text:
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 83
Annotated Bibliography
A Decision Tool for Identifying the Prospects and Opportunities for Short Sea Shipping.
M. Yonge, Maritime Transport and Logistics Advisors, LLC, United States, and L. Henesey,
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlshamn, Sweden. Presented at 85th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., January 25, 2006. Available at http://advanced
maritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/06-0423.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This paper addresses the results of a project commissioned by the Canaveral Port Authority
to gain additional information and analysis to consider how SSS should be included in its strate-
gic plans. It identifies a list of critical decision factors that may support or impede the initiation
of a SSS service at that port.
A National Short Sea Shipping Initiative. Testimony of Anastassis Margaronis, Santa Maria
Shipowning & Trading, Inc., before the House Committee on Coast Guard and Maritime Trans-
portation, Washington, D.C., February 15, 2007. Available at http://www.santamariashipping.com/
short_shipping_initiative_02-07.html as of June 30, 2009.
This statement provides some insight into what could be done to spark more shipbuilding in
the United States. Title XI and possible legislative action are both mentioned.
America's Deep Blue Highway: How Coastal Shipping Could Reduce Traffic Congestion,
Lower Pollution, and Bolster National Security. Institute for Global Maritime Studies in cooper-
ation with the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, September
2008. Available at http://www.igms.org/docs/americas_deep_blue_highway_IGMS_report_
sept_2008.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This is a very detailed analysis of coastal shipping. It provides a description of coastal ship-
ping as it currently exists and discusses U.S. coastal shipping policies. It goes into consider-
able detail in describing the potential environmental, national security, and economic benefits
of coastal shipping. The authors present 10 recommendations for public and private sector
decision-makers. A study appendix contains a national list of prospective coastal shipping ports.
Another appendix summarizes previous coastal shipping studies. Appendix 3 summarizes recent
legislative activity regarding short sea shipping.
Analysis of the Potential Market for Short Sea Shipping Services over the Ports of Fall River
and New Bedford. Prepared for Massachusetts Department of Business and Technology and Sea-
port Advisory Council by Reeve & Associates, Yarmouthport, MA, with Global Insight and KKO
and Associates, March 29, 2006. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/
short-sea-shipping/fall%20river%20and%20new%20bedford.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This report assesses the market potential for SSS operations (coastal shipping) to connect the
ports of Fall River and New Bedford (ports of Bristol County) with other U.S. ports that would
provide a new mode of transportation for freight that is currently moving over the highway. The
authors conclude that there is a strong probability of success for such services. They explain the
factors they believe would contribute to success, but also identify several obstacles. The authors
OCR for page 83
also conclude that the reason several prior ventures have failed is due to high costs on both the
vessel and port side and slow acceptance of this alternative transport mode. Additionally, most
of these earlier short sea initiatives were carried out prior to the current conflux of highway con-
gestion, driver shortages, and high fuel costs that are creating a more favorable environment for
short-sea shipping transport alternatives.
A Shipbuilder's Assessment of America's Marine Highways. General Dynamics NASSCO,
San Diego, CA, July 30, 2006.
This document summarizes the current state of America's marine highways from NASSCO's
perspective. It identifies several obstacles and proposes strategies to overcome them. The authors
make a couple of interesting points not specifically emphasized elsewhere, such as (1) Jones Act
vessels are more expensive, but their actual "cost penalty" is only about 7% to 9% and this could
be reduced through some standardization of design, and (2) it would be better to initiate a
service with several small vessels than just one or two large ones, primarily due to redundancy
of equipment and frequency of service. They also state that contrary to expectations, the cost of
labor in the United States is not a prohibitive factor in the overall cost of a U.S.-built vessel. The
United States ranks third or fourth in the hourly cost of labor compared to other key shipbuild-
ing nations. When compared to world-class shipyards, the key differential in shipbuilding cost
is volume.
A Survey of Short Sea Shipping and Its Prospects in the USA. Anastassios N. Perakis and
Athanasios Denisis, Department of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Maritime Policy & Management, Vol. 35, No. 6, December 2008.
Available at http://americasmarinehighways.com/userfiles/MPM-PerakisDenisis-SSSsurvey.pdf
as of June 30, 2009.
There are obstacles, administrative barriers, and challenges to the success of SSS in both North
America and Europe that should be addressed. Several successful operations on both sides of
the Atlantic make a strong case in favor of SSS. SSS can develop customized and technologically
advanced solutions that will further integrate it into the intermodal transportation chain and will
improve its image among shippers as a mode that can provide reliable door-to-door transportation.
This paper reviews several studies on the subject and discusses the latest developments on SSS in the
United States and in Europe. It also addresses the major issues and benefits of SSS and examines the
prospects for potential short sea operations in the United States.
Atlantic Canada Short Sea Shipping Background Study. Prepared for Transport Canada by
MariNova Consulting Ltd., Halifax, NS, Canada and Dr. Mary R. Brooks, Dalhousie Univer-
sity, Halifax, NS, Canada, 2003. Available at http://www.tc.gc.ca/pol/en/acf/shortseaS/workshop/
Atlantic_Canada_SSS.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This study presents a detailed analysis of relevant domestic and international coastal marine
services and regulatory impediments relating to the introduction of additional SSS on the East
Coast. It summarizes recent developments in SSS from a corporate and strategic perspective in
Atlantic Canada, Europe, and the United States. A description of recent developments in terms of
technology also is included. The authors identify regulatory impediments relating to the introduc-
tion of additional SSS on the East Coast. They also summarize crosscutting issues to be addressed
as Canada moves forward toward an SSS agenda.
Bi-State Domestic Freight Ferries Study. A.L.C. de Cerreno, M. E. Robins, P. Woods,
A. Strauss-Wieder, and R. Yeung, Rudin Center for Transportation Policy & Management, New
York University, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York, September
2006. Available at http://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter/files/domesticFreightFerries.pdf as of
June 30, 2009.
This study is a detailed analysis of the feasibility of freight ferries as an alternative for domestic
truck freight movements that cross the Hudson River via existing bridges and tunnels. It focuses
on intra-harbor ferries that would carry domestic freight that would otherwise be transported by
truck over the roadway network. In addition, this study concentrates on the key factors that have
spurred freight ferry markets and use in other locations, rather than trying to identify specific
OCR for page 83
routes or locations. The most important conclusion of the study is that a freight ferry would not
provide the time and/or cost savings necessary to attract general freight movement given current,
"tolerable" levels of congestion and shippers' preference for single-line (all highway) service. Thus,
without public policy intervention and leadership, it is unlikely that a ferry market for trucks will
readily develop on its own.
Charleston as an S3 Port. Presentation by John E. Cameron, TradeWorthy, Inc. at America's
Marine Highways Workshop, Charleston Technology Institute, Charleston, SC, October 21Ł23,
2008. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/nsrp-
20Panel.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This presentation mentions several marine highway ventures currently operating in Charleston
that have been successful so far. They include a lightering service that takes coal and scrap from
ocean carriers to barges that in turn move the cargo 5 mi farther inland to power and steel plants.
The port also receives refined product and chemical raw material from "hub" ports elsewhere.
Additionally, the port receives aviation fuel from deep draft vessels and moves it by barge to
military installations. Some outbound military hardware shipments also arrive by barge. The
presentation mentions challenges faced by Charleston and other East Coast ports in develop-
ing coastal shipments.
Columbia Snake River System and Oregon Coastal Cargo Ports Marine Transportation
System Study, Appendix C: Short Sea Shipping in the Columbia/Snake River System. Prepared
for the Center for Economic Development Education and Research by Pacific Northwest Water-
ways Association, Portland, OR, June 2005. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.
aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/columbia%20snake%20river.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This paper discusses the reasons for success of container services on the Columbia/Snake River
System. Three major factors are identified: cooperation, commodity mix, and geography. Ports,
barge lines, shippers, and steamship lines were all committed to making the concept successful.
Freight was low value, non time-sensitive cargo that could afford the extra couple days of tran-
sit time in exchange for the lower transportation cost. Further, the cargo was concentrated in
very close proximity to the river system. The paper also describes how geography played a role.
The paper examines three possibilities for further expansion: feeder service for containerized
cargo currently moving in domestic and international trade, shifting current domestic cargo
movements from road and rail to water, and the generation of new domestic cargo movements
utilizing the economic efficiencies of coastwise SSS.
CREATES3. Ships and Shipping, Vol. 7 No. 7, Baird Publications, Southbank, Australia,
April 2007, p. 20.
This article describes a research project funded by the European Commission that brings
together some of the leading companies in SSS and ship design with the aim of developing a new
generation of short sea vessels utilizing advanced design and manufacturing techniques.
Cross Border Shortsea Shipping Study. Prepared for Transport Canada by Cambridge Sys-
tematics, Inc., Oakland, CA with Moffatt & Nichol Engineers, May 2004. Available at http://
resources.wcog.org/border/sss_phase1report.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
The study focuses on the U.S.-Canada Cascade Gateway Region in the Northwest. It summa-
rizes the existing SSS services (both domestic and cross-border) that may provide a building
block in the development of any future services and describes how legal, regulatory, institutional,
operational, and economic factors will affect success of a future service. It notes a number of fac-
tors that have contributed to the decline of cross-border services. It discusses various vessel types
that could be used. The authors conclude that cabotage rules (Coasting Trade Act in Canada and
Jones Act in United States) do not seem to play a significant role in cross-border short sea ser-
vices; neither do port infrastructure constraints.
Cross Harbor Freight Movement Major Investment Study. Prepared by Edwards and Kelcey
Engineers, Inc., for New York City Economic Development Corporation, New York, May 2000.
Available at http://www.crossharborstudy.com/finalrep.pdf as of July 7, 2009.
