Stream Development Committee and a local beautification association, while his wife Jean has been chairman of the board for the Sterling Public Library. Don Teter has helped to found local centers to help the mentally ill and those with developmental disabilities. His wife Gertrude spent many years working in the Counseling Center at Lee College; after she retired the center was renamed in her honor.
K'nesseth Israel remained vibrant into the 1950s and 60s. Its Orthodox services were still in Hebrew. In 1978, the congregation celebrated its 50th anniversary, with services led by Rabbi Jimmy Kessler of Galveston, whose grandparents had been among the founders of K'nesseth Israel. The congregation eventually adopted the Conservative prayer book, though K'nesseth Israel has never belonged to any national Jewish movement.
In recent decades, K'nesseth Israel and the Baytown Jewish community have begun to shrink. With the booming metropolis of Houston just thirty miles away, several Jews with businesses in Baytown moved to the big city and commuted. Most of the Jewish children raised in Baytown during the "baby boom" generation moved away to larger cities. When many of Baytown's Jewish merchants retired, they moved to Houston to be closer to their children or a larger Jewish community. Baytown has endured a high degree of turnover in its Jewish population. According to Don Teter, 153 different Jewish families lived in Baytown at some point between 1928 and 2008, though never much more than 50 at any one time.
Interior of K'nesseth Israel. Photo courtesy of Julian Preisler.By the 1980s, the attendance at regular services was very low at K'nesseth Israel. While a new group of young members revitalized the congregation for a while, the decline has continued in recent decades. The congregation benefitted financially by leasing part of their vacant property to a local cable company, which helped them meet their expenses for fifteen years. As of 2008, K'nesseth Israel still met once a month for Shabbat services. Congregation member Karen Aarons usually leads the service, which is now drawn from the Reform prayer book. K'nesseth Israel had only eighteen members and fewer than fifty Jews still lived in Baytown by 2008. That same year, the local United Jewish Charities organization disbanded and donated its remaining funds to the national United Jewish Communities.
Despite this decline, the members of K'nesseth Israel are still hopeful for the future. The drop in Baytown's Jewish population has occurred while the city itself has grown from 21,000 people in 1948 to an estimated 78,000 in 2006. While the days of Jewish owned stores lining Baytown's downtown streets are long gone, there is still opportunity for Jewish professionals like doctors, lawyers, and engineers. In the end, Baytown's proximity to Houston and its 45,000 Jews and 24 congregations will prove to be the biggest challenge to its future survival as a distinct Jewish community.
Essential Source: Donald L. Teter, "Oil Gevalt: The History of the Baytown, Texas, Jewish Community, 1928-2008."


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Home › News › Weekend Open Forum
Weekend Open Forum: How frequently do you upgrade your PC?
Analysts love to point at Windows 8 as well as the rising popularity of tablets and smartphones to explain the industry's accelerated sales slump. While they've certainly played their part, we can't ignore the fact that nowadays you just don't need to upgrade as often, as hardware has gotten to a point that any decently spec'd computer you bought or built three years ago is probably still good enough for most tasks today.
Even more so if you bought a high end system. Any "Westmere" Core i7 system paired with a first generation SSD and Radeon 5870 / GTX 480 graphics will still fly next to a decent mid-range machine today and run most games reasonably well -- though PC enthusiasts often have other reasons altogether for upgrading.
Today we want to hear about your upgrade cycle. How often do you phase out old hardware to make way for the latest and greatest? What's the last thing you replaced and what parts do you plan to buy in the near future?
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I start considering upgrades whenever similarly classed hardware gets to be 25% or more faster than what I'm currently running at stock clocks. (I.e. GTX 480/GTX 580/GTX 680 different generations same class of hardware)
My last replacement was a GTX 480 with a GTX 680 and recently added a second 680 for SLI.
I'm anxious to see what happens with Haswell hopefully it will be enough of a jump to consider replacing my Sandy Bridge 2600K.
3-4 years for a major rebuild. Though I may buy some additional hardware in between there. Though since I have both a desktop and a laptop, I probably end up buying a new comp of some sort every 1.5-2 years.
