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Top Myanmar Hotels
Myanmar Quick Guide
Featured Myanmar Hotels
Parkroyal Hotel Yangon
City Centre, Myanmar
Location Conveniently located in the heart of Yangon, Parkroyal Hotel is at the... More...
Traders Hotel Yangon
City Centre, Myanmar
Location Conveniently located in the heart of Yangon City, this property is close to... More...
Kandawgyi Palace Hotel Yangon
Kandawgyi Lake, Myanmar
Location Situated on the Royal Lake in the centre of Yangon, this property is close... More...
Sedona Hotel Yangon
Inya Lake, Myanmar
Location Located majestically on eight acres of beautifully landscaped gardens, this... More...
Sedona Hotel Mandalay
City, Myanmar
Location Nestled on four acres of landscaped gardens, this property is ideally... More...
Thiripyitsaya Sanctury Resort Bagan
Old Bagan, Myanmar
Location Situated on the banks of the Ayeyarwaddy River, Thiripyitsaya Sakura Hotel... More...
The Governor's Residence Yangon
City Centre, Myanmar
Location The Governor's Residence Yangon is located within the Yangon Embassy... More...
Thande Hotel Old Bagan
Old Bagan, Myanmar
Location The Thande Hotel is located on the south west corner of the ancient walls of... More...
Thazin Garden Hotel Bagan
New Bagan, Myanmar
Location Located on Thazin Road, the Thazin Garden Hotel Bagan is on the high plain... More...
The Strand Yangon
City Centre, Myanmar
Location Located in the heart of the city, the Strand Hotel Yangon is placed within... More...
Myanmar Travellers Tales
Yangon, Myanmar. The city is off the beaten path (for example, no cell/mobile phones that I saw) and therefore highly interesting. The Shwedagon pagoda just up the road from Summit Parkview Hotel is best visited for the first time at night, about 8pm. It positively exudes an aura of holiness. Took taxi from taxi stand at airport (6000 kyat = about 6US$) and made arrangements for them to take me around the next day. Can supply name of good taxi driver and guide upon request. Airport is simple, but mercifully free of duty free shops. Don''t forget the $10 US departure tax.
Myanmar - Take plenty of USD or Thai Bahts. As your credit card is not welcomed anywhere. There are no ATM machines. Cash is King! Taxi from Traders to Yangon airport - about K3,000 - K4,000 (USD3 - USD4). Taxi from Old Bagan - Bagan airport K3,500. Taxi from Mandalay Airport - Mandaly centre K9,000. All prices are approximate and will change depending upon your taxi driver. Airlines: Yangon Airways, Bagan Air, Air Mandalay. If you are planning a trip to Myanmar, I would definitely recommend "Bagan" as it is magnificent! Stay around 4-5 days for a pleasureable experience.
Prices escalate at an unbelievable rate! Things are cheap, but not quite as cheap as guidebooks make them out to be, being somewhat out of date. Take taxis anywhere and everywhere, they''re affordable.
We were there in May when it was incredibly hot. Questioned our own sanity once or twice when we were cycling around, but that freedom (as opposed to car or horsecart) is quite priceless.
I was in Yangon during the May bombings. Still, I felt terribly safe as a single female over 50 traveller. By all means take your camera and walk through People''s Park to the Pagoda, go to the Bogyoke Aung San Museum and have Ma Thin Thin give you a tour. If you need something luxurious, go for tea at the Strand. The Sabai Sabai is excellent for lunch although the quality decreases on a busy weekend evening. If you are interested in traditional pottery, take the ferry to Twande. Go the Gar San Glass Factory where lovely pieces can be purchased for as little as 50 cents US. They do a really good job packing. Be careful and shop around before buying anything in the Aung San Market and if you need glasses check out Academy Optical at 140/141 Bogyoke Aung San Market. Progressive lens in flexible frames including eye exam were $63 US!
Myanmar is a challenging yet unspoiled country to travel through. Train and air schedules frequently change. Rebooking air flights is a necessity, not a courtesy. Long distance buses are cheap, about US$7, for the 10 hour ride from Yangon to Mandalay. But air flights are worth the money for the time savings. In Yangon the Zawgyi House restaurant just east of Scott''s Market serves good western and Burmese food. They offer outside and air-conditioned(!) dining. Mandalay''s Green Elephant serves upscale interprerations of Burmese cuisine. In the evening there''s often a haze of burning mosquito puncks in the outdoor dining area to fend off these pesky insects. Try ''mohinga'', the rich-tasting Burmese noodle soup only served at breakfast. I''d recommend a 1-2 day trip to Pyin Uu Win outside of Mandalay to esscape the heat. The local 5-hour train makes every station stop as it snakes up the 3,000 ascent overlooking the plains. Bench seats, no interior lighting, people sitting on baggage in the aisle. In other words a great way to glimpse Burmese life.
I would recommend the Mi San restaurant at Bu Paya Junction, Old Bagan. The restaurant has good Burmese, vegetarian, and Chinese food, and the staff fan you the entire time as you eat! The owner is extremely friendly. I would recommend that visitors make an attempt to visit some of the more distant ruins. The area of the Kandawgyi and other shrines in the far north of Nyaung U, for example, has some of the finest mural paintings in all Bagan. The view from Thetkyamuni and other temples in the area over the Ayeyarwadi is the best of all sites, since the ruins are situated on rather high hills very close to the riverbank.
Recommended places: Sabai Phui guesthouse - Mandalay. Aircon and bathroom for $5 a night, (you don''t need luxury every night!), $16 boat trip to Mandalay (9hrs - more fun tan flying), Bagan Hotel (exclusive), Balloons over Bagan, expensive $225, but worth it, Royal Beach Resort - Ngapali Beach (family run and cheap). NOT RECOMMENDED - JIMMY''S TOURS AT INLE LAKE. A taxi driver dropped me off there from Heyo Airport, pretending it was the ''Boat Station'', before I knew it he''d worked out an itinerary for 1 1/2 days at $120. About 5 times what I needed to pay, if I''d avoided him. He was then unconcerned that his boat ran out of fuel and we drifted for an hour and there was no floating market where he sent me at great expense at 6.30am, due to a full moon holiday. Avoid the slippery little git at all costs. BE AFRAID, IF YOU WIND UP IN HIS OFFICE.
Inle Lake and its surrounding area felt like stepping back to a bygone era. The beauty of the lake is a compelling enough reason to visit, but the sight of traditional crafts such as cigar rolling, boat making & steel hammering are fascinating for both adults and children alike. If you are a photographer bring lots and lots of film/digital cards! As with most places though in South East Asia today, however, you feel that its only a matter of time, before traditional methods succumb to drive of the tourist dollar.
Wholeheartedly recommend the Balloons over Bagan experience. Although its not cheap it is a fantastic experience. Avoid the Green Elephant restaurant in New Bagan, particularly if paying in dollars. We went to both and the food is far superior and cheaper at the Si Thu restaurant next door, and the exchange rate quoted by the Green Elephant was an appalling 750 to the $ compared to the market rate at the time of 880.


