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'Teen Mom' Star's Disastrous Blind Date
Farrah Abraham, who went from being a "Teen Mom" star to making porn, had a rough blind date.2:45Ice-T Reveals Rare Unreleased Album
The rapper's shelved album after "Cop Killer" is auctioned off.2:32J.Lo Whips 'Idol' Judges and Fans Into a Frenzy
Lopez showed an "AI" hopeful how to stir up a crowd with her provocative move.1:48TV Dance Instructor's Racy Past Riles Fans
Instructor's past work in adult films outrages "Bring It" viewers.1:35'Breaking Bad' Actor's Strange Fan Encounter
Danny Trejo's memorable "Bad" character inspires a very odd request.2:06
'The Little Couple's' Adorable New Addition
Bill, Jen, and their son, Will, travel to India to adopt a young girl.1:32'Originals' Star Dishes on Best Kissers
Claire Holt reveals the best kissers from both "The Originals" and "The Vampire Diaries."2:58Bachelor's Embarrassing Wedding Night
Sean and Catherine share details about their "quick" wedding night and honeymoon horror story.2:04
News for You
- Winklevoss twins use bitcoins to book space trip
By Noel Randewich SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - You can't spend bitcoins at Amazon.com or to pay your mortgage but, as the Winklevoss twins showed on Wednesday, you can use the digital currency to book a trip into suborbital space. Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, who famously accused Facebook Inc founder Mark Zuckerberg of stealing their idea, said they used bitcoins to buy tickets for a high-altitude voyage on billionaire Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic commercial spaceflight venture. The brothers, Olympic rowers who earned MBA degrees from Oxford University, have become bitcoin evangelists and investors and are planning to launch a fund to make it easy to trade the digital currency on the stock market. In a blog post, Tyler Winklevoss compared Branson's space endeavor and bitcoin entrepreneurs to major historical figures who changed the way the world was perceived, like Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama and Nicolaus Copernicus.
'American Idol' Top 13 Recap: Everything New Is New Again
Thu, Feb 27, 2014 12:03 AM PST'The Walking Dead' Premiere Recap: 'I'd Be Fine If You Died'
Sun, Feb 9, 2014 7:51 PM PST'American Idol' Season 13 Premiere Recap: Just Wild About Harry
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Tue, Jan 7, 2014 5:29 AM PST'The Vampire Diaries' Shipper-cap: Can Damon Overcome His Demons for Elena?
Fri, Dec 13, 2013 12:40 PM PST


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A group of consolidated class action lawsuits against Apple and 8 other defendants was dismissed by San Jose U.S. District Judge Lucy Koh today. The complaint centered around claims that...
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Samsung has asked US District Judge Lucy Koh to examine the possibility that juror bias existed in the Apple vs. Samsung lawsuit that yielded a $1.1 billion Apple victory. A hearing for the juror bias case is set for December 6, 201... Read Post
A federal court in California has again dismissed a class action lawsuit brought by Google users who claimed the search giant broke the law when it combined the privacy policies of Gmail, YouTube and a variety of other services. In ... Read Post
A class action lawsuit filed against Facebook over its FriendFinder feature was dismissed yesterday by a California federal judge. In the case of Robyn Cohen, et al. v. Facebook, a group of the network's members alleged that Faceboo... Read Post

subset: commoncrawl


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TEDxColumbus – Phil Cogley – Looped Up
Phil Cogley/ Looped up Also known as The Saturday Giant, Phil Cogley draws on his skills as an arranger and performs as a one-man band, employing looping technology to build lush arrangements comprised of beatboxing, guitar soundscapes and vocals. About Phil: After a period of experimentation with a variety of recording techniques and instrumentation, and amidst a one year sojourn in Pittsburgh, Cogley set to work writing and recording his debut effort, a concept album titled You've Heard of Dragons. The Album posits the hypothetical scenario of world domination by malevolent reptilian humaniods (say that three times fast!) as a way of grappling with war, natural disasters, and the end of theworld. About TEDx, x = independently organized event In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized. (Subject to certain rules and regulations.)


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21 Feb 2010 | #1 |
| All browsers apart from IE now working Hi, I am a web developer, and so need access to a large number of web browsers. About a week ago Chrome stopped working with the error Error 10 (net::ERR_ACCESS_DENIED): Unknown error. I reinstalled with no success. I then had work which required firefox and opera. I downloaded and installed these but both of these are unable to load web pages. I can, however, use IE8 as normal. Outlook, thunderbird and a number of other desktop programs can also access the internet fine. I can ping fine. Firefox, opera, and chorme all work when browsing to a server installed on my local machine, but cannont browse external sites. I disabled windows firewall and this did not make a difference. I uninstalled and reinstalled all browsers agian and restarted, this did not help. I tried creating two different user accounts, one administrator and one normal, both of these can run ie8 fine, but not the other web browsers. I am very confused as to what could be causing this and would love it if someone can help! Mike |
My System Specs |
. |
21 Feb 2010 | #2 |
| This error seems to be caused by an Anti-Virus update not working right. You can try reinstalling your AV, or remove the update. ~Lordbob |
My System Specs |
21 Feb 2010 | #3 |
| Thanks LordBob, can you give me a bit more of a hint on where I need to look to uninstall this update? Does it have a name? Do I do it through windows updater? Thanks, Mike |
My System Specs |
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21 Feb 2010 | #4 |
| I have no idea, it will depend on your Anti-Virus. What are you using? I would check the Anti-Virus program to see if you can un-update it. Also, you could just uninstall, then reinstall it. ~Lordbob |
My System Specs |
22 Feb 2010 | #5 |
| Bingo! Yeah it was stupid norton. Uninstalled that ******* ftw! thanks heaps mate |
My System Specs |
22 Feb 2010 | #6 |
| Alright. I recommend MSE if you want a new AV program. ~Lordbob |
My System Specs |
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Great, more government spending
No offense intended, my son is a lawyer for instance, but we need fewer things to litigate about, not more lawyers. Perhaps if they passed laws that were not 2000 pages long in the middle of the night without reading them it might be easier to observe the laws. Then again, think of the bulge in the unemployment rate when fewer lawyers are needed to prosecute or defend vague horse hockey.
Way to go Joe, spend some more money the country does not have, oh that's right, just get the printing machine going.
Washington Wire is one of the oldest standing features in American journalism. Since the Wire launched on Sept. 20, 1940, the Journal has offered readers an informal look at the capital's comings and goings in a series of newsy, and sometimes even gossipy, items. Now online, the Wire provides a succession of glimpses at what's happening behind hot stories and warnings of what to watch for in the days ahead. The Wire is the collective product of the Journal's Washington bureau. Write to us at email@example.com.


