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Is Haskell liberal or conservative? (Response post to Yegge) (blog.ezyang.com)
submitted 1 year ago by ezyang
[–]ReinH 27 points28 points29 points 1 year ago
All this does is accept and validate a framing device that is too flawed to even merit serious consideration.
There are plenty of useful dimensions we can use to analyze programming languages (which are a multivariate problem-space). The "conservative-liberal dimension" is of negative utility. All it does is lower the level of discourse to Sean Hannity / Anne Coulter levels. Seriously, what's next? Comparing static typing to Hitler?
[–]jberryman 5 points6 points7 points 1 year ago
Well at least the type checker gets the trains running on time! (jumps out window)
[–]808140 4 points5 points6 points 1 year ago
You were making a joke perhaps, but the automatization routines for Paris's metro line 14 (and now also line 1, which is still in its test phases) were all formally verified using Coq. So in a way, yes, static type checkers do get the trains running on time. :)
[–]Seele 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago
...what's next? Comparing static typing to Hitler?
Sombody has already compared agressive optimization to Stalin - "Stalin brutally optimizes."
Stalin (STAtic Language ImplementatioN) is an aggressive optimizing batch whole-program Scheme compiler written by Jeffrey Mark Siskind. It uses advanced flow analysis and type inference and a variety of other optimization techniques to produce code (using C as an intermediate language) that is very fast, particularly for numerical code. In a number of tests it has outperformed hand-written C, sometimes by a considerable margin. Stalin is intended for production use in generating an optimized executable.
Which is not historically accurate since Stalin was brutally incompetent.
[–]swaggler 15 points16 points17 points 1 year ago*
Please please please let's stop taking this trash seriously. It does not deserve a response. Yegge's typically dishonest drivel does not belong here. The dressing-up with entertaining writing style is not a satisfactory apology for talkin' crap imo.
[–]SplinterOfChaos 18 points19 points20 points 1 year ago
This is kinda a face palm moment for me. The two-party gradient is wholey unqualified for mapping humans to beliefs. One of the fallasies that such a system creates is that each problem has only two solutions--binary logic. In reality, an infinite number of solutions exist to each problem. Most people do not fall on-the-fense or in either extreme, their beliefs are simply not represented on this axis.
But then, someone on G+ decided to base their programming world-view on this flawed model, while admiting how flawed it is. He goes into a really long post about this false dichotomy and comes out with a conclusion i don't find useful.
Finally, someone writes a blog post to controdict what the G+ guy had to say about Haskell, using the same dichotomy to come to a different conclusion.
Meanwhile, there exists the MBTI and i also know of some similar study done on thinking styles (Concrete-Abstract, Random-Sequential) that relates to programming surprisingly well. (Although wiki shows that his studies my deserve critisism, i still find his model itself useful and comparable to the MBTI's NF, NT, SJ, SP.) Unlike the liberal-conservative model being proposed here today, scientific research has already been done on the MBTI and Gregorc models.
[–]geezusfreeek 11 points12 points13 points 1 year ago
The G+ guy has a very popular blog that also makes similarly weird claims. People take him seriously to an unhealthy extent.
[–]tactics 6 points7 points8 points 1 year ago
Yegge also admits to drinking copious amounts of wine before his posts.
His post on why legalizing marijuana is a Hard Problem is really good, though. People oversimplify things they don't understand.
[–]erikd 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago
That explains why he almost always seems to use 10000 words where 1000 should be sufficient.
[–]winterkoninkje 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago
Just glancing at that CA-RS model, even ignoring the overt sexism and racism in the graphics, it suffers from the same fundamental flaw as MBTI. Being logical, reasoning orderly, and being stoic/unemotional are all very different things. Trying to conflate them only serves to reinforce stereotypes about math/logic and geeks/intellectuals.
[–]SplinterOfChaos 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
Neither the CA-RS or MBTI should be used to pidgeon-hole anyone. People don't just fall snuggly into categories, duh. But it's useful to know the extremes so you can see the patterns.
[–][deleted] 38 points39 points40 points 1 year ago
You're kidding, right?
Don't drag that sleazy pseudo-political false dichotomy bullshit parade into serious topics with actual meaning.
End of thread.
[–]mightybyte 23 points24 points25 points 1 year ago
My thoughts exactly.
ezyang's response is reasonable. But Yegge's post is at best massive trolling/linkbait. He's completely jumped the shark with this one (if he hadn't already).
[–]tactics 5 points6 points7 points 1 year ago
Yegge's primary motive in blogging is to build a better shark. So he can jump it.
[–][deleted] 6 points7 points8 points 1 year ago
Except saying he jumped the shark implies he ever said anything insightful or relevant. As far as I know, he is just (in)famous for being able to use so many words to say so little.
[–]geezusfreeek 10 points11 points12 points 1 year ago
A long blog post with good spelling and grammar is almost guaranteed to be taken seriously, even if it has nothing of actual value. :\
[–]meme-machine 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago
He often says things both insightful and relevant. He spends much more time rambling aimlessly though.
[–]vintermann 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
I noticed this post from following him on Google+, which I did after the services affair.
I thought that was a well-written and interesting rant. It's disappointing to see something so comparatively shallow as the next public post he makes.
[–]winterkoninkje 6 points7 points8 points 1 year ago
Amusingly, the fact that it is a false dichotomy is only brought to the fore by Haskell. They tell us there's only "left" and "right", but then comes along libertarianism (i.e., the European variety, not the American) which is "left and right" but most certainly not "right and left"; heads explode. Then they tell us languages have only "static typing" or "decent usability", and along comes Haskell; heads explode.
[–]DannoHung -6 points-5 points-4 points 1 year ago*
Woah, step off, Edward is one of the GHC compiler hackers, if he thinks it's worthy of discussion, there might be something to it. That said, I generally agree that Yegge gets a little bit too into analogy. There's a core idea that's worthy of discussion about risk aversion versus novel solutions that I'd like to see people actually talk about with regards to language.
edit: Why do I keep thinking Edward's name is Ezra, I do not know.
[–]SplinterOfChaos 7 points8 points9 points 1 year ago
Edward being one of the GHC hackers gives him absolutely no authority in a discussion outside of hacking GHC. If someone walked into the room and explained to you how to make a ham and cheese sandwich, i would not suggest that you listened on account of him being a physicist.
I don't like the pre-supposition that programmers and programming languages can be looked at as being about risk aversion or novel solutions. In fact, both seem like a goal of just about every language, each with a different way of living out the ideal.
The concept of risk aversion itself is somewhat subjective. One might think that dynamic typing reduces risk, however in my own experience, it can make things more difficult or prone to crashing due to type errors. He labels C as liberal, however anyone who works in C must constantly be thinking about the risks in the code., checking every return for errors. He lists Haskell as conservative, but perhaps we also dissagree on the definition of "novel solution".
In terms of unholy taxonomy, he puts assembly language, Python, Lua, Lisp, and C all in the same category and distinct from Ada, Closure, Erlang, SML, Haskell, and Pascal, with C++, Java, C#, D, and Go (the C-based languages) in the middle. These language groupings do not seem logical; not based in the history or evolution of language. What properties can we extract from all liberal or all conservative languages?
[–]DannoHung 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
Hmm, he's talking about Haskell, and he works on the premier implementation of the Haskell language, he has a deep and intimate understanding of the language's syntax and semantics... I would hesitate before I would say that he's unqualified to speak about it with regards to where it falls on a scale of conservative to progressive.
I understand that appeal to authority is not well liked on reddit, but it is not a fallacy that can be dismissed so easily when the authority is relevant to the subject at hand. I've been reading Edward's blog for at least a year and he's never, ever posted something that wasn't worth reading and seriously considering.
He lists Haskell as conservative, but perhaps we also dissagree on the definition of "novel solution".
He does not do so in this blog entry. He talks about aspects of it that could be considered conservative and aspects of it that could be considered progressive. Please read his post more thoroughly.
Also, please distinguish between talking about what Edward has mentioned and what Yegge has discussed. I didn't even get through all of Steve's rant because, honestly, most of the words he writes are never worth reading; I was thankful there was a TLDR at the top.
I don't really care how Steve ranked them, he's full of crap. I do think that risk aversion and novelty are something worth talking about in a general sense though. I feel like Edward's on the right path about talking about this in terms of features. Some of the things he's talking about express a more forward concern with regards to risk management, some present novel solutions to technical issues. Overall though, this sort of discussion really needs to be more focused on development styles and how languages enable or hinder them.
