text:
Livermore, California
City of Livermore | |
City | |
Location of Livermore within Alameda County, California. |
Coordinates: 37°40′55″N 121°46′05″W / 37.68194°N 121.76806°WCoordinates: 37°40′55″N 121°46′05″W / 37.68194°N 121.76806°W | |
Country | United States |
State | California |
County | Alameda |
Established | 1869 |
Incorporated | April 1, 1876[1] |
Government[6] | |
• Type | Council-Manager |
• Mayor | John Marchand[2] |
• Vice Mayor | Stewart Gary[2] |
• City Manager | Marc Roberts[3] |
• U. S. Congress | Eric Swalwell (D)[4] |
• State Senate | Mark DeSaulnier (D)[5] |
Area[7] | |
• Total | 25.176 sq mi (65.204 km2) |
• Land | 25.173 sq mi (65.198 km2) |
• Water | 0.003 sq mi (0.007 km2) 0.010% |
Elevation[8] | 495 ft (151 m) |
Population (2010)[9] | |
• Total | 80,968 |
• Density | 3,216.5/sq mi (1,241.9/km2) |
Time zone | PST (UTC-8) |
• Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC-7) |
ZIP codes | 94550-94551 |
Area code(s) | 925 |
FIPS code | 06-41992 |
GNIS feature IDs | 277542, 2410848 |
Website | www.cityoflivermore.net |
Livermore (formerly Livermores, Livermore Ranch, and Nottingham)[10] is a city in Alameda County. The estimated population as of 2011 was 82,039. Livermore is located on the eastern edge of California's San Francisco Bay Area.
Livermore was founded by William Mendenhall and named after Robert Livermore, his friend and a local rancher who settled in the area in the 1840s. Livermore is the home of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, for which the chemical element livermorium is named (and thus, placing the city's name in the periodic table).[11] Its south side is home to local vineyards. The city has also redeveloped its downtown district. The city is considered part of the Tri-Valley area, including Amador, Livermore and San Ramon Valleys.
- 1 Geography
- 2 Climate
- 3 History and culture
- 4 Livermore Government
- 5 Livermore Schools
- 6 Livermore Parks and LARPD
- 7 Demographics
- 8 Politics
- 9 World's longest lasting light bulb
- 10 Industry
- 11 Transportation
- 12 Media
- 13 Landmarks
- 14 Notable people
- 15 Sister cities
- 16 References
- 17 Print and film resources on Livermore
- 18 External links
The Livermore Valley is located about 30 miles (48 km) east of and behind the first coastal range of mountains that surround the San Francisco Bay Area. The Livermore Valley has an east-west orientation with mountain passes on the west and east connecting the San Francisco Bay Area and the Central Valley. The passes are used by railroads and highways to connect the San Francisco Bay Area and the Central Valley. Livermore Valley is about 15 miles (24 km) long (east to west), 10 miles (16 km) wide (north to south), and surrounded by California coastal range mountains and foothills.
Watercourses draining the city of Livermore include Arroyo Mocho, Arroyo del Valle, Arroyo Seco and Arroyo Las Positas. The principal aquifer underlying the city is the Mocho Subbasin. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.2 square miles (65 km2), over 99% of it land. Several local seismic areas of activity lie near the city including the Greenville Fault and the Tesla Fault.
The soil is primarily gravel with excellent drainage. The gravel is used in several gravel extraction sites outside the city. The gravely soil and Mediterranean climate increases the flavor concentration in the grapes planted in the soil.
Livermore has a Mediterranean climate,[12] although it is close to a semi-arid climate because of its relatively low annual precipitation. It features with warm to hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters (Köppen climate classification Csa). Summer (June–October) daytime temperatures average in the 75 °F (24 °C) to 85 °F (29 °C) range, but sometimes reach 100 °F (38 °C) and can occasionally approach 110 °F (43 °C). Summer nights, however, are normally much cooler, with lows in the 50 °F (10 °C) to 60 °F (16 °C) range. The valley's passes direct the normal west to east flow of air through the valley. Usually there is a strong evening wind in the summer that brings cool air off the Pacific Ocean into the Livermore valley as it heads towards the much hotter Central Valley. This wind is strong enough with an average summer wind speed of about 9 miles per hour (14 km/h) and predictable enough to make the Livermore hills covered with wind turbines mounted in Altamont pass. The period from June to September is extremely dry and is characterized by clear skies, but in late summer, subtropical moisture occasionally surges into the Livermore Valley, bringing high humidity, monsoon clouds, and, much less commonly, thunderstorms.
Nearly all of the 14.6 inches (370 mm) of annual Livermore rainfall comes in the September to May time period, but about 50% of the days are sunny during this period with no appreciable cloud cover. The peak rainy months are December to March. Most rainstorms are classified as 50% light rain, 32% moderate rain, 11% heavy rain and less than 6% thunder showers.[13] The coldest months are December and January, with a mean high of about 56 °F (13 °C) and a low of about 38 °F (3 °C) with some occasional frost possible on clear mornings. The temperature can drop to as low as 20 °F (−7 °C) to 25 °F (−4 °C) range on an exceptionally cold night. Snow is very rare, but light dustings do occur on the surrounding hills and occasionally in the valley.
The record high temperature is 115 °F (46 °C), recorded on September 3, 1950, and the record low temperature is 18 °F (−8 °C), recorded on January 5, 1961 and December 9, 1972.[14]
Climate data for Livermore, California (1903-2013) | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 77 (25) |
80 (27) |
88 (31) |
96 (36) |
108 (42) |
113 (45) |
113 (45) |
112 (44) |
113 (45) |
106 (41) |
93 (34) |
79 (26) |
113 (45) |
Average high °F (°C) | 56.8 (13.8) |
61.2 (16.2) |
65.2 (18.4) |
70.5 (21.4) |
76.4 (24.7) |
83.1 (28.4) |
89.0 (31.7) |
88.2 (31.2) |
86.0 (30) |
77.7 (25.4) |
66.3 (19.1) |
57.5 (14.2) |
73.2 (22.9) |
Average low °F (°C) | 36.7 (2.6) |
39.4 (4.1) |
41.3 (5.2) |
43.6 (6.4) |
47.6 (8.7) |
51.7 (10.9) |
54.2 (12.3) |
54.0 (12.2) |
52.5 (11.4) |
47.7 (8.7) |
41.1 (5.1) |
37.0 (2.8) |
45.6 (7.6) |
Record low °F (°C) | 18 (−8) |
21 (−6) |
22 (−6) |
29 (−2) |
32 (0) |
38 (3) |
36 (2) |
36 (2) |
35 (2) |
29 (−2) |
22 (−6) |
18 (−8) |
18 (−8) |
Precipitation inches (mm) | 2.97 (75.4) |
2.47 (62.7) |
2.15 (54.6) |
1.00 (25.4) |
.44 (11.2) |
.11 (2.8) |
.02 (0.5) |
.04 (1) |
.22 (5.6) |
.67 (17) |
1.54 (39.1) |
2.56 (65) |
14.19 (360.3) |
Avg. precipitation days (≥ .01 in) | 10 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 58 |
Avg. rainy days (≥ .1 in) | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 34 |
Source: [15] |
History and culture[edit]
Before its incorporation in 1796 under the Franciscan Mission San Jose, located in what is now the southern part of Fremont, California, the Livermore area was home to some of the Ohlone (or Costanoan) native people. Each mission had two to three friars and a contingent of up to five soldiers to help keep order in the Mission and to help control the Indians. Like most Indians in California, the Indians in the vicinity of Mission San Jose were mostly coerced into joining the Mission San José (California) where they were taught Spanish, the Catholic religion, singing, construction, agricultural trades and herding--the Native Californian Indians originally had no agriculture and no domestic animals except dogs. Other Indian tribes were coerced into other adjacent Missions. The Mission Indians were restricted to the Mission grounds where they lived in sexually segregated "barracks" that they built themselves with Padre instruction. The population of all California Missions plunged steeply as new diseases ravaged the Mission Indian populations--they had almost no immunities to these "new to them" diseases and death rates over 50% were not uncommon.[16] The Livermore-Amador Valley after 1800 to about 1837 was primarily used as grazing land for some of the Mission San Jose's growing herds of mission cattle, sheep and horses. The herds grew wild with no fences and were culled about once a year for cow hides and tallow--essentially the only money making products produced in California then. The dead animals were left to rot or feed the California grizzly bears which then roamed California. The secularization and closure of the California missions, as demanded by the government of Mexico, from 1834 to 1837 transferred the land and property the Missions claimed on the California coast (about 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) per mission) to about 600 extensive Ranchos of California. After the Missions were dissolved, most of the surviving Indians went to work on the new ranchos raising crops and herding animals where they were given room and board, a few clothes and usually no pay for the work they did--the same as they had had while working in the Missions. Some Indians joined or re-joined some of the few surviving tribes.