OCR for page 83
The purpose of this study was to develop a strategy for improving the region's movement
of goods across New York Harbor. During the first year of the MIS, 15 conceptual alternatives
and implementation strategies were identified. Through an extensive screening process, these
strategies were narrowed to three alternatives that then underwent rigorous analysis, including
(1) Transportation Systems Management (TSM)/railcar float system--an alternative that com-
bines improved railcar barge service with new rail barges and transfer bridges; (2) rail freight tun-
nel between Staten Island, NY, and Brooklyn; and (3) rail freight tunnel between Jersey City,
NJ, and Brooklyn. Each alternative was analyzed with respect to freight market diversion to rail,
benefits, capital and operating costs, benefit-cost, and financing.
Driving Factors and Potential Impacts of Future Increases in Short Sea/Inland Waterway's
Share of Total Freight Movements. Commission Briefing Paper 4B-09. Prepared by Reeve &
Associates, Yarmouthport, MA, for National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study
Commission, January 11, 2007. Available at http://transportationfortomorrow.org/final_report/
pdf/volume_3/technical_issue_papers/paper4b_09.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This paper focuses on the diversion of traffic from highways to coastal shipping. It states that
the marine highways' main advantage is cost competitiveness. A number of truckload operators
were reported as saying that the slower speeds would not be a strong disadvantage for significant
volumes of freight given the cost differential. A key constraint is the high cost of U.S. shipbuild-
ing for Jones Act vessels. These vessels would be unemployable in other services, thereby creating
additional risk.
Feasibility Assessment of Short Sea Shipping to Service the Pacific Coast. Prepared by
TranSystems/Manalytics International, San Francisco, CA, CDI Marine Company, Severna Park,
MD, Matthew P. Tedesco, Seattle, WA, and Westar Transport, Selma, CA for Center for the Com-
mercial Deployment of Transportation Technologies, Long Beach, CA, December 2006. Avail-
able at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/CCDOTT%20WEST
%20COAST%20PHASE%20I%20PM%20REPORT.pdf as of August 28, 2009.
The objective of this study is to demonstrate the preliminary market, economic, and techni-
cal feasibility of a commercial short sea service on the Pacific Coast that handles domestic and
international (feeder) freight moving between major transportation hubs and population cen-
ters. The effort also addresses the potential emissions of SSS compared to traditional trucking
and the military applications of short sea service and vessels, including their scope for contribut-
ing to military deployment requirements.
Feeder Port: Bi-State Port is East Coast Hub for All-Water Container Feeder Services. Via
Port of New York-New Jersey, New York, Vol. 39, No. 6, June 1987.
This article provides excellent background on the Northeast services provided by McAllister
Brothers and Hale Container Line in the 1980s.
Financing with the Maritime Administration's Capital Construction Fund. H. Clayton Cook,
Seward & Kissel LLP, Washington, D.C. Marine Money International, Stamford, CT, October 2007,
pp. 47Ł56. Available at http://www.sewkis.com/files/Publication/cd9ed626-1de1-410e-a62f-4331
HClaytonCook.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This article shows how the Capital Construction Fund could help businesses needing to finance
the construction of new vessels. It cites statistics on the use of the CCF and Title XI programs since
WWII. It also discusses changes to CCF included in HR 3221. This bill was later incorporated into
HR 6, which was later passed into law.
Four Corridor Case Studies of Short-Sea Shipping Services: Short-Sea Shipping Business
Case Analysis. Submitted to U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary, by
Global Insight, Lexington, MA, in Association with Reeve & Associates, August 15, 2006. Avail-
able at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/DOT_SSS_final_
report_v2_11.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This study evaluates four potential traffic lanes as business case studies for the SSS concept in
order to identify the potential for market viability of such services, as well as any key challenges
OCR for page 83
to that success being achieved, and the steps that may be taken to overcome any such obstacles.
The commercial feasibility of a SSS operation for each of the corridors was evaluated on the basis
of potential costs and benefits from a number of perspectives including transportation cost, tran-
sit times, schedule reliability, required investment and foregone investment in other modal facil-
ities and infrastructure, environmental impact, job creation, and national security issues.
Freight Transportation, Short Sea Shipping Option Shows Importance of Systematic
Approach to Public Investment Decisions. Report No. GAO-05-768. U.S. Government Account-
ability Office, Washington, D.C., July 2005. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.
aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/SSS%20Options%20-%20GAO%20Report.pdf as of July 7, 2009.
This report describes (1) why SSS is being considered and factors affecting its viability, (2) the
department's role in the development of this option, and (3) issues that should be considered by
public transportation decision makers when making investment decisions about this option or
other types of projects for addressing freight mobility challenges. This report is based on a review
of pertinent studies, federal activities, and an examination of two new SSS operations.
Gateways, Corridors and Competitiveness: An Evaluation of Trans-European Networks
and Lessons for Canada. Paper presented by Roger Vickerman, Centre for European, Regional
and Transport Economics, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom, at Canada's
Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative, Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 2Ł4, 2007. Avail-
able at http://www.gateway-corridor.com/roundconfpapers/documents/Vickerman_Roger_
Vancouver.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
In this paper, the author analyzes the Trans-European Networks (TEN) Program to see if it
has accomplished its stated objectives and then looks at how lessons learned could be applied to
Canada. The author concludes that, overall, these projects are not producing the economic ben-
efit to users and shippers that was expected. He points out that although the TEN has principally
been about investment in new capacity, measures to improve the performance of the existing
network could be equally as important. The author applies concepts gleaned from the analysis
of the TEN Program that could be relevant to Canada.
Greater Vancouver Short-Sea Container Shipping Study Pre-Feasibility Report. Novacorp
International, Vancouver, BC, Canada, in association with JWD Group, January 2005. Available
at http://www.gvgc.org/pdf/GVGC_Executive_Summary_SSS_PreFeasibility_Report_Final.pdf
as of June 30, 2009.
The main objective of this study was to determine the likely commercial viability of an SSS
network connecting the lower Canadian mainland's container terminals with remote short sea
terminals and nearby container businesses along the Fraser River. It provides several important
conclusions, including that intra-regional short sea container shipping in Greater Vancouver
offers promising, commercially viable, private sector opportunities; it is critical for short sea con-
tainer terminals to be strategically located close to (or have sufficient land to establish) a variety
of container industry facilities and businesses and to have, on-site or nearby, rail inter-modal
capability; and the levels of freight required to secure sufficient base, container transfer volume
commitments are relatively low and are achievable.
Great Lakes Marine Transportation System. White Paper Prepared for the Midwest Freight
Corridor Study, Richard D. Stewart, Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute, Superior, WI,
April 12, 2006. Available at http://wupcenter.mtu.edu/education/great_lakes_maritime/lessons/
Grt-Lks-Maritime_Transportation_System_Report_Stewart.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This paper provides a good overview of the Great Lakes Marine Transportation System. It con-
tains an historical perspective of the system and a comprehensive description of the current sys-
tem. It discusses both the physical and non-physical challenges to optimizing the system. The
paper also offers some possible opportunities for optimizing the system.
Green Ships Can Fight Global Warming. Stas Margaronis, Santa Maria Shipping LLC, Santa
Rosa, CA, 2008. Available at http://www.greenships.org/greenships.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This is primarily a promotional piece for SSS, but it provides good insights into technological
and financial needs of U.S. shipyards.
OCR for page 83
Harbor Maintenance Funding. John F. Frittelli, Congressional Research Service, Washington,
D.C., January 13, 2004.
This report provides a history of the Harbor Maintenance Tax, an assessment of the current sit-
uation, the impact of large containerships, alternative funding options, and issues for Congress
to address.
High Speed Ferry and Coastwise Vessels: Assessment of a New York/Boston service. Prepared
by National Ports and Waterways Institute, University of New Orleans, for Center for the Com-
mercial Deployment of Transportation Technologies (CCDoTT), Long Beach, CA, May 2003.
Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/NY_Boston_
Final.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
As it assesses the feasibility of a New York/Boston coastwise service, this study describes the
desired characteristics of the terminals that would handle this freight. It analyzes transit time and
service frequency requirements. The study also identifies and evaluates the Columbia Coastal
New York/Boston Service and the New York Barging Initiative. It also includes quite a bit of dis-
cussion on vessel characteristics and potential utilization by the military.
In Search of the Link between Ship Size and Operations. Christa Sys, Ghent University,
Tweekerkenstraat, Gent, Belgium. Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Lim-
ited, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom, Vol. 31, No. 4, August 2008, pp. 435Ł463. Available at
http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/672437_751309485_901811710.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
The paper assesses the link between ship size and operations, given current discussions about
the increase in container vessel scale. It finds that (1) ship size and operations are linked; (2) opti-
mal ship size depends on transport segment (deep-sea vs. short sea shipping), terminal type
(transshipment terminals vs. other terminals), trade lane (east-west vs. north-south trades) and
technology; and (3) a ship optimal for one trade can be suboptimal for another. It specifically
discusses "intraregional" (SSS) trade.
Letter to President's Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform. American Association of Port
Authorities, Alexandria, VA, April 4, 2005. Available at http://www.aapa-ports.org/files/PDFs/
AAPAletter_advisorypanel_taxreform.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This letter from AAPA to the Advisory Panel describes the Harbor Maintenance Tax and how
much domestic cargoes contribute to the Harbor Maintenance Fund. The letter advocates the
exemption of domestic shipping from the HMT.
Markets for Short-Sea Shipping in the United States. Remarks by John G. Reeve, Reeve & Asso-
ciates, Yarmouthport, MA, at NSRP PDMT Short Sea Shipping Workshop, Orlando, FL, April
19Ł20, 2007. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/
as of June 30, 2009.
