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- Feature #1 - NTSIP Webinars
- Feature #2 - Response Teams
- Feature #3 - National Database
The National Toxic Substance Incidents Program (NTSIP) collects and combines information from many resources to protect people from harm caused by spills and leaks of toxic substances. NTSIP gathers information about harmful spills into a central place. People can use NTSIP information to help prevent or reduce the harm caused by toxic substance incidents. NTSIP can also help experts when a release does occur. NTSIP is modeled partially after the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) Program (1990-2009), with additions suggested by stakeholders to have a more complete program. NTSIP has three components (National Database, State Partners, Response Team).
2010 NTSIP Reports
Additional Resources
- Chemical Suicides in Automobiles --- Six States, 2006--2010
- Using Chemical Release Surveillance Data to Evaluate the Public Health Impacts of Chlorine and Its Alternatives
- Chlorine Gas Exposure at a Metal Recycling Facility --- California, 2010
- Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks and Other Health Events Associated with Recreational Water --- United States, 2007--2008
- 2010 NTSIP Final Report
- Considerable Increase in Methamphetamine Events Louisiana, 2011, Louisiana Morbidity Report 23.2 (2012): 2-6
- Homemade Chemical Bomb Incidents — 15 States, 2003–2011
Contact Us:
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
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Atlanta, GA 30341 - 800-CDC-INFO
TTY: (888) 232-6348 - New Hours of Operation
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KHC-backed firm plans big IPO in USJingdong, in which Kingdom Holding Company (KHC), the investment firm chaired by Saudi Prince Alwaleed, has a key stake, is planning the largest US initial offering by a Chinese company in more than a decade. JD is the largest onl More… |
Alwaleed tops 'Arab Businessman 2013' listSaudi billionaire Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud, the chairman of Kingdom Holding Company (KHC), has been ranked first in Amwal Magazine's '2013 Most Powerful Arab Businessmen' List in recognition of his achievements More… |
Kingdom Holding wins top brand awardKingdom Holding Company (KHC), chaired by Prince Alwaleed, was awarded among the "Top 100 Saudi Brands" for the year 2013 by Alwatan Newspaper recently at a ceremony in Riyadh. The "Top 100 Saudi Brands" aw More… |
Kingdom Holding finance chief to quitThe chief financial officer of Prince Alwaleed bin Talal's investment vehicle, Kingdom Holding , is to leave the firm, two banking sources aware of the matter said. Shadi Sadeek Sanbar, who has worked with the firm for more th More… |
KHC posts slight Q3 profit riseSaudi Arabia's Kingdom Holding, the investment firm of billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, posted a one per cent rise in third-quarter net profit on Tuesday. The firm made a net profit of SR219.9 million ($58.6 million) dur More… |
Four Seasons names president & CEOFour Seasons Hotels and Resorts today announced that Allen Smith, currently CEO of Prudential Real Estate Investors, will become president and CEO of the luxury hotel company. The announcement follows an extensive global search ov More… |
Kingdom Holding Q2 net profit edges upSaudi Arabia's Kingdom Holding, the investment firm of billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, posted a 1.3 percent rise in second-quarter net profit on Sunday, on the back of higher dividend and associates income. The firm mad More… |
Kingdom Holding sells $40m Mauritius hotel stakeSaudi Arabia's Kingdom Holding Company has sold its interest in the Movenpick Resort and Spa Mauritius hotel for SR150 million ($40 million), it said in a bourse statement on Saturday. Its stake was bought by Hawaii-based Outr More… |
Alwaleed's KHC on the prowl for global buysSaudi billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal will hold onto his most high-profile investments, which range from stakes in Citigroup and News Corp to microblogging site Twitter, while seeking out new targets to diversify his global portfolio. More… |
KHC signs $311m refinancing deal for SavoyA subsidiary of Saudi Arabia's Kingdom Holding Company last week agreed to refinance the debt it used to buy London's Savoy Hotel with a new 200 million-pound ($311 million) loan, it said on Saturday. Breezeroad is 50 per cent More… |

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What to Eat at the Birdbath Pop-up at Books of Wonder
For the next three months, Maury Rubin will operate the takeout counter as a "green burger joint."
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Skip to content, or skip to search.
He plans to cold-press, pulverize, and blend ingredients seldom seen together, many of them from the nearby Greenmarket
Watch the vegan bakery's owner go nuts in a new promo. (Oh, wait, nuts aren't really allowed at Babycakes ... )
The union organization has gone back to protesting "sweatshop seafood."


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Curious about the mystery of the greek gods and goddesses? Learn their secret to long life at Café Greek.
At Café Greek all food made fresh, natural ingredients using no preservatives and no trans fats oils. Pitas are made fresh from scratch and baked on site throughout the day.
Daily lunch buffet has more 20 items ( hummus, Falafel, Dolmas, Moussak, Pastisio, Gyro, Souvlakis, Tzatzikie and more vegetarian items).
Since we formed Café Greek in 1991, our goal is to provide fresh, healthy food at a reasonable price.
Café Greek is proud of the quality of our products, and thrilled to see customers becoming regular guests because of the commitment to quality, fresh food and excellent and friendly services.
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ServicesWe are committed to supporting our alumni and campus community in their professional success and offer a variety of services. FAQs | Spartan Staffing | Community Resources |
Membership for AlumniCareer Center membership includes access to: SpartaJobs, career fairs, live workshops, employer events and a variety of on-line resources. |
ResourcesSpartaJobs | Event Calendar | Alumni Association |


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Back to where it all began
Greetings once again, San Marcos.
This is Joseph Garcia, signing on as the newest member of the San Marcos Daily Record staff as a sports writer.
A native Texan from Austin, by way of Corpus Christi, I am a 2009 graduate of Texas State's School of Journalism and bring more than five years of journalism experience to the Daily Record.
I began my career as a sports reporter and columnist for Texas State's University Star. Soon after Randy Stevens, now the Managing Editor here, gave me a shot to freelance covering high school sports for the Record, while still enrolled in college.
Upon graduation, I worked for the Dallas Cowboys as a writing intern for dallascowboys.com where I cut my teeth as a professional journalist and rubbed elbows with the likes of Jerry Jones, Tony Romo and DeMarcus Ware.
Following a full season with the 'Boys, I headed west where I covered every beat from crime to school board for The Highlander in Marble Falls as a news reporter.
Most recently I completed a copy editing internship with Bleacher Report, and worked as Sports Editor for the Liberty Hill Independent.
Married for a year and a half, I currently reside in Austin with my wife, Miriam, who also graduated from Texas State.
Now, I return to the city dear to me and where my life changed forever: San Marcos.
Joseph Garcia is a sports writer with the San Marcos Daily Record. You can reach Joseph at email@example.com.
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Just Cavalli Reptile Leather Wedge Sandal
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Call For More Information
For questions regarding Undergraduate Programs call 215-437-2219.
For questions regarding Graduate Programs call 267-341-3327.
Holy Family University Graduate Studies 2012-2013 > Masters' Degree Programs > Education Course Descriptions > EDUC 573 Inclusion in Early Childhood Education (3 credits)
EDUC 573 Inclusion in Early Childhood Education (3 credits)
Provides early childhood teachers with the information they need about children with diverse educational needs. Recognizing the need to serve diverse populations of young children in typical settings, course focuses on assisting teachers to modify their classrooms and educational practices to better meet the needs of children. Students examine the rationale for inclusive early childhood settings as well as characteristics of children with disabilities, children who are at-risk, and children who are gifted. Identifying and evaluating children, planning and modifying the learning environment, creating a positive social environment, and working with parents are discussed. Field experiences are designed to facilitate the application of course content.
Catalog Links


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ActiveWake.com carries a wide selection of Stand Up Paddle Boards from Slingshot, C4 Waterman and Boardworks. Give us a toll free call at (800) 832-7547 to hear about our current inventory in stock.
Aquaglide Focus Aluminum Adjustable Paddle (70"-85")
Focus paddles offer durability, performance and outstanding value. With a high quality 6061 T6 aluminum shaft and injection-molded Powerstroke blade these paddles provide the well-balanced performance and durability required for evolving paddlers. Learn More


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Aloha Bay Chakra Candle Jar Happiness -- 11 oz
Long Lasting, Smells Great
Burning this series of candles is a nice way to remind yourself and others what is important.
April 2, 2013
not highly scented but nice candle
nice looking candle and burns down well. but i prefer a more scented candle than this. if you like a subtle scent you would like this candle.
September 25, 2012
Excellent quality candle! Very rich aroma. Quality packaging and sentiment!! Will buy one for me next time as this was a gift for a friend!
January 23, 2012
very fragrant and rich. if you like deep musk tinging on a lil sweet combined with earthy scents then this one is for you. burns nice because of pure ECO friendly palm wax. good value!
May 19, 2011
Overpowering fragrance
This candle has a very strong, sweet smell. The color is pretty, but I had to put it in a remote room in my house to not be overwhelmed by it. I'm hoping that in time the fragrance will fade some, and then I'll be able to light it.
January 22, 2011


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Taylor Swift has star power -- a lot of star power, judging by Forbes ' 14th annual "Celebrity 100" list.
The list ranks the world's most powerful celebrities based on several factors, including estimated earnings, marketability, and media presence.
Taylor is sixth on the list; she earned an estimated 55 million dollars over the past 12 months. She ranked 11th on last year's edition of the list.
Lower down in the rankings are Toby Keith , Carrie Underwood and Kenny Chesney .
Oprah Winfrey holds the top spot.
Check out the entire "Celebrity 100" at Forbes.com/Celebs .
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio


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Customer Reviews for Ocean Technology Mk7 Hardwire Surface Station: See the top 20 most helpful scuba gear reviews
MK7 Buddy-Line® - Portable two diver air intercom (4 wire only)
The MK-7 BuddyLine is a compact, self-contained one or two-diver air intercom. It will allow clear communications in the 4-wire mode (round robin) and includes the THB-7A Deluxe Headset (with boom mic).
The MK-7 BuddyLine was specifically designed for Search & Rescue Teams to have an underwater communication device that needs little set-up time.
The 2 watts of power is managed by state-of-the-art circuitry allowing relatively long life and great intelligibility. MK-7 BuddyLine operates on 8 AA alkaline batteries. The MK-7 BuddyLine and our ComRope is a great package that ensures a dive operation runs smoothly.
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Battery Life 12 hours continuous use
Frequency Reponse 600 to 10,000 Hz
Output Power (watts) 2
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Controls Volume: Tender, Diver 1, Diver 2
Speakers Headset with boom microphone
Low Battery Indicator Audio Tone
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(8) AA alkaline batteries or optional RB-11 NiMH battery pack
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Corporate Office: Scuba.com, 1752 Langley Avenue, Irvine CA 92614 Privacy Policy Scuba diving portal for snorkeling equipment Scuba requires professional scuba diving training and certification Prices subject to change. Copyright © 2000-2014


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Overview |
This is a small dark A-frame cabin, within Native selected lands, with sleeping space for 4 to 5 people. The cabin sits on level ground 200' (61 m) from the beach within a small parcel of timber. ...[more] Lake Kathleen Cabin Lookout/cabinAdditional InformationAlaska State Tourism>Alaska State Road Conditions>Weather InformationNational Weather Service (NOAA)> |


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TCU Horned Frogs
- Year: Sophomore
As a Recruit: Morris was recruited from Guyer (Denton, TX) class of 2013. He committed to TCU on 4/3/2012.
Jul 31
Feb 6
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- Follow Dave Campbell's TF @dctf
TCU just did an announcement: DB George Baltimore (Mansfield), who's been an impact guy for years, has signed. Guyer OL Patrick Morris, too.
- Follow Terry Hoover @footballcoachUS
Check out State Gallery: Patrick Morris: Take a look at some images of Denton (Texas) Guyer OL Patrick Morris fr... http://t.co/dCniEcWY
- Follow IndoorFootballScouts @IFSBFreeAgents
Video: Morris Gets It Done: TCU commit Patrick Morris helped Denton Guyer get by Birdville 52-42 last weekend. http://t.co/oMRVycaa
- Follow Ken Robinson @superscoutken
Video: Morris Gets It Done: TCU commit Patrick Morris helped Denton Guyer get by Birdville 52-42 last weekend. http://t.co/Of9TFKzd
- Follow IndoorFootballScouts @IFSBFreeAgents
Game Gallery: Patrick Morris: http://t.co/nURZumT2 has a look at some images of the TCU offensive line commitment... http://t.co/Wtu3Fzrp
- Follow Greg Powers @GPowers79
#TCU commit Patrick Morris is playing left tackle this year. He leads a very steady OL unit for the Wildcats
- Edit
Heard talks Army Bowl honor
4 months agoTop247 dual-threat quarterback and Texas Longhorn commitment Jerrod Heard was honored as a 2014 U.S. Army All-American on Monday afternoon at Denton Guyer High School. More
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Lone Star State Breakdown
14 months agoWho are the biggest threats to Texas on the Lone Star State recruiting trail? A&M is obvious, but the Aggies only scratch the surface of the competing programs. More
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Who to watch in Cowboys Stadium
15 months agoNine games will be televised live over the course of three days from Cowboys Stadium. 247Sports breaks down the prospects to keep an eye on. More
- Edit
2013 Recruiting Board
19 months agoTexas has 13 pledges already in the books for the 2013 class, but there are a number of spots left the coaches are trying to fill. Go inside to see who Mack and Co. are after. More
Recruits Predict Patrick Morris
This profile currently has no predictions.
Patrick Morris is a 6-2, 287-pound Offensive Guard from Denton, TX. He is ranked No. 454 in the country by 247Sports.
Morris is the No. 73 recruit in Texas (TX) and is the No. 23 Offensive Guard in the nation.
Morris has a 247Sports rating of 87, making him a 3-star prospect.
He has committed to TCU.
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Shirts 4 Cancer Awareness Tee Shirts, Apparel, Merchandise & Gifts sells eye-catching cancer shirts to call attention to the significance of cancer advocacy from Appendix Cancer to Uterine Cancer awareness. We have Breast Cancer Diva Shirts, Colon Cancer Warrior Apparel, Lung Cancer Support Gifts, Liver Cancer I Wear Emerald Green Ribbon For My Hero and more exclusive cancer t-shirts and gifts to inspire and empower cancer patients, warriors, survivors, advocates and their families! Perfect for cancer fundraisers and cancer awareness months. Note: All Designs Copyrighted - Duplication/Reproductions Prohibited - All Rights Reserved.
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awsome i wonder if this will work for gmate since it uses the mobile version of gmail
so wait,
you guys go into safari, then to gmail.com
then u check ur mail?
i just click, "mail"
and booyaa!
there it is
one click
so simple.
That's what I said, too...
but, alas... there are more features to gmail.com vs the mail application. Just sayin'
i can understand that
but an email is just an email
and until copy and paste and adding photo attachments in bulk become available its really just overkill
Nice PF, the motoguide.com, ahhh...the days before the iPhone.
t-shirt hell woooo! love that site
So this isn't even a real APP. We regress to the days of WebApps again. I'm glad i use my regular inbox.
pretty much ya lol
I just hope push for Gmail and Hotmail will be in 3.0 in the native mail app.
WHAAA???? what does fw have to do with web apps???? if that is true tho... u think fw faker will work on this?
Well... they do need to support a variety of mobile devices so why not a web app? Google has always been pushing in that direction (i.e. moving away from native application). Having to write and maintain a native application in: Objective-C, C++, JAVA for three different platforms won't work. Much easier to write one app in Javascript (with a choice of server side backends)
it gives you hella options
It would be great if it worked!! It made my phone crash into safe mode and it will not open mail. It sucks...
How come my gmail doesn't display any tabs at the top? pic.im | Image for http://pic.im/VH


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text: By MICHAEL MILLER | For The Prairie Advocate NewsSAVANNA, IL – Savanna's Ward One has a new Alderperson, as of Tuesday, November 13th, as Carol Fosdick of North Fifth Street was sworn in, replacing the just departed Bill Grummitt. Fosdick was appointed by Mayor Larry Stebbins and this appointment was approved by the entire Council. Her new duties will include membership on three City Committees, including the Hotel/Motel Committee, the Ordinance/Public Relations Committee (where she will replace Tony McCombie), and the Contracts and Lease Agreement Committee (where she will replace Merle Long). Fosdick's term is until April 30th of 2013. Tuesday's meeting was attended by Fosdick, Stebbins, and Council members Bill Scott, Bill Robinson, Merle Long, Peg Haffey, Jeff Griswold, Tony McCombie and Lois Hunsaker. Also present were City Clerk Paul Hartman, City Attorney Phil Jensen, and City department heads, including Sheryl Sipe (Treasurer/Comptroller), Michael Moon (Police Chief), Shawn Picolotti (Fire Chief) and John Lindeman (Public Works Superintendent). Transfer Station Fees Hiked?Water/Sewer/Refuse/Streets and Alleys Committee Chairman Robinson informed the Council that the Transfer Station is currently operating at a $17,000.00 operation deficit for the last twelve months, and that the two major contributors to the costs of the station are Labor and Disposal. In light of this, the Committee recommended to the Council that the following items be eliminated from the listed of accepted pick up items; electronics, refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners, shingles and lath and plaster. Also proposed was raising the fee for disposal of a long list of items. Under this proposal, disposal of garbage bags would go from one dollar to two dollars, sofas would go from ten dollars to twenty dollars, chairs would go from six dollars to twelve dollars, bathtubs would go from ten dollars to twenty dollars, mattresses and box springs would both go from seven dollars to fourteen dollars, a small pick-up truck load would go from $20.00 to $30.00, a regular pick-up truck load would go from $30.00 to $40.00 and a dump truck/trailer load would go from $100.00 to $150.00. Also under review is a suggestion to hire a part time person at the station, which according to the Committee would save a few thousand dollars a year. Robinson also noted that the Committee has elected not to renew its current four year contract with Moring Disposal for the City's waste removal services. Pursuant to this, Robinson motioned to allow Lindeman to let this work for bids, and the Council approved it unanimously. The new fee structure for the station, as well as the excluded items list, both effective December 1st of this year, were approved by the Council and now it will need to be put into city code. Robinson also delivered the Finance Committee report, and told the Council that Finance was recommending approval of a request from the Police Department for a new narrow band radio base, a budgeted item, not to exceed $3,500.00. The Committee also recommended a year end bonus total of $175.00 for full time City employees. It also recommended a reimbursement amount of $1,000.00 to Gerry Gendreau toward the $4,700.00 cost of demolition for 520 Main Street. Hartman opened the sole bid for a 580SN Loader/Backhoe, from Miller-Bradford-Reisberg Inc. from Rockford, Illinois, with the total bid coming to $89,400.00. The bid was approved contingent upon Lindeman reviewing and approving all specifications. Property MattersJensen updated the Council that the purchase of 403 Oak Street had been closed, despite a somewhat problematic closure. The cost of the property was exactly $7,000.00 with total costs at $10,968.67. The sale of 1125 Chicago Avenue to Jo-Carroll Energy should be closed by the next Council meeting, the attorney said. He also reviewed co-location agreement he'd received from iFiber, and noted some revisions he'd like to make regarding insurance cost review time line and area of jurisdiction. Final CommentsGriswold inquired what was done with the money left over from last year's budget for salt, in light of the fact that last year was a warm and fairly dry winter. Lindeman said those funds are to be used for that purpose only, and that the 125 tons of material that wasn't yet used is still in storage. McCombie noted some new businesses have opened in town, including Ridge Runners (formerly Chopper's), D and D Firearms and Absolute Water Solutions, all of which are located on Main Street. She also stated that area residents have contacted her regarding potentially bringing back the American flags to the city, and noted that those interested have resources to help fund this process. Loading