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For seasoned lawyers who have been practicing for years, social media isn't necessarily second nature. In fact, some don't know the difference between tagging and tweeting.
However, Pew Research estimates that 65 percent of adults log into social media every day. Therefore, like it or not, New Jersey lawyers need to understand the basics of sites like Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn simply to represent their clients effectively.
First, social media posts and pictures are increasingly being requested as part of the discovery process. Information gleaned from Facebook, Twitter, and other similar sites has the power to influence criminal matters, employment lawsuits, insurance claims/personal injury, family law and even general business litigation. Last month, a Georgia woman's damage award in a car accident lawsuit was cut in half, in large part due to Twitter posts appearing to show that she was enjoying a full life after the crash. However, social media information is of no use to lawyers unless they understand how to collect, preserve, and authenticate it.
Second, social media can be a substantive legal issue. The number of cases involving sites like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn has climbed in the past several years. For example, a California federal court was asked to consider whether Twitter followers could be classified as proprietary business information. Similarly, a Pennsylvania court was asked to determine what should happen to an employee's LinkedIn account when he or she leaves the company. The actual social media companies have also become the subject of lawsuits, with several class-action lawsuits challenging their privacy policies and data collection procedures.
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A year ago today, Kim Jong Il died. North Korea marked the occasion by reopening the Kim family palace where the body of the former dictator and his father are laid out.
At noon, the country paused for a three-minute tribute, according to state media. People bowed their heads in silence, while horns were blared from cars, trains and ships.
Two days after successfully launching a rocket into space, North Korea's propaganda apparatus kicked in to make sure the world knows that dictator Kim Jong Eun played an important role in making it happen.
It even sent out a bunch of pictures to underscore the message, including one of the young dictator relaxing with a cigarette once it was in the air.
Kenji Fujimoto, ex-sushi chef to Kim Jong Il, appeared to shed tears Thursday recalling the day he learned of a possible rapprochement with Pyongyang's Kim dynasty.
He also shed light on which year North Korea's current dictator, Kim Jong Eun, was born, a detail that has yet to be confirmed.
North Korea is once again drawing global attention for its plan to test long-range missile technology, or what it calls shooting a rocket into space.
But in recent days, there have also been some developments and reports that, while hard or impossible to verify, may wind up being more significant in the near future.
In what may be the second major shake-up at the top of North Korea's military this year, dictator Kim Jong Eun is believed by South Korean officials to have replaced another defense chief.
Reports circulated in Seoul on Thursday that Vice Marshal Kim Jong Gak, who just in February was promoted to that highest-level post below the dictator himself, is now out.
The official voice of the Chinese Communist Party appears to have been had.
The People's Daily newspaper, which for more than six decades has sternly spouted the party line, on Tuesday posted on its website a 55-photo slideshow dedicated to North Korean dictator Kim Jong Eun. The occasion: The satirical newspaper the Onion earlier this month declared the double-chinned Mr. Kim the "sexiest man alive for 2012."
Various rumors and reports have been circulating in past months that North Korea's new leader Kim Jong Eun was planning to introduce new reforms to lift his nation's battered economy.
But two North Korea experts in Japan now say that, contrary to such expectations, the authoritarian regime may actually be getting ready to tighten its grip on the economy through restrictions imposed on informal private markets.
North Korea's state news agency appears to have recently learned another one of the basics of journalism – saying when something happened.
Early Tuesday morning, Korean Central News Agency published two news items about things that its dictator did yesterday – and actually put "Monday" at the top of the story.
When journalists found out last October that Kim Jong Il's grandson was attending school in Bosnia, it sparked a frenzy of activity to learn more about Kim Han Sol. The trail soon went cold and the young Kim got on with his studies out of the media spotlight.
He's back in it with a bang with a remarkably candid TV interview.
North Korea's just-for-show parliament may have not addressed the economic reforms that outsiders were expecting when it met last week, but a couple of statements from its state media over the last few days suggest that the regime in Pyongyang is sensitive to criticism that it is not focused on the economy.
And some recent reports by North Korea watchers suggest a reason why the regime is touchy on the subject: inflation may again be destabilizing the economy.
Korea Real Time provides sharp analysis and insight into what's making news on the Korean peninsula. We chronicle the growing pains of South Korea — a country that has skyrocketed into the club of the world's richest nations but now faces significant headwinds, and shine a spotlight on one of the world's biggest geopolitical flashpoints: North Korea. Drawing on the expertise of The Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones Newswires, we'll tell the stories behind the headlines in business, economics, politics, culture and lifestyle. You can contact the editors at email@example.com


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Numerical Solution Of Reservoir Flow Models Based On Large Time Step Operator Splitting Algorithms (1999)
Venue: | FILTRATION IN POROUS MEDIA AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS, LECTURE NOTES IN MATHEMATICS |
Citations: | 25 - 14 self |
author = {Magne S. Espedal and Kenneth Hvistendahl Karlsen},
title = {Numerical Solution Of Reservoir Flow Models Based On Large Time Step Operator Splitting Algorithms},
booktitle = {FILTRATION IN POROUS MEDIA AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS, LECTURE NOTES IN MATHEMATICS},
year = {1999},
pages = {9--77},
publisher = {Springer}
Years of Citing Articles
During recent years the authors and collaborators have been involved in an activity related to the construction and analysis of large time step operator splitting algorithms for the numerical simulation of multi-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media. The purpose of these lecture notes is to review some of this activity. We illustrate the main ideas behind these novel operator splitting algorithms for a basic two-phase flow model. Special focus is posed on the numerical solution algorithms for the saturation equation, which is a convection dominated, degenerate convection-diffusion equation. Both theory and applications are discussed. The general background for the reservoir flow model is reviewed, and the main features of the numerical algorithms are presented. The basic mathematical results supporting the numerical algorithms are also given. In addition, we present some results from the BV solution theory for quasilinear degenerate parabolic equations, which provides the correct ...


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"Fearless Defenders" introduces another lesbian comic book character by Heather Hogan | October 15, 2013 Ren Kimura kinda kicks ass.
Afternoon Delight: Tina Fey and Amy Poehler to host the Golden Globes in 2014 and 2015 by Bridget McManus | October 15, 2013 Plus a first look at "Orphan Black" star Tatiana Maslany's appearance on "Parks and Recreation" and more!