This presentation discusses domestic freight flows in a general sense. It discusses the issues of
traffic density, scheduling, and vessel strings. It proposes the "best" vessel type for the develop-
ment of coastal traffic. It presents a comparison of marine highway costs versus truck and rail
for the North Atlantic/South Atlantic and Gulf Coast/North Atlantic corridors. It closes by
emphasizing the high cost of building vessels in U.S. shipyards.
Motorways of the Sea Port Requirements: The Viewpoint of Port Authorities. Ana C. Paixao
Casaca, Amarrań§es e Servińos Maritimos, ESPRIM - Centro de Acostagens, Lda, Lisboa, Portu-
gal. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, Taylor & Francis, London, UK,
Vol. 11, No.4, August 2008, pp. 279-294. Available at http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/
ftinterfacecontent=a791807242fulltext=713240930, as of June 30, 2009.
The European Commission sees Motorways of the Sea as a floating infrastructure capable of
consolidating freight along certain trade routes where ports are special interfaces characterized
by particular features. To identify these features, an investigation was carried out by means of an
e-mail survey questionnaire. The findings show the viewpoint of port authorities regarding this
matter and suggest a list of 21 prerequisites that ports can use to assess their potential as a Motor-
way of the Sea interface. In addition, they can be used by governmental bodies when deciding
whether to financially support Motorways of the Sea interface projects.
OCR for page 83
Motorways of the Sea. James D. Frost, MariNova Consulting, Halifax, NS, Canada. Great
Lakes Seaway Review, Vol. 34, No. 3, Jan/Mar 2006, pp. 55Ł56.
This article summarizes a study done to analyze the possibility of moving international con-
tainer cargo between the Port of Halifax and southwestern Ontario. The study concludes that
even though there is considerable interest in SSS from a marketing perspective, with existing rail
rates between Halifax and Toronto, a short sea service based purely on international cargo, is not
financially viable since the largest customers of CN also pay the lowest rates to the railway. It also
concludes that SSS does not offer enough frequency for domestic shipments. The article sum-
marizes policy and regulatory matters that need to be addressed.
NAFTA and Short Sea Shipping Corridors. Mary R. Brooks, Atlantic Institute for Market
Studies Commentary, Halifax, NS, Canada, November 2005. Available at http://www.aims.ca/
library/AtlanticaBrooks.pdf as of June 30, 2009.
This article summarizes current and potential marine services within NAFTA and lists key reg-
ulatory barriers to short sea NAFTA corridor development.
Operational Development of Marine Highways to Serve the Pacific Coast. Paper presented
by D. Bagnell, C. Saunders, R. Silva, and M. P. Tedesco, at Transportation Research Board Annual
Meeting, Washington, D.C., January 2009.
This paper examines market volumes, service times, vessel characteristics, and economics for
marine highways serving the Pacific Coast. The authors conclude that current truck rates are not
high enough for marine highways to compete on the basis of cost in short next-day turnaround
markets such as northern to southern California. Marine highways are viable for longer routes
such as California to the Pacific Northwest, where truck rates are higher and both distance and
trucking hours of service regulations permit vessels to be time competitive at slower speeds.
Operator's Perspective. Remarks by T. Presti, National Shipping of America, San Francisco,
CA, at the NSRP PDMT Short Sea Shipping Workshop, Orlando, FL, April 19Ł20, 2007. Avail-
able at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/nsrp-pdmt-short-
sea-shipping-workshop-april-19-20-2007-presentations/3B_Presti_Operator_Perspective.pdf as
of July 1, 2009.
This presentation describes the attempts of National Shipping of America to establish a ser-
vice between Freeport, TX, and Chester, PA. It describes the obstacles faced by shippers using
rail or truck services between these two markets and how NSA's service can overcome them. It
also describes the "sales points" it is using to promote its service and gives a detailed description
of the vessel NSA plans to use.
Potential Impact of Short Sea Shipping in the Southern California Region. Prepared for
METRANS by Hanh Dam Le-Griffin and James E. Moore II, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, February 2006. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-
sea-shipping/04-04_Final_southern%20california.pdf as of July 27, 2009.
This study evaluates the potential of SSS in the context of the West Coast. This evaluation finds
that SSS could be a viable strategy within a regional port system. It identifies opportunities for
redirecting empty container flows to secondary ports, as well as with international movements
to and from the manufacturing areas on the U.S.-Mexico border. The use of Ro/Ro vessels was
determined to be suitable for initial operations.
Potential Policies and Incentives to Encourage Movement of Containerized Freight on
Texas Inland Waterways. Report 0-5937-1. C. James Kruse, and Curtis A. Morgan, Texas Trans-
portation Institute, Texas A&M University, and Nathan Hutson, Center for Transportation
Research, University of Texas for Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX, March 2009.
Available at http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5937-1.pdf as of July 7, 2009.
This report is designed to answer three basic questions: (1) Why is the Texas Department of
Transportation (TxDOT) interested in moving more cargo by water? (2) What are the potential
benefits of moving more cargo by water? (3) What specific steps can TxDOT or the State of Texas
take to encourage more waterborne freight movements? In this report, the authors describe the
need for increased utilization of marine freight options, look at the challenges involved, and
describe the potential benefits of increasing the utilization of marine freight options. The authors
OCR for page 83
provide a summary of relevant programs in Europe and the activities of other gulf states. The report
recommends several steps TxDOT could pursue in the short term to encourage more waterborne
shipments along the coast.
Several appendices provide detailed background material on federal issues, legislation, the
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, and the role of waterborne freight in Texas.
Potential Short Sea Shipping Market for the West Coast. Remarks by Bill Kruse, TranSystems/
Manalytics International, San Francisco, CA at NSRP PDMT Short Sea Shipping Workshop,
Orlando, FL, April 19-20, 2007. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-
Kruse_Markets.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
These remarks discuss a study of shippers and intermediaries regarding their perceptions on
SSS. Listed are the barriers that were identified and what might be done to encourage more SSS
is mentioned.
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing the
Second "Marco Polo" Programme for the Granting of Community Financial Assistance to
Improve the Environmental Performance of the Freight Transport System ("Marco Polo II")
(COM/2004/0478 final--COD 2004/0157). European Parliament, August 6, 2009. Available
at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexplus!prod!DocNumber&lg=
EN&type_doc=COMfinal&an_doc=2004&nu_doc=0478 as of January 4, 2010.
Relying on the proven mechanisms of the current Marco Polo Program, the commission pro-
poses two new types of action: Motorways of the Sea and Traffic Avoidance. The objective is to
reduce international road freight. Marco Polo II also enlarges the scope of the program to all
neighbors of the European Union. It stresses the role of rail freight and clarifies the scope for cer-
tain infrastructure measures. Based on an independent ex-ante evaluation, the commission pro-
poses an overall budgetary envelope of 740 million EUR for the period 2007Ł2013, i.e., roughly
106 million EUR per year. This will shift more than 140 billion tonne-kilometres of freight off
the road (equivalent to 7 million truck journeys of 1000 kilometres) and will reduce CO2 emis-
sions by 8400 million kg.
Putting Marine Highways on the Map. Presentation by Paul Bea, Coastwise Coalition/PHB
Public Affairs, Washington, D.C., to Short Sea Shipping Symposium (UMass Dartmouth),
March 26Ł27, 2008. Available at http://www.umassd.edu/sustainability/bea.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This presentation puts forth several federal policy changes the Coastwise Coalition believes
are important to the success of SSS.
Reducing Freight Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the California Corridor: The Potential
of Short Sea Shipping. Paper presented by B. Zou, M. Smirti, and M. Hansen, University of
California at Berkley, at Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.,
January 2009. Available at http://www.uctc.net/papers/856.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
The authors claim that an SSS service on the West Coast is justifiable from both demand and
operational perspectives. They state that reliability is key to the SSS's market penetration. The
economic potential of SSS is dependent on carrier-based efforts, but government intervention
can incentivize its development.
Restructuring the Marine Transportation Industry: Global Overview of Sustainable Develop-
ment Practices. C. Comtois, Centre for Research on Transportation, Universitķ de Montrķal, Mon-
treal, QC, Canada, and B. Slack, Centre for Research on Transportation, Concordia University,
Montreal, QC, Canada, for MinistĶre des Transport Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada, April 2007.
Available at http://www.mtq.gouv.qc.ca/portal/page/portal/Librairie/Publications/en/ministere/
etudes/rtq0701.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
The focus of this study is sustainable development practices, but one chapter focuses specifi-
cally on short sea shipping. It describes the operational challenges confronting SSS as an indus-
try. The authors include regulatory issues (tax, documentation, and tolls), intermodal integration,
physical constraints, port issues, and economics from both private and public perspectives. The
study includes an analysis of the potential of SSS for the Great LakesŁSt. Lawrence Seaway system.
OCR for page 83
Short-Sea and Coastal Shipping Options Study: Final Report. Prepared for I-95 Corridor Coali-
tion by Cambridge Systematics, Cambridge, MA, November 2005. Available at http://advanced
20Coalition.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This study presents a thorough analysis of the SSS marketplace on the East Coast. It details those
ports that currently utilize SSS operations, describes the primary SSS operators, and describes the
key issues that affect SSS operations in the region. The study also details the results of more than
40 interviews with SSS stakeholders within the I-95 Corridor Coalition region, incorporating gen-
eral findings, current obstacles to SSS, the potential effects and impacts of increased SSS opera-
tions, and the potential role of MPOs, DOTs, and port authorities in promoting SSS. Using FHWA
data, it maps key flows to highlight the primary freight movements that are most applicable to SSS
operations. Finally, it details conclusions about the potential for expanded SSS operations, and
provides recommendations for potential next steps in supporting SSS activities and initiatives.