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The habit for voting, "civic duty" and travel distance
There is a rich literature addressing the paradox of not voting and election turnout from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. By taking advantage of a unique dataset from an "experimental" setting, this paper is the first to estimate the utility that drives the "civic duty" or the habit for voting. Consistent with the general turnout literature, education level, marital status, household size, and distance all affect the persistence of voter participation.Download Info
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.Bibliographic Info
Paper provided by UMBC Department of Economics in its series UMBC Economics Department Working Papers with number 13-05.Length: 26 pages
Date of creation: Jun 2013
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:umb:econwp:1305
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Postal: UMBC Department of Economics 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore MD 21250, USA
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Keywords: voting participation; election turnout; travel distance; travel cost.;This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ALL-2013-07-05 (All new papers)
- NEP-CDM-2013-07-05 (Collective Decision-Making)
- NEP-POL-2013-07-05 (Positive Political Economics)
- NEP-URE-2013-07-05 (Urban & Real Estate Economics)
References listed on IDEASPlease report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Barry Nalebuff & Roni Shachar, 1997.
"Follow The Leader: Theory And Evidence On Political Participation,"
Yale School of Management Working Papers
ysm57, Yale School of Management.
- Barry Nalebuff & Ron Shachar, 1999. "Follow the Leader: Theory and Evidence on Political Participation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(3), pages 525-547, June.
- Egon Franck, 2010.
"Private Firm, Public Corporation or Member's Association Governance Structures in European Football,"
International Journal of Sport Finance,
Fitness Information Technology, vol. 5(2), pages 108-127, May.
- Egon Franck, . "Private Firm, Public Corporation or Member`s Association – Governance Structures in European Football," Working Papers 0106, University of Zurich, Institute for Strategy and Business Economics (ISU).
- John Gibson & Bonggeun Kim & Steven Stillman & Geua Boe-Gibson, 2013.
"Time to vote?,"
Public Choice,
Springer, vol. 156(3), pages 517-536, September.
- Gibson, John & Kim, Bonggeun & Stillman, Steven & Boe-Gibson, Geua, 2011. "Time to Vote?," IZA Discussion Papers 5854, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
- Anthony Downs, 1957. "An Economic Theory of Political Action in a Democracy," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 65, pages 135.
- Matsusaka, John G & Palda, Filip, 1993.
" The Downsian Voter Meets the Ecological Fallacy,"
Public Choice,
Springer, vol. 77(4), pages 855-78, December.
- Mutsusaka, J.G. & Palda, F., 1991. "The Downsian Voter Meets the Ecological Fallacy," Papers 91-30, Southern California - School of Business Administration.
- Richard Cebula & Michael Toma, 2006. "Determinants of Geographic Differentials in the Voter Participation Rate," Atlantic Economic Journal, International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 34(1), pages 33-40, March.
- Fort, Rodney, 1995. " A Recursive Treatment of the Hurdles to Voting," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 85(1-2), pages 45-69, October.
- Stephen Coate & Michael Conlin, 2004. "A Group Rule–Utilitarian Approach to Voter Turnout: Theory and Evidence," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(5), pages 1476-1504, December.
- Timothy J. Feddersen, 2004. "Rational Choice Theory and the Paradox of Not Voting," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 18(1), pages 99-112, Winter.
- Knack, Steve, 1994. " Does Rain Help the Republicans? Theory and Evidence on Turnout and the Vote," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 79(1-2), pages 187-209, April.
- Richard G. Niemi & Michael J. Hanmer, 2010. "Voter Turnout Among College Students: New Data and a Rethinking of Traditional Theories," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 91(2), pages 301-323.
- Timothy Feddersen & Alvaro Sandroni, 2006. "A Theory of Participation in Elections," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(4), pages 1271-1282, September.
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Glycemic index of foods
Recipes / Glycemic index of foods (1000+)
Soft Gluten Free Pretzels
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if watching glycemic index), ApproximatelyAppetizers & snacks, type of dish: Finger foods
Benefits of Fruit Based on His Skin Color
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of you who are on a diet program, highly recommended to add to the list of foods with
Crafts For Kids With Food
920 views
2 Tbsp. Veg. oil, 2 Tbsp. Cream of tartar, 1 c. Water with desired color of food coloring
Time To Learn {Association of Food Bloggers}
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not been for my friends at the Association of Food Bloggers teaming up with Pete and Gerry
A few of my favorite things....
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T of milk 1 level T of light corn syrup 1/8 tsp of almond extract* choice of food coloring
Verkadalai(Peanut) Halwa.
a pinch of Food (red or Orange) colour 60 gm ghee a drop of vanilla essence -optional
The Family Tree Of Food
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tree of food, a glorious tree whose roots are deeply planted with the love and memories of
Mexican Menu Thanks to Gooseberry Patch's Big Book of Home Cooking
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more special because it already makes two pans of food so either freeze one or make sure
Black Bean Phyllo Cups: Taking Pictures of Food Isn't Normal
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of food. Yeah, when I take pictures of food almost everyday and look at pictures of food
Groups / Glycemic index of foods (0)
Austrian Cuisine
2 members
of food preparation have often been borrowed. The Austrian cuisine is therefore one of
Step into my kitchen,and sit a while
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Step into my kitchen and share my love of food ,cooking has been my passion since I was
Local Catering Decision Making
1 member
lots of questions, such as...who's attending? How many are attending? What kind of food
Food of Umbria
15 members
Food of Umbria, for connoisseurs! Welcome to some of the most delicious regional food in
Themes / Glycemic index of foods (0)
Food design is fast evolving beyond the written recipe and into the realm of food
Memorial Day Menu
Memorial Day Menu, Here's a great selection of foods to eat on Memorial Day. Where I live
Afternoon Tea Party
order to take advantage of the weather. Set ;), You can make your food the night before
Food Safety
question how safe the food is we are eating. After a little bit of research, I have found
Vegan Cooking
that seeks to exclude the use of animals for food, clothing, or any other purpose
Trusted Results with Glycemic index of foods
Agave. A nectar or sweetner? - My Allrecipes
There has been some talk on the exchange lately about agave nectar. ... The glycemic index of agave nectar is low. As a food exchange, a one-teaspoon serving of ...
GI Diet: The Basics Article - Allrecipes.com
The Glycemic Index Diet groups foods based on how easily they're converted to ... You can eat as much of the green foods--such as fruits, vegetables, lean meats, ...
Cutting Down on Sugar Article - Allrecipes.com
Ten ways to get rid of the sweet stuff. ... glycemic index of only 7 (compare most sugars at 85-100) and is metabolized without the use of insulin. ...
CALIGIRL72 Member Profile - Community - Allrecipes
Detailed information about Allrecipes home cook, CALIGIRL72 ... I watch the glycemic index of foods I eat, and quinoa is a low GI food (35.) I've been looking for recipes ...
Diabetic Diet : Recipes and Cooking : Food Network
Trying to find healthy and delicious recipes? Food Network makes that easy with their collection of low fat, low calorie and low carb recipes.
Quinoa Side Dish Recipe - Allrecipes.com
Quinoa, cooked in chicken broth for added richness, is tossed with onion, garlic, and ... I watch the glycemic index of foods I eat, and quinoa is a low GI food (35.) I've been ...
It's been said that God first separated the salt water from the fresh, made dry ... look like the pancreas and actually balance the glycemic index of diabetics ...


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Weekly Winners!
This is one the most fun parts of my week–announcing winners from among the readers who've commented on my blog. I appreciate everyone who takes time out of their day to drop by and leave a thought. This week we … Continue reading
Posted in Contest Winners
Tagged free books, giveaway, LInda Thomas-Sundstrom, My Lady Below Stairs, Plaid to the Bone, Tracy Garrett, Wishing for a Cowboy
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Hot Holiday
I first met Linda Thomas-Sundstrom back when we both wrote for Dorchester. Since then she's authored books for Kensington Brava, Amazon Montlake, and Harlequin Nocturne, all in the paranormal romance genre. As you can tell from her pic, Linda's pretty … Continue reading
Posted in Guest Bloggers
Tagged Hot Holiday, LInda Thomas-Sundstrom, My Lady Below Stairs, paranormal, Santa Claus
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Weekly Winners!
I was blogging in several places this week–Casablanca Authors, Jaunty Quills and here of course. We talked about ghosts and storytelling and I offered up the first 500 words from my current WIP. From each place I have winners to … Continue reading
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Plaid Tidings Giveaway!
You read that correctly. You have a chance to win a signed print edition of my newest release, Plaid Tidings. It's your chance to celebrate Christmas in the Highlands. All you have to do is pop over to CasablancaAuthors and … Continue reading
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Through a series of unfortunate events, my volunteer from last week, when I was without internet connectivity, is no longer available for this week. And I didn't get the next volunteer's critique to her soon enough for today's post. So … Continue reading
Posted in Red Pencil Thursday
Tagged Mia Marlowe, My Lady Below Stairs, online writing critique, RPencil thursday
12 Comments
A Girl's Gotta Eat…Lobster Patties
One of the fun things about having a new release is celebrating with my "release buddies"–author friends who also have a new book out. It's even more fun if both the books are holiday stories! Today in celebration of the … Continue reading
20Days/20Books~Day 4!
When the good folk at Kensington heard about my Plaid to the Bone celebration, they wanted to get in on the party. Since it's my 20th published work, my publisher is kicking in 25 FREE downloads to the prize kitty. … Continue reading
Luck, Laughter & Love
You may have heard me mention that the DH and I plan to move back to the Midwest next spring. One of the many things I'm looking forward to there is becoming active in Ozarks Romance Authors again. It's how … Continue reading
National Novel Writing Month is in full swing. In case you haven't heard of this program, let me explain. It's designed to encourage those who have always wanted to write a novel to push through and get the words on … Continue reading