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Boston Self Catering Accommodation
All Types: Holiday Homes, Villas, Chalets, Cottages & ApartmentsBoston Self Catering Accommodation - Budget, comfortable and luxury self catering accommodation in Boston available for holiday rental year-round. Self catering options include holiday homes, luxury villas, cottages and self-contained chalets often in a garden or bush setting, holiday apartments and suites / units. These feature a fully equipped (unless otherwise specified) kitchen and a dining area enabling guests to cater for themselves. Cooking utensils, crockery and cutlery are provided. Some establishments include (or can arrange) servicing of the unit.
Sorry, there is no self catering accommodation listed in Boston at the moment.
We recommend you consider an establishment in another town / suburb in Natal Midlands
We recommend you consider an establishment in another town / suburb in Natal Midlands


text: Results 1–4 of 4 for "Nelson, Debra L."X Refine Your Search Refine Your Search TopicWorkplace issues (3)Stress (1)Document TypeBook/Monograph (3)Journal Special Issue (1)Year2012 (1)2008 (1)2002 (1)1997 (1)Author/ContributorNelson, Debra L.XQuick, James Campbell (3)Quick, Jonathan D. (2)Adkins, Joyce A. (1)Burke, Ronald J. (1) 2 more... [+] Hurrell, Joseph J. Jr. (1)Wright, Thomas A. (1)Hide details Results 1–4 of 4 Relevance Title A-Z Title Z-A Newest First Oldest First Sort by: 1.Preventive Stress Management in Organizations, Second EditionThis book offers a comprehensive framework for creating healthy workplaces.Book/Monograph (August 2012)2.Emerging Issues in Leadership Development ConsultationSpecial issue of APA's Consulting Psychology Journal, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2008. All six articles bring cutting edge science and practice in leadership to consulting psychologists working in organizations.Journal Special Issue (December 2008)3.Gender, Work Stress, and HealthThis book examines how socially defined gender roles affect individuals' experience of stress and health at work.Book/Monograph (July 2002)4.Preventive Stress Management in OrganizationsAPA book offers a comprehensive, orderly framework for practicing healthy preventive stress management. The volume covers a variety of topics on stress and the organizational costs of distress.Book/Monograph (July 1997) Relevance Title A-Z Title Z-A Newest First Oldest First Sort by: ADVERTISEMENT Results 1–4 of 4 for "Nelson, Debra L."X


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Voting Home / Kendall Square Cinema
Nominated for: BEST Indie Cinema
The Kendall Square Cinema is located in Cambridge between Historic Kendall Square and Central Square near the intersection of Binney Street and Cardinal Medieros Avenue, next to the MIT campus. Since opening its doors in September 1995, it has become Landmark Theatres' most successful venue. It also ranks among the most successful, beloved and architecturally intriguing homes for independent film, foreign language cinema, restored classics and documentaries in the nation. It has 9 screens and has been operated by Landmark since 1995.
Hard-to-find indies and a parking lot! Plus lots of eats in the are too!
Vote: BEST Indie Cinema
The best movies. Check their calendar flyer so you don't miss any gems.
Vote: BEST Indie Cinema
Excellent theater, love many of the movies, nice people and good popcorn and food. I am lucky to be able to walk to this theater.
Vote: BEST Indie Cinema
New, clean and a great selection of Indie films from the known to the obtuse.
Vote: BEST Indie Cinema


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WASHINGTON, D.C. (January 9, 2006) -- The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) is hosting the Pacific Rim Summit on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy Jan. 11-13, 2006 at the Hilton Hawaiian Village Beach Resort and Spa in Honolulu to explore the third wave in biotechnology – industrial and environmental biotechnology, which is the use of life science technologies to improve manufacturing processes. "Biotechnology is creating a new industrial revolution based on biology instead of petroleum. As biotech processes replace old rust belt technologies, they are enabling a transformation from a petroleum-based economy to a biobased economy," states Brent Erickson, executive vice president of BIO's Industrial and Environmental Section.
Industrial enzymes are already being used to make a number of consumer products better. Most detergents contain enzymes that help remove food and grass stains and get our clothes cleaner, even when cold wash water is used. Contact lens cleaners utilize biotech enzymes to remove tough protein deposits from lenses. Enzymes can be used to bleach paper products replacing the use of toxic chlorine. There are enzymes used to keep bread from going stale and to make the high fructose sweeteners in our juice and soft drinks.
Biotech can also be used to make ethanol for our cars and plastics for consumer products out of agriculture waste products instead of crude oil. The United States currently makes about 4 billion gallons of ethanol a year from grain, primarily corn. New biotechnology processes are now available that could produce over 70 billion gallons of ethanol a year from cellulose-containing crop residues, such as corn stover and stalks, sugar cane bagasse, wheat straw and rice straw. Biotech-improved enzymes convert the cellulose to sugars that can be fermented into ethanol.
Biotech enzymes are also being used to transform the chemical industry. Enzyme biocatalysts are used as substitutes for chemicals in many manufacturing processes, reducing process costs, the amount of energy used to make products, and the amount of greenhouse gases emitted. "When companies change a process from a chemical synthesis process to a biotechnology process and use enzymes, they actually prevent pollution from being generated because toxic chemicals are no longer required to make a product," said Erickson.
All living systems, including microorganisms, produce enzymes that act as biocatalysts to perform a myriad of chemical functions in living cells. Industrial biotechnology involves working with nature to optimize existing biochemical systems- that can replace traditional chemical processes in manufacturing. Scientists use biotech techniques to research microorganisms – ranging from bacteria, yeasts, and fungi to marine diatoms and protozoa – to identify and produce enzymes for manufacturing, environmental cleanup, and other industrial applications.
BIO represents more than 1,100 biotechnology companies, academic institutions, state biotechnology centers and related organizations across the United States and 31 other nations. BIO members are involved in the research and development of healthcare, agricultural, industrial and environmental biotechnology products.
About BIO
BIO is the world's largest trade association representing biotechnology companies, academic institutions, state biotechnology centers and related organizations across the United States and in more than 30 other nations. BIO members are involved in the research and development of innovative healthcare, agricultural, industrial and environmental biotechnology products. BIO also produces the BIO International Convention, the world's largest gathering of the biotechnology industry, along with industry-leading investor and partnering meetings held around the world. BIOtechNOW is BIO's blog chronicling "innovations transforming our world" and the BIO Newsletter is the organization's bi-weekly email newsletter. Subscribe to the BIO Newsletter.


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text:
Bad. Just so bad. I have nothing more to say:
Bad. Just so bad. I have nothing more to say:
"A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky, dangerous animals and you know it."
-Agent Kay
Hey I didn't know True Blue is bourbon. I've been missing out ;-)
Yes, there is such a thing as the wrong kind of attention.
We're Bourbon Geeks, it's who we are, it's what we do.
This is my favorite sentence ever written about bourbon - "This is one of the most legendary among the 10 best bourbons in the world. It comes the Wild Turkey distilleries that is owned by Jimmy and Eddie Russell." (Regarding RRSmBSB)
A very close second would be - "A bourbon will always have corn. But Devil's cut has a trace of rye in it and also some sweet cinnamon for flavour. It is well-known, affordable and totally from the American South." (Regarding Beam DC)
The bottle of Blanton's in the picture can't be purchased in the US.
[Liberty Valance lays shot in the street]
(Dr) "Quick whiskey!"
[ Dr drinks from whiskey bottle, kicks over Liberty Valance]
(Dr) "He's Dead"
Reads like it is translated (poorly) from Chinese. Just so much wrong with that listing and those descriptions.
The comment Bourbon brands are different brews . . . guess he forgot to mention the hops.
We're Bourbon Geeks, it's who we are, it's what we do.
"Blanton's Single Barrel Kentucky Straight Bourbon This one is a rather traditional old bourbon. It is comprised mainly of corn and honey."
Insert TheNovaMan's signature here (___________)
"These rumors tend to be started by people who don't really understand how the business works, which goes for a lot of people who work in the business."
That really does sound like a mistranslation of honey barrels.
We're Bourbon Geeks, it's who we are, it's what we do.


text:
Best Samsung Galaxy S4 accessories
The Samsung Galaxy S4 is undoubtedly going to be the pride and joy of many a trouser pocket from its official UK release date of 27 April. But keeping that phone feeling fresh and scratch-free means investing in a decent case. Thankfully, with Samsung... read the full article.


