text:
Natural farming
Natural farming is an ecological farming approach established by Masanobu Fukuoka (1913–2008), a Japanese farmer and philosopher who described his way of farming as 自然農法 (shizen nōhō) in Japanese.[1] It is also referred to as "the Fukuoka Method", "the natural way of farming" or "do-nothing farming". The title refers not to lack of labor, but to the avoidance of manufactured inputs and equipment. Natural farming can also be described as ecological farming and is related to fertility farming, organic farming, sustainable agriculture, agroforestry, ecoagriculture and permaculture but should be distinguished from biodynamic agriculture.
The system exploits the complexity of living organisms that shape each particular ecosystem. Fukuoka saw farming not just as a means of producing food but as an aesthetic or spiritual approach to life,[2] the ultimate goal of which was, "the cultivation and perfection of human beings".[3] He suggested that farmers could benefit from closely observing local conditions.[4] Natural farming is a closed system, one that demands no inputs and mimics nature.[5]
Fukuoka's ideas challenged conventions that are core to modern agro-industries, instead promoting an environmental approach.[6] Natural farming also differs from conventional organic farming,[7] which Fukuoka considered to be another modern technique that disturbs nature.[8]
Fukuoka claimed that his approach prevents water pollution, biodiversity loss and soil erosion while still providing ample amounts of food.[9]
Fukuoka distilled natural farming into five principles:[10]
- No tillage
- No fertilizer
- No pesticides (or herbicides)
- No weeding
- No pruning
Though many of his plant varieties and practices relate specifically to Japan, and even to local conditions in subtropical western Shikoku, his philosophy and the governing principles of his farming systems have been applied from Africa to the temperate northern hemisphere. In India, natural farming is often referred to as "Rishi Kheti".[11][12]
Principally, natural farming minimises human labour and adopts, as closely as practical, nature's production of foods such as rice, barley, daikon or citrus in biodiverse agricultural ecosystems. Without plowing, seeds germinate well on the surface if site conditions meet the needs of the seeds planted there. Fukuoka used the presence of spiders in his fields as a key performance indicator of sustainability.[citation needed]}
The ground always remains covered by weeds, white clover, alfalfa, herbaceous legumes, and sometimes deliberately sown herbaceous plants. Ground cover is present along with grain, vegetable crops and orchards. Chickens run free in orchards and ducks and carp populate rice fields.[13]
Periodically ground layer plants including weeds may be cut and left on the surface, returning their nutrients to the soil, while suppressing weed growth. This also facilitates the sowing of more seeds in the same area.[how?]
For summer rice and winter barley grain crops, ground cover enhances nitrogen fixation. Straw from the previous crop mulches the topsoil. Each grain crop is sown before the previous one is harvested by broadcasting the seed among the standing crop. Later, this method was reduced to a single direct seeding of clover, barley and rice over the standing heads of rice.[14] The result is a denser crop of smaller but highly productive and stronger plants.
Fukuoka's practice and philosophy emphasised small scale operation and challenged the need for mechanised farming techniques for high productivity, efficiency and economies of scale. While his family's farm was larger than the Japanese average, he used one field of grain crops as a small-scale example of his system.
Climax ecosystems[edit]
In ecology, climax ecosystems are mature ecosystems that have reached a high degree of stability, productivity and diversity (see old-growth forest). Natural farmers attempt to mimic those virtues, thus creating a comparable ecosystem, and employ such advanced techniques as intercropping, companion planting and integrated pest management.[citation needed]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2012) |
Natural farming recognizes soils as a fundamental natural asset. Ancient soils possess physical and chemical attributes which render them capable of generating and supporting life abundance. It can be argued that tilling actually degrades the delicate balance of a climax soil in the following ways:
1. Tilling may destroy crucial physical characteristics of a soil such as water suction, its ability to send moisture upwards, even during dry spells. The effect is due to pressure differences between soil areas. For more on this subject see water potential. Furthermore, tilling most certainly destroys soil horizons and hence disrupts the established flow of nutrients. Reportedly, a study suggests that reduced tillage preserves the crop residues on the top of the soil, allowing organic matter to be formed more easily and hence increasing the total organic carbon and nitrogen when compared to conventional tillage. The increases in organic carbon and nitrogen increase aerobic, facultative anaerobic, and anaerobic bacteria populations.[15]
2. Tilling over-pumps oxygen to local soil residents, such as bacteria and fungi. As a result, the chemistry of the soil changes. Biological decomposition accelerates and the microbiota mass increases at the expense of other organic matter, adversely affecting most plants, including trees and vegetables. It is well-known to gardeners and farmers that for plants to thrive, a certain quantity of organic matter (around 5%) must be present in the soil.
3. Tilling uproots all the plants in the area, turning their roots into food for bacteria and fungi. This damages their ability to aerate the soil. Living roots drill millions of tiny holes in the soil and thus provide oxygen. They also create room for beneficial insects and annelids (the phylum of worms). Some types of roots contribute directly to soil fertility by funding a mutualistic relationship with certain kinds of bacteria (most famously the rhizobium) that can fix nitrogen.
Besides no tillage, Fukuoka also advocated that there should not be any change in the natural landscape. This idea differs significantly from some recent permaculture practice that focuses on permaculture design, which may involve the change in landscape. For example, Sepp Holzer, an Austrian permaculture farmer, advocates the creation of terraces on slopes to control soil erosion. Fukuoka avoided the creation of terraces in his farm, even though terraces were common in China and Japan in his time. Instead, he prevented soil erosion by simply growing trees and shrubs on slopes.
Fertility farming[edit]
In his book, "Fertility Farming," Newman Turner (1913-1964), who raised animals as well as grew crops in Yorkshire England, advocated the practice of cover crop, no tillage, no chemical fertilizers, no pesticides, no weeding, no composting.[16] Although Turner was a commercial farmer and he did not practice random seeding of seed balls, the major principles of his fertility farming and natural farming are essentially very similar. In addition, Turner also advocated raising animals according to the natural way.
Nature farming[edit]
Another Japanese farmer and philosopher Mokichi Okada, conceived of a "no fertilizer" farming system in the 1930s which predated Fukuoka. Okada used the same Japanese characters,[17] which are generally translated in English as "nature farming". Agriculture researcher Hu-lian Xu claims that "nature farming" is the correct literal translation of the Japanese term.[17]
External links[edit]
- Video "How to do Masanobu Fukuoka's natural farming."
- Video "Masanobu Fukuoka Makes Seed Balls"
- Video "fukuoka style seed balls for no till farming"
See also[edit]
- ^ 1975 (Japanese) 自然農法-わら一本の革命 (English) 1978 re-presentation The One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming.
- ^ Linking foresight and sustainability: An integral approach Joshua Floyd, Kipling Zubevich Strategic Foresight Program and National Centre for Sustainability, Swinburne University of Technology
- ^ Agriculture: A Fundamental Principle, Hanley Paul. Journal of Bahá'í Studies Vol. 3, number 1, 1990.
- ^ 'The centrality of agriculture: between humankind and the rest of nature' by Duncan, Colin Adrien MacKinley. McGill Universities Libraries, Mar 1996.
- ^ Trees on Organic Farms, Mirret, Erin Paige. North Carolina State University, 2001
- ^ People And Environment: Development For The Future. Edited by Stocking, Michael University of East Anglia, Morse, Stephen University of East Anglia. Routledge, 1995.
- ^ Participating in Nature: Thomas J. Elpel's Field Guide to Primitive Living Skills by Elpel, Thomas J. Nov 1, 2002
- ^ What Does Natural Farming Mean? by Toyoda, Natsuko
- ^ Sustainable Agricultural Education: An Experiential Approach to Shifting Consciousness and Practices. Reddy, Priya . Prescott College of Environmental Studies, December 2010
- ^ From the Ground Up: Rethinking Industrial Agriculture by Helena Norberg-Hodge, Peter Goering, John Page, International Society for Ecology and Culture
- ^ "Masanobu Fukuoka: The man who did nothing By Malvika Tegta" "DNA Daily News and Analysis". "Published: Sunday, Aug 22, 2010, 2:59 IST". "Place: Mumbai", India. (Retrieved 1 December 2010)
- ^ "Natural farming succeeds in Indian village By Partap C Aggarwal" in the 1980s Satavic Farms (India), "Slowly, bit by bit, we found ourselves close to what is called 'natural farming', pioneered in Japan by Masanobu Fukuoka. At Rasulia we called it 'rishi kheti' (agriculture of the sages)."
- ^ 1975 (Japanese) 自然農法-わら一本の革命 (English) 1978 re-presentation The One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming
- ^ Fukuoka, Masanobu. "The Natural Way of Farming". Translated by Frederic P. Metreaud. Japan Publications, 1985, p. 170.
- ^ Sylvia, D.M., Fuhrmann, J.J., Hartel, P.G., and Zuberer D.A. (1999). Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 39–41. ISBN 0-130459991-8 Check
value (help). - ^ Newman Turner (1951). Fertility Farming. Faber and Faber Limited. ISBN 978-1601730091.
- ^ a b Xu, Hui-Lian (2001). NATURE FARMING In Japan (Monograph). T. C. 37/661(2), Fort Post Office, Trivandrum - 695023, Kerala, India.: Research Signpost. ISBN 81-308-0111-6. Retrieved 6 March 2011.