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RALEIGH, NC (WECT) - The North Carolina Department of Transportation will close the westbound lane on the Cape Fear Memorial Bridge starting Monday, Dec. 10 through Wednesday, Dec. 13 at 9 a.m. until 3 p.m. for maintenance, according to a news release.
Closure of this lane will be necessary to give work crews access to the bridge.
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The Last Old Boy: John O'Hara Would Have Loved This Guy, John Thornton
What, pray tell, has become of Wall Street's WASP's? More
and more, it seems, they are coming up short in the boardroom in a Wall Street
environment that is placing less and less importance on the three-martini lunch
and old-school ties.
The New York–born-and-bred, summers-on-the-Vineyard-style,
St. Grottlesex-attending, Republican-voting gentlemen have all but vanished.
Some Read More


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The Magazine IndustryŌĆÖs Most Important Legislative Issues for 2008
What the MPA and ABM will be lobbying for on Capitol Hill.
With the U.S. Presidential elections just 11 months away, the political lineup on Capitol Hill is sure to make for a tricky climate for a number of lobbying groups, including those charged with representing the magazine industry. But despite the inevitable challenges, groups like the Magazine Publishers┬Āof America┬Āand American Business Media plan to carry the torch for a number of important issues in 2008.
"We hope and anticipate that the Free Flow (shield) legislation, which provides federal protection for reporters' confidential courses, will be approved by the Senate early in the year, and be sent to the President for his signature," wrote Rita Cohen, MPA's senior vice president of legislative and regulatory policy, in an e-mail to FOLIO:. "We have been very active supporters of this legislation and will continue to push to get it across the finish line."
ABM's Information Policy Committee plans also to lobby for shield laws and freedom of information next year. Another important issue it will tackle is net neutrality. The idea is that broadband service providers should not be permitted to discriminate against smaller media companies, or burden or interfere with content providers based on the content's source, ownership or destination. "It's one of the things we'll be discussing because we are try to be protective of our smaller publishing interests and net neutrality seems to be one of these things where you have the larger IT service providers who are in control of the flow of information across the Internet and small companies are leary of what could possibly happen," says Joshua Kuvin, ABM's CTO and IPC spokesperson.
Some smaller media companies fear increased costs, limited file transfer sizes and a "shrinking of the pipeline" dependent on costs, he says. "It's something that's been on the FCC's mind for a while but has not come up with any regulation on it yet. It is something that we will be following closely in 2008."
IP legislation will be another important magazine industry topic in 2008 for the MPA. "The IP legislation being considered would toughen current copyright laws and provide law enforcement with additional resources and capabilities to better combat copyright violations, although the House and Senate versions differ in their approach to accomplishing this objective," Cohen wrote. "The privacy legislation that has been introduced would require a ŌĆśprivacy impact assessment' to be done for every federal rule, assessing the impact of the proposed rule on individuals' privacy, a provision that is of potential concern to us. The Federal Trade Commission's activity with regard to ŌĆśbehavioral tracking' of online activity is something we will continue to monitor as well."
Online advertising privacyŌĆöespecially after Facebook ceased its online tracking program earlier this yearŌĆöwill be an important issue for ABM's Information Policy Committee, too. "What was taken away from the Facebook issue was that although they were able to accomplish increased revenue or targeted marketing, they crushed the brand with the consumer base because people didn't want it or trust it," says Kuvin. "It's something that we're tuned into. Our members want to keep their brand and not mess with their consumer bases."
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"Yushin Okami definitely has a chance to win a decision," Bravo told CagedInsider.com." "He has the possibility of grinding out a decision. Sonnen almost did it, but my money's on Anderson."
Bravo on Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira vs. Brendan Schaub: "That's going to be a hard fight for Nogueira. Even though he's got the home court advantage, Brendan Schaub's young, and aggressive. He's on a roll, and he"s tough as hell. Nogueira is kind of at the end of his career you might say. His chins a little suspect as of late."
Full Editorial Here: Caged Insider


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Chainwheel Drive
If it has a chainwheel drive, it's here. This long-established local store has a huge selection of bicycles, from rugged mountain bikes to svelte racing models. There's also a complete range of accessories and apparel, including parts, tools, helmets, bottles, backpacks, shoes and gloves. Services include repairs, rentals and shipping.
1770 Drew St, Clearwater, FL 33755
(727) 441-2444
- Accessibility Details: There is a ramp.
- Accessibility Details: This establishment has a ground-level access and designated parking spaces.
- Hours: Daily, 24 hrs
- Hours: Mon - Fri, 10am - 7pm; Sat, 10am - 5pm; Sun, noon - 5pm.
- Accessible: yes
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Reader Comments (Page 1 of 1)
The concept reminds me of Halo. Seems like it could be alot of fun.
I do however wonder how reliant players, both in Wintergrasp and this battleground, will be on siege vehicles. If it is turns out to be nothing more than vehicles vs. vehicles, where everyone desperately tries to fit into a vehicle, I foresee problems.. Although pointless to conclude anything at this moment I guess.


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Home - Destinations - iPhone/Android - Partners - Forum - Photos - Deals - What's New |
Routes Sorted
L to R R to L Alpha |
DescriptionOnce rather dirty, this line has improved significantly with use. LocationRoute #14 on Monomaniac's Topos. Rightmost route on Tornado Alley. Scramble up a small hill to get to the base. ProtectionBolts to Anchors


