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- In Stock
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5 out of 5 stars
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2001-2003 Saab 9-3 Fog Light - Replacement - Passenger Side, Clear lens, Plastic lens, DOT, SAE compliant, Direct fit, With bulb(s)
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fog light that works by brigham115, November 22, 2009
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Finally, fog lights that illuminate. Only takes 10 minutes to install if you can get the nuts off.
99 Saab Viggen Driving Light by WaSaab, May 8, 2009
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Great value. Replaced after market Hella lights. It was a little hard to install these lights on a Viggen because the very low ground clearance of the front air-dam. The extra bracket that came with the light caused a bit of confusion without instructions.


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Figure 1. Percentage distribution of revenues for public elementary and secondary education in the United States, by source: Fiscal year 2010 |
NOTE: Data include the 50 states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey (NPEFS)," fiscal year 2010, provisional Version 1a. |


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Found February 05, 2013 on
Miami Heat forward Shane Battier was a pretty good athlete during his time at Duke. As he's progressed in the NBA he turned into a defensive stopper with a fluid offensive game.
Now a days, Battier is still a pretty good defender, who relishes being a spot up jump shooter on offense. During a win over the Bobcats last night, the 34-year-old Battier sprung loose for his first dunk in over 4 years.
According to Ethan J. Scolnick, a Miami Heat columnist, Battier dedicated the dunk to all the Suburban dads.
Good one Shane.
H/T Larry Brown Sports
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Ohio won't allow anti-LeBron plates
Ohio released a list of several vanity plate requests that they wouldn't allow, and on the list were several anti-LeBron James plates.
LeBron James Co-Covers ESPN The Magazine With Dr. Dre
Former Celtic Ray Allen's North End Condo For Sale For $3 Million
LeBron has near-perfect night vs. Bobcats
James, Wade score 63, Heat top Rockets
James scores 31, Bosh 23 as Heat top Bobcats
LeBron, Wade too much for Rockets
Chris Bosh is surprised Raptors fans still boo him, but he says it motivates him
Lebron James Covers ESPN The Magazine 'The Music Issue' in Waraire Boswell & Olympic gold Medalist Alex Morgan Poses As Katy Perry
Happy 44th Birthday to LeBron's Mom
Chris Bosh gets a tattoo in his snuggly sweater
Oden to choose between Cavs and Heat, but do Celtics have a chance?
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text: Try gumstix.com. You might have to add an expansion board or two, but from the looks of your post, you appear capable of doing that... --- Mark Allyn <email@example.com> wrote: > > Hello: > > I need some help trying to select a single board computer > for a project that I am engaged in. > > The single board computer will be driving an array of > approximatley > 400 to 500 tri-color LED's that will be sewn into a piece of > clothing. > Each tri color LED has emitters for red, blue, and green. > These three > colors are combined to form any other color. > > This means that I will have about 1200 to 1500 individual > light > levels to control in real time. > > Further, as this is a piece of clothing, it needs to run on a > 12 > volt battery. I will not have access to the mains. > > I plan to use a serial packet transmission to get the > brightness > information to each LED. I am currently designing the receive > (using > verilog and most likely a Xilinx CPLD for the packet receive > and > pulse width modulation to perform the dimming (LED brightness > control > is said to be the best then done by pulse width modulation). > That > part of the project I see no problem. There is already a > lighting > control protocol, called DMX, for which I have already created > verilog HDL for implementation. > > The areas that I need help in is finding and assembling a > suitable > main processor. First of all, I need some serial bus > (something like > RS485) that can have one transmitter driving about 100 > receivers. I > know that RS485 is limited to 32 receivers. Can this be > expanded? Is > there another serial interface that can have a single > transmitter drive > up to 100 receivers? I am only concerned about one way; there > is > no feedback required from the receivers (lamps) back to the > main processor. From the looks of things; I will need three or > four such serial drivers on my main processor unit. > > Also, I am looking for a main processor unit (most likely as > SMB) that > can do the following things: > > Be able to drive up to 1500 individual light levels (0-255 > steps of > brightness for each one) at a rate so that each one can be > refreshed > once every 60 seconds. > > Would have either a wireless or wired network port so that I > can > access it to program it and make changes to the software. > > It must run Linux; use open source tools and software; I don't > want > to have to to $X,000's for commerical software. Preferably, I > would > like to see it run/be programmed from Debian/Ubunto/Mepis or > some > other Debian derivitive. > > Either have, or can accomodate a module with an FPGA; at some > point, > I want to incorporate an Audio A/D and audio signal analysis. > I would > like to drive my display on music; both on amplitude and > frequency > spectral images. > > I have done some looking through Linuxdevices.com. I do see a > wide > variety of devices there, but I cant seem to find anything > with > multiple RS485 interfaces. Perhaps this is asking for a bit > much > and I will have to design a suitable I/O driver (again, using > CPLD's > or FPGA's. > > What I don't want are disk drives, fancy graphcis controlers, > fancy > audio drivers (I am doing a/d; not d/a and driving sound); CD > drives; > SATA / IDE ports; whatever. Many of the devices seem to come > with these > as a default. All I need would be something to drive a small > (perhaps > something like a 4" by 4" inch) touch screen. > > It seems to me that PC/104 is a standard for these SBC's. Is > this the > case? I also see something called EBX. > > Have any of you have undergone a project similar to this? Have > any > one of you been particularly happy/unhappy with any paticular > vendor > or device for a project similar in scope as this one? > > I am willing to spend up to $1000 for the main processor, if > that > is what it takes. I am a bit confused at the diversity of > pricing. > I see stuff from GAO Engineering, for example, that is priced > around > $1500 for something that does not look that much better than > others > I see for around $100 to $200. > > I am willing to do all of the programming myself (or look for > other > open source programming to use). If I need to come up with a > daughtor > board, I am willing to do the design myself provided I get > open enough > documentation on interfacing with the SBC. > > If this is not the currect forum for this kind of question, > perhaps > can someone please refer me to where I can go with these types > of > questions? > > Thank you all for your help. > > Respectfuly, > > Mark Allyn > Portland, Oregon > > > -- > To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to > email@example.com > with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact > firstname.lastname@example.com > > __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com


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A collection of news and information related to Marvin Hamlisch published by this site and its partners.
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Two shootings in South L.A. leave one dead, one wounded
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 8:22 AMTwo men shot, one fatally, in South Los Angeles.... -
Blue Line on pace for deadly, record-setting year
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 8:52 AMThe Metro Blue Line — one of the busiest light rails in the nation — is on pace to have more deaths in 2012 than any other year in its 22-year history. Four of the fatalities this year were ruled suicides.... -
Latest 405 widening plan would spare Fairview bridge in O.C.
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 2:52 PMAn alternative plan for the 405 Freeway improvement project that would keep an overpass from being torn down is gaining traction among select Orange County cities.... -
Truck collision could close eastbound 10 Freeway for 3 hours
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 8:52 AMEastbound 10 shut down in Baldwin Park after big rig crash spills diesel fuel.... -
Chevron refinery fire in Richmond may spur jump in gas prices
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 10:04 AMExpect prices at California pumps and the price of plane travel to increase in the near future because of a fire at a large refinery in the Bay Area.... -
Composer scheduled to appear at Easton's State Theater dies at 68
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 4:24 PMMarvin Hamlisch, one of the most decorated composers in the entertainment industry, battled a brief illness. The family did not release any details about the ailment that took his life, but he had been active just weeks ago.... -
'People's composer' Marvin Hamlisch charmed cities across U.S.