[–]nandemo 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago
I would hesitate before I would say that he's unqualified to speak about it with regards to where it falls on a scale of conservative to progressive.
I think you're missing the point: we don't believe such a bogus scale is a useful concept for talking about software engineering in the first place.
I've been reading Edward's blog for at least a year and he's never, ever posted something that wasn't worth reading and seriously considering.
Exactly. That's all the more reason to be disappointed at this particular post.
Don't get caught up in the politicization aspect of this; risk aversion/management vs novel programming solutions are 100% worth talking about. I don't know what your background is, but for me, this represents some of the fundamental hurdles I face in my work when trying to push forward on things. I want mental tools to discuss this with superiors and coworkers. We all want to write better code, framing things so people can understand how both "conservative" and "progressive" approaches can lead to this goal is useful.
[–]nandemo 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
I can't see how Yegge's post is about risk aversion as opposed to novel programming solutions. Of his 9 points, I think only #8 is related to novel programming solutions.
[–]ReinH 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago
A discussion about risk aversion is useful, but couching it in political terms is an absolutely terrible way of trying to have that discussion. Acknowledging Yegge's fundamentally flawed hypothesis as a valid way to frame the discussion doesn't help.
[–]youngbull 3 points4 points5 points 1 year ago
If you put haskell in a room with Erlang, Ocaml, SML, and agda, it starts looking like the professor from back to the future, "1.21 GIGAWATTS!!". It may look like a strict ivory tower academic from the outside, but once you get to know it you realize it's a rambling buffoon with crazy ideas, its just that all the craziness is cleverly concealed.
[–]vagif 23 points24 points25 points 1 year ago*
Well, let's play his game.
His conclusion: haskell - extremely conservative, dynamic languages - extremely liberal.
He completely missed one of the defining features of conservatism - ignorance. In real life conservatives cluster in heavily religious and uneducated areas.
By that measure haskell/ml are the bastions of liberalism whereas java/c# are the most conservative, and python/ruby fall in the middle (road to liberalism).
Another measure is a social net. Liberalism is all about not letting people die/suffer from deceases/poverty. Heck they even let people recover from financial mistakes (housing bubble).
Again this directly correlates with haskell/ml providing the strongest and widest social net (strong type system) and dynamic languages being a "wild west" of programming industry. And Rubyists are of course the mormons of programming.
He got it ALL wrong :))
[–]hugoestr 5 points6 points7 points 1 year ago
hahaha. Man, this is one of the best pieces of satire I have read in a long time :P
[–]vagif 9 points10 points11 points 1 year ago
By the number of downvotes i'd say people take it quite seriously and are mostly offended. :)
[–]Rickasaurus 5 points6 points7 points 1 year ago
While I disagree with the black and white premise, I'm glad I can call ruby and python users hippies now.
[–]tomejaguar 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
Nice article! Haskell seems to sit at the apex of a triangle whose base is the continuum from liberal to conservative in Yegge's sense. I guess many programmers don't even know what's achievable.
Lisp macros: Why use macros when you can do it properly in Template Haskell!
In many cases lazy evaluation and clever combinators can do exactly what you'd want to do with macros, but in a type-safe way! There's generally no need to go as far as template Haskell.
[–]galvatron 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
Do you have examples where lazy evaluation helps to reduce the need for macros?
[–]jerf 4 points5 points6 points 1 year ago
The traditional example is a short-circuiting control structure. If you write if(cond, trueclause, falseclause) in a traditional strict language, both clauses get executed/evaluated (whichever is appropriate), complete with side effects which may include crashing. In Haskell, the obvious implementation of if (or if' to avoid conflicting with the keyword) works, as whichever clause is discarded will never be evaluated.
if(cond, trueclause, falseclause)
[–]TypeSafe -2 points-1 points0 points 1 year ago
Example of an eager language where this is true?
[–]jerf 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago*
Python 2.7.3 (default, May 30 2012, 00:30:23) [GCC 4.5.3] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> def if2(cond, t, f): ... if cond: ... return t ... else: ... return f ... >>> if2(False, 1/0, 1) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
I mean, since you ask. This is, if not the definition of a strict(/eager) language, very related to it.
For comparison,
GHCi, version 7.4.1: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help Loading package ghc-prim ... linking ... done. Loading package integer-gmp ... linking ... done. Loading package base ... linking ... done. Prelude> let if2 = \c t f -> if c then t else f Prelude> if2 False (1/0) 1 1.0
[–]TypeSafe 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
Sure, but
Python 2.7.3 (default, Aug 1 2012, 05:14:39) [GCC 4.6.3] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> if False: ... 1/0 ... else: ... 1 ... 1
That's the default behavior of the if condition in python. I can't think of a language which has semantics
ite e1 e2 e3 ---------- e1->v1 e2->v2 e3->v3
Edit: I think I understand the source of my confusion. I thought you were referring to the if construction in a programming language, but you were referring to the function evaluation semantics. I think all languages have lazy semantics for if, but you're absolutely correct that almost only Haskell has lazy semantics for application.
[–]winterkoninkje 7 points8 points9 points 1 year ago
In any language with effects (including non-totality), in order to be of any use, the conditional construction must necessarily be lazy in the branches.
The point is: in an eager/cbv language you cannot define a conditional construction without (a) using macros, or (b) reinventing laziness. Whereas, by definition, lazy languages get (b) for free. Thus, in lazy languages you can define the conditional construction yourself, without macros, and without it being built-in.
[–]smog_alado 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago
The whole point is that you wouldn't be able to create your own "if" construct if Python hadn't been generous enough to provide the builtin one for you.
[–]TypeSafe -3 points-2 points-1 points 1 year ago
That's not true. Look up Church encoding.
Of course you can do whatever you want in Python, since its a turing complete language (heck, you could write a Haskell Interpreter in Python and go nuts). The point is that it is a pain in the ass to create lazily-evaluated constructions in Python and when you come up with one its often unwieldy or doesn't play well with existing parts of the language.
[–][deleted] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
If I remember correctly languages built around message passing also have lazy semantics for application. Io comes to mind, and Self.
Cool, I'll have to look into that.
I'll make it easier by linking ~directly to an example reimplementation of if in Io
[–]chrisdoner 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago
FWIW I had a short discussion with a non-Haskeller (but Lisper) about the benefits of built-in laziness (including in contrast to macros).
Thanks! I never actually thought that it's lazyness that makes stuff like foo (print 123) possible. I realize now that I've written a lot of code that relies on this -- I was just taking it for granted that stuff like this just works. :)
[–]almafa 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
To have a personal spin of this, I'm feeling more and more conservative when coding in Haskell. I don't like language extensions, even though I most often like the ideas behind them. The best example is probably type families: I really don't like type families, even though the idea of type families is very appealing... Recently, I even wrote a somewhat big library which turned out to be Haskell98 (with some tricky parts)
[–]berlinbrown -3 points-2 points-1 points 1 year ago
At the core, I would go with Haskell as Conservative or maybe libertarian.
In America, young people will associate liberal with the good guys and conservatives as the racist old white guys.
I look at it differently. If you look at the core political philosophy, 1940s - 1980s? conservatism is supposed to be rooted in limited government inline with early American and traditionalist approach to governing. It is "conservative/traditional" ideas. Liberalism 1940s-2000s seems to be rooted in spending on social issues (trying to address poverty and wealth gaps), attacking issues that have arose out of racism, influx of new immigrants. Liberal/progressive are not conservative.
As it relates to software. C/C++/Java are conservative. By design, they share old ideas from 1970s C style coding.
Haskell, not the C paradigm, is almost a bit conservative. Static type checks at compile time. Rigid syntax.
Lisp/Python/Ruby are liberal and progressive. Screw it, just put some code in there and run it. Don't worry about compile time checks or a bunch of ugly type definitions next to variables.
Is conservative bad? Is haskell bad because it is conservative. No.
This analogy is pretty stupid. I would absolutely use python and agile methods to develop a web app for a typical corporate client who isn't exactly sure what he wants. Yeah, I wouldn't even use Haskell. Haven't used it in web development much yet, and just how hard it is / how hard it is to learn is an unknown unknown to me. Here, being "radical" in using a less safe language is the "conservative" thing to do!
Whereas if I worked in a real time/embedded environment, I'd certainly use something designed for it, like Ada/SPARK or RT Java - depending on the security demands. I have more experience with plain Ada and RT Java, but SPARK is probably the right choice sometimes. All hyperconservative by Yegge standards.
