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Katy Hudson
Santa Barbara, CAhometown
- Hip-Hopgenre
- 1997started
- Biofull story
Katheryn Elizabeth "Katy" Hudson (born October 25, 1984), better known by her stage name Katy Perry, is an American recording artist, businesswoman, philanthropist, and actress. She was born near Santa Barbara, California and primarily grew up there before moving to Los Angeles. Having had limited exposure to mainstream pop music in her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teen and released her debut studio album, Katy Hudson (2001). She later recorded a collaborative album with The Matrix and a solo album she worked on with Glen Ballard, the latter of which was never released.
In April 2007, Perry signed a recording contract with Capitol Records. She rose to prominence with the release of her single "I Kissed a Girl" followed by her second album, One of the Boys (2008), which is predominantly pop rock. Perry's third record, Teenage Dream (2010), was preceded by the Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles "California Gurls" and "Teenage Dream", and later produced the number-one singles "Firework", "E.T.", and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)". Teenage Dream became the first album recorded by a female artist in history to produce five number-one hits, and the second album overall after Michael Jackson's Bad (1987). The album features disco, electronic music, funk, and hip hop in addition to pop and rock. In March 2012, she re-released Teenage Dream as Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection, which was preceded by the number-one single "Part of Me". Her fourth album, Prism (2013), was preceded by the number-one single "Roar". The album was originally planned to be "darker" than Perry's previous material, but ultimately became an album influenced by Swedish dance music and focusing heavily on self-empowerment. The album later produced the number-one single "Dark Horse".
Perry has received numerous awards and nominations, including eleven Grammy nominations and Billboard dubbed her as 2012's Woman of the Year. She remains the only artist to spend 69 consecutive weeks in the top ten of the Hot 100. Perry is also the third best selling digital singles artist in US according to RIAA. She has ventured into celebrity endorsement and released fragrances Purr, Meow, and Killer Queen. In late July 2011, she made her film debut voicing Smurfette in The Smurfs. Billboard ranked Perry at number fourteen on their 2011 list of top moneymakers, grossing more than $11 million. In early July 2012, she released her 3D autobiographical documentary film, Katy Perry: Part of Me, which concentrated on her life as a touring artist and the breakdown of her one-year marriage to English actor/comedian Russell Brand. As of November 2013, Perry has sold more than 11 million albums and 81 million singles worldwide and her singles are some of the best-selling worldwide, and she currently holds the record for most 5x platinum singles in the United States, with 5 of her singles reaching the achievement.
Life and career:
1984-98: Early life and career beginnings:
Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson was born near Santa Barbara, California, to Pentecostal pastors Maurice Keith Hudson and Mary Christine Perry of Keith Hudson Ministries. Her younger brother David (known as Hudson) is also a singer. She and David have one older sister named Angela. Keith is of English descent while Mary is of Irish, Portuguese, English, and German descent. Through Mary, she is a half-niece of film director/producer Frank Joseph Perry, Jr. As children, she and her siblings attended religious schools and camps, including Santa Barbara Christian School for their elementary years. Her parents often traveled from town to town with their ministry, eventually settling in Santa Barbara by 1995. For her 13th birthday, she got her first guitar and began writing songs. The family lived in poverty and "barely got by" while she was growing up, and as a teenager she would publicly play her guitar and sing songs to make money.
She was also incorporated into her parents' ministry and sang in churches between the ages of nine and sixteen. She grew up listening primarily to gospel music, as her parents discouraged her, David, and Angela from listening to too much "secular music". As a child, some of the only secular artists she was allowed to listen to were Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday, as well as the music of Édith Piaf due to her mother being able to speak French. According to Perry, there was a strange "hall pass" with their music, due to her parents' belief that it was less harmful than most secular music. During her early teens, Perry would rely on her friends to sneak in CDs to listen to and would watch MTV at their houses without her parents' knowledge, which led to her discovery of most popular music.
Perry learned how to dance in a recreation building in Santa Barbara. She was taught by seasoned dancers and began with swing, Lindy Hop, and jitterbug. Perry initially started singing because she was in the middle of a phase where she was "copycatting" her sister Angela. Growing up, she often took cassette tapes Angela practiced with and rehearsed the songs and performed them in front of their parents. They suggested she take vocal coaching. She took the opportunity and began taking lessons at the age of nine and continued until she was sixteen.
1999-2006: Katy Hudson and The Matrix:
At 15, Perry's singing in church attracted the attention of rock veterans from Nashville, Tennessee, who brought her there to polish her writing skills. In December 1999, she took her GED after her first semester of her freshman year at Dos Pueblos High School and decided to leave school in the pursuit of a career in music. Perry briefly studied Italian opera at the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara. In Nashville, she started recording demos and was taught by country music veterans how to craft songs and play guitar. Perry signed to the Christian music label Red Hill Records. She recorded and released her debut album, titled Katy Hudson, on February 8, 2001. Two singles were released from the album; "Trust in Me" in February 2001, and "Search Me" in June 2001. She supported this album with The Strangely Normal Tour, opening for Phil Joel, LaRue, Luna Halo, Earthsuit, and V*Enna. The album was unsuccessful as the label ceased operations in December 2001.
At the age of 17, Perry left her home for Los Angeles, California, where she worked with Glen Ballard on an album for Island Records. Having grown up listening to mostly gospel music, she had few references when she began recording songs. Asked by the producer with whom she would like to collaborate, Perry had no idea. In September 2002, she went with her mother to a hotel. Inside, she turned on VH1 and first heard about producer Glen Ballard that night when watching him talking about Alanis Morissette that night, prompting her interest in working with Ballard. He produced Morissette's Jagged Little Pill, which had a "huge influence" on her.
She expressed interest in working with Ballard to her initial collaborator, who arranged a meeting for her with Ballard in Los Angeles. Perry presented one of her songs to Ballard, who then helped develop her songwriting over the next few years. In 2003, she briefly performed as "Katheryn Perry" to avoid confusion with actress Kate Hudson before adopting the stage name "Katy Perry". After Perry was subsequently dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group, she signed to Columbia Records in 2004. The same year, Perry and Kaya Jones provided backing vocals on Mick Jagger's song "Old Habits Die Hard", which won the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.
However, the label was not amenable with her vision and did not give her full creative control. Instead, one of Columbia's ideas was to pair her with the record production team The Matrix, who was working on an album, to serve as its female vocalist. Eighty percent completed, however, Columbia decided not to finish it and dropped her from the label. The album ended up being shelved. Her burgeoning music career led to her being named "The Next Big Thing" in October 2004 by Blender magazine. A solo album she had worked on with Ballard was scheduled for release on August 18, 2005 but was cancelled. Some of her collaborations with Ballard, such as "Box", "Diamonds", and "Long Shot", were posted on her official MySpace page. "Simple", one of the songs she recorded with Ballard, was released on the soundtrack to the 2005 film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants.Kelly Clarkson later used "Long Shot" (which Perry wrote with then-boyfriend Matt Thiessen and Ballard) for her March 2009 album All I Ever Wanted. With no album project ongoing, Perry began recording her own, titled Fingerprints. While waiting to find another label, she worked in an independent A&R company called Taxi Music. In early 2006, she was featured in the end of the video to P.O.D.'s single "Goodbye for Now". Late that November, she played the love interest of her then-boyfriend Gym Class Heroes lead singer Travie McCoy in the band's music video for "Cupid's Chokehold".
2007-09: Breakthrough with One of the Boys:
While in the process of being dropped by Columbia in 2006, the company's publicity executive Angelica Cob-Baehler enthusiastically recommended her to Virgin Records chairman Jason Flom. At the time Flom was leading a complete revival in fortunes at the label and looking to crown recent achievements by breaking a global pop act. Despite mixed reactions from fellow Virgin executives, Flom became convinced that Perry could be a breakthrough star and, at the start of 2007, extended discussions with Columbia resulted in her signing to the newly created Capitol Music Group, a merger between Virgin and Capitol. As part of the deal, the label secured the masters to the unfinished album, recorded while at Columbia, that would go on to form a significant part of her album One of the Boys. The Columbia recordings were seen by Flom as being "very strong but lacking an undeniable smash or two that would work both at U.S. pop radio and internationally" and so one of the executive's first actions after completing the signing was to set up a collaboration between Perry and Dr. Luke.
The two co-wrote her songs "I Kissed a Girl" and "Hot n Cold". Establishing her image was one of the immediate concerns of her management. A campaign was started with the November 20, 2007 release of the video to "Ur So Gay", aimed at introducing her to the music market. A digital EP led by "Ur So Gay" was later released to create online buzz and press story. This was a successful move that brought Perry to the attention of Madonna, who mentioned her on KISS FM and KRQ's JohnJay & Rich morning show in Arizona. On March 10, 2008, she appeared as herself on the ABC Family television series, Wildfire, on the episode "Life's Too Short".
"I Kissed a Girl", was released on April 28, 2008. Her A&R, Chris Anokute, told HitQuarters the song and its controversial theme had met with strong resistance at the label: "People said, 'This is never going to get played on the radio. How do we sell this? How's this going to be played in the bible belt?'" Anokute said that they needed the support of one of the label's radio promoters to convince people to believe in the record; otherwise, she would have likely been dropped again. Capitol's SVP of Promotions, Dennis Reese, saw the vision and helped push the single on national radio. The first station to pick it up and take a chance was The River in Nashville. After playing it for three days they were inundated with enthusiastic calls. Perry also performed backing vocals on the song "Another Night in the Hills" from Gavin Rossdale's solo album Wanderlust, which was released in early June 2008. The following week on June 12, 2008, she appeared as herself on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless.
Perry's second album One of the Boys was released on June 17, 2008, to mixed critical reviews. The album reached number nine on the Billboard 200 and has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In August 2008, Perry disproved rumors that her parents were opposed to her music and career, stating "They love and support me". She also mentioned that her family was "not at all" surprised with the release of "Ur So Gay". "Hot n Cold" became her second top three single in dozens of countries around the world, including the United States where it reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100, as well as topping the charts in Germany, Canada, and Denmark. After Perry wrapped up her appearance at the Warped Tour, she went on tours in Europe. She later launched her first headlining tour, the Hello Katy Tour, on January 23, 2009. The tour consisted of 89 concerts and took place in North America, Oceania, Europe, and Asia. "I Kissed a Girl" earned her a nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 2009 Grammy Awards. She was nominated in five categories at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, including Best New Artist and Best Female Video, but lost to Britney Spears. She won Best New Act at the 2008 MTV Europe Music Awards, which she co-hosted, and Best International Female Artist at the 2009 BRIT Awards. On February 9, 2009, both "I Kissed a Girl" and "Hot n Cold" were certified three-time platinum by Recording Industry Association of America for individual digital sales of over three million. The Guinness Book of World Records recognized her in its 2010 version as the "Best Start on the US Digital Chart by a Female Artist," for the singles selling over two million digital copies.
The Matrix's self-titled debut album, which features Perry, was later released via the team's label Let's Hear It during her solo tour. When the release date was scheduled, "I Kissed a Girl" had been charting well. Matrix member Lauren Christy spoke to Perry about the decision, but she wanted to hold the release until the fourth single of One of the Boys had been dispatched. Despite their communication, The Matrix was released onto iTunes on January 27, 2009.
In June 2009, lawyers acting for Perry opposed the then-recent trademark of Australian fashion designer Katie Perry, who uses her own name to market loungewear. Some media outlets reported this as a lawsuit, which the singer denied. During the summer of 2009, Perry filmed a cameo appearance for Get Him to the Greek. Her scene, in which she kisses her real-life future husband Russell Brand, was cut and does not appear in the film. Discussing the issue with MTV, she hypothesized there may have been some fear that seeing the two make out would have taken viewers out of the experience. On August 4, 2009, she performed as opening act for the band No Doubt on their Summer Tour 2009. The following month, she was featured on a remix of Colorado-based band 3OH!3's song "Starstrukk" (the idea for the collaboration having come after Perry's tour that featured 3OH!3 as the supporting act, the song being released by iTunes on September 8, 2009). In October 2009, MTV Unplugged revealed that Perry was one of the artists to perform for them, and that she would be releasing a live album of the performance, including two new tracks, "Brick by Brick" and a cover of Fountains of Wayne's "Hackensack". The album was released on November 13 and included both a CD and a DVD. On November 28, 2009, the Hello Katy Tour concluded. In December 2009, she was featured on "If We Ever Meet Again", which was released as a single in February 2010, from Timbaland's album Shock Value II.
2010-12: Teenage Dream:
On January 26, 2010, Perry starred as a guest judge on American Idol. Early that May, she released "California Gurls" featuring rapper Snoop Dogg. It picked atop the Billboard Hot 100 for six consecutive weeks. Perry appeared as a guest judge alongside Simon Cowell, Cheryl Cole, and Louis Walsh during the Dublin audition stage of the seventh series of the English television show The X Factor on June 28, 2010. She was one of the many celebrities chosen to fulfill the role of judge whilst Dannii Minogue was on maternity leave. Perry released "Teenage Dream" in July, which also topped the Hot 100. Perry's third studio album, Teenage Dream, was released on August 24, 2010. In October, "Firework" was released as the third single from Teenage Dream. It became the album's third consecutive number one on the Hot 100. As a result, she became the first female in eleven years to have three consecutive number-ones from a single album.
In November 2010, she released her first fragrance, Purr. It is packaged in a cat-shaped bottle, and is available through Nordstrom department stores. In February 2011, a remixed version of "E.T." featuring rapper Kanye West was released as the fourth single from Teenage Dream. It topped the Hot 100 chart for five non-consecutive weeks. On February 20, 2011, a few days after the release of "E.T.", Perry embarked on an extensive world tour in support of Teenage Dream. It was titled the California Dreams Tour and including 124 shows in Europe, Australasia, Asia, North America and South America. It earned over $59 million. With "E.T." at number one on the chart of May 12, 2011, Perry became the first artist to spend 52 consecutive weeks in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100. In June, the album's fifth single, "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)", topped the Hot 100. This allowed her to achieve a record for being the first female to achieve five number one Hot 100 songs from one album, and tying Michael Jackson's record. Additionally, Teenage Dream boasted a record-breaking six number-one songs on Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart. On July 29, 2011, she made her film debut in the 3D family film The Smurfs as Smurfette. The Smurfs earned $557,771,535 worldwide during its theatrical run, though received many negative reviews from critics. The week of September 17, 2011 marked Perry's 69th consecutive week in the Top 10 with single "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)". On September 23, 2011, she performed on the opening day of the 2011 Rock in Rio festival along with Elton John, Claudia Leitte, and Rihanna, which was extended to October 2.
In early October, "The One That Got Away" was released as the sixth and final single from Teenage Dream, peaking at three on the Hot 100. Teenage Dream became the third album in history to produce six top five hit singles. "The One That Got Away" became the album's seventh track to reach the top of the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart, the most by any album and setting a new record in the chart.
Perry hosted Saturday Night Live on December 10, 2011 with Robyn serving as the episode's musical guest. Perry's work on the episode received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised her comedic timing and the episode's digital short which featured Perry and Andy Samberg, however some critics noted that Perry's performance in the episode was overshadowed by cast regular Kristen Wiig. Her second fragrance, Meow!, was released the same month. On December 14, 2011, Forbes ranked her #3 on their "Top-Earning Women In Music" 2011 with $44 million. Also that December, she was elected the Artist of the Year by MTV and revealed plans to release a Barbie doll that represents her style.
On January 5, 2012, Perry was named the sixth best-selling digital artist in the United States, with sales of 37.6 million units according to Nielsen SoundScan. That month, she became the first artist to have five songs sell over 5 million digital units. Later that month, EA Games recruited her to promote their new expansion pack The Sims 3: Showtime. The California Dreams Tour also concluded on January 22, 2012. In March 2012, Teenage Dream was re-released under the title Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection. It was preceded by the February release of "Part of Me", which became the album's seventh single released and sixth single overall to top the Hot 100. "Wide Awake" was released in May as the second single from Complete Confection, peaking at number two. In June 2012, she revealed plans to launch her own record label, which would be under Capitol Records. In early July 2012, her autobiographical documentary movie Katy Perry: Part of Me was released to theaters under Paramount Pictures. It garnered positive critical reviews and grossed $30 million worldwide at the box office. Later that month, she became the spokesperson and ambassador for Popchips. Late that September, Billboard announced that Perry would take home the 2012 "Woman of the Year" Award at their Women in Music event, which took place on November 30, 2012 in New York City. On December 12, 2012, Forbes ranked her #5 on their "Top-Earning Women In Music" 2012 with $45 million.
2013-present: Prism:
Perry told Billboard in Fall 2012 about Prism: "I know exactly the record I want to make next. I know the artwork, the coloring and the tone..... I even know what type of tour I'm doing next. I'll be very pleased if the vision I have in my head becomes a reality". However, Perry mentioned that she did not want the album to be a "Teenage Dream 2.0", stating: "That would be silly. It's not of any interest for me to try and outdo myself at every corner. Eventually you just like pop, explode". After taking time off from her professional career following the release of her autobiographical film, she began work on the album in November 2012 and finished in July 2013. Perry reprised her role as Smurfette in The Smurfs 2, which was released in theaters on July 31, 2013. Like its predecessor, it received many negative reviews from critics.
Killer Queen was released as her third fragrance in August 2013 through Coty, Inc. "Roar" made its debut as the lead single from Prism on August 10, 2013. Perry recorded and co-wrote a duet with her then-boyfriend John Mayer titled "Who You Love" for his album Paradise Valley. The album was released on August 20, 2013. She closed the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards with her first live performance of "Roar" on August 25, 2013 under the Brooklyn Bridge. Although Perry stated in a June 2012 interview with L'Uomo Vogue that she planned to have "darker elements" in Prism, she revealed to MTV during the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards that she changed the concept of the album after she "let the light in" through self-reflection and self-help. She said "I felt very prismatic because of that" and stated that "it's almost like I get to beam the colors that I've experienced out from me", which inspired her to name the album Prism. On September 4, 2013, Billboard announced that "Roar" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. On September 30, 2013, she performed the song at the iTunes Festival. She made a musical guest appearance with Bruce Willis on Saturday Night Live on October 12, 2013 where she also performed "Roar".
"Unconditionally" was released as the album's second single on October 16, 2013. The next day, Prism became available for streaming online.Prism was released in Ireland, Italy, Slovakia, and Slovenia on October 18, 2013, and was released worldwide on October 22, 2013. In the United States, it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 286,000 copies in its first week. The same day as its worldwide release, Perry performed Prism tracks for the first time at the iHeartRadio Theater in Los Angeles. On November 10, 2013, she performed "Unconditionally" at the 2013 MTV Europe Music Awards. She also opened the American Music Awards of 2013 on November 24, 2013 with a performance of "Unconditionally". On December 11, 2013, Forbes ranked her #7 on their "Top-Earning Women In Music" 2013 with $39 million. She also performed "Unconditionally" on the season 10 finale of The X Factor on December 15, 2013. Two days later, "Dark Horse" was released as the album's third single. In early January 2014, Perry became a guest curator of Madonna's Art for Freedom project. She performed "Dark Horse" with Juicy J at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards on January 26, 2014. On January 29, 2014, the song became her ninth number-one single. In early February 2014, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry named Perry the 5th Top Global Recording Artist of 2013, making her the highest-ranking woman to chart on the list.
Perry will begin her third headlining tour, The Prismatic World Tour, on May 7, 2014. It will begin at the Odyssey Arena in Belfast, Northern Ireland and open with Icona Pop. The first leg of the tour will also feature performances in Scotland and England. The second leg will take place in the United States and Canada.Capital Cities, Kacey Musgraves, Tegan and Sara, and Becky G will open for Perry in different markets. The third leg of the tour will take place in Oceania from November to December 2014.
Having grown up listening primarily to gospel music, Perry's first album Katy Hudson focuses on Christian themes. She aspired to be like Amy Grant though "it didn't pan out that way." Perry names Queen among her influences. She was introduced to their song "Killer Queen" by a friend at age 15 and describes it as being the track that made her discover music and want to pursue it as a career. She elaborated, saying "I thought to myself, 'Oh my gosh, this music is incredible. These lyrics speak to me.....' and that's what made me want to be what I am today". She is particularly influenced by the band's frontman, Freddie Mercury, and describes him as her biggest influence musically. She commented "Freddie Mercury was -- and remains -- my biggest influence. The combination of his sarcastic approach to writing lyrics and his 'I don't give a fuck' attitude really inspired my music". She named her third fragrance Killer Queen after the song in homage. She describes the Beach Boys and their album Pet Sounds as having a considerable influence on her music. She stated that the album is "one of my favourite records and it influenced pretty much all of my songwriting. All of the melody choices that I make are because of Pet Sounds." According to Perry, the Beatles' album The Beatles (or The White Album) and Pet Sounds were "the only things I listened to for probably two years straight." She describes both albums as being "really important" to her.
Madonna (left) and Freddie Mercury (right) both significantly influenced Perry and her music.
Perry is inspired by Alanis Morissette, in particular her 1995 album Jagged Little Pill -- even going on to work with Morissette's collaborator on the album, Glen Ballard, because of that. She said: "Jagged Little Pill was the most perfect female record ever made. There's a song for anyone on that record; I relate to all those songs. They're still so timeless." She lists Morissette and Fiona Apple as her heroes. After moving to Nashville to work on her first album Katy Hudson, she discovered the music of Patti Griffin and Jonatha Brooke and lists their albums Flaming Red and 10 Cent Wings, respectively, as being important to her. Perry lists Carole King, Bonnie Raitt, and Joni Mitchell as influences, and intends to become "more of a Joni Mitchell", releasing folk and acoustic music, in the second half of her career.Madonna has had a significant influence on her music and artistry. Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me was largely influenced by Madonna: Truth or Dare. Perry said: "Madonna is everything to me, and that movie is amazing, because it caught her at a time when she was a bit more vulnerable. I wanted to do that too." She also admires Madonna's ability to reinvent herself, saying "I want to evolve like Madonna."
Throughout her career, Perry has listed multiple artists as having inspired her on various songs and albums. Perry's third album, Teenage Dream, was significantly influenced by the music of ABBA and the Cardigans. She names Robyn as an influence on her fourth record, Prism, and went on to work with Klas Åhlund on the album as a result of his work with Robyn. Aesthetically, she names Gwen Stefani and Björk as influences -- she particularly admires the latter's "willingness to always be taking chances".
"Firework" was inspired by a passage in the book On the Road by Jack Kerouac in which Kerouac compares people who are full of life to fireworks that shoot across the sky and make people go "Awww!". Her second concert tour, the California Dreams Tour, was largely influenced by Alice In Wonderland and The Wizard of Oz. She also credits the 1996 movie The Craft for being the influence behind her song "Dark Horse", and Eckhart Tolle's book The Power of Now for influencing "This Moment" from Prism.
Musical style and themes:
Perry's music frequently contains elements of pop, rock, electronic, dance, and disco, although her first album, Katy Hudson, falls within the gospel genre. Her second album One of the Boys is predominantly pop rock and features themes of heartbreak and teenage adventure - both being common themes in Perry's music. Her third album, Teenage Dream, features notably more electronic and disco influenced songs, while still falling under the pop and rock genres. The album's topics focus on teenage love, partying, self-empowerment, and personal growth. Perry's fourth album, Prism, is significantly influenced by Swedish dance and pop music. The album also includes themes of relationships, self-reflection, and living in the present. Many of her songs focus on life and love between teenagers and adolescents; W described many of her hits as being "odes to adolescent lust wrapped up in irresistible hook-laden melodies". Self-empowerment has been noted as a common theme within Perry's music. The Boston Globe described her as being "committed to making you feel good about yourself and the world at large." Her willingness to address darker themes in her songwriting is something that critics have pointed out differentiates her from other pop singers: "It's tough subject matter for an international pop star, and surprisingly frank for anyone in the public eye, but it's one of the things that distances Perry from many other pop stars, and the delicacy with which it's handled is remarkably refreshing."Kristen Wiig for Interview said that "as easy, breezy, and infectious as Perry's songs can be, beneath the surface lurks a sea of mixed emotions, jumbled motives, and contradictory impulses complicated enough to fill a Carole King record."
Perry self-identifies as a "singer-songwriter masquerading as a pop star" and maintains that honest songwriting is very important to her. She said: "I feel like my secret magic trick that separates me from a lot of my peers is the bravery to be vulnerable and truthful and honest. I think you become more relatable when you're vulnerable." The Los Angeles Times commented that her music reveals "in confident, just-vague-enough terms snapshots of Perry's emotional life." She has been reported as writing with wit and frequently using humor in her songwriting. In her article, Kristen Wiig said "Perry's songs are fun, upbeat, and frothy..... but they're also shot through with a razor-sharp wit. She has little time for longing or dwelling or vulnerability for its own sake..... Instead, she prefers to play--with hooks, with words, with her own sexuality--so much so that it's easy to get lost ricocheting amongst all of the puns and double entendres." She has been noted for her "slightly satiric Perry humor" and describes some of her music as "tongue-in-cheek". Some critics have expressed that this could hinder her task of being viewed as a serious songwriter, with the Chicago Tribune commenting that "being taken seriously may be Perry's greatest challenge yet."
"When I am in between records, sometimes I doubt myself. I'll be like: Did I just get lucky, or did I mass-manipulate the world into thinking that seven songs were worth a number-one position? And then I go back into the studio and I start writing, and the true essential oil of who I am comes bubbling back up and reminds me that it's always been inside of me, that nobody can take this away no matter what comment anyone makes. It's going to be there because it's what I was born with and it's what I've worked on my whole life."
-- Perry on her confidence as a songwriter
Perry's ability to relate to her audience through her music has been noted by journalists; the New York Times labeled Perry "pound for pound..... the most potent pop star of the day--her hits are relatable with just a hint of experimentation" while the Los Angeles Times said that "to judge Perry as inauthentic or unoriginal would be wrong" and that "uncanny familiarity is her greatest achievement." Her ability to write catchy, memorable hooks and display her personality through her music has been praised. Billboard stated that her "ingenious pop hooks and zillion-dollar drum tracks are stamped with Perry's knack for a memorable line and frothy, gum-snapping persona" and that "for all the pomp and watermelon costumes, Perry is primarily a smart and personal pop songwriter." Though Perry has expressed her love of idioms and metaphors, her use of such has been criticized - with some critics pointing out the frequent use of clichés in her lyrics. Aside from writing her own music, Perry has written songs recorded by other singers, including Ashley Tisdale ("Time's Up")Selena Gomez & the Scene ("Rock God" and "That's More Like It"),Jessie James ("Bullet" and "Girl Next Door"),Kelly Clarkson ("Long Shot" and "I Do Not Hook Up"),Lesley Roy ("Slow Goodbye"), and Britney Spears ("Passenger").
Perry's voice has been described as "breathy" and "airy". Her vocals have been reviewed as both strong and weak on different occasions; The Guardian commented that her "powerful voice is hard-edged" and The Independent stated that there is "no sugar-coating necessary on her powerful voice", while other reviewers have described it as "flat" and "grating". She has been described as "an able but not outstanding vocalist." Her voice has been observed as being stronger in an acoustic setting, with one review of MTV Unplugged stating that "her voice is surprisingly strong when you peel away the electro-style (over?-) production." In Rolling Stone's review of Teenage Dream, Perry's vocals were considered "processed staccato blips", while a review of Prism commented that Perry "has a decent voice" and "generally doesn't lean on digital enhancement". Her voice has been compared to that of Alanis Morissette, one of Perry's biggest influences, with one review stating that both artists share a "perky voice shifting octaves mid-syllable". In a review of One of the Boys, NME remarked that "Perry's problem is often her voice: yes she has a good range, but somewhere along the line someone convinced her she was like, well, a ballsy rock chick", though The Telegraph commented positively on her "rock chick voice" in a later review.
Public image:
Perry is noted for being a sex symbol. AskMen described her as having "emerged as the front-and-center all-American sex symbol in pop music", while GQ labelled her a "full-on male fantasy" and added that with her song "I Kissed a Girl" she "somehow made ChapStick sexy".Elle described her body "as though sketched by a teenage boy". She placed at number one on the Maxim Hot 100 in 2010, with readers voting her the "hottest woman on Earth", and was named FHM Australia's "sexiest woman of 2011".Men's Health readers voted her the "sexiest woman of 2013". In an early November 2010 interview with Harper's Bazaar, Perry said of her figure: "I don't have a Kate Moss body, but I'm very proud and happy with mine."
She is noted for her unconventional style of dress. It is often humorous, bright in color, reminiscent of different decades and often includes food-related themes, such as fruit and candy, an example being her trademark spinning peppermint swirl dress.Vogue described her as "never exactly one to shy away from the outrageous or the extreme in any realm, be it the red carpet or her daily wardrobe", while Glamour named her the "queen of quirk". In an early February 2009 interview with Seventeen, she described her fashion style as "a bit of a concoction of different things" and stated "I love a good sense of humor in clothes". Speaking on her "ability to slip from party girl to polish", as described by Harper's Bazaar, Perry said: "I have multipersonality disorder--in a very good way, of course--when it comes to my fashion choices." Perry lists Gwen Stefani, Shirley Manson, Chloë Sevigny, Daphne Guinness, Natalie Portman, and the fictional character Lolita as her style icons.
Perry's presence on social media is significantly large; she is the most followed person on social networking site Twitter and, in late January 2014, she became the first person to gain 50 million followers on the site. She also has over 65 million "likes" on Facebook.Forbes commended Perry on her social media usage, saying "Perry makes excellent use of Twitter, talking to her fans and sharing funny photos and videos in a way that makes them all feel like Perry is their best buddy." Perry expressed that she feels she has "learned how to tame that social media dragon", while Keith Caulfield of Billboard stated that she is "the rare celebrity who seems to have enormous popularity but genuine ground-level interaction with her adoring KatyCats."
During the Warped Tour in December 2008, Perry had a cast made of her breasts to raise money for the Keep A Breast Foundation. In late September 2010, she helped build and design the Boys Hope/Girls Hope foundation in Baltimore for youth shelter along with Raven-Symoné, Shaquille O'Neal, and the cast of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. She dedicated the music video to her October 2010 single "Firework" to the It Gets Better Project, and supported Stonewall during their "It gets better..... today" campaign to prevent homophobic bullying. During her California Dreams Tour, Perry raised over $150,000 for the Tickets-For-Charity fundraiser. The money was divided between three charities: the Children's Health Fund (CHF), Generosity Water, and Humane Society of the United States.EMI donated a signed album by Perry herself for an auction for the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Auckland. The auction closed on May 31, 2011. In February 2012, Perry donated the proceeds from her single "Part of Me" to the charity MusiCares, which helps musicians in times of need. On October 13, 2012, she performed her song "Firework" with an autistic fan at Comedy Central's Night of Too Many Stars. In early December 2012, Perry was awarded the Trevor Hero Award by The Trevor Project for her work and activism for LGBT youth. In early April 2013, she worked with UNICEF and traveled to Madagascar to assist children with education and nutrition. Later that month, she appeared in a video clip for the "Chime For Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. On October 23, 2013, she hosted and performed at the We Can Survive concert along with her friends Bonnie McKee, Kacey Musgraves, Sara Bareilles, Ellie Goulding, and duo Tegan and Sara at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, California. The concert's profits went towards Young Survival Coalition, an organization aiding breast cancer in young women. On December 3, 2013, Perry was officially named a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, "with a special focus on engaging young people in the agency's work to improve the lives of the world's most vulnerable children and adolescents". In an official press release, UNICEF said "We are delighted that she is joining us as UNICEF's newest Goodwill Ambassador and lending her remarkable voice to amplify the voices of children and young people around the world". A portion of the money generated from tickets on the second leg (June -- October 2014) of her Prismatic World Tour will go to UNICEF,Autism Speaks, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and Susan G. Komen for the Cure.
Personal life:
Religious beliefs and spirituality:
Having been raised by two Pentecostal pastors, Perry confirmed in Katy Perry: Part of Me that she still keeps a religious connection with God, although is less devout than her parents. She described her relationship with God as "one-on-one". Perry follows Transcendental Meditation. In an October 2013 interview with Elle, she said that she tries to practise the technique as often as she can. Later that month with W Magazine, Perry said: "I try and keep my connection with G-O-D or with a power that's bigger than me. It's important - otherwise, you don't have any kind of accountability" and that "for me, accountability works". In an early December 2013 interview with Toronto Star, she mentioned her views on God changed as she got older, saying "My God has changed over the years. Absolutely. I believe there's this 'bigger than me' thing that's looking after me. I don't believe in like God as a really old guy with a beard on a gold throne" and that "I don't believe in heaven or hell as a destination. In fact, the terms of what I believe are still up for debate because I'm still on a journey and I don't even know if I'm going to get to my destination".Marie Claire announced the following week that Perry said "I'm not Buddhist, I'm not Hindu, I'm not Christian, but I still feel like I have a deep connection with God."
Perry has previously dated musician Justin York, singer Matt Thiessen, late actor Johnny Lewis, and rapper Travie McCoy. Her relationship with McCoy lasted from November 2006 to December 2008.
She first met Russell Brand during the summer of 2009 when she filmed a cameo appearance for his film Get Him to the Greek. The two began dating after meeting again in September 2009 at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. The couple became engaged on New Year's Eve 2009 while vacationing in Rajasthan, India. They privately married on October 23, 2010, in a traditional Hindu ceremony near the Ranthambhore tiger sanctuary in Rajasthan. Brand ended the marriage 14 months later, citing irreconcilable differences, filing for divorce on December 30, 2011. Their marriage was dissolved in July 2012.Katy Perry: Part of Me revealed that their conflicting career schedules and him wanting children before she was ready led to the end of the marriage. In June 2013, she revealed in an interview with Vogue that Brand did not like the idea of her "being the boss" of things and never spoke to her again after sending a text message that he was divorcing her. She also mentioned in a late September 2013 interview with Billboard that she was initially so distraught over the divorce that she contemplated suicide.
She began an on-off relationship with John Mayer in August 2012. Perry disproved engagement rumors in a January 2014 interview with GQ, saying "There's no rush." In late February 2014, it was announced that they had broken up.
Perry is an LGBT rights activist. In an interview with Do Something in early November 2008, Perry stated "I am a gay activist and I say that proudly..... I've always been a very open-minded person, but I definitely believe in equality." She confirmed that she voted no on Proposition 8, an amendment that would legally define marriage as a union solely between a man and a woman in California. In June 2012, Perry expressed her hope for change in people's attitudes towards LGBT people, saying in an interview: "hopefully, we will look back at this moment and think like we do now concerning other civil rights issues. We'll just shake our heads in disbelief, saying, 'Thank God we've evolved.' That would be my prayer for the future." Through Twitter and by performing at his rallies, Perry supported President Barack Obama in his run for re-election in early November 2012 due to his stance on same-sex marriage and believing in "equal rights for all". She performed at three rallies for Obama, in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Wisconsin, singing a rendition of "Let's Stay Together" as well as a selection of her own songs. During one of the performances, she wore a dress made to replicate a voting ballot, with Obama's box filled in. On Twitter, she encouraged her followers to vote for Obama. After Obama was re-elected, Perry tweeted her congratulations to him, saying "The people have the power! Proud to stand by you for 4 more years." In August 2013, Perry urged voters not to vote for Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott due to his opposition towards gay marriage. She has also mentioned her support of universal health care, saying "the fact that America doesn't have free health care drives me fucking absolutely crazy, and is so wrong."
Source: Wikipedia
Text from this biography licensed under creative commons license
Source: Wikipedia
Text from this biography licensed under creative commons license