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 10:33 AMSongwriters, musicians and Broadway performers voiced grief on Tuesday over the death of composer Marvin Hamlisch, known for his work on Broadway musicals and movie soundtracks.... -
LAX officials award duty-free food and retail concessions contract
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 4:14 PMThe makeover of concessions at Los Angeles International Airport continued this week with the award of a lucrative contract to operate duty free shops.... -
700-pound sea lion found swimming miles from ocean in Irvine
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 10:44 AMJust two days after animal control officials helped him make his way back to sea, Franklin the 700-pound sea lion went off course again. Franklin was spotted around 9 a.m. Monday, swimming upstream in the San Diego Creek in Irvine,...... -
37 years later, Marine killed in last Vietnam war battle is buried
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 10:52 AMFor all U.S. military personnel ordered into a war zone, there is an implied promise: If you fall in battle, you will not be left behind. And so for 37 years, the family of Marine Pfc. Richard Rivenburgh, who was...... -
Marvin Hamlisch and the sexiest song ever written
Story | Aug 8, 2012 | 4:47 PMThe late, great Marvin Hamlisch was rightly saluted for "A Chorus Line" and "The Way We Were." But I'm hoping he's remembered as much for "Nobody Does It Better" from "The Spy Who Loved Me." It is the... -
Bay Area oil refinery fire prompts air-quality concerns
Story | Aug 7, 2012 | 12:42 PMBay Area health officials are awaiting results from air samples collected near Richmond, where a massive refinery fire spewed black toxic smoke across the area Monday, sending hundreds of residents to the hospital with respiratory problems....


text:
Pacification of Manchukuo
The Pacification of Manchukuo, was a campaign to pacify the resistance to the newly established puppet state of Manchukuo between the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies of Manchuria and later the Communist Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army and the Imperial Japanese Army and the forces of the Manchukuo government during the Second Sino-Japanese War which took place from March 1932 until 1941, which resulted in a Japanese victory.
- 1 Japan seizes control
- 2 Early resistance: militias, brotherhoods and bandits
- 3 Formation of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies
- 4 War of the Volunteer Armies and "Anti-bandit Operations" 1932 - 1933
- 5 Communists and the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army 1934-1941
- 6 Footnotes
- 7 Sources
- 8 External links
Japan seizes control[edit]
The earliest formation of large Anti-Japanese partisan groups occurred in Liaoning and Kirin provinces due to the poor performance of the Fengtien Army in the first month of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and to Japan's rapid success in removing and replacing the provincial authority in Fengtien and Kirin.
The provincial government of Liaoning Province had fled west to Chinchow. Governor Zang Shiyi remained in Mukden, but refused to cooperate with the Japanese in establishing a separatist and collaborationist government and was imprisoned. The Kwantung Army issued a proclamation on 21 September 1931 installing Colonel Kenji Doihara as Mayor of Mukden; he proceeded to rule the city with the aid of an "Emergency Committee" composed mostly of Japanese.
On 23 September 1931, Lieutenant General Xi Qia of the Kirin Army, was invited by the Japanese to form a provisional government for Kirin Province. In Kirin, the Japanese succeeded in achieving a bloodless occupation of the capital. General Xi Qia issued a proclamation on 30 September, declaring the province independent of the Republic of China under protection of the Japanese Army.
On 24 September 1931, a provisional government was formed in Fengtien (the new name of the former Liaoning Province) with Yuan Chin-hai as Chairman of the "Committee for the Maintenance of Peace and Order".
In Harbin, General Chang Ching-hui, also called a conference on 27 September 1931 to discuss the organization of an "Emergency Committee of the Special District", formed to achieve the secession of Harbin from China. However he was not able to act as much of the area surrounding Harbin was still held by anti-Japanese militias under Generals Ting Chao, Li Du, Feng Zhanhai and others.
Meanwhile in Mukden, the "North Eastern Administrative Committee" or Self-Government Guiding Board was set up on November 10, under the leadership of Yu Chung-han, a prominent elder statesman of Zhang Xueliang's Government, who favored the autonomy of Manchuria. After the Japanese defeated General Ma Zhanshan and occupied Tsitsihar on 19 November 1931, a local Self-Government Association was established in Heilungkiang Province; and General Chang Ching-hui was inaugurated as Governor of the Province on 1 January 1932.
After the fall of Chinchow, the independence movement made rapid progress in northern Manchuria, where Colonel Doihara was Chief of Special Services in Harbin. General Chang Ching-hui, upon learning of the defeat of Marshal Zhang Xueliang at Chinchow, agreed to the request of the Self-Government Guiding Board at Mukden and declared the independence of Heilungkiang Province on 7 January 1932. After General Ma Zhanshan had been driven from Tsitsihar by the Japanese in the Jiangqiao Campaign he had retreated northeastward with his beaten and depleted forces and had set up his capital at Hailun. There he attempted to continue to govern Heilongjiang province. Colonel Kenji Doihara began negotiations with General Ma from his Special Service Office at Harbin, hoping to get him to join the new state of Manchukuo Japan was organizing. Ma continued negotiating with Doihara, while he continued to support General Ting Chao.
Early resistance: militias, brotherhoods and bandits[edit]
The emergence of Chinese resistance to the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in the form of citizen militias, peasant brotherhoods and bandit gangs was facilitated by Japan's success in rapidly destroying Zhang Xueliang's government in the region. Most of the Kwantung Army's strength during November 1931 was concentrated against General Ma Zhanshan in north-central Heilungkiang, and in December and early January against Zhang Xueliang's remaining army in Chinchow in southwestern Liaoning. Away from the Japanese garrisons in cities and along the railroads, resistance units mustered openly and relatively free from molestation in late 1931-early 1932.
The frontier status of Manchuria, with endemic banditry and activities by opposing warlords led leading citizens and village authorities to form private militias for the protection of their property and landholdings even before the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. After the start of the Japanese occupation, these militias became partisan bands, often known as "plain-clothes" men from their lack of uniforms, and styled themselves with various names, such as the "Self-Protection Militia", "Anti-Japanese Militia" or "Chinese Volunteers". One of the first such forces to form, called the Courageous Citizens Militia, had been established by November 1931 near the estuary port of Chinchow. These militias operated principally in southern Fengtien, which had half of Manchuria's population and the highest proportion of Han Chinese. Fengtien had come almost immediately under Japanese control, as most population centers and its capital of Mukden all lay along the tracks of the South Manchuria Railway in the S.M.R. Zone, which had been garrisoned by Kwantung Army troops since long before the conflict.
Peasant brotherhoods[edit]
"Peasant brotherhoods" were a traditional form of mutual protection by Chinese small-holders and tenant farmer. Waves of immigrants fleeing the wars of the Warlord era that ravaged north and central China came to Manchuria since 1926 at the rate of one million a year. These included many peasants belonging to the two predominant brotherhoods, the Red Spear Society and the Big Swords Society, which aided the immigrants in establishing themselves and provided for protection against both bandits and rapacious landlords.
The Red Spear Society was strongest in the hinterlands of Fengtien and countryside around Harbin. The Big Swords Society predominated in southeastern Kirin and adjoining parts of Fengtien. In 1927, the Big Swords had spearheaded an uprising triggered by the collapse of the prevailing Feng-Piao paper currency. During the rebellion the Big Swords were respected by the peasants because they did not harm or plunder the common people, but resisted the officials of the warlord Zhang Zuolin.
After the Japanese invasion, the Big Swords Society disturbed the Chientao District in southeast Fengtien along the Korean border, and rose en masse in response to the declaration of Manchukuo on March 9, 1932. The Big Swords became the principal component of partisan resistance in this region, forming loose ties with the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies. The bandit leader Lao Pie-fang commanded several bands of Big Swords in western Fengtien. The Big Swords in southeast Kirin were allied with Wang Delin, and General Feng Zhanhai organized and trained a Big Sword Corps of 4,000 men.
The Red Spear Society groups were more widespread. Members formed important centers of resistance as the war spread out through the countryside. Red Spears frequently attacked the S.M.R. Zone from the Hsinlintun and Tungfeng districts, close to Mukden and the Fushun coal mines. They were led by a young officer of the Fengtien Army, Tang Juwu. Red Spear Society units displayed extraordinary staying power in this area; almost two years after the Mukden Incident, a group of 1,000 Red Spear members stormed the Tungfeng prefecture near Mukden on June 3, 1933, long after the large Volunteer Armies had been defeated.
