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From the Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
February 2013
Chau-Kuang Chen, EdD
Michelle Bruce, MD, MSPH
Lauren Tyler, BS
Claudine Brown, MSPH
Angelica Garrett, MD
Susan Goggins, MD
Brandy Lewis-Polite, MD
Mirabel L Weriwoh, MD, MSPH
Paul D. Juarez, PhD
Darryl B. Hood, PhD
Tyler Skelton, MS
The authors are affiliated with the Department of Institutional Research at Meharry Medical College (MMC) [C-KC]; Department of Internal Medicine, MMC [MB]; the Department of Biology, Tennessee State University [LT]; the School of Medicine at MMC [AG, SG, B L-P]; the School of Graduate Studies and Research, MMC [CB, MLW]; the Department of Family and Community Medicine, MMC [PDJ, TS]; and the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, NIMHD Health Disparities Research Center of Excellence, Environmental Health Disparities and Medicine, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, MMC [DBH]. Please address correspondence to Darryl B. Hood, PhD, Professor, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, NIMHD Center of Excellence in Health Disparities, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208; (615) 327-6358; email@example.com.
Abstract: The goal of this study was to analyze a 54-item instrument for assessment of perception of exposure to environmental contaminants within the context of the built environment, or exposome. This exposome was defined in five domains to include 1) home and hobby, 2) school, 3) community, 4) occupation, and 5) exposure history. Interviews were conducted with child-bearing-age minority women at Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry Medical College. Data were analyzed utilizing DTReg software for Support Vector Machine (SVM) modeling followed by an SPSS package for a logistic regression model. The target (outcome) variable of interest was respondent's residence by ZIP code. The results demonstrate that the rank order of important variables with respect to SVM modeling versus traditional logistic regression models is almost identical. This is the first study documenting that SVM analysis has discriminate power for determination of higher-ordered spatial relationships on an environmental exposure history questionnaire.
The socioeconomic circumstances of people and the places where they live work and play strongly influence their health.1 Healthy homes are essential to a healthy community and serve to protect families from exposure to potential environmental contaminants (such as chemicals and allergens) thereby preventing exposure-related phenomena. In contrast, inadequate housing contributes to infectious and chronic disease and injuries and has been shown to affect child development adversely.1 The definition of inadequate housing is related to the basic structure and systems of a housing unit, whereas the definition of unhealthy housing is related to exposure to environmental pollutants and other toxicants.1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has defined unhealthy housing as housing with characteristics that might negatively affect the health of its occupants, including rodents, water leaks, peeling paint in homes built before 1978, and absence of a working smoke detector.
The most recent CDC report concludes that efforts to decrease disparities in access to healthy housing will have the immediate effect of decreasing disparities in health status.1 Among the approximately 110 million housing units in the United States, approximately 5.8 million are classified as inadequate, and 23.4 million are considered unhealthy. Inadequate and unhealthy housing disproportionately affect populations that have the fewest resources (e.g., people with low incomes and limited education). Studies reveal that certain ethnic and racial populations (such as African Americans), have a greater likelihood of residing in areas in which there is poor housing and poor air quality primarily defined in terms of fine particles (PM2.5).2 Minority populations are especially vulnerable and susceptible to exposure to PM2.5 as a result of their homes being located in close proximity to the emissions from smokestacks and vehicles (heavy traffic volumes).3,4 Historical studies have shown that vulnerable segments of minority populations, such as pregnant women and young children, are particularly susceptible to the effects of PM2.5 air pollution.5–8 These facts illustrate the need to develop survey instruments for the physician to have at his fingertips when taking initial environmental exposure histories. This is particularly relevant for physicians practicing in indigent care hospitals where many health problems plague urban minority populations with low socioeconomic status.
Recent reports on exposure during pregnancy to components of air pollution have revealed deleterious effects on development of the fetus. High levels of components of photochemical smog, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) have been associated with very low and low birth weight, preterm birth, and infant mortality.9,10 Particulate matter is material that is suspended in the air in the form of minute solid particles or liquid droplets as an atmospheric pollutant. Such environmental contaminants have also been associated with significant differences in biparietal diameter and head circumference both measured during pregnancy and at birth.11,12 In utero exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during pregnancy has been shown to correlate with impaired cortical function and cognitive developmental delay.13–17
A recent epidemiologic study reported that use of gas appliances and increased NO2 in the home during the first three months of life are associated with decreased cognitive test scores and increased inattention at four years of age.18 In a separate study, Suglia and colleagues estimated lifetime residential exposure to carbon black, a proxy for traffic-related PM, among 8–11 year old children with an associated decline in performance on intelligence and memory tasks as a function of increasing carbon black levels.19 Interestingly, autism spectrum disorder has been associated with estimated regional concentrations of hazardous air pollutants, including arsenic and nickel, and with diesel PM exposure in early childhood.20 Thus, there is an emerging literature suggesting that nearby roadway traffic-related air pollutants, possibly influenced by specific components such as particulate matter or PAHs, adversely affect neurodevelopmental processes.
In the present study conducted out of Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry Medical College, we have used support vector machines (SVM) to analyze responses to a 54-item environmental exposure questionnaire towards validation of the instrument for future use in recruiting pregnant women for prospective longitudinal studies. Support vector machines are a relatively new classification or prediction method developed by Cortes and Vapnik21 in the 1990s as a result of the collaboration between the statistical and the machine-learning research communities. Support vector machines attempt to classify datasets by finding a separating boundary, referred to as a hyperplane. The main advantage of the SVM is that it can, with relative ease, overcome the high dimensionality problem, i.e., the problem that arises when there is a large number of input variables relative to the number of available observations.22 Further, because the SVM approach is data-driven and possible without a theoretical framework, it is believed to have important discriminative power for classification, especially with datasets where sample sizes are small.23 The technique has recently been used to improve methodology for detecting diseases in clinical settings.24,25 The SVM analysis of responses from this study will serve as a point of reference for recruitment of a prospective cohort of pregnant African American women living in an inner city environment to quantify the frequency of exposure related adverse pregnancy outcomes. (841 words)
Demonstration of similarity of demographics between inner-city Atlanta area (Grady Memorial Hospital) and inner-city Nashville area (Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry Medical College) as a means to validate our 54-item instrument. All procedures in accordance with administration of the 54-item instrument within the subspecialty clinics at Nashville General Hospital at Meharry Medical College were submitted to the Meharry Medical College Institutional Review Board (IRB). The Institutional Review Board determined that the project was exempt, based on category 45 CFR 46.101.b (2) of the federal regulations concerning the use of survey procedures when the information is recorded in such a manner that subjects cannot be identified. No consent form was needed and the IRB application was approved (IRB number 051115DBH195-11).
Our 54-item environmental exposure instrument is an adaptation of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) environmental exposure history questionnaire (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hec/csem/exphistory/docs/exposure_history.pdf.) and therefore required validation and calibration. As a means of validating our instrument, we sought to determine the similarity of demographic characteristics between inner-city Atlanta, Georgia and inner-city Nashville, Tennessee based on 2000 and 2010 census data. For additional clarity, we also determined the similarity of demographic characteristics between the Grady Memorial Hospital area and the Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry area. These data are shown in Table 1 and indicate that the respondent population at Grady Memorial Hospital in inner-city Atlanta and the respondent population at Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry are very similar in terms of the Black and/or African American representation. The percent differences in 2012 demographic data for Atlanta compared with Nashville in favor of Atlanta (16.4%) is offset by the robust African American demographic (97.3%) in ZIP code 37208 (where Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry is located). The Grady Memorial Hospital area's African American population represents 76.3%of the total population in the area. There are similar percent differences between the Atlanta Grady Memorial Hospital area and the Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry area in educational attainment, sex, and school enrollment. All of these indices proved important as a part of the calibration-validation process regarding our 54-item instrument.
Study subjects. A total of 187 child-bearing-age (18–35) African American or Hispanic women were interviewed when presenting for services at the Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family and Community Medicine, or Pediatrics subspecialty clinics at Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital at Meharry Medical College.
Personal interview. The 54-item environmental exposure questionnaire was administered to consenting eligible child-bearing-age (18–35 years) African American and Hispanic women. The survey was partitioned into five domains including 1) home and hobby, 2) school, 3) community, 4) occupation, and 5) exposure history. Demographic information pertaining to the woman's age and education level were recorded, as was the ZIP code in which she primarily resided. This 54-item questionnaire was modeled from both the CDC and the ATSDR environmental exposure history questionnaires.26
Exposed vs. control dichotomization of ZIP codes. Based on the proximity of EPA reporting sites with emissions to Meharry Medical College-respondents that resided in ZIP codes 37206, 37207, 37208 and 37209 were assigned to the exposed group. Respondents residing in any other ZIP codes (37210, 36606, 37011, 37013, 37062, 37075, 37076, 37082, 37086, 37087, 37115, 37219, 37138, 37203, 37210, 37211, 37212, 37213, 37214, 37215, 37216, 37217, 37218, 37219, 37220, 37221, 37228, 37235, and
38556) were assigned to the control group.
Overview of the SVM classifier. The SVM algorithm is a supervised machine learning method which has demonstrated its ability to solve complex classification problems, especially in the field of bio informatics.27,28 The SVM model is operated on the principle of structural risk minimization.29 It is designed to minimize true risk of misclassifying examples during the model training. It has its advantage in the practical application for
small sample and generalization because of structural risk minimization.29–31
Unlike many other more popular data analysis tools, the SVM algorithm is data-driven and model-free and, as such, may have much discriminative power for classification in instances where many explanatory variables are used and the sample size is relatively small. Support vector machines establishes sophisticated models by constructing a multidimensional hyperplane optimally discriminating (maximizing the margin separation) between two different classes.32 The algorithm achieves its high discriminative power by using special non-linear functions called kernel functions to transform the original data into a high-dimensional space.33 Justified by Cover's theorem, any dataset can be separated out if the data dimension grows.
Data analysis. A database was created from the collected responses. Entries with missing data points were excluded from the analysis and key domains of interest were identified. The overall response rate to the 54-item instrument was (94.3%). Our method converted the variable which spoke to the respondent's neighborhood from a categorical variable (Rural, Suburban and Urban) into a dichotomous variable by combining the urban and suburban fields for the sake of parity. Respondents' ZIP codes were dichotomized to form an exposure and control group with persons residing in the 37206, 37207, 37208 and 37209 ZIP codes being assigned to the exposed group based on the number of EPA reporting industrial facilities and sites coupled with their proximity to Meharry Medical College. Respondents residing in ZIP codes (37210, 36606, 37011, 03713, 37062, 37075, 37076, 37082, 37086, 37087, 37115, 37219, 37138, 37203, 37210, 37211, 37212, 37213, 37214, 37215, 37216, 37217, 37218, 37219, 37220, 37221, 37228, 37235, and 38556) outside of this area, were assigned to the control group. Data analysis was performed on the dataset using DTReg software for Support Vector Machine (Sherrod, PH., 2008, Digital Tree Regression (DTREG) (Version 4.0) [Software]. Brentwood, Tennessee) and SPSS version 17 for the logistic regression model (Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) (Version 17) [Software] Armonk, New York).
Six steps were systematically adopted to yield the most suitable SVM and logistic regression models to accurately classify respondents living in distinct ZIP code groups.
Step 1 involved generating a research dataset consisting of one dependent variable and multiple independent variables collected from respondent's questionnaires.
In Step 2, the underlying models were developed by the difficult selection of kernel functions for the SVM. Thus, our only strategy was performed a trial and error process by applying all kernel functions. For SVM classifier, the following four kernel functions were readily available for model construction: linear, radial basis function (RBF), polynomial, and sigmoid.
In Steps 3 and 4, all possible SVM candidate models were trained and tested to achieve minimal classification error by means of adjusting parameters and performing cross-validation. For the SVM classifier, a five-fold cross-validation was implemented to minimize the bias generated by random sampling of the training and testing datasets. The input dataset was divided into five mutually exclusive subsets. One subset was used for testing and the remaining four were used to train the data. The process was repeated five times to ensure that the model was tested in each subset.
In Step 5, the most suitable SVM model was generated and compared with a logistic regression model to determine validity relative to our 54-item instrument. Initial data analysis was carried out by comparing the normalized importance, rank order of independent variables, and classification accuracy on the SVM to those of the logistic regression. The classification accuracy was compared by the measures of 1) sensitivity and 2) specificity, and 3) combined accuracy for each SVM classifier.
Sensitivity was defined as a measure of ability of the model to detect important variables associated with those respondents living in ZIP code's 37208, 37209 and 37210. Specificity is a measure of the ability of the model to specify and delineate differences by the respondents living in ZIP codes that make up the control group.
In Step 6, the most important variables and related rank orders of variables for the SVM model were generated to facilitate variable selection and explanation. The normalized importance was calculated by dividing the value of the highest relative importance into the value of the other relative importance. The normalized importance provides a hierarchal viewpoint of the ranking of the explanatory variables.
Creation of relational database and Web portal for geographical information systems mapping. We have established a relational database and Web portal , in part, from the EPA databases listed at www.IMNashville.com. This Web portal enables us to 1) build the capacity to process and analyze large secondary databases; 2) conduct inter-disciplinary training; 3) use public participatory GIS; and 4) develop interactive mapping of health disparities and community assets and risk factors associated with environmental exposures. Emissions data from the EPA-databases listed below was converted into a mapping format to visually communicate the location of EPA reporting industrial plants with emissions in ZIP codes as a function of the ZIP codes of respondents to our 54-item instrument that perceived themselves vulnerable to exposure to contaminants.
USEPA databases used in the present study. The EPA reporting sites are defined as any site in Metro Nashville Davidson County that emissions data was available from the following EPA-databases 1) Air Quality Subsystem (AQS), 2) AIRS Facility Subsystem (AFS), 3) AIRS Data and 4) Toxic Release Inventory.
Air Quality Subsystem (AQS). The Air Quality System (AQS) is EPA's repository of ambient air quality data. AQS stores data from over 10,000 monitors, 5,000 of which are currently active. Specifically, this EPA database contains measurements of ambient concentrations of air pollutants and meteorological data from thousands of monitoring stations operated by EPA, state, and local agencies.
AIRS Facility Subsystem (AFS). The Air Facility System (AFS) contains compliance and enforcement data and permit data for stationary sources of air pollution regulated by EPA, state and local air pollution agencies. The environmental regulatory community uses this information to track the compliance status of point sources with various programs regulated under the Clean Air Act. See the Clean Air Act enforcement page for information on enforcement activities.
Types of data found in in AIRS facility subsystem. A plant is a facility represented by its physical location and defined by property boundaries. Plant-level data include plant name, address, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), U.S. Census Bureau North American Industry Classification System, and compliance status.
A stack is where emissions are introduced into the atmosphere. Stack-level data include the height and diameter of the stack as well as the temperature, flow rate, and velocity of the gas released into the atmosphere. Stack-level data is used in emission inventory reporting.
A point is a physical piece of equipment or a process that produces emissions. Point-level data include normal operating schedule and the percentage of annual activity occurring each season.
A segment is a component of a point process, such as fuel combustion, that is used in the computation of emissions. Segment-level data in AFS include Source Classification Code (SCC), annual process rate, and fuel parameters. Segment-level data is used in emission inventory reporting. Emission inventory data can be found at the Technology Transfer Network Clearinghouse.
AIRS data provide easy access to summaries of air monitoring data for the current and five prior years, the latest available estimates of air pollutant emissions from major point sources, the overall regulatory compliance status of those sources, and names of contacts in EPA and state/local air pollution agencies. All these data pertain to the criteria pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, lead).
Toxics Release Inventory Program (TRI). The TRI database contains data on disposal or other releases of over 650 toxic chemicals from thousands of U.S. facilities and information about how facilities manage those chemicals through recycling, energy recovery, and treatment. One of TRI's primary purposes is to inform communities about toxic chemical releases to the environment.
Similarity of demographic characteristics between inner-city Atlanta area (Grady
Memorial Hospital) and inner-city Nashville area (Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry Medical College). A version of our 54-item instrument was administered previously to inner-city populations at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. As a means of validating the instrument that was developed by our group, we sought to determine the similarity of demographics between inner-city Atlanta and inner-city