text:
My adventures in and near Deep Canyon, located near Palm Desert, CA and the pinyon mountains near it.
Monday, January 30, 2012
Mountain scenes~Our World Tuesday~January 31, 2012
Sunday morning was crisp and clear. There were only a couple clouds in the sky and as I headed up the mountain to go work 4 of my horses, I stopped along the way and took these photos. The previous weekend, this area was covered with clouds, but it was clear Sunday and I could see all the way across the Coachella Valley. I'm always amazed by the beauty of these mountains and I love exploring them! Why do the weekends go so quickly???? Our World Tuesday for January 31, 2012. To stop by Our World Tuesday, please go to: http://ourworldtuesdaymeme.blogspot.com/
Sunday, January 29, 2012
House windows and door~Whimsical Windows and Delirious Doors~013012
I was driving around this morning after feeding the ducks at the park. There's a neighborhood up in Rancho Mirage, "The Cove" and I sometimes take a drive up there, admiring the houses and fences and landscaping. I drove by this house and then drove back to see the windows and arches. At some point in the not-too-near future (probably this summer), we're going to have to take down our wooden fence as it's leaning over badly and I'm afraid it might just blow over the next time we have a good wind, which could be in March. I found a couple of fence ideas this morning and I'm eager to show them to hubby so that we can plan what we are going to do with our fence. I really liked all the windows and door of this home. WW and DD for January 30, 2012. To visit WW&DD, please go to this link: http://iwishiwereaphotographer.blogspot.com/2012/01/whimsical-windows-delirious-doors-9.html
Thursday, January 26, 2012
fences in the fog~Friday Fences~January 27, 2012
mountain rainbow photos~SkyWatch Friday~January 27, 2012
You know, I never really know what kind of weather I'm going to encounter up in our local mountains. It can be clear on the desert floor, where I live, but be cloudy and windy and raining up on the mountains. Last weekend, this beautiful rainbow appeared and followed me on my way down the mountains. I stopped at several turnouts to take photos of it. It should be clear this weekend, so I won't see another one, at least for a while. SkyWatch Friday for January 27, 2012. To visit SWF, please go to : http://skyley.blogspot.com/
Wednesday, January 25, 2012
Mountain fog~Nature Notes~January 26, 2012
We don't get fog down here in the desert. I believe I could count on one hand the number of days that we've had fog in the last 30 years. However, when the clouds spill over the mountains and settle down, there is fog up there, like last weekend. I love to drive through it. Everything looks unfamiliar and strange. It's like being in a different world. (By the way, while I was driving through this fog, it was clear, but windy, in the desert). I could imagine getting tired of the fog day after day after day, but it is a real treat occasionally. Nature Notes for January 26, 2012. To visit Nature Notes, please go to: http://ramblingwoods.com/
Tuesday, January 24, 2012
Yuccas on the mountain
There are a lot of old yucca blossoms up on the mountain and last weekend, I drove down my favorite dirt road to view some. These three blossoms are last year's leftovers. Like many other ones, they are still standing tall. I see so many of them all along the highway. Yucca plants have these blossoms and also the fibers that you see in the top photo. I can't wait to see this year's blossoms!
Monday, January 23, 2012
The road down the mountain~Our World Tuesday~012412
It was an extremely windy day Saturday and as I was driving down the mountain, after feeding my horses an extra meal, the wind got stronger and stronger in some areas. Actually, it was windy all over the desert and mountains Saturday. These were some of the worst winds I've seen in 35+ years of desert living! And, the road DOWN the mountain was a real thrilling ride! Oh, boy! The wind was whirling up dust, but at one point, off toward Mt. San Jacinto, there was a gorgeous rainbow. The clouds were spilling over the mountains, but the desert below was clear (but still windy!). It was an unusual day! Our World Tuesday for January 25, 2012. These photos show my trip from about halfway down the mountain almost to the desert floor. I traveled from 4,000 feet down to 200 feet above sea level. To visit Our World Tuesday, please go to: http://ourworldtuesdaymeme.blogspot.com/
More photos of Saturday's clouds
We are recovering from Saturday's tremendous winds, but unfortunately another storm is moving in today, along with a high wind warning. I haven't been outside yet, but one of my outdoor cats is huddled against the door, begging to come inside! I may take a quick run up the highway after school to take more photos if the clouds are spilling over the mountains, like these.
Sunday, January 22, 2012
Blue jay~Sunday Stills Challenge~012212
We have a scrub jay who lives in our neighborhood and yes, I do feed him. He's been around now for nearly 3 years. He SHOULD be up in the pinyon forest of our local mountains, about 10 minutes away "as the crow flies". His relatives are up there and I see them all the time. He disappeared for a couple of weeks last spring and I figured he went to find a mate, but he returned. I fed him all summer, as the desert is very hot at 200 feet elevation. He now looks for me and when he sees my car drive up in the driveway in the afternoons, he waits for me at the front fence. I enjoy watching his antics, as you can see! He's around this morning already. Sometimes he's the first bird to come to the feeding stations, but on other mornings, he waits until the doves are done and then swoops in for his peanut, acorns, or black oil sunflower seeds. He's quite entertaining! Sunday Stills Challenge for January 22, 2012.
Saturday, January 21, 2012
Clouds on the mountain today~SOOC Sunday~012212 and Creative Exchange
I drove up the mountain today to go buy some pellets for my horses. I looked at the weather forecast for the next week and every night will be down in the 20's. They need some sweet feed and pellets in the afternoon so that they have extra calories to keep them warm at night and my supply was low. I really wasn't sure if I'd even make it up to the horse ranch today! It was so windy. I mean, it was windy enough to slam my car!!! The manzanitas were all moving, the pinyons were moving, dust was blowing across the road. It was BAD! I've been driving up that road now for 5 years and this is the WORST I've ever seen the wind! I just kept thinking that I'd turn around if it got too bad, but I made it. At the top of the hill there was fog and I could barely see. I took this phot on the way back down the hill after picking up 4 bags of pellets for the horses. They will need some tonight, for sure! SOOC Sunday for January 22, 2012. To visit SOOC, please go to: http://www.murrieta365.com/ and Creative Exchange for January 23, 2012. To visit Creative Exchange, please go to: http://www.the-creative-exchange.com/
The valley below
Sometimes, if there isn't a car behind me, I'll pull off onto one of the FEW turnouts up on Highway 74 and stop to take a couple of photos, like this one I took last weekend. The problem is that there just aren't many turnouts on this side of the road! There are several going up the mountain, but very few on the return route. I can only think of two and one of them, this one, has telephone wires in the view. I used my telefoto lens for this shot. Another problem is that when the farmers down in the Coachella Valley burn hay or straw to keep their crops from freezing, the sky is very hazy. It's already sprinkling down here in the valley this morning, but I'm going to head up the road later today. Snow is forecast for elevations above 7,000 feet, so I won't be running into any snow...that's for sure! That's looking down into the Coachella Valley. Joshua Tree National Park would be in the mountains all the way across the valley!
Thursday, January 19, 2012
Pinyon and clouds~SkyWatch Friday~012012
Pinyon pine and clouds over the pinyon forest last weekend. I never really know what the top of the mountain will be like and I enjoy seeing its many moods. SkyWatch Friday for January 20, 2012. To visit SkyWatch Friday, please go to: http://skyley.blogspot.com/
Cahuilla overlook~Nature Notes~January 19, 2012
Deep Canyon is slowing revealing her secrets to me. Last weekend, I stopped at the Cahuilla overlook and walked around and read the markers. I'm learning the differences between yuccas and agaves. The bottom photo is from the yucca family and it is the Mojave yucca. I've learned that yuccas have lots of white blossoms on them and they also have stringy fibers on them, but agaves don't. The agaves have different leaves, which are much larger and thicker than the yucca ones. Slowly, slowly, I'm learning more about this amazing environment, which is only 10 minutes from my house, which is on the desert floor. This environment is up at about 2,000 feet and occasionally gets snow, but not much this year. Nature Notes for January 19, 2012. To visit Nature Notes, please follow this link: http://ramblingwoods.com/ It is the 6th year for Nature Notes, so be sure you stop by and check it out!
Tuesday, January 17, 2012
Cahuilla Vista~Our World Tuesday~011712
The Cahuilla Vista is one of the main overlooks above Deep Canyon and I stopped there Sunday morning, on my way up to the horse ranch. I needed to do my "homework" for my horsemanship lessons and I was anxious to get to the ranch. However, it was such a beautiful morning, that I pulled into the overlook and walked around. There is a self-guided trail with many display signs and sometime I'll have to go back and photograph them all. The Cahuilla Indians lived in this area and used Deep Canyon to travel from the mountains to the desert. They harvested, cooked, and ate the pinyon nuts from the trees all along the canyon. These photos show just a small portion of the overlook. It was fairly windy up there on Sunday (and cold), so I'll return another day! Our World Tuesday for January 17, 2012. To visit OWT, please go to this link: http://ourworldtuesdaymeme.blogspot.com/
Monday, January 16, 2012
Had a good day yesterday driving up the mountain and working with my two mustangs on my horsemanship "homework"...getting them to flex and move off their front and hindquarters. Scout, my alpha mare, caught on very quickly. Cali, my loveable palomino, er, uh, huh? didn't really get what I wanted, so I'll need to work with her some more. It was a cold, cloudy, and slightly windy day yesterday, with a rain storm moving in. It finally got just too windy and cold for me, so I headed home. I drove up the mountain about 11:00, which is unusual. I usually go early in the morning, but we had breakfast with our daughter and son-in-law. They made croissants with Nutella and bananas. I didn't eat any bacon or eggs, but they also served fruit. Yummy! We are returning today for ebelskiver (round pancakes)! Here's a link so you can see them: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86bleskiver We also get to babysit the grandson today, so we may take him to the Living Desert Reserve to see the model trains!
Sunday, January 15, 2012
My lesson horse and trainer
Some of my followers have written me about my horses and asked questions. Well, now I'm taking horsemanship lessons myself! This is my wonderful trainer, Annette Garcia, of the Coachella Valley Mounted Rangers, and this is my lesson horse, Riley. He is a Missouri Foxtrotter and he lets kids from the recreation district brush and groom him, as well as pick up his feet! Man, I wish MY horses were like that!!! He is a wonderful, responsive, well-mannered horse and he is helping me to overcome my confidence issues. So is Annette, who is VERY patient with me. She gives private lessons and I'm going to take one now every Saturday morning. I took 3 lessons with her on my 3rd week off for winter break vacation and I had one lesson yesterday. Yesterday, after I did my compulsory exercises with Riley...head down, flexing, releasing the front and hindquarters, I got to lunge him in the round pen. I do lunge my own horses, but now I have other things to work on with them...like "head down" to get the halter on. I've just been reaching up..."DUH"...so, I need to work with all of them on this. I haven't had any real horse lessons myself since I was a kid, except for a few with my cousin, Valerie. So, for me, it's like learning all this basic horsemanship all over again. I hope to ride Riley soon and Annette wants me to ride him...GASP...bareback so that I can get my balance. YIKES! My hands are sweating just thinking about that!!! But, for me, it will be a first step back to riding after my fall nearly 3 years ago. I told her that I do now have balance issues (I think she saw that while I was lunging him...I stumble about the round pen like a drunken sailor!) (No offense to drunken sailors!)...It's just that I can't feel where my feet are and that isn't good. So, I'll do my best with patient Riley. By the way, hubby and I and my friend Barb and her partner went to see "War Horse" last night. Some mother took her young daughter to see it and I noticed that they ran out about halfway through the movie. No, it ISN'T a kids' movie. It's PG-13. There are some gruesome battle scenes which young kids really shouldn't see. I DID enjoy the movie, but...warning...take some tissues with you. And, please, if you can, donate to a horse rescue. There are 2 thoroughbreds who need funds right now to purchase them from a killer buyer from last night's Mike's Auction and the Southern California Thoroughbred Rescue is trying to find homes for them. Here is the link to them: http://www.sctbrescue.org/howyoucanhelp.htm One is a barely-three year old thoroughbred, Smooth in Public, who just didn't make it at the track. The other one is a nine year old gelding, Red Beach. Here's the link to their facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/Southern-California-Thoroughbred-Rescue/155169894561912. They only have until 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time today to purchase these two gelding from the killer buyer, or they will go to slaughter in Mexico...
Friday, January 13, 2012
Skies above Deep Canyon
Sometimes when I drive up through Deep Canyon, I get pleasant surprises, like on this morning. What else can I say? Just gorgeous!
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Graph-Easy documentation | view source | Contained in the Graph-Easy distribution. |
Graph::Easy::As_vcg - Generate VCG/GDL text from Graph::Easy object
use Graph::Easy; my $graph = Graph::Easy->new(); my $bonn = Graph::Easy::Node->new( name => 'Bonn', ); my $berlin = Graph::Easy::Node->new( name => 'Berlin', ); $graph->add_edge ($bonn, $berlin); print $graph->as_vcg();
This prints something like this:
graph: { node: { title: "Bonn" } node: { title: "Berlin" } edge: { sourcename: "Bonn" targetname: "Berlin" } }
contains just the code for converting a
Graph::Easy object to either a VCG
or GDL textual description.
Note that the generated format is compatible to GDL
aka Graph
Description Language.
Exports nothing.
Copyright (C) 2004-2008 by Tels http://bloodgate.com
See the LICENSE file for information.
Graph-Easy documentation | view source | Contained in the Graph-Easy distribution. |