However, both the Red Spear Society and the Big Sword Society were made up largely of uneducated and poorly trained peasants, and had a traditionalist, quasi-religious character. Members of the brotherhoods placed their faith in rustic magic and belief in the righteous character's Heavenly reward. Big Sword members claimed that their spells made them immune to bullets. Red Spear bands were in many cases led by Buddhist monks as they went into battle, with their clothes and weapons decorated with magic inscriptions similar to that of the earlier Boxer Society.
Northeastern China was a poorly-governed frontier area at the turn of the 20th century and banditry was endemic. Some were hardened criminals who pillaged for a living; others were part-time bandits—who robbed only to survive when crops failed and they could not make a living on the land. As the population of Manchuria increased through the 1920s, some newcomers became squatters, then wanderers, and then outlaws. Even the settled Fengtien province, bandits known as Hun-hutze ("red beards") were common along the Peiping-Mukden railway and in the wooded southeast of the province along the Mukden-Antung railway near Korea. Powerful bandit gangs operated within a day's march of such major cities as Mukden and Harbin. The term " shanlin " was often used to describe the bandits because they knew the local terrain very well. Most operated in a fairly small area and maintained the goodwill of local peasants. Government troops had great difficulty in suppressing them as would the Japanese and Manchukuo forces in later years.
There was also a tradition of nationalistic banditry, dating back to the Russian invasion in July 1900 when Tsarist forces were sent to Manchuria, ostensibly to protect the Russian-owned Chinese Eastern Railway after the Boxer Rebellion. Wang Delin who opposed both the Russians and the Qing dynasty led a major bandit force against the Russians. His career as an outlaw continued until 1917, when he agreed to join the Jilin provincial forces. For former bandits to join the regular army quite common in the Warlord Era, as the bandits formed a convenient source of new soldiers. The converse was true as well–as the Fengtien Army retreated from the Japanese onslaught, thousands of soldiers deserted into the countryside to resume their former careers as bandits. During the Russo-Japanese War, many bandit groups actively cooperated with the Japanese Army, providing valuable military intelligence on Russian troop movements and deployment, and assisting in the securing of supplies.
After December 1931, the Japanese Army began operations "for the clearance of bandits" into the Fengtien countryside beyond the South Manchuria Railway Zone in counties west of Mukden, largely due to repeated bandit attacks, robberies and kidnappings on the Dalian-Mukden trains. Fighting supported by aircraft reportedly broke up several of the bandit gangs. In consequence bandits now resented the Japanese invasion, and began retaliatory attacks against isolated Japanese communities along the Mukden-Antung railway. Hun-hutze chieftain Lao Pie-fang, led several thousand followers to attack the southern portion of the S.M.R. mainline. The Japanese garrison of Newchwangchen was encircled and attacked by "1500 Chinese bandits under Lao Pie-fang," while other troops under his orders attacked in the Haicheng area. Japanese reinforcements quickly dispatched from Mukden forced Lao's retirement, but Lao Pie-fang re-emerged later as a Volunteer Army general, and was acclaimed as commander by both local Peasant Brotherhoods and Anti-Japanese militias.
Many bandits were admitted into the Volunteer Armies as the Japanese conquest advanced and the partisan resistance became an increasingly popular cause. Some professional bandits such as 'Old North Wind' Zhang Haitian, led their followers against Japan, but just as often continued to loot villages along the railway.
Formation of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies[edit]
Resistance in Harbin[edit]
When General Xi Qia of the Kirin Army, declared the province independent of the Republic of China, military and civil authorities in the province fractured into "New Kirin" adherents of his regime and loyalist "Old Kirin" elements in opposition to it; the former predominated near the capital and the latter predominating in Harbin and the rugged hinterland to the north and east.
Hostilities did not commence in the Harbin area until the end of January 1932, at about the same time as the January 28 Incident. General Ting Chao decided to defend the city, a key hub of rail and river communications in the north, against the approach of first General Xi Qia's "New Kirin" Army and then Japanese troops. He appealed to Harbin's Chinese residents to join his railway garrison regulars and hundreds of volunteers, joined the Jilin Self-Defence Army. The Defense of Harbin at the start of February, that rallied Harbin in the way that had already formed militias in Fengtien, convinced local authorities and leading citizens in the hinterlands of Kirin that they should resist Japan's occupation of the province and form their own bands and militia units.
General Ting Chao's beaten Jilin Self-Defence Army retired from Harbin to the northeast down the Sungari River, to join the Lower Sungari garrison of General Li Du to form the nucleus of armed opposition in north Kirin. Meanwhile in southeast Kirin Wang Delin, a battalion commander and former bandit chieftain in the region established the Chinese People's National Salvation Army or NSA, on February 8, 1932. Numbering over 1,000 men at the time, within a few months this army became a rallying point for resistance and one of the most successful of the volunteer armies.
Foundation of Manchukuo[edit]
With General Ting Chao defeated, Ma Zhanshan agreed to defect to the new Manchukuo Imperial Army on 14 February 1932 and retained his post as Governor of Heilungkiang Province in exchange for cooperating with the Japanese.
On February 27, 1932, General Ting Chao, offered to cease hostilities, ending official Chinese resistance in Manchuria.
Within days Henry Puyi, Manchurian former emperor of China, deposed in 1911, was made provisional president of the independent state of Manchukuo by the resolution of an All-Manchuria convention at Mukden, whose members included General Ma Zhanshan flown in from the north. The next day on March 1 the provisional Manchukuo Government was established with Ma Zhanshan as its Minister of War, in addition to his post as provincial governor. On March 9, the State of Manchukuo was inaugurated. The Chinese Government announced that not only did it not recognize the new state, but that asserted that Puyi been kidnapped by the Japanese.
Despite the end of official resistance with the defeat of General Ting Chao, all was not calm in Manchuria. In late February, General Wang Delin with 1,000 militia wrecked or burned 18 bridges on the Kirin-Tunhua Railway. Wang also recaptured the town of Dunhua on February 20. In March 1932, a Japanese and Manchukuo expeditionary force sent against Wang was defeated in a series of battles around the shore of Lake Jingbo losing hundreds of casualties. These battles were small in scale, with the militias using their knowledge of the local terrain to set ambushes, eventually compelling the Japanese to retreat to Harbin.
That the Japanese had suffered a military defeat at the hands of a motley collection of irregular forces was a considerable political embarrassment. Japan was anxious to present Manchukuo to the world as a peaceful nation, especially as a League of Nations delegation was now investigating the situation. When the news of the victories of Wang's Chinese People's National Salvation Army spread around eastern Kirin, hundreds of troops who had been reluctant members of the new Manchukuo Imperial Army, defected to the NSA and estimates of its total strength in April rose from 4,500 to above 10,000 and, possibly nearer 15,000 organized in five brigades.
War of the Volunteer Armies and "Anti-bandit Operations" 1932 - 1933[edit]
The conflict begins[edit]
Following the establishment of Manchukuo, fires were set in the Japanese quarter of Mukden. General Honjo's train suffered an attack which was repulsed, and minor revolts began in the remoter parts of Manchuria.
With the end of winter in 1932, the Japanese launched expeditions from Harbin into the interior of Kirin province, striking northeast down the Sungari River and east along the Chinese Eastern Railway mainline against General Ting's Jilin Self-Defence Army, (called the "Anti-Kirin Army" by the Japanese). This was the Subjugation of the Anti-Kirin Army campaign in Kirin province that lasted from March to June 1932. The campaign pushed the Jilin forces into the north and east of the Kirin province and secured control of the Sungari River, however, Ting's forces continued to resist, sometimes occupying towns along the eastern section of the Chinese Eastern Railway, between Harbin and the Soviet border.
To the southwest another force under General Li Hai-ching headquartered at Fuyu[disambiguation needed] was in control of the territory round about and southward as far as Nungan[disambiguation needed]. This force was called the Anti-Japanese Army For The Salvation Of The Country and equipped with light artillery and numerous machine guns. On March 29, 1932 Li Hai-ching's forces defeated regular troops of the Manchukuo Governor Xi Qia outside the town of Nungan, only 35 miles (56 km) from the capital of Shinkyo. On previous day, a party of 100 policemen was surrounded by volunteer troops in the afternoon as they were proceeding to Nungan in a truck convoy carrying 200,000 rounds of rifle ammunition and 50,000 trench mortar shells from the Kirin City Arsenal. All were either taken prisoner or surrendered. Deprived of their supply of ammunition, the resistance of Manchukuo forces in Nungan dissolved next day. Nungan was soon reported on the verge of surrender.
