text:
Reference intervals (RIs) are ranges of upper and lower limits of a given analyte which are used for a laboratory test to determine whether a disease is present or absent or to know if the patient is at risk for future disease states. In Ethiopia, a country with highly diversified population groups and geographical sites, there are no established RIs to metabolic analytes including the liver function test (LFT) analytes for the pediatric population though it has been known that liver function assessment in this population is vital as a result of varied vulnerability to both endogenous and xenobiotic substances.
A cross sectional study was conducted in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and Teklehaymanot Health Center (THC) from November 2010 to April 2011. 117 cord blood (from newborns) and venous blood samples (from infants) were collected and analyzed using HumaStar 300. All pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical aspects were thoroughly controlled. A robust, CLSI/ IFCC recommended, method was used for the determination of upper and lower end points covering 95% of the reference values of each analyte with respective 90% CIs using MedCalc® software.
Combined RIs for newborns and infants were established for albumin, AST, ALP, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin to be 3.88-5.82 g/dl, 16.1-55.4U/l, 130-831U/l, <0.41 mg/dl and <1.37 mg/dl respectively. But, separated RIs were indicated for ALT and GGT as 1.2-23.1U/l and 6.94-24.8U/l ALT; and 30.6-160.7U/L and 10–28.2U/l GGT for newborns and infants respectively. Some maternal and infantile factors were identified to affect the values of analytes.
Almost all analytes were different from previously reported values for other target population of similar age group, kit insert values and adult values. So, interpretation of values of these analytes in newborns and infants of Ethiopian population sounds better to be performed by using such RIs taking the effect of some maternal and infantile factors in to account.
Reference intervals; Liver function test; Robust method; Newborns; Infants; Cord bloodBackground
It is well known that reference intervals (RIs) depend on many factors including the type of instrument and reagents used, the principle or method for the test that is being performed, the type of population being served and the strength of quality assurance practiced at the laboratories [1]. Hence, establishing RIs continued to be a major concern in many parts of the world since the RIs in-use were established mainly for the Caucasian population, and are often inappropriate for the diverse population that many laboratories serve, and existing RIs need to be verified or validated as they were established decades ago with methods and instrumentations that are now obsolete [2]. Moreover, establishment of RIs is becoming one agenda in assurance of quality with in clinical laboratories [3,4].
In Ethiopia, a country with highly diversified population groups and geographical sites, there are no established RIs for metabolic analytes including the liver function test (LFT) analytes for the pediatric population although some efforts have been initiated for the adult population [5]. It has been known that liver function assessment in pediatric population is vital since there is varied vulnerability to both endogenous and xenobiotic substances which is resulted from developmental changes in the liver's metabolic activity. Prolonged action of drugs in newborns is attributed to the decreased capacity of the liver to metabolize, detoxify and excrete xenobiotics. Neonatal jaundice is also resulted because of decreased capacity of glucuronide conjugation [6]. As a result, clinicians and researchers have been adopting RIs from textbooks and package inserts that were originally established based on Caucasian population for the interpretation of pediatric laboratory results though it is known that using non-Ethiopian RIs may be misleading.
The purpose of this study is then to establish RIs for the commonly requested LFT analytes in Ethiopian newborns and infants (≤ 1 year) and to determine the effect of selected demographic variables on the values of these analytes.
Method and materials
A cross sectional study was conducted in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGY) and Teklehaymanot Health Center (THC) from November 2010 to April 2011. Newborns delivered in OBGY department of TASH with over 37 weeks of gestation, ≥2500 g birth weight and no history of fetal problems were enrolled in the study and their cord blood was collected. Preterm newborns, newborns with <2500 g birth weight, newborns requiring intensive resuscitation and care, newborns from mothers with documented ante- and/or intra-partum complications (gestational diabetes, HIV, hepatitis B/C, eclampsia, etc.) were excluded. Similarly, infants coming for immunization to THC without any organic diseases or other diseases that can alter their biochemical profile and those with weights > 2700 g were included in the study and venous blood was collected. Infants that have organic diseases and other diseases that alter their biochemical profile were excluded from the study. Infants who have taken medications that can affect their biochemical profile were also excluded from the study. Structured questionnaires were used in both cases for the collection of selected demographic information.
The proposal of this study was reviewed by the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences research review committee and by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Medicine. Informed (written) consent was obtained from mothers before specimen and data collection.
The pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases of the analyses were controlled throughout the study. Moreover, a pilot study was conducted before the actual data collection. HumaStar 300 analyzer (Human diagnostics worldwide, Germany) was used for laboratory analyses and the methods applied for determination of analytes are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. Summary of test methods applied for each analyte
The data obtained from the analyzer and the questionnaires were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed by MedCalc® software Version 12.1.3. Tukey test and D'Agostino-Pearson (DAP) test were used to detect outlier values and to determine normality of distributions of analyte values respectively. The effects of different variables on the values of the analytes were determined through ANOVA and independent sample t-test. Then, the upper and lower end points covering 95% of the reference value of the analytes were determined with their respective 90% confidence intervals (CIs) by using the robust method, according to the IFCC/CLSI recommendation [13]. Haris and Boyd rule was applied to determine whether partitioning of RIs should be done.
Analytical performance of the methods
The maximum intra-assay coefficients of variations detected (CVs) were 4.15% and 4.31% for normal and pathological control sera respectively. Similarly, the maximum inter-assay CVs were 3.31% and 4.95% for normal and pathological control sera respectively (Table 2). Commercial quality control sera (HUMATROL N and P) were included in every session of analyses. LJ charts were then plotted and all the quality control results were in the acceptable limits.
Table 2. Intra- and inter assay CVs determined from duplicate analysis of quality control sera (HUMATROL N and P) for LFT analytes
Demographic data of study participants
A total of 117 study participants that fulfill the inclusion criteria were included in this study among which 60 (51.3%) were newborns and 57 (48.7%) were infants. Overall, male study participants accounted for 53.8% where as females accounted for 46.2%. Summary of the other selected demographic variables is presented in Tables 3 and 4.
Table 3. summary of the distribution of selected demographic variables among newborns and infants
Table 4. Summary of feeding practice in infants of different age groups
RI calculations for the LFT analytes
According to Tukey test, no outlier values were detected in all the studied analytes; and according to the DAP test, all the data were normally distributed/ were found to be normally distributed after logarithmic transformation.
All of the LFT analytes were different in newborns and infants though only ALT and GGT required separated RIs (Figure 1). The combined RIs (for newborns and infants) of AST, ALP, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin and albumin were 16.1-55.4 U/L, 130–831 U/L, below 0.41 mg/dl, below 1.37 mg/dl and 3.88-5.82 g/dl respectively. The separated RIs of ALT were calculated to be 1.2-23.1 U/L and 6.94-24.8 U/L for newborns and infants respectively; while the separated RIs of GGT were determined to be 30.6-160.7 U/L and 10–28.2 U/L respectively.
Figure 1. Box and Whisker plots indicating the difference among newborns and infants in values of AST (a), ALT (b), GGT (c) ALP (d), direct bilirubin (e), total bilirubin (f) and albumin (g).
Maternal alcohol consumption during the periods of gestation was the only factor that affected the values of some LFT analytes (AST and ALP) in newborns (Table 5). But in infants, age group, gender and feeding practice influenced the values of some of LFT analytes (Table 6). Some of the effects were even strong enough to statistically dictate separated RIs.
Table 5. Results of independent sample t-tests(p-values) which were performed to see effect of maternal and neonatal factors on the values of LFT analytes in newborns
Table 6. Results of independent sample t-tests* and ANOVA†which were performed to see effect of maternal and infantile factors on the values of LFT analytes in infant blood samples
Up on comparison of the RIs obtained from this study (Table 7) with previously reported values of similar age group, visually significant differences were seen. The values were also different from respective adult values determined for adult Ethiopian population (Table 8).
This study showed that the activity of AST in newborns was higher than in infants (p = 0.026, Figure 1a) even though separated RI was not justifiable according to Harris and Boyd rule. The increment could be due to the release of placental AST in to fetal circulation [17]. Both the upper and lower limits of this RI were similar to the previously reported values of the same age group population and to adult values. But, both upper and lower limits were higher than those provided in manufacturer kit inserts. Though the RI given on manufacture kit inserts lack traceability, it is clearly seen that the values are lower even than values given for adult let alone the pediatric population (Table 8).
According to Elinav et al., there is a significant association between age and serum ALT activity in which a characteristic inverted 'U' curve pattern is attained by ALT with age i.e. it increases up to 40–55 years and then decreases [24]. Accordingly, slightly lowered activity of ALT was found in newborns (Figure 1b) that necessitated separated RIs. This can be explained in the view that the fetus in normal physiological circumstances is dependent on the mother for frequent supply of glucose without a significant need of glucose production by gluconeogenesis [25]. But during infancy, there is increased gluconeogenesis and as a result the key enzyme in this process which converts alanine in to alpha ketoglutarate at the initial step, ALT, is increased [26]. The RIs determined for ALT were generally lower than values provided for children up to 3 years of age and adults (Table 8) which could be due to age difference, while they were comparable with cord blood values given in literature.
It has been documented that serum ALP activity can increase up to six times the upper reference limit of adult values during infancy and childhood, which then decreases to attain adult values by the age of 16–20 years the predominating isoenzyme being of bone origin [27]. Significant increment of ALP activity is detected in infants over newborns (p = 0.0001, Figure 1d) without a need for separated RIs. This RI was different from published values for similar age group population and adult population; particularly, the upper limit of the RI was higher (Table 8). As explained by Lucas et al., increased ALP activity might be related to slower growth rate [28].
Despite the fact that the increased activity is neither having any known clinical significance nor resulted from any fetal forms of the enzyme besides indicating immaturity [29], the activity of GGT was higher in newborns (p < 0.0001, Figure 1c) than in infants. In newborns, GGT activity may reach up to 5–7 times the upper limit of normal for adults [30]. The difference also required separated RIs. The RI of newborns was narrower than the value provided by Perkins et al. [18] in which the upper limit was almost a double of the current study while the lower limit was nearly equivalent. But, RI for infantile GGT activity was higher than the value given for children up to 3 years of age (Table 8) while the RI, more specifically, the upper limit was significantly lower than adult values as adults are known to have raised serum GGT activity induced from many factors including alcohol consumption [31].
As shown in Figure 1e and 1f, both direct and total bilirubin values were higher in cord blood than in infants (p = 0.0067 and p < 0.0001 respectively) although the differences failed to illustrate separated RIs. The increment in cord blood bilirubin could be resulted since only infants higher than 1 month of age were included in this study. Moreover, red cell degradation may be initiated in the fetus before delivery. The abrupt interruption in the net influx of bilirubin across the placenta from the fetus to the mother may also lead to further increase in the cord bilirubin [32]. The direct bilirubin RI was higher than values given in literature and manufacturer kit inserts (Table 8) but lower than values indicated for adult population. Similarly, the RI of total bilirubin was higher than values given for children and adults. But, it was significantly lower than values provided by manufacture kit inserts for newborns.
In this study, statistically significant variations were detected regarding albumin (p = 0.0002) values among newborns and infants (Figure 1g) even though the Harris and Boyd test failed to denote separated RIs. The slightly decreased concentration of albumin in newborns may not fully be explained by decreased synthesis as a result of liver immaturity since they are capable of endogenous albumin production even from early pregnancy on [33,34]. As a result, it could also be originated from other factors that govern albumin level like increased degradation, intravascular space and transcapillary escape [35,36]. The lower limit of albumin in newborns and infants was higher than that given in literature (Table 8) for these populations, but it was comparable to the adult values and kit inserts values except that it was lower than the values given for adult Ethiopian population. In contrast, the upper limit was higher than all the comparators used apart from the fact that it was lower than adult values determined in Ethiopia.
It has been indicated that a cord blood albumin value of >3.3 g/dl [37] and bilirubin value of <1.75 mg/dl [38] are presumed as safe levels in which there is minimal chance of neonatal jaundice. But, in this study, even the minimum value of albumin was higher than the aforementioned one. However, it needs further study to ascertain whether our newborns are really safe from subsequent occurrence of neonatal jaundice at the provided albumin level.
Maternal alcohol consumption during the periods of gestation was found to affect the values of AST (p = 0.003) and ALP (p = 0.011). The AST values were higher while ALP values were lower in newborns from mothers consuming alcohol during the period of gestation with separated RIs indicated for both variations (Table 7). These results need further investigation using increased sample sizes since the actual number of mothers consuming alcohol during the periods of gestation was actually 11 in this study.
In the infantile population, age dependent variation of ALP (p = 0.002) and GGT (p = 0.000) activity was detected in which the activities of both enzymes were higher in infants of age below 6 months though only the variation in GGT needed separated RI. The activity of GGT has been reported to decline in the postnatal periods reaching adult values by the age of 5–7 months [30]. Since majority of the infants below 6 months of age were on exclusive breast feeding, the increased GGT activity could partly be explained by absorption of maternal GGT mixed with breast milk [39].
Sex dependent variation of ALT was also revealed in which the activity of this enzyme is slightly higher in females with separated RIs indicated. Though separated RI is not indicated, ALP activity tended to be lower in infants on additional food to breast feeding. Albumin also showed age dependent variation in infants with separated RIs (Table 7). Infants of age group above 6 months were having higher values of albumin (p = 0.001) as a result of gradual increment through age [19].
Even though all LFT analytes showed difference in newborns and infants, ALT and GGT activities only necessitated separated RIs. Some infantile and maternal factors like age, sex, feeding practice and maternal alcohol consumption during gestational periods were important factors that affected the values of analytes in serum of newborns and infants.
Almost all LFT analytes were different from previously reported values for other target population of similar age group, kit insert values and RIs given for adult populations. Hence, interpretation of LFT analytes in Ethiopian pediatric population sounds better to be performed by using such RIs taking the effect of infantile and maternal factors in to account.
Competing interests
The authors declared no competing interests in this research. In fact, the research was financially supported by Addis Ababa University; and other non-financial supports were also obtained from Mesroy international plc (Reagents) and Medcalc Software Company (statistical software).
Authors' contributions
MM, TT and SK have participated in the conception and design of the study. MY and TT have participated in the selection of study participants. MM, PN, SA and TG have participated in the laboratory analysis and acquisition of data. MM, TT, MY and SK have participated in preparing and critically reviewing the draft manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors would like to thank Addis Ababa University for the financial support, Mesroy international plc and International clinical laboratories for their reagent and sample collection material supply, and Medcalc Software Company for their support in providing us statistical software for free.
Norbert WT WTC, Esther FF, John FK, Howard MR: Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. 2nd edition. USA: W.B. Saunders Company; 1982.
Aytekin M, Emerk K: Accurate Reference Intervals Are Required For Accurate Diagnosis and Monitoring of Patients.
International Organization for Standardization document ISO 15189:2007. Medical laboratories—Particular requirements for quality and competence. 2nd edition. Geneva;
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Concordet D, Geffré A, Braun JP, Trumel C: A new approach for the determination of reference intervals from hospital-based data.
Kinde S, Worku Y, Ayana G, Kuewku Y, Engers H, Assefa A: Establishment of Biochemical Reference Values of Commonly Requested Liver Function Tests for Apparently Healthy Ethiopian Medical Students.
20th annual conference
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Schumann G, Bonora R, Ceroitti F, Ferard G, Ferrero CA, Franck PFH, et al.: IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of enzymes at 37°C: Part 6; Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of γ- glutamyltransferases.
Bowers GN, McComb RB: A continuous spectrophotometric method for measuring the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase.
Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE: TIETZ Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular diagnostics. 4th edition. USA: Elsevier Inc; 2006.
Douinas BT, Watson WA, Biggs HG: Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromcresol green.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI): Defining, Establishing, and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory; Approved Guideline –Third Edition. CLSI document C28-A3 (ISBN 1-56238-682-4). CLSI, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400. Pennsylvania 19087–1898 USA: Wayne; 2008.
Human Diagnostic kit inserts. Bilirubin D liquicolor Photometric Test for Direct Bilirubin and Total Bilirubin Modified Jendrassik/Gróf Method. 2010.
Available online at http://www.human.de/data/applications/humastar300/su-bildt.pdf webcite
Human Diagnostic kit inserts. Albumin liquicolor Photometric Test for Albumin BCGMethod. 2010.
Available online at http://www.human.de/data/applications/humastar300/sualbu.pdf webcite
Karita E, Ketter N, Price MA, Kayitenkore K, Kaleebu P, Nanvubya A, Anzala O, Jaoko W, Mutua G, Ruzagira E, Mulenga J, Sanders EJ, Mwangome M, Allen S, Bwanika A, Bahemuka U, Awuondo K, Omosa G, Farah B, Amornkul P, Birungi J, Yates S, Stoll-Johnson L, Gilmour J, Stevens G, Shutes E, Manigart O, Hughes P, Dally L, Scott J, Stevens W, Fast P, Kamali A: CLSI-Derived Hematology and Biochemistry Reference Intervals for Healthy Adults in Eastern and Southern Africa.
Knapen MFCM, Van der Wildt B, Sijtsma EG, Peters WHM, Roelofs HMJ, Steegers EAP: Glutathione S-transferase Alpha 1–1 and aminotransferases in umbilical cord blood.
Perkins SL, Livesey JF, Beicher J: Reference Intervals for 21 Clinical Chemistry Analytes in Arterial and Venous Umbilical Cord Blood.
Lockitch G, Halstead AC, Albersheim S, MacCallum C, QuIgIey G: Age- and Sex-Specific Pediatric Reference Intervals for Biochemistry Analytes as Measured with the Ektachem-700 Analyzer.
Human Diagnostic kit inserts. GOT (ASAT) IFCC mod. liquiUV Test Aspartate Aminotransferase (EC 184.108.40.206). Available online at. 2010.
http://www.human.de/data/applications/humastar300/en-gotli.pdf webcite
Human Diagnostic kit inserts. GPT (ALAT) IFCC mod. LiquiUV Test Alanine Aminotransferase (EC 184.108.40.206). 2010.
Available online at http://www.human.de/data/applications/humastar300/en-gptli.pdf webcite
Alkaline Phosphatase liquicolor DEA Buffer, DGKC Orthophosphoric Monoester Phosphohydrolase (Alkaline Optimum) (EC 126.96.36.199). 2010.
Available online at http://www.human.de/data/applications/humastar300/En-ap-li.pdf webcite
Human Diagnostic kit inserts. γ-GT liquicolor Colorometric Test L-γ- Glutamyl Transferase (EC 220.127.116.11). 2010.
Available online at http://www.imtec-berlin.de/data/applications/humastar300/en-gt-lq.pdf webcite
Elinav E, Ben-Dov IZ, Ackerman E, Kiderman A, Glikberg F, Shapira Y, Ackerman Z: Correlation Between Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Activity and Age: An Inverted U Curve Pattern.
Kalhan S, Parimi P: Gluconeogenesis in the fetus and neonate.
Le Couteur DG, Blyth FM, Creasey HM, Handelsman DJ, Naganathan V, Sambrook PN, Seibel MJ, Waite LM, Cumming RG: The Association of Alanine Transaminase with Aging, Frailty, and Mortality.
Lucas A, Brooke G, Baker BA, Bishop N, Morley R: High alkaline phosphatase activity and growth in preterm neonates.
Allen KJ, Wassef SY, Tebbett IR, Covert RF, Whitington PF: Fetal Gender and Cocaine Exposure as Determinants of Cord Blood Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Activity.
Cabrera-Abreu JC, Green A: Glutamyltransferase: value of its measurement in paediatrics; Review Article.
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Moniz C, Nicolaides KH, Keys D, Rodeck CH: Ƴ-glutamyl transferase activity in fetal serum, maternal serum, and amniotic fluid during gestation.