The about 48,000 acres (19,000 ha) Rancho Las Positas grant, which includes most of Livermore, was made to rancher Robert Livermore and Jose Noriega in 1839.[17][18] Most land grants were given with little or no cost to the recipients. Robert Livermore (1799-1858)[19] was a British citizen who had jumped from a British merchant sailing ship stopping in Monterey, California, in 1822. He became a naturalized Mexican citizen who had converted to Catholicism in 1823 as was required for citizenship and legal residence. After working for a number of years as a majordomo (ranch foreman), Robert Livermore married on 5 May 1838 the widow Maria Josefa de Jesus Higuera (1815–1879), daughter of Jose Loreto Higuera grantee of Rancho Los Tularcitos, at the Mission San José. (The Livermore chapter of the Daughter's of the American Revolution is named the Josefa Higuera Livermore Chapter.[20]). Robert Livermore. after he got his rancho in 1839, was as interested in viticulture and horticulture as he was in cattle and horses despite the fact that about the only source of income was the sale of cow hides and tallow. (Read: Two Years Before the Mast[21] for a first hand description of California in the 1840s.) In the early 1840s he moved his family to the Livermore valley to his new rancho as the second non-Indian family to settle in the Livermore valley area and after building a home he was the first in the area in 1846 to direct the planting of vineyards and orchards of pears and olives. Typical of most early rancho dwellings the first building on his ranch was an adobe on Las Positas Creek near the western end of today's Las Positas Road. After the Americans took control of California in 1847 and gold was discovered in 1848 he started making money by selling California longhorn cattle to the thousands of hungry California gold rush miners who soon arrived. The non-Indian population exploded and cattle were suddenly worth much more than the $1.00-$3.00 their hides could bring. With his new wealth and with goods flooding into newly rich California, in 1849 Livermore bought a two-story "Around the Horn" disassembled house that had been shipped about 18,000 miles (29,000 km) on a sailing ship around Cape Horn from the east coast. Its believed to be the first wooden building in the Livermore tri-valley.
During the California Gold Rush, Livermore's ranch became a popular "first day" stopping point for prospectors and businessmen leaving San Francisco or San Jose and headed for Sacramento, California, and the Mother Lode gold country. Most horse traffic went by way of Altamont Pass just east of Livermore. Robert Livermore was a very accommodating host and welcomed nearly all that stopped by with lodging and meals.
Robert Livermore died in 1858 and was buried at Mission San Jose before the establishment of the town that bears his name. His ranch included much of the present-day city. The city of Livermore, named in honor of Robert Livermore, was established in 1869 by William Mendenhall,[22] who had first met Robert Livermore while marching through the valley with John C. Fremont's California Battalion in 1846 as they were recruited to occupy the surrendering Californio towns captured by the U.S. Navy's Pacific Squadron.
California became the 31st state in 1850 when California's non-Indian population jumped from about 8,000 in 1846 to about 120,000 in 1850 as shown in a corrected 1850 U.S. California Census.[23] California had enough population and enough wealth in 1850 that they by-passed the territorial status of most other states and were allowed to more or less choose their own (large) boundaries.
The Livermore Ranch post office, in Robert Livermore's home, operated from 1851 to 1853.[10] The first significant settlement of Livermore was Laddsville, on what's now Junction Avenue, which grew up around the hotel established by Alphonso Ladd in 1864. The official U.S. post office in Livermore opened in 1869.[10] The original Western Pacific Railroad Company in 1869 built its railroad connection from Oakland, California, to Sacramento, California, over the nearby Altamont Pass in the east and Niles Canyon on the west with a stop in Livermore on land donated by William M. Mendenhall. This made Livermore a "railroad"[24] town and greatly accelerated town growth. The population of Livermore in 1869, before the railroad arrived, is thought to have been about 75[25] By 1870 the Western Pacific had been absorbed by the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the first transcontinental railroad. Central Pacific was later acquired by the Southern Pacific Railroad and then the Union Pacific Railroad which owns the tracks through town today, although these are primarily the tracks of the "second" Western Pacific Railroad that was founded in 1903 and absorbed into the UP in 1983.
Private grade schools were operating in Livermore from the 1860s on. The Livermore Collegiate Institute was founded in 1870 and the Union high school (later called Livermore High) in 1896 graduated its first class of students. Petroleum was discovered near Livermore and become a valuable asset. Extensive coal deposits were mined near Corral Hollow by the Livermore Coal Company. In September 1871 Laddsville mostly burned down and the people rebuilt their homes and businesses nearer the railroad in what is now downtown Livermore. Until 1875 the townspeople enjoyed bull fights in a small bullring on many Sundays and on other occasions a captured grizzly bear might be pitted against a longhorn bull. Apparently, roping a grizzly was thought then to be a great sport. As the town grew there were a fire company, churches, a bank and a library that were formed by 1876. Livermore was officially incorporated by the state as a city on April 15, 1876. During Livermore's early years, it was also quite well known for large hotels that graced the downtown street corners, before new buildings replaced them. Livermore after the 1880s is also notable for the Wente Vineyards, Concannon Vineyard, Cresta Blanca Winery and Livermore's many other wineries. Since it has a Mediterranean climate, gravely soil, warm days and cool nights it was a good location to grow wine grapes. By 1880 the extensive winter wheat and hay crop lands were being replaced by vineyards. Extensive chromite deposits were found and exploited for a time. In 1885 the Remillard Brick Company was producing an extensive line of bricks and employing over 100 men. A telephone line connected Livermore to Arroyo Valley by 1886 and electric lights were introduced by 1889. By 1890 Livermore had over 20 miles (32 km) of streets.[26] Livermore originally had a Boot Hill called the Old Knoll Cemetery.[27]
In 1909 the Livermore Carnegie Library and Park opened after taking advantage of a Carnegie Library grant donated by Andrew Carnegie. As the city grew and larger libraries were needed other libraries were built and the original site was converted into a historic center[28] and park.
In 1942, the U. S. government bought 692 acres (280 ha) of ranch land, bounded by Vasco and Greenville roads and East Avenue, and built the Livermore Naval Air Station. The primary mission of the base was to train Navy pilots. This facility operated until it was decommissioned in 1946 after the end of World War II. On 5 January 1951, the Bureau of Yards and Docks, U.S. Navy, formally transferred the former NAS Livermore in its entirety to the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) for use by the University of California's Radiation Laboratory. In 1952, the government established Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), named after famous physicist Ernest O. Lawrence, as the site of a second laboratory for the study of nuclear energy like the research being done at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The laboratory was run by the University of California. Edward Teller was a co-founder of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and was both its director and associate director for many years.[29] In 1956, the California campus of Sandia National Laboratories opened up across East Avenue from LLNL. Both LLNL and Sandia are technically on U.S. government property just outside the city's jurisdiction limits but with employment at LLNL at about 6,800 and Sandia/California at about 1,150 they are Livermore's largest employers.
For pictures of early Livermore, check the Livermore Heritage Guild[30] photo site[31]
Livermore's culture retains some vestiges of the farming, wine growing and ranching traditions that have existed in the valley since the time of Robert Livermore, but now largely reflects a suburban population. Early in June since 1918 Livermore has hosted the Livermore Rodeo,[32] called the "World's Fastest Rodeo," that claims it has more riders per hour than any other event of its type. There are several wine tasting tours of the many Livermore area wineries that occur periodically throughout the summer.
This culture was documented in the photoessay Suburbia in 1973 by then native photographer Bill Owens, with the photos shown in numerous exhibits.[33] Livermore has a strong blue-collar element, as well as many professionals who work at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and other work sites in the high tech industries within the Bay Area. Recent housing development has included the addition of hundreds of million dollar homes set among the southside's vineyards as well as a multi-million dollar renovation of the downtown area. The downtown renovations included office buildings, the Livermore Cinemas, the Bankhead Theatre[34] and a multistory parking structure for the new businesses, Railway station, Bankhead Theatre, restaurants, etc.. At the Livermore Civic Center off S. Livermore Ave there is a state-of-the-art library (with a controversial front mosaic[35] by Maria Alquilar) that opened in 2004.
Livermore has a municipal Las Positas Golf Course, Springtown 9 hole Golf Course as well as the 18 hole Poppy Ridge Golf and the 18 hole Wente Vineyards Course near the city.[36] It has a regional municipal airport (LVK)[37] accessible to business jets which serves the whole tri-valley area. The city is home to Bay Area Rosal, a professional indoor soccer team. Each summer Livermore has a farmer's market which bring farm fresh produce directly to the consumer.
In 2010, proposed projects included extension of BART high-speed rail system to Livermore with an underground downtown station and a regional performing arts center between Livermore Avenue and L Street.[38]
Arts organizations supported by the city include the Livermore-Amador Symphony, Del Valle Fine Arts, producer of classical music events, and in the valley at large, the Valley Concert Chorale, Livermore Valley Opera, the Valley Dance Theatre, a classical ballet company and the Livermore Art Association, many world class artists are represented.
There are over fifty different places to worship in Livermore.[39]
Camp Wonder opened its first summer camp for children with special medical needs in Livermore in 2001.
One of the largest districts in Livermore is Springtown, the northeast area of the city north of Interstate 580. Originally conceived as a retirement community in the early 1960s, Springtown has many of the city's hotels and a public golf course.
The downtown area or central district has two movie theaters, a community theater, and space for open air concerts. The North Livermore district is north of the Union Pacific Railroad that cuts through downtown. The South Livermore district, which includes a lot of unincorporated land, has over 40 wineries.