Nashville based on 2000 and 2010 census data. For additional clarity, we also determined the similarity of demographics between the Grady Memorial Hospital area and the Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry area, as discussed in the Methods section and as demonstrated on Table 1. All of the endpoints and indices contributed to the validation -process of our 54-item instrument.
SVM analysis. Shown in Table 2 are the dependent or outcome variable as residential ZIP code areas that were regrouped into a binary measure of one or two. The respondent population was split between ZIP codes for the respondents living in (37206, 37207, 37208, 37209) and other ZIP codes for respondents living in (37210, 36606, 37011, 03713, 37062, 37075, 37076, 37082, 37086, 37087, 37115, 37219, 37138, 37203,
37210, 37211, 37212, 37213, 37214, 37215, 37216, 37217, 37218, 37219, 37220, 37221, 37228, 37235, and 38556). The five domains of independent variables (community, home and hobby, school, occupation, and environmental exposure history) included Q6 (polluted lake/stream: Community); Q17A (in your home: Home and Hobby); Q17C (on your lawn or garden: Home and Hobby); Q22 (school neighborhood [urban or rural]); Q24A (carpeted classrooms: School); Q24E (windows that open: School); Q24F (moldy smell: School); Q25G (flood, water leaks: School); and Q26G (odorous cleaning products: School).
Approximately one-tenth (9%) of the survey respondents lived near a polluted lake/stream community (Q6). In terms of using pesticides, more than half (54%) of the survey respondents used them in their home (Q17A) while more than one-tenth (14%) used them on their lawn or garden (Q17C). More than half (53%) of the survey respondents indicated that their children's school was located in a rural area (Q22). While inspecting their children's schools, the survey respondents revealed that more than half of the schools had carpet (51%) (Q24A), windows that opened (55%) (Q24E), and a moldy smell (61%) (Q24F). Furthermore, nearly one-tenth (8%) of the survey respondents reported flood and/or water leaks in their children's school (Q25G), and more than three quarters (76%) of the survey respondents indicated that the schools used odorous cleaning products (Q26G).
Table 3 presents major findings using SVM and logistic regression modeling approaches with the latter approach being the traditional model used to measure a binary outcome. The backward procedure is one of the procedures used to select significant risk factors to form the logistic regression model. The model fitting the statistic, pseudo R-squared value was used to measure the success of this model by explaining the variations in the data. The Nagelkerke R squared value (0.32) was significantly different from zero, indicating that 32% of the variations in the binary outcome variable (residential ZIP codes) was accounted for by the risk factors. Using the SVM, the independent variables were assigned a normalized importance and given a rank order based on this normalized value. According to the sigmoid function of SVM, the variables by level of importance to the outcome were the following; Q17A (in your home), Q17C (on your lawn or garden), Q25G (flood, water leaks), Q6 (polluted lake/stream), Q24F (moldy smell), Q26G (odorous cleaning products), Q25E (child's school—new flooring or furniture), Q22 (school neighborhood [urban or rural]), and Q24A (carpeting in classrooms). The Wald test of Logistic regression was used at different levels of p values, 0.001, 0.01 or 0.05, to determine the significant independent variables associated with the binary outcome (residential ZIP codes). The regression coefficients for the following explanatory variables, Q17A, Q17C, Q25G, Q6, Q24F, Q26G, Q24A were found to be significantly different from zero at given p values level mentioned above and using the Wald test.
Table 4 represents a summary of the measures of accuracy used to evaluate both of the data analysis techniques used. Sixty-one percent (61%) of respondents perceived little to no exposure within the 5-domains. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of respondents perceived that they were susceptible to environmental exposures within the five domains. The SVM method outranked the logistic regression analysis with respect to sensitivity, but not specificity. In terms of combined accuracy, both SVM and logistic regression models were comparable (69% vs. 70%), which in some instances may be considered low; however, an important measure of accuracy is the sensitivity criterion, the so-called power of the test. Model sensitivity determines if the tool used in the study was accurate in measuring the outcome variable. If more survey respondents who were exposed to the risk factors did not have the disease, then the overall study power would be weakened. The SVM was found to be a more sensitive model (69%) than the logistic regression model (63%), meaning that SVM has a greater ability to identify important variables related to the binary outcome (residential ZIP codes). On the contrary, logistic regression was found to have a greater ability to specify differences between the populations of interest (women residing in the ZIP codes; 37206, 37207, 37208, 37209) and the control group used (women residing in other ZIP code areas).
Mapping of EPA-Reporting Industrial Sites Located in the North Nashville ZIP Code 37208. Figure 1 shows the EPA-Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and smokestack emission sites located in the North Nashville ZIP code 37208. The TRI sites are shown in squares and smokestack emission sites in circles. Mapping of EPA-reporting industrial sites located in the North Nashville ZIP code 37208 allows for visualization of the SVM analysis finding of identifying the important variable related to the binary outcome as residential ZIP code from respondents of the 54-item instrument.
In this study we validated our 54-item instrument with SVM analysis. The validation of this questionnaire was set in an inner city area of Nashville, Tennessee (North Nashville) which is composed largely of an African American population. North Nashville is known to suffer from increased adverse health outcomes compared with whites in the same area of Davidson County.35 The respondent population at Grady Memorial Hospital in inner-city Atlanta and the respondent population at Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry were shown to be very similar in terms of various demographic characteristics including race, educational attainment, sex, and school enrollment. This 54-item instrument will be used in the very near future to recruit a large cohort of pregnant African American women into a longitudinal study designed to quantify perturbations in sensory function in their infants prior to 24 months. The primary study site, Metro Nashville General Hospital on the Campus of Meharry Medical College operates as the community's public hospital to provide access to care for all the city's residents—whether uninsured, underinsured or insured. As a result of the validation of our instrument, our hospital will continue to serve as the primary recruitment site for translational research projects under the Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance umbrella. It will be an overarching hypothesis in the future that women living in ZIP codes 37208 and 37209 will have a higher perceived risk of exposure to environmental toxicants as compared to women living in the surrounding suburban areas.
Support vector machines have been widely used in various areas, such as recognition, reliability evaluation, bioinformatics and medicines, for survival time classification and assessment of the severity of many acute and chronic diseases.36 However, to our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to investigate perceived exposure to environmental contaminants by administration of a 54-item instrument in a population of child-bearing-age African American and Hispanic women via SVM. The novelty of our study was demonstrating the discriminative power of this SVM approach as compared with that of commonly used logistic regression models.
In association with other studies being conducted in our center, creation of environmental relational databases will serve as a means to promote civic engagement in vulnerable communities and neighborhoods in close proximity to Meharry Medical College. The database described here enables us to begin to analyze the relationships between physical, built, and social environments relative to the health status of persons living in targeted neighborhoods or communities. The long-term goal is to use the data to develop and implement targeted interventions to improve health conditions on a community level. Our Web portal (www.IMNashville.com) allowed us to bring together data on health outcomes with data on environmental conditions, assets (salutogenic features), and risk factors (pathogenic features). As indicated earlier, our approach builds on the ecological environmental justice framework that explores the role that salutogenic
(health-promoting) and pathogenic (health-restricting) built and social features play in driving health and health disparities in differentially burdened communities.37
For the purposes of such relational databases, the natural environment includes air, food, soil, water, and vegetation.38 Environmental hazards refer to the effects of the environment on a person's health and the effects of human activity on the health of the environment. Such hazards can be toxicants in a physical space that can harm health. Natural environmental datasets in our relational database include: 1) Day and night land surface temperature (LST) data from NASA's Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor (1-km spatial resolution); 2) Daily spatial surfaces of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) generated by algorithms developed by scientists at the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) and NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center and using MODIS satellite data and EPA ground observations39 (10-km resolution); 3) Daily maximum/minimum air temperature and daily maximum heat index from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) forcing data (12-km resolution); and 4) Finer resolution (30-m and 60-m) datasets of Landsat-derived land cover/land use and LST for 1992 and 2006 for a focused study in Nashville/Davidson County.
The built environment has been found to play a major role in directing individual physical activity, and Nashville has made big strides in improving policies and regulations related to building and site design to improve the built environment for pedestrians and cyclists, including passage of (1) specific plan zoning; (2) revised subdivision regulations that have introduced a so-called walkable subdivision option for developers; and (3) a community-character manual that will guide future land-use planning.40 In the future, our relational database will allow for the analysis of relationships between changing characteristics of the built environment and occurrence of health disparities. Establishment of this relational database will allow us to build longitudinal datasets to track changes in environmental conditions and effects on health disparities both retrospectively and prospectively.
Our study however, is not without limitations. The primary limitation of this study is its relatively small sample size but this fact did not impact the ability to achieve statistical significance with regard to the determination of higher ordered relationships to responses on the 54-item instrument. The second limitation is that not all of the women who participated were pregnant at the time of interview. We are aware of the implications of this fact, and remain cautious as a result. However, given the demographic profile of the patient base at Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry Medical College, it is highly likely that the percent of unintended births will track with that observed in the United States (37%).41 Many studies on unintended childbearing including a comprehensive review by the Institute of Medicine42 and a recent white paper reviewing more than 60 additional studies on this topic,43 have also shown that births that were unintended by the mother are at elevated risk of adverse social, economic, and health outcomes for the mother and the child. Unintended births are associated with delayed prenatal care, smoking during pregnancy, not breastfeeding the baby, poorer health during childhood, and poorer outcomes for the mother and the mother-child relationship.44 Further, longer-term negative consequences for these children have been found by some longitudinal studies of unintended pregnancies that track the children into adulthood.45
Thirdly, our cross-sectional design does not allow any inference to be drawn with respect to the causal relationships among independent variables. Finally, our data is based on a 15-minute interview in an indigent care facility that is located in a known socioeconomically impoverished ZIP code. This fact may have contributed to the perception of exposure to pollutants as has been observed in Berkson's bias.46 Connecting environmental problems with health disparities can be difficult due to limitations in the way health data are collected and made available.47 Many health databases and tables provide data only at the county level. Without a geo-coded reference at a sub-county level, these data are limited as to how they can be related to environmental hazards or exposures that typically are features of a small geographic area. In addition, the health data often tells us very little about how a person may have come in contact with an environmental hazard.
Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first study using SVM analysis determination of higher-ordered spatial relationships on an environmental exposure history questionnaire. Previous to this one, the study that most closely resembled this one used SVM to predict adherence to medication in heart failure patients. In that study, data about medication adherence was collected from patients at a university hospital through self-reported questionnaire. The data included 11 variables of 76 patients with heart failure. Mathematical simulations were conducted in order to develop a SVM model for the identification of variables that would best predict medication adherence. Using the sigmoid function via SVM analysis,47 the rank order of variables by level of importance to the outcome (of perceived exposure to environmental contaminants) were Q17A (in your home), Q17C (on your lawn or garden), Q25G (flood, water leaks), Q6 (polluted lake/stream), Q24F (moldy smell), Q26G (odorous cleaning products), Q25E (child's school—new flooring or furniture), Q22 (school neighborhood—urban or rural), and Q24A (carpeting classrooms). The Wald test of logistic regression was used to determine the significance (at different levels of p values: .001, .01, or .05) of independent variables associated with the binary outcome (residential ZIP codes). The regression coefficients for Q17A, Q17C, Q25G, Q6, Q24F, Q26G, Q24A were found to be significantly different from zero at given p value level. Our Nagelkerke R squared value (0.32) was significantly different from zero, indicating that 32% of the variations in the binary outcome variable (residential ZIP codes) were accounted for by the risk factors indicated in the respective questions. In conclusion, SVM analysis was shown to have discriminate power for determination of higher-ordered spatial relationships on the 54-item instrument within the five domains studied in the target ZIP code.
This work was supported, in part, by NIH grants S11ES014156-06 and 1R56ES017448- 01A1 to DBH and 3P20MD000516-07S1 to PDJ and DBH. Also, critical to the conduct of these studies were grants from the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) G12RRO3032 and S06GM08037, Nuclear Regulatory Commission Grant NRC-27-10-515 as well as Meharry Medical College -Vanderbilt University Alliance for Research Training in Neuroscience Grant
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10. Ritz B, Yu F. The effect of ambient carbon monoxide on low birth weight among children born in southern California between 1989 and 1993. Environ Health Perspect.1999 Jan;107(1):17–25.
11. Hansen CA, Barnett AG, Pritchard G. The effect of ambient air pollution during early pregnancy on fetal ultrasonic measurements during mid-pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Mar; 116(3):362–9.
12. Vassilev ZP, Robson MG, Klotz JB. Outdoor exposure to airborne polycyclic organic matter and adverse reproductive outcomes: a pilot study. Am J Ind Med. 2001 Sep; 40(3):255–62.
13. Bocskay KA, Tang D, Orjuela MA, et al. Chromosomal aberrations in cord blood are associated with prenatal exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Feb; 14(2):506–11.
14. Perera FP, Rauh V, Whyatt RM, et al. Molecular evidence of an interaction between prenatal environmental exposures and birth outcomes in a multiethnic population. Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Apr; 112(5):626–30.
15. Perera FP, Tang D, Rauh V, et al. Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts, environmental tobacco smoke, and child development in the World Trade Center cohort. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Oct; 115(10):1497–502.
16. Perera FP, Rauh V, Whyatt RM, et al. Effect of prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Aug; 114(8):1287–92.
17. Perera FP, Rauh V, Tsai WY, et al. Effects of transplacental exposure to environmental pollutants on birth outcomes in a multiethnic population. Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Feb; 111(2):201–5.
18. Morales E, Julvez J, Torrent M, et al. Association of early-life exposure to household gas appliances and indoor nitrogen dioxide with cognition and attention behavior in preschoolers. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Jun; 169(11):1327–36.
19. Suglia SF, Gryparis A, Wright RO, et al. Association of black carbon with cognition among children in a prospective birth cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Feb; 167(3):280–6.
20. Windham GC, Zhang L, Gunier R, et al. Autism spectrum disorders in relation to distribution of hazardous air pollutants in the San Francisco Bay Area. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Sep; 114(9):1438–44.
21. Cortes C, Vapnik V. Support-vector networks. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers/ Machine Learning, 1995; (20):273–97. Available at: http://image.diku.dk /imagecanon/material/cortes_vapnik95.pdf.
22. Verplancke T, Van Looy S, et al. Support vector machine versus logistic regression modeling for prediction of hospital mortality in critically ill patients with haematological malignancies. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2008 Dec 5; 8:56.
23. Yu W, Liu T, Valdez R, et al. Application of support vector machine modeling for prediction of common diseases: the case of diabetes and prediabetes. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2010 Mar 22;10:16.
24. Maglogiannis I, Loukis E, Zafiropoulos E, et al. Support vectors machine-based identification of heart valve diseases using heart sounds. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2009 Jul;95(1): 47–61.
25. Thurston RC, Matthews KA, Hernandez J, et al. Improving the performance of physiologic hot flash measures with support vector machines. Psychophysiology. 2009 Mar; 46(2): 285–92.
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28. Ng KL, Mishra SK. De Novo SVM Classification of Precursor microRNAs from genomic pseudo hairpins using global and instrinsic folding measures. Bioinformatics. 2007 Jun 1;23(11):1321–30.
29. Vapnik V. The nature of statistical learning theory and application. New York, NY: John Wiley Publishing, 1995.
30. Wan V, Campbell WM. Support vector machines for speaker verification and identification. Presented at: IEEE International Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing. Sydney, Australia, 2000.
31. Zeng D, Xu J, Gu J, et al. Short term traffic flow prediction based on online learning SVR. Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society/Proceedings of the Workshop on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System, 2008, Pp.616–20.
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35. Blaha MJ, Kusz KL, Drake W, et al. Hypertension prevalence awareness, treatment and control in North Nashville. Tenn Med. 2006 Apr; 99(4):35–7.
36. Cho BH, Yu H, Kim KW, et al. Application of irregular and unbalanced data to predict diabetic nephropathy using visualization and feature selection methods. Artif Intell Med. 2008 Jan;42(1):37–53.
37. Wilson SM, Wilson OR, Heaney CD, et al. Use of EPA collaborative problem-solving model to obtain environmental justice in North Carolina. Prog Community Health Partnersh. 2007 Winter;1(4):327–37.
38. Ramesh A, Archibong A, Hood DB , et al. Global environmental distribution and human health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Global trends of persistent organic chemicals. Edited by Loganathan BG and Lam PK, (eds.). Boca Raton, FL: 2012, Pp. 97–126.
39. Al-Hamdan MZ, Crosson WL, Limaye AS, et al. Methods for characterizing fine particulate matter using ground observations and remotely sensed data: potential use for environmental public health surveillance. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2009 Jul; 59(7):865–81.
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47. Long J, Li Y, Yu Z. A semi-supervised support vector machine approach for parametersetting in motor imagery-based brain computer interfaces. Cogn Neurodyn. 2010 Sep;4(3):207–16.


