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Kurtis Blow
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Kurt Walker (born August 9, 1959), professionally known by his stage name Kurtis Blow, is an American rapper and record producer. In addition to his solo rap career, Blow has collaborated with The Fat Boys and Run DMC, and produced tracks for Lovebug Starski, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Full Force, Russell Simmons and Wyclef Jean. In 1979, at the age ... Continue Bio >>
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March 14, 2014
About This Deal
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Project by JNP | posted 674 days ago | 1644 views | 6 times favorited | 6 comments |
Just finished this as a birthday gift. The design caught my eye so I thought I'd give it a go. Haven't build anything from plans before so it was a good learning experience. The woods are birdseye maple and walnut. The vases are from Target (harder to find than I thought).
The magazine shows it with rocks and flowers, I am thinking the sticks w/scented oil or oil candles.
Sorry for the 2nd pic. It shows upright when I pull it up on the computer but not here…
-- Jeff
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6 comments so far
#1 posted 674 days ago |
Looks very sharp. What kind of finish did you use? |
#2 posted 674 days ago |
Nice job, I just put that magazine article/plans down 5 minutes ago, It nice to see what a great job you did on this. -- Martin ....always count the number of fingers you have before, and after using the saw. |
#3 posted 674 days ago |
Thanks for the nice comments :-) The finish is a BLO/Shellac blend. -- Jeff |
#4 posted 674 days ago |
It turned out great. I just got that issue of Wood also, and That is the project that caught my wife's eye I need to make my sister a birthday gift….trying to imaging how pissed my wife would get if she see's me making it, then it "disappears" to the UPS office? If you don't mind, what did the glass vases cost? I know they should be available at Hobby Lobby/Michaels etc. Just wondering about retail price to get them. -- "_If we did all the things we are capable of doing, we would literally astonish ourselves_." Edison |
#5 posted 674 days ago |
Well I don't know your wife but I think you better make two! Just sayin' :-) I originally purchased some vases at Michael's that bowed out in the middle but then I could only friction fit one side of the retainer planks, or make the top holes as wide as the widest part of the vase so they could come out for cleaning and I didn't like those options. I bought the originals at Michael's for $2.99 but they didn't have the straight side ones. Target came through at only $2.00 each. -- Jeff |
#6 posted 674 days ago |
I to have just read the Wood magazine article. Yours likes just like the original. I will have to put it on the to do list. -- Flaws are only in the eye of the artisan! |
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Trading Profiles and Developing Country Participation in the WTO Dispute Settlement System
It has been alleged since its inception that the WTO Dispute Settlement (DS) mechanism is biased against developing countries, as manifested in e.g. allegedly too low rates of dispute initiation. To shed light on this issue, this study analyses the determinants of developing country participation in the DS system, using bilateral industry-level trade data, and a data set on dispute initiation that is significantly richer than what has been employed in the literature. But the study also points to a number of fundamental conceptual and data problems that beset the whole empirical literature that seeks to draw policy conclusions based on country participation in the DS system. While perhaps appreciated by researchers working in this area, these problems appear to go unnoticed by practitioners drawing on this literature.Download Info
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.Bibliographic Info
Paper provided by Research Institute of Industrial Economics in its series Working Paper Series with number 730.Length: 75 pages
Date of creation: 31 Jan 2008
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:0730
Contact details of provider:
Postal: Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Box 55665, SE-102 15 Stockholm, Sweden
Phone: +46 8 665 4500
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Keywords: WTO; Dispute Settlement; Developing Countries; Dispute Initiation;Find related papers by JEL classification:
- F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
- F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
- O19 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ALL-2008-02-09 (All new papers)
- NEP-INT-2008-02-09 (International Trade)
References listed on IDEASPlease report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Bruce A. Blonigen & Chad P. Bown, 2001.
"Antidumping and Retaliation Threats,"
NBER Working Papers
8576, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Blonigen, Bruce A. & Bown, Chad P., 2003. "Antidumping and retaliation threats," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(2), pages 249-273, August.
- Hoekman , Bernard & Horn, Henrik & Mavroidis, Petros C., 2008. "Winners and Losers in the Panel Stage of the WTO Dispute Settlement System," Working Paper Series 769, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
- Earl L. Grinols & Roberto Perrelli, 2006. "The WTO Impact on International Trade Disputes: An Event History Analysis," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 88(4), pages 613-624, November.
- Guzman, Andrew, 2003. "The Political Economy of Litigation and Settlement at the WTO," Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics, Working Paper Series qt4wr4j18z, Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics.
- Joseph Francois & Bernard Hoekman & Miriam Manchin, 2006.
"Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization,"
World Bank Economic Review,
World Bank Group, vol. 20(2), pages 197-216.
- Joseph Francois & B. Hoekman & M. Manchin, 2005. "Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization," The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp87, IIIS.
- Francois, Joseph & Hoekman, Bernard & Manchin, Miriam, 2005. "Preference erosion and multilateral trade liberalization," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3730, The World Bank.
- Francois, Joseph & Hoekman, Bernard & Manchin, Miriam, 2005. "Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization," CEPR Discussion Papers 5153, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- J. Francois & B. Hoekman & M. Manchin, 2005. "Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 05-073/2, Tinbergen Institute.
- Monika BÜTLER & Heinz HAUSER, 2000.
"The WTO Dispute Settlement System : A First Assessment from an Economic Perspective,"
Cahiers de Recherches Economiques du Département d'Econométrie et d'Economie politique (DEEP)
00.02, Université de Lausanne, Faculté des HEC, DEEP.
- Butler, Monika & Hauser, Heinz, 2000. "The WTO Dispute Settlement System: First Assessment from an Economic Perspective," Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 503-33, October.
- Butler, M. & Hauser, H., 2000. "The WTO Dispute Settlement System: A First Assessment from an Economic Perspective," Discussion Paper 2000-21, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
- Horn, Henrik & Mavroidis, Petros C & Nordström, Håkan, 1999. "Is The Use Of The WTO Dispute Settlement System Biased?," CEPR Discussion Papers 2340, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Chad P. Bown, 2004. "On the Economic Success of GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 86(3), pages 811-823, August.
- Chad P. Bown, 2005. "Participation in," World Bank Economic Review, World Bank Group, vol. 19(2), pages 287-310.
- Chad P . Bown, 2002. "The Economics of Trade Disputes, the GATT's Article XXIII, and the WTO's Dispute Settlement Understanding," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(3), pages 283-323, November.
- Chad P. Bown, 2004. "Developing Countries as Plaintiffs and Defendants in GATT/WTO Trade Disputes," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(1), pages 59-80, 01.
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Scientific research and technology development do not develop in a vacuum. They are shaped by contextual factors, such as institutional and funding patterns and social values. Although these factors are discussed generally in this section of the report, they would affect the three fields of focus in this report somewhat differently. Each field has a distinctive organizational pattern, a different emphasis on science and technology development, and a different mode of operation. The biomedical field, for example, has a substantial university component and is driven the most by basic research. The computer and information technology field, on the other hand, consists mostly of small firms and is largely technology driven. Materials occupies the middle ground. The work is more likely to be carried on by large and established firms, and there is more of a balance between basic research and hands-on technological effort.