text:
For golfers with an eye for scenery, it's always a great time to play in Oregon, a state famous for its craggy coastline, lush forests and the Cascade Mountains. However, September—generally one of the warmer, drier months—is especially... Read More September 18th, 2012 by Dan Wheeler
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text:
ST. LOUIS — Jake Westbrook sprang from the dugout in the ninth inning Wednesday, determined to finish what he started.
His St. Louis Cardinals teammates had provided him with a 10-0 lead and Westbrook, knowing he was at 100 pitches, didn't want to give manager Mike Matheny time to contemplate a change.
"He was making a statement," Matheny said. "I told him I was doubting him a little bit about being ready to go back out there. He was hopping in between pitches, too. He wanted to make sure he gave the appearance that he was ready to go, and he was."
Westbrook (1-1) dusted off Cincinnati with an 11-pitch ninth, recording his fourth career shutout and his first since Aug. 9, 2006, against the Los Angeles Angels when he was with Cleveland.
"It always means a lot when you can finish what you started," said Westbrook, who collected his 99th career victory. "That's kind of what you're looking for to do every time out. Obviously, you can't do it every time out, but you can have that goal and attempt to do it, strive for that. It's good to get that accomplished."
Westbrook, 35, allowed just five hits, walked four and struck out three. He recorded 17 ground-ball outs.
"I felt good," Westbrook said. "The ball was in the zone and was really moving a lot. I was getting ground balls, and that's good to see. I know when I'm good, I'm getting lots of ground balls."
Westbrook was coming off a 1-0 loss to the San Francisco Giants on Friday, when he allowed one unearned run in 6 2/3 innings. Westbrook threw 116 pitches against the Giants, a count that was driven higher because he issued six walks.
"I threw less pitches today than I did last start," he said. "That's what I told (Matheny): 'I've thrown less than last start, so I might as well keep going.' He let me do it, which was great. It's nice to see the confidence he has in me to be able to go out there and do that."
Westbrook said his ninth-inning sprint to the mound was mostly about his desire to speed up the game.
"I'm always trying to get out there and get my warmups in," he said. "I like the game to go quick. The quicker I get out there and get my warmups over with, the quicker the game can get back going."
Westbrook even chipped in with an RBI single in the seventh, part of an overwhelming 14-hit attack that was highlighted by home runs from Jon Jay, Carlos Beltran, Matt Adams and Matt Carpenter.
"That was huge," Westbrook said of the run support, nonexistent during his first assignment. "It lets me relax and actually be even more aggressive than I can be. It's awesome to see, the way we've exploded the last couple of nights."
After losing their home opener 13-4 on Monday when Cincinnati scored nine runs in the ninth, the Cardinals outscored the Reds 15-1 in taking the final two games.
"I think it's a great point about resiliency," Matheny said. "You've seen some teams and I've seen some teams have a couple of tough losses and not really know how to bounce back from those. You're just kind of wondering, 'Is this going to be a long run of some things not going our way?'
"But these guys are so beyond that. They have one of those days and they can't wait to get out and prove differently. They certainly showed a different brand the last two days. It's been encouraging all the way across the board. ... It's fun to watch."
Holliday's defense
Matt Holliday never has been known for his defensive proficiency and perhaps never will be, but the left fielder impressed Matheny on Tuesday when he chased down Brandon Phillips' sacrifice fly in the gap that appeared to have double written all over it.
"That could have been a huge turning point of that game," Matheny said Wednesday morning.
Instead, the Reds got just one run in the fourth inning and St. Louis overcame it with a 5-1 victory.
After the game Tuesday, Matheny said he never had seen Holliday cover as much ground as he did to pull down Phillips' drive. Matheny elaborated on Holliday's defense Wednesday.
"One, physically, he feels good. Two, just anticipation and the drive to get any ball in the air," he said. "I think a lot of it has to do with communication, too, where he picks up Jon and sees that's a ball he's not going to get."
Asked whether Holliday is making a concerted effort to be a better outfielder, Matheny demurred.
"I think he's just a professional who wants to excel at everything he does," Matheny said. "I've seen him work every year. I don't see anything different this year. He's feeling good, he's strong and he's always working at getting better. That's one area of his game he wants to get better --just like every other area."
Contact reporter David Wilhelm at firstname.lastname@example.com or 239-2665.