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Konrad Zuse
Konrad Zuse | |
Konrad Zuse in 1992
Born | Berlin, German Empire |
22 June 1910
Died | 18 December 1995 Hünfeld, Germany |
(aged 85)
Residence | Germany |
Nationality | German |
Fields | Computer science Computer engineering |
Institutions | Aerodynamic Research Institute |
Alma mater | Technical University of Berlin |
Known for | Z3, Z4 Plankalkül Calculating Space (cf. digital physics) |
Notable awards | Werner von Siemens Ring in 1964, Harry H. Goode Memorial Award in 1965 (together with George Stibitz), Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1972 Computer History Museum Fellow Award in 1999 |
Signature |
Konrad Zuse (German: [ˈkɔnʁat ˈtsuːzə]; 22 June 1910 – 18 December 1995) was a German civil engineer, inventor and computer pioneer. His greatest achievement was the world's first functional program-controlled Turing-complete computer, the Z3, which became operational in May 1941. Thanks to this machine and its predecessors, Zuse is often regarded as the inventor of the computer.[1][2][3][4]
Zuse was also noted for the S2 computing machine, considered the first process-controlled computer. He founded one of the earliest computer businesses in 1941, producing the Z4, which became the world's first commercial computer. From 1943[5] to 1945[6] he designed the first high-level programming language, Plankalkül.[7] In 1969, Zuse suggested the concept of a computation-based universe in his book Rechnender Raum (Calculating Space).
Much of his early work was financed by his family and commerce, but after 1939 he was given resources by the Nazi German government.[8] Due to World War II, Zuse's work went largely unnoticed in the United Kingdom and the United States. Possibly his first documented influence on a US company was IBM's option on his patents in 1946.
There is a replica of the Z3, as well as the original Z4, in the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The Deutsches Technikmuseum in Berlin has an exhibition devoted to Zuse, displaying twelve of his machines, including a replica of the Z1 and several of Zuse's paintings.
Pre-World War II work and the Z1[edit]
Born in Berlin, Germany, on 22 June 1910, he moved with his family in 1912 to Braunsberg, East Prussia, where his father was a postal clerk. Zuse attended the Collegium Hosianum in Braunsberg. In 1923, the family moved to Hoyerswerda, where he passed his Abitur in 1928, qualifying him to enter university.
He enrolled in the Technische Hochschule Berlin-Charlottenburg and explored both engineering and architecture, but found them boring. Zuse then pursued civil engineering, graduating in 1935. For a time, he worked for the Ford Motor Company, using his considerable artistic skills in the design of advertisements.[7] He started work as a design engineer at the Henschel aircraft factory in Schönefeld near Berlin. This required the performance of many routine calculations by hand, which he found mind-numbingly boring, leading him to dream of doing them by machine.
Since 1935 he experimented in the construction of computers in his parents' flat on Wrangelstraße 38, moving with them into their new flat on Methfesselstraße 10, the street leading up the Kreuzberg, Berlin.[9] Working in his parents' apartment in 1936, his first attempt, called the Z1, was a floating point binary mechanical calculator with limited programmability, reading instructions from a perforated 35 mm film.[7] In 1937, Zuse submitted two patents that anticipated a von Neumann architecture. He finished the Z1 in 1938. The Z1 contained some 30,000 metal parts and never worked well due to insufficient mechanical precision. On 30 January 1944, the Z1 and its original blueprints were destroyed with his parents' flat and many neighbouring buildings by a British air raid in World War II.[10]
Between 1987 and 1989, Zuse recreated the Z1, suffering a heart attack midway through the project. It cost 800,000 DM, (approximately $500,000) and required four individuals (including Zuse) to assemble it. Funding for this retrocomputing project was provided by Siemens and a consortium of five companies.
The Z2, Z3, and Z4[edit]
Zuse completed his work entirely independently of other leading computer scientists and mathematicians of his day. Between 1936 and 1945, he was in near-total intellectual isolation.[11] In 1939, Zuse was called to military service, where he was given the resources to ultimately build the Z2.[8] In September 1940 Zuse presented the Z2, covering several rooms in the parental flat, to experts of the Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt (DVL; i.e. German Research Institute for Aviation).[12] The Z2 was a revised version of the Z1 using telephone relays.
The DVL granted research subsidies so that in 1941 Zuse started a company, Zuse Apparatebau (Zuse Apparatus Construction), to manufacture his machines,[13] renting a workshop on the opposite side in Methfesselstraße 7 and stretching through the block to Belle-Alliance Straße 29 (renamed and renumbered as Mehringdamm 84 since 1947).[9][14]
Improving on the basic Z2 machine, he built the Z3 in 1941. On 12 May 1941 Zuse presented the Z3, built in his workshop, to the public.[14][15] The Z3 was a binary 22-bit floating point calculator featuring programmability with loops but without conditional jumps, with memory and a calculation unit based on telephone relays. The telephone relays used in his machines were largely collected from discarded stock. Despite the absence of conditional jumps, the Z3 was a Turing complete computer (ignoring the fact that no physical computer can be truly Turing complete because of limited storage size). However, Turing-completeness was never considered by Zuse (who had practical applications in mind) and only demonstrated in 1998 (see History of computing hardware).
The Z3, the first fully operational electromechanical computer, was partially financed by German government-supported DVL, which wanted their extensive calculations automated. A request by his co-worker Helmut Schreyer—who had helped Zuse build the Z3 prototype in 1938[16]—for government funding for an electronic successor to the Z3 was denied as "strategically unimportant".
In 1937, Schreyer had advised Zuse to use vacuum tubes as switching elements; Zuse at this time considered it a crazy idea ("Schnapsidee" in his own words). Zuse's workshop on Methfesselstraße 7 (with the Z3) was destroyed in an Allied Air raid in late 1943 and the parental flat with Z1 and Z2 on 30 January the following year, whereas the successor Z4, which Zuse had begun constructing in 1942[17] in a new premise in the Industriehof on Oranienstraße 6, remained intact.[18] After devastating destruction in the Luisenstadt, the area around Oranienstraße, including the neighbouring houses on 3 February 1945, the partially finished, relay-based Z4 was packed and moved from Berlin on 14 February, only arriving in Göttingen two weeks later.[18]
Work on the Z4 could not be resumed immediately in the extreme privation of post-war Germany, and it was not until 1949 that he was able to resume work on it. He showed it to the mathematician Eduard Stiefel of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich) who ordered one in 1950. On 8 November 1949, Zuse KG was founded. The Z4 was delivered to ETH Zurich on 12 July 1950, and proved very reliable.[7]
While Zuse never became a member of the Nazi Party, he is not known to have expressed any doubts or qualms about working for the Nazi war effort. Much later, he suggested that in modern times, the best scientists and engineers usually have to choose between either doing their work for more or less questionable business and military interests in a Faustian bargain, or not pursuing their line of work at all.[19]
S1 and S2[edit]
In 1940, the German government began funding him through the Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt (AVA, Aerodynamic Research Institute, forerunner of the DLR),[20] which used his work for the production of glide bombs. Zuse built the S1 and S2 computing machines, which were special purpose devices which computed aerodynamic corrections to the wings of radio-controlled flying bombs. The S2 featured an integrated analog-to-digital converter under program control, making it the first process-controlled computer.[17]
These machines contributed to the Henschel Werke Hs 293 and Hs 294 guided missiles developed by the German military between 1941 and 1945, which were the precursors to the modern cruise missile.[17][21][22] The circuit design of the S1 was the predecessor of Zuse's Z11.[17] Zuse believed that these machines had been captured by occupying Soviet troops in 1945.[17]
While working on his Z4 computer, Zuse realised that programming in machine code was too complicated. After the progress of the war induced him to flee Berlin for the rural Allgäu, where he could not do any hardware work, he designed the first high-level programming language, Plankalkül ("Plan Calculus"), in 1945/6. This was first published in 1948,[7] although not in its entirety until 1972. It was a theoretical contribution, since the language was not implemented in his lifetime and did not directly influence subsequent early languages. Heinz Rutishauser, one of the inventors of ALGOL, wrote: "The very first attempt to devise an algorithmic language was undertaken in 1948 by K. Zuse. His notation was quite general, but the proposal never attained the consideration it deserved". No compiler or interpreter was available for Plankalkül until a team from the Free University of Berlin implemented one in 2000.
Personal life[edit]
Konrad Zuse married Gisela Brandes in January 1945 - employing a carriage, himself dressed in tailcoat and top hat and with Gisela in a wedding veil, for Zuse attached importance to a "noble ceremony". Their son Horst, the first of five children, was born in November 1945.
On his religious views, Zuse was an atheist.[23][24]
Zuse died on 18 December 1995 in Hünfeld, Germany (near Fulda) from heart failure.
Zuse the entrepreneur[edit]
In 1946, Zuse founded one of the earliest computer companies: the Zuse-Ingenieurbüro Hopferau. Capital was raised through ETH Zurich and an IBM option on Zuse's patents.
Zuse founded another company, Zuse KG in Haunetal-Neukirchen in 1949; in 1957 the company's head office moved to Bad Hersfeld. The Z4 was finished and delivered to the ETH Zurich, Switzerland in September 1950. At that time, it was the only working computer in continental Europe, and the second computer in the world to be sold, only beaten by the BINAC, which never worked properly after it was delivered. Other computers, all numbered with a leading Z, up to Z43,[25] were built by Zuse and his company. Notable are the Z11, which was sold to the optics industry and to universities, and the Z22, the first computer with a memory based on magnetic storage.[26]
By 1967, the Zuse KG had built a total of 251 computers. Due to financial problems, the company was then sold to Siemens.
Calculating Space[edit]
In 1967, Zuse also suggested that the universe itself is running on a cellular automaton or similar computational structure (digital physics); in 1969, he published the book Rechnender Raum (translated into English as Calculating Space). This idea has attracted a lot of attention, since there is no physical evidence against Zuse's thesis. Edward Fredkin (1980s), Jürgen Schmidhuber (1990s), and others have expanded on it.