Small Japanese detachments sent from Changchun radioed for help, after suffering heavy casualties in the fighting. Japanese forces from the east at Yao-men, tried to fight their way through to Nungan with the support of bombers, but the defenders radio ceased broadcasting, Li's Anti-Japanese Army having captured the town. Finally the next day, the Japanese succeeded in driving Li's forces out of the town mainly as a result of airplane bombing, against which they had little defense.
The Revolt of Ma Zhanshan[edit]
Despite being appointed Minister of War in the Manchukuo government and provincial governor, Muslim General Ma Zhanshan was kept under very strict control by the Japanese military. He had to ask for approval from his Japanese advisor on all matters regarding the provincial administration. Dissatisfied with the situation, Ma raised and re-equipped his private army in secret using Japanese money and weapons. As the Governor of Heilungkiang, he used his authority to secretly transport weapons and ammunition out of the arsenals and evacuated the wives and families of his troops to safety. He then led his troops out of Tsitsihar on April 1, stating that he was going on a military inspection tour.
At Heihe on April 7, Ma announced the reestablishment of the "Heilungkiang Provincial Government" independent of Manchukuo, and reorganized his troops into 9 brigades at the beginning of May. Ma also established another eleven troops of volunteers at Buxi, Gannan, Keshan, Kedong and other places. This became the Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army. Ma was also appointed nominal commander-in-chief, over all other Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies that were forming in various locations, and commanded a total fighting force of about 300,000 men at peak strength according to Japanese estimates.
After sending some troops to aid General Ting Chao in the lower Sungari River area, Ma struck out toward Harbin with six infantry and cavalry regiments, 20 field artillery pieces and a small squadron of seven planes. His units set ambushes along major roads and badly mauled Manchukuo and Japanese troops. When he was blocked from reaching Harbin, he turned southwest towards Tsitsihar.
At the same time northwest of Harbin, irregular war began to flare up in the countryside of Heilungkiang province. Manchukuo troops mutinied, briefly holding the transportation hubs along the Tsitsihar-Keshan and Harbin-Hailun railways, or departing to join the forces of General Ma. Mounted bandits appeared by the hundreds to loot towns on the Chinese Eastern Railway mainline west of Harbin. Other partisans rose up in the Taonan region, disrupting service on the Taonan-Tsitsihar railway.
To restore control, the Japanese Army launched the Ma Chan-shan Subjugation campaign from April through July 1932. The Japanese struck northwards up the Harbin-Hailun and Tsitsihar-Keshan railways, driving back General Ma's forces, and setting out from the railheads in powerful pincer movements to encircle groups of Ma's troops. General Ma reported on June 8 that he had decided to adopt guerrilla warfare tactics, retaining only one detachment of 1,000 soldiers as his personal command as a regular force. All other units were dispersed as small groups of partisans, roving countryside on horseback. By July, General Ma Zhanshan's troops were seriously depleted in the resulting battles, and only small numbers of men were able to break through the tight Japanese encirclement.
General Ma Zhanshan commanded 3,500 guerilla fighters against the Japanese, conducting attacks such as a raid on the Manchukuo treasury, attacking Changchun, the capital, and hijacking from an airfield six Japanese planes.[1]
General Ma caused so much trouble to the Japanese, that when his equipment and horse were captured, the Japanese presented them to the Emperor in Tokyo, assuming that he was dead. They were enraged to discover that he had survived and escaped.[2]
After General Ma escaped, his men kept up the fight, terrorizing the Japanese invaders. They seized 350 Japanese and Korean hostages and held them for weeks and kidnapped foreigners such as a British General's son and an American executive's wife.[3]
Revolts of the Volunteer Armies south of Harbin[edit]
In late April, the Chinese Eastern Railway was cut 65 miles (105 km) south of Harbin, by an estimated 3,000 Chinese soldiers under General Li Hai-ching. Li's troops ripped up the railway tracks, tore down telegraph wires, and captured a train from Harbin. They looted the train and dispersed before Japanese troops arrived on the scene.
In eastern Manchukuo, Wang Delin's troops set three minor railway stations afire and gutted the city of Suifenho near the Russian border. Drawing more troops from the seemingly quiet southern Fengtien province, the Japanese launched the Li Hai-ching Subjugation Operation in May 1932. A mixed force of Japanese and Manchukuo troops attacked Li Hai-ching's guerrillas in southern Heilungkiang province from three directions, rapidly dispersing them and securing control of the region.
However in May 1932, with Japanese forces concentrated in the north, Tang Juwu in eastern Liaoning judged that the time was ripe for his army to go on the offensive. Tang's army, numbering 20,000 men surrounded the Japanese Tunghua garrison. In reaction the Manchukuo police and detachments of the Manchukuo Army attempted to relieve the siege in the First Tungpientao Clearance. They were unable to defeat Tang but did relieve the siege. However his force continued as a threat in the region to the east of Mukden and communications with Korea. Based in the Tungpientao area, his army fought with both the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in Mukden and the Manchukuo Fengtian Army. Although all major cities had been lost, the volunteer armies gained a new lease of life during the summer of 1932 and reached their greatest strength.
Also in May, Feng Zhanhai and a sizeable detachment of the Jilin Self-Defence Army of 15,000 men in western Kirin province cut communications to the south and east of Harbin. In response the Japanese and Manchukuo armies launched two campaigns to clear Feng's force out of the countryside. From June to July 1932 the Feng Chan-hai Subjugation Operation cleared the Shuangcheng, Acheng, Yushu, Wuchang, and Shulan districts south of Harbin, of Feng's Anti-Japanese forces and forced Feng to retreat to the west.
Massive floods along the Nonni and Sungari Rivers inundated some 10,000 square miles (30,000 km2) round Harbin throughout August, providing a crucial breathing spell to Volunteer Army bands in the plains and lower Sungari, Japanese operations in the area had to halt until the waters subsided. The Japanese concentrated forces northwest of Harbin against General Ma Zhanshan in spring and summer of 1932, which permitted an escalation of partisan activity in Kirin and Fengtien provinces, which culminated in simultaneous attacks on cities throughout the South Manchurian Railway Zone when the August floods both halted Japanese operations based on Harbin, and isolated the troops engaged on them. However, the floods also ruined crops not already destroyed in the war, putting more pressure on the Volunteer Armies, which foraged for their sustenance in the countryside.
Defeat of the Volunteer Armies[edit]
Mongolian bandit forces were able to attack the Ssutao (Siping - Taonan) Railway where it was isolated by the flooding in August, and took the small town of Tongyu. On August 20 a Manchukuo relieving force was sent on the Mongolian Bandit Subjugation Operation and after a short battle Tonyu was recovered on August 31, 1932.
On September 2, 1932 during the Second Feng Chan-hai Subjugation operation a force of the Manchukuo Kirin Guard Army cornered Feng Zhanhai's Volunteer Army retreating from the previous subjugation operation. Although surrounded, over half the guerrillas were able to slip through the encirclement and make good their escape to Jehol.
Su Bingwen's revolt[edit]
General Su Bingwen the "Barga District" at the extreme west of Heilungkiang on the Soviet frontier, had kept his isolated command beyond the Hsingan Mountains, free any of the fighting or any Japanese troops, doing nothing in support of either Manchukuo or Ma Zhanshan. As a consequence the farmers settled along the Chinese Eastern Railway mainline west of Tsitsihar had remained undisturbed by warfare and were able to get in their harvests.
On September 27, 1932 when the Japanese turned their attention south to restore the security of the vital facilities in the southern Manchukuo which were endangered by the activities of the Volunteer Armies, General Su Bingwen's soldiers staged a mutiny, seizing hundreds of Japanese civilians and isolated military personnel as hostages. The mutineers, calling themselves the Heilungkiang National Salvation Army moved eastwards aboard trains to join General Ma Zhanshan in recapturing the provincial capital of Tsitsihar.