Short Sea Developments in Europe: Lessons for Canada. Mary R. Brooks, Dalhousie Univer-
sity, Halifax, NS, Canada, and James D. Frost, CPCS Transcom, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Working
Paper No. 10 for North American Transportation Competitiveness Research Council, July 2009.
Available at http://myweb.dal.ca/mrbrooks/TRC%20WP%2010.pdf as of September 10, 2009.
This paper explores the European experience from two perspectives: (1) it looks at both public-
and private-sector investment in new short sea services and in short sea service design and vessel
deployment and (2) it discusses the regulatory environment and the EU-wide promotion programs
put in place to support this investment from a public policy perspective. The paper closes with con-
clusions that may be drawn for Canadian public policy developers.
Short Sea Shipping: A Canadian Perspective. Mary R. Brooks, Dalhousie University, Halifax,
NS, Canada, and James D. Frost, MariNova Consulting Ltd., Halifax, NS, Canada. Maritime Policy
& Management, Vol. 31, No. 4, OctoberŁDecember 2004, pp. 393Ł407. Available at http://pdfserve.
informaworld.com/325805_751309485_713724044.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This paper explores the key issues with respect to further development of SSS from a Canadian
perspective. It looks at both Canadian domestic activity as well as cross-border trade with the
United States. The paper concludes with questions that Canadian policymakers need to address.
Short Sea Shipping in North America: Policy and Institutional Issues. Presentation by M.R.
Brooks and J.R.F. Hodgson, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, and J.D. Frost, MariNova
Consulting Ltd., Halifax, NS, Canada, to North American Marine Conference, Vancouver, BC,
April 19, 2006. Available at http://www.tc.gc.ca/policy/acf/shortseaS/namc2006/brooks.pdf as of
July 1, 2009.
Six policy issues are presented and discussed. Among the most pertinent to this NCFRP study
are (1) U.S. Harbor Maintenance Tax, (2) modal differences in Customs notice requirements,
and (3) resistance to modal switching.
Short Sea Shipping in North America: Understanding the Requirements of Atlantic Canadian
Shippers. M.R. Brooks and Valerie Trifts, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. Maritime
Policy & Management, Vol. 35, No. 2, April 2008, pp.145Ł258.
This paper builds a model to explain how shippers purchase freight transportation services and
then, using that model, examines how they make choices between service options in order to pre-
dict how they will likely make choices when faced with a new transport mode option--short sea
shipping--which does not exist on the routes examined. Currently, shippers in the geographic mar-
ket use trucks as their primary transport mode because shipping lines serving global markets do not
proactively solicit the short sea business and rail shipments are very circuitous to this destination.
Short Sea Shipping Market Study. J.D. Frost, D. Hawkins, P. Morin, and R. Hodgson, MariNova
Consulting Ltd., Halifax, NS, Canada for Transport Canada, Transportation Development Centre,
Montreal, QC, Canada, September 2005. Available at http://www.tc.gc.ca/innovation/tdc/projects/
marine/a/5563.htm as of July 1, 2009.
This study was initially predicated on international container cargo moving between the
Port of Halifax and southwestern Ontario. It concludes that a short sea service based purely
OCR for page 83
on international cargo is not financially viable. Unfortunately, SSS does not offer domestic ship-
pers enough frequency for domestic shipments. A major hurdle to overcome is that of providing
uninterrupted service in winter. The report also discusses several Canadian policy and regulatory
matters. The authors suggest routes that they believe have the highest probability of success for
East Coast Canadian ports.
Short Sea Shipping on the East Coast of North America: An Analysis of Opportunities and
Issues. M.R. Brooks and J.R. Hodgson, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, and J.D. Frost,
MariNova Consulting Ltd., Halifax, NS, Canada, March 31, 2006. Available at http://advanced-
maritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/ShortSeaShipping_dalhousie.pdf as of
July 1, 2009.
This study analyzes four key aspects of SSS: the demand for the service, shipper requirements,
commercial potential, and the business and regulatory climate. It identifies four potential mar-
kets, although the traffic flow is significantly imbalanced. It discusses what shippers want in terms
of transit time, customs procedures, pricing, and the Harbor Maintenance Tax. It analyzes vessel
requirements and notes the lack of availability of suitable vessels. It suggests that partnering with
trucking interests would be an effective way to develop such a service. Finally, it addresses policy
and regulatory issues.
Short Sea Shipping Port Probability Study. Commissioned by Canaveral Port Authority.
Prepared by Maritime Transport & Logistics Advisors, LLC, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, March 4, 2005.
This study addresses the U.S. Department of Transportation's recent focus on the Marine
Transportation System, SSS, and a national transportation policy that involves all modes of
travel; the State of Florida's Strategic Intermodal System; and the Port Authority of New York
and New Jersey's Port Inland Distribution Network (PIDN), which was operating at the time of
the study. The study includes the results of interviews of key transportation sectors and chapters
on new technologies, geographic considerations, operational results, and new initiatives.
Short Sea Shipping (S3) Roadmap. John Malone and Matthew P. Tedesco, Seattle, WA, Sep-
tember 30, 2007. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/
Final%20Roadmap.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This document is the final deliverable under the National Shipbuilding Research Program
(NSRP) project entitled "Shipbuilding Opportunities in Short Sea Shipping." The document
proposes investment areas and tasks to (1) engage U.S. shipbuilders in the advancement of SSS as
a potential market, (2) provide benefit to U.S. commercial shipbuilding in general, and (3) pro-
vide benefit to U.S. Navy ship construction programs. The analysis is limited to tasks that are
within the scope and charter of the NSRP.
Short Sea Shipping Workshop: Current State Document. Prepared for National Shipbuilding
Research Program by John Malone and Matthew P. Tedesco, Seattle, WA, April 2007. Available at
http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/current_state_pdf.pdf as
of July 1, 2009.
This document was prepared as a discussion guide for the National Shipbuilding Research
Program Short Sea Shipping Workshop held in Orlando in April 2007. Among the items dis-
cussed are regulatory and legislative considerations directly related to the development of SSS.
Short-Sea Vessel Service and Harbor Maintenance Tax. National Ports and Waterways Insti-
tute, University of New Orleans, October 2005. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.
aticorp.org/short-sea-shipping/HMT.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This paper makes the case for the exemption of SSS services from the Harbor Maintenance
Tax. It provides some in-depth analysis of the effect the HMT has on the cost structure of SSS
services and looks at how much the proposed exemption would affect federal revenues.
Statement of Collister Johnson, Jr. Statement by the Administrator, Saint Lawrence Seaway
Development Corporation, Washington, D.C., before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and
Maritime Transportation, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, U.S. House of Rep-
resentatives, February 15, 2007. Available at http://transportation.house.gov/Media/File/Coast%
20Guard/20070215/SLSDC%20SSS%20Johnson.doc as of July 1, 2009.
OCR for page 83
These remarks focus on (among other things) the idea of reducing cross-border congestion
and the concept of increasing Great Lakes cross-shipments. They specifically identify the bar-
riers of the Harbor Maintenance Tax and U.S. Customs regulations as the two most signifi-
cant obstacles.
Study on Potential Hub-and-Spoke Container Transhipment Operations in Eastern Canada
for Marine Movements of Freight (Short Sea Shipping). Prepared for Transport Canada by James
Frost and Marc-Andrķ Roy, CPCS Transcom Limited, April 2007. Available at http://www.tc.
gc.ca/policy/report/acf/tp14876/menu.htm as of September 10, 2009.
The objectives of this study were to (1) improve the understanding of existing container hub-
and-spoke operations and the factors contributing to their success, (2) situate regional SSS move-
ments in the international hub-and-spoke container context, (3) identify and evaluate the success
of existing and potential future SSS initiatives on the East Coast of Canada, including opportuni-
ties at the design stage of freight movements, and (4) gauge the advantages, disadvantages, and
perceptions of SSS on the East Coast of Canada.
Testimony Regarding Maritime Administration Title XI Loan Guarantee Program. Testi-
mony by H. Clayton Cook, Jr., Seward & Kissel LLP, Washington, D.C., before the Subcommittee
on Seapower and Expeditionary Forces, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. House of Represen-
tatives, March 15, 2007. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-
shipping/HAS%20031507%20FNL%20PKG%20%282%29.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This testimony explains the need for better long-term financing for the purchasers of U.S.-built
vessels. It supports the Title XI program and offers a few modifications that, in the opinion of the
author, would make the program more effective.
The Abandoned Ocean: A History of United States Maritime Policy. A. Gibson and
A. Donovan, University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC, 2000.
This book provides background on the legal framework for domestic marine transportation in
the United States and the domestic shipbuilding industry. It explains, in proper historical detail,
the original rationale behind many of the policies that govern maritime policy in the United States
and, as such, provides a framework for assessing the extent to which the basic conditions under-
pinning those policies have changed. It also ties together changes in maritime policy with other
modes of transportation as well as the confluence of military with commercial interests.
The Competitiveness of Short Sea Shipping in Multimodal Logistics Supply Chains: Ser-
vice Attributes. Ana C. Paixao Casaca and Peter B. Marlow, Transport and Shipping Research
Group, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Maritime Policy & Management, Vol. 32,
No. 4, OctoberŁDecember 2005, pp. 363Ł382 Available at http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/
382436_751309485_727771787.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This paper identifies service attributes of short shipping operations that are most important
to the success of such operations. It provides a good overview of current European logistics, the
European SSS industry, and issues that are important to the success of SSS ventures.