After he retired, he focused on his hobby of painting. Zuse died on 18 December 1995 in Hünfeld, Germany, near Fulda.
Awards and honours[edit]
Zuse received several awards for his work:
- Werner von Siemens Ring in 1964 (together with Fritz Leonhardt and Walter Schottky)[27]
- Harry H. Goode Memorial Award in 1965 (together with George Stibitz)
- Bundesverdienstkreuz in 1972 - Great Cross of Merit
- Computer History Museum Fellow Award in 1999[28]
The Zuse Institute Berlin is named in his honour.
The Konrad Zuse Medal of the Gesellschaft für Informatik, and the Konrad Zuse Medal of the Zentralverband des Deutschen Baugewerbes (Central Association of German Construction), are both named after Zuse.
Zuse Year 2010[edit]
The 100th anniversary of the birth of this computer pioneer was celebrated by exhibitions, lectures and workshops to remember his life and work and to bring attention to the importance of his invention to the digital age.[29][30] The movie Tron: Legacy, which revolves around a world inside a computer system, features a character named Zuse, presumably in honour of Konrad Zuse.[citation needed]
- Konrad Zuse: The Computer – My Life, Springer Verlag, ISBN 3-540-56453-5, ISBN 0-387-56453-5
- Jürgen Alex, Hermann Flessner, Wilhelm Mons, Horst Zuse: Konrad Zuse: Der Vater des Computers. Parzeller, Fulda 2000, ISBN 3-7900-0317-4
- Raul Rojas (Hrsg.): Die Rechenmaschinen von Konrad Zuse. Springer, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-540-63461-4.
- Wilhelm Füßl (Ed.): 100 Jahre Konrad Zuse. Einblicke in den Nachlass, München 2010, ISBN 978-3-940396-14-3.
- Jürgen Alex: Wege und Irrwege des Konrad Zuse. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft (dt. Ausgabe von Scientific American) 1/1997, ISSN 0170-2971.
- Hadwig Dorsch: Der erste Computer. Konrad Zuses Z1 – Berlin 1936. Beginn und Entwicklung einer technischen Revolution. Mit Beiträgen von Konrad Zuse und Otto Lührs. Museum für Verkehr und Technik, Berlin 1989.
- Clemens Kieser: "Ich bin zu faul zum Rechnen" – Konrad Zuses Computer Z22 im Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie Karlsruhe. In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg, 4/34/2005, Esslingen am Neckar, S. 180-184, ISSN 0342-0027.
- Mario G. Losano (ed.), Zuse. L'elaboratore nasce in Europa. Un secolo di calcolo automatico, Etas Libri, Milano 1975, pp. XVIII-184.
- Arno Peters: Was ist und wie verwirklicht sich Computer-Sozialismus: Gespräche mit Konrad Zuse. Verlag Neues Leben, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-355-01510-5.
- Paul Janositz: Informatik und Konrad Zuse: Der Pionier des Computerbaus in Europa – Das verkannte Genie aus Adlershof. In: Der Tagesspiegel Nr. 19127, Berlin, 9. März 2006, Beilage Seite B3.
- Jürgen Alex: Zum Einfluß elementarer Sätze der mathematischen Logik bei Alfred Tarski auf die drei Computerkonzepte des Konrad Zuse. TU Chemnitz 2006.
- Jürgen Alex: Zur Entstehung des Computers – von Alfred Tarski zu Konrad Zuse. VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-18-150051-4, ISSN 0082-2361.
- Herbert Bruderer: Konrad Zuse und die Schweiz. Wer hat den Computer erfunden? Charles Babbage, Alan Turing und John von Neumann Oldenbourg Verlag, München 2012, XXVI, 224 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-486-71366-4
See also[edit]
- ^ RTD Net: "From various sides Konrad Zuse was awarded with the title "Inventor of the computer"."
- ^ GermanWay: "(...)German inventor of the computer"
- ^ Monsters & Critics: "he [Zuse] built the world's first computer in Berlin"
- ^ About.com: "Konrad Zuse earned the semiofficial title of 'inventor of the modern computer'"
- ^ Inception of a universal theory of computation with special consideration of the propositional calculus and its application to relay circuits (Zuse, Konrad, (1943) "Ansätze einer Theorie des allgemeinen Rechnens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Aussagenkalküls und dessen Anwendung auf Relaisschaltungen"), unpublished manuscript, Zuse Papers 045/018.
- ^ A book on the subject: (full text of the 1945 manuscript)
- ^ a b c d e Talk given by Horst Zuse to the Computer Conservation Society at the Science Museum (London) on 18 November 2010
- ^ a b "Weapons Grade: How Modern Warfare Gave Birth To Our High-Tech World", David Hambling. Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2006. ISBN 0-7867-1769-6, ISBN 978-0-7867-1769-9. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
- ^ a b Hasso Spode, "Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10/Oranienstraße 6", in: Geschichtslandschaft Berlin: Orte und Ereignisse: 5 vols., Helmut Engel, Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, Wilhelm Treue (eds.), vol. 5: 'Kreuzberg', Berlin: Nicolai, 1994, pp. 418–429, here p. 418. ISBN 3-87584-474-2.
- ^ Hasso Spode, "Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10/Oranienstraße 6", in: Geschichtslandschaft Berlin: Orte und Ereignisse: 5 vols., Helmut Engel, Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, Wilhelm Treue (eds.), vol. 5: 'Kreuzberg', Berlin: Nicolai, 1994, pp. 418–429, p. 426. ISBN 3-87584-474-2.
- ^ "Konrad Zuse", Gap System. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
- ^ Hasso Spode, "Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10/Oranienstraße 6", in: Geschichtslandschaft Berlin: Orte und Ereignisse: 5 vols., Helmut Engel, Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, Wilhelm Treue (eds.), vol. 5: 'Kreuzberg', Berlin: Nicolai, 1994, pp. 418–429, p. 424. ISBN 3-87584-474-2.
- ^ Lippe, Wolfram-M. "Kapitel 14: Die ersten programmierbaren Rechner" [Chapter 14: The First Programmable Computer]. Die Geschichte der Rechenautomaten [The History of Computing Machines]. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
- ^ a b Hasso Spode, "Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10/Oranienstraße 6", in: Geschichtslandschaft Berlin: Orte und Ereignisse: 5 vols., Helmut Engel, Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, Wilhelm Treue (eds.), vol. 5: 'Kreuzberg', Berlin: Nicolai, 1994, pp. 418–429, p. 425. ISBN 3-87584-474-2.
- ^ Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug, Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Berlin: Haude & Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, 2003, p. 52. ISBN 3-7759-0474-3.
- ^ St. Amant, Kirk; Still, Brian. Handbook of research on open source software Idea Group. 2007. ISBN 978-1-59140-999-1. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Zuse, Konrad (2010) [1993], Wössner, Hans, ed., The Computer – My Life (Translation of Der Computer – Mein Lebenswerk), Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, ISBN 978-3-642-08151-4
- ^ a b Hasso Spode, "Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10/Oranienstraße 6", in: Geschichtslandschaft Berlin: Orte und Ereignisse: 5 vols., Helmut Engel, Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, Wilhelm Treue (eds.), vol. 5: 'Kreuzberg', Berlin: Nicolai, 1994, pp. 418–429, p. 428. ISBN 3-87584-474-2.
- ^ Zuse, Konrad. Der Computer, mein Lebenswerk [The Computer, My Life's Work]. Berlin: Springer. 1984. page X. ISBN 978-3-540-13814-3
- ^ "Mathematicians during the Third Reich and World War II", Technische Universität München. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
- ^ "Germany's Secret Weapons in World War II", Roger Ford. Zenith Imprint, 2000. ISBN 0-7603-0847-0, ISBN 978-0-7603-0847-9. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
- ^ "The S1 and S2 Computing Machines — Konrad Zuse´s Work for the German Military 1941–1945", Atypon Link. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
- ^ Jane Smiley (2010). The Man Who Invented the Computer: The Biography of John Atanasoff, Digital Pioneer. Random House Digital, Inc. ISBN 9780385527132. "Like Alan Turing, Zuse was educated in a system that focused on a child's emotional and philosophical life as well as his intellectual life, and at the end of school, like Turing, Zuse found himself to be something of an outsider—to the disappointment of his very conventional parents, he no longer believed in God or religion."
- ^ Konrad Zuse (1993). The Computer, My Life. Springer. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-3-540-56453-9. "The only problem was that the progressive spirit at our school did not always correspond to my parents' ideas. This was particularly true for religious instruction, which now and again seemed even to us pupils to be rather too enlightened. After the 'Abitur' my parents wanted to go to communion with me; is was a terrible disappointment to them when I wouldn't go. They had lived under the illusion that I was a good student when it came to religion, too, which wasn't the case. ...I remember a poem presented by a student, which made a great impression on me. The essence of the poem read, "Basically, you are always alone". I have forgotten the name of the poet, but have often experienced the truth of these words in later life."
- ^ Part 7 (continued): The Zuse KG Prof. Horst Zuse, EPE Online, archived on May 11, 2009 from the original
- ^ The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse Prof. Horst Zuse, EPE Online, archived on June 29, 2009 from the original
- ^ Konrad Zuse: Biography
- ^ Konrad Zuse 1999 Fellow Award Recipient Computer History Museum
- ^ Zuse Year 2010
- ^ Zuse-Jahr 2010 - zum 100. Geburtstag des Computerpioniers Konrad Zuse Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin, 19 April 2010 (German)
- Zuse, Konrad (1993). The Computer – My Life. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-56453-5 (translated from the original German edition (1984): Der Computer – Mein Lebenswerk. Springer. ISBN 3-540-56292-3.)
- Zuse, Konrad (1969). Rechnender Raum Braunschweig: Vieweg & Sohn. ISBN 3-528-09609-8
- Rechnender Raum (PDF document), Elektronische Datenverarbeitung, 8: 336–344, 1967.
- Calculating Space English translation as PDF document
- Zuse, Konrad. Direction-bound engraving tool with program control. U.S. Patent 3,163,936
- U.S.Patents 3,234,819; 3,306,128; 3,408,483; 3,356,852; 3,316,442
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Konrad Zuse. |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Konrad Zuse |
- Konrad Zuse Internet Archive
- The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse – By Prof. Horst Zuse (K. Zuse's son); an extensive and well-written historical account
- MacTutor biography
- Technical University of Berlin
- Free University of Berlin
- Konrad Zuse and his computers, from Technische Universität Berlin
- Konrad Zuse
- Konrad Zuse, inventor of first working programmable computer
- Zuse's thesis of digital physics and the computable universe
- Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin
- Konrad Zuse Museum Hoyerswerda
- Konrad Zuse and The Invention of the Computer
- Computermuseum Kiel Z11
- Computermuseum Kiel Z22
- Computermuseum Kiel Z25
- 1910 births
- 1995 deaths
- Businesspeople from Berlin
- German inventors
- German atheists
- German civil engineers
- German computer scientists
- Computer hardware engineers
- Computer designers
- Programming language designers
- Cellular automatists
- Werner von Siemens Ring laureates
- Berlin Institute of Technology alumni
- Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
- Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art