The R&D enterprise in the United States is carried out as a public-private partnership, with roles for each sector in funding the effort and in carrying out the actual work. The system has evolved since the end of World War II, and not only does the committee expect it to continue to do so, but there are indications that the rate of change will accelerate as a result of significant changes in the environment for R&D. Federal funding of curiosity-driven research is under pressure, changes in corporate structure and the emergence of new industries are giving rise to changes in the organization of industrial research, patterns of private investment in R&D are changing, the globalization of R&D is giving rise to new competitive pressures, universities are becoming more entrepreneurial, and the career choices
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Future R&D Environments: A Report for the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Contextual Factors
Scientific research and technology development do not develop in a vacuum. They are shaped by contextual factors, such as institutional and funding patterns and social values. Although these factors are discussed generally in this section of the report, they would affect the three fields of focus in this report somewhat differently. Each field has a distinctive organizational pattern, a different emphasis on science and technology development, and a different mode of operation. The biomedical field, for example, has a substantial university component and is driven the most by basic research. The computer and information technology field, on the other hand, consists mostly of small firms and is largely technology driven. Materials occupies the middle ground. The work is more likely to be carried on by large and established firms, and there is more of a balance between basic research and hands-on technological effort.
The R&D enterprise in the United States is carried out as a public-private partnership, with roles for each sector in funding the effort and in carrying out the actual work. The system has evolved since the end of World War II, and not only does the committee expect it to continue to do so, but there are indications that the rate of change will accelerate as a result of significant changes in the environment for R&D. Federal funding of curiosity-driven research is under pressure, changes in corporate structure and the emergence of new industries are giving rise to changes in the organization of industrial research, patterns of private investment in R&D are changing, the globalization of R&D is giving rise to new competitive pressures, universities are becoming more entrepreneurial, and the career choices
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of undergraduate and graduate students are changing (there is less interest in science and technology careers, and among those who do go into science or engineering, there is more interest in jobs outside academia). In this chapter of the report, the committee addresses what it believes will be among the most salient elements in shaping the environment over the next several years for science and technology in the United States.
A useful starting point is a brief summary of what the system looks like today and how it evolved. The R&D enterprise in the United States had grown to an estimated $265 billion a year in 2000 from a starting level of less than $5 billion a year in the years shortly after World War II.1 Until 1980, federal funding exceeded industrial funding, but by 2000, industry accounted for 68 percent of R&D expenditures and carried out 75 percent of the work, measured in dollars spent. Most of those expenditures, however, could be categorized as development; basic research comprises only 18 percent of the total spent nationally on R&D and the patterns of funding for and performance of basic research were and continue to be entirely different from those of development.2
Federal support of R&D is provided by a number of agencies. Much of the funding, especially for applied research and development, is provided by the mission agencies that are users of the results, for example, the Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Some, including the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health, conduct or support research for its own sake, including basic long-range research, although funding is generally predicated on the historical contributions of research to national well-being. Some R&D agencies exist to support the private sector, such as the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service in the Department of Agriculture and NIST in the Department of Commerce. NIST not only supports technology development, it is also responsible for metrology, the science of weights and measures, which underlies the development of technical standards relied on by industry.
In 2000, the federal government provided 49 percent of the funding for basic research, industry contributed 34 percent, and another 18 percent was provided by the universities, other nonprofits, and nonfederal governments. Although the federal government was the largest funder of basic research, it was not the largest performer. Universities and university-based federally funded R&D centers (FFRDCs) carried out 49 percent of all basic research in the United States in
Research and development data in this and the following paragraph are from National Science Foundation, National Patterns of R&D Resources: 2000 Data Update. NSF 01-309. Arlington, Va.: National Science Foundation, 2001.
The categorization of R&D expenditures into basic research, applied research, and development has a certain element of arbitrariness and has been the subject of much discussion. Therefore, these figures should be treated as no more than approximate.
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2000, industry and industry FFRDCs 34 percent, nonprofit research institutions and nonprofit FFRDCs 10 percent, and federal laboratories about 7 percent.3
Basic research activity is far from uniform across the more than 3000 post-secondary institutions in the United States. Most university basic research is carried out at just 60 universities, both public and private.4 Industry provides 8 percent of funding for academic basic research, a level that changed very little in the last decade. In contrast, the federal government provided about 58 percent of the funding for academic basic research during the last 10 years (the rest is funded by the universities themselves and other nonprofits). Thus, research universities continue to rely very heavily on the federal government.
There have been clear trends in recent years in the research fields supported by the federal government.5 In the mid-1990s, expenditures on nondefense R&D moved ahead of defense expenditures for the first time. That trend has continued, at least until now. Spending on health dominates, accounting for almost half of the federal nondefense research budget. Health research has also shown by far the fastest growth, compared with other fields of research, which as a group have had nearly flat appropriations in recent years, as measured in constant dollars. Nonhealth research increased by less than 0.6 percent from 1993 to 1999, while health research increased by 28 percent, in constant dollars. Federal funding of math and computer sciences increased by 45 percent, but funding of the physical sciences was 18 percent less in 1999 than in 1993. Several fields of engineering also received less. A recent study of these trends by the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) of the National Research Council (from which the data in this paragraph were taken) concluded that there is cause for concern about reduced federal funding of most of the physical sciences and engineering, because it is being driven by changes in the mission of individual departments, especially the Department of Defense, not from a systematic analysis of national needs and priorities. STEP recommended that the White House Office of Science and Technology and the Office of Management and Budget lead an
NSF, National Patterns of R&D Resources: 2000 Data Update, Tables 2A, 2B, NSF 01-309, at <http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/nsf01309/start.htm>.
The survey of academic R&D does not break out basic research. This statement is based on the fact that in 2000, 60 universities accounted for nearly two-thirds of the funding for academic R&D and the assumption that basic research funding is probably even more concentrated than funding for academic applied research and development (NSF, Academic Research and Development Expenditures: Fiscal Year 2000 [Early Release Tables], NSF 02-402, Table B-32, at <http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/srs02402/start.htm#rd4>).
An analysis of shifting emphasis in the federal funding of major fields of research and the implications is provided in National Research Council, Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, Trends in Federal Support of Research and Graduate Education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2001.
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evaluation of the federal research portfolio to ensure that research related to industrial performance and other national priorities is adequately supported.6
Finally, it should be noted that the past couple of decades have seen a sea change in industrial laboratories, which, as noted below, appears likely to continue. Many of the great industrial central laboratories—Bell Labs, GE, Exxon, to name just a few—have been significantly downsized, or have reoriented their research to shorter-term goals, or both. There have also been changes in university laboratories, or at least in the strategies of universities, following the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, which allowed universities to acquire intellectual property rights on products and processes even if they were developed with government funding.
Given the present state of affairs and the trends evident at the moment, the question is what the effect will be on research and development activities in the next 10 years. The following sections address that question.
