text:
The Writings of George Washington, collected and edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1890). Vol. XII (1790-1794).
Liberty Fund, Inc. is a private, educational foundation established to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.
The text is in the public domain.
This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit.
Mount Vernon, 31 March, 1791.
Having been so fortunate as to reconcile the contending interests of Georgetown and Carrollsburg, and to unite them in such an agreement as permits the public purposes to be carried into effect on an extensive and proper scale, I have the pleasure to transmit to you the enclosed proclamation, which, after annexing the seal of the United States, and your countersignature, you will cause to be published.1
The terms entered into by me, on the part of the United States, with the landholders of Georgetown and Carrollsburg are, that all the land from Rock Creek along the river to the Eastern Branch, and so upwards to or above the Ferry, including a breadth of about a mile and a half, the whole containing from three to five thousand acres, is ceded to the public on condition, that, when the whole shall be surveyed and laid off as a city (which Major L'Enfant is now directed to do), the present proprietors shall retain every other lot; and for such part of the land as may be taken for public use, for squares, walks, &c., they shall be allowed at the rate of twenty-five pounds per acre, the public having the right to reserve such parts of the wood on the land, as may be thought necessary to be preserved for ornament; the landholders to have the use and profits of all the grounds until the city is laid off into lots, and sale is made of those lots, which, by this agreement, become public property. Nothing is to be allowed for the ground, which may be occupied as streets or alleys.
To these considerations all the principal landholders, except the purchaser of Slater's property, who was not present, have subscribed; and it is not doubted, that the few, who were not present, will readily come into the measure, even the obstinate Mr. Burns.
The enlarged plan of this agreement having done away the necessity, and indeed postponed the propriety, of designating the particular spot on which the public building should be placed, until an accurate survey and subdivision of the whole ground is made, I have left out that paragraph of the proclamation.
It was found on running the lines, that the comprehension of Bladensburg within the district must have occasioned the exclusion of more important objects; and of this I am convinced, as well by my own observation, as Mr. Ellicott's opinion. With great regard and esteem, I am, dear Sir, &c.
[1 ]"Finding the interests of the Landholders about Georgetown and those about Carrollsburgh much at variance, and that their fears and jealousies of each were counteracting the public purposes, and might prove injurious to its best interests, whilst if properly managed they might be made to subserve it—I requested them to meet me at six o'clock this afternoon at my lodgings, which they accordingly did."To this meeting I represented that the contention in which they seemed engaged, did not in my opinion comport either with the public interest or that of their own;—that while each party was aiming to obtain the public buildings, they might by placing the matter on a contracted scale, defeat the measure altogether, not only by procrastination, but for want of the means necessary to effect the work;—That neither the offer from Georgetown or Carrollsburgh, seperately, was adequate to the end of ensuring the object;—That both together did not comprehend more ground nor would afford greater means than was required for the federal City;—and that instead of contending which of the two should have it, they had better, by combining more offers to make a common cause of it, and thereby secure it to the district—Other arguments were used to show the danger which might result from delay, and the good effects that might proceed from a union."—Diary. Convinced by these arguments, the landholders agreed to surrender for the public interest one half of the lands they held, with some other stipulations. The proclamation, dated 30 March, 1791, fixed the following boundary lines:"Beginning at Jones's Point, being the upper Cape of Hunting Creek in Virginia, and at an angle in the outset of forty-five degrees west of the north, and running in a direct line ten miles, for the first line; then beginning again at the same Jones's Point, and running another direct line at a right angle with the first across the Potomac, ten miles, for the second line; then, from the termination of the said first and second lines, running two other direct lines of ten miles each, the one crossing the Eastern Branch aforesaid, and the other the Potomac, and meeting each other in a point."


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New day. New Daily Deal. Get it before it is gone.
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Item: 564835 Model: 3000
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
zachary quinto is great because theres two sides of him.
the man who is known as best dressed look
then you have the wats going on look.
classy millionaire
colorful hobo
suave well-dressed motherfucker
attractive dork
Holy mother of…
wait wat…
can i have four chicken nuggets
(Source: bones-get-that-thing-off-my-face, via lightlysaltedcrack)
Thanks to [x]#well maybe if you weren't so gosh darn LARGE #it honestly looks like you're holding a sandwich or a burrito
TBQH, it does look like he's holding a hot dog!
I am laughing obscenely hard at this
i legit laughed OUT LOUD
(Source: mightyheroes)


text: This place serves really fantastic burgers. Five guys-esque but less expensive and cow tippers serves a bigger burger. Try one here and I am willing to bet you won't go to Five guys for your cow "fix". I've been here about 3 times this year. Some people might question that, but how many times does one actually go to Five... More


text:
Springbrook Hospital is a psychiatric hospital in Brooksville, FL, with 50 beds.
For more about this hospital, see hospital details. The information shown is provided by the American Hospital Association, which compiles data on all U.S. hospitals through an annual survey and from other sources. Hospital ownership, number of doctors and nurses, volume of births and ER visits, and available services such as sports medicine are just a few examples of data collected by the AHA. Find out more at www.ahadata.com.
See complete hospital details (provided by AHA)
Location & Contact Information
Springbrook Hospital
7007 Grove Road
Brooksville, FL 34609-8610
(352) 596–4306


text:
See what all the fuss is about with a local tour on an electric-powered, emission-free Segway, the coolest way to get around! Discover this tool of modern technology while enjoying a scenic and guided tour around some of the area's most beautiful sights.
More information and Specs
Must call to schedule tour. Valid 90 days from date of purchase.
Additional Terms and Conditions
Standard terms and conditions apply. Please visit our Terms of Service Page for more details.
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$50 in Products at The Skin Revitalizing Center
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text:
Dozens of students withdraw in Harvard cheating scandal
BOSTON (Reuters) - As many as 60 students have been forced to withdraw from Harvard University after cheating on a final exam last year in what has become the largest academic scandal to hit the Ivy League school in recent memory.
Michael Smith, Harvard's Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, sent an email on Friday saying that more than half of the students who faced the school's Administrative Board have been suspended for a time.
Roughly 125 undergraduates were involved in the scandal, which came to light at the end of the spring semester after a professor noticed similarities on a take-home exam that showed students worked together, even though they were instructed to work alone.
The school's student newspaper, The Harvard Crimson, has reported that the government class, Introduction to Congress, had 279 students enrolled.
"Somewhat more than half of the Administrative Board cases this past fall required a student to withdraw from the College for a period of time," Smith wrote. "Of the remaining cases, roughly half the students received disciplinary probation, while the balance ended in no disciplinary action."
The cases were resolved during the fall semester, which ended in December, Smith said. Suspensions depend on the student, but traditionally last two semesters and as much as four semesters.
In the last few months, the university has also worked to be clearer about the academic integrity it expects from students.
"While all the fall cases are complete, our work on academic integrity is far from done," Smith added. (Reporting By Svea Herbst-Bayliss. Editing by Andre Grenon)
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- EXCLUSIVE - Malaysia plane probe narrows on mid-air disintegration - source
- Missing Malaysian jet may have disintegrated in mid-air - source
- Afghanistan's powerful Vice President Fahim dies
- India set to challenge U.S. for election-spending record
- Interpol probes more suspect passports from missing flight
Missing Malaysian jet may have disintegrated in mid-air - source
Officials investigating the disappearance of a Malaysia Airlines jetliner with 239 people on board suspect it may have disintegrated in mid-flight, a senior source said on Sunday, as Vietnam reported a possible sighting of wreckage from the plane. Article | Exclusive
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Get the latest news on the go. Visit Reuters India on your mobile device. Full Coverage


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Philly's Best R&B And Classic Soul
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Funk Strikes Back
Original Release Date: 1992
Track Listing
1. Intro
2. Hangin' Out
3. She's Just That Kinda Girl
4. Just a Little Bit A-Love
5. Barbara Jean Blvd.
6. So So Good
7. Spending Time Watching Ladies
8. Love It or Leave It
9. Gimmie Just a Little Bit Mo
10. I Won't Stop
Mark Antone Adams: Bass, Keyboards, Vocals, Producer, Engineer
Mark Hicks: Guitar (Rhythm), Vocals
Gary King: Engineer
Jimmy O'Neill: Engineer
Lord Howard Hertz: Keyboards
Allen Day: Engineer
Stephanie Wright: Vocals
Dave Ferguson: Trumpet, Arranger
Brian Lopez: Sax (Alto)
James Brooks: Composer


text:
Definition of interposition in English:
Syllabification: in·ter·po·si·tionPronunciation: /ˌintərpəˈziSHən
- 1The action of interposing someone or something: the interposition of members between tiers of managementMore example sentences
- The interposition of political majorities does not necessarily insulate the state's decision from all criticism.
- Calhoun always portrayed nullification as a process designed to preserve the union, but he himself acknowledged that secession could follow interposition if repeated abuses of the Constitution went uncorrected.
- The word 'intervention' implies interposition, placing oneself between two contending parties and keeping them apart.
- 1.1Interference: prevented from taking your life by the interposition of your wifeMore example sentences
- We therefore earnestly solicit your Christian interposition to discourage and prevent so obvious an Evil, in such manner as under the influence of Divine Wisdom you shall see meet.
- Pictures of slain, undersized whales, and the dramatic interposition of tiny Zodiacs between giant whaling ships and their quarry created a media storm when released during an International Whaling Commission meeting.
- But you have brought separate proceedings seeking, primarily, declarations, also injunctive relief, which would involve your interference or your interposition in the contractual rights of other persons.
late Middle English: from Latin interpositio(n-), from the verb interponere (see interpose).
More definitions of interposition
Definition of interposition in:- The British & World English dictionary


