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Wells: Jerraud Powers's Play Overlooked
Written by Lou Pin on .
Once in a while, I find an article that I agree entirely with; it seems like Brad Wells's article on Jerraud Powers somehow read my mind. Last week, all I could think was "Wow, Powers is playing like Tim Jennings used to ..." (also "whoever hired these announcers must watch football on mute"). Specifically speaking, Powers couldn't guard his man for most of the game - rookie Josh Gordon - and hence, made the game much more interesting than it should have been. The Colts stuffed the run. Imagine that. The major problem: no pressure on Weeden.
In the last two games, the Colts have failed to sack a quarterback or force a turnover. Indy's ranked 18th overall for sacks and dead last in the league for takeaways; not to mention, Robert Mathis has five sacks so far this season, out of Indy's 13. Freeney has four tackles and one sack on the year. These stats need to improve quickly, or Indy's offense won't be getting any easy drives.
Favorite quote in week 7, thanks to our lovely announcers: "Sometimes rookies need to hold their water." Seriously.
Favorite player in week 7: Pat Angerer, who played like it was his last game ever. 2 solos and an assist, in extremely limited play.
Favorite play of week 7: the sun, deciding Josh Gordon was just too fast for Powers, reached out and blinded the rookie wideout, who promptly dropped the go-ahead touchdown. There's an animated GIF of it in the Wells link. Congratulations, Mr. Sun: you played better than Tim Jennings 2.0.
Why nobody mentions the pass defended by Powers against the slot receiver on 4th and 6 at the end? Isn't that a very important play?
Have you guys had a chance to time how quickly Weeden got the ball out on average? It didn't seem like Weeden was particularly quick at getting the ball out but it also did not seem like he was standing there all day either. I think the relationship between the pass rush and the coverage works both ways. If the receivers are getting open, the pass rush will not be effective. I'm not trying to say that the pass rush is not a problem but I think this is another thing to consider. If Weeden was routinely getting five seconds to throw the ball, it is easier to point to the poor pass rush.
@bradicus18 Regardless of how much time he had, the Colts pass rush on Sunday was almost non-existant. No sacks, for a second straight game? In their defense (see what I did there?), the Colts were specifically bent on stopping the run - so there were fewer blitzes than usual - and they succeeded at halting the Brown's ground game, so the D-line can somewhat be excused.
@LouPin Well, one sack in two games, but who's counting? :) And Sanchez had 19 drop-backs? I don't get to watch the games a second time so I would just like to know if anyone has reviewed this last game. This a curiosity.
The amount of time the QB has to throw depends on the pass coverage and the pass rush. If he gets the ball out quickly, his receivers may be getting open too easily. If he holds on to the ball for an extended period of time but is still able to make the pass, the pass rush is easier to implicate.
I, too, believe the pass rush is most likely the problem. With no ability to get pressure up the middle without blitzing, the edge rush is ineffective. However, I would just like to see if there has been a more in-depth review as to how quickly Weeden was getting the ball out and if there was much difference from his previous performances.
In response to Josh ...Powers's play hasn't been that good this year; he's really only had one good game, against Minnesota. Against Chicago, he was matched up against Brandon Marshall; Marshall put up 119 yards. The game against Jacksonville was epic: Powers had one tackle in the first three quarters (and needed another defender to help), and was credited for tackling Jones-Drew in the fourth quarter after MJD fumbled at the line of scrimmage, and then fell on the ball.
Same thing against New York. Despite playing the entire game, Powers had only one tackle - in the first quarter - and then nothing. Bethea had eight tackles, Zibi had five, and Vaughn had three. In other words, against run-first teams, Powers can't reach the play fast enough to make a stop.
Against Green Bay, Powers didn't record a single tackle in the first half of play; again, his ability to locate the play isn't very good. To his credit, he DID get a pick (hey! Turnover!) ... but that doesn't excuse his shoddy play earlier, when he blew his coverage on Cobb, allowing the Packers receiver to walk into the endzone almost uncontested. Also, in the fourth quarter? Rodgers's touchdown pass to Jones was against - you guessed it - Powers.
Against Cleveland, Powers allowed one of two Cleveland touchdowns on a misstep, but on Cleveland's first drive, played horrendously. He didn't bother pursuing Weeden on a third and long run; he gave Cooper a huge cushion on 2nd and 8, which lead to first down, and knocked down a ball Bethea was about to intercept.
Powers can't make open-field tackles, gives up a lot of touchdowns, and doesn't pursue plays as quickly as he should; he's entirely pointless against the run; and he was turned inside out by a rookie last week. As for Brad Wells ... yeah, I should have seen that one coming.
@LouPin I guess a lot depends on how you want to parse the stats, you can certainly find negatives if you're looking for them, but overall Powers has still been a solid starting CB on the season.
His game against Chicago wasn't good by any stretch, but it was game 1 in a new scheme against a good Bears squad, and nobody on the team really played well. Powers was still the best of our CBs in that game (he was matched up on Marshall for only 8 of his 15 targets). He allowed 1 reception each in the Jax and NYJ games. That Jax game was his worst run stopping game but it was also his best coverage game, allowing only 1 successful completion on 6 targets (16.7%), even in that Cle game in which he supposedly got torched, he only allowed 44% completions on targets thrown his way (4 of 9); the league average is about 65%, the best being 39% (Cromartie). Minnesota was his best game and he was ranked #1 by PFF in the entire NFL for coverage that week.
As to his run stopping, well it's all relative I suppose. The original post by Wells was about Powers being torched in the passing game (which I think is false), but even if we throw in the run game, CBs playing man-to-man can't really be expected to also stop the run consistently. Of course Bathea and Z-Bo will have more tackles (though right now Z-Bo only has 16 to Powers 24), that's their job as the safeties, to cover up mistakes. Even given that fact, Powers has been reasonably solid in the run game, he's 4th on the team in tackles with 24 (he only had 33 all of last season in a zone coverage scheme), including 9 stops (good for 9th best among CBs in the NFL). He had a bad game stopping the run against Jax (missing a tackle that led to a TD), but outside of that game he's been a net positive stopping the run.
His coverage has been solid all season (minus the GB game, as you point out correctly) and has 8 passes defensed already in 6 games (that's 1 more than he had all of last season and 2 fewer than his all time best of 10 in 2009), he has the 4th most solo tackles on the team, has 9 stops (9th best among CBs and 5th on the team behind 4 linebackers), and allowed the rookie you claim turned him inside out to complete a single pass (granted a 33 yard TD, but still, 1 catch). I think it's also worth noting that Powers does not have a single penalty on the season, which is something only a handful of CBs can claim.
Obviously there are drives or plays where he was less than great, but if you take his overall body of work for the season he has been as good or better than he has been his first 3 years in the league, so it's not like he's playing below expectations. If you were expecting him to be Charles Woodson, then sure, he's been a disappointment, but so far on the year he's played like a starting CB in the NFL.
Given the length of this comment I probably should have just written the damn thing as a blog post.
Going to have to disagree with you on Powers. His bad plays were weighted too heavily due to the nature of televising a game (camera following the ball). I think he played a lot better than it may at first appear, and has done all season. Really Josh Gordon only had 2 receptions on 9 targets, 1 of which was on Vaughn not Powers (and a negative PFF rating to boot, he was not very effective). The only completion Powers allowed to Gordon was the 33 yard TD pass, which admittedly looked bad but nobody can stay on a receiver indefinitely, the pass rush needed to help out a little and didn't. That's a good line as far as I'm concerned (sure he dropped a long TD but it was a tough play and that's the NFL, drops happen, every CB benefits from it at one point or another). That's my take anyway. P.S. Agreeing with Brad Wells is a cardinal sin. You must now spend eternity as a Cleveland Browns'' fan as penance. In all seriousness though, the man is a hack who trolls his own readers to increase comment traffic.
@Colt_Following Wells deleted my account for bringing facts to other readers' attention that contradicted his viewpoints. Seriously. So now I refuse to EVER go to the site to give him the page hit.
@zgs1288 @Colt_Following Hear that, Josh? I'm deleting ALL of your comments! (evil laugh)... no, but seriously. That's hilarious.
Wells is certainly notorious for his liberal use of the banhammer but he must be mellowing out in his old age (or SB Nation had a stern talk with him) because I am a pretty consistent criticizer on his articles and have yet to be banned.
You can try to delete all my comments but I keep a running archive saved on my computer and will simply copy and paste them back in. I'm tenacious like that.


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Laura Pausini
Laura Pausini
By 2004, roughly a decade after she made her recording debut at the age of 18, Laura Pausini had sold over 25 million albums worldwide, quite an impressive feat for someone who'd never really broken into the lucrative English-language market. The Italian singer (born May 16, 1974) began her career at a young age, making her live debut at only age 12. Her singing didn't really take off until 1993, however, when she made her self-titled debut and scored a big hit with "La Solitudine." A year later -- in a practice that would come to define her career and compound her success -- she released a Spanish version of her debut, including a version of her breakthrough hit, titled accordingly as "Lo Soledad." Further albums followed for Pausini -- Laura (1995), Le Cose Che Vivi/Las Cosas Que Vives (1996), La Mia Risposta/Mi Respuesta (1998), Tra Te e il Mare/Entre Tu y Mil Mares (2000) -- each of them finding mass success in their respective markets. During these formative years, Pausini enjoyed her fame, for instance singing for Pope John Paul II at a special Vatican Christmas mass as well as at Barbra Streisand's birthday party in 1998, and embarking on sold-out world tours. She capped off this run of success with a round of greatest-hits collections -- The Best of Laura Pausini/Lo Mejor de Laura Pausini (2001) -- and, in turn, with what was planned to be her English-language crossover album, From the Inside (2002). There was a lot riding on From the Inside, it should noted, and so when it met a mixed reception and essentially struck out with consumers, a lot was made of its failure to penetrate the English-language market. She understandably took some time off after her world tour and didn't return until late 2004, with Resta in Ascolto/Escucha. Released a long four years since her last proper Romance-language studio album, this one had a lot riding on it as well, suffice it to say, considering not only the long wait but also the disappointment of From the Inside. So it was a relief when Resta in Ascolto/Escucha returned her to the top of the charts, particularly thanks to the power ballad "V�veme." In fact, Warner Music Latina reissued the album in America in late 2005 to capitalize on its Latin Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Album, adding a bonus DVD disc. Shortly after winning that Grammy Award, Warner released a triumphant live CD/DVD, Live in Paris 05, to capitalize on the momentum. The label then gave Pausini free reign to record an album of covers, Io Canto/Yo Canto (2006), consisting of Italian pop/rock songs mainly from the '90s that had greatly influenced her. Selling over 500,000 copies, Io Canto/Yo Canto was the biggest selling album of the year in Italy, while Pausin also scooped the award for Best Female Pop Vocal Album at the Latin Grammy Awards. In 2007, Laura Pausini became the first female artist to perform at the San Siro Stadium in Milan, with the show being released on CD/DVD in November that year, entitled San Siro 2007. A year later, Pausini released her tenth studio album, Primavera in Anticipo/Primavera Anticipada, which included the single "Invece no" / "En cambio no" as well as a duet with British singer/songwriter James Blunt. 2009 saw the singer organize another concert at the San Siro -- this time featuring a host of female artists -- to raise money for those affected by that year's L'Aquila earthquake, with the resulting DVD selling 250,000 copies. Pausini continued to tour before going to work on her next album, Inedito/In�dito. Released in 2010, the record was promoted on the Inedito World Tour, which included a date at London's Royal Albert Hall. In late 2012, Laura Pausini recorded a duet with Josh Groban for his album All That Echoes, before reissuing her 1993 single "La solitudine" digitally in Italian, Spanish and English to celebrate twenty years since it's original release. ~ Jason Birchmeier & Daniel Clancy, Rovi
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Yesterday, I went to the Canal Saint-Martin with photographer Pierre-Herve Verant (in green, above) to meet those in the bright red tents along the water.
It's a big story in Paris: Two brothers, Augustin and Jean-Baptiste Legrand, bought 100 red tents to start a homeless (SDF) camp/demonstration so that Parisians with homes can gain a new perspective on homelessness... by staying in the tents for a night, trying to stay warm, and by meeting the 50 homeless that have also gathered there for shelter.
We spoke with Eric (above, with Verant), who has been homeless since the end of his marriage. He hopes the demonstration will broaden politician's minds about the situation, and that they will find solutions to help.
Augustin Legrand (above) also told us about his personal quest to fix what he believes is a "national disgrace:" a country that hasn't taken care of its people. He has a wife and a child -- and a home -- and yet he has spent the last seven weeks out on the streets in protest.
His hands roughened from the experience, he is living in a homeless state and documenting his less-fortunate companions' stories on their organization's Web site, les Enfants de Don Quichotte (The Children of Don Quixote).
More information and links in a story (by me) at Parisist.
More news and protests on this site, including Concepcion Picciotto, who has camped in protest next to the White House in Washington DC since 1981.
in the name of don quixote parisian homeless find hope
walking in someone's else's shoes, albeit for a brief amount of time, but enough time to realize/actualize the complexities of life that most people either ignore or discount simply because they believe something like homelessness does not affect them or directly influence their lives, or simply they have yet to experience compassion and understanding on a gritty human level. I agree that this approach deserves recognition and I believe the direct nature of the experience is well-worth undertaking the approach..and may influence change in some fashion, possibly the more compassionate and understanding we all are towards all people, regardless of social stature or 'label' affixed
What do you think of the demonstration? Do you think it will help bring change? Would you volunteer to spend the night in one of the tents? Or do you disagree with the approach?


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Wakeup to sunrises over Mt. Baker and the Twin Sisters while staying at this Beachside home at Sandy Point, WA. End your day with gorgeous sunsets over the Strait of Georgia and the San Juan Islands. In between enjoy beachcombing, watching whales and local wildlife, or just relaxing in a comfortable chair on the deck enjoying the views.
The master bedroom features a luxurious king sized foam bed, high quality linens, down comforter and beautiful views of the beach out of the double opening doors. In addition there are two guest rooms that each have a queen size bed with cozy linens and comforters.
Make your meals in the fully equipped kitchen with granite counters, stainless steel appiances and everything you will need to whip up a gourmet meal, or bbq up a feast on the new gas bbq while gazing out at the ocean or Mount Baker. The living room has three couches (one with a hide-a-bed) TV with a DVD player and a surround sound system. Enjoy a fire in the custom created gas river rock fireplace where the stones were hand picked from the Nooksack river.
While visiting Beachside be sure and walk the many trails, visit the marina and stroll the three mile long beach. Tennis, basketball and pickleball are also a short stroll away.
Seven (7) quality golf courses are within a half hours drive. Enjoy fabulous dining & entertainment at The Silver Reef Casino which is only 5 minutes away. Shopping and other entertainment is also nearby in either Bellingham or Blaine. The slopes and trails of Mt. Baker are a 75 minute drive to the east.
This truly is a year round retreat!
Keywords: bellingham,ocean,oceanfront,waterfront,beach,san juan islands,bellingham,bungalow, sandy point, marina
We are an active family of 5 that loves the ocean. We find Beachside to be a wonderful place to relax and create fun family memories. When we are here we can be found combing the beach for shells, walking the trails and eating gooey smores around the firepit. The close proximity to Bellingham has allowed us to spend many quality family times here. Our children love the change of pace and the fun activities this home has to offer.
Because of the Mt. Baker and Twin Sister views to the east, and the Georgia Strait and island views to the west. It is very close to Bellingham where we live.
Relaxing, quiet and peaceful. Stunning scenery. Friendly community. It feels like a world away from everyday life.
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Christmas/New Years (12/20-1/5/13): $245.00/night July 4th week (7/1-7/7) :$275.00/night Memorial Day (5/23-5/26): $275.00/night Labor Day (8/29-9/2): $275.00/night |
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text: Students who have received a degree from an accredited college or university may pursue a program of courses that leads to initial teacher certification. Individuals interested in becoming certified to teach in the public schools may do so as a student-at-large or as a degree-seeking student. Many students who start out pursuing an initial teaching license quickly decide to seek admission to a degree-awarding program simultaneously.


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Is there a way of importing the TXT or XML file back into Revit once changes have been made to the schedule?
ATM I only seem to be able to export my schedules but have no way of brining them back in.
That is correct. Revit's Schedules are a live report of the data gathered from the elements in the Project Model, so you couldn't just be able to import a schedule as a Revit Schedule. If you wanted to bring in an outside schedule, I believe that the best method would be to create the schedule in a .dwg file and then link that into your Revit Project in a Drafting View. An imported OLE object will not come through in Revit.
thought maybe it would be similar to creating type catalogs.
Oh well I guess its not to be lol
Once you put the objects in the drawing I though maybe it would be possible to change shared Parameters in a remote spread sheet similar to type catalogs and look up tables I guess.
Whats the issue with not being able to do this?
Hi Todd,
There is a way to export your schedule data to a Excel document, make changes within the Excel document, and then pull that data back into Revit. The add-on that you want to look into is Ideate BIMLink.
I have provided a link to the BIMLink website. You should have a look at it and check out some of the Youtube videos as well so that you can see a demonstration of how it works. It is a very powerful program that can save you a lot of time with your schedule edits.
If you have any questions, please let me know. I am more than happy to help!
Sash Kazeminejad
Thanks SashKaz, I will definately look into it. If this wroks you are a legend
Please let me know if you have any questions. BIMLink is a powerful add-in and works extremely well. The website and Youtube videos will give you a good idea of what it can do.
Sash Kazeminejad
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The Minneapolis City Council voted unanimously against a proposed state constitutional amendment to ban marriage for same-sex couples in Minnesota. Minneapolis Mayor R.T. Rybak will sign the measure, which also urges state residents to vote against the amendment in November. "We took this step because it is critical that every person in Minneapolis can make a commitment to the person they love," said Mayor R.T. Rybak. "Minneapolis has a history of embracing diversity, and we're a stronger community for it," said Council Member Elizabeth Glidden.
According to results of the Minnesota House of Representatives State Fair Poll, visitors to the Fair support marriage equality. About 66.5 percent of those surveyed voted against an amendment that will appear on the 2012 ballot. It would define marriage as "only a union of one man and one woman". About 30 percent voted yes. A record number of fairgoers were surveyed. The results are very surprising when one considers the conservative demographic of most fairgoers.


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'Hit A Cat I'll Hit Your Kid'
Tina Teixeira is taking action against speeding drivers that ran over her cat. She's put up a sign that says "Hit a Cat I'll Hit Your Kid." She has another, a message to the cat killer, that says "May God Have Mercy On Your Souls." Besides signs, Tina spits. Read More ›


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I'm so glad you're here! This site is dedicated to Christians of all denominations. In my 20-year journey I've met believers of many different faiths; and I have discovered a unity in our love of Christ, our Savior. In an effort to share this love with as many people as possible, this site offers Christian gifts and Christian patterns for dolls, angels and samplers that express humor, homespun wisdom, prayers and Christian sentiments. You'll find stitching instructions and interesting articles, too.
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Simple Strategies For Healthy Skin
Between shuttling kids from place to place, running errands and baking those classroom cupcakes, moms tend to put themselves last on their to-do list. But you don't have to sacrifice great skin when you're pressed for time. Use these skin-saving tricks to help keep your skin looking radiant!
End the day with clean skinThe single most important skin-saver for a busy mom is to cleanse thoroughly every single night before bed. Even on those days when you fall asleep before your head hits the pillow, set aside two minutes to wash your face. Choose a gentle cleanser that will take off the day's grime and all your makeup. Pat your skin dry, and apply a rich cream that will work to hydrate your skin overnight. You can choose to add serums, exfoliants or other specialized treatments to your routine, but for a busy, tired mom, simply focus on cleansing and moisturizing. By keeping your skin clean and moisturized, you're creating a blemish-free palette that will look fresh and dewy even on the days you forgo makeup. Sip to clear skinDry skin looks dull and flaky. Fine lines and wrinkles are more pronounced. Save your skin by staying hydrated. Drink water throughout the day. Fill a couple of reusable water bottles to keep in your car on busy days. Just as it's important to stay hydrated with plenty of water, it's crucial to avoid beverages that zap moisture such as caffeinated sodas. Go ahead and enjoy that morning cappuccino or afternoon Diet Coke, but save your skin by sipping extra water along with your indulgent beverage. Same goes for that evening cocktail or glass of wine — enjoy it, but to keep your skin clear, drink water alongside the alcoholic beverage. Prepare for an emergencyHave you ever glanced in the rearview mirror and found yourself surprised by your appearance? Maybe you have puffy eyes or dark circles, or maybe a line appeared that you swear wasn't there yesterday. When you feel like your skin isn't looking its best, pull out a stash of emergency skin-savers that you can use to perk up your face. For example, in a pinch, you can use wet wipes (preferably alcohol-free) to eliminate sweat and grime. Follow up with a lightweight moisturizer and a dash of powder. Keep those items in your glove compartment so you can touch up and de-shine on the go. If you spend a lot of time sitting in your car waiting for kids to come out of practice or rehearsal, toss in your purse a couple of skin-savers such as pore-refining strips or undereye gel. Take advantage of that quiet waiting time to give yourself a mini-facial. Watch: Video tutorial on giving your skin a luminous glowRead moreFrom power meeting to play date: Double-duty fashion for moms


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Relevant Population Characteristics for Physical Activity: Recommended Aerobic Activity Among Adults
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Relevant Population Characteristics
There are age, gender, and socio-economic related risk factors associated with physical inactivity.
Related Relevant Population Characteristics Indicators:
Utah Population Characteristics: Age Distribution of the Population
Utah Population Characteristics: Education Level in the Population
Obesity Among Adults
Overweight or Obese
Physical Activity: Recommended Muscle-strengthening Among Adults
Utah Population Characteristics: Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Population
Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Obesity Program, Bureau of Health Promotion, Division of Disease Control and Prevention, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84114-2107, Telephone: Rebecca Fronberg 801-538-6229, Julia Shumway 801-538-6387
The information provided above is from the Utah Department of Health's Center for Health Data IBIS-PH web site (http://ibis.health.utah.gov). The information published on this website may be reproduced without permission. Please use the following citation: "Retrieved Sun, 09 March 2014 8:13:34 from Utah Department of Health, Center for Health Data, Indicator-Based Information System for Public Health Web site: http://ibis.health.utah.gov".
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Nate Robinson compares cultures of Knicks, Celtics
Chris SheridanBy Chris Sheridan It has been 97 days since the Knicks traded Nate Robinson to the Boston Celtics for Bill Walker, Eddie House and J.R. Giddens, which has given Robinson some time to appreciate the difference in cultures of the two franchises. ...
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Knicks, Celtics have tentative agreement
Chris SheridanMultiple sources say the Knicks have reached a tentative agreement on a deal with Boston sending Nate Robinson and a second player to the Celtics for Eddie House, J.R. Giddens and Bill Walker. The identity of the second New York player was not immedi...
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Kobe Bryant-Ron Artest, Derek Fisher fouls being reviewed by NBA
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Boston starts to rebuild roster, signs House to one-year deal
Chris SheridanThe Boston Celtics began filling out their trade-depleted roster Wednesday a day after acquiring Kevin Garnett, agreeing to terms with journeyman guard Eddie House on a one-year, $1.5 million contract.
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(01-20-2012 11:40 AM)rayeates Wrote: Very nice hits! Walt (pen1fan) should be on you about that Vitale, and I think that I would like a shot at the Subban! Great stuff, Dave! Randi
(01-20-2012 05:05 PM)pens fan addict Wrote: Nice hits for not reallyt wanting the stuff. Is the Vitale the Regular one?


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LAN Switching Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15M&T
Cisco HWIC-4ESW and HWIC-D-9ESW EtherSwitch Interface Cards
Cisco HWIC-4ESW and HWIC-D-9ESW EtherSwitch Interface Cards
Last Updated: December 3, 2012
This document provides configuration tasks for the 4-port Cisco HWIC-4ESW and the 9-port Cisco HWIC-D-9ESW EtherSwitch high-speed WAN interface cards (HWICs) hardware feature supported on the Cisco 1800 (modular), Cisco 2800, and Cisco 3800 series Integrated Services Routers. Cisco EtherSwitch HWICs are 10/100BASE-T Layer 2 Ethernet switches with Layer 3 routing capability. (Layer 3 routing is forwarded to the host and is not actually performed at the device.) Traffic between different VLANs on a device is routed through the device platform. Any one port on a Cisco EtherSwitch HWIC may be configured as a stacking port to link to another Cisco EtherSwitch HWIC or EtherSwitch network module in the same system. An optional power module can also be added to provide inline power for IP telephones. The HWIC-D-9ESW HWIC requires a double-wide card slot. This hardware feature does not introduce any new or modified Cisco commands.
Finding Feature InformationYour software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module. Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required. Restrictions for EtherSwitch HWICs
Prerequisites for Installing Two EtherSwitch Network Modules in a Single ChassisA maximum of two EtherSwitch network modules can be installed in a single chassis. If two EtherSwitch network modules of any type are installed in the same chassis, the following configuration requirements must be met:
Information About EtherSwitch HWICs
VLANsFor conceptual information about VLANs, see the "VLANs" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. Inline Power for Cisco IP PhonesFor conceptual information about inline power for Cisco IP phones, see the "Inline Power for Cisco IP Phones" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. Layer 2 Ethernet SwitchingFor conceptual information about Layer 2 Ethernet switching, see the "Layer 2 Ethernet Switching" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. 802.1x AuthenticationFor conceptual information about 802.1x authentication, see the "802.1x Authentication" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. Spanning Tree ProtocolFor conceptual information about Spanning Tree Protocol, see the "Using the Spanning Tree Protocol with the EtherSwitch Network Module" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. Cisco Discovery ProtocolFor conceptual information about Cisco Discovery Protocol, see the "Cisco Discovery Protocol" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. Switched Port AnalyzerFor conceptual information about a switched port analyzer, see the "Switched Port Analyzer" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. IGMP SnoopingFor conceptual information about Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping, see the "IGMP Snooping" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. Storm ControlFor conceptual information about storm control, see the "Storm Control" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. Intrachassis StackingFor conceptual information about intrachassis stacking, see the 'Intrachassis Stacking" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. Fallback BridgingFor conceptual information about fallback bridging, see the "Fallback Bridging" section of the EtherSwitch Network feature module. Default 802.1x ConfigurationThe table shows the default 802.1x configuration:
802.1x Configuration GuidelinesThe 802.1x authentication configuration guidelines are as follows:
How to Configure EtherSwitch HWICs
Configuring VLANsAdding a VLAN InstanceA total of 15 VLANs can be supported by an EtherSwitch HWIC. Perform this task to configure a Fast Ethernet interface as Layer 2 access: DETAILED STEPS Deleting a VLAN Instance from the DatabaseYou cannot delete the default VLANs for the following media types: Ethernet VLAN 1 and FDDI or Token Ring VLANs 1002 to 1005. Perform the following task to delete a VLAN from the database: DETAILED STEPS Configuring VLAN Trunking ProtocolConfiguring a VTP ServerWhen a device is in VTP server mode, you can change the VLAN configuration and propagate it throughout the network. Perform this task to configure the device as a VTP server: DETAILED STEPS Configuring a VTP ClientWhen a device is in a VTP client mode, you cannot change the VLAN configuration on the device. The client device receives VTP updates from a VTP server in the management domain and modifies its configuration accordingly. Perform this task to configure the device as a VTP client: DETAILED STEPS Disabling VTP (Transparent Mode)When you configure the device in a VTP transparent mode, the VTP is disabled on the device. A VTP transparent device does not send VTP updates and does not act on VTP updates received from other devices. Perform this task to disable VTP on the device. DETAILED STEPS Configuring Layer 2 Interfaces
Configuring a Range of Interfaces
DETAILED STEPS Defining a Range Macro
DETAILED STEPS Configuring Layer 2 Optional Interface FeaturesThis section provides the following configuration information:
Configuring the Interface SpeedPerform this task to set the interface speed: When configuring an interface speed, note these guidelines:
Configuring the Interface Duplex ModePerform the following steps to set the duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface: When configuring an interface duplex mode, note these guidelines:
Configuring a Description for an InterfaceYou can add a description of an interface to help you remember its function. The description appears in the output of the following commands: show configuration, show running-config, and show interfaces. Use the description command to add a description for an interface. DETAILED STEPS Configuring a Fast Ethernet Interface as a Layer 2 Trunk
Configuring a Fast Ethernet Interface as Layer 2 Access
Configuring 802.1x Authentication
Enabling 802.1x AuthenticationTo enable 802.1x port-based authentication, you must enable Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) and specify the authentication method list. A method list describes the sequence and authentication methods to be queried to authenticate a user. The software uses the first method listed to authenticate users; if that method fails to respond, the software selects the next authentication method in the method list. This process continues until there is a successful communication with a listed authentication method or until all defined methods are exhausted. If authentication fails at any point in this cycle, the authentication process stops, and other authentication methods are not attempted. For additional information about default 802.1x configuration, see "Default 802.1x Configuration" section. Perform the following task to configure 802.1x port-based authentication. DETAILED STEPS
Configuring the Switch-to-RADIUS-Server CommunicationRADIUS security servers are identified by their hostname or IP address, hostname and specific UDP port numbers, or IP address and specific UDP port numbers. The combination of the IP address and UDP port number creates a unique identifier, which enables RADIUS requests to be sent to multiple UDP ports on a server at the same IP address. If two different host entries on the same RADIUS server are configured for the same service--for example, authentication--the second host entry configured acts as the failover backup to the first one. The RADIUS host entries are tried in the order that they were configured. Perform the following task to configure the RADIUS server parameters on the device. DETAILED STEPS
To delete the specified RADIUS server, use the no radius-server host {hostname | ip-address} global configuration command. You can globally configure the timeout, retransmission, and encryption key values for all RADIUS servers by using the radius-server host global configuration command. If you want to configure these options on a per-server basis, use the radius-server timeout, radius-server retransmit, and the radius-server key global configuration commands. You also need to configure some settings on the RADIUS server. These settings include the IP address of the device and the key string to be shared by both the server and the device. For more information, refer to the RADIUS server documentation. Troubleshooting TipsTo delete the specified RADIUS server, use the no radius server-host { hostname|ip-address} global configuration command. You can globally configure the timeout, retransmission, and encryption key values for all RADIUS servers by using the radius-server host global configuration command. If you want to configure these options on a per-server basis, use the radius-server timeout, radius-server retransmit, and radius-server key commands in global configuration mode. You also need to configure some settings on the RADIUS server. These settings include the IP address of the device and the key string to be shared by both the server and the device. For more information, refer to the RADIUS server documentation. Enabling Periodic ReauthenticationYou can enable periodic 802.1x client reauthentication and specify how often it should occur. If you do not specify a time period before enabling reauthentication, the default time period between reauthentication attempts is 3600 seconds. Automatic 802.1x client reauthentication is a global setting and cannot be set for clients connected to individual ports. Perform the following task to enable periodic reauthentication of the client and to configure the number of seconds between reauthentication attempts. DETAILED STEPS
Changing the Quiet PeriodIf the device cannot authenticate the client, the device remains idle for a set period of time, and then tries again. The idle time is determined by the quiet-period value. A failed authentication of the client might occur because the client provided an invalid password. You can provide a faster response time to the user by entering smaller number than the default. Perform the following task to change the quiet period. DETAILED STEPS
Changing the Device-to-Client Retransmission TimeThe client responds to the EAP-request/identity frame from the device with an EAP-response/identity frame. If the device does not receive this response, it waits for a set period of time (known as the retransmission time), and then retransmits the frame.
Perform the following task to change the amount of time that the device waits for client notification. DETAILED STEPS
Setting the Device-to-Client Frame-Retransmission NumberIn addition to changing the device-to-client retransmission time, you can change the number of times that the device sends an EAP-request/identity frame (assuming no response is received) to the client before restarting the authentication process.
Perform the following task to set the device-to-client frame-retransmission number. DETAILED STEPS
Enabling Multiple HostsYou can attach multiple hosts to a single 802.1x-enabled port. In this mode, only one of the attached hosts must be successfully authorized for all hosts to be granted network access. If the port becomes unauthorized (reauthentication fails, and an EAPOL-logoff message is received), all attached clients are denied access to the network. Perform the following task to allow multiple hosts (clients) on an 802.1x-authorized port that has the dot1x port-control interface configuration command set to auto. DETAILED STEPS
Resetting the 802.1x Configuration to the Default ValuesYou can reset the 802.1x configuration to the default values with a single command. Perform the following task to reset the 802.1x configuration to the default values. DETAILED STEPS
Displaying 802.1x Statistics and StatusTo display 802.1x statistics for all interfaces, use the show dot1x statistics privileged EXEC command. To display 802.1x statistics for a specific interface, use the show dot1x statistics interface interface-id privileged EXEC command. To display the 802.1x administrative and operational status for the device, use the show dot1x privileged EXEC command. To display the 802.1x administrative and operational status for a specific interface, use the show dot1x interface interface-id privileged EXEC command. Configuring Spanning Tree
Enabling Spanning Tree ProtocolYou can enable spanning tree protocol on a per-VLAN basis. The device maintains a separate instance of spanning tree for each VLAN except for which you disable spanning tree. DETAILED STEPS
Configuring Spanning Tree Port Priority
Configuring Spanning Tree Port Cost
Configuring the Bridge Priority of a VLAN
Configuring Hello Time
Configuring the Forward Delay Time for a VLAN
Configuring the Maximum Aging Time for a VLAN
Configuring Spanning Tree Root Bridge
Configuring MAC Table ManipulationPort security is implemented by providing the user with the option to secure a port by allowing only well-known MAC addresses to send in data traffic. Up to 200 secure MAC addresses per HWIC are supported.