text:
1960 Williams Official Deluxe Pinball Baseball Game
1960 Williams Official Deluxe Pinball Baseball Game
The Machine Needs Work--- When You Deposit Coins It Recycles ,Then Shows Game Over-Tilt. All Players Are In Tack Except Catcher--Missing Left Hand.
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Join ConceptArt.Org.
Its' free and it takes less than 1 minute!
If so I'll have to trade it in for another color... but I don't uderstand why it wouldn't work. Maybe the person trying colors had a certain slot-1 card that just didn't run colors properly? I didn't think nintendo did any tinkering around in the new crimson/black ds but just provided a different casing for it. Meh, I'll find out in a few days when my R4 card arrives.
I'm with you scrubbles, I just got back from purchasing the red ds, and i'm and just recently read about problems with the red one? Can anyone provide a little more data?
Why don't you just try using your R4/M3 and run the app? Tell us if it works, if it doesn't, tell us what happens.
My crimson/black DS is running colors just fine. Make sure after you start Colors that you calibrate your stylus in the program... you may need to do it a few times in order to get the pressure sensitivity just right. The only thing that is slightly annoying is that the pressure sensitivity is a bit weak/wonky on the left and right borders of the canvas, but you can easily pan your canvas over to those areas and get the pressure sensitivity where you need it. I don't know if that's an issue with the crimson/black ds touchscreens or if that's common on all ds's. All-in-all I'm lovin' my sexy new ds and colors!
Re-calibrate. Otherwise, I'd say your touchscreen is broken. It's weak at the edges, never in the middle.
Hey Jabo, just wanted to thank you for posting this awesome thread. If it wasn't for this, I will never have find out about this application for the DS.
Actually, I bought a Black DS Lite for my brother and couldn't help to get the stuff to try this out. It is really practical and portable to use. You can go as much loose as you want and take as much risks since there is no undo button . Kinda reminds me to the Graffiti application on the Facebook, but this one is more stable and have plenty more options.
I have experience some of the problems already mentioned here like jumping cursor (which is usually when you have your finger and stylus touching the screen at the same time) as well as low pressure sensitivity on the edges. Although, they are not major problems at all.
As I have barely played a DS before, I don't get used to hold the DS with my left hand in the traditional way and it becomes uncomfortable. That's why I hold in the following manner to have access to all the functions, with my index finger pressing the L button for color picker. It also allows me to physically rotate the canvas easily. Any thoughts about it?
Here is some stuff as well, I did yesterday on it. If somehow this becomes big in the community it would be nice to have a thread dedicated to the artwork done in it
Maestro Andres | CouchPotato | Mono2k5 | Sawa | 0shade0
"The aim of figure drawing is never to copy the model but to analyze it." - sfa
I would also like to thank jabo for posting this thread, to have the option to paint virtually anywhere is pretty awesome. I'm currently waiting for my r4 ac.
Yeah, I guess I need to try that, but I'm not sure exactly what I'm doing when I calibrate it. On the press hard part, am I just pressing the hardest I'm likely to press while painting or am I really putting pressure on it?
I hope my touchscreen isn't broken, Colors is the whole reason I bought the DS and I'd hate for it to be wonky. Anyhoo I'm starting to get used to scrolling over to the edges so maybe it's not too bad.
The calibration button is experimentation. I tried several times until I found a setting that comes closest to my WACOM. As by now, I actually reverted the amounts of pressure (pushed hard on the low-button and vice versa). This gives me a very nice pressure sensitivity.
hm, I'll have to give it a shot
ok, im sold. from what ive read, i should get a nintendo ds LITE as opposed to a regular ds, and i should avoid the red model?
thanks jabo
Yeah. Not sure about the red one. In some cases, it causes trouble, most of the time it's working. The white one looks good as well, especially when you have a MacBook like me. Looks funny having them sit side-by-side on my desk. Don't get the original DS. The screen is aweful, not bright enough to work in daylight.
Haha! I am totally lost! I just went and baught myself one tonight! you guys are are killing my bankaccount with all these nifty tools! Do i need to have the R4 card first befor i can get colors or is it possible to get colors on there without it for now.
Hey seth1,
The thing is that you need a way that the DS can read the Colors program. In order to do so, you transfer it into a MicroSD card and that one is inserted into the R4, which makes the microSD to be readed as DS game. That's how it works, so you need the whole package for it. It is tons of fun once you tried it out!
Jabo's explanation on the first post is very straightforward on how to set it up.
Maestro Andres | CouchPotato | Mono2k5 | Sawa | 0shade0
"The aim of figure drawing is never to copy the model but to analyze it." - sfa
Thanks man! I thought so! i will be getting the r4 card right away then..
I have a 64MB microSD card which came with my cellphone. Would that be enough to carry the colors program? Also, how large are the .drw or .png files? I'm wondering if I should get a bigger microSD.
64mb is more than enough memory to transfer the colors program to your ds the application is something like 3.3mb. You will be fine.
ive been playing aruond with noxs and sam browns DS's..super fun! can't wait to get my own going
is there a DS speed^paint thread going on anywhere on the forums right now? i might have a couple to add
My Sketchbook
[Loomis and Bridgeman ftw!]
Get your very own Loomis --> http://acid.noobgrinder.com/Loomis/
wow this is soo cool !thnx for hooking me up with this
You can visit the official Gallery for pictures. Lots of pro mofos hanging around there to kick some manga ass.
I like the idea of a DS speedpaint thread.
My DS is working perfectly, thanks everyone who contributed to getting colors working and all the steps that contributed to it. A great way to experiment with colors and everything else. Long Live CA
Hi people, just have a quick question i purchased a second hand DS Lite and got the whole setup and colors working, but there is a issue on the touch pad in the majority of the middle area there seems to be a spot where it isn't as sensitive as the rest and the cursor is not directly under the stylus it is like 3 -4 mm to left or right , is this a defect? . If i went down the street bought a new one would i still have this problem? any help would be great cheers.
We got that discussed already. It seems like the sensitive panel is rather jaggy. Mine doesn't have sensitivity in the corners of the screen, while other have problems in the middle area, like you. It's trial and error I guess.
Thank you for posting this thread... I went out and bought one and everything works great. I had to patch the program, I used program called DLDI drop before I put it on the micro sd. I've already done one "plein air" sketch. I feel like I'm part of a new art movement of mobile digital painters with this thing. Like when impressionists started painting outdoors thanks to the technology of paint in tubes.