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pagirl76 Recently Asked
I was reading about a family doing mission work in Guinea Bissau. The women had to wear a "skit" at all times. Any idea what this is?
1 year ago - 1 Answer
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Does anyone know the company that makes the heavy duty phone and computer cases? They almost look like briefcases. They're waterproof too.
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I need a five-letter word with the same vowel sound as whale, that means flies in the sky. See additional details
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Nobody can say for certain what can or can not get you penalized and/or filtered. You are not likely to get banned from google for being suspected of buying links, same as selling links, however you are more than likely going to get hit with some kind of "penalty" or as I like to call it "filter".
When it comes to google, you really have to keep an open mind. Its easy to read articles and books about SEO and then think you are a professional. The more you think you know, the less you actually do know.
A lot of people get caught up with the vanity of having a high PR website. Ok, you get your website to a PR6, now what? Are you now ranking for your money making terms? If not, what good did it do you?
A lot of webmasters chase links from websites that have a decent PR which is stupid. No natural back link profile will consist of 100% PR3+ links. The fact is, you need relevant, quality back links regardless of the PR. Those pr N/A and PR1-2 links do help and they are easier to get, and guess what, they look a lot more natural.
The fact is, any website is susceptible to punishment by G. It is much harder and much more unlikely that an authority, established domain will get punished, but I have seen it happen.
I have a theory that google will filter a website that it suspects is buying links, and drop them to page 5-6 or something as a test. The test will be something like "ok, we gave this site a penalty, lets see how this webmaster reacts to this penalty" if the webmaster continues to get backlinks, and not lose any backlinks for x months, it will pass the test and we will lift the penalty. If the webmaster starts losing these valuable backlinks, it probably means he paid for them and decided it was not worth it to renew them.


text:
First Annual Jorum User Survey
3rd March 2014Send us your feedback and a chance to win an iPad!
Jorum's first Annual User Survey launches today and will be open until Monday 31st March. Follow the link below to complete the survey and for your chance to be entered to a prize draw to win an iPad.
Take the Survey
This survey aims to capture how well both the Jorum service and the...
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text: Now through 2/18, you can get a 10-book bundle of "100 Facts" Children's books for only $19.99 ($89.50 value) with FREE shipping through Groupon. My 9 year old loves to read books like these, so I think I'm going to order him a bundle – now to choose which one! Here's how to get the deal: … Read the whole story »


text:
Re: Algorithm to solve equation for variable
Dan wrote:
> I am looking for an algorithm to solve an equation for any particular > variable. For example, if I have the equation y = w * h + l (actually > I have y = w h * l + because I'm using postfix notation), I need an > algorithm that can solve the equation for any of w, h, l. > > I only support the four basic operators in my equations ( + - * / ) > and do not support functions. The way I store the equation is in a > container; each item in the container is either a variable name or an > Integer representing the operation, where + is 2, - is 3, * is 4 and / > is 5. > > Any assistance would be much appreciated. > Dan If you are solving for one variable with the other variables fixed, then use some form of evaluator (as a compiled function, an abstract tree or iterpreted directly) for the function and an itertive solver (Mueller, Newton Raphson, etc). As David said, for less than 5th order analytical solutions exist. If you are solving for multiple variables, then you either need more equations and use a matrix method, or use some form of heuristic space search. It is possible to solve multi-variate problems iteratively by compositing loops; it's why we still have crays in the basement at work. Pete |
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This page contains Cars Codes for PSP called "Cheat Mode" and has been posted or updated on Jan 29, 2008 by handstand. Let us know what you think of this Code by thumbs voting.
- Developer: Locomotive Games
- Publisher: THQ
- Genre: Driving Mission-based
- Release Date: Jun 6, 2006
- ESRB: Everyone
Cheat Mode
At the main menu click options, then cheats and enter the following:
Code: | Result: |
vroooom | Infinite Boost |
yaycars | Unlocks All Cars |
watchit | Unlocks All Movie Clips |
matti33 | Unlocks All Tracks and Mini Games |
conc3pt | Unlocks Art |
trgtexc | Unlocks Mater's Speedy Circuit |
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Stuck on this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let others answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an Cars expert then please try to help others with their questions.
The mystery grand prix mode
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The worst advice ever for a small business might be the words: may old acquaintance be forgot. Really? Ever hear of Facebook? We've pretty much made the idea of forgetting the past obsolete. In an age of tell-all memoirs, constant contact and connection, the idea of moving forward without looking back is virtually impossible. So what does that mean for small business?
3.) Don't burn your bridges. Try to resolve conflicts and end relationships, especially with clients, amicably. Even if someone no longer needs your product or service, that doesn't mean they can't refer you to someone else.
2.) Don't look back in anger. Yes, let's go ahead and quote the band Oasis here. Think of the past as ancient history and don't be afraid to reconnect with old friends, colleagues and classmates because of what you think may be embarrassing foibles. It's all water under the bridge. And, if it's not, you'll know soon enough.
1.) Don't play leapfrog with a unicorn. Okay, so couldn't think of a third thing and my husband just leaned over and told me that. Well, you know what? He's right. Digging up the past can be fun and fortuitous. But it can also be dangerous. Stay away from suicidal ex-boyfriends, overly dramatic ex-girlfriends and old college buddies who owned hookahs, as potential business connections. While it might be nice to reconnect with acquaintances and expand your network, some connections are not worth rekindling.Â
Now, in all honesty, I have misled you. The true meaning of Auld Lang Syne is actually not telling us to forget the past, but poses the question of whether we should forget: Should auld acquaintance be forgot, and never brought to mind?
And the answer: We'll take a cup of o' kindness yet, for auld lang syne.Â
We'll drink to old friends and old times past. We will remember and toast it all.
So here's to you, your good health and great success in 2012.
Happy New Year!  Â


text:
It's time to start preparing a summer bucket list, and this year an instant camera is at the top of that list for me. Instant cameras are the best of both worlds. You get the satisfaction of viewing a photo shortly after you take it, but you still need to put thought into each and (…) Read more »
Tagged: summer weekend ideas - Free People Blog
Saturday DO: Make Dinner with Your Girlfriends
Jun 16, 2012DO: make dinner with your girlfriends (…) Read more »


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- Presenter
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- Jack Dee
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- Dizzee Rascal
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- Participant
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- Participant
- Christine Walkden
Duration: 30 minutes
Vic Reeves, Bob Mortimer and Matt Lucas return for a special anniversary edition of the show starring team captains Ulrika Jonsson and Jack Dee, with special guests Peter Jones, Kate Garraway, Christine Walkden and Dizzee Rascal.
BBC © 2014 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read more.
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Dr. Cynthia Lorraine Pickens MD
Is this you? Claim profile
Dr. Cynthia Lorraine Pickens MD is a female Family Practitioner, has 20 years of experience and practices in Family Medicine and General Practice.
4316 Burchdale St
Dayton, OH 45440
Phone Number
Locations and availability (2)
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Cynthia Pickens:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
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Specialties & Research
Dr. Cynthia Pickens, MD is board certified in Family Medicine.
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Dr. Pickens graduated from Wright State University, Dayton.
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Dr. Pickens has 1 hospital affiliations:
- Khn - Greene Memorial Hospital
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Dr. Pickens accepts these health insurances in at least one office:
- Ohio Medicaid - 1 plan
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Dr. Cynthia Pickens practices Family Medicine and General Practice near Dayton, OH.
See Dayton Family Physicians and Dayton General Practitioners.