Enabling Known MAC Address Traffic
Creating a Static Entry in the MAC Address Table
Configuring and Verifying the Aging TimerThe aging timer may be configured from 16 seconds to 4080 seconds, in 16-second increments. Perform this task to configure the aging timer. DETAILED STEPS
Configuring Cisco Discovery ProtocolEnabling Cisco Discovery Protocol
Enabling CDP on an Interface
Monitoring and Maintaining CDP
Configuring the Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN)
Configuring the SPAN Sources
Configuring SPAN Destinations
Configuring Power Management on the InterfaceThe HWICs can supply inline power to a Cisco 7960 IP phone, if necessary. The Cisco 7960 IP phone can also be connected to an AC power source and supply its own power to the voice circuit. When the Cisco 7960 IP phone is supplying its own power, an HWICs can forward IP voice traffic to and from the phone. A detection mechanism on the HWIC determines whether the device is connected to a Cisco 7960 IP phone. If the device senses that there is no power on the circuit, the device supplies the power. If there is power on the circuit, the device does not supply it. You can configure the device never to supply power to the Cisco 7960 IP phone and to disable the detection mechanism. Follow these steps to manage the powering of the Cisco IP phones. DETAILED STEPS
Configuring IP Multicast Layer 3 Switching
Enabling IP Multicast Routing GloballyYou must enable IP multicast routing globally before you can enable IP multicast Layer 3 switching on Layer 3 interfaces. For complete information and procedures, see the following publications:
Perform the following task to enable IP multicast routing globally. DETAILED STEPS
Enabling IP Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM) on Layer 3 InterfacesYou must enable protocol-independent multicast (PIM) on the Layer 3 interfaces before enabling IP multicast Layer 3 switching functions on those interfaces. Perform this task to enable IP PIM on a Layer 3 interface. DETAILED STEPS
Verifying IP Multicast Layer 3 Hardware Switching Summary
The show ip pim interface countcommand verifies the IP multicast Layer 3 switching enable state on IP PIM interfaces, and verifies the number of packets received and sent on the interface. Use the following show commands to verify IP multicast Layer 3 switching information for an IP PIM Layer 3 interface. DETAILED STEPS
Verifying the IP Multicast Routing TableUse the show ip mroute command to verify the IP multicast routing table:
show ip mroute 220.127.116.11
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags:D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,
U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report, Z - Multicast Tunnel,
Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group
Outgoing interface flags:H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner
Interface state:Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode
(*, 18.104.22.168), 00:09:21/00:02:56, RP 0.0.0.0, flags:DC
Incoming interface:Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Vlan1, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:09:21/00:00:00, H
Configuring IGMP Snooping
Enabling or Disabling IGMP SnoopingBy default, IGMP snooping is globally enabled on the EtherSwitch HWIC. When globally enabled or disabled, it is enabled or disabled in all existing VLAN interfaces. By default, IGMP snooping is enabled on all VLANs, but it can be enabled and disabled on a per-VLAN basis. Global IGMP snooping overrides the per-VLAN IGMP snooping capability. If global snooping is disabled, you cannot enable VLAN snooping. If global snooping is enabled, you can enable or disable snooping on a VLAN basis. Perform this task to globally enable IGMP snooping on the EtherSwitch HWIC. DETAILED STEPS
Enabling IGMP Immediate-Leave ProcessingWhen you enable IGMP Immediate-Leave processing, the EtherSwitch HWIC immediately removes a port from the IP multicast group when it detects an IGMP version 2 Leave message on that port. Immediate-Leave processing allows the device to remove an interface that sends a Leave message from the forwarding table without first sending out group-specific queries to the interface. You should use the Immediate-Leave feature only when there is only a single receiver present on every port in the VLAN. Perform the following task to enable IGMP Immediate-Leave processing. DETAILED STEPS
Statically Configuring an Interface to Join a GroupPorts normally join multicast groups through the IGMP report message, but you can also statically configure a host on an interface. Follow the steps below to add a port as a member of a multicast group. DETAILED STEPS
Configuring a Multicast Device Port
Configuring Per-Port Storm ControlYou can use these techniques to block the forwarding of unnecessary flooded traffic. By default, unicast, broadcast, and multicast suppression is disabled. Enabling Per-Port Storm Control
Disabling Per-Port Storm Control
Configuring StackingStacking is the connection of two device modules resident in the same chassis so that they behave as a single device. When a chassis is populated with two device modules, the user must configure to operate in stacked mode. This is done by selecting one port from each device module and configuring it to be a stacking partner. The user must then use a cable to connect the stacking partners from each device module to physically stack the device modules. Any one port in a device module can be designated as the stacking partner for that device module. Perform this task to configure a pair of ports on two different device modules as stacking partners. DETAILED STEPS
Configuring Fallback BridgingThe table below shows the default fallback bridging configuration.
Creating a Bridge GroupTo configure fallback bridging for a set of switched virtual interfaces (SVIs), these interfaces must be assigned to bridge groups. All interfaces in the same group belong to the same bridge domain. Each SVI can be assigned to only one bridge group. Perform this task to create a bridge group and assign an interface to it. DETAILED STEPS
Preventing the Forwarding of Dynamically Learned StationsBy default, the device forwards any frames for stations that it has dynamically learned. When this activity is disabled, the device only forwards frames whose addresses have been statically configured into the forwarding cache. Perform this task to prevent the device from forwarding frames for stations that it has dynamically learned. DETAILED STEPS
Configuring the Bridge Table Aging TimeA device forwards, floods, or drops packets based on the bridge table. The bridge table maintains both static and dynamic entries. Static entries are entered by the user. Dynamic entries are entered by the bridge learning process. A dynamic entry is automatically removed after a specified length of time, known as aging time, from the time the entry was created or last updated. If you are likely to move hosts on a switched network, decrease the aging time to enable the device to quickly adapt to the change. If hosts on a switched network do not continuously send packets, increase the aging time to keep the dynamic entries for a longer time and thus reduce the possibility of flooding when the hosts send again. Perform this task to configure the aging time. DETAILED STEPS
Filtering Frames by a Specific MAC AddressA device examines frames and sends them through the internetwork according to the destination address; a device does not forward a frame back to its originating network segment. You can use the software to configure specific administrative filters that filter frames based on information other than the paths to their destinations. You can filter frames with a particular MAC-layer station destination address. Any number of addresses can be configured in the system without a performance penalty. Perform this task to filter by the MAC-layer address. DETAILED STEPS
Adjusting Spanning-Tree ParametersYou might need to adjust certain spanning-tree parameters if the default values are not suitable for your device configuration. Parameters affecting the entire spanning tree are configured with variations of the bridge global configuration command. Interface-specific parameters are configured with variations of the bridge-group interface configuration command. You can adjust spanning-tree parameters by performing any of the tasks in these sections:
Changing the Device PriorityYou can globally configure the priority of an individual device when two devices tie for position as the root device, or you can configure the likelihood that a device will be selected as the root device. This priority is determined by default; however, you can change it. Perform this task to change the device priority. DETAILED STEPS
Changing the Interface PriorityYou can change the priority for an interface. When two devices tie for position as the root device, you configure an interface priority to break the tie. The device with the lower interface value is elected. Perform this task to change the interface priority. DETAILED STEPS
Assigning a Path CostEach interface has a path cost associated with it. By convention, the path cost is 1000/data rate of the attached LAN, in Mbps. Perform this task to assign a path cost. DETAILED STEPS
Adjusting BPDU IntervalsYou can adjust bridge protocol data unit (BPDU) intervals as described in these sections:
Adjusting the Interval Between Hello BPDUs
Changing the Forward-Delay IntervalThe forward-delay interval is the amount of time spent listening for topology change information after an interface has been activated for switching and before forwarding actually begins. Perform this task to change the forward-delay interval. DETAILED STEPS
Changing the Maximum-Idle IntervalIf a device does not hear BPDUs from the root device within a specified interval, it recomputes the spanning-tree topology. Perform this task to change the maximum-idle interval (maximum aging time). DETAILED STEPS
Disabling the Spanning Tree on an InterfaceWhen a loop-free path exists between any two switched subnetworks, you can prevent BPDUs generated in one switching subnetwork from impacting devices in the other switching subnetwork, yet still permit switching throughout the network as a whole. For example, when switched LAN subnetworks are separated by a WAN, BPDUs can be prevented from traveling across the WAN link. Perform this task to disable spanning tree on an interface. DETAILED STEPS
Monitoring and Maintaining the Network