Up until recently, I was an upgrade junkie. But I upgrade to get the most out of games and for now and foreseeable future, there aren't going to be any games coming out that can even remotely tax my current system. We can thank developers stuck developing at XBox and PlayStation levels for that. Everything I play is at max settings and I get crazy frame rates.
My last upgrade was adding a second GeForce GTX660ti video card in SLI. I don't see any upgrades in the near future until games are to the point where they can tax the system I currently have.
When it breaks, I'll replace it. Until then, I just don't see the point. There's nothing out there that really challenges my rig. The only thing I don't get out of it is DX11 which I can easily live without.
Whenever a form of media or certain tasks cannot be performed on my current hardware, then I'll usually go for whatever upgrade I need. I'm not an "upgrade just for the sake of it" kind of guy.
Just recently I decided to go all out on a full new build with a Core i7 and GTX660ti, leaving behind my old socket 775, DDR2 system. My next upgrade will probably be an extra 660ti to go in SLI for some of the gaming titles coming this year.
3-4 years.
I think the ONE of the many reasons why you don't see people upgrade as often as they used to, aside from what the articles mentioned, is that ever since AMD and Intel (parcitularyl intel) started rolling out new sockets every iteration, I lost interest to upgrade every 6 months. it's not only expensive, but a hassle to change out sockets everytime you want a new CPU upgrade. I remember back in the college days, I was upgrading CPU and memory like every few months, went from a Palomino 2000, to a thoroughbred 2100 to a thoroughbred 2400 all within a period of 8 months. it was a fun time all without the need to change out sockets or re-install. now I just DON"T want to go through the hassle anymore. unless I have all the time in the world, with the job, kid, family, a socket change will likely wipe out my entire weekend. if they want customers to grade again, they must reverse the trend and make it easy for the users to upgrade again.
I currently have two main desktops at home for myself. one in the study for gaming, and one as an HTPC in the living room. my study room gaming rig's last major overhaul was 5 years ago. it's still rocking a Q6600 overclocked and water cooled at 3.7ghz (default 2.4ghz). I've only recently swapped out the GPU for a HD7950. I am holding out for as long as I can mostly because not wanting to go through the hassle of swapping socket again.
Used to be every 2-3 years, now I think I've hit the end of it. My PC has mid range specs from 2010 and it still runs everything I need it to perfectly fine. I put some more RAM in a year ago, but that's been it.
I was looking forward to buying Win 8 until it I read reviews of it.
Usually about every 18 months which Im due for now. Waiting to see also what haswell brings to the table to upgrade my 2600k. My 3Gb 580 is in need of an update also but didnt see the 680 as being worth it. Waiting for the 780 series. I game at 2560 x 1600. Already have enough ram - 16gb ddr3. I'm good on hard drives - 256gb ssd/4tb backup/3tb backup/300gb velociraptor. XFI sound is good.
I do a minor upgrade once a year, ram, hdd, ect... I upgrade CPU, mobo, and video card once every 3-4 years.
I usually don't upgrade computers unless a component fails and needs to be replaced. Instead, I build an all new one about once a year or two. All my old PCs still work but only two are usually actively hooked up at a time.
That said, while I built an Intel based gaming PC this past March 2013, I'm going to be building an AMD based gaming oriented PC shortly. I still have to buy a case and graphics card. I don't need it, I just want one to play around with.
What do you guys do with your old hardware?
1 person liked this |What do you guys do with your old hardware?
build a streaming box and use it for network storage. That or give it to a relative who needs a new computer. I still have every video card I've ever owned. Don't have the heart to throw them out or give it away :/
I'm really getting an itch to upgrade but I can't bring myself to do so. My build is a first gen I7. Its not slow. I really just play it all by ear. I did decide it was time to upgrade my smaller slower SSD. I think it was worth it.