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Supreme Court
Opinion: A Doctor's Opinion Of Obamacare
Good, hard-working Americans shouldn't be forced to contemplate leaving their chosen profession as they are with federal laws such as Obamacare.
NightSide Weekend Commentary – The Stolen Valor Act
Tune in to NightSide, every weeknight from 8 to Midnight, on WBZ NewsRadio 1030.
Romney Says Health Care Mandate Is A Tax
In an interview Wednesday with CBS News, Mitt Romney said President Barack Obama's health care mandate is a tax.
Opinion: Supreme Court Obamacare Ruling Lets Big Brother Walk In The Front Door
The Supreme Court's decision upholding the individual mandate and the Affordable Care Act amounts to rolling out the welcome mat for Big Brother to intrude on the lives of Americans.
Opinion: Eric Holder Continues To Show Contempt Of Congress
Attorney General Eric Holder continued to show contempt of Congress in his remarks following the House vote to hold him "in contempt" for refusing to hand over documents associated with the Fast and Furious operation.
Democrats: Supreme Court Health Care Ruling Vindication For Massachusetts
The U.S. Supreme Court's decision to uphold President Barack Obama's health care overhaul is being hailed as a vindication for Massachusetts.
Opinion: Obama Gets Another Big Win From The Supreme Court
President Obama won big this week with the Supreme Court decisions on Obamacare and immigration. While Mitt Romney and the Tea Party couldn't have had a worse week.
Supreme Court Upholds Most Of Obama Health Care Law
The U.S. Supreme Court has upheld most of President Obama's health care law, ruling Thursday that the individual mandate that requires everyone to buy insurance or face fines is constitutional.
Opinion: Supreme Court Fails America On Health Care
The Supreme Court has shockingly failed the citizens of the United States by upholding the individual mandate portion of the plan.
Opinion: Obama Has Last Word With The Supreme Court On Immigration
After the Supreme Court decision on the Arizona immigration law, SB 1070, the Obama administration announced that it is revoking agreements with Arizona police over the enforcement of federal immigration laws.


text:
Shaun Brady
Shaun Brady is a freelance writer who covers film, jazz, and countless other distractions for City Paper. He also writes for the Philadelphia Inquirer, Metro and DownBeat and JazzTimes magazines.
By Shaun Brady
10/24/2013 | 1 Comments Posted
Larry McKenna
From All Sides (self-released)
An elder statesman of Philly jazz, Larry McKenna possesses an embracing, velvet tone that is the definition of timeless. The dozen tunes on the undersung tenor great's new album — only his fourth release as a leader — combine standards and originals in a classic style that could date from any time in the last 50 years. But McKenna's elegant, direct playing shrugs off questions of time simply by delving into the heart of each song. He's supported by expressive vocalist Joanna Pascale and a rotating cast of fine local players, including trumpeter George Rabbai, pianist Tom Lawton and bassist Lee Smith, all of whom provide their own tasteful contributions. But the spotlight is firmly and deservedly on McKenna, who has avoided it for too long.
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October 25
Don't miss Larry McKenna's CD Release Celebration!! Saturday, Nov. 2, 2013 at Chris' Jazz Cafe, 1421 Sansom St., Philadelphia PA! Sets at 8 and 10 pm, reservations recommended http://www.chrisjazzcafe.com/. Sure to be a fantastic night of live jazz with all 10 performers from the CD: Larry McKenna (tenor sax), Joanna Pascale (vocals), George Rabbai (trumpet & flugelhorn), Joe McDonough (trombone), Tom Lawton and Josh Richman (both piano), Pete Smyser (guitar), Kevin MacConnell and Lee Smith (both bass), Dan Monaghan (drums)!!


text:
A collection of news and information related to Vanessa Redgrave published by this site and its partners.
Top Vanessa Redgrave Articles
Displaying items 23-33
Students protest 'Anonymous' film, defend Shakespeare
Story | Oct 29, 2011 | 9:35 PMA couple dozen La Cañada Flintridge students donning handmade T-shirts gathered at ArcLight Cinemas in Pasadena Friday afternoon to protest the plot of the film "Anonymous," which claims that Shakespeare didn't write any of his... -
'Anonymous' provokes skepticism from Shakespeare experts
Story | Oct 27, 2011 | 4:32 PM"Anonymous," the new movie from disaster-flick auteur Roland Emmerich, revives the age-old Oxfordian theory of Shakespearean authorship arguing that Edward de Vere was in fact the man behind the Bard's masterpieces.... -
Movie Review: Anonymous
Story | Oct 26, 2011 | 4:40 PMLeave it to a German to blitzkrieg the Immortal Bard and the Virgin Queen in one sitting. Roland "2012/Godzilla" Emmerich's "Anonymous" is a generally sober-minded legitimizing of a couple of the Elizabethan Era's most fervently... -
Influences: Actress and singer Christine Ebersole
Story | Oct 26, 2011 | 4:32 PMChristine Ebersole will be at the Segerstrom Center for the Arts on Saturday with Stephen Sondheim and Brian Stokes Mitchell as part of "Stephen Sondheim: In Conversation." She discusses the story of her development.... -
Movie Review: 'The Whistleblower'
Story | Oct 11, 2011 | 4:39 AMRachel Weisz has her best role since her Oscar winning turn in "The Constant Gardener" in "The Whistleblower," another tale in which she plays an idealistic, morally complicated woman in pursuit of a deadly truth. This "... -
Shakespeare Center L.A. honors Hollywood figures, professor
Story | Sep 22, 2011 | 4:33 PMShakespeare Center of Los Angles will honor filmmaker Roland Emmerich and entertainment lawyer Bert Fields for their work in keeping the Bard prominent. Emmerich's new film, `Anonymous,' and a 2005 book by Fields both focus on the controversy over who... -
Anne Bogart and SITI experiment with Euripides at Getty Villa
Story | Aug 27, 2011 | 4:33 PMAnne Bogart and SITI Company will premiere a new adaptation of Euripides' "The Trojan Women" at the Getty Villa's outdoor amphitheater. Director Bogart says the play from 415 B.C., which envisions the devastation of Troy by conquering Greeks, has... -
An early look at Ralph Fiennes in Shakespeare's 'Coriolanus'
Story | Aug 10, 2011 | 4:33 PMRalph Fiennes stars in 'Coriolanus'... -
Tony Awards: Neil Patrick Harris, Brooke Shields, Daniel Radcliffe and more
Story | Jun 13, 2011 | 4:37 PMEveryone recovered from their massive Tony Awards party? What, didn't you have/attend one? No worries, the show was entertaining enough on its own. I thought the show was great fun — the emphasis was much more on the performances than the actual... -
Tony Awards 2011: Pictures from the Beacon Theatre red carpet arrivals
Story | Jun 12, 2011 | 9:32 PMTony Awards 2011: Pictures from the Beacon Theatre red carpet. Neil Patrick Harris and David Burtka, Edie Falco, Ellen Barkin, Samuel L. Jackson and James Earl Jones are only a few stars on the red carpet for the 2011 Tony Awards.... -
Monster Mash: 'Book of Mormon' wins nine Tonys; Hindu sculpture upsets in Idaho
Story | Jun 13, 2011 | 4:33 PM'Book of Mormon,' 'War Horse' top Tony Awards...