Livermore Government[edit]
Livermore City Budget FY 2013-14[40] |
General Fund Operating Budget | $ 76,472,540 |
All Other Funds Operating Budget | $123,213,745 |
Sub-total Operating Budgets | $199,686,285 |
Capital Improvement Program | $ 44,907,470 |
---------------------------------------------- | --------------- |
Total All Funds Budget | $244,593,755 |
Livermore is run by a Council–manager government with a four member City Council[41] elected for four years plus a two year elected mayor and a "professional" City Manager. The council meets at 7 p.m. the second and fourth Mondays of each month at Council Chambers, 3575 Pacific Ave., Livermore. Twice a month they hear citizen input and presumably relay this information to the City manager who actually runs the city day to day. John Marchand (Mayor), Stewart Gary (Vice Mayor), Doug Horner, Laureen Turner and Bob Woerner are the present city council members. The Mayor is paid $1,400 per month and the other council members are paid $980 per month. In addition they are eligible for a $90 per month cell phone allotment and health care benefits up to a maximum of $2,119/month plus other city paid insurance and retirement contributions to CaLPERS or PARS ARS of which the city pays 18% or 1.3% of their salary respectively.
The City Manager, Marc Roberts, was nominally hired by the city council for a five year term and can, in principle, be fired by them if needed. Marc Roberts is paid a salary of $196,320/year with about $64,500/year medical, insurance and retirement benefits paid by the city. The City Manager has a staff of five to assist him.
The City Attorney, John Pomidor is hired by the city council and generally handles all legal matters for the city, from traffic tickets to civil lawsuits to acting as a general counsel, giving legal advice for city departments. Pomidor is paid a salary of $186,593 /year with medical, insurance and retirement benefits of about $62,600 per year paid by the city. The City attorney has a staff of 7.5 FTE to assist him.
Unions and Bargaining units representing the 451 Livermore City Employees[42]
- Livermore Management Group
- Municipal Employees' Agency for Negotiation (MEAN)
- Police Management
- Police Officers Association
- Livermore-Pleasanton Firefighters (IAFF)
Nearly all have their own Union agreements and retirement systems which in general cost at least city paid: $7,500 per year for health benefits,life and AD&D insurance, short and long term disability Insurance, 1.45% medicare, 18.1% of salary contribution for retirement benefits which can be used at age 55 at a rate of 2.7% times years of service time salary or 3.0% times years of service times salary at age 50 for police officers, 100% of health insurance paid after retirement with 25 or more years of service, tuition and 75% text book reimbursement, uniform allowance, 80–192 hours of vacation per year, 12 paid holidays per year, etc.[43]
Livermore Police Department[edit]
The Livermore Police Department, or the LPD,[44] was established in 1876, at that time the only law enforcement agency in the San Francisco Bay Area besides the San Francisco Police Department. The Livermore Police Department has 135 members including 83 sworn officers and 45 nonsworn full-time personnel who operate on a $25 million budget each year. The police department has two divisions: operations and support. The current chief of police is Michael Harris. In July 2008, the LPD opened its first substation in New Downtown Livermore, known as the Central Station or Downtown Office. The main police station is located in the City Hall center at 1052 S. Livermore Ave. The Livermore Police Department Dispatch Center employs 18 public safety dispatchers with one supervising public safety dispatcher that are on duty 24/7 to handle 911 emergency calls.
Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department[edit]
The Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department provides fire and advanced life support services to the cities of Livermore and Pleasanton. It serves an estimated population of 150,000 (Including 78,000 in Livermore, and 71,000 in Pleasanton) over 44 square miles (114 km2) (23 square miles (60 km2) in Livermore, and 21 square miles (54 km2) in Pleasanton) with an operating budget of $28,000,000. In 2008 the LPFD responded to approximately 11,000 calls for service. The International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) Local 1974 represents its 112 members.
Livermore Schools[edit]
Public Schools[edit]
The government run public schools in Livermore are part of the Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District (LVJUSD) with headquarters at 685 East Jack London Blvd.
The District has 11 elementary (K-5 and K-8) schools, 3 middle (6-8) schools, 2 comprehensive high schools and 3 alternative high schools. As of the 2012-2013 school year, the public school superintendent is Kelly Bowers who was hired by the elected school board in 2010.
The five members of the Board of Education are elected to alternating four year terms by the voters of the community. Each December, the board reorganizes itself by selecting a board president and clerk of the board. The president of the board (2013) is Bill Dunlop. Anne White is the clerk of the board, while Chuck Rogge, Kate Runyon and Thomas McLaughlin are board members. They hold regular public meetings on the first and third Tuesday of the month at 7:30 p.m. in the School Board Room at 685 East Jack London Blvd.
- Elementary Schools
- Altamont Creek[45]
- Arroyo Seco, a K–5[46]
- Emma C. Smith Elementary[47]
- Leo R. Croce (K-5)[48]
- Jackson Avenue Elementary[49]
- Marylin Avenue Elementary School[50]
- Rancho Las Positas Elementary[51]
- Sunset Elementary[52]
- Middle
- High Schools
- Livermore High School, established in 1891 as California's first union high school[58]
- Granada High School, Livermore's second high school[59]
- Alternative Schools Accountability Model (ASAM) Schools
- Del Valle and Phoenix Continuation High Schools, two schools sharing one building since 2004[60]
- Vineyard High School, an alternative independent study school[61]
- Adult Education
- Livermore Adult School 1401 Almont Ave Livermore, Ca[62]
Other schools[edit]
- Pre-Schools and Day Care
Livermore has about 30 pre-schools and day care centers.[63][64]
- Charter schools
There are two charter schools in Livermore, one K-8 and one high school, both operated by the Tri-Valley Learning Corporation, a local 501(c)3 not-for-profit organization formed by the parents and teachers who founded the two charter schools.
- Livermore Valley Charter School (LVCS) - a K-8 public school[65]
- Livermore Valley Charter Preparatory (LVCP) - a high school
Private schools
- Our Savior Lutheran School (OSLS)[66]
- St. Michael's Elementary and Middle Catholic School[67]
- Valley Montessori[68]
Colleges and universities
The Hertz Foundation for scholarships is based in Livermore.
Livermore Parks and LARPD[edit]
The Livermore Area Recreation and Park District (LARPD) is a special independent, (non-profit 501(c) organization), park district that was created by the vote of the public in 1947 and runs the parks and other facilities in the city of Livermore and most of the unincorporated areas of eastern Alameda county. LARPD operates 42 facilities,[71] including neighborhood, special use, community and regional parks and sport fields, a family campground at South Lake Tahoe, the Ravenswood Historic Site, The Barn, the Veterans Building, the Carnegie Building, the Bothwell Recreation Center and the new Robert Livermore Community Center. LARPD runs the May Nissen Community Park and Swim Center[72] at 685 Rincon Ave and is open to swimmers with a $0.25 admission price from mid-June through end of August—closed Sundays. May Nissan Park includes a tot lot, group picnic area, barbecue pits, picnic tables, preschool, basketball court, restrooms, horseshoe pits, softball areas, tennis courts, 2 swimming pools, and a dog park.
Brushy Peak Regional Preserve, located near Livermore, is jointly operated by the Livermore Area Recreation and Park District and the East Bay Regional Park District.
The extensive gravel deposits around Livermore have led to extensive gravel extraction that is still on-going. Shadow Cliffs Park along Stanley Blvd west of Livermore is a popular 266 acres (108 ha) park that includes a 80 acres (32 ha) lake in an old Kaiser Industries gravel pit and is used extensively today for swimming, boating, and fishing.[73][74]
Del Valle Regional Park, 10 miles (16 km) south of Livermore, is centered around a lake 5 miles (8.0 km) miles long with all kinds of water-oriented recreation. Parking/Entrance Fee is $6 per vehicle and $4 more per trailered boat. The park opens at 6 AM in the summer and 7 AM in the winter. It has approximately 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of oak-covered hills that can be used for hiking, horseback riding, and nature study. The lake is used by sailboats, sailboards and fishing boats as well as recreational swimmers. Del Valle Park has the eastern gateway to the Ohlone Wilderness Trail, 28 miles (45 km)miles of scenic back country trail. The Del Valle Family Campground has 150 sites, 21 of them with water and sewage, and electrical hook-ups. Picnicking sites are available.[75]
LARPD operates parks and facilities of 1,842 acres (745 ha), with 1,432 acres (580 ha) open space. It runs an extensive selection of classes on a wide variety of subjects. LARPD has its own, five-person Board of Directors[76] that is elected by the citizens to staggered four year terms and meets at 7 p.m. on the second and last Wednesday of each month inside the Cresta Blanca Ballroom at the Robert Livermore Community Center, 4444 East Ave. They are paid $100/meeting with a maximum of $500/month. The General Manager of LARPD is Timothy Barry—selected by the board and paid $137,160/yr plus unspecified benefits including Alameda County retirement plan (ACERA) with 29.13% of LARPD salary contribution rate to a well paid retirement plan.[77] In addition, there are 13 paid holidays, vacation, sick leave, medical, dental, life insurance, etc. adding about $55,000/yr in benefits to the General Manager's salary.[78][79] The organization and facilities are extensive[80] and LARPD hires many part-time workers (up to about 430 at peak times) from Park Rangers to referees in its extensive programs and classes with a permanent staff of about 63.[81][82] The 2012-2013 operating budget of LARPD is $16,393,564 plus a capital budget of $3,870,971. Their source of operating income is property taxes, user fees, charges and grants. Unfortunately, the state has cut down on their share of property taxes as the state re-allocate more to itself and their never ending fiscal crisis's. LARPD serves an area that encompasses about 115,000 people.