Ma Zhanshan had emerged onto the plains again from his shelter in the Lesser Khingan mountains along the Amur River after the Japanese had defeated his forces in the north. He arrived in Longmen County in September and joined Su Bingwen's mutineers for a joint campaign.
However food shortages were particularly acute in Heilungkiang after the devastation wrought by the August flooding. The Heilungkiang troops and Ma's Army were being supplied with provisions commandeered unwillingly from local farmers, and soon there was nothing left to seize.
In mid-October, Ma's forces captured Antachen west of Harbin on the C. E. R. mainline, forced the merchants of the city to give 50,000 dollars to them, and confiscated every horse they could find. On October 26, Laha a town 70 miles (110 km) north of Tsitsihar, was attacked by Ma's forces with their remaining artillery in support. The Japanese garrison was subjected to a long, intensive, and well-directed bombardment.
For eight days the Japanese garrison commanded by a Captain Hayashi at Taian on the Tsitsihar-Koshen railway was encircled by some 4,000 Volunteers, until it succeeded in repulsing them on October 28 following severe fighting, in which twenty eight Japanese (including Captain Hayashi) were killed or wounded. A cavalry detachment, the Kawase Detachment of 59 horsemen sent out toward Taian, disappeared on the frosted prairie. On November 8 the sole survivor, a Sergeant Iwakami, arrived in Tsitsihar to tell how the detachment had been annihilated outside Taian.
In reaction, the Japanese organized the Su Ping-wei Subjugation Campaign from November to December 1932. Nearly 30,000 Japanese and Manchukuo soldiers including the Japanese 14th Infantry Division and Mongol cavalrymen of the Manchukuo Hsingan Army directed a fierce campaign against Su and Ma's troops. On November 28, 1932, Japanese 14th division attacked Ma Zhanshan and Su Bingwen around Tsitsihar. Japanese planes bombed Ma Zhanshan's headquarters in Hailar. By December 3, the Japanese took Ma Zhanshan's Hailar headquarters. And the following day, after heavy fighting, Ma Zhanshan and Su Bingwen with the remnants of their forces fled Hailar for the Soviet border and entered Russian territory on December 5. Most of their troops were later transferred to Rehe.
Final Operations in eastern Manchukuo[edit]
Diverted from their preparations for invading Jehol province by the widespread partisan activity by the forces of Ma and Su in Heilungkiang, Japanese forces concentrated to the west. The forces of Feng Zhanhai and Wang Delin in Fengtian and Kirin were thus free attack the railroads and other places in the South Manchuria Railway Zone and managed to briefly occupy the capital of Kirin province.
On September 10, 1932, at Yaomin on the C. E. R. spur-line between Changchun and Harbin, 1,000 bandits drove out the Manchukuo garrison. They then looted the town for two hours as fighting went on. The garrison was able to rally and counterattack and repulse their opponents.
On a raid on September 11, Volunteer Army partisans derailed a train between Changchun and Harbin and robbed the survivors, kidnapping some for ransom, including five Japanese.
On September 15, a Red Spear militia not from the area, but merely passing through Pingdingshan village, fired on Japanese soldiers and later had attacked the Japanese garrison in the nearby industrial city of Fushun. The next day in retaliation Japanese soldiers and police in tracking the rebels as they fled back through the villages, assumed all who were in the vicinity either to be members of the militia or their confederates and punished them, by burning homes and summary execution, bayoneting and machine-gunning village residents and killing some 3,000 men, women, and children, leaving only one survivor in the whole village. This became known as the Pingdingshan Massacre.[4]
Meanwhile in October to the west, a Manchukuo and Japanese force in the Li Hai-ching Subjugation, confronted the 3,000 man Li Hai-ching guerrilla force that had returned to attack Manchukuo and Japanese forces in south Heilungkiang province and forced their retreat into Jehol province.
Finally the Japanese took the initiative in the east. In mid-October, the Japanese estimated Tang Juwu's forces in the fourteen counties of south and eastern Fengtien at about 30,000 men. On October 11, 1932, the Japanese counterattacked in the Second Tungpientao Subjugation. The Fengtian Army of seven brigades supported a Japanese force of two cavalry brigades and one mixed brigade that spearheaded the clearance of guerrillas from the Tungpientao district. They attacked Tang Juwu's forces in the Tonghua and Huanren area. Tang Juwu broke through the Japanese encirclement to the west. On the 16th, the Japanese took over Tonghua, and on the 17th, Huanren, suffering casualties of 500 men while killing 270 and capturing 1,000.
Following that operation up from October to November 1932 in the Shenyang, Changchun, Jilin Subjugation the Japanese swept through the territory between Mukden, Changchun and Kirin, and forcing the Chinese guerrilla forces of Wang Delin to retreat towards Huinan and Siping.
From November 6 to November 20, 1932 the Manchukuo Army launched the Ki Feng - Lung District Subjugation Operation clearing the Ki Feng-lung district of guerrillas with 5,000 Manchukuo soldiers consisting of a battalion of the Chinganyuchitui and the 2nd Cavalry Regiment of the Fengtien Army and a Cavalry detachment of the Kirin Army.
The Third Tungpientao Subjugation operation, from November 22 to December 5, 1932, was launched to finally clear the remnants of Tang Juwu's guerrilla forces that had regrouped after the Second Tungpientao Subjugation campaign. The Manchukuo force was made up of a unit of Chinganyuchitui as well as locally raised militia forces from the Yalu, Central and Shenghai districts totaling 5,000 men. The operation was a success and led to the capture of 1,800 "bandits", some of whom were later recruited into the Manchukuo Army.
On December 24, 1932, the Japanese 10th Division attacked guerrilla forces to the north of Mudanjiang River. January 5, 1933, General Kuan Chang-ching was forced to surrender his Volunteers at Suifehno on the Soviet frontier. On January 7, 1933, Japanese took over Mishan. On January 9, 1933, Li Du's guerrilla forces crossed Ussuri River into the USSR.
By the end of February 1933, most of the large Volunteer Armies had dispersed into small guerrilla bands or had fled to the Soviet Union.
This was not the end of the Volunteer Armies. Some fought on as small guerrilla units, frequently called "shanlin". The bandit experiences of some of the commanders stood them in good stead for they were adept at surviving in the Manchurian winters and adapted to guerrilla warfare and they continued to harass the Japanese and Manchukuo forces for many years.
The Japanese were forced to tie up considerable military forces and assets to continuously sweep the region with company-sized patrols for many months. Occasionally they organized larger operations. After a resurgence of activity the Japanese were forced to organize the large-scale Kirin Province Subjugation operation in October and November 1933. It involved 35,000 men of the Manchukuo Army in an attempt to clear the province of Kirin entirely of guerrillas. The Manchukuo force included the whole of the Kirin Army as well as the elements of the Heilungkiang Army, Hsingan Army and the Hsinching Independent Cavalry Detachment. The operation was deemed a success and led to the capture and death of a number of anti-Japanese commanders.
Of the forces that fled Manchukuo, Feng Zhanhai and his men went on to serve against the Japanese Operation Nekka in Rehe and later with Feng Yuxiang's Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army in Chahar 1933. His forces were incorporated into the National Revolutionary Army as a division and fought in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Tang Juwu fought against the Japanese in Rehe, and was made head of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteer 3rd Corps. After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, he was assigned to operate behind the Japanese lines where he was killed on May 18, 1939. After his retreat to the Soviet Union, Su Bingwen served the Kuomintang government as a military board member and military inspection group director during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Out of favor with Chiang kai-Shek, it was not until after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident that Ma Zhanshan was made commander of the Northeastern Advance Force in charge guerrilla operations in the four northeastern provinces of Liaoning, Kirin, Heilungkiang and Rehe. Ma led his troops to fight the Japanese in Chahar, Suiyuan, Datong and Shanxi areas and he cooperated with Fu-Zuyi's troops in the defense of Suiyuan. Ma was appointed as Chairman of the government of Heilongjiang in August 1940, and continued to hold that position to the end of the war.