text:
Hello there.
SPACE STATION CASTING STUDIOS prides itself on being the most convenient casting facility in all of Los Angeles.
Located in the heart of Hollywood, we aim to provide simple and efficient space rental and services that allow you to stay focused on your creative process.
What we do.
From independent shorts to big budget features and major network TV shows, SPACE STATION has accommodated productions of all sizes for almost 10 years. Space is also available for rehearsals, production meetings, classes and workshops.
We're centrally located, only minutes away from Hollywood landmarks such as Paramount Pictures, Hollywood Center Studios, Television Center, Red Studios and Theatre Row, and great restaurants such as Grub, Providence and Osteria Mamma.
Some friends who cast here.
Julie Ashton - PsychDorian Frankel - Parks and RecreationSheila Jaffe - EntourageRick Pagano - X-MenChad Ritterbach - Bok CreativeErica Silverman - RevolutionMary Vernieu - Black Swan
Studio Rental Terms & Conditions
© Space Station Casting Studios, Los Angeles | 2013


text:
To win 'hearts and minds,' Brazil gives slums cable cars
Rio de Janeiro's slums are built on hillsides so steep they are difficult to travel up and down. The government is hoping to improve relations with residents by providing a free cable car to navigate the hills.
Rio de Janeiro
• A local, slice-of-life story from a Monitor correspondent.
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The bedroom-sized cabin rumbles as cables pull up the 45-degree incline toward the sprawling police station atop one of Rio de Janeiro's "pacified" favelas (shantytowns).
Rio's slums have for so long grown up around hills that morro (hill) is synonymous with slum. Rio's government built the hillside transport to win the "hearts and minds" of favela residents weary of years of police and drug trafficker shootouts. It is part of a wider two-year policing plan. Rio follows Caracas, Venezuela; and Medellín, Colombia, in its effort to offer transport to slums as a placating measure.
While providing curious tourists stunning views of the beach-side city, the cable car mostly benefits the favela residents. "It's better because it's more practical, more comfortable," says a restaurant worker as she gets on for the free, 10-minute ride. Not even motorcycle taxis can get her up the steep, narrow streets.