Watch Now! Your first look at "Generation Cryo" by Trish Bendix | October 15, 2013 A teenager with two moms wants to find her sperm donor dad.
Diablo Cody's "Paradise" is not your typical Vegas movie by Chloë | October 15, 2013 Julianne Hough and Octavia Spencer go to Sin City.
The Hook Up: How to pick up a lady for friendship by Anna Pulley | October 15, 2013 Also please don't hook up with a girl you're not interested in.
Time-traveling, crime-fighting, inter-species lesbian super-couple will return to "Doctor Who" by Heather Hogan | October 15, 2013 Madame Vastra and Jenny will shepherd Twelve onto our TVs.
Morning Brew – Kalinda's love interest gets cut from "The Good Wife" by Trish Bendix | October 15, 2013 Plus Laura Prepon talks lesbian fans on "Arsenio Hall" and more.


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How Barcelona Players Fared on International Duty
By Jason Pettigrove ,
Neymar's Brazil went on the rampage against Australia.
The intermittent nature of the football season saw us break for internationals again just a few weeks in.
After a sparkling start to their La Liga campaign, Barcelona became victims of their own success once more with many of their star players replacing the Blaugrana with national team apparel.
A mixture of World Cup qualifiers and international friendlies populated the fixture list.
Let's take a look how the Barca players fared in their respective matches.
Andres Iniesta (right) was pass-master for Spain against Finland.
Gerardo Martino should be delighted that Barcelona's Spanish contingent enjoyed a quiet night against a lacklustre Finnish side.
Vicente Del Bosque decided to start with Real Madrid's Iker Casillas, despite his lack of minutes this season, thus ensuring that Victor Valdes had the most mundane of evenings.
Despite a slow start, Spain soon found their rhythm, and the familiar passing carousels were evident throughout. Barca players found each other at will.
Cesc Fabregas, Andres Iniesta and Jordi Alba linked particularly well down the left side, and when Alba darted forward on a trademark run, Fabregas' lofted ball to leave the left back with the simplest chance was pure poetry.
Iniesta was certainly enjoying his freedom. An imperious pass completion rate of 94 percent from 160 passes speaks for itself.
Xavi Hernandez, who else, was at the heart of everything that La Roja produced and contributed handsomely to a preposterous total of 922 completed passes. It was a fitting display from a player celebrating his 127th appearance for the national team, taking him to second in the all-time list, behind Casillas (150).
Perhaps only Pedro Rodriguez should be disappointed with his overall contribution. The winger really wasn't at the races all game and won't look back too fondly on his night's work.
Neymar capped a delightful performance with a goal.
Australia were a very poor match for a rampant Brazilian side, inspired by Bernard.
The Selecao were quick out of the blocks, and once Jo had opened the scoring on 11 minutes, there was only one winner in this game.
Two goals in two minutes as we approached half-time completely killed the game. Jo doubled his and his country's tally on 34 minutes; then Barcelona's new star Neymar made good on a Ramires through-ball for his 25th goal for Brazil.
So prolific is the 21-year-old that he is now only a single goal behind the totals of Robinho and Rivellino and just two away from Kaka.
His all-round contribution once again justified his selection, despite the match taking on the air of a training game in the second half, so poor were the opposition.
Alexis Sanchez was in sparkling form.
Alexis Sanchez's Chile side were another to enjoy a relatively easy night's work, as Venezuela offered little as an attacking force in this game.
Goalkeeper and captain Claudio Bravo had little to do, but was alert and quick to any infrequent danger.
A 3-0 win was just reward for a good all-round attacking performance from the Chileans, and Sanchez's industry and work rate were to the fore in this one.
Along with Eduardo Vargas, Sanchez was an omnipresent danger, the only surprise being that he didn't find his name on the scoresheet.
With 20 of Venezuela's 24 man squad unable to train due to illness, according to Thomas Hautmann of Fox Soccer, it's a wonder that the visitors could field a team at all.


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Grammadee94 |
MJ's Mom Katherine Jackson Fears Debbie Rowe Could Blow Lid Off Paternity Issue
In California the "husband" is "presumed" to be the father of any children born during the marriage… -
Slayer Guitarist Jeff Hanneman -- Band Says Rocker Died from Alcohol-Related Liver Failure
Alcohol Abuse killed the rocker -- Gee, WHAT a surprise!!!! --- NOT. Just looking at his physical… -
Lil Wayne -- Day 6 in Intensive Care
Gee, what a surprise ANOTHER rap "star" who IGNORES the warning signs that he NEEDS to STOP doing… -
Judge Judy Sued -- You Screwed Me Out of My Fine China!!!
$500 THOUSAND DOLLARS for dinnerware?????????? -
Michael Vick -- I've Spent $29 MILLION In Four Years
Why would he even WANT to tell the world that he'd gone through $30 million dollars in 4 years.… -
Gene Simmons' Daughter -- WRECKED in L.A.
Thank God she wasn't driving the "dumb" car that she had on "Family Jewels" She would either be… -
Billy Ray -- Hannah Montana 'Destroyed' My Family
What a joke! He's her FATHER! He could have stepped in and taken over Miley's "career" at any time… -
'Bachelor' Winner -- Elopes in Vegas
Like Father, like daughter??? Her dad's (Lorenzo) been married a gazillion time. Her GRANDFATHER,… -
FBI Investigated Sandra Bullock Murder Plot
You have GOT to be kidding me? Sandra better cut her losses and get out while she still can. Jesse…


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Amazing Iron Man Cosplay
November 19, 2010Despite what Ozzie may tell you, this is Iron Man. By: //bekkhans.com/
Picture Zombie Iron Man (Halloween 2k11)
October 31, 2011The world's foremost millionaire zombie superhero.
Picture Chinese Man Goes to Work in Full Iron Man Costume
June 15, 2011You dress for the job you want.
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*Update: See postscript at the end of this entry
After seven grinding exciting years of preparation, the Olympics are mercifully sadly over. So what did the foreigners think of it all? The "western media" are sometimes accused of prejudice against China, focusing too much on the negative and ignoring the positive. Not so Charles McGrath of the New York Times who had nothing bad at all to say about the Beijing Olympics. At least he didn't have anything bad to say after the Beijing Evening News had got through translating and improving his work, in the style of Xinhua's One-Edged Double-Edged Sword.
Original New York Times article (English).
Beijing Evening News translation/redaction (Chinese).