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Dec 06, 2012 1:06 AM
Homophobia? Does that include people who disagree with the lifestyle? Or is it just the people who have irrational fear of homos?
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Also please read "The twin-study on homosexuality"
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Logo 10 MG (Zolpidem 10 mg)
Pill imprint Logo 10 MG has been identified as Zolpidem tartrate 10 mg.
Zolpidem is used in the treatment of insomnia and belongs to the drug class miscellaneous anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics. Risk cannot be ruled out during pregnancy. Zolpidem 10 mg has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs in schedule 3. The drug has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of the drug may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs in schedule 3.
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10 MG - Strength:
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- Prescription only
- Drug Class:
- Miscellaneous anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics
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- CSA Schedule:
- 4 - Some potential for abuse
- Manufacturer:
- Torrent Pharmaceuticals
- National Drug Code (NDC):
- 13668-0008
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00904-6083 | Major Pharmaceuticals |
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EconlibThe LibraryOther Sites |
Front Page Titles (by Subject) BOOK XV.: THE ODES OF PIN. * - The Shi King, the Old Poetry Classic of the Chinese
Return to Title Page for The Shi King, the Old "Poetry Classic" of the ChineseThe Online Library of LibertyA project of Liberty Fund, Inc.Search this Title:Also in the Library:
BOOK XV.: THE ODES OF PIN. * - Misc (Confucian School), The Shi King, the Old "Poetry Classic" of the Chinese [1891]Edition used:The Shi King, the Old "Poetry Classic" of the Chinese. A Close Metrical Translation, with Annotations by William Jennings (London: George Routledge and Sons, 1891).
About Liberty Fund:Liberty Fund, Inc. is a private, educational foundation established to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. Copyright information:The text is in the public domain. Fair use statement:This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit.
BOOK XV.THE ODES OF PIN.*I. xv. 1.LIFE IN PIN IN THE OLDEN TIME.†
I. xv. 2.THE NEST, SO HARD TO BUILD, NOW ROBBED.*
I. xv. 3.SONG OF THE TROOPS ON RETURNING FROM THE EASTERN CAMPAIGN.*
I. xv. 4.THE SAME.
I. xv. 5.COMPARISONS.*
I. xv. 6.LAMENTS IN THE EAST AT THE DUKE'S RECALL.
I. xv. 7.THE DUKE'S CALMNESS UNDER CALUMNY.†
PART II.THE MINOR FESTAL ODES.[* ]Pin was the name of a district in the west of the present province of Shen-si, and was the home of the ancestry of the Chow family from 1796 to 1325 bc [† ]We might almost call the piece the "Georgies" of Pin. It is said to have been written by the famous Duke of Chow (Chow-kung,—son of King Wăn, and brother of King Wu) for his young nephew and ward, known afterwards as King Ch'ing, so the date assigned to it would be between 1116 and 1112 bc (the period during which Chow-kung was Regent). The language is put into the mouth of the farmers, and is supposed to represent the life of the country people some centuries before its date. [‡ ]Lit., sinks the Fire-star. The Heart of the Scorpion was so called. It is computed that about this time this star passed the meridian in August. The first month therefore would begin during our February. [§ ]Lit., the first's days. The nomenclature of some older calendar seems to have been used for the winter months; but I have continued the numbers known to us,—11th, 12th, 1st, 2nd. [* ]i.e., following the plough. Any one who has seen ploughing in China through mud and water nearly knee-deep will understand this "lilting of toes." [† ]Lit., have open-air meals on the south-lying acres. [‡ ]Or, white southernwood. Besides being used in sacrifice (see I. ii. 2) this herb served in some way to assist in the hatching of the silkworm. [§ ]i.e., to be married. [∥ ]No certain month, but that in which the silkworm creeps out, when it must be fed with mulberry leaves. [* ]A general hunt, which was intended also to keep the people in training for war. [† ]In this verse three separate insects seem to be named, the locust, the "spinner," and the cricket; but the Chinese commentators say they are names of the same insect at different stages of its existence. [* ]An offering to the Spirit who was supposed to preside over the cold season. [* ]This Ode is said to have been written by the Duke of Chow to vindicate his fidelity at a time when he was accused of treachery towards the young King Ch'ing (see Note 2 on last Ode). A little history must here be given, which will throw light on this as well as the remaining pieces in this Book. [† ]On all hands I see this bird is called an owl; but the picture of it in the Urh-ya t'u is decidedly that of a hawk. The hawk is evidently Wu-Kăng, the "young ones" the Duke's brothers, and the "nest," or "house" (v. 3) the infant dynasty of Chow. [* ]This beautiful allegory Confucius has commented upon. (See Mencius II., Part i. IV. 3, Legge's Classics.) [† ]Many were still unwilling to abandon the fallen dynasty of Shang. [‡ ]The young dynasty still in danger. [* ]The Duke of Chow's Expedition to quash the rebellion (see Note 1 on last Ode). [† ]In the ranks the troops wore a kind of gag in the mouth to prevent their talking. [* ]It is to be much doubted whether the implements in these verses are weapons of war. It is more probable that they were agricultural and other tools, which had become rusty, blunted, and almost useless during the men's three years' absence. At present, when a Chinese wishes to express the fact of his having been long absent from friends, he uses the two opening lines of this Ode. [† ]Lit., the four States; but this phrase often means the four sides of the State. [‡ ]He did not go to fight so much as to make peace, and thereby to show his love and pity for his country, then so disturbed. [* ]This piece is thought by all Chinese critics to refer to the Duke of Chow. Its place in the book lends some support to their view. The substance of Chu-Hi's comment is, that the first verse expresses the desire of the Eastern people to see the famous Duke, and that the second speaks of their satisfaction on seeing him. Victor von Strauss thinks that if we are to take the lines metaphorically, they may be interpreted thus:—the young monarch Ch'ing is seeking full possession of his kingdom (the bride), and can do nothing without the Duke as his mediator and example; whilst with him as such all is brought about happily. [† ]The match-arranger (see I. v. 4) was thus, even in the twelfth century bc, as now, a sine quâ non. [‡ ]Scil., in the hand. [§ ]"Feast," lit., vessels of bamboo and earthenware, used in feasts convivial and sacrificial. [* ]Lit., with you staying two nights. But the "you" is unimportant: the people are supposed to be talking with each other. [† ]His serenity is contrasted with the action of a wolf at bay. For the calumny, see Note 1 on the second Ode. [‡ ]Scoticé. Lit., dewlap. [§ ]Red slippers were worn by the king and the chief princes. |