text:
Big song, Big dance, Big band
Wisconsin Singers ON CAMPUS Nov. 12/Nov. 13 at Wisconsin Union Theater 7:30 PM.
We'll Take You There! is a journey across the USA featuring popular music from the beaches of California to the streets of New York City. UW Madison's most talented collegiate singers, dancers and instrumentalists perform in a Broadway-caliber show that includes hits by Lady GaGa, Katy Perry, Frank Sinatra and Elvis.
Upcoming Events
North Central H.S.
Indianapolis North Central
Friday March 14, 2014 - 7:00 PM
Phone: TBD
Savannah Center
Wisconsin Club/Orlando Alumni Chapter
Sunday March 16, 2014 - 5:00 PM
Phone: 352-259-7517
Savannah Center
Wisconsin Club/Orlando Alumni Chapter
Sunday March 16, 2014 - 8:00 PM
Phone: 352-259-7517
Monroe H.S. Auditorium
Monroe Family Promise SPS
Friday April 04, 2014 - 7:00 PM
Phone: 608-886-6801
Franklin Middle School
Green Bay Shriners SPS
Saturday April 05, 2014 - 7:00 PM
Phone: 608.886.6801
Wisconsin Singers News
WiscSingers are HOT HOT HOT!
From Katy Perry's "Firework" to the Beatles' "Yellow Submarine", our 46th season celebrates the elements of earth, water, wind and fire. Hot!Hot!Hot! has more than sixty songs performed by UW Madison's top singers, dancers and instrumentalists in a 90 minute Broadway-caliber revue of the past forty years American popular music. DON'T MISS IT!
Wisconsin Singers recognized by National Downs Syndrome Congress
See the article in UW News regarding our recent recognition by the National Downs Syndrome Congress. http://www.news.wisc.edu/20646
Video that features 5 Wisconsin Singers goes viral
5 Wisconsin Singers collaborated with UW senior, Colton Boettcher, on a video project in support of the It Gets Better campaign. #Hairmusicvideo-It Gets Better. The video was recognized on Lady Gaga's facebook page and tweeted via her website. Gaga comments about the choreography by Wisconsin Singers' Bryce Mahlstedt, "The choreo...I died!!" At 350,000 hits and counting.
The Bucky
Wisconsin Singers premier THIS is how you Bucky! featuring former Chancellor Biddy Martin, Dean of Students Lori Berquam and UW Basketball coach, Bo Ryan. Click here to view!
Wisconsin Singers Radio