If I worked somewhere with stuff that had to be correct, and also developed as fast as possible (like maybe high frequency trading), I'd first be very scared, and then probably look at Haskell (everyone who has ever expressed any interest in FP in a public forum has probably seen ads from Jane Street Capital by now...)
[–]day_cq -10 points-9 points-8 points 1 year ago
Haskell is #yolo
all it takes is a username and password
for more information, see our privacy policy.
create account
is it really that easy? only one way to find out...
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π Rendered by PID 6866 on app-13 at 2014-03-11 07:10:54.163784+00:00 running 891a1a8.


text:
Bees for Development |
List of Articles available on this topic (528):
Title | Author |
2nd Mission Report : Honey Processing in Beekeeping Villages | Yongyoot Waikakul |
7th Asian Apicultural Association Conference in the Philippines | |
A Beekeeper Tours China | Gulliford, R.B. |
A Beekeeping Development Program for Lesotho: Report of an Investigative Visit | Bechtel, P.H. |
A Book on the Japanese Honeybee | Okada, I. |
A Bushman\'s Notes | Silberrad, R. |
A Comparative Study between Varroa\'s [Population] Dynamics for Italian versus Carniolan Bees. | Rosenthal, C., Efrat, H., Kamer, I. & Ron, M. |
A Comparative Study of Esterase Isozymes in 6 Species of Apis and 9 Genera of Apoidea | Shao-Wen, L., Yu-Pin, M., Chang, J. T., Ju-Huai, L., Shao-Yu, H. & Bang-Yu, K. |
A Fabricacion do Hidromel en Shaba Meridional (Sueste de Zaire) | Parent, G., Malaisse, F & Verstraeten, C. |
A Honey Plant in Palestine | Reyahi, Bassel A |
A Lifetime\'s Recollections of Kenya Tribal Beekeeping | Crane, E. & Nightingale, J. |
A new pest comes to Israel | Levin, M.D. |
A Note on Chinese Beekeeping | Yamada K |
A plain language guide to the National Beekeeping Programme of Tanzania | Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism |
A Preliminary Investigation on the Overwintering of Small Mites (tropilaelaps clareae) | Wang J, Wei-Hua Zhang, Min Hong, Shao-Ting Yang, Zhe-Hong Wu |
A Preliminary Report on \"Dead Pupae Disease\" of Apis mellifera and its Pathogen | Liang Q, Wang J, Yang X, Li J, Zhang W |
A Report from Indonesia:Workshop on Priorities in Research and Development on Bees and Beekeeping in Tropical Asia | Sila, M. |
A Report on the Discovery of Malpighamoeba mellificae in the Chinese Bee Apis cerana cerana, and its Prevention and Cure | Wang J D, and 4 others |
A Report On the Study Tour of Bee-Keeping Facilities in Denmark | Maane, Jerro S.M. |
A Review of Beekeeping in Arab Countries | Hussein M H |
A Study of the Genus Micrapis (Apidae) | Wu Yan-Ru, Kuang B |
A Study on | Wang J D, Zhang W H, Ren G K, Lin D, |
A Study to Determine the Feasibility of Establishing a Beekeeping Industry in Namibia | Bradbear, N. |
A Turkmen Honey Tale | Embrey, M. & Lord, B |
AAA Conference in Australia | Manning, L. |
AAA Conference in Vietnam | Bees for Development |
Advancing Chinese Apiculture | Liu Xianshu |
Adventures in Beekeeping - Harvesting Apis Florea in Myanmar (Burma) | Peterson, S. |
Adventures in Beekeeping - Ratanakiri, Cambodia | Peterson, S. |
African Bee Product Company Wins Prize | |
African Honey Trade Workshop (no.81) | Bees for Development |
African Honeybees in East & West Africa, and Africanised Honeybees in Venezuela | M Peterson |
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (o4) Le sundicat apicole installe un second rucher-ecole au Burkina Faso | Tabak, F. |
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An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Beekeeping in Uganda | A M Akol |
An Electron Microscopic Observation on the Hypopharyngeal Glands of the Worker Honey Bee Apis cerana | Du Z.-L., Zhang Z.-B |
An Experience with Slovenian Beekeeping | Kingham, G. |
Analysis of Chinese Beeswax by Gas Chromatography | Ou-Yang Zhang, Lee Al-Ping, He Kang-Ming |
Analysis of Free Amino Acids in Pollens Collected by Honeybees | Jiang Y, Huang M, Zhu G |
Angola References | |
Antidumping Petition Filed Against the Chinese Government | Anon |
Api-Benin: Presente Quelques unes des ses Realisations | Api-Benin |
Apicoltura in Burkina Faso | Dosio E |
Apiculture (Honey Beekeeping) Training Model | Ramsey Owot |
Apiculture and Bee Management Problems in African Countries | J Corner |
Apiculture and its Problems in Botswana | Phokedi, KM |
Apiculture and poverty alleviation in Cameroon | Fombad, E. E. & Nuesiri, E.O. |
Apiculture and poverty alleviation in Cameroon part 1 | Nuesiri, E.O. & Fombad, E.E. |
Apiculture and poverty alleviation in Cameroon part 2 | Nuesiri, E.O. & Fombad, E.E. |
Apiculture en Bas-Congo | Lathum, P. |
Apiculture en Republique Populaire du Congo | Decot B |
Apiculture en Voie de Developpement | Cunchinabe D |
Apiculture in Bangladesh | Alam, M.Z.; Gul-E-Zannat |
Apiculture in Bangladesh - management and extension | Dewan, S.M.A.L. |
Apiculture in China | Yaochun, C. |
Apiculture of China | various |
Apis cerana Beekeeping and Queen Rearing in Thailand | Pothichot, S. & Wongsiri, S. |
Apis cerana provides a living in the Yunnan Mountain Area of China | Ken, T., Danyin, Z. & Shaoyu, H. |
Apis mellifera adansonii in the uplands of West Cameroon | Romet, A. |
Appraisal of Beekeeping in North-West Cameroon | Paterson, P.D. |
Approaches, methods and processes for innovative apiculture development: experiences from Ada\'a-Liben Woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia | Girma, M. Ballo, S. Tegegne, A. Alemayehu, N. Belayhun, L. |
Armenia Honey group | Tsaroukyan, R. |
Asali: Kwa Afya Yako (Honey for your Health) | Liseki, S. |
Asian Apicultural Association Country Representatives | Bees for Development |
Asian Apicultural Association News | Enomoto,H. |
Asian bee problem continues in Australia | Harman,A. |
Assessing the Contribution of Organic Agriculture for Increasing Livelihood Security in Uganda | M Hauser, C Walaga |
Back to Office Report, Uganda June 2000 | B Kerr |
Bambalutas : Death\'s Head Hawk Moth | Hertz, O. |
BBKA Yearbook | The British Beekeepers Association |
Bee Death in the USA: is the honey bee in danger? | Ritter, W. |
Bee flora in Bosnia | Halisimonoic, R. |
Bee Forage in Botswana | Clauss, Bernhard |
Bee hives in Iraq | Waring, C. |
Bee manual | Waring,C., Waring,A. |
Bee product diversification and value addition | Bees for Development |
Bee products in Ethiopia | Bees for Development |
Bee-keeping for the Indian villager | Hatch, D.S |
Bee-keeping in Afghanistan leaflet by Afghanaid | Afghanaid |
Bee-Keeping in Bangladesh | Nural Islam, Md. |
Beefarming in India | Rawat, B.S. |
Beekeeeping experience and development in Turkey and Northern Cyprus | Kandemir, I. |
Beekeeper Associations | |
Beekeeping | not known |
Beekeeping and Apicultural products in Bangladesh | Hannan, M.A. |
Beekeeping and Plantation Agriculture: Alternative livlihoods for farmers | Abila, N. |
Beekeeping Annual Report 1990-1991 | Kepaletswe K.M. |
Beekeeping Annual Report 1995-1996 | Dimeku B. |
Beekeeping Annual Report 1999-1997 | Dimeku B. |
Beekeeping Around the World | Graham Eckersley |
Beekeeping as a sustainable use of the rainforest in Nicaragua | Hertz, O. |
Beekeeping as a sustainable use of the rainforest in Nicaragua | Hertz, O. |
Beekeeping Development in the Central African Republic | Debold K J |
Beekeeping Development with Apis mellifera in the Philippines | Wendorf, H. |
Beekeeping Development. Importation of Wax from Senegal | |
Beekeeping enterprise in Jamaica | Munn, P. |
Beekeeping Extension in Botswana | Ngakane, K.P. |
Beekeeping for income generation and costal forest conservation | Lalika, M.C.S. & Machangu, J.S. |