Change in sockets means the upgrade coming up is a major build, so I have been holding off on any upgrades for more than a year. The disappointing news about Win 8, especially lack of START menu, has just added to the barrier. I budget (as appropriate to my income) so I will be hunting the bargains pages for several months before I find a good fit. My typical build is what an enthusiast is likely to be putting aside. My hope is 4 cores, 8 GB DDR3, 6Gb/s SATA. I'll build it with an old drive and then look for a good price on a 500GB HD. I will definitely wait on the video card, but an nVidia 560 series (256bit, GDDR5) on sale would make me jump. SSD still feels beyond my budget, but I might get lucky.
Usually every 2-3 years but it has been almost 5 years since my last upgrade.
It used to be every 6-9 months for small upgrade.
But I kinda broke so I stuck with my Athlon X3 system that already served me well in this 3 years.
Guess I have to do some major upgrade next time.
This all depends - is it a 'gaming' PC or used for other things? My 'desktop' system is 2001 vintage XP box that does everything I need it to - except play games - the gaming rig gets upgraded when new hardware is +50% faster than what I currently have.
I usually build a new computer every two years. I went all out May of last year: i7 3770k / gtx 690 / 16gb ram / 240gb ssd / 1tb hdd / 27" 2560x1440 120hz oc. I was doing some serious gaming then and I continued to do so for almost six months after building this computer. Lots of life changes and I have done little to no gaming since. Without gaming I could see myself maybe upgrading my screen if something much better comes out, otherwise... meh.
ps. those new captchas are pretty obnoxious. Also they don't work with flashblock in Firefox (the addon which prevents autoplaying flash). If you click to enable flash for the captcha it forwards you to the forum. I had to open up Chrome (woah didn't know techspot had so many ads), thankfully Windows 7 allows muting per application.
I just "upgraded" ATI HD 5870 to HD 6670, just because my new monitor (DELL U3014) works best with DisplayPort 1.2, which was not supported by HD 5870.
I haven't played games much lately, too old for this now. But after playing SC2 Demo on my new 2560x1600 monitor - it's a thing of beauty, I bought the game.
I don't usually upgrade. When I buy a new computer, I get one that will let me play or do anything for at least then next 5-7 years. I got my current computer about three years ago and though it might not be state of the art, there has been no software or game that has bogged it down.
I upgrade every 3 years and give my older custom builds to my kids.
My pattern has been to build a system, then after a few years upgrade the graphics, then a couple of years after that build a new system.
My current rig was built in 2008 - Core 2 Duo, 4 GB DDR2 RAM, GTX260, with the case and 74GB Raptor hard drive from my first 2004 build. The only major upgrades have been to replace the GPU with a GTX480 early in 2012, and I added a 120GB Agility 4 SSD as a boot drive about 6 months ago. This system still plays everything out there that I want to play, so barring a component failure (I did just order a new DVD burner a couple of hours ago) it will probably be a while before a major overhaul.
I have the itch to build a new system and have looked into new CPU/mobo/RAM, but just can't justify the cost right now since this does what I want it to do.
I upgrade much less now than I had 4 years ago, when I started working at 17. I bought as many parts as I could afford with my first few paychecks. I enjoyed building it very much and loved reading reviews on high end components on sites like techspot. I longed for the day when I would be able to afford them.
...And now that I can afford those parts and have built myself such a computer my cravings and interests in parts has substantially subsided. I've gained more interest in other media and don't really play games anymore.
The only upgrades I can see myself doing in the next year would be picking up some more hard drive space.
Desktop 4 yr old E8400 - getting dusty
Notebook 3 months old AMD A6 - cheap cos it's not the latest OS - it's Win7 ! V happy with that...
Netbook 2 years old - used to play music at home and for travel.
No tablet
Dumb-smart-phone - Nokia N8.
This is more than I need and I'll wait until Win9 before I consider a replacement for the netbook. I doubt I'll ever buy a desktop again and I don't like carrying a tablet w/o a keyboard so I won't get one of them either.
Processor wise, I'm still running on two main systems with over clocked Core 2 Duo / Quads that are now about 5 years old. As for video cards, those get upgraded almost every year. Currently running GTX 670s in SLI on these unsupported motherboards thanks to the magic of HyperSLI. Getting 60 fps in Heaven 4.0, which is the same as some Core i7 systems I have had the privilege of playing with.
I have 3 gaming rigs. Every 7 years I rebuild all new ones... but will upgrade video cards often.