text:
THE best moment in Australian sport for a long time came in the dead of night, writes Rebecca Wilson.
MELBOURNE Victory boosted its A-League finals credentials with a scrappy 3-1 win over Central Coast Mariners at AAMI Park.
COLBY Fainga'a knew it was going to be tough to break into the Melbourne Rebels starting line-up.
DAVID Hayes believes he can put a rubber stamp on the ending of a frustrating time with Pago Rock running a big race today.
FIORENTE can take his prizemoney over the $6 million barrier if he wins the Group 1 Australian Cup at Flemington today.
One of the lesser-known privileges of being a MCC member is the opportunity to avail yourself and your guests of the top-notch function and dining facilities on offer at the MCG on non-event days.
Members can book fabulous locations such as the Members Dining Room, Long Room or Bullring Bar for private functions with a touch of class. Please note that use of the Long Room for private functions requires approval from the MCC Committee.
An excellent a la carte luncheon is served in the Committee Room on Level 2 of the Members Reserve, adjacent to the Long Room, on all weekday non-event days. And while you're here, why not treat yourself and your guests to a visit to the National Sports Museum, featuring some of the finest artefacts, people and moments in Australia's sporting history.


text:
Updated on March 10, 2014.
Do you ever wonder where all your cash goes? Do you ever feel as if there's a hole in your wallet? Perhaps, you spend money on what are commonly thought of as money wasters. If so, consider whether you want to cut back or keep spending money on them. Here are five often-cited ways to squander money:
* Thanks to reader @MarisaBowe for informing us that the source for the daily deal statistic cited above has since gone out of business.
1) U.S. Highway Patrol 2) StatisticBrain.com 3) National Retail Federation 4) CEB TowerGroup 5) The Institute for Business in the Global Context 6) Nerdwallet.com, August 2012
* Surcharge-free ATMs include Alliant-owned ATMs and ATMs that are part of the Alliance One, Allpoint, Bank of the West, CO-OP Network, Credit Union 24 CU Here and Publix Presto networks. Transactions performed at other ATMs may be subject to the ATM owners surcharge fee. Not all ATMs accept deposits. Please see our online ATM Locator for a list of ATMs that accept deposits or are surcharge-free.
Thrilling investment or cyber Ponzi scheme? Will bitcoins achieve general acceptance, and is it time for you to use them?
Learn about some of the tax code changes that could impact your 2013 or 2014 tax returns.
If you're trying to pay off a debt, remember a lesson from pre-school: the buddy system is the best system. Discover how to make financial goals more achievable by enlisting a supportive ally.


text:
Recommendations on a good food processor.
I'm looking at buying a good food processor and i just want to see what are some of the good brands out there. I'm not looking for top of the line but i want one that is good quality. Thanks.
re: iyc_nyc
Cook's Illustrated stated that the Cusinart Elite 14-cup food processor,
was powerful (good at making pizza dough) and had extra bowls, but it did not perform better than the Kitchen Aid 12-cup (which was cheaper, more compact and simpler).
The Cusinart's drawbacks were food bits being trapped by the "Sealtight"
lid, Mayonnaise not perfectly emulsified and chopped carrots having wasted end pieces.


text:
Administrative Services
Administrative Services supports the college community by modeling effective stewardship in the delivery of services, systems infrastructure, and collegial environment necessary for the fulfillment of the college's mission and goals.Our responsibility to the college community and the citizens of Washington is to operate in a professional, responsive, effective manner while balancing quality and accuracy with efficiency and cost effectiveness in support of access, diversity, educational programs, and personal and community enrichment.
In doing so, we seek to acknowledge the college's commitment to lifelong learning for the widest range of students, staff and faculty by understanding the diversity of views and perspectives, by communicating in a respectful and positive manner, by supporting the function of other departments, by seeking to inform and be informed, and by working in collaboration and partnership with the college community and the citizens we serve.
The following areas report to the Vice President for Finance and Administration: Fiscal Services and Auxiliaries, Facilities and Construction, Custodial and Grounds, Technology and Computer Services, Institutional Research and External Funding, and Budgets and Payroll.


text:
We've added the Powszechny Elektroniczny System Ewidencji Ludności to the Fake Name Generator. This is the national ID number for Poland.
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text:
LA Forces Condoms onto Porn Actors! (Nanny of the Month, Jan 2012)
This month's killjoys are bent on
making the Big Apple dry (or not?), and banning
electronic (a.k.a. "fake") cigarettes from public places (wait,
isn't the anti-smoking movement supposed to
help addicts
kick the habit?).
But the new year's top slot goes to the City of Angels mayor who's
cracking down on those naughty devils in the adult film industry by
mandating that actors wear condoms (what could possibly go
Presenting Reason.tv's Nanny of the Month for January 2012: Los
Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa!
Approximately 1.22 minutes.
"Nanny of the Month" is written and produced by Ted Balaker.
Opening animation by Meredith Bragg.
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Enjoy and feel the beauty, perfection, harmony and peace of nature with us in your sophisticated and comfortable seaside suite. Playa Matapalo is a destination where you decide just how busy you would like to be. If your agenda calls for relaxing beach side with a good book and a tropical cocktail, our service staff will be on hand to tend to your every need. However if you want to pick up the pace abit, our competent and eager concierge will be happy to inform and reserve any number of tour options available in our area. These include but are not limited to: Horseback riding, canopy adventure at Hacienda Baru, Rafiki kayak tour through the estuary, white water rafting or surf lessons with the locals. One thing is for sure, at Jungle House you will be able to leave all your troubles behind and enjoy the pristine setting of which we are fortunate to host.All suites offer kitchens, AC, hot water, satellite television services as well as our exclusive hammock park situated next to the ocean. Here you will relax in specially placed hammocks, beach loungers and tables as our staff tend to your every whim. Food and beverage service is available beach side during the day.Uniquely situated between 2 National Parks (Manuel Antonio to the north, Uvita Whale Marine to the south) we know you will enjoy discovering all of the adventures our pristine special destination has to offer.Oh and did we mention we have been doing this for over 24 years!
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La Liga roundup
Messi, Iniesta help Barca batter Levante
November 25, 2012
By ESPN.com news services
Iniesta provided assists for Lionel Messi's quickfire double -- his 81st and 82nd goals this calendar year -- before lashing home a goal of his own and playing in Cesc Fabregas for a fourth as Barcelona ran riot in a devastating 18-minute spell at the start of the second half.
Jose Barkero ...
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Definition of CholangiogramCholangiogram: A radiologic procedure used to look at the gallbladder and bile ducts. It could also mean picture of the bile ducts. See also: Intravenous cholangiogram. Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionaryhttp://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25275 Last Editorial Review: 9/20/2012 Medical Dictionary Definitions A - ZSearch Medical Dictionary
eMedicineHealth Top News
GI Disorders
Get the latest treatment options.