text:
Search results for : | konoha badzzch |
Topics linked your research : | konoha badzzch |
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Senju, Kyran BASIC INFORMATION. Name: Senju, Kyran Gender: Male Age: 14 Rank: Genin Complete Profile: Link! PLOTTING. Teams: • Kyran wouldn't mind a team as it would be some company with him also they could help him on missions. Also
Konoha Elections
Konohagakure no Sato Hokage Application With the current real life problems that the current Hokage is facing, it has now been decided that a one week application process will take place in order to find a new, decisive and active leader for
Sora, Toho -Konoha Jounin
Sora,Toho. THE INFO. Name: Sora, Toho Nickname: ~ Age: 25 Gender: Male Appearance: Spoiler: Toho is an average looking man in his mid-twenties that is a fair height of 5'9 standing from the ground with shoes on his feet. His build is more
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Peaceful day in Konoha ( open, NK )
Sanji walked through the bustling streets of Konoha's market sector, listening to the pitches of various merchants as they advertise their wares to passers by with limited interest. He looked around at the idyllic scene, rather pleased with just being abl
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Kakita, Tsubaki. THE INFO. Name: Kakita, Tsubaki Nickname: Age: 15 Gender: Female Appearance: Spoiler: The freshness of the morning air strikes you, a chill mist dampening the smell of the plants the surround you. The moss hidden under
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text:
By Martin Banks - 10th May 2012
My advice to them is stop your governments sending contributions to Brussels
Marta Andreasen
Agencies funded and operated by the EU have come under renewed spotlight after accounting 'errors' were found in three of them.
The three agencies are the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) and the Environment Agency, whose combined budget for last year came to some €137m.
Concern about the three was raised as MEPs debated the approval, or discharge as it is known, of the 2010 EU budget accounts in the mini plenary on Thursday.
MEPs adopted a report by Romanian EPP member Monica Macovei that the approval of the food agency's 2010 budget will be postponed.
A strongly worded resolution was adopted denouncing the alleged conflicts of interest that have plagued the agency.
A similar decision was taken on the approval of the 2010 budget of the medicines agency.
A European Court of Auditors report for the year 2010 states that the "error rate"- the term for the irregular use of funds- has grown by 3.7 per cent, or €4.6bn, for the EU budget as a whole.
Auditors say that 50 percent of the transactions they took as samples were "affected by errors".
On the EU agencies, one MEP, who did not wish to be named, said, "On the medicines agency the office chief left to lobby for a leading pharmaceutical firm.
"The food safety chief resigned over poor accounting and the environment agency head was under pressure for using €30,000 of EU funds for 'staff training sessions' in Caribbean and Mediterranean projects managed by an NGO, EarthWatch, whose advisory board she sat on.
"The 'green façade' project – putting plants around the exterior of her offices – in Copenhagen also totalled €300,000."
Initial comment came from British Tory MEP Marina Yannakoudakis who, speaking in the plenary, called for a "bonfire of EU quangoes".
She said this should include the Vilnius-based European Institute for Gender Equality which, she said, "has no added value".
"The institute is an expensive folly with a budget of €7m. It duplicates the work of member states, the work of the commission's DG employment, and – most shamefully of all – the work of another EU agency: the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights
"The British government, when faced with austerity promised a bonfire of the quangoes. Winding up advisory bodies and agencies in the UK is set to save the country over €2bn.
"The EU needs to light its own quango bonfire and where better to start than with the European Institute for Gender Equality?"
More reaction came from UKIP MEP Marta Andreasen who said, "This parliament's scrutiny powers over the financial management of the EU budget by the commission and the other EU institutions is the most important responsibility we hold as representatives of our citizens.
"They look to us to do the right thing. Yet year after year while the European Court of Auditors fails to give EU budget spending a clean bill of health, parliament has no problem giving it an overall stamp of approval.
"The growing number of agencies - from three in the year 2000 to 24 in the year 2010 - on which the commission seems to have little control and where internal control procedures are generally found to be deficient should merit serious analysis.
"Even their very existence should be put into doubt. This year three fell under the spotlight, last year it was other agencies, next year it will be doubtless be different agencies too.
"For taxpayers their EU budget contribution is going into pockets with holes in them. And nobody here seriously wants to mend them.
"My advice to them is stop your governments sending contributions to Brussels."
On the food agency, Nina Holland of Corporate Europe Observatory said, "This vote is a very important signal that conflicts of interests with industry are not acceptable. By postponing the approval of EFSA's budget, parliament has used its powers to tell EFSA to be serious about the links between its experts and staff on the one hand, and industry on the other.
"After all, EFSA is supposed to be 'the independent voice of science' guiding EU institutions. Despite EFSA's new rules, it is uncertain whether conflicts of interest will be adequately dealt with. The new rules are a considerable improvement, but they are not 100 per cent conflict-proof."