I have a bad habit of fidgeting with my computer, doing little things here and there, but at least I do eventually get to a terminal point. My home server box went through... 4 maybe 5 revisions since mid 2010, and my lanbox has gone through 3 revisions since early 2011. It will go through one more revision, but it will purely be cosmetic and not upgrading hardware; after what I've done, I can't upgrade any further without sinking far greater money than it is worth to me.
Possibly sometime next year I'll do a complete new build since I've been using the lan box as my main computer since I built it and that travels more than I'm comfortable with considering the amount of data on it.
Heck, just about any new version of Photoshop, requires me to update.
Finally stopped after I got my 4.6ghz 2600k and gtx680. Honestly if I can do it all over again I'd just get an I5 and 660ti. But since I have it any way, might as well just keep it for as long as possible until software starts to bog it down which will probably be a long time.
My budget is a little low at the moment so...
I think you'll all notice the trend here.... that is hardware has left software for dead and todays rigs will last along time without the need to upgrade. Perhaps that's why PC sales are taking a dive at the moment.
I have a 4 year old rig still doing well, a HTPC just as strong and a 6 year old laptop running LinuxMint for portable media etc.
Of course a new rig would be nice... :)
It use to be every 2-3 years like a lot of folks. The only thing I'm still upgrading would be my HDD's. Installed a SSD for the OS and been replacing the 500gb and 1tb drives with 3tb drives when the extra cash is available. I'm also looking at a USB 3.0 controller card.
Other then that I think the next build will be when something dies.
Used to upgrade every year and a half. Now? Probably every 3 years. Just not enough change and no real killer apps for the new tech.
Upgraded to top of the line 3 years ago and haven't had to do much beyond expand HD space. Moores law seems to be in full effect of late.. used to be you could get 200-300 gig jumps and 40% more CPu power every 6-7 months. Now my 1080T /16gigRAM/8Tb hd space and 6970 2gig. are not having an issue with gaming or whatever else I toss at it. only upgrades I've made is to my internet speeds, from 6 to 15 Mbps.. and my cost went down when I did it, I like that kind of upgrade. Only upgrades I;ll be making in the next 6 months are for a larger USP and larger HD's to consolidate the number of HD's. I use atm.
I bought a mac pro g5 and mac pro intel bases on craigs list. No upgrade need in sight. Both machines screem. One was $100 the other $400 and they each have quad cores and 4 gigs of ram. Slapped in 2 3 tera hds and they will just last forever. The temps are at 30 not like the new ones that fry if you over clock. And I don't need to over clock. Running at 2.6 and 2.7 at quad cores I run on one 4 virtual machines at the same time. Got xp 7 vista and ubuntu at the same time while running os x in the foreground. Oh haven't even mention the dual 30 inch monitors that these run. I upgrade when the retna screens come out that will need a video card with 8000x2000 resolution or 8000x4000.
I add or replace something at least once every month or two (more ram, hdd, ssd, monitor, camera, etc...), with a cpu-mem-mobo upgrade every 1.5 - 2 years.
I upgraded my case today. My previous case was not a known brand, although it was a step up from generic cases in that it was largely tool-less. Unfortunately it was also too cramped. So I bought a Carbide 200R yesterday and moved my PC to it today. It's not perfect but it's another step up, and my graphics card temperature dropped from 70c to 65c.
I tend to upgrade something every year. This year so far it's the case, last year I bought an SSD, before that I upgraded the Phenom II X3 710 to a Phenom II X6 1090T. Had this PC for almost 4 years and it will not be long before there's little left of its original hardware.
Heck, just about any new version of Photoshop, requires me to update.Oddly, I find that later versions of Photoshop Elements, particularly the "Organizer" section is a resource hog. The issue is the speed it will, (or won't), generate tags and thumbnails. I'm using PSE-7, and have finally gotten hardware that doesn't require you to go watch a TV episode while a 100 image import registers.
Earlier versions will put up thumbs (5.0 and prior), almost as fast as you can push, "enter".