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Savor spectacular views of Waikiki Beach and Diamond Head from the newly renovated Queen Kapiolani Hotel, located just minutes from the Kapiolani Park, the Honolulu Zoo, and aquarium. Relax around the pool or stroll one block to Waikiki Beach—perfect for families or business travelers alike.
Rooms at the Queen Kapiolani feature 40-inch LCD TVs with cable, refrigerators, coffee makers, air conditioning, in-room safes, hair dryers, and irons and ironing boards. Some rooms have private lanais.
Kulana Restaurant offers a casual atmosphere with spectacular views of Diamond Head and Waikiki Beach. Open daily for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and happy hour.
Amenities at this Waikiki Beach hotel include a 24-hour front desk, heated outdoor pool, fitness center, on-site restaurant, laundry services, cable TV, catering and banquet service, meeting space, complimentary wireless Internet access and daily newspaper, and air conditioning. 100% smoke-free.
Please note: Guests will be required to present a valid photo ID and a credit card upon hotel check-in. Hotel package prices include room and room tax, only, and do not cover incidental charges, parking fees, or resort fees which some hotels may collect upon check-in to cover added-value services such as spa, fitness, phone charges and energy fees. Guest must be at least 21 years old to check in and there must be one person at least 21 years old staying in each room. Most hotel check-in times are 2:00 PM to 3:00 PM and most hotel checkout times are 11:00 AM to 12:00 noon. To avoid confusion, please note that your flight departure date and time may be different from your hotel checkout date and time.


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dougster66 5 months ago
Wow - I love floral print bras on small breasted girls. Fucking hot and he went to town on her ass too!


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I really like Mario Tennis Open. But I'm also VERY upset about the region lock, because I can't play with my boyfriend now. I'll have to get a NTSC version of the game when I visit for E3 next week!
If you can read Italian, have fun with my review. I might translate it or expand it at some point, so no need to be hasty and google translate it!
At any rate, I really love the idea of QR codes and the stuff they're doing to keep people interested in the game.
Don't forget that to access the hidden QR reader hidden within the game, all you have to do is press UP on the d-pad and Start at the same time in the file select screen!
If you don't have a European console, feel free to check this useful website for QR codes of the other regions.
Also, once again, I HAD to use Super Tooler's lovely Four Colorful Heroes pic.
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We want our websites name/logo to be in the bottom right hand corner of every video that gets uploaded to our site. The way it works now is if a users uploads a wmv or the likes it gets cron/converted to flash for the site. How can we make our logo appear in the video so if someone embeds the video on their blog or another site our logo appears? I explained this to our developers and I think they are going to make the actual player show the image but we want it actually in the video.
we also want a quick and easy way to port these to youtube in the future. Thanks


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fund and the insurance sector long term investors can invest into this.
"Today Rs 309 crore bond issue has been approved and it (GMR Jadcherla Expressways Ltd) is going to the market and we are giving about 24 per cent partial guarantee to this bond issue to raise the rating to AA," he added.
Meanwhile, Goel said: "LIC is a very keen partner on investing in these bonds because they were feeling very handicapped, because of the rating particularly."
Insurance and pension firms, as per the investment norms, are not allowed to invest below 'AA' rated bonds.
Goel further said that IIFCL is actively considering more transactions under its Credit Enhancement Scheme.
On the tax free bonds, Goel said, "Our issue has been good. We will be coming up with a second tranche, our aim is to collect at least Rs 5,000 crore in this tax free bonds."
So far, the company has collected about Rs 3,700 crore from the sale of tax free bonds.
"So, if we come out with one more tranche we are sure that we will exceed our target of Rs 5000 crore," Goel added.


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brinked - 6:49 am on Apr 19, 2012 (gmt 0)
interlinking probably isnt a good idea in that case. It all really depends as well. Most of my experiences dealt with websites that had very little unique quality content so I dont know how that factors in too well.
Its just not worth it. It's best to have them on separate servers, different whois etc..its not that hard to set up and you get to rule out one possibility for a penalty.


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Cooley sets up the story with a few mind-blowing delicacies
"Welcome, Mr. Smyth. So good to see you again."
Cooley. You're back.
"No, you are! You have taken your special vitamins and relaxed in the grip of your valued SomaPulse Helmet, opening the door to the Field."
Funny. The last time we met you mentioned how much you like traveling to Earth, which you so miss. I thought it was you who came to me.
"Let's just say that right now I am as much in your world as you are in mine."
Fair enough. So, what are we doing here?
"We are ready to pick up where we left off."
The French revolution?
"And not only. We are covering a story bigger than life, a tale of two cities separated by time, two times separated by space, two eras joined by similar forces, which you will understand in a painful, agonizing and terrifying way."
Thing is, I'm not a fan of horror stories.
I shake my head, smirking.
Can't you give me the fun version instead?
"This will be the most fun you ever had, I guarantee it. It will change your life forever."
I'm not so sure about that. I prefer to hear more about the Diamond Necklace Affair and stories like that. You know, stuff about no beginnings and no ends, and interesting tidbits, that kind of thing.
"It's a deal, Mr. Smyth. Terror a la carte, coming right up, followed by a terrific buffet that never ends."
Cooley, you're not hearing me. I don't want to listen to scary stories.
"You don't want to listen to scary stories or you don't want to be scared? There's a difference."
What's the difference?
"The amount of fear you carry inside you. Too much of it and you will be frightened by anything, no matter how pleasantly I say it. There is terror in even the most innocent things, which we engage when we are afraid to live. But look over it, like we do thunder and lightning when we grow older, and we are fine."
There's a difference between not being frightened by normal things and not wanting to hear stories that involve 'painful, agonizing, terrifying' elements. Your words, not mine.
"Don't worry, you'll be fine. Pain, agony and terror are parts of the process of learning evolution and progress. Not pleasant parts, but useful all the same. Sometimes indispensable."
How can terror be useful? It hurts and disempowers people.
"Yes. But it also rallies them to a cause, or against one, faster than anything else. It traces out the love one feels for someone and the devotion one has to a cause. The fear of loss of what one deems important complements the drive for change. It did so in the French revolution and all revolutions that followed, and will do so forever."
What a dreadful way to look at things! Terror is an awful manner with which to achieve one's goal, no matter the cause.
"La terreur n'est autre chose que la justice prompte, sévère, inflexible."
What does that mean?
"Terror is nothing other than prompt, severe, inflexible justice. Robespierre's own words during his ascendancy to absolute power."
Wait a minute. Let's take things one at a time and make sure we are on the same page. Who was Robespierre?
"One of the revolutionary leaders of France."
And what did he have to do with terror?
"He implemented it in times of crisis. Some say he caused it, others that he reacted to it. Bottom line is, he used it to gain absolute power."
What did the French Revolution have to do with absolute power? Wasn't it waged to defeat despotism in the first place?
"Indeed it was. But things got complicated. And Robespierre became progressively inflexible, his views becoming somewhat extreme. He ended up advocating liberty through violent means. His style of management can be summed up in a quote from a speech, where he stated that the government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny."
Sounds like he lost his mind.
"He did. Things took an ugly turn during that time and many suffered. The revolution cracked down on its own people and many heads rolled. In the end, the terror caught up with the culprits, and Robespierre, executioner supreme, paid the price for his out-of-control patriotism.
"Yet let it be noted that for a while he was making sense to people, commanding the support of the masses and the obedience of his opponents."
I close my eyes for a moment, trying to process what Cooley is telling me. It's preposterous. How can anyone rationalize the use of violence? The logic is beyond my understanding. The only thing that makes sense is that justice eventually caught up with Robespierre.
I look around, buying a little time before resuming our bizarre conversation. I happily notice that we are not in the middle of nowhere anymore, but have somehow found our way into my apartment. We are sitting in the living room, I on the sofa, Cooley on the reclining chair to the right. He is hovering over it rather than sitting on it, his aura beaming in the dimmed light.
Ok, Cooley. I'm game. Tell me how it got to the stage where Robespierre had to resort to terror to rule.
Cooley spins around the spot and smiles.
"Maximilien Robespierre was a bright, well educated lawyer, sharp as a scalpel and eager to distinguish himself in the political arena of Paris. He was also a firebrand ideologue, perhaps the most ardent advocate of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, famous philosopher and scholar. He had studied the Social Contract, Rousseau's most influential and controversial book on republicanism and government, and, like many others, had taken it quite literally, embracing the notion that virtue was the act of belonging to civil society. To him, freedom meant creating laws that guaranteed one's liberty to act virtuously, at all costs.
"Since laws could not be written by ordinary men, because ordinary men were prone to corruption, legislation needed to be devised by lawgivers, experts held separate from executive and administrative bodies, in order to guarantee both their impartiality and their virtuous nature. Being a lawyer, Robespierre embraced the rule of law and applied the idea vehemently. Referred to as general will in Rousseau's work, he considered it a morally righteous and right institution, which, when used responsibly and with conviction, could free man from all injustice. In order to be effective, of course, it had to be exercised by a state where no single person ruled i.e. where no master existed, and where everything was dictated by bodies governed by the people themselves.
"In other words, Robespierre believed that the rule of law – as devised by representatives of the people and upheld by state authority – was, in fact, supreme.
"Thus the notion supremacy crept into the young man's revolutionary mind. Over time, it grew into something frightful to behold and impossible to ignore.
"To sum it up, Robespierre was pure nitroglycerin waiting to be shaken up. He was idealistic, uncompromising, ambitious, well versed in a controversial and contradictory political discourse, and on his way to applying his interpretation of the Social Contract in the name of greater good. Putting its propositions into effect according to how he understood them was something he was very eager to do – and liable to get wrong.
"Wrong is exactly how he got it. He applied his newfound insights with a zeal bordering on fanaticism, upping the stakes, jumping the gun and altogether skipping the formalities of virtuous rule in a misguided effort to remain faithful to the cause. In his mind, the only way to preserve democracy and a free and secure Republican France in times of trouble was through the enforcement of ultra-extreme measures, an approach which brought forth a period known widely as La Terreur. The Terror."
Otherwise known as the Reign of Terror…
"Precisely. Let me tell you all about it. Before I start, though, can you get me something to drink? I am thirsty."
Oh? I didn't know spirits drink.
"Only when visiting earth. We eat too – at least I do. It's one of the perks of taking assignments here. The sensation of replenishing myself with tasty matter is so base and rich that I can't let it go to waste."
He leans back and sighs. He's looking increasingly human, his form solidifying. I can barely see through him anymore. His lips have tightened and his eyes are gleaming blue, with a spot of crimson behind them. He smiles, leaps up, his hand whipping the air with incredible force. A hand-sized tin container appears in his grip, spelling in thick, animated letters the words Cool-Aid.
"There you go, refreshment made in heaven. Go and mix me a batch, will you? Make yourself one too, and slice up some of this brioche to go with it."
A luscious hot sweet lands in my hand, and Cooley, eyes gleaming, points toward the plates on the rack.
I go to put things together. The brioche is hot and steaming. I cut it in thick slices. The mix in the container is silvery white, like Cooley, but when I mix it with water it turns dark red. The water thickens, taking the form of blood, and a bittersweet fragrance tickles my nose.
I take two glasses and a plateful of sliced brioche to the living room. Cooley looks content. He flickers in the dim light, rubbing his hands over the snack.
"Here we are, Mr. Smyth. Have a sip of Cool-Aid, take a bite from the brioche, kick back and relax. Bon appétit, as they say in France. And bon voyage. This is a spin through time you will never forget."
FOR MORE: Wake Of Liberty
Robespierre – source: http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/robespierre.html
Rousseau – source: http://www.thefamouspeople.com
The Social Contract – source: http://www.penguin.com.au/products/9780141018881/great-ideas-social-contract