The Development of Short Sea Shipping in the United States. Comments submitted by
S.P. Flott, Chairman, SeaBridge Inc., Arlington, VA, before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard
and Maritime Transportation, Committee on Transportation & Infrastructure, U.S. House
of Representatives, February 15, 2007. Available at http://transportation.house.gov/hearings/
Testimony.aspx?TID=5460&NewsID=32 as of July 1, 2009.
The comments describe the plans of Seabridge, Inc. to introduce high-speed, scheduled, long-
haul roll-on/roll-off freight and passenger ferry services between major population centers along
the East and Gulf Coasts, using an innovative vessel design and state-of-the-art port facilities.
Also discussed is the idea of teaming with long-haul truckers to develop the service.
The Development of Short Sea Shipping in the United States. Statement of Gregg M. Ward, Vice
President, DetroitŁWindsor Truck Ferry, Detroit, MI, before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard
and Maritime Transportation, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, U.S. House
of Representatives, February 15, 2007. Available at http://transportation.house.gov/Media/File/
Coast%20Guard/20070215/Ward.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
OCR for page 83
These remarks discuss the experience of the DetroitŁWindsor Truck Ferry. Mr. Ward makes
the claim that the Harbor Maintenance Fee is the single most important barrier the operation
faces. He also notes the double collection of agriculture and quarantine inspection fees from
the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal, and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).
Other obstacles include Canadian customs policies, Canadian icebreaking fees, and the lack of
transparency of hazardous materials crossing the DetroitŁWindsor bridge. He suggests specific
measures Congress should investigate.
The Development of Short Sea Shipping the United States: A dynamic Alternative. Thesis
submitted by Peter H. Connor to the Department of Ocean Engineering, Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2004. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33427 as
of July 7, 2009.
This paper takes a look at the current uses of SSS in the United States, as well as the system
used in Europe. The technology associated with this concept is described and high-speed vessel
design is investigated. Issues related to the integration of SSS are examined, including customer
requirements, capital financing, and government policy.
The Economics of Motorways of the Sea. Alfred J. Baird, Maritime Research Group, Napier
University Transport Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Maritime Policy and Man-
agement, Vol. 34, No. 4, August 2007, pp. 287Ł310. Available at http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/
32732_751309485_781383776.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
There is a mismatch whereby transport policy throughout Europe accepts the continued state
financing of roadway and railway infrastructure but not seaway infrastructure. The author argues
that the seaway-equivalent infrastructure of roadways and railways is the deck of a ship. This
argument is convincing for a number of reasons, not least because it is relatively easily demon-
strated that the sea itself is anything but a free highway (if indeed it is a highway at all), whereas
ports simply act as nodes, not as transport platforms. Acknowledgement of what actually com-
prises seaway infrastructure could have far-reaching implications for the future attractiveness
and competitiveness of maritime transport, and should result in more adequate policy mecha-
nisms being introduced to help overcome market distortions and ensure a level playing field
between sea and land transport.
The Future of Intermodal Transportation in Memphis and the Mid-South Region (Confer-
ence). Presentation by Craig Philip, CEO, Ingram Barge Company, November 9, 2007. Available at
cep.ppt as of July 1, 2009.
This presentation discusses the types of markets and commodities that are most suited for
a new container-on-barge venture. Transit times and schedule reliability are presented as fac-
tors the barge industry can deal with successfully. The presentation closes with several visuals
of the work Ingram Barge has done in transporting containers of rubber from New Orleans to
Paducah, KY.
The Harbor Maintenance Tax & Congestion Relief. American Association of Port Authorities,
Alexandria, VA, September 1, 2005. Available at http://www.aapa-ports.org/files/PDFs/HMT_
Coastwise_Paper_01Sept05.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This brief white paper advocates the exemption of domestic shipping from the Harbor Main-
tenance Tax and provides some financial justification for doing so.
The Impact of the Trans-European Transport Networks on the Development of Short Sea
Shipping. Ana C. Paixao Casaca and Peter B. Marlow, Transport and Shipping Research Group,
Cardiff Business School, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Maritime Economics & Logistics, Vol. 9, No. 4,
December 2007, pp. 302Ł323. Available at http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/680014_751309485_
791807242.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This paper assesses the impact of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T) on SSS.
To achieve this, the paper describes the SSS market segment, puts the TEN-T policy into a
historical perspective, and carries out an assessment of the impact of the TEN-T on SSS. One
interesting finding is that although capital has traditionally been seen as the main barrier to
OCR for page 83
entering into this industry, shipping skills and industry knowledge are becoming the new bar-
riers to overcome.
The Jones Act: An Overview. John F. Frittelli, Congressional Research Service, Washington,
D.C., July 8, 2003.
This report provides a brief overview and history of the Jones Act. It discusses the arguments
that both proponents and critics make regarding the Jones Act.
The Present and Future of the St. Lawrence-Great Lakes Waterway: What are the issues? J.C.
Lasserre, Professor, Universitķ LumiĶre Lyon 2, Lyon, France, for Transportation Development
Centre, Safety and Security, Transport Canada, August 1997. Available at http://www.tc.gc.ca/
innovation/tdc/publication/pdf/13000/13085e.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
Although not the focus of the paper, marine highways are mentioned in the paper and it pro-
vides insight into the attempts of Manchester Lines to provide a marine highway service from
Towards a Short Sea Shipping Strategy. Presentation by Rick Bryant, British Columbia Cham-
ber of Shipping, Vancouver, BC, Canada, to North American Marine Conference, Vancouver, BC,
Canada, April 20, 2008. Available at http://www.tc.gc.ca/policy/acf/shortseaS/namc2006/bryant.pdf
as of July 1, 2009.
This presentation provides a list of recommendations the Chamber of Shipping believes
should be advanced to promote SSS. Recommendations range from marketing to regulatory to
taxation issues.
Twin Ports Intermodal Freight Terminal Study: Evaluation of Shipper Requirements and
Potential Cargo Required to Establish a Rail-Truck-Marine Intermodal Terminal in the
Twin Ports of Superior, Wisconsin and Duluth, Minnesota. Richard D. Stewart, University of
WisconsinŁSuperior; Robert J. Eger III, University of WisconsinŁMilwaukee; and Libby Ogard
and Frank Harder, Tioga Group and Associates, Philadelphia, PA, July 15, 2003. Available at
%20FINAL.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This study examines the potential for an intermodal freight terminal in the metropolitan areas of
Duluth, MN, and Superior, WI (Twin Ports). Geographic regions in the United States and Canada
are assessed for potential intermodal cargo. Existing intermodal terminals in comparable metro-
politan areas are examined and key success factors derived. Major shippers in the region are sur-
veyed to determine freight volume, transportation requirements, and destinations of inbound and
outbound freight. Intermodal marketing companies and other third-party providers are surveyed
to determine their requirements for an intermodal freight terminal. Reebie (Transearch«) freight
flow data between 66 business economic areas (BEAs, which are areas designated by the Depart-
ment of Commerce; each BEA typically represents a major economic center--e.g., there are six
BEAs in Iowa) and the Twin Ports were analyzed for freight volume by mode, destinations, lanes,
and load balance. The establishment of a Ro/Ro marine service with Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada,
is examined as a feeder for an intermodal terminal. Operating railyards in the Twin Ports are cata-
loged and evaluated as potential intermodal terminals. An overall determination of the Twin Port's
suitability as an intermodal terminal is presented along with recommendations for implementation.
U.S. Short Sea Shipping: Prospects and Opportunities. Submitted to Short Sea Shipping Coop-
erative by G.A. Lombardo and C.Q. Guan, Center for Maritime Studies, United States Merchant
Marine Academy, Kings Point, NY, and R.F. Mulligan, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee,
NC, November 1, 2004. Available at http://advancedmaritimetechnology.aticorp.org/short-sea-
shipping/SSS%20Prospects%20and%20Opportunities%20-%20USMMA.pdf as of July 1, 2009.
This study conducts an economic analysis of SSS, examining the cost of building a mono-hull
Ro/Ro vessel and the resultant required freight rate for profitable operations. Informed stakehold-
ers were surveyed about the internal and external factors affecting the operations of SSS services.
An assessment of port terminal infrastructure needs is presented. Brief discussions of military appli-
cations and public policy considerations are offered. One recommendation is for operators to form
strategic alliances with trucking companies who could ship a portion of their cargoes via sea.
OCR for page 83
Periodical References
AMPAC Opens West Coast Feeder Service with High Hopes, B. Johnson, Container News,
February 1980.
At the Cross Roads, C.G. Raymond, Horizon Lines, Inc., Marine Log, July 2008.
Barge Ahead, B. Fenimore, Traffic World, July 26, 2004.
Barge Operators Seek Preemption, Traffic World, Vol. 269, No. 15, April 4, 2005.
Barging to Bridgeport, Traffic World, Vol. 269, No. 26, June 27, 2005.
Big Things on the Horizon? J. Keefe, Marine Executive, February 2008.
Breaking into the Jones Act, C. Gillis, American Shipper, Vol. 50, No. 9, September 2008.
Building Bridges: Will citizens support infrastructure development? Gulf Shipper, September 10,
Cabotage Ups and Downs, M. Fabey, Traffic World, December 4, 2000.
Continuing to Advance, B. McKeil, Great Lakes Seaway Review, Vol. 35, No. 1, July/Sept. 2006.
CSX Expecting to Discover Profitable Sailing with One-Stop Shipping, Globe and Mail, May 11,
Double-Stacking to Alaska, Cargo Systems International, Vol. 14, No. 1, January 1987.
Falling Short? D.K. Dupont, Work Boat, pp. 40Ł42, June 2007.
Fla. Rep. Proposes Tax Relief to Benefit Short-Sea Shippers, T. Reddy, Transport Topics No. 3650,
American Trucking Association, August 1, 2005.