To comprehend the likely changes in the organization of research in the next decade, it is necessary to sort through the trends in the levels of public and private support for R&D as well as the kinds of R&D that public and private entities are likely to provide. As corporate research centers continue to decline because of mergers or pressure to maximize short-term profits, even more basic research will have to shift to universities. Since there is nothing in recent trends to indicate that industry will increase its support for university research to a substantial amount (despite a few well-publicized individual university-industry linkages), it is likely that the government will remain the principal source of funds.7
There are some serious challenges and uncertainties in this respect. Although federal funding for research has been growing, the growth has been far from uniform across the various fields of science. Biomedical science support has grown substantially, which will probably continue, but other areas have not fared as well. Since the thesis of this committee is that exploiting synergies between fields is especially important in achieving scientific progress, success in the next decade is likely to depend on either redressing the imbalances in funding or changing the approach to research support within specific agencies. In regard to the latter option, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is particularly important. As was pointed out in Chapter 2, there are enormous opportunities to advance the
National Research Council, Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, Trends in Federal Support of Research and Graduate Education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2001.
Industry provided 6.8 percent of university R&D funding in the early 1990s and about 7.2 percent in the late 1990s (National Science Foundation, Academic Research and Development Expenditures:Fiscal Year 2000 [Early Release Tables], NSF 02-702. Arlington, Va.: NSF, 2001).
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biomedical sciences, but both materials science and information technology are key to many of those advances. Although NIH is clearly the main source of federal support for research in the biomedical sciences (88 percent in 1999),8 the organization of its institutes around specific diseases and its general expectation that research questions will be structured around specific hypotheses about the cure of those diseases make it difficult to pursue the kind of multidisciplinary research described earlier, which tends to be structured around questions of physicochemical mechanisms, new approaches to virtual experimentation, or device and instrument development. The institute structure also fragments research on cross-cutting problems such as medical error, nutrition, and risky behavior.
A second source of uncertainty about how the federal research support system will function in the next decade is the sporadic but continuing debate in Congress over the value of establishing explicit goals for research or expected outcomes from it. For the past several years, the idea that the best guarantee of progress in science and technology is to support curiosity-driven research has been questioned by a number of people in Congress, including some of the strongest supporters of science. The argument is that the high cost of research requires that investments be guided by clear goals, which may range from pursuing areas deemed ripe for progress to identifying social needs and encouraging focused efforts to meet those needs, and progress toward those goals should be assessed on a regular basis.
In fact, much federally supported research has always been in specific areas of national need, notably national defense and health. Since the end of the Cold War, at least until September 11, there has been more emphasis on R&D to support national economic innovation, in which—superficially, at least—the notion that progress can be measured seems possible. It seems likely, therefore, that an increasing fraction of research, particularly when it is multidisciplinary, will at least be described in terms of and possibly subsumed in goal-oriented projects. At the same time, history shows that important advances often come from discovery- rather than goal-oriented research. Given the uncertainty of research, a healthy research portfolio will be diversified among mechanisms as well as among fields. In this regard, the National Nanoscale Initiative of the National Science Foundation (NSF) may be a harbinger of things to come. One benefit of a goal-oriented approach is that it tends to encourage multidisciplinary efforts, which have always faced difficulties in the academic world, but it will be a challenge to ensure that high-risk, long-term, or open-ended research efforts are not seriously impeded.
The interest of universities in creating intellectual property and the growing attractiveness of entrepreneurship with its financial rewards for both faculty and
NSF, Federal Funds for Research and Development: Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001, NSF 01-328. Arlington, Va.: NSF, 2001, Table C-34.
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graduate students are also likely to continue. Although these are not entirely antithetical to long-term basic research—for example, the development of new instruments or new synthesis methods often occurs in the context of an ongoing research program with more fundamental goals—there is likely to be some shift in university research from long-term basic research programs to programs focused on short-term results.
Although there are some downsides to this shift, it is also likely to bolster cooperative efforts between U.S. universities and industry, creating more opportunities for technology transfer and cross-fertilization, mirroring relationships that have heretofore been more prevalent in Europe and Japan. We can certainly expect to see a continuing increase in industrial licensing of university-developed intellectual property. Industry will look to universities for students trained in the skills sets they need, and it will have professors serve as consultants or actually work on research projects. More professors will take sabbaticals to work in industry, and an increasing proportion of graduate students will spend time as interns.
The intensified interactions will require rules and guidelines related to conflict of interest and ownership of intellectual property, but there are already signs that the growing relationships between U.S. universities and industry are helping all parties to sort through those issues and to develop acceptable approaches. For example, it is now commonplace for research universities to have formal and comprehensive policies on conflict of interest, along with standing committees to monitor compliance. Although it would be premature to say that all of these issues have been resolved, it appears to this committee that the learning curve will continue and, although concerns will not entirely disappear, relatively standardized patterns and protocols for these university-industry relationships will soon be in place.
We can expect that government agencies and programs will promote and support cooperative efforts involving a number of corporations and universities in high-risk, high-reward research with specific goals. These programs will often encourage or even require multidepartmental or multidisciplinary collaborations within a university. A typical example is the Multidisciplinary Research Program of the Department of Defense's University Research Initiative. The program specifies areas of interest (for FY 2002, for example, it lists 19 research areas, including integrated nanosensors, membranes based on active molecular transport mechanisms, fuel cells, and the behavior of scaled-up information networks), requires the involvement of researchers from more than one discipline, encourages multiuniversity collaboration, and makes clear that successful applications will have to either involve joint university-industry research or provide in some other way for transferring technology to the private sector.
Research will not only be more multidisciplinary, it will be larger in scale. This has implications for the relative roles of academic and industrial research and the need to coordinate them. The types of large-scale analysis available
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through gene chips, sequencing of the genome, and proteomics are more amenable to the high-throughput, technician-intensive work of industrial laboratories than to small research laboratories in universities. An example might be the identification of all the kinases, phosphatases, and other enzymes in cells.9 Industrial research, however, is proprietary and the results not always published, which raises the prospect of duplication of research efforts by government-funded investigators in universities. This increases the need for government and industry to coordinate the parts of big science projects.
We can also expect, in this next decade, to see significant changes in the organization of industrial research itself. The general trend to downsizing or eliminating central research laboratories and decentralizing research units to product divisions was noted above. As a result, industrial research facilities are likely to be more geographically dispersed and culturally diversified, reflecting the growing global reach of investments. The tendency to have laboratories in multiple locations is likely to continue, driven not only by the desire to capitalize on the diversity of skills and creative thinking in different parts of the world, but also by the need to respond to political pressures that tie market entry in a country to a research presence there as well as by market pressures to tailor technologies for individual countries.
Furthermore, as economic opportunities improve in developing countries (some of them are aggressively building up their educational and scientific research capacities), individual researchers will be less willing to emigrate from them. More companies will have research facilities overseas to capture this talent, which will result in even more cultural diversity within companies and a less U.S.-centric view of technology development or, put more positively, greater ability to develop technology systems and products for foreign markets. Communication infrastructure will facilitate more efficient operation of multiple sites and increase opportunities for employees to perform physical experimentation remotely, providing nearly universal access to expensive physical facilities. Research universities are likely to react to this globalization of research facilities and activities by establishing their own global centers of excellence, as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology did when it set up Media Lab facilities in India and Europe.
Companies are likely to become increasingly willing to outsource research or to pool resources with other companies to take on long-term and very large or risky projects to the extent permitted by antitrust regulations. The outsourcing may be to universities or to for-profit research organizations like Battelle, SAIC, or Sarnoff. Pooling of resources can take the form of participation in government- or industry-sponsored research consortia or research centers like Rockwell
Enzymes are proteins that speed chemical reactions in the body. Kinases, for example, catalyze the transfer of phosphate from one molecule to another; phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of monoesters of phosphoric acid.