Of the Volunteer guerrilla leaders remaining in Manchukuo, Wang Fengge was captured in 1937 and executed, along with his wife and child. Wu Yicheng fought on with a small band of followers until 1937. Although Kong Xianrong, Wang Delin's deputy, gave up the struggle, his wife and another of Wang Delin's subordinates, Yao Zhenshan, led a small band which fought on until the spring of 1941 when it was annihilated.
Communists and the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army 1934-1941[edit]
Early Conflict with the Anti Japanese Armies[edit]
After the invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the Chinese Communist Party organized a number of small anti-Japanese guerrilla units dedicated both to resistance against the Japanese and also to social revolution. However these units were far smaller than the various Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies which had been raised by based on patriotic appeal.
When the first Volunteer Armies were organized, the Communist Party was initially completely hostile, mistrusting their motives and leadership. They also feared that the Volunteer Armies would give the Japanese a pretext for attacking the Soviet Union. The Communist Party in northeast China even issued an appeal for the volunteers to kill their officers and join the Communists in a social revolution.
Despite Party disapproval, some Communist Party members joined or rendered assistance to the various Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies, and some rose to senior positions within the volunteer forces. They were particularly influential in Wang Delin's Chinese People's National Salvation Army (NSA), where Li Yanlu and Zhou Baozhong became high-ranking officers. At first the Party severely criticized their conduct.
However, the Communists eventually had to face the fact that their current propaganda made them almost irrelevant to the anti-Japanese cause. The actions of Party members who joined or aided the various Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies eventually persuaded the international Communist movement to move towards a popular front policy in 1935. The Communist Party came to accept that whole-hearted support for the anti-Japanese movement and the postponement of revolutionary goals was essential if the Chinese Communists were to remain a serious political force.
In 1934, after the defeat of the large Volunteer Armies, there were still various resistance forces with an estimated 50,000 men still in the field. All the Communist Party units were reorganized into the single Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, with Zhao Shangzhi as Commander-in-chief. The army was open to all who wanted to resist the Japanese and as it proclaimed its willingness to ally with all other anti-Japanese forces, this army won over some of the shanlin bands, including former NSA units.
United Front[edit]
In 1935, when the Party officially changed policy, and began creating a united front, the army welcomed and absorbed most of the remaining anti-Japanese forces in Manchuria and some Korean resistance fighters including Kim Il-sung. The number of insurgents in 1935 stood at about 40,000 men. The army was organized into Yang Jingyu's 1st Route Army (Fengtien Province), Zhou Baozhong's 2nd Route Army (Kirin Province), and Li Zhaolin's 3rd Route Army (Heilongjiang Province). The army's strategy was to form pockets of resistance in occupied areas, to harass the Japanese troops and undermine their attempts at administration, and when the Second Sino-Japanese War began in earnest in 1937, to make attacks to keep as many Japanese troops as possible from being sent into China. It conducted a protracted campaign which threatened the stability of the Manchukuo regime, especially during 1936 and 1937.
The recently reformed Manchukuo Imperial Army replied with a major campaign with 16,000 men from October 1936 to March 1937, against the 1st Route Army in the Tungpientao region. This was the first time it operated against the guerrillas without the support of Japanese troops. Despite heavy casualties the Manchukuo Army managed to kill over two thousand guerrillas including some of their leaders. Thus, the number of insurgents declined to 30,000 in 1936; and 20,000 in 1937.
An even larger and longer campaign from November 1937 to March 1939, was waged by 24,000 Manchukuo troops against the 2nd Route Army in the area between the Amur, Sungari and Ussuri Rivers. In the latter half of 1938, the Japanese Army concentrated troops in eastern Fengtien province, to encircle the remnants of Yang Jingyu's army, the most dangerous of the Anti-Japanese forces, with the most reliable base area. Although the Japanese managed to cut off the supply lines to the guerrillas, they persevered, frequently launching attacks that compelled the Japanese and Manchukuoans to divert forces into punitive expeditions against them.
As of September 1938, the number of insurgents had dwindled to an estimated 10,000 combatants as a result of years of fighting and privation. The Kwantung Army then brought reinforcements with a plan to mop up the remaining anti-Japanese forces in Fengtien. This operation gradually produced a critical lack of supplies, and from January to mid-February 1940 Yang Jingyu led the struggle until he died on February 23, 1940 trying to break out of the encirclement when an officer betrayed his detachment.
With its strongest armies dispersed or destroyed and its base areas pacified, the remnant resistance fighters, including Kim Il-sung, were gradually forced to retreat into Siberia between 1940 and 1942. In November 1941, Li Zhaolin entered the Soviet Union. By July 1942 Zhou Baozhong followed. Finally on February 12, 1942, Zhao Shangzhi was captured by Japanese military police after being attacked by one of their agents, and later died.
- ^ Jonathan Fenby (2005). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Carroll & Graf Publishers. p. 216. ISBN 0-7867-1484-0. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
- ^ John Gunther (2007). Inside Asia - 1942 War Edition. READ BOOKS. p. 306. ISBN 1-4067-1532-8. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ^ Jonathan Fenby (2005). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Carroll & Graf Publishers. p. 217. ISBN 0-7867-1484-0. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
- ^ Pingdingshan Massacre Memorial
- Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) 2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.
- Jowett, Phillip S., Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan's Asian Allies 1931-45, Volume I: China & Manchuria, 2004. Helion & Co. Ltd., 26 Willow Rd., Solihul, West Midlands, England.
- 中国抗日战争正面战场作战记 (China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations)
- Guo Rugui, editor-in-chief Huang Yuzhang
- Jiangsu People's Publishing House
- Date published : 2005-7-1
- Online in Chinese: http://www.wehoo.net/book/wlwh/a30012/A0170.htm
- 第二部分:从"九一八"事变到西安事变 辽宁义勇军的抗日斗争 1
- Second part: From "9/18" emergency to Xi'an Incident The Liaoning volunteers' opposition to Japan struggles
- 第二部分:从"九一八"事变到西安事变吉林义勇军的抗日斗争 1
- Second part: From "9/18" emergency to Xi'an Incident The Jilin volunteers' opposition to Japan struggles
- 第二部分:从"九一八"事变到西安事变 黑龙江义勇军的抗日斗争 1
- Second part: From "9/18" emergency to Xi'an Incident Heilongjiang volunteers' opposition to Japan struggle
- 第二部分:从"九一八"事变到西安事变东北义勇军抗日斗争简析 1
- Second part: From "9/18" emergency to Xi'an Incident Northeast Righteous and Brave Army opposition to Japan struggles analysis
- Coogan, Anthony, The volunteer armies of Northeast China, History Today; July 1993, Vol. 43 Issue 7, pp.36-41
- "The Magistrate", Notes On A Guerrilla Campaign, from http://www.democraticunderground.com, 06/28/2003, accessed December 20, 2006
External links[edit]
- IMTFE Judgement, Invasion & Occupation of Manchuria
- Pacification of Manchukuo 1932-1941 includes some photos
- Jan. 25, 1932 issue of TIME magazine, Explanations
- Pingdingshan massacre
- Modern Manchuria-Political (Inset-Mukden) 现代满洲-政治(放大图-沈阳) Map of Manchuria c. 1935 http://map.huhai.net/72.jpg from http://map.huhai.net on June 27, 2007, archived on http://web.archive.org accessed May 24, 2013]
- Modern Manchuria and Mongolia-Economic (Inset-Foreign Trade of Manchuria for 1930) 现代满洲和蒙古经济(放大图-1930年对外贸易) Geography Map of Manchuria in the 1930's, http://map.huhai.net/73.jpg from http://map.huhai.net on July 27, 2007, archived on http://web.archive.org accessed May 24, 2013
- Noam Chomsky, On the Backgrounds of the Pacific War, Article 1967.
- Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection Manchuria 1:250,000, Series L542, U.S. Army Map Service, 1950- Topographic Maps of Manchuria during the Second World War.


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*You will enhance your strategic thinking across various industry sectors. In this agency it's not about the amount of coverage you get, it's about the quality of the coverage and who is seeing it.