Great Lakes May Get New Tug-Barge System, Globe and Mail, April 3, 1980.
Great Lakes Short Sea Shipping and the Domestic Cargo-Carrying Fleet, J.K. Higginson and
T. Dumitrascu, Transportation Journal, Vol. 46, No. 1, Winter 2007.
Halifax, Seaway Talk Short Sea. T. Peters, Journal of Commerce Online, March 10, 2009.
Highway Congestion? Think Water! K. Wykle, Defense Transportation Journal, Vol. 61, No. 5,
September 2005.
Intermodalism: More on Short Sea Shipping. D. Letteney, World Wide Shipping, Vol. 67, No. 5,
July 2004, pp. 10Ł11.
Lake Vessels Are Not Dead Yet, Globe and Mail, May 3, 1980.
Marine Highway Gets $750k Boost, Record, San Joaquin, CA, August 15, 2009.
Marketing Barge Feeder Service Is a Tough Job, American Shipper, No. 11, November 1987.
Missing the Boat, Journal of Commerce, Vol. 5, No. 43, October 25, 2004.
Modern Tonnage, J.I. Pung, Great Lakes Seaway Review, Vol. 35, No. 3, January/March 2007.
Moran Container Services Suspends Operation, American Shipper, Vol. 27, No. 10, October
Nanaimo Prepares Port for Containers, Globe and Mail, September 4, 1984.
P&O Lured by Rhine's Siren Song: Tempus, Times (London), February 23, 1989.
Pushing for Short Sea, A. Natter, Traffic World, Vol. 271, No. 28, July 16, 2007.
Roadblock? R.G. Edmonson, Journal of Commerce, May 03, 2004.
Rollin' on the River, John Reid Blackwell, Richmond-Times-Dispatch, December 8, 2008.
Ro-Ro Ontario Gets New Site for Service Terminal at N.Y., Globe and Mail, July 17, 1980.
SCOOP Promotes Short-Sea Shipping, R. Mottley, American Shipper, March 2004.
Seabridge Believes in Ferries, C. Dupin, American Shipper, Vol. 48, No. 12, December 2006.
Shakeout in Container Barge Feeder Service, American Shipper, Vol. 30, No. 3, March 1988.
Ships for Inland Waterways, BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, October 23, 1981.
Short Haul, P. Glass, Work Boat, December 2004.
Shortsea Shortchanged? Z. Double, Containerisation International, 2004.
Short Sea on Horizon, P.T. Leach and W.B. Cassity, Traffic World, Vol. 271, No. 40, October 8,
Short Shrift for Short-Sea? Traffic World, Vol. 270, No. 30, July 24, 2006.
Special Report: Jones Act Trades, Marine Digest, July 2001.
Trailer Bridge Plans NY/Florida Service, American Shipper, July 1997.
OCR for page 83
Truck Line Begins Container-Barge Service: Port East Transfer Expands Transportation Services
to Northeast Coast Waterways, Container News, Vol. 20, No. 5, May 1985.
Truckers Getting Their Feet Wet in Quest for Cheaper Transport, Globe and Mail, April 19, 1985.
U.S. Harbor Maintenance Tax: A Bad Idea Whose Time has Passed? R.K. Skalberg, Transporta-
tion Journal, Vol. 46, No. 3, June 22, 2007.
Using Barges to Revive a Rail Route, New York Times, May 4, 1986.
West Coast Lumber Barges Return, American Shipper, Vol. 29, No. 1, January 1987.


text:
Bruce Schneier | ||||||||||||
Schneier on SecurityA blog covering security and security technology. « WiFi Cracking Kits | Main | I Was Named as One of the Top 10 Science and Technology Writers » May 7, 2010 Cory Doctorow Gets PhishedIt can happen to anyone: Here's how I got fooled. On Monday, I unlocked my Nexus One phone, installing a new and more powerful version of the Android operating system that allowed me to do some neat tricks, like using the phone as a wireless modem on my laptop. In the process of reinstallation, I deleted all my stored passwords from the phone. I also had a couple of editorials come out that day, and did a couple of interviews, and generally emitted a pretty fair whack of information. The whole story is worth reading. Posted on May 7, 2010 at 6:56 AM • 45 Comments To receive these entries once a month by e-mail, sign up for the Crypto-Gram Newsletter. Commentsbob • May 7, 2010 7:29 AM This is just like an aircraft accident. Its a chain of reasonably innocuous events occurring which normally don't occur, and any one event not occurring would have broken the chain and prevented the accident. If it hadnt gotten foggy, if the taxiways hadnt been full, if the other plane hadnt blocked the exit, if they had not added 50,000# of fuel just before takeoff, if they hadnt been confused about which exit ramp to use, if the captain hadnt been the top dog at the airline for 30 years, if english had been the native language of the participants, if two transmitters had not transmitted on the radio at the same time then it would have been "holy crap did you see what almost happened!" instead of "Oh @#$!" (followed by a loud noise). But it makes me feel better to know it could happen to someone like CD. Makes me wonder why my slow-to-patch IE7/XP box that I surf porn and download cracks with all night doesnt get owned MORE often than it does. Shadowchaser • May 7, 2010 8:13 AM OK, from the post above it's not clear what happened (well the cause is clear, but I wonder what was next) and link is down, so I feel a little disappointed. Matěj Cepl • May 7, 2010 8:14 AM Fortunately Google Cache has it ... http://preview.tinyurl.com/25cmgov Jakub Narębski • May 7, 2010 8:46 AM Doesn't original Twitter (or whatever site was phished) login site use SSL? Unless phishing site acquired valid SSL certificate *and* the web browser doesn't display the organization the certificate is for (or there is NUL character bug of in SSL certificate parser in web browser)... Nick Coghlan • May 7, 2010 8:49 AM I thought he was pretty clear about the outcome - when he saw where the phished password was going, he immediately sat down and started changing his password on every site where he had used that password (including Twitter). There wasn't enough time for the attackers to actually exploit the password he had inadvertently given them. On the "for want of a nail" aspect, it was interesting to read the recent Dutch report on last year's Turkish Airlines crash in the Netherlands (http://www.ntsb.gov/aviation/Netherlands-EHAM.htm). Not directly security related, but very much a matter of a combination of circumstances leading to a fatal crash. Arkh • May 7, 2010 8:52 AM IIRC you once linked to a paper which said that the easier people to con are those who knows a lot about the trade. Because they think their knowledge protect them. peri • May 7, 2010 9:02 AM I wanted to add this quote from the story: "But all the stars aligned for that one moment, and in that exact and precise moment of vulnerability, I was attacked by a phisher. This is eerily biological, this idea of parasites trying every conceivable variation, at all times, on every front, seeking a way to colonize a host organism. The net's complex ecosystem is so crowded with parasites now that it is a sure bet that there will be a parasite lurking in the next vulnerable moment I experience, and the next. And I will have vulnerable moments. We all do." Brandioch Conner • May 7, 2010 9:42 AM Remember people, change your passwords occasionally. There are so many attack vectors that anyone can be hit ...eventually. chris • May 7, 2010 9:58 AM >The message read "Is this you????" and was followed by one of those ubiquitous shortened URLs that consist of a domain and a short code, like this: http://owl.ly/iuefuew. i'm not the only one thinking his first mistake was failing to identify this as spam/scam, right? i guess twitter has a certain hostile effect toward one's security scrutiny. Rich Wilson • May 7, 2010 10:12 AM @Brandioch, how would changing passwords every once in a while help in this case? I rather suspect you will be alerted to the phish by the balance of your bank account long before you get around to changing your passwords on your own. AppSec • May 7, 2010 10:19 AM I know other URLs are spoofable, but this is just one of the reasons I don't click on obfuscated URLs. Brandioch Conner • May 7, 2010 10:35 AM @Rich Wilson By allowing him the chances to remember NOT to use the same password on systems that have become more important to him. Rich Wilson • May 7, 2010 10:51 AM I just don't use the same password on accounts that are important to me. Seems a lot easier. Sometimes adding complexity adds risk of mistake. bob • May 7, 2010 11:09 AM @Henning: Exactly. It was so horrific its easy to remember a lot of details to pontificate upon ad hoc. Actually the thing I found most striking (although this was after the actual crash occurred) was the fact that there was no verbal communications between the tower and the fire crews, just an alarm. So when the fire crews drove down the (fog-shrouded) runway and came to a flaming airplane (the one which had actually gotten airborne however briefly and thus no one survived), they simply stopped and started putting it out and they didnt realize there was ANOTHER one (the one with potential survivors) until 20 minutes later. @Matej, anon: there's something Schroedinger-ish about a tinyURL link to an article which may or may not be warning you about careless clicking of links, but you wont know til you click it... GSE • May 7, 2010 11:13 AM I like how he describes the stars aligning to result in a successful phishing attempt. It's an insightful analysis of a situation that makes me really believe that it could happen to me, as opposed to nonspecific warnings that "even smart people can fall victim if they are unlucky". I think that the more experienced you are the more stars have to align to make an attack like this work. In this case the biggest 'stars' were the small smartphone screen and the distractions that caused him to not be as vigilant as he might normally be. Others might only need the distractions and fall for it in spite of being able to see the whole URL on a larger screen. Or they might fall for it even though they were already logged into Twitter and shouldn't have had any reason to log back in. Expertise may not be a panacea, but lack of expertise makes you much more vulnerable. Grande Mocha • May 7, 2010 11:15 AM @CyberBob Cory Doctorow is a an award winning Science Fiction author and advocate against DRM. He's released his own works under the Creative Commons license to promote better copyright laws. He's also know in tech circles because of his Boing Boing blog. @wiredog Why the animosity toward Doctorow? BF Skinner • May 7, 2010 11:49 AM @wiredog 'Hope his bank account got vacuumed' "But I'm not one of those naifs." I consider Humility (along with ethics) as necessary controls on human behavior. "before I started strictly using long, random strings that I couldn't remember for passwords" "kissed my wife goodbye" "If I'd been ten minutes later..." It's only when people stop breathing fast and think about what's likely and what's not. Did the behavior change? Kinda puts people in the habit of feeding passwords. 'Good news! your child porn is on the way in the mail! Click here if you want to cancel your order!' ---- BF Skinner • May 7, 2010 11:52 AM And he's rude about parasites. If our cells handn't been parasited by mitochondria we'd all still be mats of green slime everywhere.