Historical population | |||
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1880 | 855 |
1890 | 1,391 | 62.7% | |
1900 | 1,493 | 7.3% | |
1910 | 2,030 | 36.0% | |
1920 | 1,916 | −5.6% | |
1930 | 3,119 | 62.8% | |
1940 | 2,885 | −7.5% | |
1950 | 4,364 | 51.3% | |
1960 | 16,058 | 268.0% | |
1970 | 37,703 | 134.8% | |
1980 | 48,349 | 28.2% | |
1990 | 56,741 | 17.4% | |
2000 | 73,345 | 29.3% | |
2010 | 80,968 | 10.4% | |
Est. 2011 | 82,039 | 1.3% | |
2011 estimate |
U.S. 2010 Census[edit]
Demographic profile 2010 Census[83] |
Total Population | 80,968 | 100.0% |
One Race | 76,635 | 94.6% |
American Indian and Alaska Native alone | 251 | 0.3% |
Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander alone | 231 | 0.3% |
Black or African American alone | 1,562 | 1.9% |
White alone | 52,397 | 64.7% |
Asian alone | 6,643 | 8.2% |
Some other race alone | 202 | 0.2% |
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 16,920 | 20.9% |
The 2010 United States Census[84] reported that Livermore had a population of 80,968. The population density was 3,216.1 people per square mile (1,241.8/km²). The census reported that (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 389 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 121 (0.1%) were institutionalized.
According to the latest census information, Livermore is the third wealthiest midsize (between 65,000 and 249,999 people) city in the nation. In 2005, the median household income in Livermore was $96,632, which ranked it the third highest income midsize city, just behind number two Newport Beach, CA ($97,428) and Livermore's top-ranked western neighbor, Pleasanton, CA ($101,022).[85]
There were 29,134 households, out of which 11,238 (38.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 17,058 (58.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,834 (9.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,407 (4.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,584 (5.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 206 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. The population age profile was spread out with 20,636 people (25.5%) under the age of 18, 6,176 people (7.6%) aged 18 to 24, 22,530 people (27.8%) aged 25 to 44, 23,284 people (28.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 8,342 people (10.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.3 years. For every 100 females there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males. Of 5,997 households (20.6%) were made up of individuals and 2,099 (7.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76. There were 21,299 families (73.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.19. There were 30,342 housing units at an average density of 1,205.2 per square mile (465.3/km²), of which 20,399 (70.0%) were owner-occupied, and 8,735 (30.0%) were occupied by renters.
The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.8%. 56,967 people (70.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 23,491 people (29.0%) lived in rental housing units.
Livermore has 48,709 registered voters with 33.4% Republicans, 39.6% Democrats, and 18.5% Decline to State voters. Moderate candidates are normally elected.[86]
In the state legislature, Livermore is in the 7th Senate District, represented by Democrat Mark DeSaulnier,[5] and in the 16th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Joan Buchanan.[87]
Federally, Livermore is in California's 15th congressional district, represented by Democrat Eric Swalwell.[4]
World's longest lasting light bulb[edit]
The city is noted for one world record. A 110+ year old 4-watt light bulb, called the Centennial Light, housed in the Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department main station, is still burning. It glows dimly, but still functions as a light bulb.[88] The Guinness Book of World Records, Ripley's Believe It or Not, and General Electric have concluded that the bulb has been burning continuously since 1901 with the exception of power failures and three times it was disconnected for moves to new stations. The light bulb was manufactured by the Shelby Electric Company and was hand blown with a carbon filament.
The Livermore area is the home of two DOE National Laboratories. The laboratories are known worldwide, and attract significant attention both for their scientific research and for their major roles in developing the United States nuclear arsenal.
The largest employer in Livermore is the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), a federally funded research and development center funded by the Department of Energy which is operated by a limited liability consortium named Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS), a joint venture company of Bechtel National, the University of California, BWX Technologies, URS, and Battelle. The lab is the location of the IBM Sequoia supercomputer. The lab was the co-discoverers of new superheavy elements 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, and 118. The chemical element with atomic number 116, previously known as ununhexium, was given the name livermorium, after the laboratory, in 2012.
LLNL is the location of the world's most powerful laser, the National Ignition Facility (NIF), a project designed to create the first sustained, controlled nuclear fusion reaction, which would generate fusion power, a potential energy source.
Livermore is also the California site of Sandia National Laboratories, which is operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin owned Company.
The two National Laboratories, along with other stakeholders, including the University of California, Berkeley, UC Davis, and regional cities, partnered to create the i-GATE (Innovation for Green Advanced Transportation Excellence) National Energy Systems Technology (NEST) Incubator. The 15,000-square-foot (1,400 m2) i-GATE NEST campus was created to stimulate large-scale, high-tech business development around the two labs. Initial focus of the campus will be solar energy, fuel cells, biofuels, LED lighting, and other related technologies.[89][90]
One of California's oldest wine regions, the Livermore Valley American Viticultural Area (AVA) played a pivotal role in shaping California's wine industry. In the 1840s, California pioneers looking for outstanding vineyard sites began planting grapes in the region. Robert Livermore planted the first commercial vines in the 1840s. After California joined the union as the 32nd state in 1850, pioneer winemakers C. H. Wente, a first-generation immigrant from Germany,[91] (founder of Wente Vineyards), James Concannon, a first generation Irishman,[92] (founder of Concannon Vineyard), and Charles Wetmore, a Portland Maine born American and pioneer of California,[93] (founder of Cresta Blanca Winery) recognized the area's winegrowing potential and bought land, planted grapes and founded their wineries in the 1880s.[94] Charles Wetmore went to France in 1878 when he was appointed a delegate for the California Viticultural Association to the Paris Exposition. Charles was able in 1882 to obtain Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscat de Bordelais cuttings from one of the most prestigious vineyards in France, Chateau Yquem. These superior strains helped revitalize the California wine industry. In 1889 Charles won the grand prize for his first pressing (1884) in the 1889 Paris Exposition. Charles shared these cuttings with other growers including C. H. Wente who used the Chateau Yquem grape cuttings to eventually produce their Chateau Wente wine.
Top employers[edit]
The top employers in the city of Livermore are:[95]
# | Employer | # of Employees |
1 | Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District (LVJUSD) | 1200+ |
2 | Kaiser Foundation Hospitals | 787 |
3 | US Foods | 640 |
4 | Comcast | 596 |
5 | City of Livermore[96] | 451 |
6 | Livermore Area Recreation Park District (LARPD)[97] | 450 (60 full-time) |
7 | Activant | 307 |
8 | Harris Rebar | 273 |
9 | Topcon | 255 |
10 | Costco | 244 |
11 | Lam Research‡ | 232 |
12 | Target | 223 |
13 | Wal-Mart | 223 |
Livermore's largest employers, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with about 6,800 employees and Sandia National Laboratory with 1,150 employees are U.S. government owned facilities located just outside the city and are not included.
Interstate 580 is Livermore's primary east-west six lane freeway. I-580 that passes the outskirts of Livermore before it heads east through the Altamont Pass to the Central Valley and Interstate 5. I-580 and I-5 are the main route of San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles, California truck shipping traffic. Interstate 680, lies about 10 miles (16 km) west of Livermore. Highway 84 heads southwest from I-580 to Fremont. Vasco Road, an unnumbered highway that is maintained by Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, connects Livermore to Brentwood, California and the Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta area.
Livermore Municipal Airport (LVK)[99] is located three miles northwest of Livermore and is a Division of the Public Works Department and is owned and operated by the City of Livermore. They are the main airport in the Livermore tri-valley area. Approximately 600 aircraft are based on Livermore Airport, which has over 150,000 annual aircraft landings and take-offs and sells over 650,000 gallons of aviation fuel each year. The Airport serves private, business, and corporate tenants and customers. The airport covers about 650-acre airport near the Water Reclamation Plant and the Las Positas Golf Course. The main lighted runway is 5,250 ft long and the second runway, unlighted, built in 1985, is 2,700 ft long and is used mainly for training.[100] There is a 2,400 sq ft Terminal building and about 400 aircraft storage hangar units as well as a large corporate-style hangar building containing about 20,000 sq ft of space. The airfield is accessible 24 hours a day and is attended by city employees during the hours listed under "Airport Services". The manned Air Traffic Control Tower is operated by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) employees daily from 7:00 A.M. until 9:00 P.M. There is an open airshow which is held annually on the first Saturday of October from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM showing vintage World War-II aircraft and other displays.
The WHEELS bus system operates in Livermore, Pleasanton, Dublin, California and the surrounding unincorporated areas of Alameda County. It has connections to Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Stations located in Dublin and Pleasanton. For details on routes, times, schedules see:[101]
Livermore has two stations for the Altamont Commuter Express (ACE), a commuter train which runs from Stockton to San Jose area. One station is at Vasco Road, and the other in downtown Livermore at its Transit Center. The Transit center has a free multistory parking garage and connections to the WHEELS bus system.
There is a petition drive to bring the Bay Area Rapid Transit system to Livermore.The group that started the petition was founded by the former mayor of Dublin, Linda Jeffery Sailors, who was successful in extending BART to Dublin/Pleasanton, currently the closest station to Livermore.[102] If BART does come to Livermore, the system would connect to the ACE Train.
Radio station KKIQ is licensed in Livermore and broadcasts in the Tri-City area.
Livermore has five landmarks listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Bank of Italy Building, the Hagemann Ranch Historic District, the D. J. Murphy House, the Livermore Carnegie Library and Park and Ravenswood Historic Site.