Configuring Separate Voice and Data SubnetsThe HWICs can automatically configure voice VLANs. This capability overcomes the management complexity of overlaying a voice topology onto a data network while maintaining the quality of voice traffic. With the automatically configured voice VLAN feature, network administrators can segment phones into separate logical networks, even though the data and voice infrastructure is physically the same. The voice VLAN feature places the phones into their own VLANs without the need for end-user intervention. A user can plug the phone into the device, which provides with the necessary VLAN information. For ease of network administration and increased scalability, network managers can configure the HWICs to support Cisco IP phones such that the voice and data traffic reside on separate subnets. You should always use separate VLANs when you are able to segment the existing IP address space of your branch office. User priority bits in the 802.1p portion of the 802.1Q standard header are used to provide prioritization in Ethernet devices. This is a vital component in designing Cisco AVVID networks. The HWICs provides the performance and intelligent services of Cisco software for branch office applications. The HWICs can identify user applications--such as voice or multicast video--and classify traffic with the appropriate priority levels. Follow these steps to automatically configure Cisco IP phones to send voice traffic on the voice VLAN ID (VVID) on a per-port basis (see the "Voice Traffic and VVID" section). DETAILED STEPS
Configuring a Single Subnet for Voice and DataFor network designs with incremental IP telephony deployment, network managers can configure the HWICs so that the voice and data traffic coexist on the same subnet. This might be necessary when it is impractical either to allocate an additional IP subnet for IP phones or to divide the existing IP address space into an additional subnet at the remote branch, it might be necessary to use a single IP address space for branch offices. (This is one of the simpler ways to deploy IP telephony.) This configuration approach must address two key considerations:
Perform this task to automatically configure Cisco IP phones to send voice and data traffic on the same VLAN. DETAILED STEPS
Managing the EtherSwitch HWIC
Adding Trap ManagersA trap manager is a management station that receives and processes traps. When you configure a trap manager, community strings for each member device must be unique. If a member device has an IP address assigned to it, the management station accesses the device by using its assigned IP address. By default, no trap manager is defined, and no traps are issued. Perform this task to add a trap manager and community string. DETAILED STEPS
Configuring IP InformationThis section describes how to assign IP information on the HWICs. The following topics are included:
Assigning IP Information to the DeviceYou can use a BOOTP server to automatically assign IP information to the device; however, the BOOTP server must be set up in advance with a database of physical MAC addresses and corresponding IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateway addresses. In addition, the device must be able to access the BOOTP server through one of its ports. At startup, a device without an IP address requests the information from the BOOTP server; the requested information is saved in the device running the configuration file. To ensure that the IP information is saved when the device is restarted, save the configuration by entering the write memory command in privileged EXEC mode. You can change the information in these fields. The mask identifies the bits that denote the network number in the IP address. When you use the mask to subnet a network, the mask is then referred to as a subnet mask. The broadcast address is reserved for sending messages to all hosts. The CPU sends traffic to an unknown IP address through the default gateway. Perform this task to enter the IP information. DETAILED STEPS
Removing IP Information From a DeviceUse the following procedure to remove the IP information (such as an IP address) from a device.
If you are removing the IP address through a telnet session, your connection to the device will be lost . Specifying a Domain Name and Configuring the DNSEach unique IP address can have a host name associated with it. The Cisco software maintains an EXEC mode and related Telnet support operations. This cache speeds the process of converting names to addresses. IP defines a hierarchical naming scheme that allows a device to be identified by its location or domain. Domain names are pieced together with periods (.) as the delimiting characters. For example, Cisco Systems is a commercial organization that IP identifies by a com domain name, so its domain name is cisco.com. A specific device in this domain, the FTP system, for example, is identified as ftp.cisco.com. To track domain names, IP has defined the concept of a domain name server (DNS), the purpose of which is to hold a cache (or database) of names mapped to IP addresses. To map domain names to IP addresses, you must first identify the host names and then specify a name server and enable the DNS, the Internet's global naming scheme that uniquely identifies network devices. Specifying the Domain NameYou can specify a default domain name that the software uses to complete domain name requests. You can specify either a single domain name or a list of domain names. When you specify a domain name, any IP host name without a domain name has that domain name appended to it before being added to the host table. Specifying a Name ServerYou can specify up to six hosts that can function as a name server to supply name information for the DNS. Enabling the DNSIf your network devices require connectivity with devices in networks for which you do not control name assignment, you can assign device names that uniquely identify your devices within the entire internetwork. The Internet's global naming scheme, the DNS, accomplishes this task. This service is enabled by default. Enabling Switched Port AnalyzerYou can monitor traffic on a given port by forwarding incoming and outgoing traffic on the port to another port in the same VLAN. A Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) cannot monitor ports in a different VLAN, and a SPAN port must be a static-access port. Any number of ports can be defined as SPAN ports, and any combination of ports can be monitored. SPAN is supported for up to 2 sessions. Perform this task to enable SPAN. DETAILED STEPS
Disabling SPAN
Managing the ARP TableTo communicate with a device (on Ethernet, for example), the software first must determine the 48-bit MAC or local data link address of that device. The process of determining the local data link address from an IP address is called address resolution. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) associates a host IP address with the corresponding media or MAC addresses and VLAN ID. Taking an IP address as input, ARP determines the associated MAC address. Once a MAC address is determined, the IP-MAC address association is stored in an ARP cache for rapid retrieval. Then the IP datagram is encapsulated in a link-layer frame and sent over the network. Encapsulation of IP datagrams and ARP requests and replies on IEEE 802 networks other than Ethernet is specified by the Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP). By default, standard Ethernet-style ARP encapsulation (represented by the arpa keyword) is enabled on the IP interface. When you manually add entries to the ARP table by using the CLI, you must be aware that these entries do not age and must be manually removed. Managing the MAC Address TablesThis section describes how to manage the MAC address tables on the HWICs. The following topics are included: The device uses the MAC address tables to forward traffic between ports. All MAC addresses in the address tables are associated with one or more ports. These MAC tables include the following types of addresses:
The address tables list the destination MAC address and the associated VLAN ID, module, and port number associated with the address. The following shows an example of a list of addresses as they would appear in the dynamic, secure, or static address table.
Device# show mac-address-table
Destination Address Address Type VLAN Destination Port
------------------- ------------ ---- --------------------
000a.000b.000c Secure 1 FastEthernet0/1/8
000d.e105.cc70 Self 1 Vlan1
00aa.00bb.00cc Static 1 FastEthernet0/1/0
All addresses are associated with a VLAN. An address can exist in more than one VLAN and have different destinations in each. Multicast addresses, for example, could be forwarded to port 1 in VLAN 1 and ports 9, 10, and 11 in VLAN 5. Each VLAN maintains its own logical address table. A known address in one VLAN is unknown in another until it is learned or statically associated with a port in the other VLAN. An address can be secure in one VLAN and dynamic in another. Addresses that are statically entered in one VLAN must be static addresses in all other VLANs. Dynamic addresses are source MAC addresses that the device learns and then drops when they are not in use. Use the Aging Time field to define how long the device retains unseen addresses in the table. This parameter applies to all VLANs. Setting too short an aging time can cause addresses to be prematurely removed from the table. Then when the device receives a packet for an unknown destination, it floods the packet to all ports in the same VLAN as the receiving port. This unnecessary flooding can impact performance. Setting too long an aging time can cause the address table to be filled with unused addresses; it can cause delays in establishing connectivity when a workstation is moved to a new port. Perform this task to configure the dynamic address table aging time. DETAILED STEPS
Removing Dynamic Addresses
Adding Secure AddressesThe secure address table contains secure MAC addresses and their associated ports and VLANs. A secure address is a manually entered unicast address that is forwarded to only one port per VLAN. If you enter an address that is already assigned to another port, the device reassigns the secure address to the new port. You can enter a secure port address even when the port does not yet belong to a VLAN. When the port is later assigned to a VLAN, packets destined for that address are forwarded to the port.