Beijing Puts On Happy Face for Games, Without Wrinkles
Beijing gives the world some youth and a smileAn August 11 New York Times report says: No one knows for sure how many people live in China, but the population is at least 1.3 billion. And thanks to increased longevity and the
one-child policyfamily planning rules, it is quickly aging.Demographers estimate that bBy 2050, more than a quarter of the people in China will be 60 or older.Visitors to the Olympics, however,
can be forgiven for thinkingare discovering that China is a land ofunnaturalyouthfulness where it seems nobody is older than 30. About 100,000 volunteers, wearing blue "Beijing 2008" shirts, are working at these Games, staffing the stadiums, gymnasiums and security stations,driving golf carts, answering questions or just standing around and greeting people — "communicating smile and building harmony," in the words of a Beijing organizing committee news release.all of them wearing a smile. Close to 90 percent of them are in their 20s.Older Chinese, and there are plenty in Beijing, are mostly out of sight.
All Olympics are a little unnatural, of course: they are biennial intervals of make-believe when the world pretends to be a happier and friendlier place. AndNew York Times reporter Charles Mcgrath says all Olympics depend on volunteers, high school and college students especially. At tThe 2002 Olympics in Salt Lake City, for example,enlisted squads of smiling, bright-eyed students from Brigham Young and the other local universitiesthey welcomed the whole world with smiling faces.But the Beijing Olympics are remarkable for the immense number of young people working at the Games,
seeminglyall of them cheerful, polite, friendly and determined to create a good impression.
"We want to let the world know that China is powerful and that the Chinese people are very friendly," said Wang Fei, a 20-year-old college sophomore who was working at the newsstand in the news media center.
The volunteers are part of a much larger script for what may be the most carefully stage-managed spectacle in Olympic history — a grand-scale version of the opening ceremony, intended to demonstrate to the world, and even to the Chinese, that the country has finally arrived as a world-class actor.
For one thing,Tthe stage set has been expanded to include not just the various sports venues but the entire city of Beijing.The beggars and the homeless have been rounded up and banished from the streets. People have been urged to quit smoking and spitting, and to adopt the Western custom of standing in line for a bus, instead of jostling.
Entire neighborhoods, especially some of the mazelike alleys known as hutong, have been razed to make way for newer, less-unsightlyThere are big, modern apartment blocks. And some 40 million plants have been placed along the road to the airport and in baskets along the downtown medians. It is as ifthe city has been hermetically sealed in a way that would eliminate anything unpleasantcheerfulness permeates the entire city.
The organizers have not entirely succeeded in controlling the climate or Beijing's smog problem, nor were they able to make good on their promise to teach all the cabdrivers basic English. But not for want of trying.Traffic has been cut in half by allowing only cars with license plates ending in an even number to drive one day, and cars with odd-numbered plates the next.
Roads have been shut down in the areas where many of the events are taking place.Some roads have been shut down because it is necessary for the events.Earlier in the summer, climatologists were even shooting rockets tipped with silver iodide into the clouds in an attempt to seed them.Security personnel are everywhere: white-shirted security guards; the regular, blue-uniformed traffic cops; and
the hard-to-missfully armed armed police who stand at attention for hours, looking straight ahead, with their arms rigidly at their sides. Yet the police presence is not nearly as intrusive as it was at the Seoul Olympics in 1988, when pedestrians were herded along with batons.
This may be one of the government's shrewdest touches of stagecraft, even after the stabbing of an American tourist at the Drum Tower — to make the massive security presence seem not invisible, exactly, but unthreatening. A few of the stern, impassive armed police were even seen to smile on occasion.
Journalists, about whom the government seemed so wary before the Games — shutting down their access to human-rights Web sites and those critical of China — have been practically pampered.
But it is the legions of volunteers who make the greatest impression,and who seem to be sending the strongest message about how China wishes to be perceivedstriving to convince us that China longs to be understood.This is the face the country is showing to the world: young, eager, proud and patriotic.China is, without doubt, a youthful and energetic country.Most of the volunteers are college students, and many are from Beijing; they can return to their dormitories at the end of their 12-hour shifts, unless, as often happens, there is overtime.
The college population is a logical resource for any organization that needs to round up a lot of willing help.As one volunteer, who declined to give her name, pointed outsaid: "I feel likeeveryone from my collegewhoappliedgot this positionto be a volunteer. After all, we are young and full of passion, which is all it takes to be a volunteer."
But that there are so many of them, and that they are so focused on their task, is no accident. There are few middle-age volunteers, in part, perhaps, because people in their 40s and 50s have lived through some of China's political upheavals and have more complicated feelings about the country than the patriotic young. Here, it is not uncommon for help-wanted ads to specify that applicants must be attractive or of a certain height. Employers are accustomed to finding exactly what they are looking for.Almost a million people applied to be volunteers; a tenth of them were chosen. Successful applicants had to pass two rounds of written examinations and interviews. Tony Qi, who is working as a driver, said he had to pass tests in English, in driving skill and in knowledge of the Olympics.
Volunteers with the best linguistic skills appear to have been assigned the best jobs — the indoor ones, interacting with the news media. Those less fluent were put on traffic or security detail and stand out in the smog all day.
But almostEeveryone knows at least "Hello," "O.K." and "Have a good day,"so it's possible for English-speaking visitors to have friendly conversations not much different from the ones they have in the elevator every morning back homemaking English speaking visitors all feel at ease.
The volunteers are so polite and friendly, in fact, that it can be a little disconcerting. It would be Stepford-like if the eagerness to please were not so seemingly genuine.A volunteer called Qiis in his 40s and thus a little long in the tooth for a volunteer, though not as much as 87-year-old Sun Fangchu, an engineer working at the Bird's Nest. Qi is a sales manager for Nestle, and hegave up his 10-day annual leave to work at the Olympics."We have been waiting for seven years," he said. "We feel it's really an honor to do something for our country."
Volunteer Wang Fei said: "We have great patience. To serve
peopleforeign friends is our pleasure."
Unscripted bursts of patriotism have been happening all over the city. On Thursday night, a toll-taker at the Beijao exit off the airport expressway was making a shy but earnest effort to speak English to foreign motorists. She had been issued a traditional satin blouse for the Olympics, and her booth had been retrofitted to make it look like a pagoda. Flight attendants on a Hainan Airlines flight from Shanghai to Beijing were handing out small Chinese flags and cheering, "Go China!"During the opening ceremony Friday, about 50 volunteers spontaneously gathered by a big flat-screen television in the news media center
and sangas the Chinese national anthem was playingwhile takingand took pictures of themselvesand of the screen with their cellphone camerastogether.Even the very young have
been pressed intotaken part in voluntary service. In the elementary schools, students have been studying and preparing for the Olympics and for years. Each school has adopted one of the visiting teams and has learned all about that country.At
the Tianhuaa pPrimary sSchool in Beijing, for example, the students were becoming experts on Botswana; they knew that the people ate corn and that their favorite animal was the bull.Some were learning how to cheer — it is a good thing to applaud when the Botswanans play well, but not when the other team stumbles — and to sing Botswana's national anthem. Lucky students would even attend the Games and help fill the stands.