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Mar 04, 2014
Ten CIA grads talk about automotive design careers in three new videos
cia exhibition
Feb 14, 2014
2014 Student Independent Exhibition
Feb 28, 2014
Progressive acquires artwork by CIA instructor Dan Tranberg
cia exhibition
Mar 28, 2014
Dinner by Design Art of the Table, and a runway show
about 4 hours ago via Facebook
CIA congratulates Sreshta Rit Premnath 03, whose solo show at KANSAS GALLERY in New York City was a criticspick in the prestigious journal, Art Forum. Read the review here: http://ow.ly/utVXH
Feb 19, 2014
Photography major captures images on hand-blown glass
cia exhibition
Mar 28, 2014
The Accident: Recent Work by Nicky Nodjoumi
Feb 14, 2014
Glass major wins award in Niche magazine competition
Apr 22, 2014 @ Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland in Cleveland, OH
2014 Spring Design Show
Mar 11, 2014
3/13-17: Ikiru, To the Wonder, Escape from Tomorrow & more!
Aug 20, 2013
CIA named one of the "Best in the Midwest"
cia exhibition
Apr 22, 2014
CIA Spring Runway Show
Academics . Foundation . Courses
Writing + Inquiry I: Basic Composition + Contemporary Ideas
Course No. LLC101 Credits: 3.0
Faculty Daniel Tranberg | Jonathan Rosati | Joyce Kessler | Katherine Clark | Kevin Risner | Mark Bassett | Olatubosun Ogunsanwo
A composition-intensive course that emphasizes basic composition skills, while introducing basic research and documentation skills. Along with cultivating the concomitant skills in critical reading and thinking, this course also introduces an explicitly theoretical approach to contemporary culture. Twenty pages of student expository writing will be required. Offered fall.
Running into trouble with your iPad? Submit an inquiry by clicking here, and CIA's IT department will get back to you with a solution!
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Professor/Chair of the Foundation Environment
Petra Soesemann is a Professor and Chair of the Foundation Environment. In 2009 she was granted a year-long sa...more
While at CIA, you'll learn from the masters through our rigorous, world-class curriculum and connect with working professionals to begin your career.