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: You knew it was too good to be true. MediaTakeOut.com has learned that Maury's talk show is caught in its very own paternity scandal. According to tabloid reports, guests on his popular Paternity Test episodes are frequently acting.
Last year, a guest named Lashana appeared on Mary's show looking to find the father of her son Jeremiah. But Lashana is now claiming her appearance was a complete fraud.
According to Lashana, she contacted Maury's producers and asked to give three men paternity tests, but they all declined. The show's producers then reportedly convinced Lashana to find any other man she knew and bring him on the show.
When Lashana found a man Anthony, she told producers that he wasn't the father of her son. But the producers didn't seem to mind. They just drafted up a script for Lashana and Anthony to recite on stage.
According to Lashana's mother, the entire appearance was scripted. She was quoted as saying, "Everything was scripted. Anthony had to call Lashana a whore and swear he wasn't the father. Lashana had to cry and I had to be mad at Anthony ... and when Maury opened the DNA envelope and reveal that Anthony wasn't the father, he had to jump around and do cartwheels."
I think that is the most ridiculous thing ever. First off, I would never humiliate myself nor nobody else by getting on the phone and calling some people I don't know from a can of paint, or never even seen before and tell them I don't know who the father of my child is, and ask them to help me find out who he is.....reason being is because that's my responsibility to know who I'm sleeping with and if I put myself in that predictament then that's on me. I don't think a woman should belittle herself like that anyway to sleep around with different men (UNPROTECTED)and then get pregnant and don't have a clue who the father is...that's not what real women treat themselves.
Now far as these fake *** talk shows that comes on, yeah I use to watch them when my kids was babies and yes they use to be interesting, but now my kids are 14 & 15 yrs. old I realize I use to be wasting my time watching that ish' because I seen one episode of Maury about the same ish'. This girl brought about 10 guys on the show to find out if either one of them was the father and neither one was, and she still had more guys to bring on the show but after I seen that I lost interest because that was just too much for me to see a young woman put herself in a situation like that to humiliate herself like that in front of millions of people just to make a few dollars.
Inclosing while everybody trying to get their 15 min. of fame and a check for $100.00 dollars (cause that's all they get paid)what about the childrens rep they messing up. And some of those females actually bring their kids on the show and have their pic put on the screen, or some will let them bring the kids out on stage. I think Maury and his guest are sick indivduals.
im glad that *** is fake i knew my black people were not that crazy and dumb to act like they do on that show whooo but i still will watch they show like i do when im bored lol cause "u are not the father" girl:"omg noooooooo:runs all around lookin for the exit, or falls to the ground:" lmao *** that show
Who gives a damm, it still makes for GREAT comedy!
She's old, she's hip, she's loud, she's obnoxious, she knows your business, she'll tell your business and then she'll cuss your azz out.. she's Miss Pearl
[link to external website removed] [link to external website removed] [link to external website removed]
African American news and entertainment.
It may be just seen as entertainment but these shows depict black people in the worst sterotypical way. I knew someone who went on Maury. It was a show about opposites attract. He said he was offered $250 to appear but he claimed they raised it to $500 if he took his *** off. He's morbidly obese and I guess the show though it would be "entertaining". He being fat and extremly overweight was supposed to be with this skinny white girl, but neither of them had ever met before the show. All these so called talk shows and reality shows are fake and black people who appear on them come off looking like fools.
Some of the shows are real. And the sad thing is they get back to the hood and flaunt it like its okay that they STILL don't know who the father is and that they were on the show. *smh* sooo f'ing stupid. This chick (she was 19 mind you) had the nerve to come back like "and what I don't give a f**ck cuz I'm the mommy and the daddy" damnnnn shame.
Will still watch when I'm home from work though ;)
it's all for fun...its the equivalent to reading these fabricated MTO stories on a daily...I think in the back of everyones mind, they know that this *** is exaggerated, but man while ur watching it, its funny as hell. especially cheaters, OMG, i love when they start fighting!!
And not all of them are completely fake, but of course these people get prepped on how to react, i.e., the dancing and running off of the stage, the claiming "i'm a million % sure hes the daddy"...I'm watching Maury right now!!!
I know for sure that one story was real, a friend of mine came on the show earlier this year to tell his girlfriend that his was sleeping with her best-friend and that he might be the father of her best-friend's son. He was not he father after all and the friends kinda made he look stupid, matter of fact, they kept calling him trash to his face and kept walking it out all across the stage...my friend is in a wheelchair.
I always thought it was fake when a girl would bring 10 different guys on the show. If you are a hoe and had one *** stands how do you know the first and last name and address of at least 10 one *** stands? How did these �one *** stands� know enough about you to tell your business on national TV and call you a hoe? This junk is fake.
Maury: In the case of 5 yr old Jambalaya Jenkins.... you are NOT the father.
Girl: AWWWWWAWWWWWHAW haw haw haw hawawwww NOOOO oooh ohh hohohohoh .. noooooooo awwwwwhhhhhahahahaa ... As she runs offstage into the maze that is backstage with cameras following her ...
The alleged father does the C- walk on sage and throws a few finger signs up as they go to commercial break!!!
Girl: How could this happen??? I wa- was so sure, I ain't done nothin' to nobody/
Alleged father, encouraged backstage: Aww Girl, it's a-ight, come on na, we can still kick-it doe
Girl: I'm so sorry, I swear, I thought you was, cause I loved you..
10 Months later, same couple:
Baby mama: I don't caaarr what he say, he the daddy- he the daddy- I know fo so dis time- (getting out of seat to go the screen) look at the nose, hell naw, look at the fo-head..
Alledged baby daddy repeat offender: La Qreashaiana ain't nothin' but a hoe' and here today to prove that she sucked my di*k
@ kymelle,
Maury: Tyrone when it comes to 1 month old Ty'Qreashaian, you are NOT the father!
Crowd goes wild, "baby daddy" jumps up and down and starts dancing, and La Qreashaiana runs off the stage with her face in her hands and collapses to the floor in the hallway!
Maury: You know we're here for you! We'll help you find your babys father!
Like we didn't know it was staged MTO do you see how befor the dude comes out he is on a little clip reading (all ***) about how much he hate the girl. It is funny though. But at the same time it's real talk cuz hoodrats in the world really don't be knowing who they baby father is and it be between like 15 dudes. Hoes will be around forever. what what we do if there were no jump offs? The world would be a boring place.
i knew some of them had to be fake--especially the *** who had been on there like 15 times & everytime they told her some n*gga wasnt the father, she bolted like a scared rabbit the same exact way over & over & over again. *** took off like she had jets in her ***. & they showed clips from all the shows where she did it exactly the same. it was stupid. anyway thats my show tho! that *** is funny.
Maury: do you know who else may be the baby's dad?
Qreashaiana: No, it wasn't really nobody 'cept him.
Maury: come on Qreashaiana think, who else could be...
Qreashaiana: oh yeah I forgot, I that one *** after a par-dy
Maury: (stupid look) do you have a name
Qreashaina: Big rick, lil john, Kadema, Kaman, Redman, Kool G Rap, bobby brown, neo, Jay-Z, DMX Usher, P. Diddy, Shaquille
Maury: Wait a minute...
Maury jumps out of seat, snatches off Greashaina's wig- And i'll be damned!!!!
I was just telling my wife how I recognized this one chick from Hell Date on that Parental Control Show and how one of I Love New York's men was also on Hell Date. ALL THESE reality shows are bogus. Besides you have to know what's going on if you go on the show. I still loves me a ignant' Black chick running to the green room after Maury tells her that Bakim ain't her baby's daddy.
Well the episode wit' ole gurl from NEWARK was REAL! Her dumb azz took ole boy who's quite infamous around da way (Irvine Turner) on the show & now the dvd is on sale at White Castle. She been going around town claiming he was the father even during her pregnancy. Anywho, when the envelope was opened of course he wasn't. He then proceeded to b walk across the stage. They still *** wit her til this day. Even the children yell out "HE IS NOT THE FATHER!" each and everytime she walks out her front door. Maybe some are scripted, but this one was definitely real. My cousin took me around there just to see it for myself... and I'm saddened to say that we laughed and laughed @ the kiddie boos yellin' that phrase out. It's like they all stop what they're doing and stare at her, then one by one they start yellin the same thing.


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Grades: K - 8 | 279 students
Holy Spirit Parish School, established in 1947 as an educational ministry of Holy Spirit Parish, was administered by the Sisters of Mercy until 1999.
The school provides students in grades kindergarten through eight with a diverse, well-rounded curriculum, modeled by the teaching of Jesus through the values, traditions, philosophies and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.
The school cultivates academic excellence, lifelong learning, Christ-like leadership and a passion for peace and justice.
Its curriculum provides spiritual, intellectual, physical, moral and emotional growth in a liturgically rich environment.
School Overview
School Membership(s)School Assoc. | National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA) |
Religious Affiliation | Roman Catholic |
Grades Offered | Grades Kindergarten - 8 |
Student Body
Total Students | 279 students |
Student Body Type | Co-ed |
% Students of Color | 19% (CA School Avg.: 41%) |
Students by Grade |
Academics and Faculty
Total Classroom Teachers | 14 teachers |
Student : Teacher Ratio | 20:1 (National school avg.: 13:1) |
Average Class Size | 32 students |
Nearby Schools:
The nearest high school is New Dimension Learning Academy (2 miles away)
The nearest elementary school is Brookfield School (0.5 miles away)
The nearest preschool is Childrens Home Connection (1.4 miles away)
All Schools
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|Elementary Schools Elementary Schools
|Preschools Preschools
|Public Schools Public Schools
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School Reviews
Recent Articles
Updated February 16, 2014
Here are 25 factoids about private K-12 schools written to make you want to explore the private school world further and in depth.
Why does one private school cost less than another in the same area? Why are certain areas of the country much more expensive than others? We examine tuition costs around the nation.
Aren't girls more likely to succeed in a coeducational setting? Are there advantages to educating girls in a single sex setting? We look at some answers.


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bio | website | clojure.lang.dk |
location | Denmark | |
age | 44 | |
visits | member for | 2 years, 3 months |
seen | Feb 25 at 8:21 | |
stats | profile views | 3 |
I am a programmer.
I will never move outside emacs if i can avoid it. (and then only as far as a separate bash shell) I will use vi or vim if I need to or if it is convenient for the task at hand.(users of old editors need to stick together)
My goal is to never stop learning, but I have been surprised about the level of enjoyment using a lisp can bring to the learning process.
I will not limit myself to one platform but continue to be platform independent.


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What did you pick?
So I received an email today with a list of NCO's. My name was on list and the sender explained that we could potentially be selected for retraining and that choosing something you would like to do would be the smart thing to do.
I looked at the list and since I wouldn't mind doing something new I applied for retraining and I am now waiting. Anyone else take the leap?
What did you pick?
I think I may have wasted a pick due to inefficient research..I chose Combat Weather (may have to be weather first), Aerial Gunner, UAV Sensor Operator, Education Training and Flight Attendent.
After UAV Sensor Operator I didn't care hence the last two. No matter what happens if I am chosen or not I'll be happy.
I dont think you have to be weather first anymore to be a SOWT. They had just shredded those into two separate AFSCs towards the end of my time in the AF, 1W0X1 (Weather) and 1W0X2 (SOWT). They have a training pipeline setup for the SOWT path now. Although, @wxjumper might be able to answer those questions better than I can. If you have any general questions about the 1W0X1 career field you can send me a PM.
Last edited by RFScott; 06-18-2013 at 09:41 PM.
Sensor operator is a very smart move. It's the way of the future and you can make bank once you get out.
Wow, love the new forums. Just got an email that I was mentioned and it brought me here even though I never viewed or followed this thread.
RFScott is right, SOWT is a separate career field and you would be put through the same training pipeline as CCT and be incorporated into STSs (an upcoming change, the 10th CWS is going away) when you graduate. You will have the same tactical training as everybody else, but your expertise would be on environmental reconnaissance and forecasting.
@RFScott , @wxjumper , thank you for the info. I'm currently running primarily on my phone and I need to preserve my battery. I'll PM you tomorrow for some more information. Not sure if my injury will completely rule me out or if I will he lucky and have an opportunity to rehab before a class comes available. If I'm even selected of course.
Last edited by AFKILO7; 06-18-2013 at 10:10 PM. Reason: Added "@".
I got sucked up in Phase II in 97 and drug kicking & screaming from being an SP... sucked, but it obviously worked out. Roll with the punches and make the best of it.
"If a man is called to be a street sweeper, he should sweep the streets even as Michelangelo painted, or Beethoven composed music, or Shakespeare wrote poetry. He should sweep the street so well that all the hosts of heaven and earth will pause to say, here lived a great street sweeper who did his job well. "
Dr Martin Luther King, Jr.
Chief Runner Amok of the Troll Cabal
I should've been a bit clearer, the list was put together by a SNCO at the MPF. The list contained the names of NCO's who could potentially wind up on the "list", I am happy she took the time to compile a list personally. She showed me that she is at least trying to give us the opportunity to see act
on something before we are forced into a situation.
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


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BECKWITH, W.Va. -- A Fayette County man died Friday after he was partially ejected from his vehicle near Fayetteville.
Fayette County Sheriff Steve Kessler said Saturday that the driver struck a guardrail, his vehicle went airborne, and the vehicle landed approximately 60 feet over an embankment.
Emergency responders pronounced Michael Lee Bryson dead at the scene. Bryson, 32, of Minden, was driving in the Beckwith area about 8:39 p.m. Friday. Kessler said the driver was apparently not wearing a seatbelt.
Lt. L.A. Crisp of the Fayette County Sheriff's Department is continuing to investigate the cause of the crash.


text:
- 47 results for brand+transparency
Affairs / Politics
Expenses scandal, Kiwi-style
Saturday 10 July
A year after the expenses scandal that threw the UK's parliament into crisis, aftershocks are registering in New Zealand.
Affairs / Transport
Bother on the Bahn
Friday 8 January
Deutsche Bahn is much admired by foreign travellers and internationally renowned for its comfort and reliability.
Affairs / Sport
Football transforms a small town
Wednesday 12 May
"There's no question about it, this will become one of the most visited places in Europe," says Alastair Saverimutto in a very matter-of-fact way.
Culture / Entertainment
Weekend Agenda
Saturday 28 September
This weekend head to Asia's biggest photography fair in Tokyo, check out a growing art star in Milan, and enjoy the new album by psychedelic funk-soul trio The Stepkids.
Design / Diplomacy
Poles apart
Monday 19 October
Diplomatic design is back in the spotlight thanks to a new British embassy that has just officially opened in Warsaw.
Affairs / Government
Let's get this country started
Friday 20 November
This time last year Iceland was reeling from an economic collapse of unprecedented proportions.


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Dear Rivy, In honor of Mother's Day I decided to prepare a speech, a d'var Torah, about mothers and daughters in the Torah. I thought it was a good idea. I began my research in earnest but had quite a hard time finding material. Where did I go wrong? I am not sure that you went wrong anywhere. I appreciate your experience and empathize with your consternation. I too have attempted such investigations. It is not simple to fashion a d'var Torah about mothers and daughters in the Torah, primarily because there is not much from which one might glean. When considering father and son relationships, there are a number of quite complex narratives from which we can garner timeless interpretations, meanings and inspiration. Without much strain to the brain we can tick those sets off quite swiftly, including Noah and his sons, Abraham and Isaac, Isaac and Jacob, Jacob and Joseph, Saul and Jonathan, David and Absalom. Though a number of these relationships give us pause and are fraught with intense conflict, they are relationships nonetheless. Without a doubt, they mirror the intricate and oftentimes precariously complicated nature of the father-son bond. When we turn to inventory mother-daughter connections, the list is disappointingly sparse. Our first task must be to identify mother-daughter pairs in the Torah. In this discussion, we are use a broad definition of Torah, including all 24 books of what we call the Tanach: the Torah, the Prophets and the writings. Some call these the Hebrew Scriptures. At first glance we can quickly identify two visible mother-daughter duos; Leah and Dinah in Genesis, and Yocheved and Miriam in Exodus, the former receiving much less fanfare than the latter. A second more comprehensive page-turning, concordance-checking, CD-ROM-searching exploration yields nothing more. I hesitate to utter the words, but I think we are done. I invite you to prove me wrong ' I would rejoice with you. Keep in mind we are searching for a meaningful kind of mother-daughter citation not a flavorless reference in a genealogical 'begat' list. Those are decidedly exceptional as well, what with the father-son genealogy by far outpacing the mother-daughter statistics. Proceeding with our identified mothers and daughters, although limited, I wonder whether these scant twosomes may yet offer us a fertile patch of earth from which we can grow some big ideas about mothers and daughters and their relationships. What pearls of wisdom do these mothers impart upon their daughters? What gems preserved through the ages are recorded? This is where we get even a bit more discomfited. Upon further investigation, it becomes apparent that there is not a single word of dialogue between any mothers and daughters in the entire aforementioned 24 books of the Hebrew Scripture. Implausible as it may sound, it is true; not one word is exchanged in the entire Tanach between any mother and daughter. Now what? Skip the mother-daughter d'var Torah? I think not. There are, after all, narratives that can mined for meaning. There may be no words exchanged between mothers and daughters, but there are deeds that can provide inspiration and insight. In spite of this discerned dearth of dialogue, I believe there is something to be learned. Concepts can be extracted from the little we do have in the texts. For example, Rebecca meets, waters and welcomes the servant of Abraham and his camels in Genesis, Chapter 24. Bedecked with gifted jewelry, she runs to her mother's house to report on the arrival of the stranger. Though no words are directly exchanged we notice that here the beginning of a hint of a motif: Mother's tent or Mother's house. Later, Isaac is comforted after the death of his mother only when he brings Rebecca into what had been his mother's tent. In one of the five Megillot, the dreamy beloved of 'Song of Songs' speaks to her adored suitor and tells him that she will bring him into her mother's house. There the relationship will blossom ' Mother's house again. Mother is the original comfort of intimacy and love. The run to Mother's house is the eternal impulse for return. Mother's house is a womblike shelter and security ' the place of primal warmth. The potential romance between Isaac and Rebecca is set in motion as she runs to her own mother's house with news of the unfamiliar person who had been bursting with intentions which are then later ultimately realized as she enters the tent of Isaac's mother. Mother's love gives way to the promise of intimate love of the future. The Torah is suggesting a blueprint for mothers and daughters. Let's understand that first place of tenderness and grow from there. Perhaps this sweet phenomenon of 'Mother's house' can help us to break down those tensions that sometimes build between mother and daughter. One more incident where nary a word is spoken takes place by the banks of the Nile. Miriam, sister of baby Moshe, sets out to watch as the daughter of Pharaoh reaches for the Hebrew baby meant to be drowned. What to do? A nursemaid is needed. Again the dash to mother with no words recorded, but we can imagine the swift urgency with which they are delivered. Mother and daughter share an intense purpose: this baby must be saved and cared for by its Israelite mother. Perhaps no words need be spoken. There are understandings that transcend the spoken word. These two voiceless episodes speak to me deeply. I see these patterns played out with my own daughters, the silent knowing and understanding, the trusting intimacy of relationships and the comfort of eloquent trust. The d'var Torah of mothers and daughters is a talk that does not abound with examples but it certainly resounds with meaning, sometimes actions transcend words.
Rivy Poupko Kletenik is an internationally renowned educator and Judaic Principal at the Seattle Hebrew Academy. If you have a question that's been tickling your brain, send Rivy an email at email@example.com.
The new Professional Directory to Jewish Washington is now accepting listings for your business. Visit www.professionalwashington.com today to get started!