Powered by Movable Type. Photo at top by Per Ervland.
Schneier.com is a personal website. Opinions expressed are not necessarily those of Co3 Systems, Inc. |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
First Aid & Emergencies
Home Treatment
First aid for fishhook injuries includes the following:
- Stop the bleeding . Wash your hands and put pressure on the wound for 15 minutes.
- Know the steps to remove the fishhook, such as cutting the fishing line and applying ice to numb the area. Then determine if the barb is in the skin.
- Clean the cut or puncture wound after the fishhook has been removed. Wash your hands, and rinse the wound for 10 to 15 minutes with mild soap and water.
- Evaluate your need for stitches. If the wound is large, deep, or opens with movement, it probably needs stitches.
- Bandage the wound if you need to protect it from getting dirty or irritated. Clean the wound well before bandaging it to reduce the risk of infection.
Try a nonprescription medicine to help treat your fever or pain: |
Talk to your child's doctor before switching back and forth between doses of acetaminophen and ibuprofen. When you switch between two medicines, there is a chance your child will get too much medicine. |
Be sure to follow these safety tips when you use a nonprescription medicine: |
Symptoms to watch for during home treatment
Call your doctor if any of the following occur during home treatment:
- Numbness and tingling develop below the site of the injury.
- Pale, white, blue, or cold skin develops below the site of the injury.
- Symptoms of a skin infection develop, such as redness, swelling, or pus.
- Symptoms become more frequent or severe.
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise
Last Updated:
April 22, 2013
This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor.
Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this
© 1995-2014 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
Today on WebMD
Health Insurance in Your State
Learn about plans, benefits, and costs in your state's Marketplace.
WebMD the app
Get first aid information. Whenever. Wherever... with your iPhone, iPad or Android.
Find Out More


text:
Wycliffe: Season 2, Episode 6Happy Families (23 Jul. 1995) 6.9
Schoolgirl Ruth Penrose's body is found locked in a cupboard in a science lab by the caretaker, whose son Danny was seemingly her only friend. He goes missing after Ruth's twin Sheena has ... See full summary » Director:Steve Goldie |
0Share... |


text:
The University of Delaware's Career Service Center does not support or endorse any specific website listed. Some sites are fee based and your personal information may be shared with third parties.
The Riley Guide to Employment Opportunities and Job Resources on the Internet is compiled by Margaret F. Riley Dikel. Includes direct links to a bibliography of specialized sites. Be sure to check the "A to Z" Index.


text:
You're leaving Wedding Paper Divas to see the Deal of the Day at our parent site, Tiny Prints.
"The Invitations were perfect, service was fantastic very accomadating to making small changes to personalize our invitations to suit our needs! So so happy"
"I ordered these invites for my December wedding and am so happy with the final product! I was able to add customization with the font color to have it better fit into my winter wedding theme. The card stock is sturdy and I love the design on the back too! Adds a little special touch."
"These invites turned out perfectly. I love the ecru textured paper. We also ordered the response card and reception card. I only wish that we could have moved around the text for the response cards ourselves as opposed to having to communicate with a designer via email."
"This card was the perfect choice to capture the spirit of our wedding, especially with text and color that I personalized for our event. The plum is a nice shade of warm purple (more red than blue). I was extremely pleased with the quality of both the paper and printing - thermography was beautiful and well applied (clean, crisp with no cracks, chips, skips, etc.). Even the William Arthur packaging was very high quality. The Wedding Paper Divas team was great, orders arrived before the date specified and even included a few overprints for free. Highly recommend this card and Wedding Paper Divas, overall. Great value, especially if you can take advantage of a promotion."
"This was a great experience in ordering my wedding invitations. I loved that I could plug in my information and it would do the formatting for me, or I could adjust it to my liking (which I ended up doing). The process was easy and painless. The personalized proof came within a day and the corrected proof (I messed up the color) came within a few hours. After the proof was approved by me, it was printed and arrived at my house in exactly 1 week! That was amazing. We ordered the Double-Thick paper for our invitations and the Signature Matte for our Reply cards. They are both so great. Everyone that we have shown has adored them. I can't wait to send them out in a few weeks!!"


text:
Latest Batch of Add-Ons
We've just added three new premium add-ons to the TubePress Marketplace that we're excited to share with you.
- Vimeo All Access
Provides TubePress with enhanced access to your Vimeo Plus or PRO account, thus allowing TubePress to work with private Vimeo videos. This is particularly useful if you'd like to hide your videos from display on vimeo.com and only show them on your TubePress-powered site. - Flexible Thumbnail Rows
Automatically adjusts the height of thumbnail rows in TubePress galleries, ensuring that the metadata (runtime, title, description, etc) for each video is completely visible. Without this add-on, TubePress uses a fixed height for the thumbnail rows, and any metadata that is taller than the row will be cut off. - QuickPlay
Replaces video thumbnail images with fully-functional embedded video players. Among other things, this allows your users to watch your videos right within the context of your gallery.
Purchase of any add-on comes with a full year of upgrades. Keep an eye on the TubePress Marketplace as we'll be adding more add-ons over the coming months.
Read MoreIntroducing TubePress Express
Today we are delighted to introduce our newest product - TubePress Express
What's TubePress Express?
TubePress Express is a cloud-hosted version of TubePress Pro. You get all the features of TubePress Pro, and any other add-ons created by us at TubePress LLC. TubePress Express is point-and-click simple to use. No downloads, no installation, and a fully graphical configuration that even your grandmother would find fun! But don't let all this simplicity fool you – TubePress Express is just as powerful as the downloadable versions of TubePress Pro.
Any website. Any device. No exceptions.
Embed your videos inside any website using a simple <iframe/>
snippet. TubePress Express plays your videos perfectly, regardless of screen size, browser, or OS. With TubePress Express, TubePress is no longer confined to WordPress or PHP based sites.
Risk-Free Trial and Promotional Pricing
Try TubePress Express free for 30 days. For a limited time, use coupon code WELCOME2EXPRESS
for 50% off any of any TubePress Express pricing plan. Cancel anytime.
Log in now and give Express a try! We are eager to here your feedback, so please comment and post questions in the TubePress Express forum.
Read MoreTubePress 3.1.3 Released
TubePress 3.1.3 has just been released! This is another maintenance update which fixes a few bugs and upgrades TubePress's underlying libraries. The full changelog can be found here. We recommend that all users upgrade.
Download your copy of TubePress 3.1.3 today!
Read MoreTubePress 3.1.2 Released
Today we are pleased to announce the immediate availability of TubePress 3.1.2. This version is primarily a maintenance release: squashing a handful of bugs of varying degrees. But we've also thrown in a few new features including …
Redesigned Options GUI
The TubePress options page for WordPress has stagnated for some time. We spruced it up and made it responsive so it works well on just about any device.
"Smart" Sort Order
TubePress can now choose the best sort order for your videos based on the video source. For instance, if you are showing videos from your YouTube channel, TubePress will show your videos in the same order they're posted. Or if your gallery is a Vimeo search-based gallery, the videos will show up in order of relevance.
We're referring to this as the "default" search order. To activate it, simply use orderBy="default"
in your TubePress shortcode, or if you're using WordPress you can use the dropdown at WP Admin > Settings > TubePress > Feed > Order videos by
New Translations
We've added support for Chinese, Greek, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, and Persian. TubePress is now available in nineteen languages!
Download your copy of TubePress 3.1.2 today!
Read MoreTubePress 3.1.0 Released
Today we are happy to announce the availability of TubePress 3.1.0!
As we mentioned in the release candidate notes, this version of TubePress's flagship feature is a "boot cache" that can dramatically speed up your TubePress installation. You can enable this feature by following these directions from in our Tutorials & Recipes forum.
Please report any issues with this version in the support forum.
Thanks for using TubePress!
Download and Release Notes
Read MoreTubePress 3.1.0 – Release Candidate 1
Today we are pleased to announce the availability of TubePress 3.1.0 Release Candidate 1.
In addition to a few important bug fixes, the focus of this release has been performance. By turning on an simple and optional "boot cache," you can improve TubePress's performance by at least 400%!
We are working to document the new feature, but in the meantime we are requesting your assistance with stability testing. While TubePress 3.1.0.RC1 has been vetted thoroughly, and is currently running on all sites using TubePress for Wix, we advise you to use caution if deploying onto a production server.
Thanks for helping us test!
Download and Release Notes
Read MoreTubePress 3.0.1 Released
On the heels of its release candidate, TubePress 3.0.1 is now officially available for download.
This is primarily a maintenance release that fixes a handful of significant bugs. But TubePress 3.0.1 also introduces a faster, more modern JavaScript implementation. All TubePress users will get a free boost in client-side performance, and TubePress is now less vulnerable to bugs in other scripts. In plain English, this means that your site will load faster and will be less buggy.
Please report any issues with this version in the support forum.
Thanks for using TubePress!