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Kitsap Transit won't offer services on Memorial Day
Kitsap Transit will not run bus routes, ACCESS services or staff their offices May 31, Memorial Day.
In addition to the buses, the Kitsap Transit Foot Ferry will not operate, although some vanpools may. Next-day reservations will not be taken May 30, however reservation lines will be open May 31 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. to schedule next-day trips.
We encourage an open exchange of ideas on this story's topic, but we ask you to follow our guidelines for respecting community standards. Personal attacks, inappropriate language, and off-topic comments may be removed, and comment privileges revoked, per our Terms of Use. Please see our FAQ if you have questions or concerns about using Facebook to comment.
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Current CRNA Nursing Jobs in Rhode IslandCollected from around the web, these are some of the most recently posted Rhode Island CRNA Nursing employment opportunities. Most recently posted CRNA Nursing Jobs 1 - 10: Certified RN Anesthetistby: University of Utah in Salt Lake City, UTCRNA ); current registered nurse licensure in the state of Utah; and demonstrated human relation and effective communication skills required. The CRNA... CRNA / AA-Cby: Gundersen Health System in La Crosse, WIhealth professionals, CRNAs/AA-Cs are responsible and accountable for their practice. CRNA/AA-C practice... support techniques. CRNAs/AA-Cs practice according to... CRNA-SMC ANESTHESIA Jobby: Centura Health in Pueblo, firstname.lastname@example.com Position Description The CRNA administers any number of agents (anesthesia) to... Two years experience as CRNA including epidurals... Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)by: Department of Veterans Affairs in San Antonio, TXAs a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) you will deliver comprehensive anesthesia care in the... anesthesia care. The CRNA should also have basic... CERTIFIED REGISTERED NURSE ANESTHETISTby: University of Washington in Seattle, WAa motivated and skilled CRNA to provide full service... the Medical Director of Anesthesia Services, the CRNA directs and monitors safe and efficient anesthesia... Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist / Instructorby: Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, TXRegistration Required: Certification as a Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) from he National Board of Certification & Recertification for Nurse Anesthetists... CRNAby: Treasure Valley Anesthesia in , ORAll CRNA group looking to fill a position from 7-2, Monday thru Friday. No nights, no weekends, No call no holidays. Need to be able to work independently... CRNA-Anesthesiology Jobby: Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, AZCRNA) performs clinical anesthesia duties and takes appropriate responsibility for direct patient care and for on-call as assigned. The CRNA prioritizes... CRNA (SJ Surgery Center - Anesthesia Contingent/Varies)by: St John Health in Saint Clair Shores, MIDescription St. John Providence Health System St. John Providence Health System is a member of Ascension Health, the largest not-for-profit Catholic Health... Certified Nurse Anesthetistby: University of Chicago Medicine in Chicago, ILseeking the following: Certified Nurse Anesthetist In this key role, the CRNA provides patient care and support throughout the perioperative period. This... |
Find CRNA Nursing Jobs in Rhode Island Cities:Rhode Island Counties
Kent Newport Providence Washington |