*You will be joining the agency when it is moving from start-up phase to moving into an established small agency. This will give you the chance to help shape and grow the agency.
*You will learn from some of the best MD's in the industry. They are highly regarded amongst the business and PR community
As an Account Manager in this agency you will work across a variety of sectors from education, entrepreneurial start-ups to food accounts. You will focus on a mix of B2B, consumer and corporate communications but will take the angle of doing research to ensure you position the brands in the right light and creative thought provoking coverage.
The candidate who secures this opportunity will come from a varied account focus and have a good mixture of B2B and consumer experience. You will be a precise communicator, someone who thinks about the bigger picture and provide examples of this at interview.
Apart from the opportunity to work in an agency that is rising to the top (and fast) a highly competitive salary is on offer £35 000 - £45 000 depending on experience.
Apply below or contact Dean Connelly on 020 7845 7247 for a confidential discussion.
This job has now expired
Major Players
14 February 2013
14 March 2013
Dean Connelly
City of London
Contract Type
£35000 - £40000 per annum + benefits
Further information
Major Players
Major Players is a full service creative, PR and marketing recruitment agency based in Covent Garden. We offer roles from Junior Account Executive up to MD level, across all areas of public relations.


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Sink Mate Cutting Board - Almond
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Star Trek: Archives Volume 5-The Best of James T. Kirk
This six-issue collection includes the fan-favorite "Trial of James T. Kirk" Star Trek written by New York Times best-selling author Peter David. As the Klingons and Nasguls pursue their vendetta against the captain, a deadly bounty hunter is eyeing the price they've placed on his head. But if the Kirk is fortunate enough to survive the encounter, will he survive the attentions of his own Federation, eagerly looking for a scapegoat to preserve universal peace?


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Friday, October 8, 20108:00 - 10:00 AM
Morgan Lewis New York Office101 Park AvenueManhattan
This is a complimentary program sponsored by The Dennis J. Block Center for the Study of International Business Law at Brooklyn Law School and Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP on the impact of the SEC's possible adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
We will be discussing the effect of IFRS on U.S. companies, and on U.S. control of accounting standards.
Topics will include: • The key differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, including contingencies • The SEC's process for considering the adoption of IFRS for U.S. companies • The impact on U.S. companies • The impact on the SEC's influence over accounting standards
Application for accreditation of this CLE program in NY, NJ, PA, and several other states is still pending.
Speakers will include:Linda L. GriggsPartner, Morgan Lewis
Lou PizzileoPartner, J.H. Cohn LLP
Rhoda Dhar Americas Head of Accounting Policy and Transaction Support, Credit Suisse Securities USA LLC
Moderator:Roberta KarmelCentennial Professor of Law, Brooklyn Law School
Attendance for this event is by invitation only. For more information, please contact the Office of Events at 718-780-7966.
Symposium: Friday, April, 4, 2014 RSVP online. Learn more.


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DMC designs, produces, and fulfills innovative marketing campaigns that create a massive direct response with the objective of growing our client's top line sales by a minimum of 5% within 90 days of launching a campaign.
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A la carte- Some business owners just don't have the marketing budget to create a custom campaign. That's why DMC offers many "plug and play" marketing products such as our 3D and Lumpy Mailers, Shooks, MiniZines, or our latest and most impactful innovation Print-A-Vision. You provide the copy and branding, and we do the rest.
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Red Carpet & Party Hotels for the Oscars
Steve Martin and Alec Baldwin will be hosting the 82nd Academy Awards on March 7, 2010 at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood.
It's customary at this stage to write about the best hotels for the Oscars – the ones which are strategically located for the red carpet, the Los Angeles hotels with the most glitz and glamor for the after-parties, etc.
Also, since not everyone will be in LA, you'll find below famed hotels around the world with strong connections to tinseltown.
LA Inc. – The official tourism marketing organization for Los Angeles has come up with an LA Guide to the Oscars, with a neat roundup of hotels that have links and/or proximity to the Oscars and the Kodak Theatre at Hollywood and Highland.
The Renaissance Hollywood Hotel & Spa offers a vantage point for celebrity spotting and for watching the preparations; the Roosevelt Hotel for soaking in the Oscar history; the new W Hotel with it's own red carpet; and the Hotel Bel-Air and Beverly Wilshire as celebrity hotspots.
Movie Hotels - List of America's top 10 movie hotels, where countless classic celluloid scenes have been shot. The list is topped by the Fairmont San Francisco, followed by the Bellagio in Las Vegas and the Plaza Hotel (also a Fairmont) in New York.
Two LA -based stars on TA's list of movie hotels include the Millenium Biltmore and the aforementioned Beverly Wilshire.
The remainder is rounded up by the Renaissance St. Louis, The Roosevelt Hotel in New York, Fontainebleau Miami Beach, Timberline Lodge in Oregon, and the Mountain Lake Hotel in Pembroke, VA.
Hotel-themed Movies - List of the top 8 academy award winning hotel movies. As in movies centred around a hotel, which went on to be nominated for an Oscar or worse…
The top three on the list are Grand Hotel (Berlin), Hotel Rwanda and Hotel Paraiso (Portugal).
The remaining five are made up of Four Rooms and Hotel, Holiday Inn, The Inn of the Sixth Happiness, Hôtel Terminus – The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie, and International Hotel (aka The V.I.P.s).
Celebrity Hotels – List of the world's top 10 hotels owned by celebrities. Properties on this list owned by Hollywood stars include Robert Redford's cool Sundance Resort in Utah, Robert De Niro's hot Greenwich Hotel in New York and Francis Ford Coppola's soothing Blancaneaux Lodge in San Ignacio, Belize.
Lastly, here's a few takes from UpTake on celebrity hotels where you'll get a red carpet welcome, mingle with Hollywood celebs and enjoy the Oscar party atmosphere.
Take 1 – Chateau Marmont, Hollywood
Take 2 – The Standard Downtown, Los Angeles
Take 3 – The Mondrian, West Hollywood
Take 4 – Soho Grand, NYC
Take 5 – Cheeca Spa and Lodge, Florida Keys
Take 6 – Hotel Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
Take 7 – Huka Lodge, Taupo, NZ
Take 8 – Guanahani Hotel and Spa, St. Barthelemy, West indies
Take 9 – Byblos Hotel in St. Tropez, France
Take 10 – One & Only Palmilla, Cabo San Lucas
Photo credits – Giant Oscar – Alan Light; Plaza Hotel – TripAdvisor; Chateau Marmont – Gary Minnaert
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Pepper - r u waiting 4 me 2 talk 2 u, or do u not wanna talk 2 me?
Mindfuct - I'm playing the waiting game!
Pepper - oh. i was, too. i always wait for people to talk to me first. it kinda causes me problems, though, but we won't get into taht.
Mindfuct - why do you always wait?
Pepper - cause i'm incredibly shy. i do that face to face with people. even my friends.
Mindfuct - awww don't be shy with me my friend.
Pepper - :) well, how do i know u'r not busy?
Mindfuct - I don't do work. I don't get busy.
Pepper - so anytime i see u online u don't mind if i talk to u?
Mindfuct - not at all, unless I am enjoying a good game of kanasta!
Pepper - what's kanasta?
Mindfuct - It is a game of the mind involving world domination and paper cups!
Pepper - world domination and paper cups????
Mindfuct - Yes the paper cups represent the enemy states and you must burn them once you rape and pillage their towns
Pepper - okaaaaay..............
Mindfuct - You have never played this wonderful game?
Pepper - never even heard of it.
Mindfuct - I shall teach you get some cups
Pepper - how many?
Mindfuct - Oh about 4-500
Pepper - 400-500?! forget it. i don't have that many cups.
Mindfuct - Well you can purchase them from the local cup store
Pepper - local cup store?
Mindfuct - Yes you don't have those?!
Pepper - we have no cup stores where i live
Mindfuct - I have a cup store, they sell all kinds of cups, from pewter to plastic to paper.
Pepper - ??
Mindfuct - Fine, don't believe me!
Pepper - ok, ok. don't be like that. fine, i believe u.