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Indian dailies highlight public grief over Mandela's death
New Delhi/Mumbai/Kolkata, Dec.7 : Indian dailies on Saturday highlighted the sense of public grief over the death of former South African president Nelson Mandela.
Mandela, who emerged from 27 years of imprisonment to help guide South Africa to democracy, died on Thursday from a lung related illness.
Indian newspapers ran banner headlines mourning the death of South African anti-apartheid hero as people held special prayers and candle light vigils in his memory.
"It is a big loss to the world because he was Nobel prize winner and follower of non-violence and Gandhiji's principles (Mahatma Gandhi, leader of independence struggle), so I think it is a big loss to the world," said Mumbai resident Arun Kumar.
President Jacob Zuma said Mandela would be buried on December 15 at his ancestral home of Qunu in Eastern Cape Province.
Zuma also announced Mandela would be honoured at a December 10 memorial service at Johannesburg's Soccer City stadium, the site of the 2010 World Cup final.
Qunu is 700 kilomters south of Johannesburg, in a plot where three of his children and other close family members are buried.
Despite reassurances from public figures that Mandela's death at 95, while sorrowful, would not halt South Africa's advance from its apartheid past, there were those who expressed unease about the absence of a man famed as a peacemaker.
Flags flew at half mast across the country, and trade was halted for five minutes on the Johannesburg stock exchange.
The National Flag of South Africa at the embassy in New Delhi has been at half-mast since Friday.
The Indian government has declared five days of official mourning.
Meanwhile, Kolkata resident Madhu said the world is very sad over Mandela's demise, and described him as an inspirational figure for many in India and the world.
--ANI (Posted on 07-12-2013)
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Naval commander killed in gas leak aboard warship under outfitting
BJP doesn't see graft in states ruled by it: Rahul Gandhi
Indian-American owned firm developing zero pressure tyre for US army
India ticks off Pakistan's offer of admission to expelled Kashmiri students
Government to set up inflation target, RBI to implement
Rahul Gandhi's allegations on RSS baseless, must apologize: Ravi Shankar Prasad
Antony should resign, not been acting responsibly: Prakash Javadekar
Supreme Court issues notice to centre on petitions filed by former Andhra CM
Quick Links: Goa | Munnar | Pondicherry | Free Yearly Horoscope '2014