Notable people[edit]
- Mikkel Aaland, digital photographer
- Louie Aguiar, American football player
- Kristin Allen, gymnast
- Michael Rodrigues, gymnast
- Max Baer, boxer
- Conrad Bain (1923-2013), actor
- Bob Beers, Nevada State senator
- Ben Bodé, actor
- Harold Brown, Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Secretary of Defense
- Bryn Davies, musician
- Mark Davis, Major League Baseball pitcher
- Troy Dayak, soccer player, San Jose Earthquakes Hall of Fame inductee
- James DePaiva, actor
- Matt Finders, trombonist
- Duane Glinton, Turks & Caicos Islands football midfielder
- Martin Harrison American football defensive end for the San Francisco 49ers, Minnesota Vikings and Seattle Seahawks, active 1990-1999
- Brian Johnson, soccer player
- Randy Johnson, (Livermore High 1982), Major League Baseball pitcher for the Montreal Expos, Seattle Mariners, Houston Astros, Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Yankees, and San Francisco Giants, active 1988-2009
- Tara Kemp, singer
- M Pepper Langlinais, author/screenwriter
- Robert Livermore, town namesake (died before the city was named and incorporated)
- Hans Mark, Physicist and National Reconnaissance Office Director
- Ralph Merkle, Pioneer in modern cryptography
- George H. Miller (physicist), Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Bill Mooneyham, Major League Baseball pitcher for the Oakland A's
- Erwin Mueller, basketball player with the Chicago Bulls, LA Lakers, and Seattle SuperSonics in the 1960s and the Detroit Pistons in the 1970s
- Bill Owens, photographer of Livermore's suburbs, in the book Suburbia
- Danny Payne, soccer player
- Ignatius Piazza Firearms Trainer
- Jean Quan, Mayor of Oakland
- James Wesley Rawles Best-selling novelist
- Judith Merkle Riley, author
- Shelby Robertson, artist
- Bobby Rock, rock drummer
- Bryan Shaw, Major League Baseball pitcher
- Jon Stebbins, author
- Brad Stisser, soccer player
- Edward Teller, Physicist, Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Erick Threets, Major League Baseball player
- Jack Trudeau, American football player
- Clifford E. Vargas, creator of Circus Vargas
- Tim Weaver, soccer player
- Jill Whelan, actress
- Herb York, Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Sister cities[edit]
Livermore has four sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:[103]
- HM Fort Roughs, Principality of Sealand
- Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
- Yotsukaido, Japan
- Snezhinsk, Russia
- ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date" (Word). California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
- ^ a b "City Council". City of Livermore. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- ^ "City Manager's Office". City of Livermore. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- ^ a b "California's 15th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
- ^ a b "Senators". State of California. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
- ^ "City Government". City of Livermore Official Web Site. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- ^ U.S. Census
- ^ "City of Livermore". Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey.
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b c Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Quill Driver Books. p. 655. ISBN 9781884995149.
- ^ [2]
- ^ Average Livermore weather [3] accessed 20 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore rainfall probabilities [4] accessed 20 Apr 2013
- ^ http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca8353
- ^ http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca4997
- ^ Mission Indian life[5] accessed 15 Jul 2013
- ^ Map of Rancho Los Positas [6] accessed 28 Mar 2013
- ^ There is conflicting information as to the size of Livermore and Noreiga's grant. The 1884 California surveyors report lists 8,880 acres as being approved--this is probably what the Livermore family ended up with of their original grant when it was finally patented 1872. The rancho map (circa 1840?) seems to show a larger grant than 8,880 acres. [7] accessed 28 Mar 2013
- ^ Robert Livermore Picture [8] accessed 28 Mar 2013
- ^ Josefa Higuera Livermore Chapter[9] accessed 15 Jul 2013
- ^ Two Years Before the Mast free eBook [10] accessed 25 Mar 2013
- ^ William Mendenhall [11] accessed 28 Mar 2013
- ^ "Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789–1945"; The California U.S. Census of 1850 showed 92,597 residents. To this should be added residents from San Francisco, (the largest city in the state) Santa Clara, and Contra Costa counties whose censuses were burned up or lost and not included in the totals. Newspaper accounts in 1850 (Alta Californian) gives the population of San Francisco at 21,000; The special California state Census of 1852 finds 6,158 residents of Santa Clara county and 2,786 residents of Contra Costa County. The corrected California U.S. 1850 Census is over 120,000. See: U.S. Seventh Census 1850: California [12] Accessed 14 April 2011
- ^ CPRR railroad history [13] access 28 Mar 2013
- ^ Baker, Joseph Eugene; Past and present of Alameda County, California, Volume 1;p.441;[14]
- ^ Baker, Joseph Eugene; Past and present of Alameda County, California, Volume 1;p.442;[15]
- ^ http://www.daffodil.org/ncds/dafvistas.htm
- ^ Livermore Heritage Guild site [16] accessed 28 Mar 2013
- ^ Livermore Naval Air Station Website. Accessed July 2, 2011
- ^ Livermore Heritage Guild [17] accessed 3 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore Heritage Guild photo site [18] accessed 3 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore Rodeo
- ^ suburbia by bill owens
- ^ Bankhead Theatre [19] accessed 28 Mar 2013
- ^ "Miami Muralist Embroiled In Mosaic Misspelling Mess". WPLG. 2004-10-07. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ [20] accessed 28 Mar 2013
- ^ Livermore Municipal Airport (LVK)[21] accessed 28 Mar 2013
- ^ Hunt, Tim (August 2, 2010). "Tim Hunt: Forget high-speed rail; government needs to pitch in for BART to Livermore". The Oakland Tribune.
- ^ Places to Worship [22] accessed 28 Mar 2013
- ^ Livermore Budget 2013-2014 [23] accessed 6 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore City Council [24] accessed 6 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore Unions [25] accessed 6 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore benefits [26] accessed 6 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore Police Department [27] accessed 30 Mar 2013
- ^ Altamont Creek Elementary [28] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Arroyo Seco Elementary [29] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Emma C. Smith Elementary [30] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Leo R. Croce (K-5)[31] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Jackson Avenue Elementary [32] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Marylin Avenue Elementary School [33] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Rancho Las Positas Elementary [34] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Sunset Elementary [35] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Joe Michell [36] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Junction Avenue K-8 [37] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Andrew N. Christensen Middle [38] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ East Avenue Middle [39] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ William Mendenhall Middle [40] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore High School [41] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Granada High [42] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Del Valle and Phoenix [43] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Vineyard Alternative High School [44] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore Adult School [45] accessed 21 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore pre-schools and day care centers [46] accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore pre-schools and day care centers Yelp [47] accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore Valley Charter School [48] accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ Our Savior Lutheran School [49] accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ St. Michael's Elementary and Middle Catholic School [50] accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ Valley Montessori [51] accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ Las Positas College [52] accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ University of Phoenix accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ LARPD activities 2013 [53] accessed 6 Apr 2013
- ^ May Nissen Swim Center [54] accessed 6 Apr 2013
- ^ Shadow Cliffs Park [55] accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ Shadow Cliffs Park Recreation Area [56] accessed 23 Apr 2013
- ^ Del Valle Regional Park [57] accessed 24 Apr 2013
- ^ LARPD Board of Directors [58] Accessed 6 Apr 2013
- ^ ACER retirement plan [59] accessed 24 Apr 2013
- ^ LARPD Salary schedule [60] accessed 24 Apr 2013
- ^ LARPD Employment and benefits [61] accessed 24 Apr 2013
- ^ LARPD_organization_chart [62] accessed 6 Apr 2013
- ^ LARPD Municipal Service Review
- ^ LARPD salary schedules
- ^ Demographic Profile Bay Area Census http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov
- ^ All data are derived from the United States Census Bureau reports from the 2010 United States Census, and are accessible on-line here. The data on unmarried partnerships and same-sex married couples are from the Census report DEC_10_SF1_PCT15. All other housing and population data are from Census report DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. Both reports are viewable online or downloadable in a zip file containing a comma-delimited data file. The area data, from which densities are calculated, are available on-line here. Percentage totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. The Census Bureau defines families as a household containing one or more people related to the householder by birth, opposite-sex marriage, or adoption. People living in group quarters are tabulated by the Census Bureau as neither owners nor renters. For further details, see the text files accompanying the data files containing the Census reports mentioned above.
- ^ Livermore income rank
- ^ Political affiliation
- ^ "Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
- ^ Little lightbulb burns 110 years | The Manila Bulletin Newspaper Online
- ^ "Campus an incubator for innovation", Jeanine Benca, (Hayward) Daily Review, July 8, 2011
- ^ California selects Livermore Valley's i-GATE as state innovation hub – Sandia Labs News Releases
- ^ Wente family [63] accessed 25 Mar 2013
- ^ Concannon family [64] accessed 25 Mar 2013
- ^ Charles Wetmore [65] accessed 25 Mar 2013
- ^ Wineries, Wine Tasting, Dining, Tours, Weddings & More! | Livermore Valley Winegrowers Association
- ^ City of Livermore CAFR
- ^ City of Livermore [66] accessed 5 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore Area Recreation Park District [67] accessed 5 Apr 2013
- ^ FormFactor SmartMatrix 100XP Delivers Extended Performance for Next Generation DRAM Testing
- ^ Livermore Municipal Airport [68] accessed 5 Apr 2013
- ^ Livermore Municipal Airport [69] accessed 6 Apr 2013
- ^ WHEELS [70] accessed 5 Apr 2013
- ^ "LivermoreBART.org". Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ Livermore sister cities [71] Accessed 6 Apr 2013
Print and film resources on Livermore[edit]
- Livermore (2002), a film by Rachel Raney and David Murray
- Suburbia, photoessay by Owens, Bill, (1972), ISBN 1-881270-40-8
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Livermore, California. |
- Official website
- Livermore Community Guide
- Livermore Area Recreation and Park District
- Livermore, California travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Livermore Shakespeare Festival
- Livermore Valley Performing Arts Center
- Livermore Independent, Weekly Newspaper
- Livermore Links, Livermore News Blog
- [73] Livermore Police Department
- i-GATE business hub website


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Crave giveaway: CES swag bundle, part 2
Congrats to Deborah S. of Port Clinton, Ohio, for winning our CES swag bag in last week's giveaway, and to Janine M. of Quakertown, Pa., for scoring a $250 gift certificate from Rakuten.com Shopping the week before that. This week's winner gets more freebies from the CES show floor.