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Nothing much to say, im your.average college gamer who happens to spend a bit too much time on teh internetz and decided to finally fill up this damn thing. I like watching crappy horror movies, going out every now and then, random manga series, playing piano, reading, and more boring stuff like that.
ANYWAYS YEAH, VIDEOGAMES!!. Zelda is my favorite franchise ever, and yeah, im a Nintendo fanboy, lolz. Still, I do like playing both 360 and ps3 games, even if i think that Sony was created by Satan. Im a music kind of guy, so i love stuff like Guitarooman, Parappa, DJ MAX, Ouendan and EBA, even if it makes my fingers scream and my ds screen cry in pain. Clever games like Portal and Bioshock (Well, 1 and Infinite) should be done way more often than they are, and Reggie Fils-Aime is an obnoxious douchebag in my humble opinion, unlike corgis, which are awesome.
So yeah! That pretty much sumaryzes my stand about videogames (and corgis), so i will stop here. Tnx and gratz for venturing into my profile and reading this awefully written wall of text. <3
Following (2)
Generic First Blog: A sleepless Gamer Ramblings About PC and Console Gaming!
on 09.04.2013
Because it's not like I should be sleeping or anything.
So hello, whoever is actually reading this, and welcome! Welcome. to what probably will be marked in your memory as the most uninteresting and worthless first blog you have ever read! It's 7 am in the morning and I can't sleep, got no classes today, and LoL servers appear to be down at the moment, so I honestly have nothing better to do. Besides I have never done anything remotely close to writing a blog, so hey, why not?
But then there's the issue of what should I write about, and since I'm writing this on the fly and I have never even dared to lurk the blog section (Assuming there is one and that is its actual name), I have no clue what people usually write about, so I will just talk about something that I have noticed to slowly begin to happen within me; My inner console gamer is dying. : (
The Death of a Console Gamer and The Birth of a PC Gamer.
It happens slowly, without you noticing, or at least It did for me. I have been a console gamer all my life; From the NES to the PS3, Wii and 360, I had always been happy with whatever the console market delivered without paying attention to what the PC offered. My mind simply felt no urge to play Age of Empires or The Sims when I had things like Zelda, Final Fantasy, Street Fighter and many more right next to my TV, and without the intimidating idea (at least for my younger self) of having to operate a... dun dun dun... COMPUTAR1!!.
But then something weird began to happen. I don't know if I should blame it on me growing up and naturally focusing more on the social aspects of the games I played or starting to become more tech savvy, but I started looking at PC games more. Not that much besides World of Warcraft, but that was everything that sneaky bastard known as PC gaming needed in order to lure me to abandon my beloved consoles and join the dark side. Filled with sorrow, tears and neglect, my consoles suffered (well, except my Wii, I will always play Smash Bros, I'll never stop being a tourneyfag at heart) while a totally badass resto shaman known as Atemz rose to power and healed its way through Icecrown Citadel and Ulduar, and by that point there is no turning back.
I obviously do still own consoles and therefore play console games every now and then, but for every Bioshock Infinite or Portal 2 (Which are also available on PC, anyways), I had played around a bajillion hours of League of Legends or Rouge Legacy, among other games. Yup, that is the actual number.
Well, not really. I am no Michael Patcher (yay), but I will always believe it is more convenient to just plug in a $200 console to the TV and just play, as opposed to buying a $600 (or more) machine, making sure the hardware it has meets the game requirements, and installing games, specially for technologically impaired parents that just wanna give their little kids the new Halo or Call of Duty game so they shut up. You also have to take into consideration the fact that as long as companies like Nintendo are around, that means that consoles are bound to be present in one way or another, and Nintendo has enough money to be around for a very, very long time. That said, I think, based on personal experience and lack of sleep, that more and more people will keep flocking to the PC side, especially with those tasty, tasty 75% Steam discounts, along with the ridiculous amounts of indie games and customization options that the PC brings to its other games. Why would I rush for a 3 day midnight release line to pick a PS4 or an Xbox One (lol) when my computer can already run things like Watchdogs and most games are also coming out on PC nowadays? Besides, I have to get to platinum on LoL before Halloween!
To sum it up and end my rambling, while i'm pretty sure that i will continue to be playing console games in some way or another (mainly Smash Bros or Street Fighter), when you compare it to this past gen, I don't see any reason as a gamer to get anything else besides a capable a PC and a Wii-U (since i'm pretty sure I will need one in order to play Zelda). From the look of it, Microsoft and Sony sure have a lot of work to do if they want to succeed this coming generation.


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Join ConceptArt.Org.
Its' free and it takes less than 1 minute!
Its' free and it takes less than 1 minute!
Challenges of the week give artists the opportunity to create new and fantastic art based on a weekly theme set by the challenge moderators. They are also a great place to develop core skills.
Being featured on ConceptArt.org can get your artwork viewed by millions of artists a month including big industry leaders.
START! your journey here. This first presentation... Read more | FAQ
Workshop | Stage | Assignments |
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Hey Everyone
I'm Nuno, I'm from Portugal and this will be my sketch corner.
Hope all of you comment and like my work
Have fun.
For now:
Environment WIP:
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Last edited by Raminhos; November 5th, 2012 at 08:19 PM.
nice start! those thumbnails looks sweet, cant wait to see em fleshed out!
Have a good night
Off to a nice start mate !
Now maybe you could do a couple of studies from life or pictures
Practice makes perfect.
Passion and dedication cleanse the mind.
My portfolio : http://cargocollective.com/exphrasis...81/Concept-Art
Sketchbook: conceptart.org/forums/showthread.php?p=3270390#post3270390
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Thank you Geoffrey, yes, I'll post in near days some anatomy studies
Until there.. here is something I draw today, I need to study the light reactions and shape
here's some Rocks I made
Hey there
Here's a Wip of a landscape I'm studying
Update #1
Update #2
Last edited by Raminhos; November 9th, 2012 at 08:46 PM.
Some Torso Sketchs
Hello Raminhos i like your drawings.
Post moar sketches dammit! Post thumbnails! Do thumbnails!! DO IIIIIIIT
and pay your dues
CA Sketchbook
My art blog
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Hi! Nice SB Raminhos, don't forget to practice gestures too. Also, check out Proko TV on youtube for videos on head construction.
Keep truckin'!


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Georgia Bulldogs
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As a Recruit: Bostick was recruited from Plant (Tampa, FL) class of 2013. He committed to Georgia on 8/13/2012. He was recruited by Todd Grantham , Bryan McClendon .
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WolfTigerRosebud -
3 stars for effort
Bob's really struggling in this show. Poor guy. To his credit, he went on and played, despite a recent loss. Sounds like a real fight to get to the end of the show. Shows where Jerry's obviously been smoking speedballs, or shows in which the band sounds bad in a sad way like this always make me feel bad. I don't think this show was merely an off night. It sounds painful.
The pendulum really swung wide for the Dead; no other music makes me feel teary-eyed joy like they do, and no other band manages to sound as worn out and sad as they do (and no other band can do both at the same time like they can, either).
funky avocado -
Poor Bobby?
Jerry seems a bit more focused and comfortable with his songs than the prior night but Bobby just can't get it together. He can't remember lyrics(El Paso, ouch!), his voice sounds like shit, and his guitar is out of tune from what little I can hear of it in the mix.
JamminJerome -
Awful. Simply Awful.
Why anyone would enjoy this show beats me. Bob sounds terrible (okay, yeah, he was grieving for his dog...but his voice today still sucks), The boys are all lethargic and the show just drags. Worst-ever versions of El Paso, Johnny B. Goode, and Drums.
Hansen 50/50 -
R.I.P. Otis
Bobs dog Otis died on this day,He is definately struggling in this show,I can feel his pain everytime i hear this show,makes me think of my 2 dogs who are also in dog heavan !!!
The Real One -
Bobby befuddled or just sad?
I heard that Otis died soon before this show. The El Paso was too sad for Bobby to sing. I think that they retired it for a while after this show. I was right up front (really, right at the stage!) and Bobby looked so sad during El Paso.
I don't remember much about the show itself - which is unusual because I usually remember a lot! The only things I really remember is who I was with (thanks Scott & Mark!) and this cool tie-dye I bought that was almost too small for me (but I still have it!) and the fact that Jerry and the boyz were just beginning to get their new sound together. But since I was there and remember being so happy, I'm giving it 3 stars.
Really miss these guys...
Pulver@Noyo -
Healy ad addendum
P.S.- The four stars are there to counteract your one. En garde, mon sourpuss.
fitzy77 -
Healy Blows
He sure as hell ain't Betty Cantor-Jackson.
Major Domo -
happy420 -
Oops! Duplicate!
happy420 -
"...at least I'm enjoying the ride."
This show finds Jerry in top form...sadly it could easily be a show from '95 in an alternate reality where Brent lives and Bobby is strung out and falling apart instead of Jerry. Yeah...that bad. It's a shame because the recording and mix are great overall. A friend who took some people to this show for their first Dead show experience recalls telling them afterward that it wouldn't hurt his feelings for them to say Bobby sounded bad. There are some rather nice Garcia moments however and a couple of his tunes would make nice filler. 3 stars overall (rounded up)
Note: the Finiculi Finicula file includes "Hell in a Bucket"...Bobby sounds either drunk or high as a kite singing it, complicated by guitar problems...as Jerry says before they start "Bob seems to be having some trouble with his guitar". Plus Healy is f*cking with the vox and the mix throughout. One of the "at least I'm enjoying the ride" lines has a chipmunk sounding octave effect on it and the levels take a few minutes to settle down. There is a quick but major drop out (aud patch?) in the middle of the last verse and Bobby sounds like a lunatic yelling "ride, ride, ride" drenched in Healy's delay for the crescendo. Must have been one hell of a party before the show! D-
A standard Sugaree pulls them back down to earth a bit, with beautiful vocals and playing by Jerry & co...fortunately Healy seems to have gotten satisfied with his mix, the vocals are beautifully blended and every instrument present. B
"El Paso" finds Bobby still sounding quite befuddled, singing the verses (what he can remember) quietly as if to himself in a vein attempt to get them in order...the only line he really nails is "tonight nothing's worse than this pain in my heart" and we and the rest of the band suffer through it with him. Worst El Paso I've heard! D-
Jerry answers with a strained "Loser" as if to sympathize. C-
With the lazy opening notes of "Little Red Rooster" Bobby lets us know we could be in for a long night. Fortunately Jerry is a much better slide player and cries and wails beautifully in lamentation for Bob's lost Rooster. Maybe if someone helped him find the damned rooster Bob could get his mojo back! Brent's corny "you ain't sh*t to me" verse certainly doesn't do it, so Bobby tries to kill him with his slide playing! D+ for comedy
"Brown Eyed Women" picks things up again and Jerry does some really nice picking and confident singing throughout. B
Bobby, still stumbling over the words, delivers a mechanical & flat "Cassidy". Though short and sweet, by the jam it's clear the band won't be deterred, Jerry leading them through a series of odd little places before bringing it to a close. C
"Don't Ease Me In" is rockin' and wraps up the bumpy first set aptly. I imagine the band and the crowd both retreating to take stock and "elevate". B
A lackluster "Scarlet" begins the second set with Bobby's guitar out of tune. Whatever went on during the set break doesn't seem to have helped and the band seems to slip into "finish the show" mode. Though Jerry licks his way through the short jam and transition to "Fire" nicely there is little dynamic variation. "Fire" itself is perfunctory. C
With the way things have progressed so far the first notes of "Looks Like Rain" are not encouraging, and Bobby follows through with a warbly, flat reading. The band doesn't linger too long but Bob doesn't fail to deliver some WEIRdness at the end..."hear it? come again?" C-
"Terrapin" offers hope but has Jerry and the boys sounding tired now, and statements do indeed "just seem vein at last..." the whole tune unfolds lazily and without anything more remarkable than that. C
Billy and Mickey give a cursory "Drums" but without much momentum carrying them in it falls flat. They get into what sounds like a china crash and buffalo drum bashing contest early on, with progressively more and more white noise thrown in, not much even spinner alley can work with here. C-
Given that Bobby has already been spacing out all night the boys skip "Space" and jump straight into "I Need a Miracle" as if to emphasize his desperation. C-
"Stella Blue" is sleepy and dreamier than usual with Brent making some ambient noises reminiscent of a Theremin under Jerry's vocals...he sings with passion ("...crying like the wind") and nails the lyrics taboot. Such a beautiful song... B-
Jerry gives Bobby a rest by sliding right into the opening licks of "Goin' Down the Road Feelin' Bad" from the last few of "Stella Blue" and it's a good choice to get the blood flowing for the first time in the set. Thousands of Deadheads wake up. Great solos by Jerry with some fab B3 from Brent thrown in. B-
Fortunately "Johnny B. Goode" is about a killer guitar player and Jerry rips this one. However, if it were about a great singer who had an impeccable memory the irony might be too much to bear. C-
Jerry choice of "It's All Over Now Baby Blue" seems almost like a victory lap ("We made it to the encore!"), he gives it his all, but even that sentiment fails to give the band much inspiration as they yawn their way through it. C


text:
The distinction between sex and gender differentiates sex, the biological makeup of an individual's reproductive anatomy or secondary sex characteristics, from gender, an individual's lifestyle (often culturally learned) or personal identification of one's own gender (gender identity).[1][2] This distinction is not universal. In ordinary speech, sex and gender are often used interchangeably.[3][4] Some dictionaries and academic disciplines give them different definitions while others do not.
Sex is annotated as different from gender in the Oxford English Dictionary, where it says sex "tends now to refer to biological differences".[5] The World Health Organization (WHO) similarly states that "'[s]ex' refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women" and that "'[m]ale' and 'female' are sex categories".[6] The American Heritage Dictionary (5th ed.), however, lists sex as both "Either of the two divisions, designated female and male, by which most organisms are classified on the basis of their reproductive organs and functions" and "One's identity as either female or male," among other definitions.[7]
Anisogamy, or the size differences of gametes (sex cells), is the defining feature of the two sexes. By definition, males have small gametes (sperm); females have large gametes(ova).[8] In humans, typical male or female sexual differentiation includes the presence or absence of a Y chromosome, the type of gonads, the sex hormones, the internal reproductive anatomy (such as the uterus in females), and the external genitalia.[9] People with mixed sex factors are intersexed. People whose internal psychological experience differs from their biological sex are transgender or transsexual.
Scientific research shows an individual's sex influences his or her behavior.[10][11][12][13][14]
From the Renaissance to the 18th century, there was a prevailing inclination among doctors towards the existence of only one biological sex.[15] In some discourses, this view persisted into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.[16][17] Even at its peak, the one-sex model was supported among highly educated Europeans but is not known to have been a popular view nor one entirely agreed upon by doctors who treated the general population.[18]
In the Oxford English Dictionary, gender is defined as, "[i]n mod. (esp. feminist) use, a euphemism for the sex of a human being, often intended to emphasize the social and cultural, as opposed to the biological, distinctions between the sexes.", with the earliest example cited being from 1963.[19] The American Heritage Dictionary (5th ed.), in addition to defining gender the same way that it defines biological sex, also states that gender may be defined by identity as "neither entirely female nor entirely male"; its Usage Note adds:
Some people maintain that the word sex should be reserved for reference to the biological aspects of being male or female or to sexual activity, and that the word gender should be used only to refer to sociocultural roles. Accordingly, one would say The effectiveness of the treatment appears to depend on the sex of the patient and In society, gender roles are clearly defined. In some situations this distinction avoids ambiguity, as in gender research, which is clear in a way that sex research is not. The distinction can be problematic, however. Linguistically, there isn't any real difference between gender bias and sex bias, and it may seem contrived to insist that sex is incorrect in this instance.[7]
A working definition in use by the World Health Organization for its work is that "'[g]ender' refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women" and that "'masculine' and 'feminine' are gender categories."[6] However, the Food and Drug Administration uses gender instead of sex when referring to physiological differences between male and female organisms.[20] Gender is now commonly used even to refer to the physiology of non-human animals, without any implication of social gender roles.[4]
The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation makes a distinction between sex and gender in their most recent Media Reference Guide. Sex is "the classification of people as male or female" at birth, based on bodily characteristics such as chromosomes, hormones, internal reproductive organs, and genitalia. Gender identity is "one's internal, personal sense of being a man or woman (or a boy or a girl).[21]
Some feminist philosophers maintain that gender is totally undetermined by sex. See, for example, The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution, a widely influential feminist text.[22]
The case of David Reimer who was, according to studies published by John Money, raised as a girl after a botched circumcision was described in the book As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl. Reimer was in fact not comfortable as a girl and later changed sexual identity back to male when discovered the truth of his surgery. He eventually committed suicide.[23]
Gender in the sense of social and behavioral distinctions, according to archaeological evidence, arose "at least by some 30,000 years ago".[24] More evidence was found as of "26,000 years ago",[25] at least at the archeological site Dolní Věstonice I and others, in what is now the Czech Republic.[26] This is during the Upper Paleolithic time period.
Criticism of the "sex difference" vs. "gender difference" distinction[edit]
Evolutionary psychologist Michael E. Mills suggested in 2011 that the distinction between the terms "sex difference" vs "gender difference" is misleading and counterproductive. It implies that the behavior of an individual can be partitioned into separate biological and cultural factors—which is incorrect. (However, behavioral differences between individuals can be statistically partitioned, as studied by behavioral genetics). Instead, it would be more accurate to view behaviors of an individual as phenotypes—a complex interweaving of both nature and nurture. Given this, a more appropriate and useful distinction to make would be whether a behavioral difference between the sexes is due to a underlying trait that is either a sexually dimorphic (different) or sexually monomorphic (the same in both sexes) psychological adaptation.[27]
Transgender and genderqueer[edit]
Transgender does not have one definition. Instead it is a group of "identities and experiences of sex and gender variance, changing, and blending."[28] This is when an individual's biological sex does not match up with which gender they identify themselves. Under the umbrella of transgender includes "transsexual people, cross-dressers, drag kings and queens, genderqueer people, gay men and lesbians who queer gender lines, the partners of trans people, and any number of other people who transgress binary sex."[28] These individuals often undergo sex-reassignment surgery, take hormones, or change their style of life to feel more comfortable.[28]
In July 2012 Gopi Shankar, a Gender activist and a student from The American College in Madurai wrote the first book on Gender-variants and coined the regional terms for genderqueer people in Tamil, Gopi said apart from male and female, there are more than 20 types of genders, such as transwoman, transmen, androgynous, pangender, trigender,, etc., and ancient India refers it as Trithiya prakirthi."[29][30][31]
The sex/gender distinction, also known as the Standard Model of Sex/Gender, is criticized by feminists who believe that there is undue emphasis placed on sex being a biological aspect, something that is fixed, natural, unchanging, and consisting of a male/female dichotomy. They believe the distinction fails to recognize anything outside the strictly male/female dichotomy and that it creates a barrier between those that fit and those that are 'abnormal'. In order to prove that sex is not only limited to two categories Anne Fausto-Sterling's Sexing the Body addresses the birth of children who are intersex. In this case, the standard model (sex/gender distinction) is seen as incorrect with regard to its notion that there are only two sexes, male and female. This is because, "complete maleness and complete femaleness represent the extreme ends of a spectrum of possible body types."[32] In other words, Fausto-Sterling argues that there are multitudes of sexes in between the two extremes of male and female.
Rather than viewing sex as a biological construct, there are feminists who accept both sex and gender as a social construct. According to the Intersex Society of North America, "nature doesn't decide where the category of 'male' ends and the category of 'intersex' begins, or where the category of 'intersex' ends and the category of 'female' begins. Humans decide. Humans (today, typically doctors) decide how small a penis has to be, or how unusual a combination of parts has to be, before it counts as intersex."[33] Fausto-Sterling believes that sex is socially constructed because nature does not decide on who is seen as a male or female physically. Rather, doctors decide what seems to be a "natural" sex for the inhabitants of society. In addition, the gender, behavior, actions, and appearance of males/females is also seen as socially constructed because codes of femininity and masculinity are chosen and deemed fit by society for societal usage.
West and Zimmerman's "doing gender"[edit]
Used primarily in sociology and gender studies, the term doing gender refers to the concept of gender as a socially constructed performance which takes place during routine human interactions, rather than as a set of essentialized qualities based on one's biological sex.[34] The term first appeared in Candace West and Don Zimmerman's article "Doing Gender", published in the peer-reviewed journal, Gender and Society.[35] Originally written in 1977 but not published until 1987,[36] Doing Gender is the most cited article published in Gender and Society.[35] West and Zimmerman state that to understand gender as activity, it is important to differentiate between sex, sex category, and gender.[34] They say that sex refers to the socially agreed upon specifications that establish one as male or female; sex is most often based on an individual's genitalia, or even their chromosomal typing before birth.[34] West and Zimmerman consider sex categories to be dichotomous, and that the person is placed in a sex category by exhibiting qualities exclusive to one category or the other. During most interactions, others situate a person's sex by identifying their sex category; however, West and Zimmerman believe that a person's sex need not align with their sex category.[34] West and Zimmerman (1987) maintain that the sex category is "established and sustained by the socially required identificatory displays that proclaim one's membership in one or the other category" (p. 127). Gender is the performance of attitudes and actions that are considered socially acceptable for one's sex category.[34] West and Zimmerman suggest that the interactional process of doing gender, combined with socially agreed upon gender expectations, holds individuals accountable for their gender performances.[34] They also believe that while "doing gender" appropriately strengthens and promotes social structures based on the gender dichotomy, it inappropriately does not call into question these same social structures; only the individual actor is questioned.[34] The concept of "doing gender" recognizes that gender both structures human interactions and is created through them.[34]
However, some feminists go further and argue that neither sex nor gender are strictly binary concepts. Judith Lorber, for instance, has noted that many conventional indicators of sex are not sufficient to demarcate male from female. For example, not all women lactate, while some men do.[37] Similarly, Suzanne Kessler, in a 1990 survey of medical specialists in pediatric intersexuality, found out that when a child was born with XY chromosomes but ambiguous genitalia, its sex was often determined according to the size of its penis.[38] Thus, even if the sex/gender distinction holds, Lorber and Kessler suggest that the dichotomies of female/male and masculine/feminine are not themselves exhaustive. Lorber writes, "My perspective goes beyond accepted feminist views that gender is a cultural overlay that modifies physiological sex differences [...] I am arguing that bodies differ in many ways physiologically, but they are completely transformed by social practices to fit into the salient categories of a society, the most pervasive of which are 'female' and 'male' and 'women' and 'men.'"[37]
Moreover, Lorber has alleged that there exists more diversity within the individual categories of sex and gender—female/male and feminine/masculine, respectively—than between them.[37] Hence, her fundamental claim is that both sex and gender are social constructions, rather than natural kinds.
A comparable view has been advanced by Linda Zerilli, who writes, "[Monique] Wittig is critical of the sex/gender dichotomy in much feminist theory because such a dichotomy leaves unquestioned the belief that there is a 'core of nature which resists examination, a relationship excluded from the social in the analysis—a relationship whose characteristic is ineluctability in culture, as well as in nature, and which is the heterosexual relationship.' [¶] Putting sex in nature, gender in society, Wittig suggests, enabled feminists to interrogate the cultural construction of femininity; but this strategy also allowed dominant discourses to acknowledge the distinction without rethinking the foundations of their diverse theoretical enterprises and their concepts of subjectivity...."[39][a]
See also[edit]
- ^ Monique Wittig, feminist theorist and author of Les Guérillères, a lesbian feminist novel
- ^ Prince, Virginia. 2005. "Sex vs. Gender." International Journal of Transgenderism. 8(4).
- ^ Neil R., Carlson (2010). Psychology: The science of behaviour. Fourth Canadian edition. Pearson. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-1-57344-199-5.
- ^ Udry, J. Richard (November 1994). "The Nature of Gender". Demography 31 (4): 561–573. doi:10.2307/2061790. JSTOR 2061790. PMID 7890091.
- ^ a b Haig, David (April 2004). "The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001". Archives of Sexual Behavior 33 (2): 87–96. doi:10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014323.56281.0d. PMID 15146141.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary (draft revision (online) Jun., 2010), as accessed Aug. 22, 2010, sex, noun 1, sense 2a.
- ^ a b What do we mean by "sex" and "gender"? (World Health Organization (WHO > Programmes and Projects > Gender, Women and Health)), as accessed Aug. 24, 2010 (no author or date & boldfacing omitted).
- ^ a b [1]The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 5th ed. 2011, sex, senses 2a and 4, accessed Jun 10, 2013
- ^ Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1983). Sex, evolution and behavior. Monterey: Brooks Cole
- ^ Knox, David; Schacht, Caroline. Choices in Relationships: An Introduction to Marriage and the Family. 11 ed. Cengage Learning; 2011-10-10. ISBN 9781111833220. p. 64–66.
- ^ Haier, Richard J, Rex E Jung, and others, 'The Neuroanatomy of General Intelligence: Sex Matters', in NeuroImage, vol. 25 (2005): 320–327. [2]
- ^ "Sex differences in the brain's serotonin system". Physorg.com. Retrieved 2013-04-24.
- ^ "Emotional Wiring Different in Men and Women". LiveScience. 2006-04-19. Retrieved 2013-04-24.
- ^ USA (2013-03-25). "Frederikse ME, Lu A, Aylward E, Barta P, Pearlson G. (1999)". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2013-04-24.
- ^ Women Have Greater Density of Neurons in Posterior Temporal Cortex /Sandra Wittelson / Journal of Neuroscience #15 (1995).
- ^ Lacqueur, Thomas Walter, Making Sex: Body and Gender From the Greeks to Freud (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1st Harvard Univ. Press pbk. ed. [5th printing?] 1992 (ISBN 0-674-54355-6), © 1990), p. 134 (author prof. history Univ. Calif., Berkeley).
- ^ Laqueur, Thomas, Making Sex, op. cit., p. [149] (italics added).
- ^ Laqueur, Thomas, Making Sex, op. cit., pp. 150–151.
- ^ Laqueur, Thomas, Making Sex, op. cit., pp. 68 & 135.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary (2d ed. (online) 1989), as accessed Aug. 22, 2010, gender, noun, sense 3b.
- ^ Guideline for the Study and Evaluation of Gender Differences in the Clinical Evaluation of Drugs
- ^ Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. ''GLAAD Media Reference Guide, 8th Edition. Transgender Glossary of Terms", ''GLAAD'', USA, May 2010. Retrieved on 2011-03-01.
- ^ Benewick, Robert and Green, Philip, Shulamith Firestone 1945–, The Routledge dictionary of twentieth-century political thinkers (2nd Edition), Routledge, 1998, pp. 84-86. ISBN 0-415-09623-5
- ^ Rosario, Vernon. 2009. "The New Science of Intersex" The Gay & Lesbian Review
- ^ Adovasio, J. M., Olga Soffer, & Jake Page, The Invisible Sex: Uncovering the True Roles of Women in Prehistory (Smithsonian Books & Collins (HarperCollinsPublishers), 1st Smithsonian Books ed. 2007 (ISBN 978-0-06-117091-1)), p. [277].
- ^ Adovasio, J. M., et al., The Invisible Sex, op. cit., p. 170 & see pp. 185–186.
- ^ Adovasio, J. M., et al., The Invisible Sex, op. cit., p. [169].
- ^ Mills, M.E. (2011). Sex Difference vs. Gender Difference? Oh, I'm So Confused! Psychology Today blog post.
- ^ a b c Davidson, Megan. 2007. "Seeking Refuge Under the Umbrella: Inclusion, Exclusion, and Organizing Within the Category Transgender. Sexuality Research & Social Policy.
- ^ V Mayilvaganan (July 30, 2012). Gender pride march takes Madurai by storm. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
- ^ "Madurai student pens book on gender variants". The Times of India. 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2013-06-16.
- ^ "Cities / Madurai : Madurai comes out of the closet". The Hindu. 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2012-10-10.
- ^ Fausto-Sterling, Anne "Of Gender and Genitals" from Sexing the body: gender politics and the construction of sexuality New York, NY: Basic Books, 2000, [Chapter 3, pp. 44-77].
- ^ ISNA."Frequently Asked Questions." Intersex Society of North America 1993-2008. http://www.isna.org/
- ^ a b c d e f g h West, C.; Zimmerman, D. (1987). "Doing Gender". Gender and Society 1 (2): 125–151.
- ^ a b Jurik, N.C; Siemsen, C (2009). "Doing gender as canon or agenda: A symposium on West and Zimmerman". Gender and Society 23 (1): 72–75.
- ^ West, C; Zimmerman, D (2009). "Accounting for doing gender". Gender and Society 23 (1): 112–122.
- ^ a b c Lorber, Judith (1993). "Believing is Seeing: Biology as Ideology". Retrieved on 8 May 2013.
- ^ Kessler, Suzanne (1990). "The Medical Construction of Gender: Case Management of Intersexed Infants". Signs, Vol. 16, No. 1: 3-26.
- ^ Zerilli, Linda M. G., The Trojan Horse of Universalism: Language As a 'War Machine' in the Writings of Monique Wittig, in Robbins, Bruce, ed., The Phantom Public Sphere (Minneapolis, Minn.: Univ. of Minn. Press, 1993 (ISBN 0-8166-2124-1)), pp. 153–154 (n. 35 (citing Wittig, Monique, The Straight Mind, in Feminist Issues, vol. 1, no. 1, Summer, 1980, p. 107) omitted) (author asst. prof., poli. sci. dep't, Rutgers Univ., & ed. teaches, Eng. dep't, Rutgers Univ., & coeditor, Social Text) (em-dash surrounded by half-spaces in original).