The point of the exercise, Chinese officials said, is not just to reward the children, but to demonstrate that China's might does not stop on the playing fields. It also extends to the classroom.….The Chinese government believes this complements both the classroom, and also extends the playing fields.
"I believe it is the biggest public education campaign that history has ever seen," said Jiang Xiaoyu, the executive vice president of the Beijing organizing committee.Wang Hui, the director of the organizing committee's media and communications department, said, "Our strength is our numbers, and with our people, we can do anything."
*POSTSCRIPT (Aug. 29)
When I was putting this post together, I originally intended to add a few thoughts and caveats. As it turned out, though, Internet access to a number of sites (eg. ESWN, China Law Blog, Zhongnanhai and my own blog) was cut on my ISP in Beijing for about eight hours, meaning I had to do all the editing via a very slow proxy. By the time I finished, I decided enough was enough and that I would add my own thoughts later.
CTENBP, in the comments below, raises one of the points I was going to make myself: translating between two very different languages means that an idea will often have to be expressed in a different way if it is to communicate the same thing. One very clear example of this in the article above occurs in the very first paragraph: the one-child policy is a misnomer, but it is the term known in English. In Chinese it is referred to, more correctly, as the family planning policy. For that reason, it would have been better to have left the original phrase untouched.
Another aspect I was planning to mention has been pointed out by Imagethief - also in comments below: some of the deletions and paraphrasing would have simply been due to space requirements - something all newspapers have to deal with anywhere. (Correction: Imagethief was joking - see second comment by Will.)
One thing I hadn't planned, though, was to accidentally delete two phrases that are in fact in the Beijing Evening News: 抑或是仅仅向外国友人表示欢迎 ("or just standing around and greeting people") and 中国人民对于自己国家的热爱和自豪 ("This is the face the country is showing to the world: young, eager, proud and patriotic"). Many thanks, CTENBP, for pointing these out - I'm embarrassed that I missed these.
However, caveats aside, one overwhelming fact remains: every single statement that could possibly be seen as negative - and there's quite a lot - has been expunged from the Beijing Evening News article, and almost every nuanced phrase that carries any negative connotations has been turned into one of unqualified praise. In some instances, this can simply be error (as with my own unfortunate mistakes). But genuine errors cannot always be in one direction. The New York Times article expresses admiration for some aspects of Beijing's preparations, disapproval of other aspects and also a slightly disoriented mixture of the two. There is no way the Beijing Evening News article could in any way be said to have remotely reflected this. And it cannot be called a summary if it does not actually summarize the original.
It should go without saying that similar examples of misrepresentation can be found in European and American reports.


text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Assassination of John F. Kennedy | |
President Kennedy with his wife, Jacqueline, and Governor of Texas John Connally in the presidential limousine, minutes before the President's assassination | |
Location | Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas |
Coordinates | 32°46′45″N 96°48′31″W / 32.77903°N 96.80867°WCoordinates: 32°46′45″N 96°48′31″W / 32.77903°N 96.80867°W |
Date | November 22, 1963 12:30 p.m. (CST) |
Target | John F. Kennedy |
Attack type | Sniper style assassination |
Weapon(s) | 6.5 × 52 mm Italian Carcano M91/38 bolt-action rifle |
Deaths | 1 killed (Kennedy) |
Injured (non-fatal) | 2 wounded (John Connally, James Tague) |
Perpetrator | Lee Harvey Oswald |
Assassination of John F. Kennedy | |
President Kennedy with his wife, Jacqueline, and Governor of Texas John Connally in the presidential limousine, minutes before the President's assassination | |
Location | Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas |
Coordinates | 32°46′45″N 96°48′31″W / 32.77903°N 96.80867°WCoordinates: 32°46′45″N 96°48′31″W / 32.77903°N 96.80867°W |
Date | November 22, 1963 12:30 p.m. (CST) |
Target | John F. Kennedy |
Attack type | Sniper style assassination |
Weapon(s) | 6.5 × 52 mm Italian Carcano M91/38 bolt-action rifle |
Deaths | 1 killed (Kennedy) |
Injured (non-fatal) | 2 wounded (John Connally, James Tague) |
Perpetrator | Lee Harvey Oswald |
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC) on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas.[1][2] Kennedy was fatally shot by a sniper while traveling with his wife Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally's wife Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation from November 1963 to September 1964 by the Warren Commission concluded that Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, acting alone, and that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial.
Although the Commission's conclusions were initially supported by a majority of the American public,[3] polls conducted between 1966 and 2003 found that as many as 80 percent of Americans have suspected that there was a plot or cover-up.[4][5] A 1998 CBS News poll showed that 76% of Americans believed Kennedy had been killed as the result of a conspiracy.[6] A 2013 AP poll showed that, although the percentage had fallen, more than 59% of those polled still believed that more than one person was involved in the President's murder.[7][8] A Gallup Poll in mid-November 2013 showed 61% believed in a conspiracy and 30% thought Oswald did it alone.[9]
In contrast to the conclusions of the Warren Commission, the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded in 1978 that Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy.[10] The HSCA found the original FBI investigation and the Warren Commission Report to be seriously flawed. While agreeing with the Commission that Oswald fired all the shots which caused the wounds to Kennedy and Connally, the HSCA stated that there were at least four shots fired (only three of which could be linked to Oswald) and that there was "...a high probability that two gunmen fired at [the] President."[11][12]
The HSCA did not identify any other person or group involved in the assassination besides Oswald, but they did specifically say the CIA, the Soviet Union, organized crime, and several other groups were not involved, although they could not rule out the involvement of individual members of those groups. Kennedy's assassination is still the subject of widespread debate and has spawned numerous conspiracy theories and alternative scenarios.