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Get on yer bike!
Saturday, May 5th, 2012It is that time of year again Etape Caledonia and I have convinced a pal to ride with me this year. Jim has taken it a bit seriously and it seems we are racing!! We are raising money for the event charity Marie Curie.
Please go to our team page and donate…..it will help us get round. Thanks. I will keep you posted on how the race goes


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Listen up, lobsters... we know you like to keep that body tight, so if you're a if you're a triathlete, runner or endurance athlete, you need to check out the triathlon training log and online triathlon magazine by our friends at Amateur Endurance. Track and log your workouts, learn from other athletes, find out about or review the latest gear and be a part of the community at Amateur Endurance. Thank us later.
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Sam Perkins & Michael Jordan in 1983
From the desk of the SI Vault, "This photo was discovered this morning and has never been seen before. MJ and Big Smooth at UNC in Nov. 1983" Love it. -bp
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Items by Allen Best — 10 items
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77 years later, here comes pot
The history of marijuana is clouded by racism and muddled thinking.
by Allen Best, Feb 19, 2014 -
Go Lambkins! But no go Redskins?
The controversial territory of mascot names.
by Allen Best, Dec 04, 2013 -
A Colorado carpenter takes a chance on hemp
Can an agrarian insurrection revitalize this High Plains town?
by Allen Best, Dec 03, 2013 -
Telluride voters will find sugar on the ballot
The pros and cons of banning sugary sodas in a mountain resort town of Colorado.
by Allen Best, Oct 29, 2013 -
In describing weather, remember the caveats
The numbers get squirrely when it comes to explaining massive flooding.
by Allen Best, Oct 10, 2013 -
Hard choices for an uncertain future
After seeing a talk by climate activist Tim DeChristopher, the author wonders: which energy source is the lesser of many evils?
by Allen Best, Jun 13, 2013 -
Aspen, Colo. environmental community split over small hydro
Reviving a small hydroelectric plant on Castle Creek was supposed to help the city's utility get closer to providing 100 percent carbon free electricity as part of an effort to fight climate change. Instead, it's kicked up a furor.
by Allen Best, Apr 24, 2013 -
Smug alert
None of us are without sin when it comes to using energy.
by Allen Best, Mar 19, 2013 -
Keystone XL is still a questionable pipeline
As the pipeline route is decided, ranchers worry about impacts to water quality in the case of spills
by Allen Best, Oct 07, 2012 -
Global climate change: We need to talk about it
It's hard for journalists to talk about climate change, but they need to keep telling the story, especially when writing about natural disasters.
by Allen Best, Jul 25, 2012


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Today's Market: Acquisition Targets In TelecomMatthew Smith • Thu, Mar. 13
The Capex Trend Is Your FriendNikos Theodosopoulos • Mon, Mar. 3
Consider This Leading Telecom For A Safe 4.3% YieldThe Outsider • Tue, Feb. 25
Vodafone Group FY 2006 Earnings Call TranscriptMay. 29, 2007
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VOD vs. ETF Alternatives
Company Description
Vodafone Group PLC is engaged in providing voice and data communications services for both consumers and enterprise customers, with a significant presence in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Asia Pacific region and the United States.
- All
- | Earnings
- | Dividends
- | On the move
Sunday, Mar 168:45 PM
- Consolidation continues in Europe's fragmented telecom sector, with Vodafone (VOD) inking a deal to buy Spanish cable company Ono SA for just over €7B, reports the WSJ. The U.K. player will assume Ono's €3.34B in debt and pay the rest in cash to Ono's shareholders. The planned Ono IPO approved just last week will obviously be preempted.
- Vodafone has struggled competing with Spanish telecoms offering bundled packages of high-speed home Internet, pay-TV, and cell phone service, but the Ono purchase will give it a much-needed fixed line operation.
- From Friday: A Vodafone/Ono deal is near.
Sunday, Mar 168:45 PM| 2 Comments -
Friday, Mar 146:53 AM
- Vodafone (VOD) is close to an agreement to acquire Grupo Corporativo ONO for €7.2B ($10B) including debt, Reuters reports, adding that while Ono's shareholders yesterday approved an IPO for the Spanish cable operator, they were holding out for a deal with the U.K. carrier.
- The sides are negotiating the final terms and could even reach a preliminary agreement today.
- Previous
Friday, Mar 146:53 AM| Comment! -
Monday, Mar 1012:02 PM
- As European 4G investments ramp, "the window may be closing" on acquiring continental wireless assets, AT&T (T -0.4%) CEO Randall Stephenson stated last week at a Morgan Stanley conference (transcript). At the same time, he argued "there are still other opportunities" in Europe, such as those tied to the development of "global" SIM cards that can work with any type of device worldwide.
- Those remarks were highlighted by a weekend FT column declaring Stephenson had "poured more cold water." on hopes of an AT&T bid for Vodafone (VOD -4.2%). The AT&T chief has already been reported to have told investors further cable acquisitions by Vodafone would complicate a bid.
- Meanwhile, Vodafone CEO Vittorio Colao states recently-acquired Kabel Deutschland will act as the "core" of a wireline business in Germany and possibly other countries. He adds Vodafone's wireline ops will expand to include security, Web hosting, and entertainment services (previous).
- Colao was cryptic when asked about Vodafone's reported efforts to acquire Spanish cable giant ONO. "We'll see what happens."
Monday, Mar 1012:02 PM| 5 Comments -
Monday, Mar 103:01 AM
- Grupo Corporativo ONO's owners are moving forward with plans for an IPO, the WSJ reports, and are due to meet with analysts and candidates for independent directors today and tomorrow.
- The WSJ's article contrasts with a Reuters report on Friday which said that Vodafone (VOD) has agreed to a deal to acquire the Spanish cable operator.
- ONO's shareholders are due to hold an annual meeting on Thursday, when they could approve the IPO, which would effectively end any takeover talks.
- There's no word on the value of the IPO, although ONO's investors would reportedly want above €7B in any M&A.
- Liberty Global (LBTYA) has also been eying ONO.
- Previous
Monday, Mar 103:01 AM| 3 Comments -
Friday, Mar 711:19 AM
- Sources tell Reuters (translation) Vodafone (VOD -2.8%) has raised its bid for Spanish cable giant ONO, and has reached a preliminary deal with ONO shareholders collectively possessing a controlling stake.
- No word on the specific offer price. Vodafone was previously reported to have made a rejected €7B ($9.6B) bid for ONO.
- One source states Vodafone plans to formally present its offer before ONO's board meets on March 13 to approve recently-announced plans to pursue an IPO.
- Vodafone is selling off on the report. A successful Vodafone bid for ONO, coming on the heels of its $14.2B Kabel Deutschland acquisition, could lower the odds AT&T (T +0.3%) will make an offer for the company once its 6-month waiting period ends. AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson has reportedly told investors further cable acquisitions by Vodafone would complicate a deal.
Friday, Mar 711:19 AM| 1 Comment -
Tuesday, Mar 410:34 AM
- Sky News reports Vodafone (VOD +0.8%) has restarted talks to acquire Spanish cable giant ONO, and that a deal could be worth €7B ($9.6B).
- However, the talks are said to be "at a tentative stage," with Vodafone pessimistic about its ability to get ONO shareholders to call off a planned IPO. Bloomberg reported last month an ONO bid would need to be in the €7B-€8B range to win board approval.
- Vodafone appears intent on using some of its Verizon Wireless cash to grow its European wireline reach. AT&T isn't pleased.
Tuesday, Mar 410:34 AM| 2 Comments -
Wednesday, Feb 261:25 PM
- Media reports that Google (GOOG +0.5%) made an offer to buy WhatsApp are "simply untrue," says Android/Chrome chief Sundar Pichai. Fortune had reported Google offered $10B for the mobile messaging leader, and others suggested Google was even willing to top Facebook's (FB +0.7%) $19B offer.
- Pichai's remarks come shortly after Mark Zuckerberg met with top mobile carrier execs, including Vodafone (VOD -1.3%) CEO Vittorio Colao and Orange (ORAN -3.6%) CEO Stephane Richard, to address concerns carriers are being reduced to "dumb pipes" as services such as Facebook and WhatsApp proliferate, and in doing so eat into voice/SMS revenue.
- Zuck is looking to enlist carriers such as Vodafone and Orange in its Internet.org initiative to provide free access to basic Web services in emerging markets. Colao recently said offering free Facebook access to Vodafone subs "does not make any sense" for the carrier.