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A Practical Guide to Squatting is a very adequate title for a book that will teach you the skills of lock picking, show you how to craft a solar oven using a pizza box, grow a community garden, build a swimming pool in an open foundation or avoid arrest after breaking into a building. An adequate and provocative title thus. The handbook, however, will also give readers an opportunity to reflect on a practice that is too often attributed to gangs of drug addicts and anarchists 'stealing people's homes.' Larraine Henning, the author of the handbook, reminds us that, in many cases, a squat is an emergency shelter, an habitat in a derelict building that has to be fixed, lacks electricity, insulation and proper drainage system. Just for the sake of my own enlightenment i had a look at the housing crisis in the country where i'm currently living and it appears that homelessness rates are rising. Meanwhile the Empty Homes Agency estimates that the number of empty properties in Wales and England amounts to over 930,000. Yet, it is now an offence to squat in a residential building in England and Wales and no other sustainable alternative(s) has been offered in exchange. The situation isn't much rosier in the rest of Europe as the fate of an icon such as Tacheles, Berlin's art squat demonstrated. My intention is not to become an apostle of squatting but just to put the practice into a broader perspective. In addition, squatting can go beyond the simple need to put a roof over one's head when it extends to experiments in socialism, architecture, and community. Think of the Open City in Chile, Paolo Scoleri's Arcosanti in the Arizona desert, Christiania in Copenhagen or the Grow Heathow community outside of London. With A Practical Guide to Squatting, the author -who trained as an architect- also reminds readers that architecture is not only practiced by an arguably elitist sect of educated professionals, but also by the disenfranchised, the layman, the individual and the collective.
The book, alas!, is not out yet. It started as Henning's MArch thesis and she recently launched a campaign on indiegogo to raise funds for publication. I've asked Larraine Henning, a 'former architect turned fruit picker / illustrator / squatter / cattle musterer', if she could talk to us about the book and her own squatting experiences: Hi Larraine! How long did it take you to gather this very detailed information? I worked on my Master thesis for nearly a year. The first half of my thesis was a research component where I investigated informal architecture, alternative communities, temporary building and squatting. The the final product of my thesis was the handbook "A Practical Guide to Squatting"
And how much of it stems from personal experience? Prior to attending UBC in Vancouver I lived and worked as an architect in Rotterdam. For a short time I lived with my boyfriend in an anti-squat, which is a legal and registered version of squatting in the Netherlands. We shared half a floor of a large office building in the center of the city built in the 70's. The toilets were the former public washrooms for the building, we had the men's washroom and the other lady we shared the floor with had the ladies'. We had no hot water on our floor and had to do all our dishes in cold water. There was one shower for the whole building (6 floors), which was rigged up to the only hot water source, that we all shared. No one paid typical rent, but paid the building owner only for basic utilities. Eventually everyone was evicted as the building was slated for demolition. Since living in Australia this last year, I have occasionally lived in tent communities with fellow agricultural workers. This was not full on squatting, but it was on land that started out as a tenting squat until the woman who owned it organised a more set up campground. As a young person I would often break-into abandoned buildings simply for the thrill of exploration. I loved to stumble around the wreckage of forgotten urban relics. I would do this in the city and in the countryside, and once slept the night in an abandoned cabin below a caved in roof in the middle of winter in the Prairies of Canada.
I was also wondering how you deal with the legislation? I don't know about the (anti-)squatting laws in Australia where you now live or in Canada, the country you're from but i know that anti-squatting legislation is getting increasingly strict in some parts of Europe. For example, the UK law now criminalizes squatting in residential premises, even if hundreds of thousands of properties are now sitting empty across the country. Squatting is not really legal anywhere, however some countries choose to accept it more than others.The constitution of Sweden upholds something called allemansrätten, translated as "freedom to roam" or "everyman's right". Its decree claims that every person shall have access to private or public land for the purpose of recreation. The UK and Holland have a loaded history of squatting and typically condoned such living. Over the year their progressive attitude has dampened and it is becoming less and less acceptable. The laws in most countries however have loop-holes. Squatting really isn't a matter for the police, but rather it is usually the job of the actual property owner to press charges against trespassers. Not until that happens do the police actually have the authority to take legal measures on squatters. Not only that but every country seems to have a different rule regarding abandoned property. In Canada a property needs to stand vacant for 50 years before it can be acquired by someone else and legally taken over. In Australia it is only 7 years, and provided you have not trashed the place but begun steps to set up camp after those 7 years you can apply to the crown to have the title put in your name, for free. Can you conduct a family and professional life while being a squatter? Is it compatible with, say, getting electricity and running water installed? Absolutely. Many squatters are working professionals and participate in everyday life just like anyone else. The place I lived at in Rotterdam was full of students, professional architects and the like. You trained as an architect. Do you believe that architects should dedicate a greater amount of their knowledge and skills to squatting and other so-called 'alternative homes"? I think that people who worked in restaurants tend to be better tippers, just like people who lived without luxury tent to appreciate those small luxuries more. Thanks Larraine! All images courtesy Larraine Henning. Related story: Goodbye to London - Radical Art and Politics in the Seventies. |
The Toaster Project: Or a Heroic Attempt to Build a Simple Electric Appliance from Scratch by Thomas Thwaites (available on amazon USA and UK.) Publisher Princeton Architectural Press says: "Hello, my name is Thomas Thwaites, and I have made a toaster." So begins The Toaster Project, the author's nine-month-long journey from his local appliance store to remote mines in the UK to his mother's backyard, where he creates a crude foundry. Along the way, he learns that an ordinary toaster is made up of 404 separate parts, that the best way to smelt metal at home is by using a method found in a fifteenth-century treatise, and that plastic is almost impossible to make from scratch. In the end, Thwaites's homemade toaster-- a haunting and strangely beautiful object--cost 250 times more than the toaster he bought at the store and involved close to two thousand miles of travel to some of Britain's remotest locations. The Toaster Project may seem foolish, even insane. Yet, Thwaites's quixotic tale, told with self-deprecating wit, helps us reflect on the costs and perils of our cheap consumer culture, and in so doing reveals much about the organization of the modern world. A few months ago, i was in Pittsburgh with 3 other authors writing an art&science book in seven days. Luke and Jessica, the designers of the book, were sitting across the table reviewing almost almost in real time the notes and images we were sending them. At some point we all raised our head because the designers had started laughing uncontrollably while saying "brilliant! this is brilliant!" This was the Toaster effect! Thomas Thwaites's project is mocked almost as much as it is admired. The designer has toured the world to show and discuss what is probably the most uncomely toaster that ever was created. It generated so much press, so many questions and such interest that i even suspect that Thwaites wrote the book as a catharsis, a way to get the toaster out of his life. He won't have to tell the story again, it's all there for us to read. As befits the project, the book is hilarious. I never though reading about iron smelting and descents into mines would be so engrossing. You follow Thomas Thwaites' email correspondence and phone conversations with (mostly baffled) experts, miners and other "jolly nice chaps". Next, he is smelting iron in his mum's microwave, trekking in the highlands of Scotland in search of a mica mine, trying to convince BP to take him on a helicopter ride so that he can collect on an oil rig the crude oil he needs to make the plastic case for his toaster, attempting to cook some plastic using potato starch, 'stealing' water from the Marquis of Anglesey, etc.
With his über-english self-deprecating tone, Thomas takes you from one failure to another. Yet, this accumulation of fiascoes and disappointments, which at times reads like a hybrid between the story of the dodekathlon and the script of a Woody Allen comedy, turned into an extraordinary achievement. Thwaites went through experiences none of us would ever dare to undergo just to fabricate an object that would perform the mundane function of toasting a piece of bread. And if you prefer taking a shortcut: |
Ever wondered how to turn a simple webcam into a microscope, safely cultivate GFP bacteria, hack DVD burners to make your own nano and bio experiments, or how to use other cheap, easy to come by material in order to build an hydrometer (instrument to measure the relative density of a liquid), an incubator or even a bat detector? Then you should check out the DIY pages on Hackteria's wiki or enroll into one of their workshops. Hackteria is a collection of Open Source Biological Art Projects started in 2009 by Andy Gracie, Marc Dusseiller and Yashas Shetty. They have since been joined by Anthony Hall, Urs Gaudenz, and a growing community of people keen on making experiments and developing their own projects in the field of biological art and science. The wiki is an online resource for scientists, garage scientists, hackers and artists alike. It is also offers them the opportunity to combine their expertise, write critical and theoretical reflections and share simple instructions on how to work with life science technologies following an open source collaborative model. I discovered the project in June at the Making Future Work conference in Nottingham where Andy Gracie was presenting his work. Because i made it my duty to interview Andy almost every single year since i started the blog, he's the one i contacted in order to get more information about Hackteria. It's not only getting embarrassing, but it also means that i'll have to wait till 2012 to interview him about his robots that send him on dangerous missions to collect samples for them to analyze. Hi Andy! If i understood well, the activities of Hackteria.org revolve mostly around workshops. Which kind of people register to these workshops and what are they looking for? We get a very broad selection of people coming to the workshops, although it also obviously depends on the context of the workshop. In general we'll get a few artists, maybe a scientist or two, or people who are just into the whole hacking / DIY / FLOSS scene and are looking for new adventures and working methodologies. Its probably quite safe to say that the majority of participants share a general interest in finding ways to perform scientific activities without spending silly money and without having to get access to a conventional lab. Probably many of the people who take part in our workshops are looking for that kind of hands on access and experimentation. I think also that owing to the fact that our standard workshop involves the making of a USB video microscope participants are genuinely excited about accessing a world and a scale that they have never had access to before. Its always interesting to see how transfixed people become when they see micro-organisms for the first time with a device they have built themselves. Some of the artist participants that attend seem to be looking for a way into working with biological subjects, or a kind of door into bio-art. We've never set ourselves out as offering bio-art for beginners but its clear that our workshops provide a first hands-on experience of working with microorganisms for many people.
Could you tell us about some of the most quirky, interesting or meaningful projects that have been developed during the Hackteria workshops? As I mentioned, up until now our workshops have mostly focused on the development of webcam based microscopes, and we have probably seen the making of over 200 completely unique and quirky interpretations of what this could be and how it could work.
In some of the workshops that Marc has run recently we have seen the development of an Arduino shield for growing cress, cyber ears and a nematode tracker hacked from an optical mouse. The latest workshop we developed called BioCyberKidzz was held at the Create Your World festival in Linz. It is an introduction to different natural phenomena for kids. We made jewellery with inoculated Petri dishes to observe the growth of bacteria and fungi from our hands, inflated balloons with gasses produced by yeast fermentation, and augmented the kids' sensoric perception with magnets and UV LEDs. I think probably the most meaningful example of what we have been doing is when we did a microscope workshop in Indonesia with medical students and saw that this could be a very practical and affordable tool for under-resourced scientists.
How was hackteria born? And why did you and the other founders of hackteria feel that there is a need for this hands-on approach to bioelectronix? Hackteria was born when Marc Dusseiller, Yashas Shetty and myself met up at the Garage Science Interactivos? being run at Medialab-Prado in Madrid in 2009. The three of us all began to talk about an availability gap in information about real DIY alternatives to lab protocols and equipment. Marc and Yashas already had quite a bit of experience from their work Zurich and Bangalore so there was quite a bit of expertise already. Originally though, it was Yashas's idea to create Hackteria as an online resource - none of us really thought or planned that we would do so many workshops and meetings. In the end though, the workshops as a kind of 'roadshow' back up to the practical information available on the website seemed to be a good model for getting the ideas and information across. It wasn't so much that we'd identified a need for a hands-on approach to bioelectronix (the 'x', by the way' differentiates our approach from the multi-million dollar industry of 'real' bioelectronics - the lab on a chip, etc etc), but a hands-on approach to simple, affordable and do-able biological techniques and protocols in general. I'm also curious about ethics in relationship to the animal kingdom the "Discourse" page of the website refers to. Which kind of discussions about ethical issues arise during the workshops? In the course of our workshops we generally and thoughtlessly kill many thousands of organisms. It's all too easy to just rinse of a slide, or wipe it on your trousers, without realising that you are also destroying a host of microorganisms at the same time. We generally let people do this for a little while until they have become familiar with the organisms under the microscope. Once they understand the animals they are working with we can have a much more meaningful discussion about the ethics of how we treat them, and we often see a more careful approach after that. Obviously, ethical considerations on the micro scale are different to those of the macro scale, but we aim to engage people in a thought process about it while they are working. We will often have a discussion at the end of the workshop where the usual wide range of viewpoints and stabdpoints get aired. The only change in peoples' minds is probably a slightly deeper awareness that microorganisms might just have rights too. One of our goals is to reevaluate the relationships between the observer and the observed that have been handed down to us from traditional research institutes. Artists in our workshops who come from alternate, diverse contexts and cultures suggest an alternative paradigm - perhaps a more performative one.
What are the next projects, dates, ambitions of hackteria? We just had our second annual hackterialab in Romanmotier and Zurich in Switzerland with up to 30 friends and invited guests from the worlds of art and science. During this time we spoke a lot about what Hackteria should be where it should go and what it should be. I think we pretty much reimagined what workshops can be, and what formats they can take, so I think there will be a lot of experimentation on that front - the actual format, content and duration of the workshops themselves. We should also note that the answers to these questions are probably very different now - post Hackterialab2011 - than they would have been beforehand. A lot of very interesting developments took place during that period that will take some time to settle and establish themselves. We also spoke a little about making something for ourselves (seeing as Hackteria is always for other people). Maybe this would be an exhibition of our own DIY experiments, or the development of some new protocols. In Zurich we also staged a 2 day combined conference, workshop and exhibition. There seems to be potential in that format for getting across the Hackteria idea, although we would like to avoid typical art world formats - Hackteria should always offer something a little bit more unusual, provocative and surprising. Thanks Andy, Špela and Yashas! |
The Killifish lives in puddles, sometimes in the middle of a road, where trucks drive through. These habitats provide little competition for food, and are disregarded by predators, especially since water is brown and unclear. The obvious disadvantage is that puddles are highly unstable habitats. One of the strategies killifishes have developed to cope with this is to jump out of the puddle, maybe landing in a new one. Many don't make it.
Because puddles are different, the populations evolve into new species rather quickly. The kamikaze behaviour and the multitude of subspecies have triggered the interest of a community of killifish collectors, who travel to puddles in the tropics, collect live specimens and bring them home where they will breed the fish with a self imposed ethic: the killifish must stay exactly as they were found in the puddle, and not change between generations. For artist Mateusz Herczka, the killifish behaviour and culture reveal a new relationship between nature and people, as if the killifish have infiltrated culture, and are now part of the cultural evolution rather than the biological. He followed the example of the killifish and infiltrated the killifish keepers community, learning, exchanging information and tactics. Because the way killifish jumps from one puddle to another remained to be properly documented, Herczka flooded his studio and captured this spontaneous jumping in HD video. The video material shows jumps under various conditions and still frames have been composited to show the jumping technique and the trajectory. The fish always jump in the middle of the night when nobody is around.
To understand how fish can survive in a puddle with trucks driving through it, the artist set up a digital simulation using software which simulates liquid, and rolled a virtual tire through a virtual puddle. Finally, an ambitious reconstruction of the puddle is being built at the Verbeke Foundation, to be completed in the next coming months. Unsurprisingly, recreating a South American puddle in an unheated Belgian space was quite a technical challenge. The huge cube of glass and metal contains a reconstruction of a puddle found in the middle of a road in Guyana, with a truck wheel rolling through it. The Verbeke Foundation isn't easy to reach if you don't own a car but the result of Mateusz Herczka's research is documented and presented with plenty of visual material and also aquariums containing fish, worms, artemia and springtails in the exhibition Puddle Drive-Through Simulation currently open at the Verbeke Gallery in Antwerp (BE).
I hope to be able to visit the show when i'm in Belgium next month. In the meantime, i asked Mateusz to answer my many questions: How did you first encounter the Killifish? But even more importantly, what made you want to spend more than 3 years working with them? There is a two-floor basement near my studio in Stockholm. The upper floor was a club for mini-z model car racing. A steel door leading to the lower floor says "Södermalms Akvarieaffär, kom in och titta", (South-side's aquarium shop, come in and have a look). One day I needed glass and thought maybe they could sell me some. Upon entering, I realized this is not a regular aquarium shop. The atmosphere was somewhere in between a laboratory, and a computer club I belonged to as a teenager. Passing a few normal looking aquariums and some merchandise, I turned a corner and saw rows of murky aquariums with carefully written labels showing Latin names and some kind of codes. The fish didn't look like any I had seen in other shops. Homemade devices, bubbling liquids in plastic bottles, cultures of little worms and jumping things. I was approached by a guy who said "Amazing, isn't it? Janne only works with nature forms." He indicated the owner, Jan Wester, who turned out to be an architect devoting his life to killifish, a warm and friendly guy who loves to talk about killifish and keeping techniques. His strict ethic of fish origin and his refusal to stock more popular "plastic fish" turns a lot of customers away. The shop is his "fishroom". I visited him several times and listened to his stories. Later, I met other killi keepers around Europe, and found a rich scene on the internet. What intrigued me was the complexity and level of involvement with what appears to be an insignificant fish species. Then I found the Jim's Basement Floor anecdote, and started to remember fragments of literature I read. A story by Polish SciFi writer Stanislaw Lem, describing a planet where the government decided that the fish was the most noble state of being, so the water level is raised a little every year. Or various books where someone travels to the jungle, it starts to rain, and "suddenly there are fish on the ground". I started to wonder if these fish are quietly infiltrating culture - on a grassroots level in people's basements, in stories suggesting a merging of people/fish habitats. This links to the discussion of a possible end of biological evolution - the new evolution being cultural, the new fitness parameter being adaptability in culture. I was wondering if I, an artist, could bring something new to the killifish scene, but also infiltrate the killifish scene into the art community, to push the killifish even further into the realms of culture, using strategies from both science and art.
I was also intrigued by the existence of a killikeeper community. Who are they? Is there anything that sets them apart from other fish hobbyists? Did they give you any feedback about your Killifish art projects? The people I met are all professionals in different fields. They are spread around the globe, communicate via internet, send eggs to each other via airmail, and sometimes meet at conventions. Some of them make field trips to the tropics, looking for fish in puddles, ditches, etc. Specimens are brought home for breeding and preservation in the fishroom. This requires dedication and ingenuity - the fish are quirky, jump out of the aquarium, some subspecies are very short-lived and lay eggs that need to be dried and re-hydrated several times. The community is bristling with clever technical DIY solutions that enables maintenance of a large aquarium count, live food culture in the everyday home environment, ecological "balanced" aquaria, automation, etc. A major contrast to domesticated species from the aquarium shop. After speaking to several killifish keepers, and observing their interaction with the fish, I get an impression of a special kind of relationship with nature. Not keeping animals as pets, decoration, utility or food, but bringing content and meaning to your free time by actively interacting with an animal population, shunning commercial products in lieu of Do It Yourself methodology. It is especially interesting to note their killifish breeding ethic, to preserve the population as close as possible to the nature form, the exact look and behaviour of the original fish in the puddle. The community arranges regular contests where keepers show fish which are judged specifically on the nature form criteria. In the case of some subspecies, the original habitats are gone. The preservation ethic allows such populations to continue their existence in somebody's fishroom.
I have received a lot of help and feedback from the killi community. When showing Laboratory to Ascertain Plausibility of Jim's Basement Floor Anecdote, local killi keepers helped to arrange fish and care for them, and the installation became something of a meeting place. Many are intrigued by my video films showing the killifish jumping behavior, which was common knowledge but never properly documented. These films attract attention from the art community, but also bring something new to the killi keepers.
The introductory text of the catalogue, written by Simon Delobel, explains that you gave your aquariums and fish to a shop because "keeping killifishes at home or in his studio would have meant losing the artistic aspect of his creative activity." Can you tell us the reason for that? When working with a project, my artistic strategies are based on theoretical research, but most importantly to "walk the walk and talk the talk". In this case, I had to learn the methods of killikeeping by maintaining some populations in my studio, their way. I discovered that it was extremely interesting, and found myself wanting to try some new killifish species, different methods, contacting some guy i Canada to get eggs from a rare Rivulus type... After about a year, my studio was filling up with aquariums - I was "bitten by the bug". This is very relevant to the whole story - the killifish seem to combine just the right elements of complexity and accessibility to create and maintain interest with almost anybody. After an exhibition in Spain, I heard that one of the personnel had started to keep killifish. So one side effect of this project has been to promote a specific and positive model of interaction between people and nature. But as an artist I need to retain objectivity, and so I gave all my killifish away. Like some of your other works, this installation navigates between art and science. You asked for the advice of experts in various disciplines, read numerous articles and watched scientific videos in order to make your own as scientific as possible. Nowadays many people see art and science as two radically different fields. But what do they have in common for you? Why do you find that they can be intertwined? What does this intimate flirting with science (or amateur science) brings to your art practice? There are many answers, not always coherent. In art school, I learned how to make things look like art, and art theory as an analysis tool for the work - there were no new media or art/science programs at the time. But artistic practice for me has always kept one leg in the process of discovery, both digital and wetware. In the 90's I participated in the generative graphics scene, which consisted of people publishing strange quicktime videos on the budding internet, projecting live graphics from laptops in artsy clubs, hacking video games to crash in an interesting way etc. This was very exciting and relevant stuff but the art world had no idea what to do with it, there were no proper contexts, and most of the material is gone today, the computers outdated, the operating systems deprecated. I decided to abandon art theory as an anaysis tool for my work, and started to look for alternative artistic strategies. Having studied with conceptual artist Dick Raaijmakers in Den Haag, I started formulating projects that provided some kind of answer to questions. This in contrast to the common saying that "science provides answers, art provides questions". To provide answers, you have to look for them, which means genuinely trying to understand certain literature, formulating and recreating experiments, careful documentation and so on. And when embarking on a research journey, the mind has to be open for what comes out - the semiotics of the work don't always look like art. Another strong component is Do It Yourself - I know scientists as discussion partners, but I prefer to work in such a way that I can do most of the initial work myself. This is one reason for plugging into communities, which often accumulate large bodies of informal knowledge of very high quality. Lately, I'm looking for ways to bring the DIY aspect to the audience as well. I'm increasingly considering the DIY aspect to be crucial to survival not only of art, but of the post-technological society, because it breaks down peoples dissociation with nature, science and technology, and connects them to the artistic experience.
For example, my Open Out Of Body Experience project uses recent science to let people experience an artificially induced OOBE, video game style, in a DIY format. The discussions that come from these sessions show an urgent need for problematization of the avatar concept, which recently cemented itself in our culture but whose morality has never really been discussed at street level. Or to take the point even further - if there was a DIY nuclear plant, Fukushima would have looked different today. The art & science moniker is a buzzword that goes around right now, and I'm not sure what to make of it. I am an artist who tries to understand things going on right now in the real world, using methods which can also be found in the scientific tradition. The process of understanding leaves a trail of images, objects, videos and ideas, which I call art. I get the question all the time: is your work art or science? Good question, but I don't have a good answer without engaging into a long discussion about semiotics....
Does this project mark the end of your artistic relationship with killifishes or do you think you haven't quite finished exploring their world? Returning to the nature form preservation concept of the killifish community, there is a tendency of aquarium bred species to become more beautiful. Not because of selective breeding by keeper (actually the keepers are very selective to prevent this). It's a principle in any species that relies on display for sexual selection - the more beautiful, the more visible for predators - which increases overall fitness. I'm planning a project inspired by the citizen science model which documents such change over several generations. Interestingly, a specific population from one subspecies of killifish seems to have abandoned display selection for another principle - forced copulation. Basically a rapist killifish. Further research is necessary to fully ascertain what's going on. But it's not certain if the research will lead me elsewhere. We'll see. Thanks Mateusz! PDF of the catalogue. More images of the work in progress at the Verbeke Foundation. You can see Puddle Drive-Through Simulation at the Verbeke Gallery in Antwerp (BE) until 20th October 2011. |
A few weeks ago i received a 'Bloggers' View Invitation' to visit Power of Making, an exhibition set up by The Crafts Council, one of my favourite organizations in UK, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. To make it even more enticing, the email explained that The first 10 bloggers to arrive will receive a free copy of the Power of Making book. Now i had never received an invitation that openly segregated bloggers from journalists but since it offered a tour with the curator and the possibility to meet some of the artists/designers, i chose not to ask myself too many questions. I wasn't in town on the day of the tour so i asked Nelly Ben Hayoun (a talented Creative Director & Experience Designer whose show Glitch Fiction has just open in Paris) to visit the exhibition for me. Now I'm going to shut up here and let Nelly tell you what she thought about the Power of Making show:
Power of Making is currently showing at the V&A until 2nd January 2012. The exhibition, curated by Daniel Charny "aims to show how the act of making in its various forms, from human expression to practical problem solving, is shared by all. We hope the exhibition will inspire people and cause them to thoughtfully consider the role of making in their life, in society in commerce and in education." Emphasis is put on explaining the various making processes ranging from carving to clicking to checkering to locksmithing or wickerworking, to the public.
We navigate over an organized series of cabinets into a grey room finding ourselves in front of life-size crochet bear, lion-shaped Ghanaian coffin, wooden bicycles, glass noses, etc. The exhibition is inspired by the Power of Ten, Charles and Ray Eames' film depicting the relative scale of the universe, which is to say according to Daniel Charny that "we should look into the knowledge (the bigger picture) as much as the maker's skill (detail)."
Daniel Charny wants to speak to 'people's curiosity, to change our perception of craft and present us with the contemporary motivation behind making.' Therefore, makers in the exhibition are not seen through their discipline but through their actual making. "Making can do" the curator told us, so there is no differentiation between professional and amateurs and no mention of the in-between maker community "the Pro-ams". What is key to Daniel is to present us with a state of imagination at this point in time. While the exhibition reflects the technicality of making, it barely considers the context of it. The challenge in presenting the 'making culture' resides in the understanding of the context in which the maker make: its community, its peers, its communications tools. Makers do have power and impact and like spiders they have developed ingenious ways in which they can act as a group in order to "hack the post-industrial milieu" as explained by Bruce Sterling. This is not a clean process and it is not always as well defined as the Power of Making exhibition would let you believe. It is, as Sterling calls it, a real "culture of the mashup".
It is a choice made by Daniel Charny not to show the profession of the makers, the piece must stand out by itself , it is about the making of it and not really about the maker.... Another point i'd like to raise is that one of the differences between a professional maker and a pro-am or amateur is that the amateur 'makes' during his leisure time. Pro-ams have changed dramatically the consumer framework. Nowadays, we now not only speak about leisure as a time where the "modern man" can relax but we actually speak of a real economy. Leisure produces specific products and services. Passionate makers enjoy "leisure activities". Once again, this issue seems to be a curatorial challenge, how do you represent the time of making in an exhibition?
Another qualm for me is that although the exhibition does present us with the technicality behind the making, it doesn't give us a view on the process of it. When looking at David Mach's King silver Gorilla Sculpture I would like to see how these coat hangers have been put together, I would like to feel the pain, the mess or clean aspect of making such a work.
Funnily enough, before arriving to the "Power of Making" exhibition, I was reading about Bourdieu and his The forms of Capital. Bourdieu is one of the first French academics to have proclaimed the power and the creativity of the popular culture in the 80's. Under the name of "counter-cultures" Bourdieu studied the variety of outsider practice. He differentiated three kinds of capital that the individual experiences in his life, "economic capital", "social capital" which is based on the network, relationship, membership we are enable to create. And then "cultural capital" which is about the knowledge, skills, education that you have and that can give you higher status. Indeed cultural capital is what makes the difference between an amateur-maker and a usual consumer, by making the amateur is increasing his cultural capital. How to make? When? And what is the learning process? These are three aspects I would have liked to see being explored in the exhibition. I expected to see the making of the future revolution, the power and the people behind it! What I saw was the craft and technicality of it. But I guess this is the way to do it, first think through the tools and then get the Bastille!? To conclude, i'd say that Power of Making is a highly recommended exhibition on the techniques behind making. And good job Daniel! You got me going on the topic! The Power of Making is currently showing at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London until 2nd January 2012. Admission free.
Gambiarra is the Brazilian practice of makeshifts, the art of resorting to quirky and smart improvisation in order to repair what doesn't work or to create what you need with what you have at your disposal. Gambiologia is the 'science' that studies this form of creative improvisation and celebrates it by combining it with electronic-digital techniques. Gambiologia is also the name of a collective of artists - Fred Paulino, Lucas Mafra and Paulo Henrique 'Ganso Pessoa' - who mix this art of improvisation with DIY culture & technology to develop electronic artifacts.
Last year, Fred Paulino gathered the work of Gambiologia along with the one of over 20 Brazilian and international artists in an exhibition titled "Gambiólogos - Kludging in a Digital Era". The objects, sculptures and installations selected explored the concept of technological gambiarra: they adapt, reinvent recycled and found materials using electronic technologies and much improvisation. Fred Paulino, who is an artist, designer, gambiologist as well as the curator of the exhibition, was kind enough to send me the catalog of the show a few months ago (you can also download the catalog in its PDF form.) I liked its content so much i thought it was my duty to pester him with my questions: You translate 'gambiologia' with Kludging. How different is it from hacking? Gambiologia is something like "The science of gambiarra", which is a Brazilian cultural practice of solving problems creatively in alternative ways with low cost and lots of spontaneity, or giving unusual functions to everyday life objects. There is no exact translation for 'gambiarra' so we initially used kludge which means (from Wikipedia): 'a workaround, a quick-and-dirty solution, a clumsy or inelegant, yet effective, solution to a problem, typically using parts that are cobbled together'. In the US they'd call it makeshift. Gambiologia is the study of 'gambiarra' in a technological context. We actually stopped translating Gambiologia at all :^) I 'd say it is a specific kind of hacking - it's the proposal of hacking not only electronics or codes, but objects as well. It's about using things (or bits, maybe) in functions they were not initially proposed to. Modify them or join them in improvised and creative ways so they'll not accomplish the original task anymore. Using parts that were not supposed to be together to create a distressing whole. In our case it's also deeply linked to Brazilian folk culture. Before we go to the artworks themselves, could you give us a few examples of everyday gambiology in the streets of Belo Horizonte? It's easy to find many samples of 'gambiarras' if you travel anywhere in Brazil. You can also get many pics if you google it but I attached some I collected myself. Samples: Audio cable fixed with candy wrapper: Beer chilled in suspended pail: Sound systems: Shower in a pet bottle: Mobile beer chilling: Pet bottle lamp: Car mirror: Safe plug: Simplest way to leave it open: Among the works presented in the catalogue i was particularly curious about the following ones:. O Grivo, Polvo, Eles estão vivos, Furadeiras. Can you describe them briefly and tell us what they are about?' Passo a Passo (Step by Step) is a work by the guys of O Grivo. They propose a random percussion symphony where different notes are played as the shadows of small pieces of wood are detected by sensors connected to a computer. Each of these pieces is attached by the end of a stick which rotates 360º at random speed, so when it gets to 0º, it plays its own note very loud. It proposes an interesting contrast between a very delicate structure and loud music tones in a kind of physically constructed musical timeline.
Polvo (Octopus) from Paulo Nenflidio is a sound machine made by plastic conduits. These are originally used to hold electric cables but Paulo used them to hold compressed air. As the visitor "plays" a keyboard made out of door ring bells, the conduits blow, generating different sounds. The seven bells form a complete tone set. This bizarre octopus-instrument still have an 8th note generated by an water spray on its top.
Eles Estão Vivos (They're Still Alive) was created by Paulo Waisberg. I initially invited him to be the scenographer of the exhibition but he also came with this work. We had all these old displays and keyboards that were donated by the city's council but we didn't know how to use. Paulo created this artwork during the exhibition preparation just a day before the opening, using old footage of blinking eyes in the displays. In my opinion it tells a lot about how re-creating can be much more interesting than recycling. It's also a good demonstration of how a strong sense of improvisation and spontaneity was incorporated all through the exhibition.
Furadeiras (Drills) is one of the simplest exhibited artworks but surely one of the smartest. It's by Guto Lacaz, an experienced artist from Sao Paulo. He proposed an unusual meeting between "different generation" drills - one being analogue and the other electrical. It's an ironic interpretation between planned obsolescence and how technology evolves, sometimes just rotating around itself in an infinite loop. Or how the old (low-tech) and the new (high-tech) can live collaboratively.
How about Gambiociclo? What made you decide to create this 'mobile unit of multimedia transmission"? The Gambiocycle is inspired on Graffiti Research Lab's mobile broadcast unit. I got to be friend with those guys a few years ago, we made some stuff together, they proposed to me run GRL Brazilian sister cell www.graffitiresearchlab.com.br . We run it in parallel to Gambiologia.
I always wish to have a multimedia vehicle that could project video and digital graffiti in public space. It's terrific how that can be a straight path to a democratic dialogue between people and the city itself. But our MBU should be gambiological - reflecting the logics and aesthetics of 'gambiarra' with this strong Brazilian accent. So we built it inspired by trolleys of salesmen who ride here mostly selling products or doing political advertisement. The idea was to mix performance, happening, electronic art, graffiti and 'gambiarras'. Yes. People are always surprised as they're not much used to digital graffiti or having electronic art in the streets here. But what impressed me the most is the immediate affinity that the Gambiocycle caused in ordinary people not directly involved to art. I was initially most worried about the vehicle's funcionality or the performances' visual contents, but probably due to the strong local aesthetics it incorporates, people were suddenly feeling more like touching the MBU, taking pictures with it or riding it. I believe it comes from this unconscious feeling of spontainity the work proposes and everybody practice some way since childhood. And we just got the news that Gambiocycle got an Honorary Mention at Prix Ars Electronica 2011 yeah!
Is there a conscious art community of gambilogos in Brazil but also beyond it? Or is it more like a natural and widespread way of using technology that doesn't really need a name or a purpose community to exist? Gambiologia was initially the name our three guys' collective but the word is now being used here to identify a new way of think about technology, hacking and (Brazilian) pop culture. Like a science or a movement... It somehow captured the feeling of many creators, and I believe not only in this country. Many artists worldwide are "gambiólogos" (gambiologists) without knowing that. I recently had been in touch with the work of European artists like Niklas Roy which are pretty much gambiological! That's the feeling that Gambiólogos exhibition proposed to group and show. It doesn't need a name at all but if it had that should be in Brazilian Portuguese :^) Yes I strongly believe this country is a perfect example of chaotic miscegenation - cultural or technological - that results in a notion of creative spontaneity. As a colonial country we initially didn't have enough resources for solving everyday problems so we had to invent simple and cheap solutions... Gambiologia tries to go beyond this, bring it into the art scene with an aesthetical and political discussion about technology. Does Gambiologia have any consideration for aesthetics? Sure! But for us we had enough of Apple-like clean aesthetics, we had enough newly-released electronics. People can't stand so many rubbish and consumption... That's why we love to work and play with recycling, remixing and - why not - reproposing the notion of "old" and "new". Obrigada Fred! |