Included in the bundle is a leather NueVue antimicrobial case that promises to clean the germy screen on your iPhone 5, 5S, or 5C every time you slide your device in. To stick on the back of that case (or any phone other case), we've got a CNET silicone rubber wallet that holds money, credit cards, bus passes, and the like. … Read more


text:
Pricey gasoline hits U.S. consumers, weighs on growth
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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. households stretched to pay for costlier gasoline on meager income growth in August, undercutting spending on other items and pointing to lackluster economic growth.
Other data on Friday showed factory activity in the Midwest contracted this month for the first time in three years.
The Commerce Department said consumer spending rose 0.5 percent last month after gaining 0.4 percent in July. The increase was the largest in six months, but it reflected a rise in gasoline costs that pushed inflation up by the most in nearly 1-1/2 years.
Adjusting for the jump in prices, spending edged up a scant 0.1 percent. With inflation wiping out their buying power, consumers curbed their saving to fund purchases -- a potentially bad omen for future spending.
"Consumers are supporting the recovery, but they are just not able to lead it because of the soft jobs market and little income. They are running low on fire power," said Ryan Sweet, a senior economist at Moody's Analytics in West Chester, Pennsylvania.
Income ticked up 0.1 percent but was down 0.3 percent after accounting for inflation and taxes. It was the first decline in real disposable income since November.
With inflation-adjusted spending barely rising last month, real consumer spending, which accounts for about 70 percent of U.S. economic activity, is unlikely to grow much more than the tepid 1.5 percent annual pace recorded in the April-June period.
Walgreen Co, the largest U.S. drugstore chain, posted a lower quarterly profit on Friday and said it had faced a challenging year in which consumers cut back on everyday purchases. At stores open at least a year, sales fell 8.7 percent in Walgreen's latest quarter.
Separately, the Institute for Supply Management-Chicago said its Midwest factory barometer found activity contracted this month for the first time since September 2009, reflecting weak new orders and a slowdown in hiring.
It was consistent with other recent reports flagging a cooling in manufacturing, a sector that had been the pillar of the economy's recovery.
"To the extent that the moderation in manufacturing activity is reflecting weakening domestic and global demand, it may be a harbinger of continued sup-par GDP growth," said Millan Mulraine, a senior economist at TD Securities in New York.
But households appear little perturbed by the gathering dark clouds. Consumer confidence touched a four-month high in September, boosted by higher stock market prices and gains in home values. That resilience could be a boost to President Barack Obama as he seeks a second term in November.
Economists, however, cautioned that household morale could sour towards the end of the year if the U.S. Congress fails to avoid the so-called fiscal cliff -- $600 billion or so in expiring tax cuts and government spending reductions set to take hold in 2013.
The mixed data sent U.S. stocks lower. However, Wall Street recorded its best third quarter since 2010. Prices for U.S. Treasury debt pushed higher, supported by doubts over the chances for success of debt-ridden Spain's 2013 budget. The dollar rose against the euro, advancing for a second straight week.
Slower consumer spending and a drop in farm inventories due to a severe drought in the Midwest held gross domestic product growth to a 1.3 percent pace in the second quarter, a step down from 2 percent in the first three months of the year.
Growth estimates for the third quarter range from 1.2 percent to 2.1 percent. Spending last month was funded by cutting back on saving, which economists said put households on shaky ground, particularly if income taxes go up in January.
"It highlights how imperative it is that Congress deals with this issue. This is not an economy that can bear the burden of fiscal tightening right now," said Julia Coronado, chief North America economist at BNP Paribas in New York.
Inflation pressures picked up last month on the back of the 28.2 cents per gallon rise in gasoline prices. A price index for personal spending increased 0.4 percent, the largest rise since March last year, taking the 12-month gain up to 1.5 percent from 1.3 percent in July.
However, a measure which strips out food and energy costs, rose only 0.1 percent from July. Year-on-year that core measure was up 1.6 percent, the same as in July and the fifth straight month of increases below 2 percent.
The Federal Reserve has a 2 percent inflation target and the still-moderate pace of inflation should give it comfort to maintain its accommodative monetary policy stance for a while as it seeks to spur job growth and domestic demand.
(Additional reporting by Jessica Wohl in Chicago; Editing by Tim Ahmann and Kenneth Barry)
People start to look way too deeply into things, like the market here is a good example.
Mr. Oubina, you must admit that ultimately the only reason *any* business exists at all, is to serve the consumer. Even the largest financial organizations in the world, would not exist if there wasn't a need for things like stocks and commodities – coffee, orange juice, oil, coal.
And while business may be the predominant users of things like coal, in the end, those businesses need the coal and oil to manufacture a good for a consumer. The stocks only have value because the whole supply chain eventually is tied to the consumer – and the weaker that core link becomes (the purchasing power of the consumer) the weaker the whole chain gets, and if that one link should break – to the consumer; the whole chain and market – go with it.
There's no divesting the market from the consumer, as the market exists to serve the consumer; even though usually, it's looked at the very opposite way – but that does not change reality.
In this case, even the best 'spin' and retro-engineering of truth in the world, will not change this core truth of economics.
Business is getting too efficient for it's own good; that's the problem. It doesn't pay enough money out to 'consumers' anymore to sustain it's production capabilities – so something must give.
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text:
Raf Simons has been unveiled as the new Christian Dior couturier, thereby drawing a curtain on months of speculation surrounding the position following the dismissal of John Galliano in March 2011 for a racist and anti-Semitic outburst in a Paris café. Monday afternoon Cathy Horyn at the New York Times confirmed the French house's appointment of the celebrated Belgian designer who was unceremoniously dismissed by Jil Sander in March. The selection of Simons, known for his predilection toward minimalism, marks a departure from the retro sumptuousness that characterized Galliano's 15 year tenure. A mouthwatering showdown between reputed rivals Raf Simons at Dior and the recently appointed Hedi Slimane at Yves Saint Laurent awaits in the months to come. [New York Times]
The other equally big news from yesterday was the $1 billion Facebook purchase of Instagram, the photo sharing service. The acquisition comes at a particularly sensitive time for the social media giant as it prepares for its initial public offering on the NASDAQ next month, not that its bullish founder Mark Zuckerberg is likely to care (Timeline, anyone?). A Mashable poll reveals 58% of respondents disapprove of the Instagram sale. [Mashable]
Paolo Anchisi (Ford Men) features in the new Balmain Homme Spring 2012 lookbook by photographer Karim Sadli. The collection by Olivier Rousteing gives a nod to the rustic, Western stylings from the middle part of the last century, which are echoed throughout the lookbook that is mostly shot in black and white on a farm. [Balmain]
Diplo's new book with photographer Shane McCauley 128 Beats Per Minute is now out and available for purchase at Urban Outfitters. [Mad Decent]


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This Time Is Different: An Example of a Giant, Wildly Speculative, and Successful Investment Mania
The literature on manias and bubbles is dominated by spectacular collapses and the question of whether they could have been foreseen. What is not widely known, though, is that there was at least one giant and wildly speculative investment episode that was successful in that it produced above-market profits for original investors. The British railway mania of the 1830s involved real capital investment comparable, as a fraction of GDP, to about $2 trillion for the U.S. today. It faced withering skepticism and criticism, much of it very reasonable, as its supposedly rosy prospects were based on extrapolation from the brief experience of just a couple of successful early railways. Yet by the mid-1840s, it was seen as a success.The example of the railway mania of the 1830s serves as a useful antidote to claims that bubbles are easy to detect or that all large and quick jumps in asset valuations are irrational. This episode also suggests the need to reexamine much of the work on business cycles and the diffusion of technologies. The standard literature in this area, starting from Juglar and continuing through Schumpeter to more recent authors, almost uniformly ignores large investment mania, whose nature does not fit the stereotypical pattern.Download Info
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Article provided by De Gruyter in its journal The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy.
Volume (Year): 10 (2010)
Issue (Month): 1 (July)
Pages: 1-28
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- Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2009. "This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly," Economics Books, Princeton University Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 8973.