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Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Friday assured the DMK that he would talk to External Affairs Minister of his government, S.M. Krishna, on Sri Lanka and take due steps to support a resolution to be moved by the US, France and Norway against Sri Lanka in the UNHRC for 'human rights violations.'The PM gave the assurance when DMK Parliamentary Party leader T.R. Baalu met Dr. Singh and presented a memorandum containing the DMK's resolution passed recently in this regard. "The party told the Prime Minister, reiterating DMK president M. Karunanidhi's statement, that the DMK will not compromise anything less than a full support of the resolution (against Sri Lanka)," Indian English daily The Hindu quoted Mr. Baalu as saying.In a statement issued in Chennai, Karunanidhi had urged India not to back Sri Lanka at the UNHRC meeting.-Eelam Nation-
Colombo, Sri Lanka Local Weather


text: Mendocino Coast Horseback RidingTrail rides on the beach and in redwood forests!Join a group or reserve a private trail ride at: 10:00am, Noon, 2:00pm, or 4:00pm. English or Western horses for all experience levels, from total beginner to the very advanced. Also available are 3 hour, 4 hour and All Day rides either on Ten Mile Beach, in the Redwood Forest, or both. Call for Reservations 707-964-7669 |


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The Leading eBooks Store Online
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Still Life with Brook Trout
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In Still Life with Brook Trout, John Gierach demonstrates once again that fishing, when done right, is as much a philosophical pursuit as a sport. Gierach travels to Wyoming and Maine and points in between, searching out new fly-fishing adventures and savoring familiar waters with old friends. Along the way he meditates on the importance of good guides ("Really, the only thing a psychiatrist can do that a good guide can't is write prescriptions"), the challenge of salmon fishing ("Salmon prowl. If they're not here now, they could be here in half an hour. Or tomorrow. Or next month"), and the zen of fishing alone ("I also enjoy where my mind goes when I'm fishing alone, which is usually nowhere in particular and by a predictable route"). On a more serious note, he ponders the damaging effects of disasters both natural and man-made: drought, wildfires, and the politics of dam-building, among others.
Reflecting on a trip to a small creek near his home, Gierach writes, "In my brightest moments, I think slowing down...has opened huge new vistas on my old home water. It's like a friendship that not only lasts, but gets better against the odds." Similarly, Still Life with Brook Trout proves that Gierach, like fly-fishing itself, becomes deeper and richer with time. less


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Historian's Presentation Address Women in History
NEW PALTZ -- Lena Orlin will conduct a slide show, "Gertrude's Closet," about women's roles in early modern European culture at the State University of New York at New Paltz on April 2, beginning at 7:30 p.m. in LC 100.
Orlin is the executive director of the Shakespeare Association of America and Research Professor of History at the University of Maryland. She is the author of "Private Matters and Public Culture in Post-Reformation England," the editor of "Elizabethan Households: An Anthology," and has published many articles in scholarly journals and book collections. She has also held fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities and Center for Visual Arts at the National Gallery in Washington, D.C. Orlin received her doctorate from the University of North Carolina.
Orlin will also lead a faculty workshop with Carole Levin, a member of the history faculty, on the topic of publishing and applying for grants in the humanities. It will take place April 3 in the Honors Center, College Hall from 10 to 12 a.m.
Orlin's presentations are sponsored by the departments of history and English, the Office of the Dean of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the Honors Program, Phi Alpha Theta and the History Club.
Located in the heart of a dynamic college town, 90 minutes from metropolitan New York City, the State University of New York at New Paltz is a highly selective college of about 8,000 undergraduate and graduate students.
One of the most well-regarded public colleges in the nation, New Paltz delivers an extraordinary number of majors in Business, Liberal Arts, Sciences, Engineering, Fine and Performing Arts and Education.
New Paltz embraces its culture as a community where talented and independent minded people from around the world create close personal links with real scholars and artists who love to teach.