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If you can get more money from any competing program, take it. You'd be an idiot not to.
These threads are beside the point. There is no "fair" amount for Google to pay. It makes no practical difference whether they pay out 1% or 99% of the advertiser's cost. Google pays you a certain amount for running their ads, and you're free to take it or leave it.


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The Oscars are Hollywood's biggest event, so we've rolled out the red carpet to come up with glamorous gift ideas inspired by the Academy Awards. Some of our gift ideas are based on the $55,000 swag bags the nominees will receive, while others... Read More »
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When it comes to our children, nothing is ever good enough, right? This parental ideology extends to the toy box as well and as gift givers, we need to listen up. When it comes to the toys and games kids are playing with (and often times chewing... Read More »


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BenQ MX501 DLP projector - 3D
Manufacturer: BenQ America Corp. Part number: 9H.J5377.13A
$479.00 at 1 online store
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Check out our comprehensive directory of West End hotels with quality, independent reviews. Search for a West End hotel by name, star rating, or user rating. Travel Library always lists the real direct contact details for every hotel in West End including email, Web site address, telephone and location address.
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4. December 2013
Last month, the McGill Alumni Association of New York held a series of Power Lunches with a group of very successful grads. The talks gave alums a chance to hear what it takes to make it in a variety of fields.
Continue reading...21. November 2013
This summer, students, professors and staff members from the Faculty of Engineering's former Geotechnical Research Centre recently got together for a very special reunion on Vancouver Island.
Continue reading...4. October 2013
As part of the Virtual Office Hour series, McGill Alumni Career Services spoke with Ziya Tong (MA'99) - Co-Host of Daily Plant, about her career and how she was able to establish herself in the world of broadcasting. What followed was a fascinating conversation about persistence, resourcefulness and determination to follow one's dream.
Continue reading...20. September 2013
The McGill Women's Alumnae Association (MWAA) holds a passionate vision, and its members have seen that vision through: to be the organization that demonstrates the positive impact of McGill alumnae on the University and its pluralistic community
Continue reading...17. September 2013
In the fifth edition of McGill's Got Seoul, we profile Jeeyoun Roh, a digital account manager at Spark44, Jaguar's advertising agency.
Continue reading...27. June 2013
In the latest edition of McGill's Got Seoul, we profile Sam Kim, a licensing project manager with j contentree M&B, a magazine publisher.
Continue reading...29. May 2013
In May, some of Montreal's most prominent young McGill graduates took part in a panel discussion on what it takes to make it in the workplace.
Continue reading...13. May 2013
This month, McGill's Got Seoul, our column about grads living in South Korea, profiles Justin Im, BSc'10, a Public Research Assistant with the International Vaccine Institute.
Continue reading...19. April 2013
Last month, graduates and friends in London got together to explore some of city's oldest, coolest drinking establishments.
Continue reading...5. April 2013
The McGill Alumni Association of Toronto held its first Women's Mentoring Lunch at the Toronto Board of Trade in March to honor International Women's Day. The event, which was sold out, connected female alums with five accomplished mentors from different professional backgrounds.
Continue reading...


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Friday, January 18, 2013
News: UFO Movie in 2013?
In any case, it's the first new "news" we've heard on this production in a couple years....
18 comments:
- Replies
- AnonymousApril 3, 2013 at 2:59 AM
Indeed. Now that "Fringe" is done and Joshua Jackson is free, he can play his role as Paul Foster now. He has been fabolous in Fringe and i can't wait to see him in this movie too!
I don't want to be too pessimistic but I won't hold my breath...
Also, you just know if it does get made it'll be cr*p :-(RepliesPut it down to experiencing years of remakes of old films/tv shows which almost without exception, have turned out to be at best mediocre and at worst terrible!
DeleteOf course when it comes to remakes, I tend to not mind some older film remakes as opposed to all of the TV shows done to since I started paying attention sometimes in the 80s. This UFO remake is exciting to me though. The TV show itself was trying for a "Kubrickesque" style of character portrayal while working with economic models and filming conditions. Done without too much celebrity and hype, it'd definitely work as a film for the nuts-and-bolt sci-fi 14 y/o middle-aged dude like myself.
- Bill BossertJanuary 18, 2013 at 6:01 PM
According to IMDBPro, Ali Larter is mentioned for a role as Virginia Lake? Can't imagine they are this close to shooting...
ReplyDelete Chris-On my part I would like to see it get done as there are so many possibilities today that we didn't have in the original show.
IMHO- in line with Reds pessimism one of the big pitfalls in remakes lies in trying so hard to modernize the plot you lose the story. Telling a good yarn is the sine-qua-non of good movies-willing suspension of disbelief. I thought they did a good job with the story on the BSG re-make.
POTA not so much.Update on the movies' website as of December 26th, Gerry Anderson's death, so it appears to be being maintained at least... we can hope!
ReplyDeleteThis will never happen. I wish it would, but after the Thunderbirds movie failure (mind you Gerry did not participate with the filming or promotion) almost 10 years ago, I doubt any Gerry Anderson television shows will ever make the big screen again. Besides, I would think that a re-tooled Space:1999 would be made before UFO.
ReplyDelete- AnonymousAugust 23, 2013 at 4:52 AM
The always "in developement" movie is "in production" now! They are really going forward! Hope we'll hear something about the cast and filming soon! :D
ReplyDelete - AnonymousAugust 28, 2013 at 3:19 PM
hope u.f.o. does get made , it would be a great way to say a very big thank you to the late great gerry anderson .for giving us oldish oldfoggies such an awesome childhood memories such as captain scarlet ,thunderbirds etc .i still remember all his series with fond memories , with all the modern special effects it would be truely amazing what could be done with u.f.o. .look at b.s.g. the effects were amazing so think what it would be like with u.f.o. cant wait .keep your fingers crossed all you lot out there and may be will see u.f.o. on the big screen .
ReplyDelete Like most of us here. We love what Gerry Anderson did with UFO & Space 1999.
It would be such classic move by Hollywood to make a big budget version of UFO. If they gave it all the treatment, it would be a stellar film.
Not interested who they cast in the title rolls. Just make the bloody thing already.
What a tribute it would be to Mr. Anderson.
I think i was lucky to have grown up in the 70's with the shows i had. What a great time for sci-fi on tv.