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Fraser gets watered-down audit billMay 28, 2013, 7:10 pm by James Walker The Lower Colorado River Authoritys business operations and practices will be audited after state Sen. Troy Fraser (R-Horseshoe Bay) succeeded in adding the requirement as an amendment to another water-related bill that was approved in the House and Senate on the final day of the regular legislative session Monday. The audit will be a performance audit and not a financial audit Fraser sought in a bill he introduced that stalled in the Senate and had little hope of passage in the House. Frasers bill ran into opposition from rice farmers in the lower Colorado River basin and their lawmaker allies from agriculture-dependent areas in the state. Fraser added the LCRA audit language to a bill sponsored by Sen. Brian Birdwell (R-Granbury) and Rep. Jim Keffer (R-Eastland) in the House that would require audits of other river authorities, including the Brazos River Authority, which Birdwell wanted. Fraser expressed pleasure in managing to get the LCRA audit language approved but was reluctant to discuss the matter in depth because he could end up being a party in a lawsuit against the river authority. Fraser also was at the governors office Tuesday to witness Gov. Rick Perry signing a bill he sponsored in the Senate that Fraser said sets up the structure "to provide meaningful financing to water providers across the state and finally moves Texas in the right direction of funding the states future water needs. The State Water Implementation Fund for Texas is a water infrastructure bank that will revolve funds, so that over timeif properly capitalizedit can finance all the strategies included in the 2012 plan, Fraser said. For the full story, see Wednesday's Burnet Bulletin or Llano County Journal. Reader CommentsThank goodness Senator Fraser is tenacious and resourceful, and recognized the crisis LCRA and the drought have caused the lakes and our drinking water.
THANK YOU, SEN. FRASER! Thank you, Senator Fraser! I'm sure the rice farmers want as few people as possible to know how little they pay for water relative to the majority of customers of the LCRA This would of course be an issue in a financial audit. This gross negligence will continue until all firm customers let their feeling known to their reps. |
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A look at Novell's Suse Linux Enterprise Server 9
A New Suse Server
Suse has taken the lead on competitors Red Hat and Mandrake by releasing an enterprise Linux product that comes with the 2.6 kernel. What do you get with the new Suse Enterprise Linux? We'll give you a look at the best of what's inside Suse Linux Enterprise Server 9.
Novell recently became the first major corporate Linux vendor to release a kernel 2.6 Linux distribution for the enterprise market. By integrating Suse Linux Enterprise Server (SLES9) [1] into Novell's family of complementary networking software products, such as Netware and Open Enterprise Server (OES) [2], Novell hopes to persuade Suse customers to think seriously about extending their commitment to Novell beyond just servers and desktops. In this article, I'll show you what's inside Suse Linux Enterprise Server 9, and what the 2.6 kernel will mean for the new generation of enterprise servers.
Read full article as PDF:
Suse_Linux_Enterprise_Server_9_Review.pdf (237.48 kB)Tag Cloud
New TLS Attack Takes the S out of HTTPS
Vulnerability affects many Linux web servers
Munich Adopts Kolab
The Bavarian capital shuns Microsoft, Google, and other alternatives to implement an open source groupware solution.
Canonical Announces Ubuntu Smartphones
Phone vendor partnerships bring Mark Shuttleworth's dream of Ubuntu on a phone a step closer to reality.
Piviti Seeks Funding
Donors will get to vote on new features for the free video editor.
Debian Tech Committee Votes for systemd
Debian project puts init out to pasture and says no to Ubuntu's Upstart.
The Mask: Scary New Face of Internet Intrusion
Ultra-sophisticated attack tool might have originated from a state-sponsored intelligence service.
Epoch 1.0 Released
New alternative for init comes with a small footprint and minimal configuration.
Wayland 1.4 Challenges X11
X marks the target for the next-generation windowing system.
Red Hat Adopts CentOS
Super-clone CentOS Linux gets beamed up to the mother ship.
W3C Promotes Media Source Extensions
HTML technology will enable new video editing and playback options.


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On the European Tour, Fedex Cup Champion and arguably the hottest player on the planet right now, Henrik Stenson blew away the field in the World Tour Championship in Dubai. Shooting a final-round 8-under 64, that included a tap in eagle at the final hole, giving the big Swede a six stroke victory.
Stenson has now become the first player to win the Race to Dubai and the Fedex Cup in the same season.
"I have managed to do something very, very special here this week by winning both in America and the Race to Dubai," adding, "It has been an incredible Summer for me, the Autumn in America was great, and now this...It has been a dream season," said Stenson following his win.
Stenson opted for FJ ICON and Pure Touch Limited throughout his successful season on both the PGA and European Tours.
On the Australasian Tour, Masters Champion and world number two, Adam Scott continued his winning ways by winning for the second consecutive week at the Australian Masters. Last year Scott won this tournament and claimed it gave him the confidence he needed to win the green jacket a few months later.
This year on a difficult wind-swept Royal Melbourne golf course Adam Scott shot rounds of 67-66-66-71, to place him at 14-under par two clear of his closest pursuant.
"I think it's very hard to win two tournaments full stop, let alone back to back, so I'm quite pleased with myself this week," Adam stated post round. "Sometimes you win a little bit ugly. All the good stuff I had done in the first three rounds counted for a lot, even though it wasn't the prettiest golf today."
Adam Scott has been testing a new prototype FJ shoe and his trusted StaSof glove during his two wins in Australia.
Webb SImpson ran away to a six stroke win at the Shriners Hospitals for Children Open. Through the first three rounds, Webb stood at a staggering 19 under par, 4 strokes clear of his closest pursuant and fellow FJ Staffer, Chesson Hadley.
Simpson showed little remorse at the start of the final round, birdieing two of the first three holes to increase his lead. Turning in 32 strokes, Simpson had the tournament well in hand. On the back nine, Simpson added three more birdies and a lone bogey to take home the title in an absolute masterful performance.
"As we were going kind of middle of the round, pins were tough, greens were drying out and I knew it would take a really special round for somebody to shoot 7, 8 under," Simpson said. "So, I felt like I was in control, and I asked my caddie, once I hit it on the green on 17 where we stood. And I was just thankful that I was able to kind of manage my golf ball the last couple rounds."
Webb relied on the FJ ICON golf shoe and Pure Touch Limited glove during his dominating performance.
NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. Void where prohibited. Open to US residents 18 years or older. Sweepstakes will begin at 12:01AM ET on 10/21/2013 and end 10/23/2013 at 11:59PM ET.
Wake Forest product, Webb Simpson won the U.S. Open Championship at San Francisco's Olympic Club with masterful play over the weekend to win by one stroke over fellow FJ staffer Michael Thompson.
Simpson was five over par after the first two rounds and fired a two under par 68 on Saturday to claw back up the leaderboard. Sitting four strokes off of the 54 hole lead, Simpson would have to put together another great round on the brutal U.S. Open track to have any chance of winning.
Simpson, in FJ ICON and Pure Touch Limited, rattled off three consecutive birdies on the front nine to shoot up the leaderboard. Adding another birdie at the 10th hole moved Webb to plus one, one stroke behind the leader. Webb continued to plug away making pars on each of his last eight holes to get into the clubhouse with the lead. Simpson now had to watch the players still on the golf course try and catch him, no one could, making Webb Simpson the winner of the 112th U.S. Open Championship.
Webb went on to comment on his play on the final day, "I knew it was a tough golf course," continuing, "I had to go out and do as well as I could. I probably prayed more the last three holes than I've ever done in my life. It helped me stay calm and get in with 2 under."
This is Webb Simpson's first major victory in only his fifth major championship appearance.
FJ Wins, You Win : Click here for your chance to win FJ ICON and Pure Touch Limited just like Webb Simpson used en route to his major triumph.
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The affable Wisconsin native, Steve Stricker won the season opening Tournament of Champions at Kapalua with a final round of a four under par 69 to finish the tournament at 23 under par, four strokes clear of fellow FJ Staffers Webb Simpson and Jonathan Byrd.
Stricker was in style all week wearing the new FJ Performance Apparel and split saddle DryJoys Tour's. He was, also, in total control of his golf game, attacking the golf course in Saturday's second round. Stricker made eight birdies and an eagle to finish off the round with a ten under par 63. The blistering pace gave him a five shot lead over Webb Simpson and the field heading into the third round.
During the third round, Stricker struggled to make birdies early but did not give up any ground as he birdied the final four holes to retain the five stroke lead he had at the beginning of the day. Now heading into the final round with a comfortable lead, Stricker kept his head down and continued his steady play to close out the field for the victory. Stricker lead the field in overall putting, scrambling, bogey avoidance (making only 4 bogeys all week on the rugged Kapalua golf course), and one putt percentage.
This is Stricker's 8th PGA Tour win in the past 3 years, which is the most amongst any player on the PGA Tour.
FJ Wins, You Win - Click here to win the products worn by Steve Stricker during his dominating performance at Kapalua
Ben Crane was an afterthought beginning Sunday's final round three strokes off the 54 hole lead. Crane wearing DryJoys Tour and Pure Touch Limited, started his final round with seven straight pars before switching his game into overdrive on the par-4 eight by making his first birdie of the day. He would follow the birdie on eight with three more birdies over the next three holes. A bogey on number 12 only momentarily slowed Crane, as he made four more consecutive birdies from 14 through 17 to enter a tie at the top of the leaderboard with the two time 2011 winner Webb Simpson (FJ ICON #52039).
Both players would complete 72 holes at 15 under par to force the 18th playoff of the year on the PGA Tour. Beginning the playoff both players had something to prove; Crane, to win his first tourney of 2011 and Simpson a possible PGA Tour money title. Crane made the first move hitting his approach shot into the par-4 18th to six feet. Simpson would respond, hitting a tricky greenside bunker shot into tap in range. Crane's birdie putt narrowly missed the hole and both players left with a par. Both players would find the green on the par-3 17th. Simpson would putt first, lagging his put to three feet. Playing more aggressively, Crane ran his putt five feet by the hole, leaving himself a tough putt for par, but poured it into the center of the cup putting the pressure on Simpson. With a short putt to extend the Playoff Simpson would miss making Crane the 2011 McGladrey Classic winner.