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Learning Center Search Results
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5 Minute Genealogy Episode 17: Get Help In-Person
You may have asked yourself: "I can do a lot by myself, but is there somewhere I can go if I get stuck and need help?" "I feel like I have done everything I know how to do. Who can help me do more?" "What are family history centers for?" "Should I consider professional genealogists?" Using techniques discussed in previous episodes, you will be able to do a lot of family history work on your own. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to get help at a family history center or to work with a professional genealogist. In this episode, Jesse and Tom will show you the people available to help you solve your family history problems, as well as how to find them.
Brazil Beginning Research Series Lesson 2: Civil Registration Records
This lesson will enable you to find the location of a place in Brazil, and access specific websites to assist you in your search for civil registration records.
England Estate Duty III: Locate and Obtain the Record
Learn how to find your ancestor in estate duty records, and how to obtain copies of the detailed register entries. See examples of how to use online resources from FamilySearch, the National Archives of the United Kingdom, FindMyPast, and Ancestry to locate and obtain estate duty records. Learn how to see other records and indexes on microfilm through the Family History Centers. Part 3 of 3
England Probate Records: From 1858 to the Present
In this lesson you will understand the civil court system that began in 1858, know how to use indexes to the records, and know how to find a probate record using an index reference.
England Probate Records: Pre-1858 Probate Records, Part 1: Courts and Indexes
If you are looking for the probate record or will of your ancestor in England before 1858, you need to understand the court system that probated estates at that time. You need to know how to determine what court to search and how to find indexes to its records in order to determine if your ancestor's estate was probated. This lesson will instruct you in these three areas. Once you have completed this lesson you will be ready to find a probate document. Part 1 of 3
This is a lesson on learning and practicing old English script. Examples of handwriting and reading documents are presented.
Family Tree Training Lessons and Videos
There are 11 individualized lessons that anyone can do to learn all of the basic and intermediate functions of Family Tree. There are written lessons and videos that when used together give the best experience. However, many individuals prefer just to watch the videos or just to do the written material. Some people do the whole set of lessons and then come back and review when they run into a problem and others only look at the material when they experience a problem and do not know what to do. You are free to use these videos and lessons as needed for your own Family Tree learning and training needs. The owner of these lessons keeps them as current as possible. However, he cannot accept requests to customize these lessons or videos for any specific group or individual.
Researching Maximilian Parker, the father of Butch Cassidy, using the Internet, Lancashire England records, and LDS records.
In this class we take you step by step through some very import French websites. You will be able to access the French records online, learn how to find maps and see who has researched your name in France.
Immigration—Crossing the Pond, Pt. 1: Collect Records
In order to search for your ancestor in the records in Europe, you need to know the town of origin. If you do not know the town of origin, you need to start searching in United States records. This lesson will teach you what U.S. records you can collect to help you find where your ancestor came from before arriving in the United States. Part 1 of 4. The next lesson in this series is Immigration—Crossing the Pond, Pt. 2: U.S. Passenger Lists