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The Giants did not get Masahiro Tanaka. They were never really interested. But there is a consolation prize: They got the guy designated for assignment to make room for Masahiro Tanaka! From the official press release:
The San Francisco Giants have acquired left-handed pitcher David Huff from the New York Yankees in exchange for cash considerations
This comes on the same day that old friend Jose Mijares signed with the Red Sox. Huff would appear to be a Mijares replacement, or at least give the Giants some left-handed depth in Fresno.
So if he's a Mijares replacement, does that mean he has ridiculously lopsided platoon splits that Bruce Bochy will ignore? Yes and no.
I | Split | PA | |||||
vs. right-handers | 983 | 1.97 | .280 | .325 | .471 | .797 | |
vs. left-handers | 452 | 1.51 | .311 | .381 | .519 | .900 |
Huh. So instead of yelling at Bochy for sending Mijares in to face righties, we'll yell at him for sending Huff in to face lefties? I guess there are fewer lefties than righties out there. Progress!
He's a fastball/change pitcher, and he sits in the upper-80s/low-90s. To be fair, those splits up there are for his career, including his time as a starter. Since then, he's been moved to the bullpen, where his strikeout-walk ratio has improved, and his splits against lefties have ... gotten even worse?
Huh. But, as a low-cost raffle ticket, this is the kind of pitcher you get, and Huff is something of a known quantity. Maybe he'll learn a slider or something and become a weaponized LOOGY after all. He's 29. Javier Lopez's career ERA was 5.06 in 172 innings when he was 29. Maybe, just maybe ...
Probably not. But he's between Wayne Franklin and Scott Eyre on the hope spectrum, and if all the Giants had to give up was cash considerations? Sounds good to me. His tweets are protected, too! Maybe he's really interesting and provocative. Like a Brian Wilson you don't want to shave with your mind, but interesting.
Welcome, other Huff. Here's your thong, and here's your mitt for when you play second base. Welcome.