Download and Release Notes
Read MoreTubePress 3.0.1 – First Release Candidate
The first release candidate of TubePress 3.0.1 is now available for download! Along with several bug fixes, the highlight of this release is a leaner and meaner JavaScript library. Client-side load times will be significantly improved due to lazy script loading, and TubePress should be much less vulnerable to bugs in other scripts loaded alongside it.
While we have tested it extensively, we do not recommend running this version of TubePress on production or busy sites.
Thanks for helping us test!
Download and Release Notes
Read MoreIntroducing TubePress for Wix
Today we are delighted to announce our newest partnership that introduces a radically new way to use TubePress. As an "app" in the Wix App Market, TubePress is now available to the millions of Wix websites. No download required!
What's Wix?
Simply put, Wix is an online platform where non-technical folks can build gorgeous and functional websites. Wix features a drag-and-drop interface, a large template library, and a focus on the latest web technologies such as HTML5 and mobile-ready designs. As of this writing, Wix customers have created a stunning 26 million websites on their platform.
The Wix App Market
Near the end of 2012, Wix introduced their own App Market – much like the app stores of Apple, Google, Amazon, etc – which opened the door for 3rd-party developers to bring their products to Wix users. With a few dozen apps so far, the new App Market is growing rapidly and includes apps from big names like Shopify, Instagram, and SoundCloud.
TubePress Pro in the Cloud
Here at TubePress we saw the Wix App Market as an opportunity to reach a huge new audience of site builders: customers that would rather not manage a WordPress or PHP based site. So we installed TubePress Pro onto a couple of cloud servers and registered the service with Wix. Voilà!
The TubePress app for Wix is point-and-click simple to use. No downloads, no installation, and a fully graphical configuration that even your grandmother would find fun! But don't let all this simplicity fool you – TubePress for Wix is just as powerful as the downloadable versions of TubePress and TubePress Pro.
We encourage you to head on over to Wix and try it out for free!
Read MoreTubePress 3.0.0 – 3rd and Final Release Candidate
TubePress 3.0.0.RC3 is now available for download! This will be the final release candidate for TubePress 3.0.0. While we still don't recommend installing it on high-traffic sites, you'll find that it's very stable.
You can find the full list of what's changed for TubePress 3.0.0 here.
Please report any issues with this version in the discussion forum. Thanks for helping us test this exciting new release!


text:
Fujitsu enters packet optical game
Fujitsu Network Communications unveiled a new packet optical networking platform this week that combines Sonet and Ethernet switching with WDM. Fujitsu's Flashwave 9500, available in the fourth quarter, offers 480 Gb/s of Sonet or native Ethernet switching — the mix determined by the user — in a quarter of a shelf. A two-degree, quarter-shelf reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer plugs directly into the chassis (upgradeable to include more degrees) with a single 10 Gb/s transponder.
Industry News
Briefing Room
The 9500 is Fujitsu's answer to products introduced by its rivals a year ago. Last summer, when Alcatel brought its 1850 Transport Service Switch to North America, Lucent Technologies unveiled its packet optical product, the Universal Packet Mux (UPM), which was to be made generally available earlier this year. Now that both the 1850 and the UPM are sold by one company, Alcatel-Lucent, analysts see the more mature 1850, which gained traction in Europe before arriving in the U.S., eclipsing the UPM. An Alcatel-Lucent spokesman this month in an e-mail called the UPM "a fairly important product going forward" but wouldn't say when it would be generally available.
Since packet optical gear is designed to help transition carrier networks from Sonet to a mix of optical and Ethernet, Fujitsu will look to leverage its considerable footprint in the Sonet and optical markets to sell the 9500. According to Ovum-RHK, Fujitsu led the nearly $3 billion North American optical transport market last year with a 20% share (combining sales of aggregation and WDM gear).
One of the selling points of the new platform is its density. While previous gear has been based on 10 Gb/s slots, each of the 9500's 24 slots are 40 Gb/s. Another differentiator is its choice of packet transport technology. While Cisco Systems is marketing IP over WDM and Nortel Networks is promoting Layer 2 provider backbone transport (PBT), Fujitsu is favoring the use of pseudowires based on MPLS. Though eventually, Fujitsu plans to support PBT and Transport-MPLS as well, it's focusing first on pseudowires because the technology is more mature and further along in the standards process. "It's ready sooner," said Rod Naphan, vice president of planning for Fujitsu.
"It's a good start for Fujitsu," said Michael Howard, principal analyst for Infonetics Research. "Every carrier out there already has MPLS in their network. Every router has pseudowires in it. PBT is much newer."
What's more, Fujitsu rejects the notion of PBT as a simpler alternative to MPLS, pointing out that the addition of a control plane will add to PBT's complexity. "Any of those [packet transport] technologies require the same amount of complexity to implement," said Sam Lisle, director of market development for Fujitsu. "Service providers will favor one technology or another, depending on the characteristics of their network."
Fujitsu is already expected to be one of the front-runners for a packet optical transport request for proposal to be issued this summer by Verizon, according to Morgan Keegan, an analyst for Simon Leopold. A foursome of leading contenders for that business — Alcatel-Lucent (with its 1850), Huawei Technologies, Nortel (with its Optical Multiservice Edge 6500) and Fujitsu — stands in "stark contrast" to the 15 or so vendors that fought for a Verizon ROADM contract in 2005, Leopold said. Tellabs won that ROADM contract in a surprise upset over Fujitsu; this year, Fujitsu will have a chance to return the favor.
$557 million
$436 million
$134 million
New ADVA
$107 million
$600 million
$94 million
$388 million
$199 million
$469 million
Source: Ovum-RHK
Want to use this article? Click here for options!
© 2014 Penton Media Inc.
Learning Library
Using Real-Time Offers, Alerts and Interactions To Improve the Mobile Broadband Experience
In this Webinar you will learn how to create a real-time relationship with your customers, how to proactively improve the customer experience, and how to successfully target and cross-sell services to boost incremental revenue.
- Megabytes to Megabucks, Bandwidth to Business Models: How 4G Is Changing Everything
- How to Unplug Your Redundant Telco Apps To Save Money and Improve Efficiency
- When IaaS Isn't Enough: Service Provider Business Models to Drive Growth and Build Margin
- How to Transform Your Aging Telco Voice Network to Drive New Profits and Revenue
- Creative Licensing Approaches for Telcos & Their Network Equipment Vendors
- Smart Home Opportunity: Balancing Customer Data & Privacy
White Papers
The Role of Diameter in All-IP, Service-Oriented Networks
This paper discusses the rise of Diameter and benefits of Diameter Protocol.
- Conducting The Orchestration Order Management at the Speed of Business
- Toward a Converged Network Edge
- Beyond Spam Email Security in the Age of Blended Threats
- 6 Important Steps to Evaluating a Web Filtering Solution
- The Expertise to Protect You from Botnet and DDoS Attacks
- Seeing is Believing Bridging the Order Visibility Gap
Featured Content
A time and money saving approach to fiber deployment
Service providers are under tremendous pressure to turn up new services faster then before and, at the same time,
to do it at less expense - and intra-office fiber is one of the biggest challenges in terms of both cost and service
of interest
The Latest
From the Blog
Join the Discussion
Get more out of Connected Planet by visiting our related resources below:
Connected Planet highlights the next generation of service providers, as well as how their customers use services in new ways.
Subscribe Now


text:
This is a 14 team H2H, points league and I've had Rose since the draft in the hopes that he would come back by the end of the fantasy season and hopefully be in full force in the playoffs. But with the recent news, I don't know if he will ever come back and if he does, it will probably only be to get him ready for the Bulls playoff run, so he won't be playing significant minutes. Though I am still in first with a 3 game lead over the last playoff spot and there are only 4 weeks remaining, I am not sure if it worth holding onto Rose. Without Rose, I would no doubt have been undefeated so far this season, but with him holding up an extra bench spot and potential points everyday, is it worth keeping him? Even if he does come back, will he play enough to make much of an impact?
well, since u have already stashed him so this long, i would wait until early march and see what his "campaign" or the bulls management says. and to answer your question, he would make a huge impact if he comes back, bulls will be a scary team to play against. please check out my post "BIG trade help". thanks


text:
A lot happened in Deerfield in 2013. When Patch took a look at its most read stories, some of which had national appeal, there were some surprises.
We will be taking a look back today through Wednesday listing the 10 most read stories. Our countdown now features four through 10.
Feel free to write in the comments what you think one through seven will be and you can see if you were correct.
4. A major event for Deerfield came in August when fecal coliform got into the water supply and a boil order was issued. Though Mayor Harriet Rosenthal took personal responsibility, it turned out the issue could have been prevented if Highland Park's testing lab had acted more promptly. Deerfield still gets its water from Highland Park, but it is tested in Lake Bluff.
5. One of our blogger's, Anna Pamula of Renu Day Spa, had the 10th most read item on Deerfield Patch in 2013 with her post personally discussing arthritis pain and the benefits to coconut oil.
6. "Superman" Sam Sommer died at 8 from leukemia but showed people throughout Deerfield, the North Shore and around the world what kind of a fighter he was after he was diagnosed with leukemia 18 months ago. Donations can still be made to the Sam Sommer Fund at Congregation Am Shalom.
7. Deerfield's Ronald Kite went missing in July and people responded with tips to the Deerfield Police Department. The search did not end well and that story will be featured later this week.
9. After the Illinois General Assembly passed conceal carry legislation in June, home rule municipalities like Deerfield had a short amount of time to act if they wanted to legislate over assault weapons. Mayor Harriet Rosenthal wasted little time letting the Village Board know what she wanted, a spirited debate followed, and an ordinance was passed.
Get local news in a daily email from Patch. It's like getting a free newspaper. Learn more. Then "like" us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter.