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Flog a Pro: 50 Shades of Grey by E L James
Ray Rhamey on Apr 18 2013 | Filed under: CRAFT, Flog a Pro
Trained by reading hundreds of submissions, editors and literary agents often make their read/not-read decision on the first page. A customarily formatted book manuscript with chapters starting about 1/3 of the way down the page (double-spaced, 1-inch margins, 12-point type) has 16 or 17 lines on the first page.
The challenge: does this narrative compel you to turn the page?
Storytelling Checklist
Evaluate this opening page for how well it executes the following 6 vital storytelling elements. While it's not a requirement that all of them must be on the first page, I think writers have the best chance of hooking a reader if they are. The one vital ingredient not listed is professional-caliber writing, a given for every page.
- Story questions
- Tension (in the reader, not just the characters)
- Voice
- Clarity
- Scene-setting
- Character
Let's Flog 50 Shades of Grey by E L James
Following is what would be the first manuscript page (17 lines) of 50 Shades of Grey, a global bestseller.
I scowl with frustration at myself in the mirror. Damn my hair—it just won't behave, and damn Katherine Kavanagh for being ill and subjecting me to this ordeal. I should be studying for my final exams, which are next week, yet here I am trying to brush my hair into submission. I must not sleep with it wet. I must not sleep with it wet. Reciting this mantra several times, I attempt, once more, to bring it under control with the brush. I roll my eyes in exasperation and gaze at the pale, brown-haired girl with blue eyes too big for her face staring back at me, and give up. My only option is to restrain my wayward hair in a ponytail and hope that I look semi-presentable.
Kate is my roommate, and she has chosen today of all days to succumb to the flu. Therefore, she cannot attend the interview she'd arranged to do, with some mega-industrialist tycoon I've never hear of, for the student newspaper. So I have volunteered. I have final exams to cram for and one essay to finish, and I'm supposed to be working this afternoon, but no—today I have to drive 165 miles to downtown Seattle in order to meet the enigmatic CEO of Grey Enterprises Holdings, Inc. As an exceptional entrepreneur and major benefactor of our university, his time is extraordinarily precious—much more precious than mine—but he has granted Kate an interview. A real coup, she tells me. Damn her extracurricular activities.
Kate is huddled on the couch in the living room.
Would you turn this pro's first page?
My vote and editorial notes after the fold.
My vote: Nope
Somehow, a story opening with conflict/tension centering around a bad hair day just wasn't compelling for me, and I don't think it really satisfies the first two—and most vital—components on my story checklist: story questions and tension. I found the character to be unlikeably self-centered. The voice is clear and writing is okay—except for the amateurish approach to describing the character. A mirror? Really?
I understand that readers haven't judged this series by its first page—according to Wikipedia, "It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism." Oh, I see.
I read the chapter and found it to be, for my taste, overwritten. Nor did it give any real hint of what the blurb promises. Here's the blurb:
When literature student Anastasia Steele goes to interview young entrepreneur Christian Grey, she encounters a man who is beautiful, brilliant, and intimidating. The unworldly, innocent Ana is startled to realize she wants this man and, despite his enigmatic reserve, finds she is desperate to get close to him. Unable to resist Ana's quiet beauty, wit, and independent spirit, Grey admits he wants her, too—but on his own terms.
Shocked yet thrilled by Grey's singular erotic tastes, Ana hesitates. For all the trappings of success—his multinational businesses, his vast wealth, his loving family—Grey is a man tormented by demons and consumed by the need to control. When the couple embarks on a daring, passionately physical affair, Ana discovers Christian Grey's secrets and explores her own dark desires.
I scowl with frustration at myself in the mirror. Damn my hair—it just won't behave, and damn Katherine Kavanagh for being ill and subjecting me to this ordeal. I should be studying for my final exams, which are next week, yet here I am trying to brush my hair into submission. I must not sleep with it wet. I must not sleep with it wet.
Reciting this mantra several times,I attempt, once more, to bring it under control with the brush. I roll my eyes in exasperation and gaze at the pale, brown-haired girl with blue eyes too big for her face staring back at me, and give up. My only option is to restrain my wayward hair in a ponytail and hope that I look semi-presentable. A mirror? Really? To me, this approach to describing the character is amateurish. The thing is, the first page foreshadows the nature of the writing that follows. I am already feeling as if I'm not going to be happy with this level of quality. For example, due to the nature of antecedents for pronouns, she is attempting to bring her mantra under control with a hair brush. And telling us that she's reciting the mantra several times after we've seen her repeat it was, well, telling us something we'd already been shown.
Kate is my roommate, and she has chosen today of all days to succumb to the flu. Therefore, she cannot attend the interview she'd arranged to do
,with some mega-industrialist tycoon I've never hear of,for the student newspaper. So I have volunteered. I have final exams to cram for and one essay to finish, and I'm supposed to be working this afternoon, but no—today I have to drive 165 miles to downtown Seattle in order to meet the enigmatic CEO of Grey Enterprises Holdings, Inc. As an exceptional entrepreneur and major benefactor of our university, his time is extraordinarily precious—much more precious than mine—but he has granted Kate an interview. A real coup, she tells me. Damn her extracurricular activities. Aw, poor her. For me, a cup of self-pity didn't turn out to be a good hook.Kate is huddled on the couch in the living room.
Let's see, what story questions have been raised? Perhaps what will the traffic be like on I5 driving to Seattle? How will the interview that isn't important to her life go? Do we see any possible jeopardy or even discomfort for this person? What's at stake in her life? Having to work a little harder?
Okay, maybe I got a little snarky there, but I felt that this was self-indulgent writing that hinted not at all at a story in the offing. I figure it was the sexual content and, perhaps, the story promised in the blurb that propelled this book to success. For me, it certainly wasn't the first page—nor even the first chapter. I don't think my gender that is the problem, either—I have enjoyed romance novels a great deal.
I'm not alone. Just for fun, I looked at the reviews on Amazon.com, and here are quotes from the first two:
"Then there's the writing. If you take out the parts where the female character is blushing or chewing her lips, the book will be down to about 50 pages."
"This has to be the most appallingly atrocious writing I've ever seen in a major release."
On the other hand, a review from The Columbus Dispatch said:
"Despite the clunky prose, James does cause one to turn the page."
That's what it's all about, isn't it? As we saw with Dan Brown's The DaVinci Code, storytelling can trump second-rate writing.
And, as they say, sex sells—in this case, over 65,000,000 copies worldwide.
What are your thoughts?
Suggest novels for the Flog the Pro feature in Comments. If it's used, it could be fun to see what the WU audience thinks.
If you'd like to help beginning novelists with your constructive criticism, join me on Wednesdays and Fridays for floggings at my site, Flogging the Quill.
About Ray Rhamey
Ray Rhamey is the author of five novels and one craft book, Flogging the Quill, Crafting a Novel that Sells. He's also an editor who has recently expanded his creative services to include book cover and interior design. His website, crrreative.com, offers an a la carte menu of creative services for self-publishers and Indie authors. Learn more about Ray's fiction at rayrhamey.com.
40 Responses to "Flog a Pro: 50 Shades of Grey by E L James"
Sixty five MILLION copies sold?!? Makes me wonder why they don't re-release 'Deep Throat'. Bah! Humbug!
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Haven't read it, wouldn't turn the page. Set aside the writing (seriously, looking in a mirror?) and I have a visceral reaction (because this book seems to be all about immediate visceral reactions) against the immature and self-indulgent main character.
Natalieahart´s last blog post ..Jesus the ToddlerLike? 2
"with blue eyes too big for her face"
Aw, poor baby has big blue eyes…. that has me giggling into my coffee
Cris Gasser´s last blog post ..I'm an introvert who plays an extrovert in real life…Like? 0
I would have given it a little more leniency. I saw the first paragraph as an amateurish way of giving a description of the FMC. I also tend to read 3 pages before I decide whether I'll continue.
But I agree with this — no sign of an interesting conflict. How far into the book before we meet the MMC?
Like? 0
My problem with this section was it seemed implausible from the start. I don't think a college student would drive 165 miles to do an interview. If you read the book, the silly interview lasted like 10 minutes, and in reality, more than likely since his time was so precious, would have been a phone or skype interview. From that moment forward the book was full of 'yeah right' moments. I can get past mediocre writing if the characters are ones I can root for, but these people were stupid.
Like? 0
I attended a writers' retreat and an editor took a first page to read. I got positive comments, but not a face to face meeting. Interesting how much those first paragraphs can make or break a book. I wonder how To Kill a Mockingbird would fair.
Like? 0
Ditto all of the above comments: the mirror and the hair. Ugh. It did not take long to figure out that I absolutely did not want to get to know this character better – her bad attitude does not make for a good hint at the sort of story that lies ahead.
And the mirror… it's amazing how many novels open with this sort of description! I had to cut it out of my own novel – I didn't even realize I'd done it until someone pointed it out!
Jillian Boston´s last blog post ..A Quicksilver MonthLike? 2
Yeah… No way, Jose!! I actually wanted to see what all the fuss was about so I read the first page on Amazon's sneak-peak and thought the same thing. Lame.
These were the story questions I got: She's mad at her friend for getting the *flu*!? Does she know how horrible that is? Also, if it was *such* an inconvenience for the main character (she's missing work!), why didn't her roommate get someone else to do the interview… you know, someone actually involved with the student newspaper? What does this dude even have to do with the school that he's giving an interview to the school newspaper? Why the heck does she care so much about her hair?! She's a reporter, not trying to get a job! And this girl needs a serious wake-up reality call because she is one of the most selfish people I've ever read. Ugh!
Sarah E. A. Fusaro´s last blog post ..Writing What You Want to Read: RomanceLike? 1
As you say above, the first chapter doesn't give a hint to what the blurb promises. (After reading the blurb, it doesn't even sound as if it was written by the same person.) Would this be a good example of a novel that needs a prologue, especially since the narrator has not an inkling about what she's stepping into?
Eva Lesko Natiello´s last blog post ..Advice Martha Stewart Gave Me On Living and LemonsLike? 0
I would disagree that the first page doesn't deliver on the premise, if not the promise, of the blurb. It's setting up an accidental meeting between the reluctant heroine and a billionaire. What more should it be doing?
I think sometimes it's so easy to slag books like this one that we lose sight of what people want from them. For what it's worth, I made it through reading about the first actual meeting before giving up on the book as "not for me". I generally don't have much patience for romance novels (or rom-com movies etc) unless the characters act smarter than your average bear, so that's pretty much par for the course for me.
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Sorry Eva – did not mean to single you out in my reply. Just wanted to reply to the post in general, and must have hit the wrong button. That's what I get for replying on an iphone!
Christian Frey´s last blog post ..We Apologize of the InconvenientsLike? 0
Thanks, Ray, for doing this. I actually listened to this as an audio book. I have to say that, despite all its problems, I did want to "turn the page" because I'm rather ignorant about this type of lifestyle and about this type of writing. But that's as far as my curiosity goes. I didn't like the constant repetition of "Oh, my" (trite) and felt the character was stupid, perhaps even unrealistic. Finally, I think psychologists will probably tell you that people with these types of tastes, I'm talking about the male character, cannot be "cured" as I suspect the author attempts to do in the sequels. (It's a bit like attempting to "cure" a pedophile.) I wasn't enticed by the first volume to continue with the rest.
On the other hand, I'm thrilled for the author that she is now a multi-millionaire and has opened modern writing to this genre as an over-the-counter read. It can be scarey to take on a project like this, and I compliment her on her bravery. I think she has helped us take a big step forward in what we're willing to write about (and read about), and I look forward to well-written books on a variety of topics that were hitherto taboo.
Like? 3
I agree with comments above. This type of story and writing style just don't appeal to me. For me, the female character has qualities that make the palm of my hand itch. I want to slap her and say, "Get over yourself, already." In my opinion, she would be far more sympathetic if she weren't so self involved.
As to the first page problems, Sevgne put a finger on the craft issues and presented a very workable solution that would help meet first page criteria. As I imagine how the page would read with the suggested changes, I already feel more like turning the page.
Rhonda also made a great point. It's hard to argue with success. James was willing to push boundaries and it paid off handsomely. Obviously, a segment of the female population was hungry for this type of story. I guess it all comes back to the point that we must write what works for us as authors and hope that we find an audience.
Like? 0
Sixty-five million copies indicate readers found the woman in the mirror relatable. The character was present on the page. You even assigned an adjective to describe her. But Ms. Steele wasn't self indulgent. She was young, inexperienced and incredibly insecure. What other type of woman would get tangled in Grey's ways? I doubt we'd find the same story plausible if Ms. Steele were instead a biblical archeologist on a dig in Egypt.
I find nothing wrong with the mirror scene. Maybe it's not the most creative choice, but it's a choice showing the reader how Ms. Steele views herself.
With mainstream readers, story is king. Period. The average reader, who isn't a writer, just wants a book to enjoy. And Fifty Shades of Grey met that demand. Let's face it. We can hate it, but in the end — folks dolled out their hard earned cash for E.L. James' book.
And she wins.
Good for her.
P.S. I never finished the book.
Like? 1
Hmm….. The problem with this little flog is that it starts out to make one point, then proves how erroneous the point is.
"Trained by reading hundreds of submissions, editors and literary agents often make their read/not-read decision on the first page." But obviously, not with this book. Apparently, some editor or agent made it through enough of the book to get to the juicy sex parts. And so did 65MM other people.
Don't get me wrong. I'm not shilling for the author. Haven't read it and have no interest in doing so. But this book stands for the proposition that you can have a boring and poorly-written first page and still get published/make tubs of money.
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After reading the blurb, I do love the title. The first page didn't give me any reason to read on though.
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p.s. I also vote for To Kill a Mockingbird
Like? 1
I find it interesting that cliche (which I try to avoid) bothers us writers much more than it bothers a lot of readers. Sometimes I've been called on a cliche that I had no idea was cliche, but I revise anyway. Mirrors, same thing. But obviously the readers of this book didn't care it was a mirror in the opening scene, and that the writer used it for the character to describe what she looks like. Just this week, an agent complained about "portals." Okay, you don't like portals, I get it. But do readers, especially of fantasy, still like portals. I wrote a novel with a character in the woods and built the tension, as I was told was important. Then an agent on a panel excoriated a manuscript in an open critique because the character was in a forest. No matter what gets said her, E.L. James will happily continue to collect money from writing that we might not like, but we have to acknowledge that we often care about, and even obsess about, things that readers don't care at all about.
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I do hate grammatical errors, though, and regret that my post is full of 'em. Must. Type. Slower.
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I don't even have fifty words for this. Just one: awful.
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Personally I never jumped on the 50 Shades of Grey bandwagon. Reading the first 17 lines does not make me regret this decision at all. Many of my friends and family told me that it was badly written, even after I told them I wasn't interested in the subject matter. Several of them even compared the writing style to that of Stephenie Meyer.
Reading your post certainly has me reconsidering the opening for the book I am working on. I have to admit that getting started is always the hardest part for me. I usually need to go back and rewrite the beginning a few times before I am satisfied with it. I know that I will not stick with a book if does not catch my attention right off.
Tracy´s last blog post ..Tense About TenseLike? 0
I made my way through all 3 books – the first is the best of the lot. I read a lot of erotica, and I wasn't a fan of FSOG, but I do applaud the author for her success.
On the first page, I just hate Ana. The hair thing I can understand. A last moment interview and her hair is a wreck but she doesn't have time to fix it. Immediate sympathy there.
It's the total lack of empathy she shows toward her roommate that turns me off. The poor woman has the flu, and all Ana can do is complain about how put upon she is for having to "help" her friend. If it had been written where Ana was eagerly helping her roommate, in spite of crippling shyness, or a terrible fear of driving long distances, she would have kept my sympathy.
Debra Dunbar´s last blog post ..Elven Blood ExcerptLike? 1
Didn't/wouldn't read it BUT…
The target demographic for this book is not college girls – they're in the middle of it, and aren't that introspective/don't have time for this kind of reading.
The demographic is young women +-30, possibly married, possibly with a small child or two, who look back with huge nostalgia on their college days of 'freedom' but are far enough away from those days to have forgotten most of the really bad pain parts.
And they have money. And they wonder what happened to their lives and the promise they showed.
They bought it in droves. (Plus others, but those were what I call 'accidentals': readers who get pulled in by the hype and are new enough to get caught.)
If she didn't target those young women, she should have. My guess is that she knew what she was doing – and her target demographic would not consist of writers tired of cliches. My hat is off to her for finding – and filling – a niche.
ABE´s last blog post ..Added PRIDE'S CHILDREN – Chapter 3, Scene 1Like? 0
There you go, there's hope for everyone. You don't need to write well, you just need readers. Lots and lots of readers.
No, I wouldn't read past the first couple of lines, let alone the first page.
However, EL James published 50 Shades as fan fiction, and got a mile of readers. So, she had a massive focus group, and her writing worked for them. Much better than offering her work to sniffy acquisitions editors or agents.:-)
I can see that it does appeal to some women: instant identification. Who hasn't had a bad hair day?
She's spawned an entirely new genre too — "Young Adult" fiction, for the ingenue in all women…
You can't argue with 65 million books sold. It works.
Angela Booth´s last blog post ..Ebook Returns: Odd Happenings In Amazon LandLike? 1
I have not read it, but I want to make a general comment. I think storytelling DOES trump both very bad, and very good, and certainly mediocre, as in this case, writing. A great story is the most important thing – and that depends on conflict, structure, character and so many things. Good competent writing that's evocative is important too. But this book was not a success because of good storytelling, either. It was the 'erotic' elements, the fanfiction following, and the hype, clearly. Many people who bought the book out of curiosity did not finish it and have nothing good to say about it. It astonishes me that so many people flock to erotic fiction this way, purely for the cheap thrills. Don't they see how much MORE pleasure they can get out of reading a really great story?
Mary Ann Clarke Scott´s last blog post ..Elevens Tag: Random Facts About MeLike? 0
At least her work has spawned a huge parody industry full of fun books by talented authors. I haven't read the original (tried the first chapter online and just couldn't get into it), but my "Fifty Shades of Chicken" cookbook makes me laugh and laugh, and gives me a pretty good idea of what I'm *not* missing.
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It didn't grab me, so "no," I wouldn't continue. It's not quite as bad as I imagined, but it's not very captivating either. My question is: Why do publishers promote mediocre writing while letting great writers with great stories slip through the cracks?
Dan Erickson´s last blog post ..the beauty of short and simpleLike? 1
Creativity doesn't fit into a nice tidy box, with a handy checklist label affixed to the outside, full of "thou shalt" phrases. It's born out of desire to see the world differently than others. We're in the business of originally. Breaking rules. Questioning the status quo. Taking something that's accepted and turning it on its head. Let's all remember that before we tell an author who sold 65 million book copies what we would have done differently.
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Agreed, Tom. There's an implication in your comment, however, that I advocate rules, boxes, and some kind of conformity. Far from it. My mantra in fiction is that there are no rules. If something works to engage a reader and tell a story, that's fine with me. This is simply a judgement of the interest level the first page of a manuscript creates. For writers who are trying to break in, that first page is often what opens the door or slams it shut. As you can see from comments, that's subjective, as always, but there seems to be a consensus. Just wanted to make that clear.
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Have been trying to leave a comment since yesterday, this is a test message to see if a different comment (ahem) will find it's way!
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Well, Don, this one made it.
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I listened to the audiobook, would never have gotten through reading more than a few pages other wise. And yes I managed to get through the whole thing. The main reason I listened to it is because so many were commenting on it. Saying how bad it was. How horribly written and the at it is a fanfic of Twilight, which I've read. Hated the last book.
The writing isn't great. The characters are somewhat stereotypical, stupid niave girl meets handsome rich guy and they have sex. Doesn't matter that he's off the beaten (snicker) path. But for what it is, MOMMY PORN, it has sold a lot of copies.
I listened also because a friend of mine really liked it. A lot. And then the nieghbor lady read it and was all hot over it. So I was curious. Not my kind of read. The hair thing didn't bother me as much as the repeated "long fingers" I wanted to hurl after about the third mention.
I did not listen to book 2 or 3, though I was told by several that those had more plot.
For what its worth, I think there was at least two places that almost word for word came from Twilight.
But, sex sells and this has sex with a handsome man who is "in control" leaving the helpless female to be dominated.Like? 0
I read all three in the series. The first, to see for myself what all the hoopla was about. The second and third because of the story. I wanted to know how it ended. Sex scenes were titilating and/or tedious. Writing was. . .
The author got better. Still, just a page or two into that first book, I was rolling MY eyes, and I don't do that. :-) I felt I was reading an amateur writer's stuff, and I remember thinking, Seriously? And half-way through that first book I almost quit because of all that eye-rolling, lash-looking, lip-biting stuff.
But that's beside the point. Question is, Page One, would I turn the page? I had ten reasons not to.
But I did.
Like? 0
I can see how this first page might work for her target audience– self-indulgent, female "new adults" or new adult wannabees (meaning women closer to middle age who are perhaps rather bored with their suburban soccer mom personas and seek escape in the latest sexual fad/fantasy (BDSM, I presume–based on what I've heard about this literary phenomenon, not in the best sense of the word phenomenon, either.
I won't read this, especially after my wife echoed the "amateurish writing" complaint of so many and giving up on the book less than halfway through it.
But I don't think this first page is any better than any first pages I've seen on this blog, and worse than more than a few I've read here.
Chris Norbury´s last blog post ..UWWI Thoughts and Impressions 2013Like? 0


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i hope bethesda would make this game good in pc.cause we all know what id did with their pc version of rage most of the developers make their game good in consoles and they care less about pc.and most of them they dont release their best games in pc like rockstar they didnt release red dead redemption in pc.and sry for the bad english
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Lol, I like how for this "all of the little things is what [they] obsessed about" where as in oblivion the little things were no where on the radar. Volume was the only focus.
only 10 days to go and 10 days never seemed so long than the wait for Skyrim... can't really wait to play it
I love the Elder Scrolls games, but I can't even BEGIN to imagine how much work it must have been. A hearty thank you for making such a wonderful series and for working (most likely) ridiculous hours to make it happen. Now go have some fun!
Those guys in the room and dining area look nerdy - that means the game is gonna be good

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Hi I am trying to set up outdoor wood boiler to heat my garage with water to air heat exchanger in plenum of old General Electric forced air furnace. Problem is thermostat only has 2 wires and only two to furnace (no control board) don't want or need gas portion to work. Just want thermostat to kick fan on when temp is low and off when warm. This furnace only will kick fan on with gas when it is warm and fan goes off when gas valve closes and unit cools. So do I need to somehow bypass internal furnace thermal switches? And if so how?
There isn't enough information to even begin to answer the question. A model number on the furnace would be the minimum starting point, which may (or may not) yield a web-searchable manual or schematic of it's controls.


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The study area is shown in blue on the map marked Exhibit A.


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Manchester Police found a 19-year-old stabbing victim Saturday, August 18, 2012 around 4:00 at the Rock Rimmon Park. Police say the victim and his 21-year-old companion were exiting the woods, and the victim had a serious laceration on his back and at the base of his neck.
The men reported that before entering the woods two unknown men approached them from behind. One man is described as a black male with short hair, wearing jean shorts, a blue t-shirt. The second man was a white male with short blond hair and wearing a black jeans and no shirt. The victim said he felt a blow to the back of his neck and realized he was bleeding, he believes he was stuck with a machete.
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Manchester Police Seek Information
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Israel's social challenges are as big a threat as its security ones, says Jewish leader
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Prof. Dan Ben-David of the Taub Center points to the populations' low productivity level as a very serious issue.
General Assembly Israel 2013
Photo: Courtesy Jerusalem Press Club Twitter
Israel's current social challenges are as big a threat to its long-term viability as a nation as any of the security threats that it currently deals with, said Galit Sagie, the director of Planning and Development at the JDC-Israel. Her comments came during a session Monday on the rich/poor divide in the country, at the Jewish Federations of North America's 2013 General Assembly in Jerusalem.
"If you turn on the news in Israel, the main topic that everybody is talking about right now is Iran, and if it wasn't Iran, then it's Syria, and if it's not Syria, then it's the Hezbollah and the Palestinian situation," she added. "In no way am I belittling the security issues that Israel is facing today, but I want to say that that's not what keeps me up at night."
Prof. Dan Ben-David of the Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel, who also spoke at the session, presented data extracted from the center's forthcoming State of the Nation Report 2013, which was released last month.
One of the most important problems the Israeli economy displays, according to Ben- David, is the populations' low productivity level, meaning the amount that a person produces on average in an hour of work.
While Israel is increasingly lagging behind in productivity for the past 40 years compared to other developed countries, he pointed out that it does have the necessary conditions not to.
"We're at least as innovative as the G7 countries, we have universities at least as good as these countries, our medical center is at least as good if not better and our living standard should be way above if not the same," he said.
The reason for the problem, he explained comes from the fact that "there are two countries in one in Israel."
"One country is a start up nation. It's fantastic, it's cutting edge," he told the audience.
"But there is another country within Israel and that other country is not receiving either the tools or the conditions to work in a modern economy.
"That other part of Israel is huge but not only is it huge, its share in the total is getting bigger," he said. "And if our productivity is such that we cannot be producing a Western levels, we're not going to be competing on Western salaries either."
Ben-David stressed the importance of education to remedy to the issue and said that one of the important things requiring improvement is haredi education, which he said is "among the worst in the world when it comes to the core needs of a modern economy."
"Whether we like it or not, the less educated you are, the less chances you are going to have of finding a job, not just in Israel, in every Western country," he added.
In showing other figures from his research, Ben-David also revealed that Israel's tax and welfare systems are ineffective in reducing poverty in the country and that Israel is the country experiencing the greatest academic brain drain to the United States.
As far as solutions for the poverty issue, he expressed his belief that it requires a shift in national priorities focusing on elements such as increasing incentives to work and to employ and providing tools and conditions to do so, such as second chance programs for completing high school and college, vocational training coordinated with needs of the private sector and job placement.
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Got told the other day how much my car tax is as I've not yet purchased it for my currant car A6 1.8 T 20v Quattro £445 a year WTF!!!! is this a wind up or what !!!!!!!!!!!!!!??????????????
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Got told the other day how much my car tax is as I've not yet purchased it for my currant car A6 1.8 T 20v Quattro £445 a year WTF!!!! is this a wind up or what !!!!!!!!!!!!!!??????????????
Nope. seems about right.
Makes you want to go out and get a big V8 or something.
Well, me any way. :)
Agreed!!!!! I mean why not I may aswell
Ouch; that's gotta hurt! That seems disproportionately high for the engine size.
Prob due to it being a Quattro
odd little things puts the tax up as well.
Like heated seats.
I thought road tax was for the roads and not a tax on pollution.
If that's the case, the amount of crap that comes out of the exhaust should not matter.
Stupid robbing *******s government.
Don't panic... its not 445 a year...
The cost of vehicle tax for cars, motorcycles, light goods vehicles and trade licences : Directgov - Motoring
A Up to 100 £0.00 Not available B 101-110 £20.00 Not available C 111-120 £30.00 Not available D 121-130 £95.00 £52.25 E 131-140 £115.00 £63.25 F 141-150 £130.00 £71.50 G 151-165 £165.00 £90.75 H 166-175 £190.00 £104.50 I 176-185 £210.00 £115.50 J 186-200 £245.00 £134.75 K* 201-225 £260.00 £143.00 L 226-255 £445.00 £244.75 M Over 255 £460.00 £253.00
..and I quote...
So, as yours is a 52 plate then its band K like my S3... :)Quote:
Band K includes cars that have a CO2 figure over 225g/km but were registered before 23 March 2006
Just pointed out the first year road (showroom) tax of a car at work to a new colleague whos never worked at jaguar before...
Jaguar XFR, XK RS2, and XJ Supersport. All 5.0 S/C engines...
Band M ---Over 255 g/km --- £1,000.00
AFAIK in 2012, the tax relief for cars built before March 2006 dissapears and they fall into the relevant categories.
That was the case for my 05 plate A3 3.2 that I've just sold
Humm... just found this...
...from here...Quote:
The November 2008 pre-budget statement included the statement that cars emitting over 225g/km and first registered between 1 March 2001 and 23 March 2006 will go into band 'K', at least until 2010/11. Under an earlier proposal (March 2008 Budget) these cars would have moved into band 'L' or 'M' depending on official CO2 emissions.
Road tax rates | AA
Thats disappointing... however considering the state of the country at the moment one can only hope they defer this indefinitely as its a joke tbh....
so it is £445 then :(
That is a lot for car tax.
That's sneaky - retro-fitting an old car into a different banding. That's going to catch a lot of people out.
Keeping my fingers crossed that they don't mess around with the pre-March 2001 stuff as my S3 is Jan 01 so is purely engine size based (below or above 1.5 litres).
Hope you get sorted for the cheaper tax band bigblokey0, as I pay £460 per year for my 4.2 V8.....not saying that makes it right! lol
That's a bit cheeky changing that pre '06 status, I've always though that tax should be on mileage, I pay x amount for about 6k miles a year but someone can pay the same and do 20k, they could stick this on the fuel but they probably already do!
When I go and pick up the new S3 on Monday the first year car tax is £425 with the new 'double tax' (showroom + car tax) they have inflicted on the masses for having the bare faced cheek and audacity to take some benefit from their hard work and buy themselves a fresh motor.
If only I was a Board Level Executive I could afford an accountant to defer tax liabilities, offshore earnings, award myself a 50% YoY pay rise and then buy the S3 outright with the blunt edged small change I'd disregarded in the pot which is left on the side in the hall to stone anyone who dared to come to my front door pleading charity.
Instead I've had to sell my nephew on e-bay for medical research purposes, traded a kidney and pimped my wife for tricks just to afford the first year showroom / car tax. The joy of being a member of the great unwashed. Side effect of being a tiny cog in an inordinately massive, corruptable and deeply flawed economic machine!
Its a fookin joke as its only a 1.8 aaarrrrgggghhhhh
I remember a member saying we should all go and buy soot chuckers and run them on vegetable oil
With engines like the new 3.0TDi in the A6 (which does 0-60 in about 5.x seconds) it's all too tempting.
If only I could have that engine in something the size of an A3.
I was really lucky..the garage had taxed my S3 and run up 400 miles on it. The garage being what they are (Audi) then cashed the disc in to sell the car so i bought it and had to pay just £245 to tax it :-) as it was not new any more....
As of Monday i am unemployed...I have packed in my job after 35 years because i am sick of paying tax in stupid amounts while others dont bother. God knows what i am going to do but it will no longer involve paying PAYE tax. If i can earn 10k a year i will not pay hardly any tax...if i can earn another 10k on my investments i dont pay tax on that either...and anything else i earn on top of that will be at 18% as un earned income so sod paying 40% anymore :-) I might be poor but i will be a lot happier :-)
Turning point for me was hearing of a guy who had a new hot water tank fitted 6 months ago....£600 cash or £750 through the guys books...He took round his cash and found the plumber lives in a better house than he does so what the hell am i doing paying 40% .......lol
Interesting choice Paddy, and can fully understand the course you've chosen to take. Funny you should mention plumbers; we had two guys round this week fitting a new unvented cylinder and he saw our S3 and said, 'Oh I've just taken delivery of a new Focus RS'. My immediate thought was 'nice one mate', but then on reflection he was so young, so insurance would be astronomical and the costs would be similar and I'm sat there scratching my head thinking 'Hang on a minute, I've just put £1200 cash into this blokes hand and he's driving an RS at an age where I was driving a chicken shed.
Today both the wife and I pay the higher tax bracket via PAYE, and it does make you wonder how different life might be if you took another route. I'm seriously tempted by taking the self employed route in the next couple of years and making our empire more tax efficient.
Interestingly I have just dug out my V5 and says the CO2 (g/km) on my AMK S3 8L is 223g/km which puts me in band K anyway... gotta be happy(ier) with that...
One of my client's F458s is £1000, but the car cost £258k tbf :laugh:
I was lucky (if you can call it lucky) to get updated 8L A3 sport but on an X plate so I pay £215 per yr.
Well ive gone and bought an 07 plate 2.0 T fsi so that should get around the problem lol
I just had a saxo vts 16v - £143 for 6 mths..........
( alround bad move....... Lol ) :asskicking:
£455 a year! Ouch!
£260 for me... Not bad for a V8
It's £215, any cars basically registered before the '51' plate style e.g. 'Y' reg or older is taxed on engine capacity. Under 1549cc is £130, over 1550cc is £215.
After '51' plate cars is based on engine emissions, but there is concessions for cars between '51'- '05' plates that have emissions in the L(226-255g/km) & M(255+g/km) Tax bands, since the change in tax bands wasn't introduced during this period where the cars was purchased.
Hope that is clear.
In my opinion:
Surely if its 'road tax', this should be based on the amount of miles you cover per year.
Sure there can be a LOW base 'road tax' based on CEO/weight of vehicle etc that everyone pays annually, but then at the annual MOT when the cars milage is recorded, an extra charge can be added to the 'road tax'.
This in my view balances it out for everyone, as an average person doing say 10,000 miles per year is doing far less damage to the roads that someone doing 30,000 miles per year.
Just a thought.........
We already have that system though. It is the tax we pay on out fuel that is the big one.
Just consider yourself lucky we live where we live. In Holland they pay by the weight of the car, every 3 months. A friend of mine has an A4 Avant, and pays something like 400 euro every 3 months.
Even the highest tax band motor in the UK only pays something like £1.26 per day to use all the roads in the country. Thats less than 1 litre of fuel. Suck it up people. If you don't want to pay so much, buy a less polluting car.
As an example from a Dutch driver:
to compare..
for my b5 s4 ( prefacelift saloon, 1485kg ) i'm paying 828euros a year
that is do-able.
but ( don't fall of your chair ) for my 16 year old daily b5 tdi 110ps saloon i pay 1152euros :S almost more that the car is worth..
even worse was my 2001 a6 avant quattro 2.5 tdi with manual box: 1836euros a year !!
you can imagine why i kicked that one out no mather how good it did drive..
also seeing fuel prices as high as 1.80euros + for 98 octane and 1.45euro a litre for diesel :S
were being robbed here by our own goverment....


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EVANSVILLE — An Evansville man told police he suffered a broken nose and other injuries when he was beat up by a group of men while he was taking out his trash early Wednesday morning, according to an Evansville Police Department report.
Police said they were called to the St. Mary's Medical Center emergency room about 7 a..m. Wednesday to speak with 23-year-old Sean Pfister. He told officers that the attack happened about 4:30 a.m. while he was taking his trash out to the alley for pick up behind his home in the 1300 block of South Bedford Avenue.
When officers arrived at the hospital, they observed Pfister had a large bruise on his right eye, which was swollen shut, and a cut above it, according to the police report. A nurse told the officers that Pfister also had a fractured nose and that blood had entered a space behind his eye, causing him pressure and pain.
Pfister was able to speak to police. He told them that as he took out his trash he could hear several male voices but couldn't see the men. He said a group of about three to five people, who could only describe as black males, came out of the shadows and asked him for some money, according to the police report.
He said he remembered one of the men told him, "Hey bub, gimme a dub," according to police.
Pfister's brother told officers that he was getting ready for work when he realized that his brother had been gone about 20 minutes, which was longer than usual, the report said. He told police that he went outside, looked around a privacy fence and saw Pfister on the ground and semi-conscious.
He said a neighbor told him that he had walked outside and saw several black males leaving the area, according to the report.
The report was given to detectives for continued investigation. No arrests have been made.


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Volt and the Tulsa Shock entertained the folks down in Okmulgee Tuesday night.
Coach Teresa Edwards and the ladies held a practice at the Claude Cox Omniplex Pavilion.
The Shock ended their workout with a half court shooting contest. Jennifer lacy was the first to make it.
The Shock try to snap their 17-game losing streak this Sunday at the BOK Center against Los Angeles at 6:00pm.
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Nike Manchester United FC Mens 2013/14 Short Sleeved Away Shirt
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With twenty league titles under their belt, Manchester United is the most successful club in English football, and now you can show your support with this short sleeve away shirt.
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Take this shirt to football training and reap the rewards of the layered mesh fabric, or wear it to get behind the boys at Old Trafford.
Useful info:
- Manchester United FC mens away shirt by Nike
- Short sleeve
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Were the Good Old Days That Good? Changes in Managerial Stock Ownership Since the Great Depression
Venue: | FORTHCOMING IN THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE. |
Citations: | 45 - 2 self |
author = {Clifford G. Holderness and Randall S. Kroszner and Dennis P. Sheehan},
title = { Were the Good Old Days That Good? Changes in Managerial Stock Ownership Since the Great Depression},
year = {}
We document that ownership by officers and directors of publicly-traded firms is on average higher today than earlier in the century. Managerial ownership rises from 13 percent for the universe of exchange-listed corporations in 1935, the earliest year for which such data exist, to 21 percent in 1995. We examine in detail the robustness of the increase and explore hypotheses to explain it. Higher managerial ownership has not substituted for alternative corporate governance mechanisms. Lower volatility and greater hedging opportunities associated with the development of financial markets appear to be important factors explaining the


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Experience America: American Baseball and Other Sports
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Lao Cai Transportation Tips by yuet29 Top 5 Page for this destination
Lao Cai Transportation: 10 reviews and 14 photos
For 9:30pm train, you will reach Lao cai at around 5:30 in the next morning.
Tulico tourist will sell the van ticket inside the train station cost 25,000D. The price for van from LaoCai to Sapa is 20,000-25,000D for tourist, standard price. Tulico van is newer and cleaner. However, you can still get a lot of choices outside the Lao Cai train station which cost 20,000D for the same journey.
The van will wait until it filled up before it makes a move to Sapa. Unless you have advance booking for your accomodation, tulico tourist van will drop you at Darling Hotel.
See Accomodation for more..
Mode: TO
Type: Other
Train from Hanoi to lao CAi depart on 9:30pm.
Buy the ticket from Hanoi train station.
You have 2 choices, buy the normal train ticket or the tulico train ticket. Tulico is an express train, cost higher of course.
I took the hard sleeper berth, which is 6 berths in a cabin, cost me 146,000 Dong. If you ask me why taking a hard sleeper, besides of budget constraint, it is because I am easily fall asleep regardless of whatever material I sleep on. Thus, soft sleeper or hard sleeper makes no different for me.
The train tooks 8 hours to reach Lao Cai. Around 8 hours travelling time.
Mode: TO
Type: Train
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Multimode vs. single-mode Multimode cable has a large-diameter core and multiple pathways of light. It is most commonly available in two core sizes: 50-micron and 62.5-micron. Multimode fiber optic cable can... more/see it nowbe used for most general data and voice fiber applications such as adding segments to an existing network, and in smaller applications such as alarm systems and bringing fiber to the desktop. Both multimode cable cores use either LED or laser light sources. Multimode 50-micron cable is recommended for premise applications?(backbone, horizontal, and intrabuilding connections). It should be considered for any new construction and for installations because it provides longer link lengths and/or higher speeds, particularly in the 850-nm wavelength, than 62.5-micron cable does. Multimode cable commonly has an orange or aqua jacket; single-mode has yellow. Other colors are available for various applications and for identification purposes. Single-mode cable has a small (8–10-micron) glass core and only one pathway of light. With only a single wavelength of light passing through its core, single-mode cable realigns the light toward the center of the core instead of simply bouncing it off the edge of the core as multimode does. Single-mode cable provides 50 times more distance than multimode cable does. Consequently, single-mode cable is typically used in high-bandwidth applications and in long-haul network connections spread out over extended areas, including cable television and campus backbone applications. Telcos use it for connections between switching offices. Single-mode cable also provides higher bandwidth, so you can use a pair of single-mode fiber strands full-duplex at more than twice the throughput of multimode fiber. Construction Fiber optic cable consists of a core, cladding, coating, buffer strengthening fibers, and cable jacket. The core is the physical medium that transports optical data signals from an attached light source to a receiving device. It is a single continuous strand of glass or plastic that's measured (in microns) by the size of its outer diameter. All fiber optic cable is sized according to its core's outer diameter. The two multimode sizes most commonly available are 50 and 62.5 microns. Single-mode cores are generally less than 9 microns. The cladding is a thin layer that surrounds the fiber core and serves as a boundary that contains the light waves and causes the refraction, enabling data to travel throughout the length of the fiber segment. The coating is a layer of plastic that surrounds the core and cladding to reinforce the fiber core, help absorb shocks, and provide extra protection against excessive cable bends. These coatings are measured in microns (µ); the coating is 250µ and the buffer is 900µ. Strengthening fibers help protect the core against crushing forces and excessive tension during installation. This material is generally Kevlar® yarn strands within the cable jacket. The cable jacket is the outer layer of any cable. Most fiber optic cables have an orange jacket, although some types can have black, yellow, aqua or other color jackets. Various colors can be used to designate different applications within a network. Simplex vs. duplex patch cables Multimode and single-mode patch cables can be simplex or duplex. Simplex has one fiber, while duplex zipcord has two fibers joined with a thin web. Simplex (also known as single strand) and duplex zipcord cables are tight-buffered and jacketed, with Kevlar strength members. Because simplex fiber optic cable consists of only one fiber link, you should use it for applications that only require one-way data transfer. For instance, an interstate trucking scale that sends the weight of the truck to a monitoring station or an oil line monitor that sends data about oil flow to a central location. Use duplex multimode or single-mode fiber optic cable for applications that require simultaneous, bidirectional data transfer. Workstations, fiber switches and servers, Ethernet switches, backbone ports, and similar hardware require duplex cable. PVC (riser) vs. plenum-rated PVC cable (also called riser-rated cable even though not all PVC cable is riser-rated) features an outer polyvinyl chloride jacket that gives off toxic fumes when it burns. It can be used for horizontal and vertical runs, but only if the building features a contained ventilation system. Plenum can replace PVC, but PVC cannot be used in plenum spaces. "Riser-rated" means that the jacket is fire-resistant. However, it can still give off noxious fumes when overheated. The cable carries an OFNR rating and is not for use in plenums. Plenum-jacketed cables have FEP, such as Teflon®, which emits less toxic fumes when it burns. A plenum is a space within the building designed for the movement of environmental air. In most office buildings, the space above the ceiling is used for the HVAC air return. If cable goes through that space, it must be "plenum-rated." Distribution-style vs. breakout-style Distribution-style cables have several tight-buffered fibers bundled under the same jacket with Kevlar or fiberglass rod reinforcement. These cables are small in size and are typically used within a building for short, dry conduit runs, in either riser or plenum applications. The fibers can be directly terminated, but because the fibers are not individually reinforced, these cables need to be terminated inside a patch panel, junction box, fiber enclosure, or cabinet. Breakout-style cables are made of several simplex cables bundled together, making a strong design that is larger than distribution cables. Breakout cables are suitable for riser and plenum applications. Loose-tube vs. tight-buffered Both loose-tube and tight-buffered cables contain some type of strengthening member, such as aramid yarn, stainless steel wire strands, or even gel-filled sleeves. But each is designed for very different environments. Loose-tube cable is specifically designed for harsh outdoor environments. It protects the fiber core, cladding, and coating by enclosing everything within semi-rigid protective sleeves or tubes. Many loose-tube cables also have a water-resistant gel that surrounds the fibers. This gel helps protect them from moisture, so the cables are great for harsh, high-humidity environments where water or condensation can be a problem. The gel-filled tubes can also expand and contract with temperature changes. Gel-filled loose-tube cable is not the best choice for indoor applications. Tight-buffered cable, in contrast, is optimized for indoor applications. Because it's sturdier than loose-tube cable, it's best suited for moderate-length LAN/WAN connections, or long indoor runs. It's easier to install as well, because there's no messy gel to clean up and it doesn't require a fan-out kit for splicing or termination. Indoor/outdoor cable Indoor/outdoor cable uses dry-block technology to seal ruptures against moisture seepage and gel-filled buffer tubes to halt moisture migration. Comprised of a ripcord, core binder, a flame-retardant layer, overcoat, aramid yarn, and an outer jacket, it is designed for aerial, duct, tray, and riser applications. Interlocking armored cable This fiber cable is jacketed in aluminum interlocking armor so it can be run just about anywhere in a building. Ideal for harsh environments, it is rugged and rodent resistant. No conduit is needed, so it's a labor- and money-saving alternative to using innerducts for fiber cable runs. Outside-plant cable is used in direct burials. It delivers optimum performance in extreme conditions and is terminated within 50 feet of a building entrance. It blocks water and is rodent-resistant. Interlocking armored cable is lightweight and flexible but also extraordinarily strong. It is ideal for out-of-the-way premise links. Laser-optimized 10-Gigabit cable Laser-optimized multimode fiber cable assemblies differ from standard multimode cable assemblies because they have graded refractive index profile fiber optic cable in each assembly. This means that the refractive index of the core glass decreases toward the outer cladding, so the paths of light towards the outer edge of the fiber travel quicker than the other paths. This increase in speed equalizes the travel time for both short and long light paths, ensuring accurate information transmission and receipt over much greater distances, up to 300 meters at 10 Gbps. Laser-optimized multimode fiber cable is ideal for premise networking applications that include long distances. It is usually aqua colored. collapse
Fiber optic cable is becoming one of the fastest-growing transmission mediums for both new cabling installations and upgrades, including backbone, horizontal, and even desktop applications. It's favored for applications that... more/see it nowneed high bandwidth, long distances, and complete immunity to electrical interference. It's ideal for high-data-rate systems such as Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, multimedia, ATM, SONET, Fibre Channel, or any other network that requires the transfer of large, bandwidth-consuming data files, particularly over long distances. Fiber offers the following advantages: Greater bandwidth—Because fiber provides far greater bandwidth than copper and has proven performance at rates up to 10 Gbps, it gives network designers future-proofing capabilities as network speeds and requirements increase. Also, fiber optic cable can carry more information with greater fidelity than copper wire. That's why the telephone networks use fiber and many CATV companies are converting to fiber. Low attenuation and greater distance—Because the fiber optic signal is made of light, very little signal loss occurs during transmission, and data can move at higher speeds and greater distances. Fiber does not have the 100-meter (328-ft.) distance limitation of unshielded twisted-pair copper (without a booster). Fiber distances can range from 300 meters (984.2 ft.) to 40 kilometers (24.8 mi.), depending on the style of cable, wavelength, and network. (Fiber distances are typically measured in metric units.) Because fiber signals need less boosting than copper ones do, the cable performs better. Security—Your data is safe with fiber cable. It doesn't radiate signals and is extremely difficult to tap. If the cable is tapped, it's very easy to monitor because the cable leaks light, causing the entire system to fail. If an attempt is made to break the physical security of your fiber system, you'll know it. Fiber networks also enable you to put all your electronics and hardware in one central location, instead of having wiring closets with equipment throughout the building. Immunity and reliability—Fiber provides extremely reliable data transmission. It's completely immune to many environmental factors that affect copper cable. The core is made of glass, which is an insulator, so no electric current can flow through. It's immune to electromagnetic interference and radio-frequency interference (EMI/RFI), crosstalk, impedance problems, and more. You can run fiber cable next to industrial equipment without worry. Fiber is also less susceptible to temperature fluctuations than copper and can be submerged in water. Design—Fiber is lightweight, thin, and more durable than copper cable. Plus, fiber optic cable has pulling specifications that are up to 10 times greater than copper cable's. Its small size makes it easier to handle, and it takes up much less space in cabling ducts. Although fiber is still more difficult to terminate than copper, advancements in connectors are making termination easier. In addition, fiber is actually easier to test than copper cable. Migration—The proliferation and lower costs of media converters are making copper to fiber migration much easier. The converters provide seamless links and enable the use of existing hardware. Fiber can be incorporated into networks in planned upgrades. Standards—TIA/EIA standards are bringing fiber closer to the desktop. TIA/EIA-785, ratified in 2001, provides a cost-effective migration path from 10-Mbps Ethernet to 100-Mbps Fast Ethernet over fiber (100BASE-SX). An addendum to the standard eliminates limitations in transceiver designs. In addition, in June 2002, the IEEE approved a 10-Gigabit Ethernet (10-GbE) standard. Costs—The cost for fiber cable, components, and hardware is steadily decreasing. Installation costs for fiber are higher than copper because of the skill needed for terminations. Overall, fiber is more expensive than copper in the short run, but it may actually be less expensive in the long run. Fiber typically costs less to maintain, has much less downtime, and requires less networking hardware. And fiber eliminates the need to recable for higher network performance. Types of fiber cable and standards. Multimode, 50- and 62.5-micron cable—Multimode cable has a large-diameter core and multiple pathways of light. It comes in two core sizes: 50-micron and 62.5-micron. Multimode fiber optic cable can be used for most general data and voice fiber applications, such as bringing fiber to the desktop, adding segments to an existing network, and in smaller applications such as alarm systems. Both 50- and 62.5-micron cable feature the same cladding diameter of 125 microns, but 50-micron fiber cable features a smaller core (the light-carrying portion of the fiber). Although both can be used in the same way, 50-micron cable is recommended for premise applications (backbone, horizontal, and intrabuilding connections) and should be considered for any new construction and installations. Both also use either LED or laser light sources. The big difference between the two is that 50-micron cable provides longer link lengths and/or higher speeds, particularly in the 850-nm wavelength. Single-mode, 8–10-micron cable—Single-mode cable has a small 8–10-micron glass core and only one pathway of light. With only a single wavelength of light passing through its core, single-mode cable realigns the light toward the center of the core instead of simply bouncing it off the edge of the core as multimode does. Single-mode cable provides 50 times more distance than multimode cable. Consequently, single-mode cable is typically used in long-haul network connections spread out over extended areas, including cable television and campus backbone applications. Telcos use it for connections between switching offices. Single-mode cable also provides higher bandwidth, so you can use a pair of single-mode fiber strands full-duplex for up to twice the throughput of multimode fiber. collapse
Fiber optic cable not only gives you immunity to interference and greater signal security, but it's also constructed to insulate the fiber's core from the stress associated with use in... more/see it nowharsh environments. The core is a very delicate channel that's used to transport data signals from an optical transmitter to an optical receiver. To help reinforce the core, absorb shock, and provide extra protection against cable bends, fiber cable contains a coating of acrylate plastic. In an environment free from the stress of external forces such as temperature, bends, and splices, fiber optic cable can transmit light pulses with minimal attenuation. And although there will always be some attenuation from external forces and other conditions, there are two methods of cable construction to help isolate the core: loose-tube and tight-buffer construction. In a loose-tube construction, the fiber core literally floats within a plastic gel-filled sleeve. Surrounded by this protective layer, the core is insulated from temperature extremes, as well as from damaging external forces such as cutting and crushing. In a tight-core construction, the plastic extrusion method is used to apply a protective coating directly over the fiber coating. This helps the cable withstand even greater crushing forces. But while the tight-buffer design offers greater protection from core breakage, it's more susceptible to stress from temperature variations. Conversely, while it's more flexible than loose-tube cable, the tight-buffer design offers less protection from sharp bends or twists. collapse
The background As todays networks expand, the demand for more bandwidth and greater distances increases. Gigabit Ethernet and the emerging 10 Gigabit Ethernet are becoming the applications of choice for current... more/see it nowand future networking needs. Thus, there is a renewed interest in 50-micron fiber optic cable. First used in 1976, 50-micron cable has not experienced the widespread use in North America that 62.5-micron cable has. To support campus backbones and horizontal runs over 10-Mbps Ethernet, 62.5 fiber, introduced in 1986, was and still is the predominant fiber optic cable because it offers high bandwidth and long distance. One reason 50-micron cable did not gain widespread use was because of the light source. Both 62.5 and 50-micron fiber cable can use either LED or laser light sources. But in the 1980s and 1990s, LED light sources were common. Since 50-micron cable has a smaller aperture, the lower power of the LED light source caused a reduction in the power budget compared to 62.5-micron cable—thus, the migration to 62.5-micron cable. At that time, laser light sources were not highly developed and were rarely used with 50-micron cable—mostly in research and technological applications. Common ground The cables share many characteristics. Although 50-micron fiber cable features a smaller core, which is the light-carrying portion of the fiber, both 50- and 62.5-micron cable use the same glass cladding diameter of 125 microns. Because they have the same outer diameter, theyre equally strong and are handled in the same way. In addition, both types of cable are included in the TIA/EIA 568-B.3 standards for structured cabling and connectivity. As with 62.5-micron cable, you can use 50-micron fiber in all types of applications: Ethernet, FDDI, 155-Mbps ATM, Token Ring, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet. It is recommended for all premise applications: backbone, horizontal, and intrabuilding connections, and it should be considered especially for any new construction and installations. IT managers looking at the possibility of 10 Gigabit Ethernet and future scalability will get what they need with 50-micron cable. Gaining ground The big difference between 50-micron and 62.5-micron cable is in bandwidth. The smaller 50-micron core provides a higher 850-nm bandwidth, making it ideal for inter/intrabuilding connections. 50-micron cable features three times the bandwidth of standard 62.5-micron cable. At 850-nm, 50-micron cable is rated at 500 MHz/km over 500 meters versus 160 MHz/km for 62.5-micron cable over 220 meters. Fiber Type: 62.5/125 µmMinimum Bandwidth (MHz-km): 160/500Distance at 850 nm: 220 m Distance at 1310 nm: 500 m Fiber Type: 50/125 µm Minimum Bandwidth (MHz-km): 500/500 Distance at 850 nm: 500 m Distance at 1310 nm: 500 m As we move towards Gigabit Ethernet, the 850-nm wavelength is gaining importance along with the development of improved laser technology. Today, a lower-cost 850-nm laser, the Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL), is becoming more available for networking. This is particularly important because Gigabit Ethernet specifies a laser light source. Other differences between the two types of cable include distance and speed. The bandwidth an application needs depends on the data transmission rate. Usually, data rates are inversely proportional to distance. As the data rate (MHz) goes up, the distance that rate can be sustained goes down. So a higher fiber bandwidth enables you to transmit at a faster rate or for longer distances. In short, 50-micron cable provides longer link lengths and/or higher speeds in the 850-nm wavelength. For example, the proposed link length for 50-micron cable is 500 meters in contrast with 220 meters for 62.5-micron cable. Migration Standards now exist that cover the migration of 10-Mbps to 100-Mbps or 1 Gigabit Ethernet at the 850-nm wavelength. The most logical solution for upgrades lies in the connectivity hardware. The easiest way to connect the two types of fiber in a network is through a switch or other networking box. It is not recommended to connect the two types of fiber directly. collapse
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Grape Oblong Tray by Arthur Court
Grape Oblong Tray by Arthur Court
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Arthur Court Grape Oblong Tray
Arthur Court Grape Oblong Tray
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The Grape Oblong Tray is a beautiful tray in Arthur Court's classic grape design. The gorgeous oblong tray inspired by Napa's wine region is perfectly sized to serve a baguette, a batch of cookies, or an antipasto platter. This Arthur Court tray's brilliant luster captures the elegance of antique silver but is actually made of hand-polished aluminum, which is easy to maintain. The design on the Arthur Court Grape Tray features bunches of grapes with grape leaves and grapevines winding around the outer edge of the tray.
Grapevine handles at either end of the tray are helpful for passing hors d'ouvres and four feet keep the platter on a buffet table.
The rectangular tray curves up slightly at the edges to prevent food from sliding off. The Arthur Court Grape Oblong Tray
, both beautiful and functional, is perfect for entertaining and makes a great gift. Coordinates with other Arthur Court Grape serving and accent pieces. Chill in refrigerator or freezer, can be warmed in oven to 350º. Wash by hand for best care.
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Grape Cheese Knife with Onyx Board by Arthur Court
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Arthur Court Grape Cheese Knife with Onyx Board is a distinctive cheese board and knife from Arthur Court's Grape collection. The Grape Cheese Knife with Onyx Cheese Board is two-piece cheese set that dresses up casual or formal get togethers.
Grape Wreath Wine Glass by Arthur Court
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The Grape Wreath Wine Glass by Arthur Court is a luxurious wine glass embellished with gorgeous grapes and leaves in a wreath design around the base. The foot of each Arthur Court Grape Wreath Wine Glass is covered in a grape pattern in sand cast aluminum
Vin Rouge/Vin Blanc Serving Tray
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The Vin Rouge/Vin Blanc Serving Tray is a durable melamine butlers tray featuring a graphic tribute to a variety of fine red and white wines. The wine themed Vin Rouge/Vin Blanc Serving Tray has cut out handles and is 20 1/2" x 14" x 1 5/8".
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The Pittsfield Federation of Temple Youth (PFTY), led by Advisor Rachel Alemany, has long been committed to encouraging Jewish students' (grades 8 through 12) participation in Judaism and Social Action activities. PFTY, is a member of the Northeast Region of the National Federation for Temple Youth.
This year, the members of PFTY have united with youth group members from Knesset Israel to form "Yachad", a group which encourages tight-knit bonds between the youth of the Central Berkshire Jewish community, and will engage in several group dinners, projects, and holiday events together this year.
The members of PFTY frequently reach beyond Berkshire County and participate in NFTY regional Conclavettes and dances in order to encourage networking between fellow young Jews.
Each fall during the High Holy Day season, PFTY contributes to the Temple and the local community's Social Action initiatives by running a food drive. PFTY also takes part in the Temple's annual Religious School Shabbat service. In March of 2009, PFTY was featured in The Berkshire Eagle for their work on "Where Do You Live", a Shabbat Service dedicated to exploring each individual's place in their communities.
New members of PFTY are always welcome. If you are interested in learning more about PFTY or would like to join PFTY, leave a message for Rachel Alemany by calling the Temple Office at (413) 442-5910, or e-mail at email@example.com.
YACHAD 2012-2013 Registration Form
Another year has passed and the Yachad and Junior Yachad kids have had an amazing time. In May, Rachel, Denise, Jake and Lara were joined by Yachad and Yachad Jr. as they placed memorial flags at the TAA Cemetery and cleaned up the KI Cemetery on Pecks Rd. NFTY NE said goodbye to Tony at Senior Kallah at Camp Eisner. Yachad finished our year with a pool party and barbecue at the Mulligans.
I'd like to take a moment to recap highlights from our year for you, so that you understand the valuable and fun work that we do all year long: We began the year putting together bags for people take home with them from the high holiday services and fill them with food which we donated to a local food bank in Pittsfield. The food bank was so grateful because they were very low on donations. We helped put up the Sukkah and decorated it while having bagels and brunch with Rabbi Josh. In October we planned and prepared for our annual Italian Night, and as promised we did not run out of lasagna this year, and we raised $200 for tikkun olam. In December we collected toys and warm clothing for families in need, and donated them locally to the Christian Center. We had a great movie night in the winter and then in March, ran the annual Purim Carnival which raised another $400.00 for tikkun olam. We prepared Lasagna's for the Soup Kitchen and put together Easter Baskets for the children at the Elizabeth Freeman Center. We continued our tradition of participation in NFTY -NE and had TAA represented at every NFTY-NE event this year!
As you can see, our year is filled with tikkun olam, social action, community mitzvot, and fun & friends- all the things that look great on a college application. Having your children participate in this Jewish youth group will help develop and strengthen their Jewish identities and create future leaders in the Jewish community. Jewish continuity is a major concern of today's leaders and by making the youth groups a priority you are teaching your children this important lesson. If you have suggestions for programming please do not hesitate to contact me at email@example.com. Please encourage your kids to participate regularly next year; I promise they won't regret it!
Happy summer to everyone!
Rachel Alemany


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Boat building plans | Schionning Marine | Mosselbay
They are a family business that designs sail and power catamaran boats for private pleasure and commercial use. They have an extensive range of stock boat designs and can also take on custom sailing boat design work.
With years of live aboard experience and 50 – 60,000 sea miles in some of the worst conditions in the world, you can rest assured that when it comes to building plans for boats, you are in for the best.
The family have all been involved in the boat building environment, and they have other skills like land surveying which enables them to add other skills in the design of world class yachts.
Want to ensure your boat meets all the requirements and beauty to take on the perils of the seas? Trust Schionningmarine with all your boating requirements.
Check out their website for boat designs – their plans are easy to follow, and being builders as well as designers, they have made the building process as simple as possible – their CAD plans are among the very best in the World.
Contact Details:
P.O. Box 702
Western Cape
This Building Plans posting about Schionning Marine was sponsored by I Lead Building Plans South Africa. Should you wish to list your Building Plan services for free on this website then contact I Lead Building Plans today: firstname.lastname@example.com. www.searchengine.co.za also offers free listing services similar to I Lead Building Plans
Filed under: Building Plan Services, CAD - computer aided designs, Western Cape


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Any update on what you picked for a register system? I wondered if you went with the Mac Mini or picked a prebaked system, like Aloha?
Wouldn't that disrupt everyone's computers and cell phones, and rip braces off of teeth?
Okay, I'm exaggerating, but if it was real, it would still screw things up.
Only one way to find out...


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Exit Films Auckland
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Exit Auckland's office is the groovy, hipster-kid of the company. It is housed in retro offices that were once home to a liquor importation business. The wood panelling and monogrammed carpet are the envy of the Australian offices.