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- Report: #343009
Complaint Review: EHARMONY.COM
EHARMONY.COM P.O. Box 60157
Pasadena, California U.S.A. |
EHARMONY.COM My experience with Eharmony.com Pasadena California
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1. Eharmony will not refund my money. They promise to do that, then they refuse and ask me to call them and then hang up on me. Next time I call they say I must wait online for 2 hours... and then after 40 minutes of waiting their phone line mysteriously hangs up. Then the next time I call they categorically refuse to refund my money yet the suport person on the email states that they will refund if I call them... Then when I call them they say I've been on a 3 day (three day) trial (which never was noted or found on their site).
2. Their "RelyID" service charged me $5.95 twice and the online verification failed both times yet Eharmony cathegorically refuses to refund the $5.95 (charged twice) and they send me to RelyID and RelyID sends me back to Eharmony.
3. They send me matches with kids while I indicated no kids; they send me matches from far away states while I indicated within 30 miles; Most 90% or more matches CLOSE the match no matter how good my profile is. There's just nothing wrong with me, yet 99% of the "matches" are being closed either right away or after the exhaustive question-answer ordeal and what's the weirdest that your LIKES-DISLIKES (can't stands etc.) must MATCH otherwise your match will close the match! Yet there is no way to keep your "can't stands" list short or blank. They MAKE YOU to select 10 can't stands, which is weirrrrrd! You're very limited with Eharmony on what you can do.
4. Eharmony support makes promises that they never keep ever.
5. Eharmony support is rude and hangs up on you.
6. Going to an Eharmomy site loads malicious atdmt.com files into your computer.
7. EharMONEY.com redirects to Eharmony.com . It's all about money, not about matching you with the right person.
8. 99% of "matches" do not match at all and CLOSE the match on you after you go through all the questions and answers...
9. Eharmony says I've been on a 3-day trial while there's no such thing on their website.
10. Eharmony's RElyID is pre-made to fail that they could get you fax them your sensitive details such as SS#, Photo ID and when you decide not to do that they refuse to refund your money for the RElyID service.
No advance notice is posted that user may need to manually identify themselves to RelyID. You have no choice, once you pay, all you can do is manual verification, you can't get your money back even if RelyID fails, even if they charge you twice or three times!
11. Eharmony sends you non-existing users.
12. Quite often the user's age shown as zero "0" and their location as "none" or wrong.
13. You can find closed matches in your account which you never saw before.
14. In your account you keep on seeing "Your Profile is Not Complete" (you need to verify your id) yet when you try to verify it fails and asks you to fax your Social Security Number, Two of Your Photo ID's etc.
After paying a lot of money for a membership fee you still get this your profile is incomplete unless you surrender to them your SS# !!
15. Some matches they send you suddenly disappear.
16. Most matches never respond, because they stop paying their fee, but Eharmony displays them as pending misleading you into thinking that they are still members while they are not paid members anymore and therefore until they pay again they have no way to respond to you.
17. Person's weight is not displayed. I ask not to match me with obese people yet they keep on sending me obese looking people.
18. No refund or billing policy is found anywhere on eHARMony.com
19. Eharmony does not maintain their email addresses. Provided email address failed when I emailed a support request to it.
20. Eharmony.com stopped working with Firefox in June 2008. I can't login to Eharmony.com using my favourite Firefox browser and their site opens with a blank page with a couple words on it identifying the error, but no actual error. Eharmony support promised to send a tech support email to me in 5 minutes, yet 6 hours later no such email and their site is inaccessible using Firefox.
21. Eharmony phone number is hard to find or actually nowhere to be found on their website even if you are a paid member.
22. Eharmony could see that certain kind of people close their match on me 100% of times, yet they keep on sending the same kind of people as my matches again and again (example: white U.S. women).
23. About 80% or more "matches" that they send you never respond and you will have to close that particular match probably by selecting "This match never responded to my request to communicate" before your "no response" and "CLOSED" match "portfolio" grows out of proportion...
Scenectady, New York
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 06/22/2008 08:40 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/EHARMONYCOM/Pasadena-California-91116/EHARMONYCOM-My-experience-with-Eharmonycom-Pasadena-California-343009. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Copyright © 1984 All rights reserved.
Cell, Volume 36, Issue 4, 1045-1055, 1 April 1984
Add/View Comments (0)Internal sequences are eliminated from genes during macronuclear development in the ciliated protozoan oxytricha nova
Lawrence A. Klobutcher∗, Carolyn L. Jahn† and David M. Prescott
∗ Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032.† Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, P.O. Box 4348, Chicago, IL 60680.
- During the life cycle of the hypotrichous ciliate Oxytricha nova, a macronucleus containing short, gene-sized DNA molecules is produced from a copy of the chromosomal micronuclear genome. In order to characterize the process of macronuclear development, we have isolated and determined the DNA sequence of a particular macronuclear gene and its micronuclear precursor. The results of this analysis indicate that macronuclear telomeric sequences (5′C4A43′ repeats) are not present at the ends of the gene in its micronuclear chromosomal location and must be added during development. In addition, the micronuclear copy of the gene contains three short blocks of sequence that must be removed during development, implying the involvement of a nucleic acid-splicing process in generating mature macro-nuclear genes.