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Scientific and HRL Laboratories, which are jointly owned by several companies. These strategies can reduce cost, increase efficiency, and shorten time to market.
Companies will also resort, more and more, to creative ways to outsource product development. Acquisition of start-up companies is one way to outsource development and to leverage existing manufacturing and market infrastructure without directly affecting earnings. Venture capital investment in start-up companies, which fosters multiple sources of technology innovation by offering an economic incentive, is an effective way to shorten product development time. In turn, acquisition of start-up companies can improve quarterly profit-and-loss reporting by shifting R&D expenditures into good will. The development of company-owned technologies may also be outsourced in cooperation with venture capitalists, spinning off some technologies for further development by the satellite company or spinning in the developed technology at an appropriate point. The aim will be to match the risk profile of the project and the investment strategies of the company and the venture capitalists. To develop complex and large projects, industry will seek the capabilities of the national laboratories of the Department of Energy. The Intel-led extreme ultraviolet lithography project in cooperation with three national laboratories is an example.
Aside from these broad changes, the field of biotechnology is generating some specific changes of its own, driven by the highly rigorous regulatory environment in which those companies must operate and their deep dependence on strong intellectual property positions. Commercial R&D directed at exploiting genomics for new diagnostics and drug discovery took hold predominantly in smaller or new businesses rather than in large existing pharmaceutical companies. Business models based on near-term development and production of diagnostics were by and large not successful. This created a fertile field for partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions. The entrance of large companies, such as Motorola, Corning, and Agilent, was inevitable, both because of their ability to market and because they possessed cutting-edge technologies relevant to the next generation of chips (e.g., Samsung and chip manufacture and Corning and chip substrates). Currently, almost every kind of relationship exists: partnerships between small and large companies and also between large companies. Superimposed on this dynamic is a large resource drain in the form of a web of legal battles over patents, together with uncertainty surrounding the ultimate resolution of questions about what is patentable in this field.
Finally, industry associations are playing, and will continue to play, an increasingly important role in guiding the direction of R&D by developing industrywide roadmaps modeled after the successful example of the semiconductor industry. The Optoelectronics Industry Development Association is one such association. The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers also continues to play a critical role in the development of industry standards, and even in the codification of de facto standards where technology is moving faster than standards bodies.
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The restructuring of research in the next decade will have ramifications for the scientific and technical workforce and will be affected by a number of changes in that workforce. Education, motivation, and work habits are all likely to be noticeably different in the next decade from the past few decades. Broadly speaking, we will see growing opportunities for scientific or technical entrepreneurship and an increasing need for breadth in the technical workforce—multidisciplinary training within the technical fields and broader training in the management of the technical enterprise.
For example, technical entrepreneurship will continue to flourish as more technical people either form or join start-up companies. And because of the impact of technology on almost every business, there may be more CEOs with technical training. Their success stories would increase the social status of engineers, which would draw more students to technical fields. There is likely to be more interplay between business and engineering schools to encourage entrepreneurship. A student with a technical degree will probably have some familiarity with entrepreneurship, business, and management when he or she graduates and will want to join a company that can provide exposure to business practices rather than take up pure research in academia.
Furthermore, there will be greater pressure to make financial rewards for technical people commensurate with the economic value they create. The reward systems in government laboratories, universities, large corporations, and start-up companies operate under different constraints. To attract and retain star performers, they will need to find ways to provide sufficient compensation, which could make it difficult for organizations that have rigid pay scales to compete for top technical talent. The committee believes that the recent cataclysmic decline of some high-tech sectors is likely to be a temporary situation and that the private sector will continue to be a very strong competitor for talent because of its ability to offer significant financial rewards for scientists in hot fields. Government laboratories are caught in the middle of the bidding war for talent, able to offer neither the financial opportunity of the private sector nor the freedom of the academic environment.
Technical workforce mobility will continue to increase owing to the speed of technology obsolescence and economic cycles. Although individually disruptive, the net result of such cycles is positive because they lead to technology migration and cross-fertilization of know-how. This mobility is being recognized as a major competitive advantage for the United States and is likely to become more widely accepted.
The industrial system will also require new, or at least a greater range of, skills in its technical workforce. For example, shorter time to market is an important competitive advantage. To achieve it, industry will need technical people who are able to manage projects from idea conception to product launch in a
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concurrent, coordinated fashion. Engineers will have to have managerial skills as well as a clear understanding of all aspects of product engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and intellectual property strategy. Continuing education will become a way of life for engineers to maintain versatility and remain competitive in the job market.
There is an increasing awareness of the shortage of workers with basic technical skills, especially in sectors with rapid business growth. The optics and photonics industry, for example, had and still has an acute shortage of mechanical and optics engineers and optics technicians. Companies have reacted by hiring mechanical and manufacturing engineers from the disk drive industry and trained their own technicians. This speaks to the need for an agile workforce that can be easily deployed in new areas.
The multidisciplinary nature of many of the new technical developments, particularly in the physical and biological sciences, will require that scientists and engineers learn to bridge the communications gap between different disciplines, each with its own vocabulary, jargon, and acronyms. Would-be biological scientists will see substantial shifts in the undergraduate curriculum, with more grounding in mathematics and physics than is now the case. Physical scientists and engineers will need to study biology, a trend we are already seeing, particularly in engineering curricula. For example, at the California Institute of Technology biology is a required course for all students.
Clearly, these new needs will put pressure on universities. While it is unlikely that the traditional departmental structure will change, past practice, particularly in the technical fields, of filling students' programs with required courses in their major will have to give way to new practices, giving students greater latitude and encouraging them to select courses in other departments. This transition may be eased by the increasing need in research for interdepartmental cooperation to be successful in attracting the new kinds of grant funding from either government (the Department of Defense Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative and the NSF National Nanoscale Initiative are examples mentioned earlier) or industry.
Although the fraction of foreign students in U.S. graduate programs in science and engineering has declined during the past few years, non-U.S. citizens on temporary visas continue to make up a high percentage of graduate students and Ph.D.'s. Generally, this appears to be more beneficial than not for the United States. Without this abundant supply of talent, our research universities and technical industry would see dramatic decreases in their global competitiveness. Even those who return to their homeland can enhance our sphere of influence and remain a resource for the United States. Changes, therefore, in public policy on the immigration of foreign science and engineering students to the United States could significantly affect the human resources aspect of the national innovation system.
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Several factors mentioned in preceding sections of this report are reflected in and reinforced by the patterns of investment we can expect to see in the next decade. The desire of large corporations to outsource technological development, coupled with the availability of venture capital and the increasing popularity of technical entrepreneurship, suggests that the proliferation of small start-up companies will continue. This has the significant advantage of creating many parallel points of technology development, which will speed up the technologyto-value-creation process. While there will be many fewer winners than losers, more wealth will be created than lost.
While the proliferation of start-up companies may deplete the technical talent available for basic research, successful technical entrepreneurs can have a major impact on our technology-driven economy. Besides turning technology into businesses, some successful technical entrepreneurs become serial entrepreneurs, starting other companies or investing their profits in other start-ups. Many retain their connection to academia, either returning to universities or making substantial gifts to them. This virtuous cycle is already presaged by the huge private foundations of Gates, Packard, and other early high-tech entrepreneurs similar to those of Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford before them.
Investments in long-term R&D by public companies will continue to be negatively affected by the need to achieve short-term financial goals. Companies have always had disincentives to invest in long-term basic research, especially the possibility that competitors could profit from any advances, but the pressure for companies to increase earnings on a quarterly basis has increased the pressure to invest in short-term applied research and development. Central research laboratories that perform basic research and develop infrastructure technology but do not produce short-term, direct financial benefits will probably continue to decline. This leaves gaps in three places: (1) long-term basic research, (2) capitalintensive applied R&D with a long time to return, and (3) critical infrastructure development.
It would be easy to suggest that these gaps must be filled by government funding; indeed, to a great extent that is likely to happen. However, there are complications that will need to be resolved, and the outcome is not clear at this point. First, the eagerness on the part of government, universities, and industry to promote the earliest possible application and commercialization of new science, coupled with what has been a steady natural compression of the elapsed time between fundamental investigations and marketable innovation, has made it difficult to distinguish the kinds of R&D projects that are the appropriate responsibility of government from the kinds that should be supported by the private sector. The growth of government-funded precompetitive consortia, of targeted or highly goal-oriented multiple-institution R&D programs, and of high-risk, high-payoff critical technologies suggests a widening rather than a narrowing of the definition
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of what is appropriate for government funding. Assuring U.S. success in an era of global technological competition is clearly a factor in this trend.
On the other hand, there have been and will continue to be backlashes. Because these programs are often viewed as helping corporations, there have been very public and often politicized discussions about what constitutes an "American" corporation, making it eligible to participate in these programs, in a world in which multinational corporations are the dominant players. A danger is that excessive restrictions on who can participate in these public programs may actually narrow the group to the point where the approach loses its advantage and the investment is diminished in value.
A second possible backlash, potentially more serious, is that blending the goals of fundamental research with those of technological innovation could offset the tendency of scientists to self-organize for more international cooperation in basic research. If Congress and the public think that a competitive advantage in technology and its application is the same as a competitive advantage in the underlying basic sciences, they may come to believe it is better to compete than to cooperate in basic science. This would not only decrease the cost-effectiveness of global investments in basic research but would also present a major problem for "big science." Projects in astronomy, astrophysics, and high-energy physics, for example, require more rather than less international cooperation to fund equipment and facilities, and pressures to close avenues of international cooperation in R&D might well be a problem in these areas. Indeed, one of the challenges in the next decade will be to develop new and more effective institutional approaches to long-term, multinational funding of research projects.
A third concern continues to affect the public reaction to government funding of programs that blur the distinction between basic research and application—namely, concern about "corporate welfare" or the appropriateness of government intervention in areas where the market should determine winners and losers. The perennial debate over the appropriateness and effectiveness of the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program illustrates the problem well.10
A fourth concern is that the increasing emphasis on technological innovation, with its focus on short-term goals, will drive out funding for basic research, which is long-term and not focused on practical goals. The perennial efforts to maintain the basic and applied research parts of the defense R&D budget (the socalled 6.1 and 6.2 accounts) distinct from its development parts illustrate this problem.
The second gap area mentioned above—capital-intensive applied R&D—
For an overview of the issues, see the recent report of a symposium on the Advanced Technology Program: National Research Council, Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, TheAdvanced Technology Program: Challenges and Opportunities. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999.
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appears likely to start at least one trend that runs counter to the proliferation of small start-up companies competing to produce new technologies. Consolidations in the aircraft industry and defense contracting exemplify a countertrend driven by capital constraints. In the information technology area, we may see a similar phenomenon. The huge difference between the investment needed to be a player in the silicon arena versus that needed in the optical communications arena may one day become an important factor. Costs for a new silicon plant are now so large that it will be increasingly difficult for more than one player to be active, whereas the optical arena may stay highly competitive.
The third gap mentioned above is the need for critical infrastructure. Here the role of government is clear and likely to grow in importance. Advances in metrology and the development of technical standards are critical infrastructure capabilities that must be in place to facilitate the efficient incorporation of innovations into the economy, whether the innovations are in the biological or physical sciences. The need for such infrastructure is even greater when the innovations come from small companies, which do not have the resources large corporations have to fund large research facilities and sophisticated equipment.
The focus on short-term financial goals might be offset in part by new corporate approaches to analyzing R&D investments, such as real options methods. The justification for investment in R&D, including basic research, might be increased by new methods of allocating internal investment within firms that take more account of the role of R&D investment in corporate innovation.
There is every indication that the United States will continue to recognize entrepreneurship as a competitive advantage for the country and will continue to promote it. It is likely, moreover, that the federal government will continue to encourage investment through tax policy—for example, tax credits for R&D, R&D partnerships, and preferential capital gains tax.
Although the United States has generally been sensitive to business interests in the area of regulation, changes in industrial organization, the global character of the economy, and rapidly emerging technologies will present a number of new challenges for the regulatory system. We are already facing some major questions related to antitrust regulation, illustrated by the government's prosecution of Microsoft for violation of antitrust statutes and the United States-European Union controversy over the proposed GE-Honeywell merger.
The Microsoft case arose because the usefulness (and, consequently, the economic value) of networked systems strongly depends on the number of connected nodes in the network (the usefulness is approximately proportional to the square of the number of nodes). When competition reduces the number of nodes, or users, of a particular system, it also decreases the value of the system. As a result, some economists now argue that the public interest would be best protected by a
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sequence of temporary monopolies rather than by a forced sharing of the market at every moment. Therefore, there is likely to be pressure in the coming years to design antitrust regulations that prevent the long-term perpetuation of information network monopolies rather than regulations that prevent their formation altogether.
The GE-Honeywell attempted merger raised another issue—the difference in views in the United States and the European Union over whether mergers that allow horizontal integration across business or technology sectors violate antitrust principles by providing the merged entity with the ability to gain excessive market share within one or more of the individual sectors of which it is comprised (which was the position of the European Union). In view of the global trend to mergers and acquisitions, discussed in an earlier section, the ultimate resolution of this issue will have a significant effect on the strategy of multinationals in the next decade.
Still another important regulatory issue has been introduced by the growth of the medical technology industry, including biotechnology, tissue engineering, and medical devices. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has had responsibility for assuring the safety and effectiveness of medical devices since the mid-1970s, most observers would argue that the regulatory procedures and institutional organization have not evolved adequately from the days in which the FDA's responsibility was almost entirely restricted to drug assessments. Since the development of medical devices follows an entirely different path from that of drugs, the medical devices industry needs very different assessment procedures, more room for design iteration, closer attention to systems issues, and different measures of performance.
The next decade is likely to further complicate the matter of regulation as the new technologies mature. For example, a hybrid pancreas that consists of a polymer matrix protecting and supporting cultured human beta cells that produce insulin for the control of sugar level is presently viewed by the FDA as a device, a biologic, and a drug, each of which is subject to regulation by a separate division of the agency under different protocols. If the United States is to be able to take advantage of the rapid, multidisciplinary innovation that is bound to occur during the next decade, there will be great pressure to develop a regulatory system that can evolve as quickly as the technologies it is charged with evaluating. One likely development is the evolution of the present system, in which medical devices are categorized as either "experimental" or "clinical," into a system that recognizes a continuum of development from prototype to mature technology.
Medical devices are one area in which the nation's regulatory procedures play an important role in determining its competitiveness. Medical technology companies have been moving a substantial fraction of their R&D to Europe because they view European device regulation as more rational and efficient and more conducive to technological innovation. On the other hand, more accommo-
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dating systems for regulating genetically modified organisms has kept the United States in the lead in this area.
Intellectual property law, in both copyrights and patents, is another area in which technological advances are straining the system. Here, the choices made during the next decade will have a strong influence on U.S. competitiveness. For example, the new opportunities that computers and communication technologies offer for adding value to public data and information by reorganizing them and mining them are giving rise to an explosion of copyrighted databases. The government will face pressures to cut back on its efforts to refine raw data, exploiting the same technologies to make the data easier to use, and it may even be less aggressive or less accommodating in making raw data easily available, in order to avoid competing with the private sector. In the long run, this could work against the interests of small companies, which are less able to absorb the costs of accessing the information they need.
A related issue, whose resolution during the next decade will have an influence on scientific research, concerns the doctrine of fair use—the allowable, free copying of copyrighted information for a set of specifically designated purposes. In the past, fair use represented a compromise in which the owners of copyrighted information, recognizing the practical limitations on their ability to monitor limited copying and the relatively insignificant consequences of such copying, accommodated the needs of scholars and some others. With the advent of new information and communication technologies, monitoring has become practical and copying more problematical because of the ease with which enormous numbers of copies can be made and distributed. As a result, there has been great international pressure (through the World Intellectual Property Organization) to severely reduce fair use. The concern, expressed by a number of scientific and professional organizations in the United States particularly, is that this would limit the exchange and use of scientific data. More work is needed in the public policy arena to find a resolution to this issue that preserves the openness of communication in science, a vital aspect of scientific progress.
The tensions between the openness of science and the need to protect intellectual property in order to encourage innovation also reach into the area of patents, especially in biotechnology. The patenting of genes and even DNA sequences is clearly an unresolved issue, with the United States and the European Union diverging in their positions. The U.S. Patent Office has been fairly open to the patenting of genes, even where specific gene function has not yet been established. In fact, it has allowed patentees to make claims to future discoveries of gene function. Some have argued that this creates a useful incentive to companies to move aggressively to sequence genes, but to many the more likely effect is to create a disincentive to investigators to pursue other applications of a particular gene as the several proteins it expresses are discovered and understood.
Current U.S. patent and copyright laws may inhibit the development of new businesses, because disputes are usually resolved through the courts rather than
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by the Patent Office. The cost of litigation is very high and therefore favors established companies. In some new technological areas, such as biotechnology, the lack of case law to help interpretation is especially problematical, because the uncertainty may inhibit investment in innovation. In others, patenting is less important than alternative forms of protection, such as trade secrecy.
As technological innovation shifts to small or medium-size companies, brand recognition becomes a less effective way of building consumer confidence and facilitating the adoption of new products and services. That will increase the role of the government as an honest broker, providing and disseminating independent assessments. The Internet is an important tool for disseminating assessments, but the vast array of information of varying quality that is available on the Internet makes it all the more difficult to establish credibility. The government may need to certify data on the Internet, especially where the information is widely used as the basis for research, product development, or manufacturing.
Even if the validation of data is judged to be an inappropriate role for the government, there is a need for formal data format standards that can address both longevity and migration issues. In addition, there is a need for standards in the presentation of genomics/proteomics sequences (in addition to the need for standards of sequence accuracy, noted earlier in this report) that is not currently being met by NIH, FDA, or NIST.
Finally, it should be noted that in the next decade, global standards will take on increasing importance for products in all areas. In much the same way as data and communication standards in telephony, fax machines, and the TCP/IP protocols of the Internet facilitate the development of global networks and the easy sharing of information, standards will be needed for many other products. Product standards can, it is true, serve as trade barriers, but for a nation committed to free trade on a global scale, they can also facilitate trade and help to gain competitive advantages. The failure of the United States to gain a significant share of the global market in cellular telephony is a good example of the price of not moving quickly. Today, product standards are voluntary in the United States but are sometimes import requirements in other countries. It may well be that as this field becomes more important, federal government will need to play a more direct role, especially as it is the critical voice in the World Trade Organization and other international venues where these issues are negotiated.


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Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume 8, Issue 6, 239-241, 1 June 2004
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Add/View Comments (0)Human feelings: why are some more aware than others?
A recent article reports that human perception of heartbeat timing is mediated by right (non-dominant) anterior insular cortex, and that the activity and the size of this region is directly correlated with individuals' subjective awareness of inner body feelings and emotionality. These results support the somatic-marker hypothesis of consciousness (a modern successor to the James–Lange theory of emotion) and the neuroanatomical concept that human awareness is based on a phylogenetically distinct interoceptive pathway.


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Re: Log files occupy lot of Disk sizeHarsh J 2012-11-23, 07:42
Lower your log levels if you do not need all that verbosity. You can
control log retention, max sizes to keep, max number of files to keep, and logging levels, etc. via each components' log4j.properties file. On Fri, Nov 23, 2012 at 12:42 PM, iwannaplay games <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > If i delete the log file without stopping the cluster won't it > terminate the session. > > > > On 11/23/12, Mohammad Tariq <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> Hi there, >> >> You can write a small job or some script which periodically checks for >> the log growth and performs the delete after certain threshold. >> >> Regards, >> Mohammad Tariq >> >> >> >> On Fri, Nov 23, 2012 at 12:28 PM, iwannaplay games < >> [EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> >>> Hi, >>> >>> Everytime i query hbase or hive ,there is a significant growth in my >>> log files and it consumes lot of space from my hard disk....(Approx 40 >>> gb) >>> So i stop the cluster ,delete all the logs and free the space and then >>> again start the cluster to start my work. >>> >>> Is there any other solution coz i cannot restart the cluster everyday. >>> >> -- Harsh J |


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Design Home 6:00 am Vitsoe Install 606 Shelving System into an Award Winning 1960s British Home Vitsoe make great videos and we're always happy to catch the latest. Here they shed light on the process of ordering and installation, less concept, more practical, the lucky occupants/restorers of an award winning 1960s British home get even luckier… 1187 - Read more
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I just got home from a presentation by artist and data-visualization-famous-person Jer Thorp. It was called "Algorithms, Art and Authorship" and was hosted by the NYC chapter of Hacks/Hackers. I liked it. I made this sketch of Jer doing his talk:
Thursday, January 24, 2013
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- Rolf Schröter said...
an 'analog random data visualization'. i like
- January 25, 2013 at 1:18 AM
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By David Saito-Chung, INVESTOR'S BUSINESS DAILY
Banking analyst Mike Mayo testified in the Senate about conflicts of interest on Wall Street.
Are you looking for a new book to devour after finishing that third or fourth detective novel?
Before summer melts into fall, why not take up an investing-related book while you take in the rays? Savvy investors keep reading and learning. The reason is simple: The economy changes, the market changes, the stock leaders change.
You could read one or two investment classics, or reread them. It's always useful to refresh yourself with the wisdom and experiences of a legendary trader.
"Reminiscences of a Stock Operator" details the experience of Jesse Livermore during his roller-coaster ride in stocks and commodities.
"How I Made $2,000,000 in the Stock Market" shares how a ballroom dancer learned the importance of buying stocks only when they went up. Gerald Loeb's "The Battle for Investment Survival" and Peter Lynch's "One Up on Wall Street" hold nuggets of wisdom in stock picking, research and portfolio management.
The first chapter of the latest edition of "How to Make Money in Stocks" showcases 100 of the best winners going back to the 1880s. You'll see Richmond & Danville, which created America's first cup-with-handle chart.
Also consider reading a book that sheds light on how Wall Street works, or what's going on in a particular industry. Others explain why some economic regions offer growth opportunities. Here are a few quotes from the latest reads:
"One of the toughest things an analyst has to do is admit a mistake. If you're wrong only 45 percent of the time, you're one of the best."
This quote from Mike Mayo's "Exile on Wall Street" succinctly explains how analysts at Wall Street banks think and operate.
Mayo, a veteran banking analyst, was the sole analyst to testify before the U.S. Senate Banking Committee in 2002 on conflicts of interest on Wall Street.
"The problem with bubbles is a problem in dealing with the universal behavior of people, not the behavior of the abstract entities called markets."
This quote from "Finance and the Good Society" by Yale professor Robert Shiller rightly points out that bubble markets will continue to come and go.
"There is a perception, rightly or wrongly, that Vietnam is the next China, a booming market soaking up resources and consumer goods, buying banking services and cell phones with gusto."
In "World Right Side Up," Christopher Mayer gives reader a journey of trends and investing ideas across six continents.
Excellence is about peak moments. When an audience listens to Placido Domingo sing, they know the opera singer will deliver a breathtakingly beautiful peak moment, and often a series of them. A stock is a mundane thing compared to an opera singer. After all, it's only money. But if your stock is ...
When looking for potential stocks to buy, your best bet is to stick with those building early-stage bases. Why? Leaders tend to make their biggest moves as they break out of early-stage patterns. An institutional-quality stock's first breakout from a sound base can easily result in gains of 20% or ...
Sometimes a big market winner shows no quitting. The stock keeps going and going, showing no indication it wants to take a breather, consolidate gains, or build a new base. But a leader always does at some point, especially when selling pressure starts to build in the broad market. When it happens, ...
When the market corrects, leading stocks tend to correct more. During an intermediate market correction, a leader typically corrects 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 times the market average. So if the market corrects 10%, the leaders might correct 15% to 25%. Be suspicious of anything greater than that, although a ...
Even when a base pattern has good characteristics, it could still be flawed if it doesn't have the right physical framework. That's because in stock charts, shape matters. In most cases the smooth-looking base wins over the jagged one. What exactly does this mean? In stock charts, it's the way the ...


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Similar Vehicles
- 2014 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C250
- Iridium Silver Metallic
- $46,525
- 2014 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C250
- Steel Gray Metallic
- $48,440
- 2014 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C250
- Magnetite Black Metallic
- $46,715
- 2014 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C350
- Palladium Silver Metallic
- $47,185
- 2014 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C250
- Steel Gray Metallic
- $48,440
- Advertised Price
- $43,991
- Exterior: Iridium Silver Metallic
- Interior: Ash
- Stock #: P13758
- Engine: 5.5L DOHC SFI 32-valve V8 engine
- Transmission: Automatic
- Mileage: 39,467
- This vehicle located at:
- Park Place Motorcars Dallas
- 6113 Lemmon Avenue
- Dallas, TX 75209
- 866-641-5217
- This vehicle located at:
- Park Place Motorcars Dallas
- 6113 Lemmon Avenue
- Dallas, TX 75209
- 866-641-5217
THE MERCEDES-BENZ CERTIFIED PREOWNED (CPO) PROGRAM FOR THIS 2009 Mercedes-Benz at Park Place Motorcars, a Dallas Mercedes-Benz Dealer:
For those who want to be behind the wheel of a sophisticated, pristine and luxurious vehicle with proven brand cachet, a CPO vehicle sold by Mercedes-Benz comes with the uncompromised standards of a brand new Mercedes-Benz.
In addition to the rigorous Mercedes-Benz quality regulations, each Mercedes-Benz CPO is guaranteed to be a well-maintained, late-model Mercedes-Benz. Mercedes-Benz trained technicians put every CPO vehicle through a 162-point mechanical and cosmetic inspection and is backed by a detailed CARFAX Vehicle History Report.
Multi-point Inspections: 14 point road test inspection. 15 point drivetrain and undercarriage inspection. 11 point general inspection. 11 point engine compartment inspection. 17 point engine component inspection. 25 point chassis and body inspection. 3 point post road test inspection. 33 point electrical system inspection. 33 point appearance inspection.
With every Certified Pre-Owned Mercedes-Benz comes peace of mind, because every MBCPO vehicle is backed by one of the most comprehensive pre-owned vehicle limited warranties available. For starters, any remaining portion of the Mercedes-Benz four-year/50,000 mile New Vehicle Limited Warranty applies to the vehicle. After that, MBCPO Limited Warranty provides comprehensive vehicle for another 12 months, or up to 100,000 total accumulated miles. For those MBCPO vehicles that are no longer covered by the New Vehicle Warranty, the MBCPO Limited Warranty takes effect at the time of delivery.
With 1-800-FOR-MERCEDES (1-800-367-6372) you are only a phone call away from 24-hour Roadside Assistance, Sign and Drive service (a free jump-start, flat-tire change with your existing spare, or some fuel for an empty tank), Trip Interruption and trip routing, product and technical information, or anything else related to your Mercedes-Benz.
A. Mercedes-Benz Certified Pre-Owned Exchange Privilege: Every Mercedes-Benz Certified Pre-Owned vehicle is sold with a seven-day/500 mile Exchange Privilege. If you are not satisfied, return within seven days/500 miles (whichever comes first), and the authorized Mercedes-Benz Dealer will exchange it with another Certified Pre-Owned vehicle of equal or greater value (if the buyer wishes to pay the difference). See your Park Place Mercedes-Benz sales consultant for details.
B. Trip Interruption: Part of Mercedes-Benz Roadside Assistance, the Trip Interruption program reimburses you for expenses up to $300 per day for up to three days in the event of a warranty-covered breakdown occurring more than 100 miles from home and causing an unexpected stay overnight. Covers reimbursement for actual documented meal, lodging and substitute transportation expenses incurred while your Mercedes is repaired at an authorized Mercedes-Benz Dealership.
C. 1-800-FOR-MERCEDES Whether you need Roadside Assistance, product information, or you just can't remember how to program the radio, this is the magic number to call, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Being that Mercedes-Benz is a leader in Certified PreOwned vehicles, they offer special financing, aggressive rates and terms that are new car like. In order to obtain these special rates, please contact your sales consultant or submit an online credit application.