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Body Building Tips for Beginners
Check with a doctor if you have any medical condition before starting any exercise program. Get dumbbells and barbells at your home / office or Choose proper well equipped gym. Keep long term goal in mind. Body building is not 1 month affair. Always Warm up before doing weight training. Learn Proper exercise form. Keep […] Read more


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St. Joseph's Children's Hospital First in Tampa Bay to Implant Pulmonary Valve Without Open-Heart Surgery
St. Joseph's Children's Hospital is among a small number of facilities in the country to offer the less-invasive procedure for valve replacement.
TAMPA, Fla., June 9, 2011 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- When cardiologists at St. Joseph's Children's Hospital told 21-year-old Adam Romano that he needed to have his pulmonary valve replaced, the diagnosis was not a surprise. Born with the congenital heart defect Tetralogy of Fallot, Adam underwent open-heart surgery when he was 2 years old and his family has anticipated the need for another open-heart surgery for the past decade.
(Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20110609/DC17279)
But thanks to the use of an innovative medical device at St. Joseph's Children's Hospital, Adam didn't need another incision to repair his heart. He was one of the first patients in Tampa to receive the Melody® Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve. After inserting a catheter into a vein in the groin, Dr. Jeremy Ringwald, a pediatric cardiologist at St. Joseph's Children's Hospital, guided the Melody valve up to Adam's heart and secured it over the leaky pulmonary valve.
The Melody valve, from Medtronic, is the first medical device of its kind to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The valve replaces narrow or leaky pulmonary valve conduits – tubes connecting the heart to the lungs – in children or adults who've previously undergone corrective congenital heart defect surgery.
"Children born with blocked or leaky heart valves often undergo multiple open-heart surgeries before reaching adulthood to replace conduits that have worn out or that they've outgrown," said Dr. Ringwald. "This new transcatheter technology can lengthen the amount of time until a patient needs an additional surgery, with the goal of prolonging it as long as possible."
According to Dr. Ringwald, the Melody valve procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia in less than two hours, and unlike open-heart procedures, patients are often discharged from the hospital within 24-48 hours.
Stacy Romano, Adam's mother, who vividly remembers spending weeks at the hospital after her son's open-heart surgery 19 years ago, is amazed at his speedy recovery.
"Adam was home two days after the procedure, and within no time, he was back to being an active, normal young man," said Romano. "I know firsthand that this would not be the case if he had open-heart surgery."
St. Joseph's Children's Hospital has one of the largest pediatric cardiovascular programs in the Southeast and is a regional referral center for pediatric heart surgery and the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects before and after birth. For more information on the Melody® Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve and whether it is a treatment option for you or your child, please call (813) 443-2046.
SOURCE St. Joseph's Children's Hospital
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" Bisphenol-A, or BPA, just can't stay out of the headlines these days… … This chemical with documented estrogenic properties is manufactured at global volume of six billion pounds a year. It's introduced into the food and water supply of the planet, and is found in the bodies of almost everyone. Exposure to this chemical is linked to asthma and other health problems. Though this is a complex issue of public health, science, and policy, Molly Rauch asks: What's wrong with the system? Why don't our regulations prioritize the prevention of chronic health problems due to massive exposures to questionable chemicals? "
Read Regulate BPA out the Door, by Molly Rauch, 06 March 2013
More about BPA - Endocrine Disruptors - Pesticides - Phthalates


text: 000 SHUS63 KMWI 162019 FWNFSD Weather Information Management System (WIMS) USDA National Information Technology Center (KMWI) 16-MAR-14 20:19:37 GMT FCST/TRND commands processed for FSD. FCST,132201,140317,13,1,60,31,1,1,S,14, ,60,28,78,30,0,0,N Error: Station/Zone ID not valid in the WIMS catalog. ERROR: FCST/TRND command contained errors. NWS Forecast contains invalid data. FCST,216901,140317,13,1,50,50,1,1,S,15, ,52,26,92,47,0,0,N BTFCST: Command completed FCST,395901,140317,13,1,66,28,1,1,S,13, ,67,34,85,27,0,0,N BTFCST: Command completed End of WIMS Bulletin @ 16-MAR-14 20:19:37 GMT


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SummarySince its discovery as an adipocyte-secreted hormone, leptin has been found to impact food intake, energy homeostasis, and metabolism through its effects on the central nervous system and peripheral organs. Recent research indicates that leptin may also be involved in cognition, immune function, and bone metabolism. These findings place leptin at the intersection of neuroendocrinology and metabolism, and possibly immune function, and render it an appealing therapeutic target for several niche areas of unmet clinical need. Current evidence regarding classic and emerging roles of leptin as well as the pros and cons of its potential clinical use are summarized herein.
Summary | Full Text | PDF (502 kb) - Obesity and leptin resistance: distinguishing cause from effect
Obesity and leptin resistance: distinguishing cause from effect
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 21, Issue 11, 1 November 2010, Pages 643-651
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AbstractBecause leptin reduces food intake and body weight, the coexistence of elevated leptin levels with obesity is widely interpreted as evidence of 'leptin resistance.' Indeed, obesity promotes a number of cellular processes that attenuate leptin signaling (referred to here as 'cellular leptin resistance') and amplify the extent of weight gain induced by genetic and environmental factors. As commonly used, however, the term 'leptin resistance' embraces a range of phenomena that are distinct in underlying mechanisms and pathophysiological implications. Moreover, the induction of cellular leptin resistance by obesity complicates efforts to distinguish the mechanisms that predispose to weight gain from those that result from it. We suggest a framework for approaching these issues and important avenues for future investigation.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (343 kb) - Gene-transfer technology: a preventive neurotherapy to curb obesity, ameliorate metabolic syndrome a...
Gene-transfer technology: a preventive neurotherapy to curb obesity, ameliorate metabolic syndrome and extend life expectancy
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AbstractLeptin insufficiency at crucial target sites in the hypothalamic circuitries that integrate energy intake and expenditure underlies abnormal rates of fat accumulation. The payload of this 'fat burden' is metabolic syndrome, a cluster of life-threatening metabolic afflictions, and a shorter lifespan. Currently available therapies employed to combat obesity have disadvantages such as poor compliance for lifestyle modification or transient effectiveness and undesirable side-effects of pharmacological interventions. Recent studies suggest that neurotherapy comprising a single central administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector encoding the leptin gene severely depletes fat and ameliorates the major symptoms of metabolic syndrome for extended periods in rodents. These persistent benefits avert the deleterious impact of the 'fat burden' and extend life expectancy. Thus, the novel approach of central gene-transfer technology has distinct advantages over current therapies and has the potential to correct or slow the progression of inherited or acquired hypothalamic diseases.
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Cell Metabolism, Volume 9, Issue 1, 52-63, 7 January 2009
Add/View Comments (0)A Mathematical Model of Murine Metabolic Regulation by Leptin: Energy Balance and Defense of a Stable Body Weight
Joshua Tam1, 2, Dai Fukumura1 and Rakesh K. Jain1, ,
1 Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
2 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- We have developed a physiologically based mathematical model, with parameters derived from published experimental data, to simulate the regulatory effects of the leptin pathway on murine energy homeostasis. Model outcomes are consistent with data reported in the literature and reproduce key characteristics of the energy regulatory system, including compensatory responses that counteract changes in body weight and the failure of this ability when the leptin pathway is disrupted. Our model revealed the possibility of multiple steady states for body weight. It also provided a unified theoretical framework for two historically antagonistic hypotheses regarding body weight regulation ("set-point" versus "settling point"). Finally, our model has identified potential avenues for future investigations.


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Cruz Regrets Getting Too Close To Salma
PENELOPE CRUZ regrets grabbing pal SALMA HAYEK's backside during a recent photo shoot, because it sparked stories the friends were actually lesbians.
The Spanish star insists she was sick with the flu and a little delirious when she let her hand linger on Hayek's butt at a press conference for their new film BANDITAS.
She says, "I grabbed Salma's a** just to keep things moving, because everyone was a little slow. And, of course, the energy changed when I did that.
"There are magazine covers in Mexico describing us as these lesbians because of that. A lot of people were saying we were lovers."
29/04/2005 02:48


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Lipid rafts: inhibitors of endocytosis of botulinum neurotoxin
Authors: Petro, Kimberly A.1; Schengrund, Cara‐Lynne2
Source: The Botulinum J., Volume 1, Number 4, March 2010 , pp. 358-374(17)
Publisher: Inderscience Publishers
Methyl‐ß‐cyclodextrin (MßCD) was used to extract cholesterol from plasma membranes of N2a murine neuroblastoma cells. MßCD‐disruption of lipid rafts enhanced cleavage of SNAP‐25 by BoNT/A, axonogenesis, expression of gangliosides GM1 and GD1a, association of GM1 with the nucleus, and exo‐ and endo‐cytosis. Analysis of endocytosis of an anti‐synaptotagmin I monoclonal antibody that recognised part of the protein found on the luminal surface of synaptic vesicles indicated that it was taken up more readily by MßCD‐treated cells, supporting the hypothesis that enhanced exocytosis of synaptic vesicles provided more SV2 on the cell surface thereby making more available for toxin binding.Keywords: Biosciences and Bioinformatics; HEALTHCARE AND BIOSCIENCES; Healthcare and Medical Engineering
Document Type: Research Article
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/TBJ.2010.039112
Affiliations: 1: Bio-Rad Life Science Group, 5353 La Jolla Blvd. #33, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. 2: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Publication date: March 1, 2010
- The objectives of The Botulinum Journal are to disseminate knowledge, provide a learned reference in the field, and establish channels of communication amongst academic, medical, and public health research experts, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry, policy makers and executives in industry, commerce and investment institutions. The Botulinum Journal will provide a forum to exchange scholarly ideas relevant to health, science, application, and regulatory issues related to the botulinum neurotoxin and Clostridium botulinum.
- In this: publication
- By this: publisher
- By this author: Petro, Kimberly A. ; Schengrund, Cara‐Lynne


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