Beekeeping for people living in countries under stress: Afghanistan | Dr Nicola Bradbear |
Beekeeping for Production in Sri Lanka: Management of Asiatic Hive Honeybee Apis Cerana in its Natural Tropical Monsoonal Environment | Punchihewa, R.W.K. |
Beekeeping for Production in Sri Lanka: Management of Asiatic Hive Honeybee Apis Cerana in its Natural Tropical Monsoonal Environment | Punchihewa, R.W.K. |
Beekeeping for Rural Development : A Uganda Case | R Owot |
Beekeeping for Rural Development in Uganda (with specific reference to Kitgum District) | M R Ogaba |
Beekeeping Guidelines in Dari (Afghane) | Shahrouzi, Reza |
Beekeeping Guidelines in Persian | Reza Shahrouzi |
Beekeeping Guidelines in Persian (Iranian) | Shahrouzi, Reza |
Beekeeping Handbook For The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau | Hertz, O. |
Beekeeping Handbook for the Gambia: Pollination by Bees and Beekeeping with Top Bar Hives | Hertz, O. |
Beekeeping in Angola during colonial days | Pouseiro, A. |
Beekeeping in Argentina | - |
Beekeeping in Bas Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Latham, P |
Beekeeping in Bas Zaire | Latham P |
Beekeeping in Botswana | Kepaletswe, K. |
Beekeeping in Botswana | Ministry of Agriculture, Botswana |
Beekeeping in Botswana - A Report | Schmolke M.D. |
Beekeeping in Botswana. An Advisory Visit | Silberad R.E.M. |
Beekeeping in Brazil: A slumbering giant awakens: Part 1 | Sanford, M.T. |
Beekeeping in Brazil: A slumbering giant awakens: Part 2 | Sanford, M.T. |
Beekeeping in Brazil: A slumbering giant awakens: Part 3 | Sanford, M.T. |
Beekeeping in Brazil: A slumbering giant awakens: Part 4 | Sanford, M.T. |
Beekeeping in Cape Verde | Holm, E. |
Beekeeping in China | Stuart Ching |
Beekeeping in China | Chun, Li |
Beekeeping in Denmark 2000 | Brodsgaard, C. et al |
Beekeeping in East, Central and Southern Africa, an Overview, 1980 | Moody T |
Beekeeping in Ethiopia | Berthold, R. |
Beekeeping in Ghana: on the road in Africa doing developmental beekeeping demonstrations | Berube, C. |
Beekeeping in Greenland | Hertz, O. |
Beekeeping in India | Singh, S. |
Beekeeping in India | Ghosh, G.K. |
Beekeeping in India | Sarder, S. |
Beekeeping in Israel | Robinson, Gene |
Beekeeping in Israel | Agmon, R |
Beekeeping in Israel From Biblical to Modern Times | Stern, Y |
Beekeeping in Jericho and Gaza | Lord, William |
Beekeeping in Jordan | Robinson, Willard S. |
Beekeeping in Kenya | Canadian Apiculture Team |
Beekeeping in Laos | Provincial Agriculture and Foresty Office (PAFO) |
Beekeeping in Oman | Anonymous |
Beekeeping in Rwanda | Petersen,S. |
Beekeeping in South Africa | Lorence, C. and Lorence, K. |
Beekeeping in South Africa | Johannsmeier, M.F. |
Beekeeping in South Africa | Johannsmeier, M.F. |
Beekeeping in South Africa: Bulletin No. 394 | Anderson, R.H., Buys, B. & Johannsmeier, M.F. |
Beekeeping in St Vincent & the Grenadines | Bradbear, N. |
Beekeeping in Syria | Fert, G. |
Beekeeping in Tanzania | Kihwele, D.V.N, Massawe, A.J., Lwoga, P.D. and Burton, S. |
Beekeeping in the Amhara Region | Kebede, A., Ejigu, K., Aynalem, T., Jenberie, A |
Beekeeping in the enclave of Cabinda, Angola | Emery, N. |
Beekeeping in the enclave of Cabinda, Angola | Emery, N. |
Beekeeping in The Gambia | Demir, T. |
Beekeeping in the Gambia | Jones, R (IBRA) |
Beekeeping in The Gambia | Demir, T. |
Beekeeping in the Guandong province of China and Some Observations on the Chinese Honeybee Apis cerana cerana and the European honey bee Apis mellifera lingustica | Wongsiri S., Lai Y.-S., Liu Z.-S |
Beekeeping in the Mekong Delta | Nitschmann, H.J. |
Beekeeping in the People\'s Republic of China | Crane, E |
Beekeeping in the Philippines | Wendorf, H. |
Beekeeping in the Sultanate of Oman (Pt II - Apis florea) | Petersen, Stephen |
Beekeeping in the United States | Martin, E.C., Oertel, N.P. & Nye, N.P. |
Beekeeping in Uganda | Dgaba, M.? |
Beekeeping in Upper Volta (I) | Swanson R A |
Beekeeping in Upper Volta (II) | Swanson R A |
Beekeeping in Vietnam | Mulder, V. |
Beekeeping in Yunnan, China | Stephen Petersen |
Beekeeping in Zambia | Husselman, M. |
Beekeeping in Zambia | Silberrad, R.E.M. |
Beekeeping with Minimal Cost and Equipment: An Example from the Kalahari Desert | Clauss, Bernhard |
Beekeeping, pollination and honey in Senegal | - |
Beekeeping, poverty alleviation and forest conservation in Imadiala, Madagascar | Russell, R.Y. |
Beekeeping, poverty alleviation and forestry conservation in Imadiala, Madagascar | Russell, R.Y. |
Beekeeping: The NEVIS Way | Henderson, J.Q. |
Bees and Bee-keeping in India | Abrol, D.P. |
Bees and Beekeeping at Kagcae in the Western Central Kalahari | Clauss B. |
Bees and Beekeeping in Botswana | Clauss, B. |
Bees and Beekeeping in the Former Dutch East Indies: with some references to Brunei, Serawak and Penninsular Malaysia. | de Vries, R. |
Bees in China | Svensson, B. |
Bees in the City | Benjamin A. & McCallum B. |
Bees, Biodiversity & Forest livelihoods in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve | Bees for Development |
Bee\'s eye view of flowering plants | Sasaki,M. |
Bienenzucht und Bienenhaltung in China. (Beekeeping in China.) | Oschmann, H. |
Bienhonig aus den Chinesischen Wusten! | Thien, H. |
Biological Study on Several Species of Hornets which Prey on Honeybees, and a preliminary Control Method | Wang Jianding, Zhang Weihua, Wang Yumin, Lin Huarong |
Botswana - Notes on the First Stages of a Project | Moody T. |
Botswana: National Development Plan No.8 (1997-2003) | |
Botswana\'s Wildlife on the Wrong Side of the Fence | Rowton J. |
Burkina Faso | Nombre, I.; Sawadogo, M.; Boussim, J. & Guinko, S. |
CABESI - a multi-faceted, self-help project | Gloor, R. & Thomas, H. |
Caribbean Beekeeping Congress 2002 | Bees for Development |
Caribbean Congress in Guyana | Roberts, A. & Stewart, L. |
Caribbean Update : Guyana | Rajkumar, A. |
Caribbean Update : Haiti | Caron, D. |
Caucasian Honey Bee Workshop, 2006, Camili, Artvin, Turkey | Inci, A & Kandemir, I. |
Cement hives - an environmentally-friendly alternative to wooden hive boxes | Ravishankar, J. |
Chalk Brood in Ethiopia | Rundassa, D.B. |
China - Production Yields Marketing Policy Consumption | ANON |
China : Land der Morgenrote (China : Land of the Sunrise.) | Oschmann, H. |
China Frees Farming from Politics | Katherine Forestier-Walker |
China Honey Demand | Anon |
China Honey Exports | Anon |
China Honey Exports 2000 | Anon |
China Honey Exports 2001 | Anon |
China Honey Exports 2001 - 2 | Anon |
China market News (April 2000) | Anon |
China Market News (Sept 1999) | Anon |
China Royal Jelly Demand | Anon |
China Trade with US | Anon |
China, Peoples Republic of ... | ANON |
China\'s Syndrome | John Parker |
Chinese Eastern Bee Research Institute invites correspondence | Anon |
Chinese Honeybee Management During Nectar Flow in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River | Liu Yansen |
Chinesische Bienenzucht (Chinse Beekeeping) | Chin, Fu-Jen |
Chlorinated Pesticide Residues in Honey | Ogata, J. N., Bevenue, A |
Commercial beekeeping in Argentina | Cropley, R. |
Communist China\'s Honey Production | Schumacher, H. H. |
Concrete Hives in the Gambia | Lassen, K. & Jammeh, E. |
Concrete hives in The Gambia | Lassen, Kristin; Jammeh, Ebrima |
Conservation and Management of Pollinators for sustainable agriculture through an ecosystem approach | Vandame,J. |
Control of the Varroa mite in honeybee colonies by integrating chemotherapy with conventional requeening practice. | Lupo, A.; Gerling, D. |
Creating a buzz in Albania | Acke, A. |
Current status of beekeeping in China | Zhang, F.X. and Chen, L.H. |