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Funeral services for Rev. Rodney Lynn Pennell, 76, New Albany, will be at 2 p.m. Thursday, Feb. 13, at Kraft Funeral Service, Charlestown Road Chapel, New Albany, with private burial in Kraft-Graceland Memorial Park, New Albany. He died Monday, Feb. 10, 2014, at River Crossings, Charlestown.
He was born Jan. 5, 1938 in New Albany, to the late Horace and Geneva Pennell. Music was his life-long passion and he served as a Minister of Music with the Church of God out of Anderson. He also managed the Indiana Gas Company, Madison.
Survivors include daughters, Angela Werncke and her husband, Greg, and Penny Bodner and her husband, Micah; grandchildren, Maggie, Chet, Cody, and Amie Werncke and Bea Harper and Emmy Bodner; and former wife, Judie Pennell and children, Bill and Stephanie.
Visitation will be from noon to 2 p.m. Thursday, at the funeral home.
Online condolences may be made to www.kraftfs.com
February 10, 2014
Rev. Rodney Lynn Pennell
76; New Albany
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- Raymond E. Oltman Jr., 78; Clarksville
- Roberta R. 'Bobby' Clark O'Toole, 92; Georgetown
- Beth Ann Tegarden, 49; New Albany
- Mar 11, 2014
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- Orville Kenneth Gayhart, 76; Georgetown
- Sharon Rose 'Sherri' Gibson, 67; Clarksville
- Ruby Gail Hooper, 56; Clarksville
- Dallas R. Jenkins, 66; Jeffersonville
- Mary Ann Hunckler Pemberton, 88; Charlestown
- William B. Rader, 88; Hazard, Ky.
- Mary C. Scruggs, 88; Winter Haven, Fla.
- David Durand 'Buck' Webb, 86; North Vernon
- Michael D. Yochum, 45; Floyds Knobs
- Mar 10, 2014
- Shirley Gertrude (Huffman) Hampton, 83; New Albany
- Jo Ann Elliott Nichols, 81; hospital volunteer
- Lawrence Quentin Balles, 75; Underwood


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Women's Leigh Wedge
Come straight off the beach and hit the street in style with the Crocs™ Leigh Wedge. The Leigh Wedge is the perfect comfortable heeled Crocs™ shoe for those long summer days. If you are looking for style and comfort, the Crocs™ Leigh Wedge is the clear choice.
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New User!
Higher Gossip
By: John Updike , Christopher CarduffeBook Publisher: Random House
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Here is the collection of nonfiction pieces that John Updike was compiling when he died in January 2009. It opens with a self-portrait of the writer in winter, a Prospero who, though he fears his most dazzling performances are behind him, reveals himself in every sentence to be in deep conversation with the sources of his magic. It concludes with a moving meditation on a world without religion, without art, and on the difficulties of faith in a disbelieving age. In between are pieces on Peanuts , Mars, and the songs of Cole Porter, a pageant of scenes from early Massachusetts, and a good deal of Updikean table talk. At the heart of the volume are dozens of book reviews from The New Yorker and illustrated art writings from The New York Review of Books. Updike's criticism is gossip of the highest sort. We will not hear the likes of it again.
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Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 had diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes.
The sepoys, a generic term used for native Indian soldiers of the Bengal Army, had their own list of grievances against the Company Raj, mainly caused by the ethnic gulf between the British officers and their Indian troops. The British had issued new gunpowder cartridges that were widely believed to be greased with cow or pig fat, which insulted both Hindus and Muslims.[1] Other than Indian units of the British East India Company's army, much of the resistance came from the old aristocracy, who were seeing their power steadily eroded under the British.
Some Indians came to believe that the British intended to convert them either by force or by deception (for example by causing them to lose caste) to Christianity. The British religious fashion of the time was Evangelism, and many East India Company officers took it upon themselves to try to convert their sepoys. This was strongly discouraged by the Company, which was aware of the potential for religion to become a flashpoint.[citation needed]
The Doctrine of Lapse, part of the British policy of expansionism, was also greatly resented. If a feudal ruler did not leave a male heir through natural process, i.e., his own child, not an adopted one, the land became the property of the British East India Company. In eight years, Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General of India, annexed many kingdoms including Jhansi, Awadh, Satara, Nagpur and Sambalpur, adding up to a quarter of a million square miles (650,000 km²) of land to the Company's territory. Nobility, feudal landholders, and royal armies found themselves unemployed and humiliated. Even the jewels of the royal family of Nagpur were publicly auctioned in Calcutta, a move that was seen as a sign of utter disrespect by the remnants of the Indian aristocracy. In addition the Bengal army of the East India Company drew many recruits from Awadh; they could not remain unaffected by the discontent back home.[citation needed]
Indians were unhappy with the draconian rule of the British who had embarked on a project of rather rapid expansion and westernisation that was imposed without any regard for historical subtleties in Indian society. Changes introduced by the British, such as outlawing Sati (the ritual burning of widows) and child marriage, were accompanied by prohibitions on Indian religious customs, seen as steps towards a forced conversion to Christianity.[2]
Historian William Dalrymple asserts that the rebels were motivated primarily by resistance to the move of the East India Company, which was perceived as an attempt to impose Christianity and Christian laws in India.[3] For instance, when Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar met the sepoys on 11 May 1857, he was told: "We have joined hands to protect our religion and our faith." They later stood in Chandni Chowk, the main square, and asked the people gathered there, "Brothers, are you with those of the faith?"[3] Those British men and women who had previously converted to Islam such as the defectors, Sergeant-Major Gordon, and Abdullah Beg, a former Company soldier, were spared.[4] In contrast, foreign Christians such as Revd Midgeley John Jennings, and Indian converts to Christianity such as one of Zafar's personal physicians, Dr. Chaman Lal, were killed outright.[4]
Dalrymple further points out that as late as 6 September, when calling the inhabitants of Delhi to rally against the upcoming British assault, Zafar issued a proclamation stating that this was a religious war being prosecuted on behalf of 'the faith', and that all Muslim and Hindu residents of the imperial city, or of the countryside were encouraged to stay true to their faith and creeds.[3] As further evidence, he observes that the Urdu sources of the pre- and post-rebellion periods usually refer to the British not as angrez (the English), goras (whites) or firangis (foreigners), but as kafir (infidels) and nasrani (Christians).[3]
The justice system was considered inherently unfair to the Indians. In 1853, the British Prime Minister Lord Aberdeen opened the Indian Civil Service to native Indians; this, however, was viewed by some of educated India as an insufficient reform. The official Blue Books, entitled East India (Torture) 1855–1857, that were laid before the House of Commons during the sessions of 1856 and 1857 revealed that Company officers were allowed an extended series of appeals if convicted or accused of brutality or crimes against Indians. The Company also practised financial extortion through heavy taxation. Failure to pay these taxes almost invariably resulted in appropriation of property.[citation needed]
Some historians have suggested that the impact of these reforms has been greatly exaggerated, as the British did not have the resources to enforce them, meaning that away from Calcutta their effect was negligible.[5]
This was not the view taken by the British themselves after 1857: instead they scaled down their programme of reform, increased the racial distance between Europeans and native Indians, and also sought to appease the gentry and princely families, especially Muslim, who had been major instigators of the 1857 revolt. After 1857, Zamindari (regional feudal officials) became more oppressive, the caste system became more pronounced, and the communal divide between Hindus and Muslims became marked and visible, which some historians argue was due in great part to a British tactic of divide and rule.[citation needed]
Another important reason for the rebellion was the attitude towards Bahadur Shah Zafar. Lord Dalhousie, the governor-general of India at the time, had insulted the Emperor by asking him and his successors to leave the Red Fort, the palace in Delhi. Later, Lord Canning, the next governor-general of India, announced in 1856 that Bahadur Shah's successors would not even be allowed to use the title of Sultan. Such discourtesies were resented by many of the people and the Indian rulers.[citation needed]
The British East India Company was a massive export company that was the force behind much of the colonisation of India. The power of the Company took nearly 150 years to build. As early as 1693, the annual expenditure in political "gifts" to men in power reached nearly 90,000 pounds. In bribing the Government, the Company was allowed to operate in overseas markets despite the fact that the cheap imports of South Asian silk, cotton, and other products hurt domestic business. By 1767, the Company was forced into an agreement to pay 400,000 pounds into the National Exchequer annually.
By 1848, however, the Company's financial difficulties had reached a point where expanding revenue required expanding British territories in South Asia massively. The Company began to set aside adoption rights of native princes and began the process of annexation of more than a dozen independent Rajas between 1848 and 1854. In an article published in The New York Daily Tribune on 28 July 1857, Karl Marx notes that "... in 1854 the Raj of Berar, which comprise 80,000 square miles (210,000 km2) of land, a population from four to five million, and enormous treasures, was forcibly seized".
By 1857, the independence of the remaining Indian states had been marginalised, and the Company exported untold quantities of gold, jewels, silver, silk, cotton, and a host of other precious materials back to England every year. This extraordinary quantity of wealth, much of it collected as 'taxes', was absolutely critical in expanding public and private infrastructure in Britain and in financing British expansionism elsewhere in Asia and Africa. It is argued by some historians that this very wealth funded, in large part, the Industrial Revolution. Although revisionists doubt the extent of which Indian finance impacted the Industrial Revolution.[citation needed]
The land was reorganised under the comparatively harsh Zamindari system to facilitate the collection of taxes. In certain areas farmers were forced to switch from subsistence farming to commercial crops such as indigo, jute, coffee and tea. This resulted in hardship to the farmers and increases in food prices.
Local industry, specifically the famous weavers of Bengal and elsewhere, also suffered under British rule. Import tariffs were kept low, according to traditional British free-market sentiments, and thus the Indian market was flooded with cheap clothing from Britain. Indigenous industry simply could not compete, and where once India had produced much of England's luxury cloth, the country was now reduced to growing cotton which was shipped to Britain to be manufactured into clothing, which was subsequently shipped back to India to be purchased by Indians.
The Indians felt that the British were levying very heavy taxation on the locals. This included an increase in the taxation on land. This seems to have been the most important reason, keeping in view the speed at which the conflagration spread to the villages where farmers rushed to get back their unfairly grabbed title deeds. The resumption of tax free land and confiscation of jagirs caused discontent among the jagirdars and zamidaras . Lord William Bentinck had attached several jagirs in Bengal. He also resumed the tax free lands. it caused widespread resentment not only among the landed aristocracy but also caused great havoc to a larger section of the middle-class people. An article by Dr. Hardiman.
In order to consolidate and control British territory, the East India Company maintained a well-established army of 257,000 Sepoys (native Indian soldiers, called Sowars in cavalry units) commanded by British officers. The presidencies of Bombay, Madras and Bengal maintained their own army each with its own commander-in-chief. Together, they fielded more troops than the official army of the British Empire.
During the late eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth century, the armies of the East India Company, in particular those of the Bengal Presidency, were victorious and indomitable — the term "high noon of the sepoy army" has been used by a military historian.[6] The British had an unbroken series of victories in India, against the Marathas, Mysore, north Indian states, and the Gurkhas, later against the Sikhs, and abroad in Egypt, China, Burma and elsewhere. The British had developed a military organisation where fealty of the sepoys to the Company was considered the height of "izzat" or honour, where the British officers replaced the village headman in battalions and units peopled by soldiers closely related or belonging to the same caste, community or hamlet and became benevolent figures of authority to the sepoys.[6]
Unlike the Bombay and Madras Armies, which were far more diverse, the Bengal Army recruited its regular soldiers almost exclusively amongst the landowning Bhumihar Brahmins and Rajputs of the Ganges Valley. Though paid marginally less than the Bombay and Madras Presidency troops, there was implicit trust between the soldiery and the establishment — the soldiers felt needed and that the company would care for their welfare. The soldiers performed splendidly on the field of battle in exchange for which they were rewarded with symbolic heraldic rewards such as battle honours in addition to the extra pay or "batta" (foreign pay) routinely disbursed for operations committed beyond the established borders of Company rule.[6]
There was a feeling of invincibility, especially amongst the Indian population and the sepoys, about the iqbal or continued good fortune of the East India Company. During the mid-nineteenth century, events disturbed these beliefs of the soldiery, all of which contributed to the escalation of events in 1857. The belief of invincibility of the British was lost in the First Anglo-Afghan War where poor political judgement and inept British leadership led to the massacre of Elphinstone's army while retreating from Kabul. When the mood of the sepoys turned against their masters, they remembered Kabul and that the British, like everyone else, were not invincible.[6]
Caste privileges and customs within the Bengal Army were not merely tolerated but encouraged in the early years of the Company's Rule. Partly owing to this, Bengal Sepoys were not subject to the penalty of flogging as were the British soldiers. This meant that when they came to be threatened by modernising regimes in Calcutta from the 1840s onwards, the sepoys had become accustomed to very high ritual status, and were extremely sensitive to suggestions that their caste might be polluted.[7] If the caste of high-caste sepoys was considered to be "polluted", they would have to expend considerable sums of money on ritual purification before being accepted back into society.
There were many indications that all was not well in the armies of the East India Company in the form of mutinies by company troops. As early as 1806, concerns that the sepoys' caste may be polluted had led to the Vellore Mutiny, which was brutally suppressed. In 1824, there was another mutiny by a regiment ordered overseas in the First Anglo-Burmese War, who were refused transport to carry individual cooking vessels and told to share communal pots. Eleven of the sepoys were executed and hundreds more sentenced to hard labour.[8] In 1851-2 sepoys who were required to serve in the Second Anglo-Burmese War also refused to move, but were merely sent to serve elsewhere.
The pay of the sepoy was relatively low and after Awadh and the Punjab were annexed, the soldiers no longer received extra pay (batta or bhatta) for service there, because they were no longer considered "foreign missions". Since the batta made the difference between service being munificent or harsh, troops repeatedly opposed inconsiderate unilateral changes in pay and batta ordered by the Military Audit department. In the past, the refusal to proceed on service until pay issues were resolved was considered a legitimate form of displaying grievance by Indian troops serving with Indian rulers and as such was considered a legitimate tactic by the sepoys also, being repeated every time such issues arose. The British considered such refusal at times as treachery of the highest order and crushed these refusals brutally, at other times the Company directly or indirectly conceded the legitimacy of the sepoy's demands, as when troops of the Bengal and Madras armies refused to serve in Sindh without batta after its conquest.[6]
The varying stances of the British government, the reduction of allowances and harsh punishments contributed to a feeling of the troops that the Company no longer cared for them. Certain actions of the government, such as increased recruitment of Sikhs and Gurkhas, peoples considered by the Bengal sepoys to be inferior in caste to them, increased the distrust of the sepoys who thought that this was a sign of their services not being needed any more. The transfer of the number 66th which was taken away from a regular Bengal sepoy battalion of the line disbanded over refusal to serve without batta, and given to a Gurkha battalion, was considered by the sepoys as a breach of faith by the Company.[6]
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, British officers were intimately involved with the troops, speaking Indian languages fluently, participating in the culture of the times even to the extent of having native spouses. Later, the attitudes of British officers changed with increased intolerance, lack of involvement and unconcern of the welfare of troops becoming manifest more and more. Sympathetic rulers, such as Lord William Bentinck were replaced by arrogant aristocrats, such as Lord Dalhousie, who despised the troops and the populace. As time passed, the powers of the commanding officers reduced and the government became more unfeeling or distant from the concerns of the sepoys.[6]
Finally, officers of an evangelical persuasion in the Company's Army (such as Herbert Edwardes and Colonel S.G. Wheler of the 34th Bengal Infantry) had taken to preaching to their Sepoys in the hope of converting them to Christianity.[9] The controversy over the new Enfield Rifle, in the eyes of many Sepoys, added substance to the alarming rumours circulating about their imminent forced conversion to Christianity.
In 1857, the Bengal Army contained 10 regiments of Indian cavalry and 74 of infantry. All the cavalry units and 45 of the infantry units rebelled at some point; and all but 5 of the infantry units which did not rebel (or were disarmed before they could do so) had to be disbanded. Once the first rebellions took place, it was clear to most British commanders that the grievances which led to them were felt throughout the Bengal army and no Indian unit could wholly be trusted, although many officers continued to vouch for their men's loyalty, even in the face of captured correspondence indicating their intention to rebel.[10] Whether a unit mutinied or not mainly depended on opportunity.
The Bengal Army also administered, sometimes loosely, 29 regiments of irregular horse and 42 of irregular infantry. Some of these units belonged to states allied to the British or recently absorbed into British-administered territory, and of these, two large contingents from the states of Awadh and Gwalior readily joined the growing rebellion. Other irregular units were raised in frontier areas from communities such as Assamese or Pakhtuns to maintain order locally. Few of these participated in the rebellion, and one contingent in particular (the recently raised Punjab Irregular Force) actively participated on the British side.[11]
The Bengal Army also contained three "European" regiments of infantry, and many artillery units manned by white personnel. Due to the need for technical specialists, the artillery units generally had a higher proportion of British personnel. Although the armies of many Rajas or states which rebelled contained large numbers of guns, the British superiority in artillery was to be decisive in a number of engagements.
There were also a number of units from the British Army (referred to in India as "Queen's troops") stationed in India, but in 1857 several of these had been withdrawn to take part in the Crimean War or the Anglo-Persian War of 1856. The moment at which the sepoys' grievances led them openly to defy British authority also happened to be the most favourable opportunity to do so.
The Enfield Rifle[edit]
The rebellion was, literally, started over a gun. Sepoys throughout India were issued with a new rifle, the Pattern 1853 Enfield rifled musket—a more powerful and accurate weapon than the old smoothbore Brown Bess they had been using for the previous decades. The rifling inside the musket barrel ensured accuracy at much greater distances than was possible with old muskets. One thing did not change in this new weapon — the loading process, which did not improve significantly until the introduction of breech loaders and metallic, one-piece cartridges a few decades later.
To load both the old musket and the new rifle, soldiers had to bite the cartridge open and pour the gunpowder it contained into the rifle's muzzle, then stuff the cartridge case, which was typically paper coated with some kind of grease to make it waterproof, into the musket as wadding, before loading it with a ball.
It was believed that the cartridges that were standard issue with this rifle were greased with lard (pork fat) which was regarded as unclean by Muslims. The sepoys' British officers dismissed these claims as rumours, and suggested that the sepoys make a batch of fresh cartridges, and grease these with beeswax or mutton fat. This reinforced the belief that the original issue cartridges were indeed greased with lard and tallow.
Another suggestion they put forward was to introduce a new drill, in which the cartridge was not bitten with the teeth but torn open with the hand. The sepoys rejected this, pointing out that they might very well forget and bite the cartridge, not surprising given the extensive drilling that allowed 19th century British troops to fire three to four rounds per minute. An integral part of the loading procedure involved biting off the bullet from the cartridge so that one hand could hold the musket steady while the other hand poured the charge of powder into the barrel. This meant that biting a musket cartridge was second nature to the Sepoys, some of whom had decades of service in the Company's army, and who had been doing musket drill for every day of their service.
The Commander in Chief in India, General George Anson reacted to this crisis by saying, "I'll never give in to their beastly prejudices", and despite the pleas of his junior officers he did not compromise.[citation needed]
Prophecies, omens, signs and rumours[edit]
There was rumour about an old prophecy that the Company's rule would end after a hundred years. Their rule in India had begun with the Battle of Plassey in 1757.
Before the rebellion, there were reports that "holy men" were mysteriously circulating chapatis and lotus flowers among the sepoys. Leader of the British Conservative Party and future prime minister Benjamin Disraeli argued these objects were signs to rebel and evidence of a conspiracy, and the press echoed this belief.[12][13] Along with the chapatis and flowers, the famous line "Sub lal hogea hai." (Everything has become red.) was said. These three were a symbol of the prophecy and a sign of the coming revolt.[citation needed]
There was also a rumour that the British were contaminating the sepoys flour with ground up pig and cow bones (despite the fact that it was produced by native contractors).
After the rebellion, there was rumour in Britain that Russia was responsible.[13]
- ^ Victorian Web 1857 Indian Rebellion
- ^ India Rising: Introduction website of the British National Army Museum
- ^ a b c d Dalrymple 2006, pp. 22–23
- ^ a b Dalrymple 2006, p. 153
- ^ Eric Stokes "The First Century of British Colonial Rule in India: Social Revolution or Social Stagnation?" Past and Present №.58 (Feb. 1973) pp136-160
- ^ a b c d e f g Mason, Philip (1974). A matter of honour. London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. ISBN 0-03-012911-7.
- ^ Seema Alavi The Sepoys and the Company (Delhi: Oxford University Press) 1998 p5
- ^ Michael Edwardes, "Battles of the Indian Mutiny", p. 3"
- ^ Christopher Hibbert The Great Mutiny (London: Allen Lane) 1978 pp51-4
- ^ Frederick Roberts, Forty-one years in India. Chapter VI
- ^ Figures on Bengal Army from Major A.H. Amin, orbat.com
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley (2009). A New History of India (8th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford UP. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-19-533756-3.
- ^ a b Pionke, Albert D. (2004). Plots of opportunity: representing conspiracy in Victorian England. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press. pp. 86–7. ISBN 0-8142-0948-3. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- Dalrymple, William (2006). The Last Mughal. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-310243-5.


text:
Definition of geomagnetic equator in English:
geomagnetic equator
Syllabification: ge·o·mag·net·ic e·qua·tornoun
- A notional circle on the earth's surface, the plane of which is equidistant between the north and south magnetic poles and perpendicular to the magnetic field.More example sentences
- This is important as the physical and geomagnetic equators are not aligned in most parts of the world.
- Between 20º north and 20º south of the geomagnetic equator the ionosphere bends forming a protuberance.
- The electron concentration is thus depleted on the geomagnetic equator and enhanced in two regions, which locate approximately north and south 15° of the geomagnetic equator.


text:
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I love the way this tells the story from two diffrent points of view. You are very talented!
How does the title connect with the context? I hope you don't take any of my questions wrongly.
Do you have any siblings? Mine are NOTHING like your Nauriel and Legolas.
Author's Response: I have way too many siblings for my own good. One brother and five sisters. None of us really hate each other, we're just sort of indifferent unless someone tries to kill one us. Then we're united.
I don't know... I'll write you back, but this is a a really good 1st person with Legolas so far. Keep writing!
wow it sounds like a angst story i like it! and if it isn't then oh well i still like it! XD keep on posting!