Only three episodes left until the big finale of this show! The finale you have all been waiting for to season 4. Or was it season 5?
Top 10 Billionaires in the World? Most Powerful People in Tech? We've seen lists just like these for decades now. Recent features like Best Billionaires Under 40 have attempted to shake things up by getting more specific, but they need to go even further.
Did anybody even want this sequel?
James Callis delivers easily the best-worst Merlin performance of the last 500 years.
Our Something Awful ICQ pranks target the worst and most idiotic folks on the Internet. Believe it or not, these ICQ pranks are all - unfortunately - real.
Copyright ©2014 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


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One spin of Carolina Chocolate Dropsâ cover of Blu Cantrellâs âHit âEm Up Styleâ â complete with beatboxing â and you know youâre not dealing with a typical string band.
Like fellow North Caroliners the Avett Brothers, this progressive roots trio matches their taste for tradition with a healthy modern appetite.
âTradition is a guide, not a jailer,â fiddler Justin Robinson explains on the groupâs website. That certainly seems to be the modus operandi on the bandâs Nonesuch Records debut, Genuine Negro Jig, which tackles traditionals (âCornbread and Butterbeans,â âTrouble on Your Mindâ) and contemporary covers (including âStyleâ and Tom Waitsâ âTrampled Roseâ) alike. Along the rhythm-heavy way, youâll hear the highly vocal group mimic jaw-harps, drum machines and kazoos, complimenting serious skill with a great sense of humor.
The band comes to Nashville on Tuesday, Dec. 7 for an 18-and-older show at the Mercy Lounge (1 Cannery Row, 251-3020). It starts at 8 p.m., and tickets are $15 in advance, $17 day of show.


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Jeff Phelps
Jeff Phelps begins his 9th season as the co-host of "Cavaliers Live," the Cavaliers pregame and postgame show on FOX Sports Ohio. Phelps also serves as sideline reporter during both home and road game telecasts.
Along with his Cavalier duties, Phelps has performed a variety of other duties with FOX Sports Ohio, including play-by-play of Mid-American Conference football and basketball games, play-by-play of Thursday Night High School Football, hosting Cleveland Indians pregame and postgame shows, and hosting Cleveland Browns, Ohio State football and Mid-American Conference programming. He's also currently the host and producer of a classic car television show, "Cruise-In."
Prior to joining FOX Sports Ohio in 2003, Phelps spent 15 years with WUAB-TV and WOIO-TV in Cleveland as a sports anchor-reporter. Phelps began his career in sports broadcasting at WAKR-TV-Radio in Akron. He then moved on to KJAC-TV in Beaumont, Texas, where he served as a sports anchor-reporter for five years.
A three-time Emmy award-winner for sports reporting, Phelps was named Ohio Sportscaster of the Year by the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association in 1994. He was a 2007 inductee into the Radio/Television Broadcasters Hall of Fame of Ohio.
A graduate of Kent State University, Phelps currently resides in Medina, Ohio with his wife and their three children.
Jeff Phelps Offers His Thoughts On Mike Pettine
Thoughts on Mike Pettine's introductory press conference, after being named head coach of the Cleveland Browns.
92.3 The Fan–01/24/2014
Jeff Phelps' Thoughts On The Browns' 38-21 Loss To RG3-Less 'Skins
Without Robert Griffin III, who would have guessed the Redskins would have 430 yards in total offense?
92.3 The Fan–12/16/2012
Jeff Phelps' This Date In Sports History
Here's what happened on this date in sports history for December 10…
92.3 The Fan–12/10/2012
Jeff Phelps' Thoughts On Browns 30-7 Win Over KC
Jeff Phelps breaks down the Browns' 30-7 win over Kansas City from the opening kick to the final whistle.
92.3 The Fan–12/09/2012
Jeff Phelps' This Day In Sports History: Dec. 6
Here's what happened on this date in sports history for December 6
92.3 The Fan–12/06/2012
Jeff Phelps' This Day In Sports History: Dec. 3
Here's what happened on this date in sports history for December 3rd.
92.3 The Fan–12/03/2012
Jeff Phelps' Thoughts On The Browns' 20-17 Win At Oakland
Jeff Phelps offers his thoughts on the Cleveland Browns' 20-17 win over the Oakland Raiders to snap a 12-game road losing streak and give them their 4th win in the last 7 games.
92.3 The Fan–12/02/2012
Jeff Phelps' Thoughts On The Browns 20-14 Win Over The Steelers
"Baskin and Phelps" co-host Jeff Phelps gives his impression on the Browns big win on the Lakefront as they topped the Steelers Sunday 20-14
92.3 The Fan–11/25/2012
Jeff Phelps' This Date In Sports History For Nov. 19
On this date in sports history Albert Belle signed a 5-year contract with the White Sox for a record $55 million. He was the first player to surpass the $10 million per year mark.
92.3 The Fan–11/19/2012
Jeff Phelps Sifts Through Browns' OT Loss At Dallas
Jeff Phelps offers his own personal commentary from the first snap to the last in Sunday's 23-20 Browns overtime loss to Dallas.
92.3 The Fan–11/18/2012


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Originally published on Wed March 6, 2013 10:18 am
It's MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Steve Inskeep.
And I'm Renee Montagne.
Venezuela is in a state of mourning for its late president, Hugo Chavez. The outsized leader died yesterday in the capital, Caracas, after a two-year battle with cancer. He was 58. Hugo Chavez was both a polarizing and charismatic figure, and during his long rule he became an icon, beloved by Venezuela's poor and others in the region who admired his defiant stance toward the U.S.
NPR business news starts with markets on fire.
The death of Hugo Chavez could mean as much for Cuba as it will for Venezuela. As we just heard, Chavez looked to Fidel Castro for inspiration, and Castro has supplied Venezuela with thousands of Cuban doctors, health workers and security specialists. In return, Chavez sent a massive amount of Venezuelan oil to Cuba at cut-rate prices, and thus helped keep the Cuban economy afloat during years of crisis.
Joining us now is NPR's Tom Gjelten. Good morning.
TOM GJELTEN, BYLINE: Good morning, Renee.
March means spring break is just around the corner, and for New Mexico it means mild temperatures and fresh snow — perfect conditions for visiting area ski resorts.
A growing number of resorts are now offering programs that cater to vacationers with disabilities, and resort owners say it has proved to be a boost for business.
At a Taos Ski Valley chairlift, Barbara and Philip Logan prepare their son, Tilghman, for his first day of ski lessons.
House Speaker John Boehner held a news conference the day after the November election.
"The American people have spoken," he said. "They've re-elected President Obama. And they've again re-elected a Republican majority in the House of Representatives."
Originally published on Wed March 6, 2013 7:44 pm
Secretary of State John Kerry describes himself as a recovering politician. He's just getting used to the fact that he can't speak quite as freely as he did when he was a senator.
"Each word means more, each relationship is played differently," he said in an interview with NPR, at the end of a nine-nation swing through Europe and the Middle East. "As a senator, you just don't have those stakes riding in it."
A new study of Central African forest elephants has found their numbers down by 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. The study comes as governments and conservationists meet in Thailand to amend the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
Originally published on Thu March 7, 2013 1:30 pm
Increasingly, people are continuing to work past 65. Almost a third of Americans between the ages of 65 and 70 are working, and among those older than 75, about 7 percent are still on the job. In Working Late, a series for Morning Edition, NPR profiles older adults who are still in the workforce.
Mohsin Hamid's newest novel, How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia, takes its structure from the genre of self-help tutorials. Chapter 1: Move to the City. Chapter 2: Get an Education. Chapter 3: Don't Fall in Love (the book's nameless protagonist, who transforms from rural peasant to corporate tycoon, fails to follow this last directive). After all, the dogged pursuit of success doesn't happen in a vacuum.


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Online and interactive courses and wikis, and written guides and workbooks for self-study.
Basic topics covering general technology and upgrading to Office 2010.
Using tools, including wikis and email, to work with other staff and students.
Word processing applications, bibliographic software and working with PDF documents.
This article was published on Jan 7, 2014


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