The motorcade route through Dallas was planned to give Kennedy maximum exposure to Dallas crowds before his arrival,[13] with Vice-President Lyndon Johnson and Connally, for a luncheon with civic and business leaders. Kennedy would arrive at Dallas' Love Field via a short flight from Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth.[13][14]
The Dallas Trade Mart had been preliminarily selected for the luncheon and the final decision of the Trade Mart as the end of the motorcade journey was selected by Kennedy's friend and appointments secretary Kenneth O'Donnell.[13][14] Leaving from Dallas' Love Field, 45 minutes had been allotted for the motorcade to reach the Dallas Trade Mart at a planned arrival time of 12:15 p.m. The actual route was chosen to be a meandering 10-mile (16-km) route from Love Field to the Trade Mart which could be driven slowly in the allotted time.
Special Agent Winston G. Lawson, a member of the White House detail who acted as the advance Secret Service Agent, and Secret Service Agent Forrest V. Sorrels, Special Agent In Charge of the Dallas office, were most active in planning the actual route. On November 14, Lawson and Sorrels attended a meeting at Love Field and drove over the route which Sorrels believed best suited for the motorcade. From Love Field, the route passed through a portion of suburban Dallas, through the downtown area along Main Street, and finally to the Trade Mart via a short segment of the Stemmons Freeway.[15]
For the President's return to Love Field, from which he planned to depart for a fund-raising dinner in Austin later in the day, the agents selected a more direct route, which was approximately 4 miles, or 6.4 kilometers (some of this route would be used after the assassination). The planned route to the Trade Mart was widely reported in Dallas newspapers several days before the event, for the benefit of people who wished to view the motorcade.[15]
To pass through downtown Dallas, a route west along Dallas' Main Street, rather than Elm Street (one block to the north) was chosen, because this was the traditional parade route, and provided the maximal building and crowd views. The Main Street route precluded a direct turn onto the Fort Worth Turnpike exit (which served also as the Stemmons Freeway exit), which was the route to the Trade Mart, because this exit was accessible only from Elm Street. The planned motorcade route thus included a short one-block turn at the end of the downtown segment of Main Street, onto Houston Street for one block northward, before turning again west onto Elm, in order to proceed through Dealey Plaza before exiting Elm onto the Stemmons Freeway. The Texas School Book Depository was situated at this corner of Houston and Elm.[16]
Three vehicles were used for secret service and police protection in the Dallas motorcade. The first car, an unmarked white Ford (hardtop), consisted of Dallas police chief Jesse Curry, secret service agent Win Lawson, Sheriff Bill Decker and Dallas field agent Forrest Sorrels. In the second car, a 1961 Lincoln Continental convertible driven by agent Bill Greer, were agent Roy Kellerman, Connally, Nellie Connally, Kennedy and Jackie Kennedy.[17]
The third car, a 1955 Cadillac convertible driven by agent Sam Kinney, carried agent Emory Roberts, presidential aides Ken O'Donnell and Dave Powers, driver agent George Hickey and agent Glen Bennett. Secret Service agents Clint Hill, Jack Ready, Tim McIntyre and Paul Landis rode on the running boards. There was an AR-15 rifle in the third vehicle.[17]
On November 22, after a breakfast speech in Fort Worth, where Kennedy had stayed overnight after arriving from San Antonio, Houston and Washington, D.C. the previous day,[18] Kennedy boarded Air Force One, which departed at 11:10 and arrived at Love Field 15 minutes later. At about 11:40, the presidential motorcade left Love Field for the trip through Dallas, which was running about ten minutes longer than the planned 45 minutes due to enthusiastic crowds (estimated at 150,000–200,000 persons) and two unplanned stops directed by Kennedy.[19] By the time the motorcade reached Dealey Plaza they were only 5 minutes away from their planned destination.
At 12:29 p.m. CST, as the open limousine entered Dealey Plaza, Nellie Connally, then the First Lady of Texas, turned to Kennedy, who was sitting behind her, and commented, "Mr. President, you can't say Dallas doesn't love you", which Kennedy acknowledged.[1][2]
As the presidential limousine turned left from Houston Street onto Elm Street, it passed the Texas School Book Depository. Seconds after the turn, shots were heard. Most witnesses recalled hearing three shots.[20]
Though a few witnesses recognized the sound they heard as that of a weapon, there was little reaction to it. Many later said they thought they heard a firecracker, or vehicle backfire, just after Kennedy started waving.[21][22]
Within one second of one another (Zapruder film frames 155–169) Kennedy, Connally, and Mrs. Kennedy, all turned abruptly from facing left to facing right.[23] Connally testified he immediately recognized the sound of a high-powered rifle, then he turned his head and torso rightward, attempting to see Kennedy behind him. Connally later testified he could not see Kennedy, so he then started to turn forward again (turning from his right to his left). Connally testified that when his head was facing about 20 degrees left of center,[2] he was hit in his upper right back by a bullet he did not hear fired. The doctor who operated on Connally measured his head at the time he was hit as turned 27 degrees left of center.[2] After Connally was hit he shouted, "Oh, no, no, no. My God. They're going to kill us all!"[24]
Mrs. Connally testified that just after hearing a first loud, frightening noise that came from somewhere behind her and to her right, she turned toward Kennedy and saw him with his arms and elbows raised high, with his hands in front of his face and throat. She then heard another gunshot and then Connally yelling. Mrs. Connally then turned away from Kennedy toward her husband, at which point another gunshot sounded and she and the limousine's rear interior were covered with fragments of skull, blood, and brain.
According to the Warren Commission,[25] and the House Select Committee on Assassinations,[26] as Kennedy waved to the crowds on his right with his right arm upraised on the side of the limo, a shot entered his upper back, penetrated his neck, slightly damaged a spinal vertebra and the top of his right lung, and exited his throat nearly centerline just beneath his larynx, nicking the left side of his suit tie knot. He raised his elbows and clenched his fists in front of his face and neck, then leaned forward and left. Mrs. Kennedy, facing him, then put her arms around him in concern.[2][27]
Connally also reacted after the same bullet penetrated his back just below his right armpit, creating an oval entry wound, impacted and destroyed four inches of his right fifth rib, exited his chest just below his right nipple, creating a two-and-a-half inch oval sucking-air chest wound, entered his arm just above his right wrist, cleanly shattered his right radius bone into eight pieces, exited just below the wrist at the inner side of his right palm, and finally lodged in his left inner thigh.[2][27] The Warren Commission theorized that the "single bullet" (see single bullet theory) struck sometime between Zapruder frames 210 to 225, while the House Select Committee theorized that it struck exactly at Zapruder frame 190.[28]
According to the Warren Commission, a second shot struck Kennedy at Zapruder film frame 313. The Commission made no conclusion as to whether this was the second or third bullet fired. The presidential limousine was then passing in front of the John Neely Bryan north pergola concrete structure. Meanwhile, the House Select Committee concluded that a fourth shot was then fired at almost the same time, from a separate sniper, but that it missed. Each body concluded that the second shot to hit Kennedy entered the rear of his head (the House Select Committee placed the entry wound four inches higher than the Warren Commission placed it) and, passing in fragments through his head, created a large, "roughly ovular" [sic] hole on the rear, right side. The president's blood and fragments of his scalp, brain, and skull landed on the interior of the car, the inner and outer surfaces of the front glass windshield and raised sun visors, the front engine hood, the rear trunk lid, the followup Secret Service car and its driver's left arm, and motorcycle officers riding on both sides of Kennedy, somewhat behind him.[29][30]
United States Secret Service Special Agent Clint Hill was riding on the left front running board of the follow-up car, which was immediately behind the Presidential limousine. Hill testified that he heard one shot, then, as documented in other films and concurrent with Zapruder frame 308, he jumped off into the street, ran forward, and leapt onto the rear of the presidential limousine. (Hill later testified to hearing two more shots after jumping into the street.)[31]
After the shot to President Kennedy's head, Mrs. Kennedy began to climb onto the back of the limousine, though she later had no recollection of doing so.[24][32] Hill believed she was reaching for something, perhaps a piece of the President's skull.[31] He jumped onto the back of the limousine while at the same time Mrs. Kennedy returned to her seat, and he clung to the car as it exited Dealey Plaza and accelerated, speeding to Parkland Memorial Hospital.