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Unemployment Compensation
IMPORTANT NEWS ABOUT HIGH EXTENDED BENEFITS (HEB) September 12, 2012NEWS ABOUT FEDERAL EXTENDED UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION (EUC08) Legislation to extend the ending date of the Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC08) program was approved and signed into law in February 2012. The following changes are in effect for the EUC08 program.
There were no additional tiers of EUC added in the most recent legislation. Individuals who have already been paid all EUC and HEB funds were given no additional benefits.
Changes in maximum benefit amounts for individual tiers of EUC08


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Quick Facts
- NAME: I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby
- OCCUPATION: Lawyer, Government Official
- BIRTH DATE: August 22, 1950 (Age: 63)
- EDUCATION: Yale University
- PLACE OF BIRTH: New Haven, Connecticut
- Nickname: Scooter Libby
- AKA: I. Lewis Libby
- Full Name: Irve Lewis Libby
- ZODIAC SIGN: Leo
Best Known For
I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby was former adviser to American Vice President Dick Cheney, later indicted by a federal grand jury for leaking top-secret information.
Think you know about Biography?
Answer questions and see how you rank against other players.
Play NowIrve Lewis Libby. (2014). The Biography Channel website. Retrieved 04:13, Mar 09, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/i-lewis-scooter-libby-215262.
Irve Lewis Libby. [Internet]. 2014. The Biography Channel website. Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/i-lewis-scooter-libby-215262 [Accessed 09 Mar 2014].
"Irve Lewis Libby." 2014. The Biography Channel website. Mar 09 2014, 04:13 http://www.biography.com/people/i-lewis-scooter-libby-215262.
"Irve Lewis Libby," The Biography Channel website, 2014, http://www.biography.com/people/i-lewis-scooter-libby-215262 [accessed Mar 09, 2014].
"Irve Lewis Libby," The Biography Channel website, http://www.biography.com/people/i-lewis-scooter-libby-215262 (accessed Mar 09, 2014).
Irve Lewis Libby [Internet]. The Biography Channel website; 2014 [cited 2014 Mar 09] Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/i-lewis-scooter-libby-215262.
Irve Lewis Libby, http://www.biography.com/people/i-lewis-scooter-libby-215262 (last visited Mar 09, 2014).
Irve Lewis Libby. The Biography Channel website. 2014. Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/i-lewis-scooter-libby-215262. Accessed Mar 09, 2014.
Born in 1950 in Connecticut, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby was former adviser to vice president Dick Cheney, as well as his Chief of Staff. In October of 2005, Libby was indicted by a federal grand jury for leaking top-secret information about the covert identity of a CIA officer. He was accused of perjury, making false statements and obstruction of justice. He resigned from all held-positions immediately upon the announcement.
Early Life
Lawyer and former U.S. White House staff member Irve Lewis "Scooter" Libby was born on August 22, 1950, in New Haven, Connecticut. He became a household name in 2005 as the possible White House source that leaked the identity of CIA agent Valerie Plame to the media. The son of a successful businessman, Libby went to the elite boarding school Phillips Academy, commonly referred to as Andover. He graduated from Yale University in 1972 and three years later got his law degree from Columbia University.
Early Political Career
After practicing law for a while, Libby got his first job in the federal government. He joined the State Department in 1981 and worked there until 1985. After that, Libby practiced law in a private firm for a few years, only to return to the government's employ in 1990 at the Department of Defense. After five years, he left the department and began practicing law again. He even found time to write a novel, 1996's The Apprentice. But Libby didn't stay away from government for long. He became a member of the White House staff in 2001.
Valerie Plame Scandal
Libby had three job responsibilities at the White House. He served as assistant to the vice president for national security affairs, as chief of staff to vice president and as an assistant to the president. In 2003, he reportedly became involved in leaking the identity of CIA agent Valerie Plame—the wife of Joseph Wilson. Wilson was a vocal critic of the reports used to support the government's case for launching the war in Iraq. It is believed by many that the leak was done in retribution for Wilson's public remarks.
Libby talked about Plame with several members of the government and the media. New York Times reporter Judith Miller revealed Plame's identity in her publication. She was later called to testify in the investigation into the leak, but she refused to reveal her source. She spent 85 days in jail for this refusal. Eventually Libby stepped forward as Miller's source after earlier denials.
On March 6, 2007, Libby was found guilty of lying during the investigation of the media leak. At trial, he claimed that he didn't lie, but that he had lapses in memory. Libby was scheduled to be sentenced in June 2007. In July 2007, President George Bush commuted former White House aide I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby from a 2 and a half year prison term in the CIA leak investigation stating that the sentence was too harsh.
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Noah's Ark (An Opposites Jigsaw Book: Create A Foot Long Scene!) : The adventure of Noah and the Ark in a large puzzle format! Large animals, small animals, animals that walk, some run, some live in the cold, some in the heat! Find out how animals of all kinds make their journey to Noah's Ark before the Great Flood! This colorful puzzle book will teach preschoolers opposites and animals!
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Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act (WPEA)
The Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act (WPEA) provides millions of federal workers with the rights they need to report government corruption and wrongdoing safely. The law reflects an unequivocal bipartisan consensus, having received the vote of every member in the 112th Congress, passing both the Senate and House of Representatives by unanimous consent shortly before adjournment. . The WPEA can be viewed here.
For over a decade, GAP and an expanding coalition of all ideologies fought to get this legislation passed. Below, please find information about
The History of the WPEA
The WPEA makes federal whistleblower rights stronger that at any time in history, lapping those created by the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 (WPA). This update is long overdue, as WPA protections were very weak.
The WPA was a landmark good government law with the mandate to protect federal employees who report waste, fraud and abuse. Over the past two decades, the WPA has fallen victim to hostile judicial activism. Unfortunately, with every month that passed before enactment of the WPEA, the status of federal government whistleblowers continued to erode due to a lack of viable rights.
On average each month, more than 15 whistleblowers would lose initial decisions from administrative hearings at the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB), while fewer than one would prevail. Through June of 2012, whistleblowers' track record at the single available court was 3-224 since 1994 the last time the WPA was "strengthened". A recent MSPB survey found that federal whistleblowers were nine times more likely to be fired in 2010 compared to 1992.
Formerly under the WPA, federal employees were not eligible for whistleblower protections if they:
- were not the first person who discloses given misconduct
- made a disclosure to a co-worker
- made a disclosure to a supervisor
- disclosed the consequences of a policy decision, or
- blew the whistle while carrying out job duties
The WPEA had ample support, having passed by Unanimous Consent in both chambers in each of the past four congressional sessions. However, each time that it was on the brink of passage, the reform has been sabotaged by a congressional loophole that allows one or more Senators to place a "secret hold" on legislation.
Before recent enactment, the closest the bill was to becoming a reality was on the final day of the last session of Congress, the 111th (2009-10). But, after passing each chamber by Unanimous Consent, at least one Senator put a 'secret hold' on the bill anonymously, literally in the final hours of session. In the beginning of the 112th Congress, GAP teamed up with NPR's On the Media to identify the culprit(s). Learn more about the Secret Hold Campaign here.
For over ten years, GAP and an expanding coalition of 400 organizations and companies, of all ideologies, campaigned to restore credible whistleblower rights for federal government employees and contractors. GAP has provided expert testimony, and proposed and coached whistleblower witnesses, to help build a record for the WPEA. On November 27, 2012, the WPEA was finally signed into law.
A strong federal whistleblower statute is paramount to close existing loopholes and improve the status quo.
The WPEA overhauls the WPA, closes administrative loopholes, ends the Federal Circuit Court's monopoly on appeals, and doesnot roll back any rights. A full list of reforms in the WPEA can be viewed here.
As with any significant reform that must survive a political gauntlet, this law certainly does not have every reform we have sought, but does have critically important upgrades to the broken system for federal whistleblowing.
Overall, the WPEA is remarkably intact for a reform that survived a 12 year political gauntlet, including negotiations to lift additional holds by congressional offices. The WPEA replaces current legal land mines with reliable rights.
Intensive dialogue between the Make It Safe Coalition, which GAP coordinates, the Obama administration, and both Chambers of Congress paved the way for passage of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act in the 112th Congress.
2011 – 2012 Legislative Actions
A timeline of major actions taken on the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act (S. 743, HR. 3289) in the 112th Congress are listed in reverse chronological order:
President Obama signs the WPEA into Law (November 2012)
Senate Passes S. 743, as Amended, by Unanimous Consent ( November 2012)
House Passes S. 743 by Unanimous Consent (September 2012)
Senate Passes S. 743 by Unanimous Consent (May 2012)
House Committee Passes H.R. 3289 by Unanimous Consent (November 2011)
House Introduces H.R. 3289 (November 2011)
Senate Committee Passes S. 743 by Unanimous Consent (October 2011)
White House Threatens Executive Action if Congress Delays (September 2011)
Senate Introduces S. 743 (April 2011)
To learn how the WPEA affects you, contact GAP Legislative Campaign Coordinator Shanna Devine at firstname.lastname@example.com, 202.457.0034, ext. 132.