Perform this task to add a secure address. DETAILED STEPS
Removing a Secure Address
Configuring Static AddressesA static address has the following characteristics:
Because all ports are associated with at least one VLAN, the device acquires the VLAN ID for the address from the ports that you select on the forwarding map. A static address in one VLAN must be a static address in other VLANs. A packet with a static address that arrives on a VLAN where it has not been statically entered is flooded to all ports and not learned. Perform this task to add a static address. DETAILED STEPS
Removing a Static Address
Clearing All MAC Address Tables
Configuration Examples for EtherSwitch HWICs
Range of Interface ExamplesExample: Single Range ConfigurationThe following example shows all Fast Ethernet interfaces on an HWIC-4ESW in slot 2 being reenabled: Device(config)# interface range fastethernet 0/3/0 - 8 Device(config-if-range)# no shutdown Device(config-if-range)# *Mar 21 14:01:21.474: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3/0, changed state to up *Mar 21 14:01:21.490: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3/1, changed state to up *Mar 21 14:01:21.502: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3/2, changed state to up *Mar 21 14:01:21.518: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3/3, changed state to up *Mar 21 14:01:21.534: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3/4, changed state to up *Mar 21 14:01:21.546: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3/5, changed state to up *Mar 21 14:01:21.562: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3/6, changed state to up *Mar 21 14:01:21.574: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3/7, changed state to up *Mar 21 14:01:21.590: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3/8, changed state to up Device(config-if-range)# Example: Range Macro DefinitionThe following example shows how to define an interface-range macro named enet_list to select Fast Ethernet interfaces 0/1/0 through 0/1/3: Device(config)# define interface-range enet_list fastethernet 0/1/0 - 0/1/3 The following example shows how to define an interface-range configuration mode using the interface-range macro enet_list: Device(config)# interface-range macro enet_list Optional Interface Feature Examples
Example: StackingThe following example shows how to stack two HWICs. Device(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/1/8 Device(config-if)# no shutdown Device(config-if)# switchport stacking-partner interface FastEthernet 0/3/8 Device(config-if)# interface FastEthernet 0/3/8 Device(config-if)# no shutdown
Example: VLAN ConfigurationThe following example shows how to configure inter-VLAN routing: Device> enable Device# configure terminal Device(config)# vlan 45 Device(config-vlan)# vlan 1 Device(config-vlan)# vlan 2 Device(config-vlan)# exit Device# configure terminal Device(config)# interface vlan 1 Device(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 Device(config-if)# no shut Device(config-if)# interface vlan 2 Device(config-if)# ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 Device(config-if)# no shut Device(config-if)# interface FastEthernet 0/1/0 Device(config-if)# switchport access vlan 1 Device(config-if)# interface Fast Ethernet 0/1/1 Device(config-if)# switchport access vlan 2 Device(config-if)# exit Example: VLAN Trunking Using VTPThe following example shows how to configure the device as a VTP server: Device# vlan database Device(vlan)# vtp server Setting device to VTP SERVER mode. Device(vlan)# vtp domain Lab _Network Setting VTP domain name to Lab_Network Device(vlan)# vtp password WATER Setting device VLAN database password to WATER. Device(vlan)# exit APPLY completed. Exiting.... Device# The following example shows how to configure the device as a VTP client: Device# vlan database Device(vlan)# vtp client Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode. Device(vlan)# exit In CLIENT state, no apply attempted. Exiting.... Device# The following example shows how to configure the device as VTP transparent: Device# vlan database Device(vlan)# vtp transparent Setting device to VTP TRANSPARENT mode. Device(vlan)# exit APPLY completed. Exiting.... Device# Spanning Tree Examples
Example: Configuring Spanning Tree Port PriorityThe following example shows how to configure VLAN port priority on an interface: Device# configure terminal Device(config)# interface fastethernet 0/3/2 Device(config-if)# spanning-tree vlan 20 port priority 64 Device(config-if)# end The following example shows how to verify the configuration of VLAN 20 on an interface when it is configured as a trunk port:
Device#show spanning-tree vlan 20
VLAN20 is executing the ieee compatible Spanning Tree protocol
Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 00ff.ff90.3f54
Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15
Current root has priority 32768, address 00ff.ff10.37b7
Root port is 33 (FastEthernet0/3/2), cost of root path is 19
Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set
Number of topology flags 0 last change occurred 00:05:50 ago
Times: hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2
hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15
Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0, aging 0
Port 33 (FastEthernet0/3/2) of VLAN20 is forwarding
Port path cost 18, Port priority 64, Port Identifier 64.33
Designated root has priority 32768, address 00ff.ff10.37b7
Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00ff.ff10.37b7
Designated port id is 128.13, designated path cost 0
Timers: message age 2, forward delay 0, hold 0
Number of transitions to forwarding state: 1
BPDU: sent 1, received 175
Example: Configuring Spanning Tree Port CostThe following example shows how to change the spanning tree port cost of a Fast Ethernet interface: Device# configure terminal Device(config)# interface fastethernet0/3/2 Device(config-if)# spanning-tree cost 18 Device(config-if)# end Device# Device# show run interface fastethernet0/3/2 Building configuration... Current configuration: 140 bytes ! interface FastEthernet0/3/2 switchport access vlan 20 no ip address spanning-tree vlan 20 port-priority 64 spanning-tree cost 18 end The following example shows how to verify the configuration of a Fast Ethernet interface when it is configured as an access port:
Device# show spanning-tree interface fastethernet0/3/2
Port 33 (FastEthernet0/3/2) of VLAN20 is forwarding
Port path cost 18, Port priority 64, Port Identifier 64.33
Designated root has priority 32768, address 00ff.ff10.37b7
Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00ff.ff10.37b7
Designated port id is 128.13, designated path cost 0
Timers: message age 2, forward delay 0, hold 0
Number of transitions to forwarding state: 1
BPDU: sent 1, received 175
Example: Enabling Spanning Tree ProtocolThe following example shows how to enable spanning tree protocol on VLAN 20: Device# configure terminal Device(config)# spanning-tree vlan 20 Device(config)# end Device#
The following example shows how to disable spanning tree protocol on VLAN 20: Device# configure terminal Device(config)# no spanning-tree vlan 20 Device(config)# end Device# Example: MAC Table ManipulationThe following example shows how to configure a static entry in the MAC address table: Device(config)# mac-address-table static beef.beef.beef interface fastethernet 0/1/5 Device(config)# end The following example shows how to configure the port security in the MAC address table. Device(config)# mac-address-table secure 0000.1111.2222 fastethernet 0/1/2 vlan 3 Device(config)# end Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) Source Examples
Example: IGMP SnoopingThe following example shows the output from configuring IGMP snooping: Device# show mac-address-table multicast igmp-snooping HWIC Slot: 1 -------------- MACADDR VLANID INTERFACES 0100.5e05.0505 1 Fa0/1/1 0100.5e06.0606 2 HWIC Slot: 3 -------------- MACADDR VLANID INTERFACES 0100.5e05.0505 1 Fa0/3/4 0100.5e06.0606 2 Fa0/3/0 Device# The following is an example of output from the show running interface privileged EXEC command for VLAN 1: Device# show running interface vlan 1 Building configuration... Current configuration :82 bytes ! interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.4.90 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode end Device# show running interface vlan 2 Building configuration... Current configuration :82 bytes ! interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.5.90 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode end Device# Device# show ip igmp group IGMP Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter 184.108.40.206 Vlan1 01:06:40 00:02:20 192.168.41.101 22.214.171.124 Vlan2 01:07:50 00:02:17 192.168.5.90 184.108.40.206 Vlan1 01:06:37 00:02:25 192.168.41.100 126.96.36.199 Vlan2 01:07:40 00:02:21 192.168.31.100 220.127.116.11 Vlan1 01:06:36 00:02:22 192.168.41.101 220.127.116.11 Vlan2 01:06:39 00:02:20 192.168.31.101 Device# Device# show ip mroute IP Multicast Routing Table Flags:D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected, L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry, X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement, U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report Outgoing interface flags:H - Hardware switched Timers:Uptime/Expires Interface state:Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode (*, 188.8.131.52), 01:06:43/00:02:17, RP 0.0.0.0, flags:DC Incoming interface:Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan1, Forward/Sparse, 01:06:43/00:02:17 (*, 18.104.22.168), 01:12:42/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags:DCL Incoming interface:Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan2, Forward/Sparse, 01:07:53/00:02:14 (*, 126.96.36.199), 01:07:43/00:02:22, RP 0.0.0.0, flags:DC Incoming interface:Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan1, Forward/Sparse, 01:06:40/00:02:22 Vlan2, Forward/Sparse, 01:07:44/00:02:17 (*, 126.96.36.1992), 01:06:43/00:02:18, RP 0.0.0.0, flags:DC Incoming interface:Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan1, Forward/Sparse, 01:06:40/00:02:18 Vlan2, Forward/Sparse, 01:06:43/00:02:16 Device# Example: Storm-ControlThe following example shows how to enable bandwidth-based multicast suppression at 70 percent on Fast Ethernet interface 2: Device> enable Device# configure terminal Device(config)# interface FastEthernet0/3/3 Device(config-if)# storm-control multicast threshold 70.0 30.0 Device(config-if)# end Device# show interfaces FastEthernet0/3/3 counters storm-control Interface Filter State Upper Lower Current --------- ------------ ----- ----- ------- Fa0/1/0 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/1/1 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/1/2 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/1/3 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/3/0 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/3/1 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/3/2 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/3/3 Forwarding 70.00% 30.00% 0.00% Fa0/3/4 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/3/5 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/3/6 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/3/7 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Fa0/3/8 inactive 100.00% 100.00% N/A Ethernet Switching Examples
Example: Subnets for Voice and DataThe following example shows how to configure separate subnets for voice and data on the EtherSwitch HWIC: interface FastEthernet0/1/1 description DOT1Q port to IP Phone switchport native vlan 50 switchport mode trunk switchport voice vlan 150 interface Vlan 150 description voice vlan ip address 188.8.131.52 255.255.255.0 ip helper-address 188.8.131.52 (See Note below) interface Vlan 50 description data vlan ip address 126.96.36.199 255.255.255.0 This configuration instructs the IP phone to generate a packet with an 802.1Q VLAN ID of 150 that has 802.1p value of 5 (default for voice bearer traffic).