After Mrs. Kennedy crawled back into her limousine seat, both Governor Connally and Mrs. Connally heard her say more than once, "They have killed my husband," and "I have his brains in my hand."[1][2] In a long-redacted interview for Life magazine days later, Mrs. Kennedy recalled, "All the ride to the hospital I kept bending over him saying, 'Jack, Jack, can you hear me? I love you, Jack.' I kept holding the top of his head down trying to keep the..." The President's widow could not finish her sentence.[33]
Connally, who had been in a seat forward of Kennedy and three inches to his left, was also critically injured but survived. Doctors later stated that after Connally was shot, his wife pulled him onto her lap, which helped close his chest wound (through which air was being drawn into his chest, collapsing his right lung).
Witness James Tague also received a minor wound to his right cheek while standing on Dealey Plaza 531 feet (162 m) from the Depository's sixth floor, easternmost window, 270 feet (82 m) in front of and slightly to the right of Kennedy's head-facing direction, and about 16 feet (4.9 m) below the president's head. Tague's injury occurred when a bullet or bullet fragment struck the nearby Main Street south curb. Tague at first told the Warren Commission that he believed that either the second or third shot he heard was the one that struck him; pressed further, he said he believed he was struck with the second shot and had heard the third shot afterwards.[34]
The presidential limousine was passing a grassy knoll on the north side of Elm Street at the moment of the fatal head shot. As the motorcade left the plaza, police officers and spectators ran up the knoll and from a railroad bridge over Elm Street (the triple underpass), to the area behind a five-foot (1.5 m) high stockade fence atop the knoll, separating it from a parking lot. No sniper was found.[35] S. M. Holland, who had been watching the motorcade on the triple underpass, testified that "immediately" after the shots were fired, he went around the corner where the overpass joined the fence, but did not see anyone running from the area.[36][37]
Lee Bowers, a railroad switchman sitting in a two-story tower,[37] had an unobstructed view of the rear of the stockade fence atop the grassy knoll during the shooting.[38] He saw a total of four men in the area between his tower and Elm Street: a middle-aged man and a younger man, standing 10 to 15 feet (3.0 to 4.6 m) apart near the triple underpass, who did not seem to know each other, and one or two uniformed parking lot attendants. At the time of the shooting, he saw "something out of the ordinary, a sort of milling around," which he could not identify. Bowers testified that one or both of the men were still there when motorcycle officer Clyde Haygood ran up the grassy knoll to the back of the fence.[39] In a 1966 interview, Bowers clarified that the two men he saw were standing in the opening between the pergola and the fence, and that "no one" was behind the fence at the time the shots were fired.[40][41]
Meanwhile, steamfitter Howard Brennan told police he had been sitting across the street from the Depository; as the motorcade passed him he heard a shot from above, then looked up to just as a man with a rifle at a corner window on the sixth floor shot again. He said he had seen the man minutes earlier at the same window.[42] (After the second shot was fired, Brennan recalled, "This man I saw previous was aiming for his last shot ... and maybe paused for another second as though to assure himself that he had hit his mark.")[43] Brennan's description of this man[44] was broadcast to Dallas police at 12:45 p.m., 12:48 p.m., and 12:55 p.m.[45]
As Brennan spoke to the police in front of the building, they were joined by Depository employees Harold Norman and James Jarman, Jr.,[46] who had watched the motorcade from windows at the southeast corner of the fifth floor.[47] Norman reported hearing three shots come from directly over their heads,[48] plus the characteristic sounds of a bolt-action rifle being prepared for successive shots and cartridges striking the floor above them.[49]
Estimates of when police closed the entrances to the Depository range from 12:33 to after 12:50 p.m.[50][51]
Of the 104 witnesses on record with an opinion as to the direction from which the shots came, 54 thought that all shots came from the direction of the Depository, 33 thought that all shots came from the area of the grassy knoll or the triple underpass, nine thought all shots came from a location entirely distinct from the knoll or the Depository, five thought they heard shots from two locations, and three thought the shots came from a direction consistent with both the knoll and the Depository.[20][A]
Additionally, the Warren Commission said of the three shots they concluded were fired that "a substantial majority of the witnesses stated that the shots were not evenly spaced. Most witnesses recalled that the second and third shots were bunched together."[52]
Lee Harvey Oswald, reported missing to the Dallas police by Roy Truly, his supervisor at the Depository,[53] was arrested approximately 70 minutes after the assassination for the murder of Dallas police officer J. D. Tippit. According to witness Helen Markam, Tippit had spotted Oswald walking along a sidewalk in the residential neighborhood of Oak Cliff,[54] three miles from Dealey Plaza. Officer Tippit had earlier received a radio message which gave a description of the suspect being sought in the assassination and called Oswald over to the patrol car.
Helen Markam testified that after an exchange of words, Tippit got out of his car and Oswald shot him four times.[54] Oswald was next seen by shoe store manager Johnny Brewer "ducking into" the entrance alcove of his store. Suspicious of this activity, Brewer watched Oswald continue up the street and slip into the nearby Texas Theatre without paying.[55] Brewer alerted the theater's ticket clerk, who telephoned police[56] at about 1:40 p.m.