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Gunpoint is a stealth puzzle game that lets you rewire its levels to trick people. This video will explain it.
Windows only for now, hopefully Mac and Linux later.
By Tom Francis. Uses Adaptive Images by Matt Wilcox.
No! Don't tell them my scheme!
There's now a mailing list for people who'd like to be told when it's out, and what we do in future. Join it why not!
I tweet news, shots of things I'm working on, and despair at the complexity of coding.
Here's the formal permission bit.
Gunpoint will be playable at Minecon in Paris this weekend! I'll be around to answer any questions. Say hi if you see me, I look like this.
I'm also giving a talk on the Sunday, about what I've learnt as a critic making my first game. That's at 10.30 AM Sunday, in the Indie Theater, which is in the New York Convention Centre. That's just a name, it's in Paris like the rest of it.
If you won't be there, my talk should be going online afterwards.
Menthol_Penguin: Dammit I really wish I could to go Minecon now!
Have fun there! :D
LucaSpeedStack: I will be there I will be at ur panel too! Will be at the lodge hotel next to the New York Convension Center! See u there!
Cleon456: dude i have just sign up for testing when can i get the alpha test?
TooNu: If Minecon is ever in Sweden and Tom is invited again, I am so there.
k0stas99: when will i be able to play the game i live in greece
timi: syper
Question about Gunpoint? Try the Gunpoint FAQ! Question about Heat Signature? There's one for that too! Question about Game Maker, Unity, tools? They're covered in both!
URLs get turned into links automatically. You can use <i>HTML</i> but not [b]forum[/b] code. If your comment doesn't show up, e-mail me - the spam filter's just detained it for questioning.


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Remember to enter Amazon via the VDARE.com link and we get a commission on any purchases you make—at no cost to you!
Vocabulary Stretch
I apologize for "vade mecum." In this case I can identify the precise source of the problem.
The furniture of our minds, including but not limited to our vocabularies, is strongly influenced by our most effortful spells of intellectual activity.
For me, that was the time thirty-odd years ago when I was trying, with only very limited success, to learn Chinese. Construing some text or other I came across the word 便覽, which I did not know. Consulting a Chinese-English dictionary I got "vade mecum." These things just stick in your mind.
Dictionaries compiled in foreign countries are often way behind the times usage-wise. One Chinese-English dictionary still used in mainland China translates 深棕色 as "n****r brown." This got a Canadian furniture importer in deep trouble a few years ago.
While I'm on the subject, here is my favorite page from the 1979 新华字典, a popular Chinese-Chinese dictionary. Look at the extreme top right, next to the page number.
Even further off topic, here is something for the sinogynephile interest. Derb-hating race purists with blood pressure issues absolutely should not click on that link.


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Red Curry Chicken
Prep: 2 minutes; Cook: 10 minutes. Instead of chicken, you can stir in 1/2 pound peeled and deveined shrimp.
Yield: 6 servings (serving size: 3/4 cup rice, 1/2 cup chicken mixture, and 1 tablespoon peanuts)
More From Oxmoor House
Nutritional Information
Amount per serving
- Calories: 389
- Calories from fat: 35%
- Fat: 15.2g
- Saturated fat: 4.2g
- Monounsaturated fat: 4.4g
- Polyunsaturated fat: 4.7g
- Protein: 13.1g
- Carbohydrate: 51.3g
- Fiber: 4.4g
- Cholesterol: 15mg
- Iron: 3.2mg
- Sodium: 389mg
- Calcium: 43mg
- 1 (16-ounce) package frozen broccoli, red peppers, onions, and mushrooms
- Cooking spray
- 1 (6-ounce) package grilled chicken breast strips (such as Louis Rich)
- 1 (13.5-ounce) can light coconut milk
- 2 teaspoons red curry paste (such as Thai Kitchen)
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 2 tablespoons thinly sliced fresh basil
- 4 1/2 cups hot cooked basmati rice
- 6 tablespoons chopped unsalted dry-roasted peanuts
- Place vegetables in a microwave-safe bowl; cover with plastic wrap, and vent. Microwave at HIGH 4 minutes; drain and set aside.
- Place a large nonstick skillet coated with cooking spray over medium-high heat. Add chicken; sauté 1 minute. Add coconut milk; bring to a boil. Stir in red curry paste and salt. Cook 5 minutes over medium heat or just until sauce begins to thicken, stirring frequently.
- Add vegetable mixture to chicken mixture, stirring well. Bring to a boil; cook 4 minutes or until sauce is slightly thickened. Stir in basil. Serve over rice, and sprinkle with peanuts.
Red Curry Chicken Recipe at a Glance
- COURSE: Main Dishes
- PUBLICATION: Oxmoor House
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Curried Chicken and Grape Salad
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