Be aware that Cisco software supports a DHCP server function. If this function is used, the EtherSwitch HWIC serves as a local DHCP server and a helper address would not be required. Example: Inter-VLAN RoutingConfiguring inter-VLAN routing is identical to the configuration on an EtherSwitch HWIC with an MSFC. Configuring an interface for WAN routing is consistent with other Cisco software platforms. The following example provides a sample configuration: interface Vlan 160 description voice vlan ip address 10.6.1.1 255.255.255.0 interface Vlan 60 description data vlan ip address 10.60.1.1 255.255.255.0 interface Serial0/3/0 ip address 18.104.22.168 255.255.255.0
Example: Single Subnet ConfigurationThe EtherSwitch HWIC supports the use of an 802.1p-only option when configuring the voice VLAN. Using this option allows the IP phone to tag VoIP packets with a Cost of Service of 5 on the native VLAN, while all PC data traffic is sent untagged The following example shows a single subnet configuration for the EtherSwitch HWIC:
Device# FastEthernet 0/1/2
description Port to IP Phone in single subnet
switchport access vlan 40
The EtherSwitch HWIC instructs the IP phone to generate an 802.1Q frame with a null VLAN ID value but with an 802.1p value (default is COS of 5 for bearer traffic). The voice and data VLANs are both 40 in this example. Example: Ethernet Ports on IP Phones with Multiple PortsThe following example illustrates the configuration for the IP phone: interface FastEthernet0/x/x switchport voice vlan x switchport mode trunk The following example illustrates the configuration for the PC: interface FastEthernet0/x/y switchport mode access switchport access vlan y
Additional References for IEEE 802.1Q TunnelingRelated DocumentsTechnical Assistance
Feature Information for the Cisco HWIC-4ESW and the Cisco HWIC-D-9ESW EtherSwitch CardsThe following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature. Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R) Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and phone numbers used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses and phone numbers. Any examples, command display output, network topology diagrams, and other figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses or phone numbers in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental.
© 2012 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.


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US Syracuse ends regular season with win at Florida State Jerami Grant returned to the lineup and Syracuse came out of Florida State with a 74-58 win Sunday. Updated 8:01 PM
Cooperstown 'Sugaring Off Sunday' in Cooperstown The Farmer's Museum in Cooperstown is celebrating maple syrup all month long. It's called "Sugaring Off Sunday" and it will take place every Sunday in March. 6:46 PM
Carthage Thousand Islands Area Habitat for Humanity preparing for Carthage project An old industrial site will soon get new life thanks to the Thousand Islands Area Habitat for Humanity. Our Elizabeth Jeneault has more on the organization's excitement for the new housing project. Updated 6:41 PM
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Geddes Pedestrian hit by car in Geddes A 16-year-old is now in fair condition after being hit by a car in the Town of Geddes. Updated 4:17 PM
NY State Fair Motorsports Expo means racing season's almost here Racing fans filled the Center of Progress Building this week at the state fairgrounds for the 28th Annual Motorsports Expo. 4:12 PM
Central New York Baby dies in Utica house fire Firefighters responded to a call at 1508 Dudley Avenue around 10 a.m. Sunday. Utica's fire chief said a five-month-old infant was trapped on the second floor. The community is trying to come to terms with the loss. Updated 4:02 PM
City of Syracuse Body found is that of missing elderly woman According to investigators, the body of a woman was found in a driveway along the 200 block of Carbon Street. 3:53 PM
Utica Driver and passenger face heroin charges following head-on crash Police said the crash happened around 4 p.m. Saturday. Officers say Claudia Knox, 43, was driving in the wrong lane when she hit another car head-on. 2:18 PM
Watertown Watertown Urban Mission gearing up for groundbreaking The Watertown Urban Mission's food pantry already serves hundreds of families, but may soon be able to help out more. That's because major renovations will kick off at the non-profit's building next week. Our Elizabeth Jeneault caught up with the mission to discuss their excitement for the organization's future. 03/08/2014 06:00 PM
New York Governor urges residents to prepare for natural disasters Officials in New York State say it's time for individuals to be more prepared for natural disasters. The Citizen Preparedness Corps Training Program is a new initiative by Governor Cuomo to teach families and groups what they need to know in the event of an emergency. Our Candace Hopkins tells us why this training is necessary. 03/08/2014 03:28 PM
City of Syracuse Silver Knights help raise funds for girl needing seizure dog The Silver Knights are making an impact on and off the field. During their Friday evening game they recognized 3-year-old Arianna Failla. She's suffering from a rare disease and needs help raising money for a Seizure Alert Dog. Our Iris St. Meran tells us about the girl who took the first kick. 03/07/2014 11:02 PM
Albany Astorino may have to work to get backing of Republicans in legislature Republican candidate for governor Rob Astorino tours Upstate New York ahead of his weekend to explain why he's planning to go head-to-head with Governor Andrew Cuomo. Capital Tonight's Nick Reisman has more on the trip. 03/07/2014 08:06 PM
New York Inmate Education Part 3: Race, class and life after incarceration In the final installment of our series Inmate Education, we spoke with a graduate of Bard's Prison Initiative. Just six months after his release, he talks to our Eva McKend about how race and class plays a role in mass incarceration and how education can make the difference. 03/07/2014 07:50 PM
New York Doctors say FDA approved drug could be deadly Researchers at UB are warning physicians on the dangers of a new FDA approved painkiller. 03/07/2014 07:44 PM
Central New York Astorino: Taking first steps in potentially tough battle Westchester County's executive has wrapped up a swing through Upstate New York, unveiling his candidacy for Governor of New York. Our Bill Carey says Rob Astorino is taking the first steps in what could be a very tough battle. 03/07/2014 07:01 PM
US Lent boosts fish fry business Fish Fry Businesses throughout the region gear up for this time of year. But, whether it's for religious reasons or just some great fish fry people are taking advantage of the great food. As our Katie Gibas reports, for some organizations, these lenten fish fries help them pay their bills and continue their mission throughout the year. 03/07/2014 05:25 PM
New York City Member of Lackawanna Six takes the stand in terrorism trial As Time Warner Cable News reporter Dean Meminger tells us, it remains to be seen if the witness helps or hurts the government's case. 03/07/2014 04:14 PM
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"The way to love someone is to lightly run your finger over that person's soul until you find a crack, and then gently pour your love into that crack."
Keith Miller (via spenceralthouse)(Source: considerthishippie, via dane1212)
(Source: considerthishippie, via dane1212)
It all makes sense now. Gay marriage and marijuana are being legalized at the same time.
Leviticus 20:13 says if a man lays with another man, he should be stoned.
We were just misinterpreting it.WAIT
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