Das Pollenbild Chinesischer Honige (The Pollen Spectrum of Chinese Honeys.) | Focke E |
Decouverte de l\'abeille Apis dorsata (l\'abeille geante) a Siem Reap (Cambodge) | SEPHANE,D.; GUIBAULD,S. |
Designing a Standard Hive for the Chinese Honeybee | Yang G H et al |
Development and Implementation of an Undergraduate Beekeeping Program at Makerere University | J E Tew |
Development of Apiculture as a Source of Rural Income with Special Reference to Women | Bradbear N. |
Development of Apiculture as a Source of Rural Income with Special Reference to Women | |
Development of beekeeping in Laos - various strategic choices | Sengngam, B. & Vandame, J. |
Development of Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) as a honey plant | Yasue T |
DFID Uganda Country Strategy Paper | DFID |
Dividing Honey Bee colonies in Ethiopia | Kebede, A.; Ejigu, K. & Tassew, A. |
Dominican Republic - UK expert visits the country to evaluate the beekeeping industry | Mezziga,H. |
Draft of an Economic Evaluation of Danmarks Biavlerforening (DBF) Supervised Beekeeping Project (funded by Danida) in Guinea Bissau, West Africa | Maane, J.S.M. |
Eco-friendly harvesting of rock bees (sustainable Apis dorsata honey hunting) | Paliwal, G.N.; Paliwal, S. & Tembhare, D.B. |
Eine BienenkundlicheReise in die Volksrepublik China. (A beekeeping journey in the People\'s Republic of China.) | Oschmann, H. |
Entomological Excerpts from Southeastern China (Fukien Province) | Kellogg, C. R. |
Ethiopian beekeeping | Selassia, A. |
Eucalyptus erythriocoris; a source of nectar and pollen for bees in Israel. | Lupo A.; Eisikowitch, D. |
Evaluation of a beekeeping Projct in The Gambia | Lassen, K.M. |
Experiments in the Use of Honeybees for the Pollination of Lotus Seed Crops | Ke X, Zhang W, Zhang H, Xu D, Jiang Z |
Exploitation and Utilisation of Chinese Honeybee Resources in Kuandian Mountain Region of Liaoning | Zhang Junwei, Ren Li |
Extension of Selected Honeybees by Transferring Egg Combs | Teh-Fong, M. et al |
Extensive organic beekeeping in Argentina | Perone, O. |
Facts about \"A frame for the Kenya top-bar hive\" | Stanley K Mbobua |
Factsheet: Apiculture products in Cameroon | Verina Ingram |
Fifth Caribbean Beekeeping Congress in Guyana | |
Final Report (first evaluation): Honey Beekeeping Development project - UGANDA | Helmut Horn |
First Detection of Honey Bee Viruses in Jordan by RT-PCR | Haddad N., Brake M., Migdadi H., de Miranda J.R. |
First ever congress of the French-speaking Apitherapy Society | |
Flow of Funds - National Level | |
Focus - The Gambia | |
Forestry training in Ecuador needs reforming | Hellin, J. |
From China to Hong Kong | unknown |
Fungicide residues bankrupt beekeepers | Tan,N.Q. |
Future Honey Trading with Red China | Glenn Gibson |
Gender Issues in Beekeeping : The Uganda Case | M R Ogaba T Akongo |
Generating Income From Beekeeping in Afghanistan | FAO |
Geographical Races of Apis cerana Fabricius in China and their distribution. Review of Recent Chinese Publications and a Preliminary Statistical Analysis | Peng Y S, Nasr M E, Locke S J |
Getting started in beekeeping in Barbados | Bees for Development |
Grenada\'s beekeepers and their golden honey | Diana Yohannan |
Guide to Keeping Bees in Somalia | Marketing Assistance & Product Promotion (MAPP) |
Guidelines for Quality Assurance of Bee Products in Tanzania | Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism |
habits of Galleria mellonella L. and Achroia grisella Fabr. and Methods of Control | Huang Z. H. |
Haiti Beekeeping Mission | Geckler, S. |
Haiti Beekeeping Project | Sterk, B. |
Harmony or conflict? Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in Southern Vietnam | Tan, N.Q. & Binh, P. T. |
High Yield Steps for Beekeeping in two Long Florescence and Large Area Honey Plants in North Henan | |
History and Development of Beekeeping in Malaysia | Mardan, M. |
Home and Away: Adventures in Beekeeping in the UK and Africa | Home, John |
Honey and Bee Products Market Study in Cameroon | Erasmus, T., Hamaljoulde, D., Samaki, J., Njikeu, M.T., and Nyat, G.M. |
Honey and Beeswax Value Chain Analysis in Tanzania | Traidcraft |
Honey and Beeswax: A compact study of the Netherlands and other major markets in the European Union | CBI |
Honey and Beeswax: A Survey on the Netherlands and other Major Markets in the European Community | CBI |
Honey and its Uses in China | Kellogg C R |
Honey Bee Keeping - A Lucrative Business | Anon |
Honey bees unite Kosovar serbs and Kosovar Albanians | Smtih, P. |
Honey Dreamin\' Maputaland | KZN Bee Farmers Association |
Honey flows upwards across China | Tang-Dong, J. |
Honey gatherers of India, Nepal and Bangladesh | Kakani, M |
Honey Hunters and Beekeepers: A Study of Traditional Beekeeping in Babati District, Tanzania | Ntenga, G.M. & Mugongo, B.T. |
Honey Hunters of Nepal | Valli, E. & Summers, D. |
Honey hunting in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve | Sharma, K. |
Honey Production and Trade Report | Anon |
Honey production in Zambia | CIFOR |
Honey-Making Bee Colony Abundance and Predation by Apes and Humans in a Uganda Forest Reserve | R Kajobe, D W Roubik |
Honeybee Agrobiodiversity: A project in conservation of Apis Mellifera Syriaca in Jordan | Haddad, N; Fuchs, S |
Honeybee Species Diversity in the Chinese Himalayan Region | Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet |
Honeybees in Bhutan | Bradbear, N. |
Hottentot (Khoekhoen) Place Names with Honeybees in Southern Africa | Tribe G D |
Household Poverty Reduction through Beekeeping amongst Uganda Rural Women | M R Ogaba |
How to Transfer Bees from the Egyptian Mud-Hive to the Modern Frame Hive | Mellor, J.E.M. |
ICIMOD\'s Indigenous Honeybee Programme Extends to Afghanistan | Ahmad, F. & Partap, U. |
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS ABELHAS MELÍFERAS DE CABO VERDE | Pederson, B.V. |
Identification of Honeybees from Cape Verde | Pederson, B.V. |
Importation of wax from Senegal | Phipps,J. |
Impressions of beekeeping in Cuba | Szabo, T.I. |
Improving Livelihoods through Community-Based Beekeeping | Partap, U. & Min B. Gurung |
Indigenous Honeybees and Honey Hunters of Himalayas: A case of Apis laboriosa in Kaski District of Nepal | Ahmad, F, Joshi SR and Gurung MB |
Indonesia: Country Statement - Presented at Workshop in Research and Development on Beekeeping in Tropical Asia | Hadisoesilo, S. |
Information on Beekeeping in Cameroon - References in Beekeeping & Development | |
Interaction between melon (Cucumis melo) flowers and honeybees under extreme desert conditions in Israel | Orr, N.; Eisikowitch, D. |
International Conference on: Bee Products: Properties, Applications and Apitherapy | |
International Course on Beekeeping | |
Introduction to Beekeeping | Rureebwa Deo Twine |
Introduction to Beekeeping: Field Support Guide for Swaziland | Bechtel, P. & Gau, K. |
Investment Opportunities of Beekeeping in Tanzania | Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism |
Israel: 1993 Summary | |
Israel: The International Course on Bee-keeping and Extension 1979 | |
Israel: The International Course on Bee-keeping and Extension 1994 | |
Ivy Tree: a Major Nectar Plant in Winter for Apis cerana in South China | Zhao Youhua |
Kenya connection | Barnes,J. |
Kenya Connection | Barnes, J |
Kenya Connection:When sharing information,each side gains | Jeremy Barnes |
La Casa delle Api: Cangumbe - Angola | Italo Governatori e Marta Volterra |
La Cire Blanche de China (rectification) (The white wax of China (rectification).) | Bugnion, E, Popoff, N |
Lithuania | Zugas,R. |
Low Productivity in East African Beekeeping | |
L\' Apiculture au Sahel | Campi S E |