Core i3-3225, 1600Mhz RAM, C:/ = 600GB WD Velociraptor
Keep in mind that's a 32bit app, While the Photoshop CS and Lightroom are both 64 bit.
I think the drive is the trick, more than CPU and RAM.
I expect an SSD would net a further improvement.
And BTW, this just in: Adobe doesn't give a s*** how much you have to spend on hardware, or how bloated and inefficiently written their software may be.....
My computer is over 4 years old and I still haven't upgraded it yet. I was one of the first ones to jump into Intel's new i7 proccessors when it first came out. So I'm still using an i7 920 @4GHz, everything I throw at it runs fine for me. I have no need to upgrade for another few more years that's for sure. I haven't been much of a gamer in recent days, so I'm also still using my ATi Radeon HD 4870s. The only upgrades I made are more HDDs, more RAM and a SSD.
I upgrade my graphics whenever a new generation is released. As for other components, I upgrade those when something dies or I want more performance. I'm thinking of making the jump from SB to Haswell but, not so sure yet.
...[ ]...The only upgrades I made are more HDDs,...[ ].....Now that porn is 1080p, you simply can't have too much storage....(said cranky somewhat sheepishly).
I upgrade until the game I really want to play is playing at the smooth settings that I want. So it varies from time to time. I have a 3770k with 2 GTX 670's in SLI. I think that will last me at the least 2015. Then I might consider upgrading when Intel's Skylake and whatever NVIDIA series of graphics cards are out.
I use to buy last gen hardware and not upgrade until at least 3 generations after that--money was tight. My last system, I purchased all top-o-the-line parts (2 years ago) and I don't plan on an upgrade until 2 or 3 more hardware generations. Even then, I will evaluate heavily what needs to be upgraded. There will have to be a pretty big jump in performance or features to upgrade it, not just a few percent increase.
On average I upgrade at least once component every 2 yrs until maxed out or technology no longer can extend b/c of compatibilities... thus 5-6 yrs a total refresh. Rarely at the 4 yr mark some new tech might force a total refresh for example to use the latest GPU or virtualization tech.
I go out of my way to upgrade.
Every month or two I can't help but buy something. In the last couple months I went on a spree and bought an H100i, BitFenix Spectre Pro 200mm, CM Sickleflow 120mm, Corsair Graphite 600TM (mesh), and a wireless XBOX 360 controller for Windows.
On deck are a couple 5.25" to 3.5" hdd adapters, and an acrylic side panel for my 600TM. After that, most likely a 4770K and motherboard.
What do you guys do with your old hardware?
build a streaming box and use it for network storage. That or give it to a relative who needs a new computer. I still have every video card I've ever owned. Don't have the heart to throw them out or give it away :/
Sell it on kijiji.
Build all new about every 5/6 years .graphics every 2/3..current rig is Qx9770 onEvga 790i ultra,16 gig Dominator GT,dual GTx 480 With a GTx 280 doing PhysX,I'd say next year all new build.. and this rig will move overto backup rig..
2 years ago I went from an AMD 4850 to an AMD 6850 then six months later I went form a Phenom 9550 to a phenom II 955 1.5 years ago. I have 6gb of high performance ddrII 800MHZ. I still can play all games at 1680x1050 and I am very happy with it. I a few month maybe I change my case and my psu but just maybe... A solid state drive wouldn't look bad either, but they are still too expensive in my country.
Long life to PCs! Long life to AMD!
I dont!!! I just build a new one
Desktop 4 yr old E8400 - getting dusty
Notebook 3 months old AMD A6 - cheap cos it's not the latest OS - it's Win7 ! V happy with that...
Netbook 2 years old - used to play music at home and for travel.
No tablet
Dumb-smart-phone - Nokia N8.
This is more than I need and I'll wait until Win9 before I consider a replacement for the netbook. I doubt I'll ever buy a desktop again and I don't like carrying a tablet w/o a keyboard so I won't get one of them either.
and how is that A6 notebook going on? AMD mobile chips are starting to look nice for me, maybe I will aquire an AMD based notebook by EOY.
Yeah we need AMD to stay in thegame or else intel will charge 10000 dollars for a next gen cpu.lol.
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