text: Books Lloyd Robertson on writing his memoir Add to ... CP Video Published Tuesday, Oct. 16 2012, 3:33 PM EDT Last updated Tuesday, Oct. 16 2012, 3:33 PM EDT Lloyd Robertson says writing his memoir allowed him to analyze both the good and bad in his life. The retired CTV news anchor delves into his past in "The Kind of Life It's Been." Watch More Video: Lloyd Robertson on writing his memoir 'The Troop': A violent adventure for lovers of horror Award-winning author Thomas King talks about writing non-fiction Read this now: 'The Bear' by Claire Cameron Read This Now: My Life in Middlemarch Annihilation by Jeff VanderMeer is not just for the sci-fi lover Mike Bouchard on his daughter's rise in tennis Former U.S. defense secretary Gates criticizes Obama in new memoir Five big, gorgeous and unforgettable books to give as gifts Fans flock to meet James Franco at Vancouver book store Rare comic books on auction block Author Rachel Joyce on the sublime beauty of the Gloucestershire countryside Is the Tea Party 'David' in David and Goliath? Malcolm Gladwell thinks so Ontario pilots whipped up over wind turbine project Ottawa libraries add Web filters after child porn charges Munro's Books prepares for 'onslaught' of Alice sales Alice Munro calls Nobel Prize win 'quite wonderful' Margaret Atwood on what it feels like to come in second place Globe Books' favourite Giller-winning titles Video: Margaret Atwood and other Giller Prize winners' advice for literary success The Globe's Jared Bland on the legacy of Tom Clancy Comments AA


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Home & Garden
Trademark Home Collapsible Retro Storage Boxes - Set of 3
These fashionable containers beat a shoe box for storage any day! Bring the vintage file cabinet style to your closet with these Retro Storage Boxes from Trademark Home Collection. With three sizes you'll have the correct container for all your loose trinkets from receipts to office supplies to jewelry and more!
Product Features:- Lightweight Polypropylene Construction
- Snaps at the Corners create a Durable Container and allow Boxes to Collapse for Storage when not in use
- Riveted Lids
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- Small Box Dimensions: 11" D x 7.125" W x 4.375" H
- Medium Box Dimensions: 12.25" D x 8.375" W x 5.125" H
- Large Box Dimensions: 13.375" D x 9.5" W x 5.5" H
$19.95 -
Home & Garden
Get ready for the holidays with holiday decor, or create an outdoor oasis with garden and patio furniture and fashions that are fun and functional.
Trademark Navy Blue Portable Closet With Shelves
Keep your closet clear and your seasonal clothes in the spacious Trademark Home Portable Closet. Perfect for seasonal storing coats, dresses, suits and other clothing. Perfect for the times you need a little extra closet space.
Product Features:- Easy Assembly
- Heavy duty tubing
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- 4 Shelves
- Shelf Dimensions: 20" L x 18.5" H
- Dimensions: 20" L x 36" W x 49" H
$37.95 -
Home & Garden
Get ready for the holidays with holiday decor, or create an outdoor oasis with garden and patio furniture and fashions that are fun and functional.
This contemporary laptop utility table is perfect for lounging around surfing the net. Use it on the couch or have it beside your desk as a writing table.
Product Features:- Materials: Powder Coated Steel, PVC, MDF Wood
- Dark Walnut Finish
- Three Locking Plastic Casters
- Two Shelves
- Large Shelf Dimensions: 15.75 x 15.75 inches
- Small Shelf Dimensions: 9.875 x 15.75 inches
- Overall Dimensions: 25.5 x 15.75 x 33.875 inches
$37.953.3/5 (4) -
If you have limited space and are in need of a desk and chair, look no further than the Folding Desk and Chair Combo by Trademark Home Collection.
The Folding Desk and Chair Combo provides a sturdy, flat working surface and seat great for projects of all kinds from home work to crafting. When not in use the desk and chair fold for easy, space saving storage, keeping your living area uncluttered. Bring the convenience and style of the Folding Desk and Chair Combo home today.
Features:- Materials: Powder Coated Steel Tube, PVC, MDF Wood
- Desk and Chair Fold for Convenient Storage
- Desk Surface Dimensions: 20 x 29 inches
- Desk (Open) Dimensions: 20 x 29 x 28.25 inches
- Desk (Closed) Dimensions: 2.25 x 29.5 x 34.75 inches
- Chair (Open) Dimensions: 17 x 13.875 x 26.25 inches
- Chair (Closed) Dimensions: 2.5 x 13.875 x 30.375 inches
$49.95 -
Trademark White Portable Closet
Keep your closet clear and your seasonal clothes in the spacious Trademark Home Portable Closet. Perfect for seasonal storing coats, dresses, suits and other clothing. Perfect for the times you need a little extra closet space. Clear plastic window allows to see inside while the closet is still zipped up.
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- Heavy duty steel tubing
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- Product Dimensions: 19"L x 35"W x 53"H
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Organize any room with the Four Tier Drawer Trolly by Trademark Home Collection.
This versatile unit will fit in anywhere from closet to corner. Easily move the Four Tier Drawer Trolley anywhere you need it on four easy rolling casters. Clean up your clutter with the Four Tier Drawer Trolly from Trademark Home Collection.
Features:- Materials: Black Coated Metal, Fabric, MDF Wood
- One Top Shelf
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- Interior Drawer Dimensions: 12 x 14 x 7.875 inches
- Four Plastic Casters - Two with Locks
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$49.95 -
14" European Pepper Mill
As Americas oldest pepper mill manufacturer Chef Specialties Company has offered Americas professional and amateur chefs the finest pepper mills since 1940. Today Chef Specialties pepper mills retain the quality that was first designed in the original pepper grinders back in the 40s. They are the most widely sold pepper mills to the Food Service or Restaurant Industry. Our market ranges from beginner cooks to Executive Chefs. This beautiful pepper mill has a dark Mahogany piano finish of high gloss lacquer tarnish resistant accents of brass on the base and top knob. Chef Specialties Professional Series stainless steel grinding mechanism is made in the USA. This mill is fully adjustable from coarse to fine grind.$59.40


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Five years later, Japan is finally releasing my film Poultrygeist. Very exciting news… but I'd kill for a copy of the poster! Are you in Japan? Can you help me get it? Will gladly provide excellent Indian posters or art (or just hard cold cash) in return!
March 23 at Tokyo's Shinjuku Musashinokan.
Please forward to any Japanophiles you know! Thanks!!!