L\'Afrique Face aux Defis de son Environnement | Ngwe R |
Making local beekeeping sustainable in Sierra Leone | Aidoo, K. |
Making local beekeeping sustainble in Sierra Leone | Aidoo, K S |
Making waz starter strips for top-bars | Eaton, P. |
Malawi gold standard: Beekeeeper\'s handbook | USAID |
Management of Philippine Bees | Cervancia C.R: Fajardo A.C; Manila-Fajardo A.C; Lucero R.M. |
Manual de Apicultura para Ambientes Subtropicales: Una Propuesta de: \'La Red de Escuelas del Noroeste Argentina (NOA)\' | Dini, C. & Bedascarrasbure, E. |
Manual for Appropriate Beekeeping in Zambia | Smallholder Development Project |
Manual of Beekeeping | Kiangsi Province Beekeeping Research Institute |
Map of The Gambia | |
marikodu - a typical village | Priya, T.A. |
Marketing Honey and Beeswax from Apis dorsata in West Kalimantan | Mulder, V.; Heri, V.; Wickham, T. |
Mating flights of the queen honeybee (Apis mellifera) in a subtropical climate | Lensky, Y; Demter, M |
Measurement of Nectar Secretion and Sugar Composition of Nectar and Honey in Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L) | Yasue T, Sasano A, Yokote S |
Mewbees, Bee-Ware! | Frey, Anne |
Mimicry and deception in pollination | Dafni, A |
Minutes Wrap Up Meeting Eval\'n Team for TCP UGA 6717 Apiculture project 6 Dec 1999 | |
Mitochondrial DNA support for genetic reserves of Apis mellifera syriaca in Jordan | Haddad N., Meixner M.D., Fuchs S., Midadi H., Garney L., Sheppard W.S. |
Monks, doctors and little old ladies - the beekeepers of Hungary | Miksha, R. |
Moroccan Beekeeping Project Apis mellifica sahariensis baldensperger | |
Moving Honey Bee Colonies ... in Russia ... in China | Anon |
My Day-long Journey into the Northern Thai Jungle, for Honey | Pangaia, J\'aime ona |
My experience with Haitian beekeeping | Horsburgh,R. |
My Experience with Haitian Beekeeping | Horsburgh, Ron |
National Beekeeping Programme 2001 - 2010 | Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism |
National Strategy & Programme of Action for the Development of Apiculture Sector in Uganda (2001 - 2005) | Uganda Honey Bee Keepers Association |
Natural antibiotic found in honey | Bradbear, N., Martin, P. & Wainwright, D. |
Nature conservation is a thread woven well through forest beekeeping | Leo, R. |
New Beekeeping Opportunities for Small Holder Farmers | |
New Methods in Beekeeping | not known |
Nicaragua and organic honey | Fert, G. |
Notice of Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less than Fair Value: Honey from ... China | |
NOVOS RECURSOS TÉCNICOS, NOVOS CAMINHOS PARA CRIAÇÃO DE ABELHAS SEM FERRÃO | Mitsiotis, N.M |
Observations on Chinese Macropis (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae) | Wu Yan-Ru, Michener C. D. |
One hectare of land gives 1,000,000 Indian Rupees per annum | Jamwal, N. |
Overseas... In Gambia | |
Pacific queens in Chile | Gowar,J.; Sweet,D,; Staples,I. |
Peace Corps Volunteer in Zaire Known as \"The Bee Charmer\" | McCarty J |
Persian honey bees and beekeeping observations in Iran | Kandemir, I. and Moradi, M.G. |
Pesticide are poison | Jeff Conant |
Philippines: haven for bees | Cervancia, C.R. |
Pictures from Ameh Bee Farmers Common Initiative group in Cameroon | Assam, J. |
Pitcairn Island Honey | Culshaw,L. |
Policy and Processes that Enable Honey Export | Sharma, HK; Partap, U; Gurung, Min B |
Pollen Morphology of Nectar-producing Plants in China | Chang, G T, Wang C L |
Pollinators in a Changing Landscape | Alton, S. |
Practical Beekeeping - Bark hives | Musachi, J.K. |
Practical Beekeeping - Reducingthe water content of tropical honey | Leo, R. |
Practical Beekeeping - Swarms and Pests tips | Kasimba, C. & Latham, P. |
Practical Beekeeping - Top-bar hives in Eastern Senegal | Romet, A. |
PRAM 1990-2000 - For the development of sustainable beekeeping in Costa Rica and Central America | UNA - Universidad Nacional Costa Rica |
Preliminary Studies on the Anti-tumour and Phagocytosis- affecting Activity of Royal Jelly and 10 - hydroxy - 2 - decenoic Acid | Dai J., Yan H.,. Chen Y., Lu H |
Present Status of Chinese Milk vetch, Astragalus sinicus, as a Supersedure Crop in Rice Fields in Japan | Suetsugu A |
Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates | |
Professor Gong Answers our Questions | Turner D |
Progress Report: Studies on indigenous honeybees and associated communities in Pakistan | Muzaffar, N. & Munawar, M. S. |
Project News - A cross-sectoral approach to beekeeping support | Hausser, Y. & Savary, J. |
Public lands task force | Horn,T. |
Queen - Rearing programme in Uganda with Apis Mellifera Scutellata | |
Queensland Bees for China | Roff, C. |
Rafter beekeeping in Cambodia | Jump, D. and Waring, C. |
Raftering - A traditional technique for honey and wax production from Apis dorsata in Vietnam | Chinh,P.H. Minh, N.H. Thai, P.H. and Tan, N.Q. |
Raftering: A traditional technique for honey an wax production from Apis dorsata in Vietnam | Chinh,P.H. Minh, N.H. Thai, P.H. and Tan, N.Q. |
Re-starting beekeeping in Kosovo | Rose, G. |
Recent Research - Apis mellifera Woyi-Gambella honey bees endemic to Ethiopia | Bezabeh, A. |
RECUPERANDO POPULAÇÕES SILVESTRES DA ABELHA MELÍFERA E O MEIO DE VIDA DOS FAZENDEIROS DO HIMALAIA | Ahmad, F.; Joshi, S.R.; Gurung, M.B |
References | various |
References | various |
Remarks and Impressions of Beekeeping and Other Branches of Agriculture in China Part 1. Beijing and Lanzhou Zones | Vidano C |
Remarks and Impressions of Beekeeping and Other Branches of Agriculture in China Part 2. Shanghai and Guangzhou Zones | Vidano C |
Remarks on Beekeeping and other Agricultural Branches from China Part II - Shanghai and Guangzhou zones | Anon |
Report : Guinea Bissau, Senegal, Gambia | Svensson |
Report of Training of Trainers Program on Modern Methods of Beekeeping and Honey Collection | Amani Associates |
Report on status of beekeeping in Jamaica | Peddy,R |
Report on the Study Tour of Beekeeping Facilities in Bavaria, Germany | Maane, J. |
Report on Visit to Columbia and Ecuador | Crane, E. |
Requirements for Out-Reach Centres (Collection Centres) | |
Research on the Bee Resources of Tibet | Ren Zaijing, Sun Qinghai, Ren Xuehui |
Research on the Bee Resources of Tibet | Ren Zaijing, Sun Qinghai, Ren Xuehui |
Restoration of Apis cerana japonica on the Goto Islands | Hishahi, F. |
Retreating wild honeybee populations and livlihoods of Himalayan farmers | Ahmad, F.; Joshi, S.R.; Gurung, M.B. |
Revised Feasibility Study: Bees Honey and Wax Processing and Packaging Plant | |
Revival of Apis cerana populations in the Himalayas | Ahmad, F.; Joshi, S.R.; Gurung, M.B & Partap, U. |
Selected Abstracts Algeria | |
Selling honeybee colonies as a source of income for subsistence beekeepers | Adgaba, N. |
Shofflera octophylla Harms, the Most Important Winter Nectar Flower in the Province of Hwandun | Lian Bai-Tzi |
Sick bees - pathogens and pests | Oliver,R. |
Silent Spring in Northern Europe? | Svensson, B. |
Simple ways to manage stingless bees | Fajardo, A. & Cervancia, C. |
Slovenia revisited | Milward, B. |
Small hive beetle in Ontario | |
Some Observations on Biology and Behaviour | Clauss, Bernhard |
South Korea hosts AAA conference | Lee, S. |
Spotlight on Ethiopia:Beekeeping in south ahd southwestern Ethiopia | Bezabeh, A. |
Stakeholders share hive technology experiences | Dickson,B. |
Starting with Bees: An Introduction to African Beekeeping | Nazzi, F., Annoscia, D., Del Fabbro, S., Del Piccolo, F. |
State of Beekeeping in China | ANON |
Status of Apis laboriosa populations in Kaski district, Western Nepal | Joshi, S; Ahmad, F & Min Gurlung, B. |
Stingless Bees in Kenya | Macharia, J., Raina, S. & Muli, E. |