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Most Popular This Week
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Power At All Costs: Virginia GOP Pull Redistricting Dirty Trick Because It Seems That's Just Who They Are
How Low Can You Go Dept: Operating under their party's time-tested belief that if you can't win at the ballot box, cheat, Virginia Republicans rammed a surprise redistricting plan to maximize GOP seats through a tied Senate while Sen. Henry Marsh (D), a 79-year-old black civil rights veteran, was at Obama's inaugural celebrating national unity and our political process. The move was a surprise to almost everyone - including Republican Gov. Bob McDonnell - except the creeps who came up with it. After the vote, the Senate adjourned in honor of Confederate General 'Stonewall' Jackson - on Martin Luther King Day. Angry Democrats say they will fight the bill. Rachel Maddow isn't too happy with it, either.
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Welcome to the Machida era |
Story Highlights
Lyoto Machida defeated Rashad Evans at UFC 98 for the light heavyweight titleLyoto's father, Yoshizo, taught him the art of "Machida Karate" when he was youngMachida's unparalleled skill may make him the most talented fighter right now |
LAS VEGAS -- As Lyoto Machida walked through the corridors of the MGM Grand Garden Arena back to the locker room after knocking out previously undefeated Rashad Evans in the second round of their main-event fight Saturday, tears welled up in his eyes as he looked down at the new UFC light heavyweight championship belt wrapped around his waist. These were the same tears he felt at times as a child waking up every morning before the sun had risen to face his father and teacher, Yoshizo, as he mastered the art of "Machida Karate." It was no surprise then that after Machida (15-0) knocked out Evans with a devastating left hook, the newly crowned champ screamed, "Karate's back!" and later added in the post-fight press conference, "It's hard to match up with Machida Karate. It's difficult to understand." "Machida Karate" is a unique style, based in the principles of Shotokan karate that Yoshizo created when he moved to Belem, Brazil, from Japan. It focuses primarily on foot movement and being able to neutralize your opponent from any angle, a necessity for the 5-foot-6 Yoshizo, who almost always faced taller opponents, such as his son who is 6-foot-1, 205 pounds. The true beauty of the style is both its efficiency and elusiveness that draw from the essence of martial arts: inflicting damage without taking any. There are no wasted movements or motions by Machida when he is fighting. His punches usually hit their target and he is able to elude his opponent when they attempt to counter with his masterful footwork and innate ability to know when to get out of harm's way. Imagine being blindfolded and hit from your right. As you try to hit back, you get punched from your left and then get kicked upside the head. That's what it's like fighting Machida. He looks the same going into the fight as he does after winning one. You won't see him hiding a shiner behind dark sunglasses at the post-fight press conference. During his fight against Evans, he was only hit twice and was never in danger. In fact, the UFC recently launched a stats program and discovered that Machida is the least-hit fighter in MMA history, getting hit once every two-and-a-half rounds, according to UFC president Dana White. It's an unheard-of number in a sport where fighters trade dozens of blows during the course of five-minute rounds. Machida is also the second-most accurate striker behind fellow Brazilian and UFC middleweight champion Anderson Silva with a 70-percent hit rate. Other UFC fighters average half that number. Unfortunately, those hoping for a possible dream matchup between the two Brazilian champions and two of the best pound-for-pound fighters in the world will have to continue to dream on. Ed Soares, who manages both fighters, said they won't fight each other and that Machida will focus on defending his title for the first time against former champion Quinton "Rampage" Jackson in September. Machida and Jackson both came to the UFC nearly three years ago when the company bought the World Fighting Alliance specifically to acquire their contracts. Jackson recently said during a conference call that Machida's style was "boring as hell," which is a criticism that has been leveled against both Machida and Silva. Although it would be hard to label Machida as boring after winning "Knockout of the Night" honors in beating Evans and the previously undefeated Thiago Silva this year. Part of what makes Machida so difficult to scout and understand as a fighter is that while MMA as a mainstream sport is fairly new (the UFC was founded 15 years ago) and many fighters try to learn different fighting disciplines in a matter of months (many will brag about working with a wrestler or a boxer to hone their skills before a fight), Machida was raised at his father's karate gym. In a sport that has few karate champions, Machida isn't only rare; he's one of a kind. Watching Machida in the Octagon at times is like watching a new innovation in sports before the rest of the competition has caught up. The look of confusion in his opponents' eyes could best be compared to how the first defensive players must have reacted when they were exposed to the Wishbone or the Spread offense in football. How do you defend something you've never seen before and can't practice against? After watching the UFC light heavyweight championship change hands four times in the last five title fights, the promotion's, and the sport's, premier division might have finally found a champion who will reign for a long time. "It's the Lyoto Machida era," said White. "I've never seen anything like him. He might be the most talented fighter on the planet right now." | Latest News
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Find inspiration, tips and techniques about housekeeping.
A link to %this page% was e-mailed
Use metal buckets to hold just about anything anywhere.
An organizing pro takes a shot at making one bedroom work for two sisters.
Organizing pro Kristin Long uses her expertise to shape up one family's garage.
Follow these organizing tips for an inspiring and motivating work space
The Long family has an entire room devoted to Christmas supplies and decorations. But after years of accumulating ornaments, lights and...
See how expert organizer Kathy McCarthy whips a couple's spare room into shape.
Pro organizer Terri Lynn works her organizational magic in a clutter-filled home office.
Keep craft and hobby supplies ready for use by building a cart on wheels.
Browse new rooms from top designers.


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Sep 5 2013, 2:33am CDT | by Luigi Lugmayr
Apple is somehow not getting any better in protecting the leaks of components of unreleased iPads and iPhones. We already pretty much know for sure how the new iPhone 5S, iPhone 5C, iPad 5 and iPad mini 2 will look like based on the many leaked casings from the Asian supply chain.
Unbox Therapy has published two great videos that compare the current generation of the iPad with the upcoming one. Of course there is a always a chance that the final products will look different, but I doubt it at this point. We are only 5 days away from the official unveiling of the new iPads and iPhones at the Apple media event on Sept. 10.
Find more Apple News and Rumors in our Apple News Hub and on our new real-time Apple news site Apple Balla. Apple is set to have an exciting fall and holiday season with the release of iOS 7 and OS Maverick in addition to a slew of new devices including the iPhone 5S, iPhone 5C, iPad 5, iPad mini 2, Mac Pro, MacBook Air, iMac and MacBook Pro. There might also be something completely new that we do not know about. It is likely not the iWatch, which is expected for 2014.
Luigi Lugmayr
Luigi Lugmayr (Google) is the founding chief Editor of I4U News and brings over 15 years
experience in the technology field to the ever evolving and exciting
world of gadgets. He started I4U News back in 2000 and evolved it into
vibrant technology magazine.
Luigi can be contacted directly at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Dr. Jeffrey S. Roh, MD
Board-certified physician and surgeon
Physician Dr. Jeffrey S. Roh, MD is a board-certified, award-winning specialist in minimally invasive spine surgery. As a physician and surgeon with expertise in the spine, he specializes in treating adult and pediatric spinal disorders. Dr. Roh employs both non-surgical and minimally invasive surgical treatments to address the symptoms that can arise from abnormal spinal function.
Dr. Roh has received numerous awards for his work and patient communication skills. He has completed numerous prestigious fellowships and appointments related to spinal surgery and research. Dr. Roh is licensed to practice medicine and surgery in the state of Washington.
My philosophy for every patient begins with the fundamental premise of always listening to the patient. Each person brings unique and interesting problems that require a thoughtful, personalized solution. The spine is wonderfully complicated and fascinating. The backbone lends both stability and flexibility to our bodies, and protects the neural structures that allow us to move, breathe, live, and function. I consider myself one of the lucky few who can freely admit that I love my job.
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Nyse euronext
Technical problems yesterday morning caused the London International Financial Futures and Options exchange to halt trading of its Euribor and CAC40 futures products.
Euronext.liffe, the London-based derivatives exchange, will launch futures and options based on raw sugar next month.
Euronext.Liffe, the European derivatives exchange, will cut its fees for trading equity options through its electronic trading platform, Liffe Connect, from November 1.
Insurance Risk and BNY Mellon have conducted a survey to look at how insurance companies are preparing for the new regime and the opportunities and challenges that the changes will bring.
More Nyse euronext articles
Surging trading volumes this year, specifically on short-term interest rate (Stir) futures and options products, caused processing capacity problems at the London Financial Futures and Options Exchange (Liffe), according to RiskNews' sister publication,...
The London International Financial Futures & Options Exchange (Liffe), part of pan-European exchange Euronext, will offer three-month Eurodollar futures and options contracts starting on March 18.
Weather derivatives may not be the most widely traded product on exchanges, but new initiatives and strong trading volume at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange bode well for the development of a mature exchange-traded market. Paul Lyon reports
US electronic stock exchange Nasdaq has pulled out of its joint venture with Euronext.Liffe to create a market for single-stock futures.
Regulation from continental Europe has acted as a "straightjacket" around Euronext.liffe's efforts to bring all its derivatives products together on a single electronic trading platform, according to Nick Weinreb, head of group regulation at Euronext.liffe....
Dutch bank ABN Amro last month started to offer its clients oil and gas hedgingservices, as part of its financial markets business which incorporates debt capitalmarkets, structured lending and risk management activities.
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) will introduce six additional weather futures and options contracts at the end of the month. The CME's new seasonal degree day index futures and options will offer coverage in the November-to-March heating season...
This paper discusses a number of diverse considerations that risk managers need to incorporate into their thought processes and recurring procedures if they are to fulfill their role more effectively in the future
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Big Brand new Moombasoul Callabo from Tanner and DJ Self-Help
Brand New Tanner Website: Tannermusic.tv
DJ Tanner has just released his BRAND NEW website and it's super clean and oh so prime. Head over to
now to see just how hard Tanner has been murdering it in NYC.
Deejay Theory Guest Mix on the Toddla T Show for the BBC's Radio 1 and 1 Xtra
This past week, Deejay Theory put together this quick guest mix for the big man Toddla T and his show on BBC Radio 1 and 1xtra. This is a live rip straight from the show which premiered a heap of new exclusives and upcoming remixes in the dancehall and bass arena. Head to Theory's Soundcloud page and grab it !
1 Xtra,
BBC Radio 1,
deejay theory,
Toddla T
Baby Cham is in Vancouver and Ready to Take the Stage at BarNone Tomorrow - Thursday Oct 17th, 2013
Cham is here in Vancity already! Peep his message to the fans!
Faction Sound & Neal Loud Present CHAM live in Vancouver October 17th, 2013 at Bar None
Cham aka Baby Cham touches down in Vancouver October 17th to bun down Bar None live in concert alongside Vancouver's own Jahfus and DJs Arems, Hoppa and Abel. From recent huge hits like Lawless, Wine and Tun Up to his classics like Joyride, Babylon Bwoy, Ghetto Story and Vitamin S - Cham is a vet in the Dancehall scene and an incredible live performer. Do not miss your chance to catch him live for such a low price.
Tickets start at just $20 and are available at:
Dipt, Beat Street, Zulu, East Side Urban Wear, Junior's Barber Shop, Bingi's Cafe and the Caribbean Market or online:
Mixtape: Faction Sound Crew & DJ Hedspin - Chillin, Illin and Grillin Part 2 - Music to BBq Two
Beef, Babes, Beers and of course Beats; how else could you sum up all the prime vibes of the summertime? This year The Faction Sound Crew has teamed up with none other than the 2011 Redbull Threestyle Champion, Dj Hedspin for the second instalment of our ode to summertime madness, "Chillin Illin and Grillin - Music to BBQ Two". Your favorite DJ crew has significantly bolstered its line-up with SF's own Super Producer Deejay Theory and Miami Power-Hitter Iron Lyon. Pioneering members Tanner and Arems thrown in for good measure and Rhek on the design ...you know its gonna be a tasty mix. This year we have over 60 tracks from 5 dj's of many genres with classic selection of music, mixed with skill and style. Grab the free download, fire up the grill and pump this one!
Kat Dahlia - Gangsta (Deejay Theory remix)
Deejay Theory ♒ Northern Nights Mix ♒
New mix for summer from our boy Deejay Theory gearing up for the Northern Nights Festival July 19-21 in Northern California. Bits of dancehall, deep moombahton, hip hop and more set the tone with some originals and exclusives as well. Pure summertime heat. Free download below or here
More info and tracklist here
DJ Arems - The Best Of Popcaan Mix CD
Popcaan has been one of my top 3 Dancehall artists for a long time now and with him coming to Vancouver this Sunday I thought it was the perfect time to put together a mixtape of his biggest chunes. This mix incorporates 46 of my favourite Popcaan tracks including 5 Faction dubplates and his newest track "Unruly Rave" which was just released today. Download it now and make sure to come through his concert June 9th at Barnone. Big shout outs to Rhek for the dope cover art.
1. Intro
2. Party Non-Stop
3. When We Party (Faction Dub)
4. Party Shot
5. Rack City Freestyle
6. Ravin (Faction Dub)
7. Clean
8. So We Do It
9. Coolie Gal
10. Do That
11. Me Baby Dat
12. Only Man She Want (Faction Dub)
13. We Nuh Fraid A People
14. We Never Fear Dem ft Vybz Kartel
15. So Bad
16. Gangsta Way
17. Real Badman
18. Nuh Sell Out
19. Protect Them Lord
20. Middle Day
21. Cah Believe
22. Nuh Box Pon Jaw
23. Food Haffi Run
24. Bad Anyweh
25. Up Inna Di Club (Faction Dub)
26. The System
27. Dream
28. Money Green
29. Fry Yiy
30. Diss My Friend
31. She Want Hood
32. Whine Up
33. Wine
34. Road Affi Take On
35. Jah Jah Protect Me
36. Clean Stamp
37. Hot Grabba ft Vybz Kartel
38. Dem Sell We Out
39. Head Bad (See Me and Talk)
40. Badmind A Kill Dem
41. Clarks ft Vybz Kartel (Faction Dub)
42. Unruly Rave
43. Gangster City
44. Nuh Link (Stay Far)
45. Get Gyal Easy
46. Naughty Girl
47. Gangster City Part 2 (The City Yeah)
48. Outro
Popcaan - Live In Vancouver w/ DJ Arems, Kemo & Jahfus at Barnone June 9th, 2013
One of Jamaica's baddis artists on the planet is coming through Vancouver for a must see concert at Barnone this Sunday. Popcaan has been destroying the dancehall scene for close to 6 years now and he's only getting bigger and better. With hundreds of tickets sold far and wicked opening line up including Jahfus, Kemo and Arems, this promises to be one of the best shows of the year. Tickets are available on line for $30 HERE. Get em quick before the show sells out! Click the flyer above for more info.
at Bar None Sundays
Bar None Nightclub – 1222 Hamilton
Hands Solo and Tanner at Southside NYC
Hands Solo X Tanner
Wednesday in NYC we have Switzerland's Finest the one and only Hands Solo touching down inside Soho's hottest party alongside Tanner. Hand Solo is not only one of Europe's brightest stars but you can catch him across the globe destroying dancefloors, check him out at www.handssolo.net
Reggae Sundays - All DJ Edition at Queens Republic Sunday May 26 w/ Arems, Hoppa, Rexx and Rico Uno
Reggae Sundays at the Queen's Republic has become an institution in Vancouver as the only place that's guaranteed PAKD every single Sunday. This week is one of the rare occasions where the band will be off for the night and DJs Arems, Rexx, and Hoppa join resident Rico Uno to drop non stop FIYAAAH til 3am. Hit up @djarems on twitter for guest list.
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- Publisher: Media-Trade
- Release Date: Aug 18, 2012
Big Music Trivia was created for all music lovers. Hundreds of questions carefully selected span from early rock'n roll era to the big hits of the last decade. Are you a music genius or are you embarrassed to show your playlist? Challenge your friends on Game Center or brag about your high score via e-mail or Twitter. Simple, great looking interface supports retina displays.Now lets test your knowledge! Do you really know as much as you think you do?
Developer: | Media-Trade |
Genre(s): | Rhythm Games |
Designer/Producer/Programmer credits provided by GameFAQs.
If you contributed to this game and feel you should be
credited, please read our


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Member Profile
Name | Beverly Belieber |
Joined | 444 days ago |
@star_1bieber | |
Hobbies | Singing, going on missions trips all around the world! |
About Me | I ABSOLUTELY love to sing and dance and perform...and JUSTIN BIEBER is my hope and inspiration!!! <3 Belieber all day everyday 24/7 never turning back!!!! Because of justin i have hope in my life...it is very hard to acomplish what my dreams are, but with justin by my side as my love, my life, my heart, and my soal, ill give it everything i got until i reach what ive been dreaming for! All i need to do is BEILEVE!!!! |


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NEW Micro-Motion CMF300M Sensor & 1700 Transmitter KIT |
$7,999.00 |
Auction Listed Under Business & Industrial :: Electrical & Test Equipment
WeGoLook Fixed Price Auction # 1168214 |
NEW Micro-Motion CMF300M Sensor & 1700 Transmitter Mass Flow Sensor: CMF300MS355NQBAMZZZ SN:14003007 2006 Micro Motion Transmitter: 1700R11ABAMZZZ Status: new. Picture is stock. Heavy Unit. The shipping weight is about 85kg. The buyer pays the shipping to US, west Europe or Australia. The shipping is $800 by DHL or UPS. Or you can pay the shipping at your own courier account. Item location is Shanghai, China and the zip code here is 200011. Customs' Check may cause delay in some EU countries.
email MSN www.moneybookers.com www.escrow.com account: firstname.lastname@example.com Item Location: Shanghai China Accept Best Offer. Accept Pick up. |


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Lynnvale High School Class of 1961 celebrated its 50th anniversary reunion with a reception and then joined other Lynnvale graduates for dinner on May 21 at the Christian Life Center of White Mills Christian Church.
Twenty-one of the 46 graduates reminisced with each other and faculty members David Miller, Karolyn Sisk Hayden and Brad Mertens. Nine of the graduates are deceased. A special time of remembrance was observed in their honor.
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Looking for something else?
Arley Tour Eiffel34, Rue Viala, 15. Eiffel Tower - Porte de Versailles, 75015 Paris (Show map)
Score from 428 reviews
the staff were very friendly and the rooms were always clean
The location is great, and remains lively even late night. Connectivity is great, and moreover Eiffel tower is just 10 mins away.
The man at the desk was very nice and helpful.
Boulogne Billancourt
Close to the metro station And the Eiffel Tower.
Daily make up room
Mukim Tanjong Minyak, Melaka
The day manager was very helpful and friendly
Location,receptionist friendly ,price good value..keep it up
dublin 1 ireland
It is close to Trocadero and Eiffel tower; and the metro station is very close as well.
We barely spent any time at the hotel but the staff we encountered were friendly and helpful. Good location for walking or for Metro (Dupleix literally two minutes walk) Quiet location.
the hotel is very close to Eiffel Tower, metro and its in the centre of the city.
Arley Tour Eiffel is just a 10-minute walk from the Eiffel Tower and 325 ft from Dupleix Metro Station. It has free Wi-Fi access in public areas and the rooms with private bathrooms have satellite TV. A buffet breakfast is served every morning in the breakfast room. Additional facilities include a laundry service, a conference room and an elevator that serves all of the guest rooms. Trocadéro, which offers the best views of the Eiffel Tower, is a 20-minute walk from the Arley. The local metro system leads to Paris' sights including Place de la Concorde and Opéra. We speak your language! Hotel Rooms: 31 Why use Booking.com?Why use Booking.com?Low ratesNo booking fees • Save money! • Best Price Guaranteed 434,134 properties worldwide
Including 116,903 vacation rentals Unbiased reviews26,110,000 reviews from real guests We speak your languageWebsite and customer service in English (US) and 41 other languages Booking is safeWhen you book with us your details are protected by a secure connection. InternetFree! Wi-Fi is available in public areas and is free of charge. ParkingNo parking available. GeneralSafe, Non-smoking Rooms, Elevator, Heating, All Spaces Non-Smoking (Public and Private), Air Conditioning Languages spokenFrench , English Check-inFrom 2:00 PM Check-outUntil 11:00 AM Cancellation/
Hôtel de l'Exposition - Tour EiffelLocated on the Left Bank in central Paris, this hotel exhibits photos, antiques and paintings celebrating the city's important historic events. It provides an airport shuttle and a 24-hour front desk....Most recent booking for this hotel was yesterday at 19:01
Score from 514 reviews
Very good
- 8.2/10
Timhotel Tour EiffelTimhotel is in the center of Paris, less than half a mile from the Seine River and half a mile from Champs de Mars and the Eiffel Tower. It offers modern rooms with free Wi-Fi.Most recent booking for this hotel was yesterday at 18:43
Score from 254 reviews
- 7.4/10
Hôtel Le Relais Saint CharlesIn the center of Paris, a 15-minute walk from the Eiffel Tower and Champ de Mars, this boutique hotel offers soundproofed and air-conditioned rooms with free Wi-Fi access.Most recent booking for this hotel was yesterday at 19:36
Score from 1039 reviews
Very good
- 8.3/10
Grenelle Paris Tour EiffelGrenelle Paris Tour Eiffel is just a 10 minute walk from the Eiffel Tower. Its air-conditioned rooms have TV with cable channels and free Wi-Fi access.Most recent booking for this hotel was yesterday at 19:52
Score from 771 reviews
- 7.3/10


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View jsIRA's Instablogs on:
10 Stocks That Could Be Doubled In Value During January Rally - VRNG
2012 is about over. With less than three weeks left in 2012, the US stock market will almost certainly have another year of extraordinary run. Year to date, Nasdaq has risen an impressive 14.62% and S&P 500 has gained 12.80%.
However a number of stocks are not so fortunate. Many suffered huge loses so far this year and are now getting hit even harder with tax-loss selling.
Many of those beaten down stocks are likely to rebound substantially in January. And this is particularly true among small cap stocks. We call this phenomenon "January Effect" or "January Rally" and it occurs over most of the years.
Now is a good time to identify the right stocks which may be poised for a big January rally.
How to Play the January Rally?
We need to have a good strategy to play the January rally in order to maximize the possible returns. A good strategy should tell us
- How to select the right stocks;
- When to buy; and
- When to sell.
As the title indicated, we want to identify stocks which may give us 100%+ returns during the upcoming January rally, but at the same time we want to keep the risks low.
The stock we are looking for should meet the following criteria:
- Has to be a small cap - current market cap < 1.5 billion.
- Price has down at least 50% from year high.
- Price < $10.
- Has plenty of cash with no or very little debt.
- Has story behind its possible rally in January.
- Has good liquidity. Average daily volume > 500k. In most cases > 1 million.
- Price gain may be sustainable.
- High growth or potential high growth in 2013 and beyond.
- History - last year's January performance. History may repeat.
- Analysts' average one year price target is at least 100% higher than its current price.
When to Buy
We will buy the picks during the next three weeks and want to buy them at their strong support levels.
When to Sell
- We may sell it if a stock gained over 100% during January
- We will put a trailing stop at 10% below its high once a stock gained over 30%.
- If neither happens, sell it at the end of January.
Now is our first pick
Pick No. 1 - VRNG
We select this stock as our number one pick because this stock is currently one of the most debated stocks among many investors and it also meets most of our selection criteria.
- Market Cap: $247.1 million (pass).
- Share Count: 80 million.
- Cash: $50 million (pass).
- Debt: $0 (pass).
- Year high/low: $5.76/$0.68.
- Current stock price: $3.06 (down -46.87% from its year high, fail, but not far away)
- Average daily volume: 7.97 million (pass).
- Its strong support level: $2.8 - $3.1 (pass). See chart below
- Has a story behind its possible rally in January - yes. See below for explanation
Stock closed at $3.06 as of this writing. This stock has been in $2.81 - $4.25 trading range most of times since April and now is at the bottom of its trading range.
Stock has been quite weak. It lost about 27% in last 10 trading sessions due to the market's increasing confusions on the jury's verdict for the case.
In jury's verdict, Vringo was awarded a total of $30.5 million for the past damage and a 3.5% running royalty.
The $30.5 million past damage includes $15.8 million from Google and $14.7 million from other four defendants (AOL, GCI, IAC and Target).
If $15.8 million is used as a reference for future damage calculation, the company may get roughly $15.8 million per year or $63.2 million total for the next four years from Google. The total award VRNG will get may be at around $94 million.
Vringo is currently valued at a 1.7 x multiple of its expected cash level - $50 million cash plus $94 million possible damage payment.
What could be the story on the company next month?
First the main event - Judgment day may be in early January. We will hear Judge's final judgment. The stock price will be greatly affected by how much Judge will award to Vringo.
If Judge corrects the "math error" made by jury's calculation on the past damage and bring the total past damage to $158 million from Google instead of $15.8 million, Vringo's stock price will immediately run up roughly by $1.25.
If Judge keeps the past damage amount unchanged but awards a higher future damage payment, stock will go higher as well. For each additional $100 million award, we will add $0.80 to its current stock price.
That is, if the total future award is $300 million more than market expectation, Vringo's stock price should go up around $2.4. With $400 million more, we should see a double on Vringo's stock price.
Stock will be traded within its current trading range before Judge makes his final judgment.
Our view: We believe that Judge will use 3.5% x 20.9% formula to calculate Vringo's future damage payment.
The second event which may become the company's next main event: The progress on its patent infringement lawsuit filed against ZTE Corp in UK and Germany. If the lawsuit has significant development in favor of Vringo during January, stock will also be boosted.
Risk: Stock may try to touch $2.81, the low of its 8 month trading range in coming days. The maximum pain will be $2.50. That is, we may see 20% down risk.
Reward: The stock price could be doubled if Judge's final judgment is in favor of Vringo. That is, 100% up potential.
That is, 20% down risk against 100% possible reward.
Our buy price: We will use $3.06, its today's close price, as our buy price.
Additional Notes:
After this writing, we sent our second and third picks to our current members last week. The remaining seven picks will be sent during the next two weeks.
All the picks are carefully selected with low down risks and potential high returns.
Our service currently contains "Core Portfolio", "$5K Portfolio" and "Short Term Play".
Short Term Play is our new service. It has gained over +182.13% (non-compounded) or +537.55% (compounded) since its inception April 2012.
"January Rally Portfolio" is our one-month Portfolio. We are currently building our positions now and the performance will be given by the end of January 2013.
Can you afford $49.95?
By Subscribing into our service (only $49.95 per month), we truly believe that you can make much more money than the Monthly service charge.
Disclosure: I am long VRNG. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it. I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
Tags: VRNG, long-ideas -
Monthly Market Review And January Rally
Monthly Review
The US stock market finished flat for the month of November. Nasdaq did the best. It closed at 3,010.24, up +1.10%; S&P 500 was up 4.02 points or +0.28%; DJI finished lower for the month. It lost 70.88 points or -0.54% and closed at 13,025.58.
There was an after-election market mini-crush and followed by a strong buy-on-dip. The timing for the market rebound is perfect as shown in the S&P 500 weekly chart below:
It bounced back at exactly the bottom of its uptrend channel. November 16, 2012 low will be served as the near term low and the four year bull run, which started in March 2009, will continue. We will certainly see new highs in coming months.
Our Portfolios and Play did well in November. $5K Portfolio gained +9.58%; Core Portfolio went up +4.60% for the month and our Short Term Play returned +18.77% for the last four weeks (It gained +14.94% for November).
Our prediction for December: We believe that December will be another flat month with one more up/down swing. But the volatility will be much smaller. Technically all major indexes are short term overbought and may see pull backs this week.
January Rally
The January rally may have already started ahead of time. Many small cap stocks run up huge since November 16 market bottom. Some of them are listed in the table below, Their runs all occurred in less than two weeks:
Please be noted that all the above stocks were hit very hard before their runs started. Many are our picks such as PPHM, STSI, GRPN, OCLR, THQI, OCZ, MCP.
Small cap runs has just started and more will follow. This is the time we should put our money to work for us.
$5K Portfolio
Our Portfolio gained +9.58% last month and up +361.61% since its inception June 2009. Our original goal is to make 70% compounded return and grow the money from $5,000 to $41,000 in four years. That provided to be a difficult goal for us. It did have made more than 70% return during its first year existence and almost reached our goal for the first two years of runs. But we only managed to make 13% gain in our third year. The reason: we was caught by Wall Street's eye and they tracked our trading strategy (they actually subscribed into our service ) and made attacks on us. Wall Street does not want anyone to beat the market in the long term run.
Therefore we changed our trading strategy again since June this year. It worked well and our Portfolio gained +35.24% since June and S&P 500 gained only +8.08% in the same period. The following table summarized our yearly performance via the performance from S&P 500 since June 2009:
We have seven months to go for its forth year run. It is very difficult to double the money in 7 months. But we will try.
Top 20 Gainers For The Week Of September 17 - 21
The following table listed the top 20 gainers for the third week of September:
1. Only stocks with recent daily trading volume > 200,000 are considered;
2. Chinese ADRs are not included;
3. M&A related stocks are not included.
Half of the top 20 gainers are healthcare related. They are
CBLI, AMPE, HNSN, DHRM, AEZS, CYCC, HEB, PPHM, MACK, and HALO
FFI (1) - Business service
CERP (2) - Chemical (bio-related) materials;
FFN (3) & BVSN (13) - Social network related;
GOK (4) - Oil & Gas Equipment
USU (6) - Enriched uranium maker;
EXM (7) - Shipping;
NESX (8) - LED maker
DLGC (9) - Communication Equipment
NIHD (19) - Wireless Communication
Is the AIG share price recent run up justified)? $AIG, $C, $BAC http://seekingalpha.com/p/jl4 Jan 30, 2014
Is the AIG share price recent run up justified)? $AIG, $C, $BAC http://seekingalpha.com/p/jl4 Jan 30, 2014
HZNP - finally I made another double today. Bought at 2.23 two months ago. Oct 25, 2013
Latest Comments
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- jsIRA on Market Drop Is Imminent - It Could Start From Tomorrow Yes, our short term target is 1,660.
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Hey all,
Really want to pick up some extra 'Y' connectors for my classic Moduloks. If anyone is looking to sell some, either the larger 'neck' variety or the standard limb ones, please PM me....
Type: Posts; User: geooco
Hey all,
Really want to pick up some extra 'Y' connectors for my classic Moduloks. If anyone is looking to sell some, either the larger 'neck' variety or the standard limb ones, please PM me....
Mine broke at the neck. I was able to glue the pieces back but I just leave her there on my top shelf, untouched, for fear she'll break again.
Very cool! How well exactly does the vintage Modulok plug into Classics? Is it a secure fit or are they just kind of leaning together in those pics?
I really like the dual-tail pincer look you got there.
You should slap some spoilers on this quickly for people who don't want to see the Unnamed One.
Got mine yesterday. No complaints on Glimmer, but I really wish that Modulok's chest disconnected from his hip piece. Also, the vintage Modulok came with 5 of those 'v' connector pieces, as opposed...
+1 for me.
Got an extra Modulok so I can create some John Carpenter's Thing type monstrosities, and an extra BG Teela 'cause the price was nice. In and out, easy peasy.
In no particular order...
1.Horde Mummy
2.Horde Witch
4.Lord Masque
6.Evilseed MYP
7.Red Beast
Awesome, thanks for the reply. Definitely going to pick up an extra one Monday then. I want to make some full-on John Carpenter's Thing nightmare type stuff.
I've been looking all over the net and haven't seen any pics with Modulok's arms attached to his hip sockets. Are his arms able to attach to his hips (and vice versa, can his legs attach to his...
Yeah, no worries.
There's a new official He-man YouTube Channel. In addition to publishing old He-man and Masters of the Universe episodes it looks like there is going to be a lot of fun Filmaton-derived new content....
Eh, Man-E-faces.
Congrats on being the first!
Wun-Dar! He's MY personal he-man!
Really looking forward to getting this guy.
Nice, I'm happy for you all. I snagged him back in the day and he is a pretty snazzy fella.
That's weird. I called them yesterday asking if I had put it on my Visa or Amex. After they asked me a few questions to confirm my identity, they confirmed it was the Amex. I didn't ask for the...
I'm going with Megator, just to be contrarian.
hmm, Snake Face.
My personal canon is pretty complex. As Zodac is stated as a Cosmic Enforcer, I figure there must be at least several of them, like the Green Lanterns in DC comics. The standard MOTUC release of...
Octavia and Gygor.
Me three for November 19th! Super exciting!
Nice action shot!
Clawful. He's awesome.
Mantenna, one of the top figs in the line.
Your ideas are intriguing to me, and I wish to subscribe to your newsletter:hmgrin:
Horde Troopers and Sky Sled
I recently added a big shelf for Grayskull that I ended up completely filling with overflow from my other shelves. Not sure how I'm going to display the castle...


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Mariana (Millais)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Mariana (painting))
Artist | John Everett Millais |
Year | 1851 |
Type | Oil on wood (mahogany) |
Dimensions | 59.7 cm × 49.5 cm (23.5 in × 19.5 in) |
Location | Tate |
Mariana is an 1851 oil-on-wood painting by John Everett Millais. The image is based on the solitary Mariana from William Shakespeare's Measure for Measure, written between 1601 and 1606. In the play, Mariana was to be married, but was rejected when her dowry was lost in a shipwreck. The painting is regarded as an example of Millais' "precision, attention to detail, and stellar ability as a colorist".[1]
When it was first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1851, the display caption contained lines from Tennyson's "Mariana" (1830):
She only said, 'My life is dreary,
He cometh not,' she said;
She said, 'I am aweary, aweary,'
I would that I were dead!'
Millais's Mariana, Smarthistory[3] |
- ^ King, Sally. ""Aweary" and Waiting: John Everett Millais's Mariana". English 156 / History of Art 152, Brown University, 2007. Retrieved on 21 October 2007.
- ^ Fowle, Frances (December 2000). "Sir John Everett Millais, Bt Mariana 1851". The Tate. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ "Millais's Mariana". Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
- Mariana 1851. Tate Gallery display caption, July 2007.
- "Millais: An Exhibition Organized by the Walker Art Gallery Liverpool and the Royal Academy of Arts London", January–April 1967. London: William Clowes and Sons, 1967.


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Click any word in a definition or example to find the entry for that word
What is the quality you most admire in others?
Do you possess the right personal qualities to be a teacher?
a woman with strong leadership qualities
This is the British English definition of quality. View American English definition of quality.
Change your default dictionary and thesaurus to American English.
an economic system based on the idea that different people or organizations share the creation and use of resources
BuzzWord ArticleBlog
A must for anyone with an interest in the changing face of language. The Macmillan Dictionary blog explores English as it is spoken around the world today.
global English and language change from our blog


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Catscratch--Mr. Blick ^^ Cartoons
Artist description:
I'm probably gonna start making Nickelodeon classics so...
It's Mr. Blick from Catscratch! > = <
Created Jul 30, 2008. Unless noted Copyright 2008
Mizuko .
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
cool i like this guy more than gordon or waffle, plus wayne knight has a funny voice. 10


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Home � NH Angle
Everybody talks about the weather, but it's not easy to predict
Consider the most famous American weather prognosticators, the Farmers' Almanac, published in Lewiston, Maine, and the Old Farmer's Almanac, produced in Dublin, N.H. The writers of these venerable books claim to use top-secret formulas, and followers of the New Hampshire version claim it is 80 percent accurate.
Seabrook allots police $25K from bequest to 'fight drugs'
Accused kidnapper released despite Vt.'s attempts to hold her
No child porn charge against ex-reporter accused of planting camera in bathroom
Officers charged with assault waive arraignments
Bin Laden kin agreed to speak for Al Qaeda while N.Y. burned, prosecutor says in opening statement
Dentist with NH practice charged with tax evasion
Officers involved in Greenland drug raid tragedy ask top court to reinstate lawsuit against cop killer's mom
15 NH businesses file for February bankruptcy
'Inside Edition' reports on Keene parking meter Robin Hoods
Police union greed trumping police chief concerns on casino bill
John Sununu: Obama weakens U.S. militarily, economically
Concord Monitor concerned weak president will mean cuts to government spending after midterm putsch
Judd Gregg: Some light at end of the tunnel
Concord Monitor says Merrimack County Republicans should embrace expansion of Medicaid handouts
Most Read
Most Comments
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The Atlantic: Is Dr. Ben Carson the answer for Republicans in 2016?
New England Corps of Engineers to continue operating at current levels
Shaheen introduces bill to increase federal spending on bridge repairs 50% with no new taxes
Salt Lake Tribune: NH to Utah: The first-in-the-nation primary is ours, back off
Inside the war room: Democrat apparatchiks gather intel on CPAC


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School Closings, Early Dismissals and DelaysLocal school closings, early dismissals and delays for Friday, January 25th. All CPCC Classes Cancelled for Saturday, January 26th. CLOSED: Ashe County Schools Avery County Schools Burke County Schools Watauga County Schools EARLY DISMISSALS: Alexander Couny Schools at 12 p.m. Anson County Schools-Elementary Closing at 8:30 a.m. and Secondary at 12:30 p.m. Caldwell County Schools-Closing at 8:30 a.m. Catawba County Schools-Closing at 8:45 a.m. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools - Two Hour Early Dismissal Cleveland County Schools - Closing at 10:30 a.m. Gaston County Schools - Closing at 10 a.m. Hickory Public Schools-Closing at 11:30 a.m. Iredell-Statesville Schools-Elementary Closing at 11 a.m. and Middle and High at 12 p.m. Kannapolis City Schools-Closing Three Hours Early Lancaster County Schools-Closing at 10:30 a.m. Lees-McRae College-Closing at 1 p.m. Lincoln County Schools-Closing at 10 a.m. Newton-Conover Schools-Closing at 11:30 a.m. Piedmont Community Charter School in Gastonia-Closing at 11:30 a.m. Queens University of Charlotte-Closing at 11 a.m. Rock Hill School District-Elementary Closing at 11:30 a.m. Grades 6-8 Closing at 12:45 p.m. and Grades 9-12 Closing at 12:30 p.m. Rowan Salisbury Schools - Closing Four Hours Early Stanly County Schools-Closing at 11:30 a.m. Union County Public Schools-Early Release Schedule (view HERE) University of North Carolina-Charlotte-Closing at 12:30 p.m. Wingate University-Closing at 3 p.m. Most Popular |
Most Popular |


text:
Files | Size | Format | View |
CurlettT.pdf | 3.310Mb | application/pdf |
Title: | Investigation of the Stabilization Parameters of the Stabilized Finite Element Formulations |
Author: | Curlett, Tracee Lee |
Advisor: | T. E. Tezduyar |
Degree: | Master of Science thesis |
Abstract: | The Team for Advanced Flow Simulation and Modeling at Rice University specializes in finite element computation of complex problems, relying on stabilized formulations such as the streamline-upwind/Petrov-Galerkin and pressure-stabilizing/PetrovGalerkin methods. These stabilization methods involve a stabilization parameter, T. Alternatives to the currently-used T definitions were provided in terms of element-level matrices and vectors. An extensive investigation of these stabilization parameters is performed with comparison to currently-used T definitions to determine their performance. Numerical data is reported to evaluate the behavior of these alternative stabilization parameters with changing element size, type, and distortion. This is accomplished through evaluation of the matrix-assembly outcome and test computations, with focus on boundary layer behavior. Test calculations are carried out in the context of a time-dependent advection-diffusion equation and the N avier-Stokes equations of incompressible flows, for both the semi-discrete formulation and the Deforming-Spatial-Domain/Stabilized Space-Time method. |
Citation: | Curlett, Tracee Lee. (2011) "Investigation of the Stabilization Parameters of the Stabilized Finite Element Formulations." Masters Thesis, Rice University. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/64412. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1911/64412 |
Date: | 2011 |


text:
Beach Limousines has been providing exceptional limousine service to clients from Montauk to Manhattan for over twenty years. We are the largest Hamptons based service and we aim to please. We provide limousines for all your business and personal needs. Call us for corporate service, airport transportation, weddings, parties and all special events. We'll get you there safely and in style.
Beach Limousines is backed by the SuperGuarantee® Program from Superpages.Planning to hire Beach Limousines?SuperGuarantee is a free consumer protection program from Superpages. Using a business backed by the SuperGurantee Program means you'll get the job done right. If you're not satisfied with the work. Superpages will help resolve the issue or pay up to $500.*
To protect yourself with SuperGuarantee, click on the shield to register the service before the work begins.
More SuperGuarantee® categories for this business:The person icon indicates that the reviewer is an employee of SuperMedia LLC. SuperMedia operates and sells advertising on Superpages.com. The views expressed in reviews are the opinion of each respective reviewer and do not necessarilly reflect the view of SuperMedia.
Jan 28, 2010
by Guest44360
Jan 28, 2010
Beach Limousines
PO Box 391,
Westhampton, NY 11977 USA 1-1 of 1 Results Search Nearby |


text:
- May 1, 2012
- 3:47 p.m.
- Suggest removal
- Reply to this post
paulintexas writes:
Doesn't Congress have to make treaties? Or is an "Agreement" an end-run around the process that is still legal?
- May 2, 2012
- 10:52 a.m.
- Suggest removal
- Reply to this post
paulintexas writes:
in response to townepark:
(This comment was removed by the site staff.)
OK. I read the article again. Still don't get your point. My education is a bit above middle school, but that is not material to my real question. I may be less educated about the constitution than you, but I really was wondering about the difference between a treaty and an agreement.
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Make Me A Supermodel
• Q&A With The Sexy Jonathan Waud Of 'Make Me A Supermodel'
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Tyson Beckford
Nicole Trunfio
Colin Steers
Salome Steinmann
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Summary:Fourteen of the country's most beautiful people - seven women and seven men - compete to launch their modeling career with $100,000 and an agency contract. Over a 12-week period, they live together in a Manhattan loft while undergoing a series of creative challenges designed to test their professional potential. Viewers vote to determine the outcom... Full Summary >>
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Logitech X-530 5.1 Surround Sound Speaker System with FDD2 Technology and Dynamic Real-Time Bass EQ
Deal or No Deal?
(1) thoughts from other users ...
Great price drop. We bought a surround sound system years ago. It's really cool to watch movies and get the full effect of the sound effects of the movies.
LindaKNor posted Jan 24, 2013


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Burberry SS13 Campaign Features 10-year-old Romeo Beckham - Ten-year-old Romeo Beckham, son of ex-Spice Girl Victoria Beckham and pro-soccer player David Beckham, has landed a spot as the star of Burberry's Spring/Summer 2013 campaign alongside Edie Campbell and Charlie France. The kid does a great job capturing your attention with his boyish horse play and his charming gap toothed smile.
Well done Burberry.
Children in Need "Pudsey Bear" 2012 Designer Initiative - Pudsey Bear is the official mascot for Children in Need, the BBC's corporate UK charity. This cute yellow, bandaged-bear has been the UK's favourite and most recognizable mascot for almost 32 years. This year, to help raise awareness for his cause, Pudsey has lent himself to over 30 designers and fashion houses in order to receive a few serious makeovers.
Kate Spade New York, Burberry, Gucci, Vogue, Balenciaga, Jonathan Saunders, Alexander McQueen, Tom Ford, Missoni, Pucci, Paul Smith, Victoria Beckham, DVF, and many many more have redesigned Pudsey and have readied him to be auctioned for his charity. The auction will take place on November 15th at Christie's Auction House in London, however, you can check out the collection first hand at Selfridges London and Manchester stores until the 14th.
All the proceed will go to helping improve the lives of disadvantaged children and young people across the UK.
Visit designerpudsey.co.uk to pick your favorites and be sure to watch the 2012 BBC Children in Need Appeal Night this Friday, November 16th.
Burberry Autumn/Winter 2012 Childrenswear Collection - Check out the new AW12 childrenswear range by Burberry. Once again, we are blown away by the selection of perfect kids pieces including this seasons lovely girls double breasted tweed jacket, the boys colour block coat and the cute animal print tees. Of course, the plaid billy boots are a Burberry classic and are always well-loved by kids. Visit uk.burberry.com to see more.
Burberry Childrenswear Spring/Summer 2012 - Burberry has created a series of short clips featuring some looks from their SS12 Childrenswear collection. Each video showcases a couple of key pieces from their line including many really nice jackets. The yellow trim on this boy's trench coat is epic! Check out burberry.com to see more videos.
Burberry Autumn/Winter 2011 Childrenswear Collection - Check out the new AW11 childrenswear line by Burberry. We love the rubber boots, the bright saffron yellow jackets, the dark blue Peacoat with the wooden toggles and of course the wonderful smiling faces of the kids in this campaign. Available soon at burberry.com