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Hockey Bags
Hockey Bags
At Play It Again Sports, we have a wide assortment of quality new and used hockey bags. Whether you are looking for traditional carry bags or wheeled bags, new or slightly used, we have what you are looking for!
And better yet, we have all of the hockey gear you'll need for this season to fill that new bag at prices the big boxes can't beat! Want an even better price? Bring in your used sports gear and equipment to save even more!
Our equipment pages show a sampling of the types of product that our stores carry. Not all categories or products shown are carried at all locations. Check your local store for the gear carried in your market.


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Warren County
Breaking news, local news, events, real estate & more
Date Range: June 4, 2011 - May 29, 2011
National Weather Service issues tornado watch for 12 N.J. counties
June 01, 2011, 2:00PM
The National Weather Service has issued a tornado watch, in effect until 8 p.m., for 12 counties in New Jersey. In Central Jersey, the watch was issued for Mercer and Monmouth counties. In northern New Jersey, the watch was issued for Hunterdon, Middlesex, Morris, Somerset, Sussex and Warren counties, and in South Jersey the watch was issued for Burlington,... Full story »
Former Sussex County student-teacher is sentenced to 3 years in prison for having sex with student
June 01, 2011, 10:39AM
FRANKFORD — A former student-teacher at a Sussex County elementary school was sentenced to three years in prison for having sexual relations with one of her students, the county prosecutor's office said. Lindsay Massaro, 26, who taught eighth-grade students at the Frankford Elementary School, pleaded guilty in February to one count of second-degree sexual assault. Massaro was accused of... Full story »
New Jersey criminal background bill that played role in Phillipsburg politics is signed into law
June 01, 2011, 12:30AM
Should school board members be required to pass criminal background checks? Take today's NEWS POLL. Full story »
Concerns for N.J. water as Del. River eyed for 'fracking'
May 30, 2011, 11:51PM
New Jersey is downstream from a bitter battle over natural gas development in Pennsylvania that involves a controversial drilling practice. During that process, called fracking, a mix of water, sand and chemicals is pumped more than a mile underground, causing explosions that unlock the pockets of natural gas. But the practice is at the center of a dispute over natural... Full story »
Sparta teen is killed in Frelinghuysen motorcycle crash
May 30, 2011, 1:28PM
FRELINGHUYSEN — A Sparta 19 year old was killed when his motorcycle collided with a pickup truck on Saturday afternoon, according to state police. Mark Inga, a 2010 graduate of Sparta High School, was driving northbound on County Route 661 when his Yamaha motorcycle collided with a Chevy pickup truck at 3:15 p.m., according to Sgt. Brian Polite of... Full story »
Those who made the ultimate sacrifice
May 30, 2011, 9:03AM
On Memorial Day, Star-Ledger photographer Ed Murray documents the final resting places of the more than 130 soldiers from New Jersey who died in the war on terror Full story »
Memorial Day observances throughout Warren, Sussex and other northern counties
May 29, 2011, 7:00AM
Following are some of the Memorial Day observances taking place throughout the area: ALLENDALE Monday, 9:30 a.m. The parade will travel down the main street of Allendale and end with a ceremony at Memorial Park. Call (201) 818-4400. ALPINE Monday, 11 a.m. A short parade will be followed by a ceremony at Alpine Memorial Rock and a picnic lunch with... Full story »
Browse archives »
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Warren County headlines
- Mansfield voters decide school board's $6.7 million bond referendum today, March 11 11:32 AM
- New sinkhole opens on College Drive in Hackettstown, pausing water main replacement work 1:26 PM
- Warren County man suffers head injury in Roxbury car crash, State Police say 10:00 AM
- NJ quilters group covers those in need 10:59 AM
More: Warren County news »
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At Sailer Family Chiropractic our mission is "To help as many people as humanly possible, especially KIDS!" When most people think of chiropractors, they tend to think of the guy that treats neck and back pain. We do that, but we do much more. We practice something called corrective care. It is a type of care that focuses on helping people reach their optimal God given health potential, what ever that may be. The reason why we focus on kids, is that most of the problems I see in adults start early in childhood. So when we treat kids, we are able to start them out healthier not having to live with all the problems we as adults just deal with every day. We focus on looking at the entire body and lifestyle of the patient to help them rid their lives of these problems. We help people with headaches, body pains, acid reflux, gastrointestinal problems, bed wetting, ADHD, muscle weakness, numbness and tingling in the body, general health improvements, fibromyalgia, and much, much more.
At our office, we educate our patients so you are able to make your own decision on your care and you decide what care is right for you. We work hard to go above and beyond the normal duties to give each patient the best care possible. My job is to figure out what is going on and inform you on all the things you can do to not only feel better but to improve your quality of life.
There are two questions to think about, "What health problems are you living with now?" & "What are you waiting for to fix these issues?" We only have one body and it has to last our entire lives, so start taking car of it today, because tomorrow could be too late! The longer we wait, the harder it is to fix these issues. The idea is to make sure that at the end of our lives we are living a healthy life, so we can enjoy it, not miserable with the aches, pains, and problems. I want to help everyone live a better quality of life now and down the road! If you ever have questions, feel free to contact me anytime, consultations are always complementary.


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The 6 Teams Arsenal Could Face in the Champions League Last 16 Previewed
By James McNicholas ,
The prize Arsenal are fighting for
Arsenal's second-place finish in the Champions League group stage leaves them in a somewhat precarious position. They had originally intended to take a strong team to Olympiacos and give their all to win the group.
Instead, a combination of tired legs and poor domestic form meant that Arsene Wenger had to field a significantly weakened side in Greece. The 2-1 defeat they suffered allowed Schalke to retain their spot at the top of the group, and means Arsenal now face the daunting prospect of a tie with one of six group-winners.
They cannot be drawn against the winners of their own group—Schalke—or a team from the same association, which rules out Manchester United. Instead, they will come up against one of the following:
- Paris St-Germain
- Malaga
- Borussia Dortmund
- Juventus
- Bayern Munich
- Barcelona
Over the following slides I'll be assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each of these teams, and trying to determine the dream scenario for Arsenal fans for the draw on December 20.
Zlatan Ibrahimovic is PSG's dangerman
Paris St. Germain's occasionally indifferent domestic form has landed their manager, Carlo Ancelotti, in hot water. However, it is impossible to argue with their phenomenal record in this season's Champions League.
Despite it being their first time in the competition since the Qatari takeover of 2011, they finished the group stage with 15 points—the highest total across the entire competition.
Perhaps the greatest danger to PSG is that the club could be destabilised during the January transfer window. The team seems to be beginning to form an identity; bringing in a host of new players, or indeed a new manager, could endanger that.
There are also question marks over whether or not they are too reliant on the totemic Zlatan Ibrahimovic.
Undoubtedly, Zlatan is the key man for PSG.
His enormous price tag brought with it a similarly huge degree of expectation, and remarkably the Swedish forward has thus far delivered. He also has previous success against Arsenal, scoring two goals at the Emirates for Barcelona in 2010.
Santi Cazorla, now of Arsenal, in action for Malaga last season
Malaga are the surprise package of this year's Champions League, emerging top in a group that also contained AC Milan and the much-fancied Zenit St. Petersburg. Since losing Santi Cazorla to Arsenal, other stars like Joaquin, Isco and Diego Buonanotte have stepped up to fill the creative void.
Malaga have the meanest defence in La Liga, but occasionally lack a cutting edge. Much like Arsenal, they don't have a clinical centre-forward to rely on who can produce a goal out of nothing.
Spain is famous for producing technically-gifted playmakers, and 20-year-old Isco is the latest in that mould. His form this season has seen him linked with a string of top clubs, but Malaga will hope their Champions League progression will be enough to hold on to him—for this season at least.
Robert Lewandowski in action against Real Madrid
This is a more experienced, more confident, and more expressive Dortmund side than the one Arsenal faced last season. Winning a group containing Real Madrid and Manchester City speaks volumes for their improvement.
Their success is based on a hugely committed pressing game, and incisive counter-attacks.
Their performances this season have been so convincing that it's hard to identify one.
However, the likes of Madrid and City are both teams that pile forward, allowing Dortmund to exploit the gaps left with their slick counter-attacks.
Perhaps the German Champions would come unstuck against a side more prepared to sit back and defend. Unfortunately, that is rarely a realistic option for Arsenal.
Picking out just one individual isn't easy. There's the Polish target-man Robert Lewandowski, German dribbler Mario Götze, or goal-scoring winger Jakub "Kuba" Błaszczykowski.
The man I'm going to for, however, is a new signing this season: Marco Reus. His penetrating runs and clinical finishing make him a constant threat.
Arsenal old-boy Nicklas Bendtner in Juve action
They say great teams build from the back, and Juventus have done just that with an imposing central defensive partnership of Leonardo Bonucci and Giorgio Chiellini ahead of the world's most expensive goalkeeper, Gigi Buffon.
The tight-knit Italian defence is something of a stereotype, but the fact that this unit carried Juve through 49 Serie A games unbeaten tells us that, in this instance, it's more than just a cliche.
Much like Malaga, Juventus are often accused of a lacking a natural goal scorer. Fabio Quagliarella is regarded as more of a "scorer of great goals" than a great goal scorer; whilst neither of the little-and-large pair of Nicklas Bendtner and Sebastian Giovinco has convinced in the central striker's role.
There is talk of a January move for Fernando Llorente (via Daily Mail), and it's not hard to see why.
French midfielder and former Manchester United man Paul Pogba would return to England with a point to prove. Although only just beginning to establish himself in the Juve first team, his performances this season have seen him likened to Patrick Vieira, only with a greater goal-scoring threat. Not bad at all!
Thomas Muller in action against Valencia
Bayern Munich are ruthless. They are on a relentless march towards another Bundesliga title, and keen to double that up by avenging last season's Champions League Final defeat on penalties against Chelsea.
They have goal-scoring threats all over the park: Franck Ribery, Mario Gomez, Mario Mandzukic and Thomas Muller to name but a few. Imagine if Arjen Robben could stay fit and add his undoubted quality to their attacking arsenal on a regular basis.
Such is Bayern's dominance in the Bundesliga, the greatest danger they face is that complacency could creep in to their game. They can't allow their domestic security to impinge upon their European ambitions.
Thomas Muller is an unusual player. He's neither a pure striker nor a pure winger; instead he's more of an old-fashion inside forward. His game is typified by intelligent movement and reliable finishing, and he's now carved a consistent niche for himself drifting in from the right-hand side of the Bayern Munich attack.
The world's greatest player?
Barcelona's passing game is one of the great wonders of the footballing world. On the ball, there is no one better; and they're not bad off it too, marrying their unrivaled technique with an impressive work rate.
There are question marks over Barcelona's options at centre-back. With Carles Puyol succumbing to injury with increasing frequency, midfielders Javier Mascherano and Alex Song are being pressed in to defensive action on a regular basis, and might be vulnerable against a sustained, physical attack.
Do I really need to say it?
Lionel Messi is the greatest footballer I've ever had the pleasure of watching, and I say that having seen him destroy my beloved Arsenal on more than one occasion.
As I write this, I am watching Lionel Messi break the record for most goals scored in a calendar year. It is an achievement befitting of his outrageous talent.
Arsenal's players await the Champions League draw
For me, Arsenal's Christmas wish is simple: to avoid the quartet of Juventus, Dortmund, Munich and Barcelona. All four of those sides have to be considered among the favourites to reach this year's final, and would represent a huge test to an Arsenal side spending yet another season in transition.
A draw against PSG or Malaga seems, on paper, to represent a far more manageable task.
Personally, I'm hoping that Arsenal will be travelling to Paris in the new year. Arsene Wenger would relish the chance to go up against the cash-rich outfit, and the tie would retain all the glamour one associates with the Champions League whilst still giving Arsenal a realistic chance of progression.
Arsenal's fate will be decided on December 20. I'm afraid to say that despite my preference for PSG or Malaga, there is no easy draw. It feels like Russian roulette, only every barrel contains a bullet.


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I loved every minute of this family session! These kiddos were so cute! From sisters amazing hair, to brothers winking smile! Loved it!!! Cannot wait to finish these up for this darling family!!!
Thursday, December 5, 2013
Tuesday, November 19, 2013
Sunday, November 3, 2013
Thorup Family.....Shell Beach, Pismo Beach Family Photographer
Tuesday, October 22, 2013
Happy Family.......|Pismo Beach, Ca Family Photographer|
This family was soo much fun!! I love being able to be a part of these family reunions! You can't tell who the little princess of this family is can you!? She is such a cutie!! I loved seeing everyone interact! We got so many great shots, here is a small preview (:
Monday, September 30, 2013
Isaiah......|Pismo Beach, Arroyo Grande Ca Newborn Photographer|
This is my 'great' nephew Isaiah, He is just shy of two weeks here! He is the cutest little guy! Its crazy how quickly they grow! We are all so happy he is here and him and momma are doing well!!
Jonah...........|Pismo Beach, Arroyo Grande, Ca Children Photographer|
Monday, September 23, 2013
Brenna & Michael......|Newport Beach, Ca Wedding Photographer|
Here are a few highlights from the wedding I shot in Newport last month! This beautiful bride is my husbands cousin. Not only was the wedding beautiful, but the company was even better! So fun to spend time with family!
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Funeral services for 87 year old Leah O. "Peggy" Molnar of the St. Regis Nursing Home, Massena, and formerly of Norfolk, will be held Saturday at 10 a.m. at the Church of the Visitation in Norfolk with Rev. Andrew Amyot presiding. Burial will be... Read More >>
Graveside services for Paul Stalker, age 63, of Hammond, will be held on Saturday, June 18, 2011 at Fineview Cemetery in Hammond at 11:00 a.m. with Rev. Tom Nichols officiating. Mr. Stalker passed away on June 14, 2011 as a result of a car accident... Read More >>
A funeral mass for Gertrude Ida Spencer Fisher Rothenberg will be celebrated at St. Mary's Cathedral on Friday, June 17, 2011 at 10:00 am with Rev. Joseph Moran as celebrant. Calling hours will on Thursday, June 16, 2011 at Frary Funeral Home from 2... Read More >>
Funeral services for Benedict M. Ruffolo, age 72, of United Helpers Nursing Home, will be held at the convenience of the family. Arrangements are with Frary Funeral Home. Mr. Ruffolo passed away on June 09, 2011 at United Helpers Nursing Home. Mr... Read More >>
Funeral services for Robert A. Lintz, age 51, of 315 Clark St, Ogdensburg, will be held on Friday, June 17, 2011 at Frary Funeral Home at 2:30 p.m. with Rev. Walter Smith officiating. Burial will be in Black Lake Cemetery. Calling hours will be... Read More >>
Mr. Howard S. Porter, 83, of 1520 State Route 37 and 1993 4th Line Road, Ohsweken, Ontario, passed away on Monday evening, June 13, 2011 at Tsiionkwanonso:te, Cornwall Island Long Term Care Facility. Howard was born on October 21, 1927 in Ohsweken... Read More >>
Funeral services for Winifred B. White, age 96, of 507 Chapman Street, Morristown, will be held on July 2, 2011 at Episcopal Christ Church in Morristown at 1:30 p.m. with Rev. Robert Longbottom. Burial will be in Sunnyside Cemetery in Morristown.... Read More >>
Graveside service for Michael B. Infantine, 63, of Louisiana and formerly of Canton will be held Saturday, June 18, 2011 at 11:00 a.m. at St. Mary's Cemetery, Canton. Michael died on January 10, 2011 and is the son of Betty (Infantine) Robbins and... Read More >>
A Mass of Resurrection for Beatrice E. McGregor, 93 formerly of the Small Road, Massena will be held Wednesday 12 noon (June 15,2011) at the Church of the Sacred Heart. Interment will be in Calvary Cemetery. There will be public calling hours. At... Read More >>
Mrs. Angelina M. Green, 66, of Potsdam, formerly of Sandfordville, passed away on Monday morning, June 13, 2011 at Canton-Potsdam Hospital, where she had been admitted on Sunday evening. Angie was born September 29, 1944 in Potsdam, the daughter of... Read More >>
Richard "Dick" Walton, 69, passed away Sunday, June 12, 2011 at E.J. Noble Hospital, Gouverneur. Dick was born on April 14, 1942 in Watertown, the son of William and Velma Phillips Walton. Dick married Cora Conklin on June 28, 1963 at the... Read More >>
Graveside services for Priscilla A. "Pat" Bradley, 71, of Crary Mills, will be held on Saturday, June 18, 2011 at 2:00 p.m. in the Crary Mills Cemetery, Canton. "Pat" died on March 29, 2011. The family requests memorial contributions be sent to... Read More >>


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Daniel Bice, the Journal Sentinel's watchdog columnist, holds politicians and the powerful accountable
City attorney hopes to return by Labor Day
Milwaukee City Attorney Grant Langley is taking medical leave after he underwent what he calls "major surgery" for an undisclosed illness.
Langley, who has been out of the office since late May, said he expects to return to work by Labor Day at the latest.
"I feel good and am recovering well," said Langley, who was first elected the city's chief legal counsel in 1984. "Recovery is a long process, but it is going well."
Langley, 66, declined to identify the illness. Others at City Hall say he was diagnosed with bladder cancer.
"It came out of nowhere," he said Wednesday when contacted at home.
Despite his medical condition, Langley - who was re-elected without opposition to an eighth term earlier this year - said he talks daily with his management team. He said it is possible that he'll return to the office by mid-August.
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The question that isn't answered here is: is he getting paid during this extended leave and, if he is, under what plan? He could be out 15-16 months when all is said and done.
Geez - you really have nothing else to say, except how is he getting paid?
I'm not quite sure where you got 15-16 months. He left in late May, and expects to be back by mid-August.
In normal math, that's 3 months. -
My mistake - I read it as last May (2011). Thanks for pointing it out.


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These classes will help your child develop their mind & body in a fun, creative and focused atmosphere
Scholarships Available. Download Application Form at right.
ALL CLASSES HELD AT THE THEATRE! While your child acts, sings, and dances the evening away in the theatre, enjoy a date night in wonderful downtown Rehoboth Beach! Get Directions to Theatre » Discover the Restaurants & Shops in Downtown Rehoboth »
Register by Mail: Download registration forms at right and send in with payment. Scholarships are available. Download application form at right.
View BB Gallery pictures » Watch a BB performance video »
Broadway Bound offers a multi-discipline approach to training. Students, grouped by age and ability level in grades 1-8, rotate through 30-minute classes in Voice, Dance and Acting, within a 2-hour class meeting one day per week.
The classes, using the performing arts to enhance self-awareness and creativity, culminate in an end-of-semester performance. Participating students may be invited to perform withBROADWAY BOUND ON TOUR as part of the Clear Space Outreach program. The Broadway Bound program has been operating at capacity since its inception, therefore, early registration is suggested.
Would your child like to study privately?Find out about Private Lessons »
This program is made possible, in part, by a grant from the Delaware Division of the Arts, a state agency dedicated to nurturing and supporting the arts in Delaware, in partnership with the National Endowment for the Arts.
The Office and participation in all activities, programs and benefits of Clear Space Theatre Company, Inc. shall be open without regard to age, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, or national origin.
Clear Space Theatre Company, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. All contributions are fully tax deductible to the extent allowed by law. Tax Identification number 20-1712916.
Clear Space Theatre Company partners with Art-Reach to "Share the Experience" providing free or discounted tickets or admissions to Art-Reach member agencies that serve people with disabilities or economic disadvantages.
1. Download CSTC Arts Institute Registration Form PDF version »
2. Print & Complete Form
3. Mail Form & Payment to: Clear Space, PO Box 304, Rehoboth Beach, DE 19971
Download CSTC Scholarship Application Form PDF version »
Please call the office for details.
Directions to Theatre »


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Creamy coconut, sweet mango, and floral jasmine rice come together for a wonderfully subtle summer dessert.
#27324Crema Di Latticello {Buttermilk Cream}, simple Italian Dessert similar to Panna Cotta but this eggless custard is lightened with whipped cream making it extremely light and creamy.
#27320Personal Strawberry Rhubarb Pies: Primal, gluten-free, and sweetened with agave nectar.
#27318Milo (Chocolate Malt) Marshmallows - fluffy homemade marshmallows coated with chocolate malt powder, so good in hot chocolate or coffee!
#27314The Hangover Breakfast Sandwich ~ Simple Comfort Food has the cure with a great steak and cheese sandwich on a pretzel bun.
#27312Grilled Banana Bread Ice Cream Sandwiches ~ A great blend of hot and cold from the Cooking Channel.
#27311Strawberry Tart with a fine layer of chocolate and a mascarpone whipped cream filling
#27310Coconut Chocolate Chip Oatmeal Cookies. & why you actually might not hate coconut.
#2730710 tips for making better chocolate chip cookies using your favorite recipe, plus my favorite recipe for thick & chew chocolate chip cookies
#27301Bread, butter, sea salt, and radishes — sometimes the best snacks are the simplest ones.
#27297Cream Puffs with Mascarpone Cream Filling - delightfully creamy and delicious!
#27295Homemade "Instant Mi Goreng" - this is based on a brand of ramen noodles which received rave reviews from the Ramen Rater.
#27294Kale-Toasted Walnut-Meyer Lemon Olive Oil Pesto with Brown Rice Penne. Pesto is not just for basil anymore!
#27292Sourdough Hotel ~ From the Guardian... Swedes on holiday can have their sourdough starters fed and cared for.
#27288Need a vacation? Sip a taste of the island life with a cold Papaya Slushy.
#27287A smash up of a classic English dessert and a dessert loved by the British. Tiramisu Brioche and Butter Pudding.
#27284Antipasti di Parmigiano Reggiano, Aceto Balsamico & Prosciutto Crudo: A Tribute to Emilia-Romagna, Italy


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Law Prof: The Clean Air Act Needs a Reboot
International Patent Laws – Interview with Julian Crump, Managing Member, Mintz Levin's London, UK Office
10 Scalia Interview Highlights
Condo Adviser: Condominium Rules and Enforcement
Condo Adviser: Adjacent Development Rights and Objections
Will New Marijuana Laws Go Up In Smoke?
Bill on Bankruptcy: Who's to Blame for the Hostess Liquidation?
Weekly Brief: Google Antitrust Suit?; Legal Weed; Law Firm Mega-Merger Mania
Appeal Trial Court - What To Do When a Party Loses or is Unhappy with a Decision Made by the Trial Court - Kathi Sandweiss discuss
The Apellate Process Explained - Kathi Sandweiss discusses the appeals process and what it can and can't do for your situation.
Northern Mariana Islands Retirement Fund Files For Bankruptcy
As we have previously reported, despite the growing number of States that have authorized the use of marijuana in various forms, the federal government has continued to crack down on dispensaries. In addition to direct...more
A second federal district court judge has ruled in favor of the government on one of the most serious challenges to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA). The court dismissed a challenge to the...more
On December 3, 2013, the United States Supreme Court in U.S. v. Woods, 112 AFTR 2d 2013-6974, resolved a split in the circuits when it held that the § 6662(h) valuation misstatement penalty applies when deductions are denied...more
A new California law - the Same Sex Couple Tax Fairness Act (the Act) - provides a temporary personal income tax (PIT) exclusion for any amounts received by an employee in a registered same-sex domestic partnership from an...more
In a 6-1 decision, the Illinois Supreme Court affirmed an Illinois Circuit Court holding that Illinois Public Act 96-1544 (The Click-Through Nexus Act), requiring out-of-state retailers to collect and remit use tax, violates...more
On Friday morning, the Illinois Supreme Court handed down its opinion in one of its most high-profile pending cases. The Court held in Performance Marketing Association, Inc. v. Hamer that the federal Internet Tax Freedom Act...more
In a decision released this October 18th, the Illinois Supreme Court upheld the Circuit Court of Cook County's decision invalidating the Illinois click-through nexus statute in Performance Marketing Association v. Hamer. The...more
Despite the unsettled nature of federal enforcement of the federal criminal drug laws in the context of state medical marijuana laws, the Nevada Legislature enacted Senate Bill No. 374 during its recently completed 77th...more
Introduction - The ability of the states to impose a tax upon transactions occurring on an Indian reservation has evolved substantially in the past 50 years. After numerous court decisions, the Indian preemption...more
A decision by the United StatesCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit earlier this month strictly interpreted deductibility I.R.C. § 808(c) as it relates to the deductibility of policyholder dividends paid by life insurance...more
The EU's legislative landscape on failing banks is undergoing a fundamental shift. Cyprus was indeed the first Member State to experience and implement the resolution and bail-in approach with respect to failing banks, thus...more
In re Majestic Star Casino, LLC, F.3d 736 (3rd Cir. 2013), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit broke from other courts by holding that S corporation status (or "qualified subchapter S subsidiary" or "QSub" status)...more
Inherent in a trustee's discretionary authority to make a distribution of trust property outright and free of trust to a permissible beneficiary of the trust may well be the authority to distribute the property instead to...more
The California Supreme Court recently ruled that local tax refund claims may be pursued as class actions, even where a city has an existing ordinance prohibiting such claims. The ruling is broad enough to expose local...more
The Embassy of the Slovak Republic in Belgium in cooperation with the Slovak Investment and Trade Development Agency SARIO and EsPartners would like to invite you to SEMINAR "INVEST IN SLOVAKIA" Get to Know Slovakia as...more
As we have previously reported, despite the growing number of States (18 in total) that have sanctioned the use of marijuana in various forms, the federal government has continued its efforts to crack down on dispensaries....more
In Shelly Funeral Home, Inc. v. Warrington Township, 30 MAP 2010 (December 18, 2012), the Pennsylvania Supreme Court reversed a 2010 decision of the Commonwealth Court and held that a business privilege "flat tax" ordinance...more
The Internal Revenue Service appealed a grant of summary judgment favoring Mr. Valkenet's client, Susquehanna Bank. The Maryland bankruptcy court granted the bank's indemnity deed of trust priority over IRS tax liens by...more
Sitzverlegung in der EU - Gesellschafts- und steuerliche Aspekte aus belgischer Perspektive Gegenstand ist die Freiheit der Sitzverlegung von Unternehmen aus europäischer bzw. belgischer Perspektive sowie um die...more
In PPL Corporation v. Commissioner, the Supreme Court will likely set forth the test of how U.S. taxpayers should determine whether a foreign tax is creditable for U.S. income tax purposes. This decision may have...more
In a recent case, United States v. Quality Stores, the Sixth Circuit ruled that certain severance payments paid to involuntarily terminated employees pursuant to an employer's reduction in workforce are not "wages" for FICA...more
Originally published in the September/October 2012 30th Anniversary Issue of The Journal of State Taxation. James M. Susa focuses on the tax valuation of common areas within a planned community, noting that, while most...more
On September 7, 2012, the Sixth Circuit held that certain types of severance payments (referred to as supplemental unemployment compensation or "SUB payments") are not taxable wages under FICA. United States v. Quality...more
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit recently held that certain dismissal payments were Supplemental Unemployment Compensation Benefits (SUB) exempt from FICA taxes—a clear split with the U.S. Court of Appeals for...more
In United States v. Quality Stores, Inc., 2012 U.S. App. LEXIS 18820 (6th Cir. Sept. 7, 2012), the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed a district court ruling that severance payments were not wages subject to Social...more
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