Stingless Bees: Importance, Management and Utilisation | Aidoo, K., Combey, R., Karikari, A. & Kwapong, P. |
Student\'s beekeeping project empowers Peruvian indigenous group | Laskowski,T. |
Studies on Apini | Kuang B Y, Li Y Q |
Studies on foraging activity of honeybees on apple flowers (II) | Choi, S.Y.; Kim, T.S. |
Studies on Outdoor Wintering of Honeybee Colonies in Cold Regions | Chen G., Jian Z. C., Geng Z. C., Xu H.W. |
Studies on Utilizing Honeybees for Increasing the Fruit Yield and Developing Camellia meiocarpa as a Source of Honey | Chao S. W., Cheng Q. Z., Liu Z. Z., Zhou S. L. |
Study on Traditional method of keeping Indian honey bees in Burma and keeping with modern method | Maung Maung Nyein |
Supporting Gambia Beekeepers | |
Surgery, nuns, and bees in the Dominican Republic | Marterre, B. |
Sweet profits from Guatemala | Hamilton, R. |
Tanzania Beekeeping Act 2002 | Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism |
The Beekeepers & Foresters Association | |
The beekeepers handbook: 22 years experience in queen rearing | Allley,H. |
The beekeeping programme in Burma | Morse, R.A. |
The Bee\'s The Thing | Bill Clark |
The Big Island in crisis | Connor,L. |
The Birth of Itumbauzo Beekeepers Association | Eaton, P. |
The Chinese Bee (Apis cerana) Ten-frame Hive | China, Chinese Standards |
The Colony in the Course of the Year | Clauss, Bernhard |
The Constitution of the Apiculture Trade in China | Yan - Zhi - Li |
The Consultation of Beekeeping Development on Apis cerana, 16-17 January 1986, Phuket, Thailand | |
The different forms of honey | Connor,L. |
The Distribution and Geographical Variation of Apis cerana sinensis in China (Part 1) | Yang G H, Xu S Y |
The Evolution of Chinese Apiculture | Li Jianke |
The Forests of China, with a Survey of Grassland and Desert Vegetation | Wang, Chi-Wiu |
The Gorongosa hive (top-bar) | Hardison, M. |
The Haiti Beekeeping Project | Sterk, Bo |
The Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal, an island of Apis cerana beekeeping | Ahmad, F.; Joshi, S.R.; Gurung, M.B & partap, U. |
The hives and honey bees of Palestine | Palestine Monitor |
The Honey Industry in Malawi & Beekeeping in Mzuzu | Munthali, S.C. & Chunga, C. |
The honey trees of the Cholanaickens | C.S. Saneesh |
The Human Pollinators of Fruit Crops in Maoxian County, Sichuan, China | Partap, U. & Tang Ya |
The Investigation and Study of China\'s Bee Plants | Xu W-L |
The JZ1 Frame-wire Embedder of Honeycomb Foundation with Multipurpose Electrical Time | Miao X |
The land of corn and honey: the keeping of stingless bees (meliponiculture) in the ethno-ecological environment of Yucatan (Mexico) and El Salvador | de Jong, H. J. |
The National Bee Keeping Training and Extension Manual | Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry & Fisheries |
The Natural Beekeeping Conditions and Honeybee races in China | Gong Y-F |
The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve | Sharma, K. |
The occurance and distribution of varroasis in apiaries in Israel | Yakobson, B.A.; Rosen, S.; Hadani, A.; Stern, Y. |
The Poetry of Agriculture: Looking at the Culture of Beekeeping and Honey Bees in Slovenia | Blomstedt, William |
The Potential of Beekeeping as a means for Facilitating Rural Development in the Wenchi District, Ghana | Holt-Wilson, N. |
The potential of the beekeeping industry in enhancing rural household incomes in Botswana | Lepetu, J.P. Thelo, O. and Sebina, N.V. |
The Present Development of Beekeeping in Uganda | Nsubuga-Nvule E C B |
The Relationship Between the Weight of the Queen Honeybee at Various Stages and the Number of Ovarioles, Eggs Laid and Sealed Brood Produced | Huang Wen-Cheng, Zhi Chong-Yuan |
The Robber Flies and Bee-killers of China (Diptera : Asilidae) | Brimley, S. W. |
The role of women, and indigenous knowledge in Ethiopian beekeeping | Ejigu, K.; Adgaba, N. & Bekele, W. |
The search for nectariferous plants in marginal agricultural regions in Israel. | Eisikowitch, D |
The status of bee pests is Israel | Yakobson, B.A.; Rosenthal, C. |
The Uganda National Apiculture Development Organisation | |
The value of Apis cerana beekeeping for mountain farmers in Nepal | Ahmad, F.; Joshi, S.R.; Gurung, M.B. & Bhatta, C.R. |
Threats to Malaysia\'s bee trees | Bees for Development |
Tingku - A traditional management technique for Apis dorsata binghami in Indonesia | Hadisoesilo, S. |
Tingku - a traditional management technique for Apis dorsata in Indonesia | Hadisoesilo, S |
To Italy And Beyond | Moon, Lady Spirit |
Top-Bar Hive Beekeeping: Wisdom and Pleasure Combined | Mangum, W.A. |
Top-bar hives in Eastern Senegal | Romet, A. |
Tracheal Mite, Acarpis woodi, Comes to Israel | Gerson, U; Efrat, C; Slabezki ; Stern, Y |
Training in Malta | Ball, R |
Training in Malta | Ball, R. |
Transferring colonies of Apis cerana to frame hives | Fajardo, A. & Cervancia, C. |
Travellers Tales - The diary of the Beekeepers Safari to Turkey 2010 | Sherriff.B. |
Tropical Beekeeping in Cambodia | Yoshikawa, K. and Ohgushi, R. |
Two Species of Small Honeybee - a Study of the Genus | Wu Yan-Ru, Kuang B |
UBA Beekeeping Newsletter Vol1.No.2 | |
UBA Beekeeping Newsletter Vol1.No1. | |
Uganda Honey Trade Project | Bees for Development |
Uganda Information Pack | |
Uganda Information Search June 05 | |
Ukraine | Komissar, A. |
Ultrastructural Change in the Hypopharyngeal Glands of Worker Honey Bees (Apis cerana) Infected with Sacbrood Virus | Du Z.-L., Zhang Z.-B |
Understanding Conflicts Between Farmers and Researchers | Nounamo L, Foaguegue A |
Union of Beekeepers Associations of Republic of Srpska | |
US Honey Crops and Markets | |
US Honey Crops and Markets | |
US Honey Crops and Markets | |
US Honey Crops and Markets | |
US Honey Crops and Markets | |
US Royal Jelly (Hong Kong) Import Statistics | not known |
UWESO UK Trust Newsletter - Issue 3 | |
Various (5) Short Articles on China Honey Trade | various |
Varroa jacobsoni and Apis cerana in the Solomon Islands | Hardie, P. & Cooper, K. |
Vietnam: Beekeeping development and honey marketing | Phipps, R. |
Visit to People\'s Republic of China 23-28 March 1980 | J R Metacalfe and E J Mann |
Voyage Ici et Ailleurs | Ngwe R |
Wall Hives and Wall Beekeeping | Crane E |
West African Bee Research Seminars | |
What is the next thing to come into Africa? | Safba E N Lear |
Where in the world is Nagaland? (And do they keep bees there?) | Petersen,.S. |
Wild flowers as competitors for pollinators in almond orchards | Eisikowitch, D.; Lupo, A. |
Women and Beekeeping in Nepal | Ahmad, F.; Joshi, S.R.; Gurung, M.B & Partap, U. |
Women beekeepers in Calakmul Mexico | Aguiree, R.D. & Pasteur, K. |
Workshop highlights importance of honeybee sector | Malone,T. |
World Honey Crop Reports | |
World honey markets - Bulgaria | Graham, J. |
Zanzibar Beekeeping Project | Ole Hertz |
Zimbabwe | Muller, V. W.D. |
Zoom in on Bermuda | Bees for Development |
Zoom in on Bolivia | Bees for Development |
Zoom in on Cape Verde/Zoom Em Cabo Verde | Hertz, O & Passoni, L. |
Zoom in on Cote d\'Ivoire | Bees for Development |
Zoom in on Jamaica | Bees for Development |
Zoom in on Liberia | Aidoo, K. |
Zoom in on Madagascar | Bees for Development |
Zoom in on Nicaragua | Fert, G. |
Zoom in on Panama | Caron, D. |
Zoom in on Slovakia | Bees for Development |
Zoom in on Syria | Fert, G. |
Zooming back to Jordan | Haddad, N. |
Zooming back to Jordan | Bees for Development |
Zooming in on ... China | ANON |
Zooming in on ... Jordan | Haddad, N |
Zooming in on Jordan |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Fallout 3
Question from UncoloredDanBan
Asked: 1 year ago
How do I get into GNR if it is locked?