- Meanwhile, WhatsApp rival Telegram has rocketed to the top of App Store charts in many countries since the Facebook deal went down, and WhatsApp saw a weekend outage. Telegram claims to offer better security than alternatives, and also features a Snapchat-like self-delete option for message threads.
- Though no WhatsApp rivals come close to matching the service's 465M MAUs and network effect, Telegram's growth highlights how rivals can quickly gain a following by leveraging phone contact book listings to connect users.
Wednesday, Feb 261:25 PM| 18 Comments -
Tuesday, Feb 251:56 PM
- Dow Jones reports AT&T (T -1%), long rumored to be weighing a bid for Vodafone (VOD -1.1%), isn't thrilled with Vodafone's efforts to grow its cable assets via M&A, and would prefer the company focus on mobile.
- Vodafone, which just closed the Verizon Wireless deal, has been eying European wireline carriers as part of an effort to offer an end-to-end suite of telecom services in EU markets.
- The company gobbled up German cable provider Kabel Deutschland last year for $14.2B, and reportedly made a failed bid this year for Spanish cable giant ONO. There have also been rumors Vodafone is open to a bid for U.K. satellite TV/broadband provider BSkyB.
- Last month, AT&T gave up the opportunity to bid on Vodafone for six months, but is still reportedly open to making an offer afterwards.
- Vodafone shares have ticked lower on the report.
Tuesday, Feb 251:56 PM| 8 Comments -
Monday, Feb 249:11 AM
Friday, Feb 2111:20 AM
- Verizon (VZ -0.3%) has officially completed its $130B purchase of Vodafone's (VOD +0.5%) 45% stake in Verizon Wireless. As previously announced, Verizon is issuing 1.27B shares to Vodafone (current value of $61B), and paying for the rest of the deal in cash.
- Vodafone says it will return $23.9B of the cash to shareholders in addition to distributing the Verizon shares (previous), leading to a total return of $85B. All signs suggest the carrier will use a chunk of the remaining post-tax windfall to go acquisition-hunting.
- Verizon reiterates the deal will immediately be accretive to EPS by 10%. Over the long haul, it's expected to give Verizon more flexibility to integrate its wireline and mobile services, and to cut overhead by combining redundant divisions.
Friday, Feb 2111:20 AM| 20 Comments -
Wednesday, Feb 193:04 AM
- Vodafone (VOD) will divide up 1.27B Verizon Communications (VZ) shares to its investors as part of the distribution it's making following the $130B sale of its 45% stake in Verizon Wireless.
- Vodafone stockholders will receive 0.026 of a share in Verizon Communications for each Vodafone share they own.
- The U.K. carrier's shares are due to be consolidated on Monday at the rate of 6 new shares for 11 existing shares after the Verizon transaction closes on Friday.
- Based on closing stock prices and currency rates yesterday, for example, a Vodafone stockholder would receive £0.72 in Verizon shares and £0.30 in cash for each Vodafone share they hold. (PR)
Wednesday, Feb 193:04 AM| 88 Comments -
Thursday, Feb 134:05 PM
- Two months after spending $1.6B to buy out its Indian minority investors, Vodafone (VOD +0.4%) is spending $3B (not all of it due right away) to acquire Indian spectrum in the rural/building-friendly 900MHz. band. Top rival Bharti Airtel is spending a similar amount.
- The spectrum can be used to offer 3G and 4G services, and covers the key cities of Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata. Vodafone CEO Vittorio Colao recently argued the relatively poor state of India's wireline telecom infrastructure will yield a larger mobile data opportunity.
- The purchase comes shortly after reports emerged that Vodafone's talks with the Indian government to resolve a $2B tax dispute have broken down.
Thursday, Feb 134:05 PM| Comment! -
Wednesday, Feb 124:06 AM
- Grupo Corporativo ONO has confirmed that its board has approved a proposal for the Spanish cable operator to start the process for a €7B ($9.6B) IPO but that directors didn't discuss any buyout proposals.
- ONO has reportedly rejected offers from Vodafone (VOD) and Liberty Global (LBTYA).
- Previous
Wednesday, Feb 124:06 AM| Comment! -
Tuesday, Feb 111:41 PM
- Spain's La Vanguardia reports local cable giant ONO has rejected buyout offers from Vodafone (VOD +0.5%) and Liberty Global (LBTYA +1.5%), and plans to pursue a 1H14 IPO.
- Vodafone, hungry to expand its European wireline footprint, was reported over the weekend to have made a formal offer for ONO. Bloomberg later reported a bid would need to be in the €7B-€8B ($9.5B-$10.9B) range to win board approval.
- Yesterday: Vodafone open to building conglomerate, has big M&A budget
Tuesday, Feb 111:41 PM| Comment! -
Monday, Feb 107:05 PM
- "If other opportunities arise to create a bigger—I would say the Unilever of telecom—a big company that has fixed mobile and possibly entertainment and enterprise services, then of course we'll go after them," says Vodafone (VOD) CEO Vittorio Colao during a CNBC talk. He adds Vodafone "might be looking at a number of places in emerging markets and in mature markets and consolidation opportunities."
- During a separate talk, Colao says Vodafone, flush with Verizon Wireless cash, might have $30B-$40B to spend on M&A in the coming years, assuming it maintains its 2:1 debt/EBITDA target ratio.
- The remarks come as a fresh report emerges of Vodafone's interest in Spanish cable provider ONO (previous). Colao suggests Vodafone, which bought German cable provider Kabel Deutschland last year, is keen on building its wireline footprint in Europe, and on expanding its mobile reach in emerging markets.
- Discussing India, Vodafone's biggest emerging market, Colao points out the country's relatively poor wireline infrastructure spells a larger opportunity for mobile data services.
Monday, Feb 107:05 PM| 7 Comments -
Sunday, Feb 91:11 AM
- Vodafone (VOD) has made a formal offer for Spanish cable operator Grupo Corporativo ONO, the Expansion newspaper reports.
- However, Reuters sources provide conflicting information: one says that talks are continuing, while two others say that no offer would be made.
- Vodafone is vying with Liberty Global (LBTYA) to acquire the firm, which has also been considering an IPO.
- Any deal for ONO, which one analyst says could be worth an estimated €6.4B ($8.7B) including debt, would add to Vodafone's acquisition of other cable providers in Europe such as Kabel Deutschland in Germany.
Sunday, Feb 91:11 AM| Comment!
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Home | Register | iTrader | Members List | Calendar | Search | Today's Posts | Mark Forums Read | Store | Photo Gallery | Chat |
GPS tracks and trails 4x4 trails and destination coordinates |
View Poll Results: Where should we go? | |||
Moab | 9 | 52.94% | |
Rubicon | 5 | 29.41% | |
Ouray and Telluride | 2 | 11.76% | |
Naches(Washington) | 0 | 0% | |
Other... | 1 | 5.88% | |
Voters: 17. You may not vote on this poll |
Thread Tools |
July 8th, 2011, 08:58 PM | #1 |
Senior Member
Off road Expedition
With the uncertainty of the economy nobody knows when one will have enough money to have a major wheeling trip again. If you had to choose one of the locations which would you choose.
We are planning an off-road expedition in spring of 2012. May 2012 to be specific. Some of the places we are considering are the Rubicon, Ouray, Moab, Naches(Washington) or ...... your suggestions Have any of you wheeled there? Which would you recommend and why? |
July 9th, 2011, 03:11 AM | #2 |
Senior Member
I chose Moab, mostly because that is a dream of mine to do sometime. Second would be the Rubicon. I lived in Seattle for a couple years and would go up to Naches almost monthly, sometimes more often. There is alot to do but it is no where near the scale of Moab.
July 9th, 2011, 03:57 AM | #3 |
Senior Member
I have watched allot of videos and the Rubicon looks to me like it would be the moxt fun , for camping , wheeling , and sitting around campfires kicking back and relaxing after a long day of wheeling !! Ive Just aways wanted to go there !! but then like you said it always comes down to the money situation and nothing is getting cheaper , so if i can go , that would be the place , with Moab coming in 2nd place !!
Tear It Up - Fix It - And Do It Again |
November 14th, 2011, 01:19 PM | #5 |
Senior Member
The Rubicon and next door Fordyce Creek trail are awesome and it was a dream of mine doing the Rubicon trail in 03' for the 1st time and in the dark!
My heart is still there bracing for a Midwest winter! I have never been to Moab but there are so many trails in that area as well as the not so far Colorado trails so if you went down 80 then 70 west from Denver to Moab you could do lots of trails maybe not even making it to Moan just doing the Colorado Rocky trails instead! Troy |
Thread Tools | |