Included Optional Equipment
- Original Price:$3950.00
- Details:
- Cooled Driver Seat
- Keyless Entry
- HID headlights
- Auxiliary Audio Input
- Power Door Locks
- Heated Driver Seat
- Heated Driver Seat
- Keyless Start
- Remote Trunk Release
- Vehicle Anti-Theft System
- Original Price:$1140.00
- Details:
- Rear Parking Aid
Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class CLS550 REDUCED TO SELL Standard Equipment
- 18" x 8.5" front/18" x 9.5" rear dual 5-spoke aluminum wheels
- P245/40R18 front & P275/35R18 rear high performance tires
- Pwr tilt/slide tinted glass sunroof w/1-touch express open/close
- Silver grille w/(4) chrome ribs
- Variable-focus halogen headlamps-inc: polycarbonate lenses, driver-selectable light-sensing, automatic lamp substitution
- Halogen front foglamps
- Single red rear foglamp in LH taillamp
- Pwr heated mirrors-inc: auto-dimming driver mirror & memory, integrated LED turn signals
- Blue tinted glass
- Variable intermittent rain-sensing dual aero-blade windshield wipers w/heated washer nozzles
- 10-way pwr front bucket seats-inc: 3-position memory, adjustable lumbar supports, pwr height adjustable active head restraints
- Leather seat trim
- Retractable outboard rear head restraints
- Floor mats
- Leather-trimmed pwr 4-way tilt/telescopic steering wheel-inc: memory, driver-programmable easy-exit, audio & multi-function display controls
- Instrumentation -inc: electronic analog speedometer, tachometer, digital odometer, touch shift, mode selections, quartz clock, electronic bar-graph fuel, coolant temp gauges
- Multi-function display in center of speedometer-inc: trip computer, exterior temp gauge, maintenance system, oil level check, digital speedometer, reminder & malfunction messages, driver-programmable settings, cruise control, audio status, navigation route guidance
- Mercedes-Benz maintenance system plus display-inc: distance remaining to next maintenance, type of service due, reminders, brake-pad wear
- Pwr windows w/1-touch express up/down
- Cruise control
- High-Gloss Laurel wood trim
- SmartKey system-inc: remote central locking system, anti-theft engine immobilizer, drive away automatic locking
- SmartKey infrared remote-inc: trunk open, opening/closing for windows & sunroof, panic alarm, fuel filler door, selective unlock all
- Hard drive-based GPS navigation system
- Integrated HomeLink compatible (3) button garage door opener
- Anti-theft alarm system w/engine immobilizer, panic remote
- Digital dual-zone automatic climate control-inc: electrostatic dust/pollen filter, humidity/dewpoint/sun sensors, activated charcoal filter w/smog sensing automatic filtered air recirculation
- Rear window defroster w/auto shut-off based on time, driving speed & exterior temp
- Auto-dimming rearview mirror
- Dual illuminated visor vanity mirrors
- Locator lighting
- Leather-trimmed shift knob
- 12V pwr outlet in rear seat storage compartment & illuminated cargo area
- Night security illumination
- 5.5L DOHC SFI 32-valve V8 engine
- 7-speed driver-adaptive electronic automatic transmission w/OD -inc: touch shift, optimum gear programming, comfort mode
- Rear wheel drive
- Independent 4-link front suspension w/anti-dive geometry
- Independent 5-arm multi-link rear suspension-inc: aluminum links, wheel-hub carriers, anti-squat geometry, alignment control
- Airmatic semi-active air suspension w/adaptive damping system (ADS II)
- Front/rear stabilizer bars
- Speed-sensitive pwr rack & pinion steering
- Pwr 4-piston ventilated front & 1-piston ventilated rear disc brakes
- Dual chrome trapezoidal exhaust tips
- Anti-lock braking system (ABS) w/brake assist
- Electronic stability program (ESP)
- Driver-programmable daytime running lamps
- Dual-stage front airbags w/front passenger adaptive feature, occupant classification system
- Front/rear side-impact airbags
- Front/rear side-impact curtain airbags
- Driver knee airbag
- Tele Aid global positioning system (GPS) satellite system-inc: stolen vehicle recovery, remote door unlock service, automatic alarm & collision notification
- Front 3-point seat belts-inc: emergency tensioning device, adaptive belt force limiter, shoulder belt height-adjusters
- Rear 3-point seat belts-inc: emergency tensioning device, belt force limiter
- Child safety rear door locks
- Universal LATCH (lower anchors & tethers for children) system
- Tire pressure monitoring system
- Illuminated emergency interior trunk release
- PRE-SAFE collision preparedness system
- COMAND cockpit management & data system-inc: AM/FM/Weatherband radio w/in-dash 6-disc CD/DVD changer, music register, SD card slot, Zagat survey restaurant guide, Gracenote media database
- Harman/Kardon LOGIC7 surround sound system w/Dolby digital 5.1/aux audio input
- Sirius satellite radio
- Bluetooth w/hands-free calling
Park Place Motorcars Dallas
- 866-641-5217
- Sales Hours
- Monday - Friday
- 8:30am - 8:00pm
- Saturday
- 9:00am - 6:00pm
- Parts & Service Hours
- Monday - Friday
- 7:00am - 7:00pm
- Saturday
- 8:00am - 5:00pm
All advertised prices exclude government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer document preparation charge, and any emission testing charge. The price for listed vehicles as equipped does not include charges such as: License, Title, Registration Fees, State or Local Taxes, Dealer Prep, Smog Fees, Credit Investigation, Optional Credit Insurance, Physical Damage or Liability Insurance, or Delivery Fees. DEALER makes no representations, expressed or implied, to any actual or prospective purchaser or owner of this vehicle as to the existence, ownership, accuracy, description or condition of the listed vehicle's equipment, accessories, price, specials or any warranties. Any and all differences must be addressed prior to the sale of this vehicle. Prices shown are valid today only. Prices are based upon availability and market conditions and are subject to change at any time.


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Contao is a content management system (CMS) for people who want a professional Internet presence that is easy to maintain. The state-of-the-art structure of the system offers a high security standard and allows you to develop search engine friendly Websites that are also accessible for people with disabilities. Furthermore, the system can be expanded flexibly and inexpensively. It features easy management of user rights, a Live Update Service, a modern CSS framework, and many integrated modules (news, calendar, forms, etc.).
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See All Contributors »
I know he dropped a couple of passes yesterday, but I'm glad we targeted him more. He definately is capable of being good. I also think we should take 1 or 2 more shots down the field a game. Just my opinions and thoughts that I think we should throw to Darks a little more.
I think Darks will really want to improve after yesterday. I can see him having a much better game next week.
I told you, I dont care if youre black or white. I dont care if youre rich or poor. I dont care where you come from, whether its Texas, Florida, California, or right here in the state of Iowa, I dont care about any of that But what I did care about is moving forward from that day on, that we were one team." -Paul Rhoads
I think we have a crew of receivers that are all about the same level of skill and experience. Darks Money Lenz Williams Sed
His drops really stood out to me. it was a little disappointing.
He reverted back to freshman year Darks. Drop the easys, catch the ridiculous.
Wide Right & Natty Lite - Loyal Sons, Forever True. With beer!
I'd say $ Reynold's fumble in our 1st drive set the tone for our offense all 1st half. Nothing like giving confidence to a deflated team (of course the 3rd quarter took care of that prob)
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