I got the Lunar satellite thing and when I went back to talk to Three Dog the doors were locked and when I tried to talk on the intercom the guy just says its open...I read other questions like this and nothing worked.
This question is open with pending answers, but none have been accepted yet
Submitted Answers
From: engel221 1 year ago
You can get in this builing when you got the quest looking for father you have fight wiht the supermutangs clear the area and then press the butom if the enemy are dead they will let you in
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UMH Properties's Series A Preferred Stock Shares Cross 8% Yield Mark
In trading on Thursday, shares of UMH Properties Inc's 8.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (UMH.PRA) were yielding above the 8% mark based on its quarterly dividend (annualized to $2.0625), with shares changing hands as low as $25.61 on the day. This compares to an average yield of 7.52% in the "Real Estate" preferred stock category, according to Preferred Stock Channel. As of last close, UMH.PRA was trading at a 3.96% premium to its liquidation preference amount, versus the average discount of 4.03% in the "Real Estate" category.
Click here to find out the 50 highest yielding preferreds »
The chart below shows the one year performance of UMH.PRA shares, versus UMH:
Below is a dividend history chart for UMH.PRA, showing historical dividend payments on UMH Properties Inc's 8.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock:
In Thursday trading, UMH Properties Inc's 8.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (UMH.PRA) is currently down about 1.5% on the day, while the common shares (UMH) are off about 1.5%.
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Cori Reddell
Cori Reddell is a seminary student preparing to teach at a school overseas. Prior to enrolling in graduate school, Cori studied biochemistry and worked in the medical field. Cori enjoys drinking tea and skiing with her spouse in her free time.
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World Series Legends: A Look at 10 World Series Heroes from Recent MemoryThe World Series is where baseball players become World Series heroes. In a sport that is largely driven by statistics, the World Series is the chance for a player to show that he has the stuff legends are made of. Here are 10 World Series legends.
Ashley Cole Will Not Be Chelsea's Captain: A Fan's Take on Cole's Tweet About the FAAshley Cole apologized to FA chairman David Bernstein on Monday for calling the Football Association a "bunch of t***s" on Twitter. Despite this apology, the tweet likely cost Ashley Cole captain status on Chelsea's squad.
Chelsea's Eden Hazard: An Actor or a Soccer Player? A Fan's Take on Roberto Di Matteo's CommentsRobert Di Matteo should be telling Eden Hazard to stop acting for a few games, until the officials begin calling penalties again. Until he meets the officials' standards, Hazard must be a soccer player and not an actor.
The Important Parts of a Baseball GameA baseball haiku.


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It's official. The Philadelphia Eagles are not just a bad
team. They are one of the most pathetic teams in the National Football League.
With a 31-6 loss in Washington on Sunday – their sixth loss
in a row – the Eagles fall to 3-7 on the season. They drop to dead last in the
NFC East, and only four teams have worse records in the entire league.
Here comes a top-five pick!
Obviously Nick Foles' first-career start did not go as planned.
The rookie quarterback connected on 21 of 46 passes for 204 yards and two
picks. He was also sacked four times. It sure didn't look like the beginning of
the Foles era.
He didn't have much help from his playmakers though. Brent
Celek dropped the pass that went for Foles' first INT. DeSean Jackson and
Jeremy Maclin combined to catch two passes for five yards. LeSean McCoy was
ineffective in the ground attack as well, carrying 15 times for 45 yards and a
fumble lost before he was knocked out late in the fourth quarter with a concussion. The offensive line is what it is at this point.
Fellow rookie Robert Griffin III's day was the exact
opposite. RG3 threw a single incompletion en route to a perfect passer rating.
He was 14 of 15 for 200 yards and four scores, and ran for another 85 on 11
To be fair to the defense, two of the Redskins' scoring
drives – a TD and a field goal – occurred after turnovers gift-wrapped the ball in
Philadelphia territory, but big plays in the passing attack killed them as
well. Griffin hit somebody named Aldrick Robinson, who was standing all alone
in the end zone for a 49-yard pass, and later found 5'10" Santana Moss in
between Brandon Boykin and Kurt Coleman for a 61-yard score.
The Eagles were completely embarrassed by a division rival,
and as if their season wasn't over before today, it definitely is now. No
team has ever gone 3-7 then made the postseason, not that anybody outside the
NovaCare Complex was seriously contemplating that possibility anyway. I'm not so sure even they were for that matter.
All you can do is shake your head at this point – that, or
laugh. The Eagles are completely terrible, and nothing but the coming winter
housecleaning can fix that right now.
33 on Matchday: Eagles linemen get y… | |
sfsu on Jayson Stark on Larry Bowa, th… | |
sfsu on Jayson Stark on Larry Bowa, th… | |
2sentz on Matchday: Eagles linemen get y… |
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text:
Medvedev orders enhanced transport security checks after blast (Update 1)
Topic: Investigation into suicide bombing at Domodedovo airport
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
© RIA Novosti. Vladimir RodionovRelated News
- Chaos overshadowed security system at Domodedovo - Medvedev
- Medvedev demands prosecution of officials responsible for security at Domodedovo
- Control system at Domodedovo Airport inadequate - Russian investigators (Update 1)
- Over 100 hospitalized after Moscow airport terrorist attack
- Russian capital on edge after airport blast kills 35 (Wrapup 4)
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on Tuesday instructed the government to implement thorough checks of passengers at major transportation facilities in the wake of a bomb attack at Moscow's Domodedovo airport that killed 35.
"We will have to set up a more thorough security system, a complete check. It will take more time for passengers, but this is the only way," Medvedev said at a Federal Security Service (FSB) meeting.
Up to 180 others were also injured after two suspected bombers detonated an explosive device hidden in a bag in the international arrivals zone at 4:32 p.m. (13:32 GMT), causing a blast equivalent to 5 kg of TNT.
The president's comments came as a security source told RIA Novosti that metal detectors at south Moscow's Vnukovo airport were only turned on after the Domodedovo blast.
Medvedev lauded transport security in the Unites States, saying transport checks there are "meticulous."
The attack was the most serious on Moscow since two female suicide bombers from the volatile North Caucasus republic of Dagestan blew themselves up at two of the capital's subway stations last March, killing 40.
Police have hinted the latest outrage may be linked to Islamist radicals in the North Caucasus.
Three suspects are being sought over the bombing.
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said Domodedovo airport security officials will be held accountable for "clear security breaches," as the terrorists entered the airport unchecked.
MOSCOW, January 25 (RIA Novosti)
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