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Emily Guendelsberger
Emily is senior staff writer at Philadelphia City Paper. She enjoys writing about feminism, opera, television, arts ecosystems, music theory, people with weird jobs and pretty much everything involving money. You can also find her writing at the A.V. Club, the Guardian and other fine publications.
By Emily Guendelsberger
03/27/2013 | 0 Comments Posted
In the many, many studies done on the impact of the growth of the arts and culture in Philadelphia over the past decade, the word "ecosystem" is often used to describe all of the city's galleries, audiences, artists, foundations and anything else involved with how art is produced and consumed. It's a term that unfortunately evokes the image of a theater full of frogs and flies watching Shakespeare. If you extend the silly metaphor, though, there's at least one useful image: Philly's arts ecosystem is a bit like a pond where fish of all shapes and sizes are at an all-time high, but the water level keeps falling more and more each year.
And the Kimmel Center's Philadelphia International Festival of the Arts, otherwise known as PIFA, is a really big new fish. It rolled into town two years ago on a grant of $10 million — and because the numbers involved with arts funding can be a bit opaque, here are a few things that cost slightly less than $10 million:
- The total combined cost of the four years of the Live Arts Festival and Philly Fringe leading up to PIFA.
- The combined grants that will be given out this year by the state's Pennsylvania Council on the Arts ($8.1 million) and the city's Philadelphia Cultural Fund ($1.6 million).
- The amount the Philadelphia Orchestra projected it would save in two-and-a-half years by cutting musician salaries and benefits as part of its 2011 Chapter 11 bankruptcy plan.
When you introduce anything that big into any ecosystem, it's going to have an effect. But since the first Paris-themed festival in 2011 came pre-funded by the Annenberg Foundation, it wasn't clear what that effect would be — or even whether this was sustainable or just a one-time set-money-on-fire fluke. As the Annenberg grant stipulated that the whole grant be spent on the festival's first year, this sophomore outing will be a much better indicator of whether PIFA will sink or swim in the long run.
"The requirement to use the $10 million in the first year was to make sure it was big enough to really get launched — I think that really served it well," says Anne Ewers, president and CEO of the Kimmel Center and the driving force behind PIFA. "When you put out $4 million for branding — people understood what it was, and came, and loved it. That's an investment that we don't have to make again."
This year's time-machine-themed festival, which begins today, is much smaller-scale, with 50 rather than 135 participating arts groups. Depending on whom you ask, this is because of either a more curatorial approach or a nearly halved budget of $5.3 million, raised mainly via corporate sponsorships and foundation grants. According to Ewers, potential funders of the planned third edition of the every-other-year festival in 2015, who presumably saw the first festival as a fluke and sat this one out, are watching closely. "To have another, equally successful [festival in] 2013 reinforces this chance of a lifetime" not for just the artists and audiences, she says, but "for the funding community to realize that their return on investment was exactly what they envisioned it to be."
Kimmel representatives tend to coyly invoke the artistic temperament when asked for specifics about how the $10 million Annenberg grant was spent, as if word getting out about who got more funding than whom will cause the Avenue of the Arts to erupt into a week of catfights, but the $4 million figure Ewers mentioned would work out to about 40 percent of PIFA's 2011 budget spent on marketing. Compare that to only 10 percent of expenses local performing-arts organizations averaged for marketing and ads the previous year (a total of about $21.3 million, according to a study by the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance), and it's not hard to see why some participating artists were startled.
Renae Dinerman worked with PIFA in 2011 as arts director of International House (she has since left), organizing a screening of a music-video work with Network for New Music. Because it was not commissioned by the festival, she says, coming under the PIFA umbrella meant a promotional boost, but no financial aid. And she found the benefits of being an official PIFA show were not what she'd hoped, given the competition for festivalgoers' attention. "We maybe felt a little ignored, in the mix of 130 other events. ... It was a little frustrating, but understandable."
Knowing that PIFA had dropped $4 million on ads made it more frustrating. "I went to all the marketing meetings, and I was really surprised that millions of dollars were going into marketing this event. They were putting billboards in Paris, France!" says Dinerman. "There was a disconnect between the branding and the hype and the marketing funds going into putting this together the first year and how that money didn't seem to be getting down to the smaller organizations."
"Lee [Annenberg] loved [the idea of a festival] because it had all the things she had always wanted to see for this city," says Ewers. "The collaboration of its arts groups, the spotlight put on the arts in Philadelphia." But, if you were judging it on where the dollars were spent, you might conclude the festival was as much about potential visitors to Philadelphia as it was about Philadelphians. Ewers' goal was to establish PIFA as an international fly-in event, like Scotland's Edinburgh Fringe Festival, but, small point — Philly already had a well-established Fringe Festival.
"You listen to funders complain about duplicating efforts," says Thaddeus Squire, founder of CultureWorks Greater Philadelphia, a consulting group that helps arts nonprofits change to deal with this new, probably permanent economic situation. "FringeArts and Live Arts purports to be the same thing PIFA purports to be, which is: unique, an effort to place Philadelphia on the international map. I'm sure if you talked to [FringeArts president and producing director] Nick Stuccio, he'd say, 'What the hell do you think we've been doing for the last 15 years?'"
(Asked for comment, Stuccio carefully wrote: "It's true that the festival and the incredible artists we present, both from Philadelphia and over 30 countries, are known around the world. ... There have been many contributors to Philadelphia's growing reputation as a city of world-class art. We're really proud of what we've built and that we've played a significant role in developing that reputation.")
By refusing to grant primacy to either the "Philadelphia" or "International" of its name, PIFA hasn't firmly established itself as either.
"It's trying to be this international thing for the city, but it's really trying to solve some problems for the Kimmel Center — which is legitimate. The Kimmel Center's putting it on," says Squire. "[PIFA] has some conflicts internally with its concept: Is it about the Kimmel Center, or is it about the community? It can be about both, but I think the criticisms lobbed at it are, 'Well, what is it about?'"
For a demonstration of the all-inclusive vagueness drawing those criticisms, here's Ewers' minute-and-a-half response to a question about whether PIFA was founded with a specific destination-arts-festival model like Edinburgh or Cannes in mind:
"We did look at all the other festivals to determine how to shape ours, but ours is unique — in the sense that when you look at something like an Edinburgh, everything comes from outside. Whereas this festival puts the spotlight on the arts and culture that Philadelphia has to offer. Because, let's face it, we have an international orchestra in the Philadelphia Orchestra, we have Philadanco, which tours all over the world — those international things are here. And on top of that, of course, we all engage international artists, the Kimmel Center brings in international artists all the time, as does the orchestra, as do many of our other colleagues. And so it is an international festival; it does bring in international artists and it also puts an international spotlight on the arts organizations that exist here. And that uniqueness, I think, is terrific. Mind you, we looked at many other festivals, many of them were biannual; we thought that was a good pattern, so you have enough time to prepare between each festival. We looked at other festivals in terms of size and scope, and we chose what we feel are the best elements of other festivals plus making this uniquely our own."
Ewers is an incredibly canny businesswoman who, since taking the helm of the Kimmel in 2007, has pulled the organization from eight-digit debts to solid profitability. PIFA is her creation through and through — she pitched the idea in her job interview. If she can't give a clear mission statement for it in a minute or less, nobody can.
The time-machine theme of PIFA 2013 is so open-ended as to apparently include anything that happened, or probably happened, or probably will happen, at some point in the past or future — and some even half-ass picking a defensible date. (Trapeze lessons claiming to represent the day in 1965 when the miniskirt was invented, we are looking at you.) Likewise, almost anything would fit into the festival concept Ewers describes — a month of events that simultaneously celebrate a local arts community, internationally touring Philly groups and international acts that visit Philly.
"Pssh," you say, "What about, uh, Savion Glover performing with Justin Guarini?" Joke's on you — that's Saturday night at 8 p.m.
The backdrop for this high-budget, dual-fuzzy-concept festival is a city where the arts are simultaneously thriving and starving.
Take the fate of the Philadelphia Theatre Alliance, which until about a year ago was a major provider of services for the theater community, the most visible being the annual Barrymore Awards. But on April 5, 2012, the board met, examined their charter and concluded that the best thing they could do for the theater community was commit organizational seppuku.
"Competition was getting more and more fierce among the theater companies for grants, and the Theatre Alliance was applying to those very same foundations to support an administrative infrastructure" that wasn't showing results equal to its salary and benefit costs, says Margie Salvante, who was executive director at the time. "There are more theater companies every year, which is great! But there's the same amount or less contributed revenue available." The board voted to dissolve. Responsibilities for services were divided up among member theaters and organizations and a new group, Theatre Philadelphia, that stepped up to help fill the void. "What's important there is that that new organization is volunteer-based," says Salvante.
The past several years have been rougher on Philly's arts sector than cheery headlines about the city's culture boom would lead you to expect. A 2011 Cultural Alliance study of changes between 2007 and 2009 found a couple truly heartening statistics. True to Philadelphians' rep as faithful theater patrons, arts ticket revenues went up 11 percent and individual donations by 20 percent during the recession. But it also found that, if you include investments, revenues fell a horrendous 43 percent, and half of the organizations polled were in the red by the study's end.
In 2007, the RAND Corporation put out a prescient study titled "Arts and Culture in the Metropolis: Strategies for Sustainability" focusing on Philadelphia as a case study. It ends with a list of threats. First: "The region's art sector may outgrow its support base."
"The arts sector in the Philadelphia region depends upon earnings, especially admissions receipts, for about half its total revenues. The two most important drivers of total attendance — population growth and the growth in the number of well-educated residents — have remained stable over the past decade. The arts sector, however, has been growing much more rapidly than either of these two factors." A massive survey of local arts organizations turned up the most frequent complaint: that "large major arts organizations … receive the vast majority of resources. Interviews revealed that many smaller arts organizations were struggling to obtain funding and, in some cases, to survive. ... Indeed, the growth of the arts sector raises questions about its long-term financial sustainability."
"It's basic math: With less to go around every year, many vital community cultural programs no longer make the cut," wrote Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance president Tom Kaiden in a letter to the Inquirer this month about the grants budget of the city's Cultural Fund being cut in half from $3.2 million in 2010 to the $1.6 million that was awarded in small chunks a couple weeks ago. "This status quo is not sustainable. ... Trimming budgets and adopting better management practices can only go so far."
American nonprofit-arts ecosystems have existed outside of the laws of straight capitalism since the Industrial Revolution; they're not the zero-sum games of the free market, everyone competing for a fixed amount of money excreted by a city's foundations, ticket buyers, government and rich people. "It's different in every community, every place I've ever worked," says Ewers. "In Minneapolis, where they have many, many Fortune 500 companies, there's huge amounts of support from the corporate world. In Boston, it was very private and anonymous, very large gifts from individuals."
Philly has historically been blessed with a glut of major arts-funding foundations — Pew, William Penn, Annenberg, Knight — and an arts-loving citizenry that actually responded to the recession by going out to the theater more.
However, both appear to have time limits. Leonore Annenberg's gift of $10 million for PIFA was her last before her death at age 91 in 2009; since then, the Annenberg Foundation has essentially moved to California. Pew does more research in D.C. than straight grant-making these days — plus, last week it announced it was switching to a project-based grant model, a move that in effect will force big established arts nonprofits like the Arden, Opera Philadelphia and the PMA to hustle for grants like everyone else. Then on Monday, the Lenfest Foundation announced it was drastically changing up its plans and would be focusing solely on disadvantaged youth. The William Penn Foundation is now the last big player in the area.
Much more serious for the long term is the Philadelphia School District's view of music and arts programs as disposable in times of trial. In 2006, only a third of District schools had both an art teacher and a music teacher, and things have only gotten worse. The biggest correlation with an adult supporting the arts is if that adult participated in the arts herself as a kid. If the Philadelphia Orchestra isn't pleased with These Kids Today, just wait 20 years for These Kids Tomorrow, the ones who never learned "Twinkle, Twinkle" on the viola.
And it's in the context of those kids of tomorrow that the time machine wedged into the Kimmel Center lobby starts to make sense. Though some of its events can feel a little Popsy and entry-level for a festival devoted to the arts (particularly if you're coming off a Fringe in which you saw a gut-wrenching chamber opera and 15 different sets of genitalia), it's because many are supposed to be just that: entry level. Things like the big street fair, the tons of advertising, the giant spiral thing in the Kimmel lobby and the many family-friendly and free events seem aimed less at pushing the edges of creative expression than at creating new supporters of the arts to match the growth of arts that need supporting. It's thinking about the future.
So what will this city's arts ecosystem look like in 20 years?
Anne Ewers hopes that people value the arts and their economic benefits enough that everyone currently in the funding game — business, government, individual and foundation — steps up their support: "One area where I've been very pleased with our initial efforts — I'd say the area we all need to look at — is the number of large, large companies in the suburbs that are eager for a presence in Center City."
Thaddeus Squire of CultureWorks thinks arts organizations will be supported almost entirely by their audiences: "We'll be less concerned with internationalism and all the insecurities Philadelphia has. We'll create value on a highly local level, and support things on that scale."
Tom Kaiden of the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance sees a shift toward both support and participation coming from a very broad base of everyday Philadelphians: "Increasingly, I think, culture will be woven into the activities in every neighborhood of a city — in fact, I think that's already happening."
But, as that time machine in the Kimmel Center isn't functional yet, we'll all just have to wait and see.
What do you think the arts in Philly will look like in 20 years? Let us know in the comments.
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