According to one of the arresting officers, M.N. McDonald, Oswald resisted arrest and was attempting to draw his pistol when he was struck and forcibly restrained by the police.[57] He was charged with the murders of Kennedy and Tippit later that night.[58] Oswald denied shooting anyone and claimed he was a patsy who was arrested because he had lived in the Soviet Union.[59][60][61]
Oswald's case never came to trial because two days later, while being escorted to a car for transfer from Dallas Police Headquarters to the Dallas County Jail, he was shot and killed by Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby, live on American television. Arrested immediately after the shooting, Ruby later said that he had been distraught over the Kennedy assassination and that killing Oswald would spare "...Mrs. Kennedy the discomfiture of coming back to trial."[62]
A 6.5×52mm Mannlicher-Carcano Italian Carcano M91/38 bolt-action rifle was found on the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository by Deputy Constable Seymour Weitzman and Deputy Sheriff Eugene Boone soon after the shooting.[63] The recovery was filmed by Tom Alyea of WFAA-TV.[64]
This footage shows the rifle to be a Carcano, and it was later verified by photographic analysis commissioned by the HSCA that the rifle filmed was the same one later identified as the assassination weapon.[65] Compared to photographs taken of Oswald holding the rifle in his backyard, "one notch in the stock at [a] point that appears very faintly in the photograph" matched,[66] as well as the rifle's dimensions.[67]
The previous March, the Carcano rifle had been bought by Oswald under the name "A. Hidell" and delivered to a post-office box Oswald rented in Dallas.[68] According to the Warren Commission Report, a partial palm print of Oswald was also found on the barrel of the gun,[69][70] and a tuft of fibers found in a crevice of the rifle was consistent with the fibers and colors of the shirt Oswald was wearing at the time of his arrest.[71][72]
A bullet found on Connally's hospital gurney, and two bullet fragments found in the Presidential limousine, were ballistically matched to this rifle.[73]
The staff at Parkland Hospital's Trauma Room 1 who treated Kennedy observed that his condition was "moribund" (a mortal wound), meaning that he had no chance of survival upon arriving at the hospital. Dr. George Burkley,[74] the President's personal physician, stated that a gunshot wound to the skull was the cause of death. Dr. Burkley signed Kennedy's death certificate.[75]
At 1:00 p.m., CST (19:00 UTC), after all heart activity had ceased and after Father Oscar Huber[76] had administered the last rites, Kennedy was pronounced dead. "We never had any hope of saving his life," one doctor said.[77] Father Huber[76] told The New York Times that Kennedy was already dead by the time he arrived at the hospital, and he had to draw back a sheet covering the President's face to administer the sacrament of Extreme Unction. Kennedy's death was officially announced at 1:33 p.m. CST (19:33 UTC).[78][79] [B] Connally, meanwhile, was taken to surgery; he underwent two operations that day.
Because Texas law requires that apparent homicide victims be autopsied by local authorities, there was a brief confrontation between Dallas County medical examiner Earl Rose and federal personnel preparing to remove Kennedy's body from the hospital. Rose soon relented, though sources conflict[citation needed] as to whether this was the result of persuasion or compulsion.[83] (At that time it was not a federal offense to kill the President,[84] although it was a federal crime to conspire to injure a federal officer acting in the line of duty.[85][86]
Shortly after 2:00 p.m. CST (20:00 UTC), the casket with Kennedy's body was driven to Love Field, where it was loaded into Air Force One's passenger compartment—a row of seats having been removed to accommodate it. At 2:38 p.m. CST (20:38 UTC), Lyndon B. Johnson, who as Kennedy's Vice-President had become president on Kennedy's death,[87][better source needed] took the oath of office on board Air Force One just before takeoff, with Jacqueline Kennedy at his side.
Kennedy's autopsy, at the Bethesda Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland, lasted from about 8 p.m. (EST) to about midnight. Bethesda was selected at the request of Mrs. Kennedy, because Kennedy had been a naval officer.[88]
The state funeral took place in Washington, DC during the three days that followed the assassination.[89]
Kennedy's body lay in the East Room of the White House for twenty-four hours.[90][91] On the Sunday after the assassination, his coffin was carried on a horse-drawn caisson to the U.S. Capitol to lie in state.[92] Throughout the day and night, hundreds of thousands lined up to view the guarded casket.[93] Representatives from over 90 countries attended the state funeral on Monday, November 25.[94] After the Requiem Mass at St. Matthew's Cathedral, the late President was laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
No radio or television stations broadcast the assassination live because the area through which the motorcade was traveling was not considered important enough for a live broadcast. Most media crews were not even with the motorcade but were waiting instead at the Dallas Trade Mart in anticipation of Kennedy's arrival. Those members of the media who were with the motorcade were riding at the rear of the procession.
The Dallas police were recording their radio transmissions over two channels. A frequency designated as Channel One was used for routine police communications. A second channel, designated Channel Two, was an auxiliary channel, which was dedicated to the President's motorcade. Up until the time of the assassination, most of the broadcasts on this channel consisted of Police Chief Jesse Curry's announcements of the location of the motorcade as it wound through the streets of Dallas.
Kennedy's last seconds traveling through Dealey Plaza were recorded on silent 8 mm film for the 26.6 seconds before, during, and immediately following the shots. This famous film footage was taken by garment manufacturer and amateur cameraman Abraham Zapruder, in what became known as the Zapruder film. Frame enlargements from the Zapruder film were published by Life magazine shortly after the assassination. The footage was first shown publicly as a film at the trial of Clay Shaw in 1969, and on television in 1975.[95] According to the Guinness Book of World Records, an arbitration panel ordered the U.S. government to pay $615,384 per second of film to Zapruder's heirs for giving the film to the National Archives. The complete film, which lasts for 26 seconds, was valued at $16 million.[96]
Zapruder was not the only person who photographed at least part of the assassination; a total of 32 photographers were in Dealey Plaza. Amateur movies taken by Orville Nix, Marie Muchmore (shown on television in New York on November 26, 1963),[97][98][99] and photographer Charles Bronson captured the fatal shot, although at a greater distance than Zapruder. Other motion picture films were taken in Dealey Plaza at or around the time of the shooting by Robert Hughes, F. Mark Bell, Elsie Dorman, John Martin Jr., Patsy Paschall, Tina Towner, James Underwood, Dave Wiegman, Mal Couch, Thomas Atkins, and an unknown woman in a blue dress on the south side of Elm Street.[100]
Still photos were taken by Phillip Willis, Mary Moorman, Hugh W. Betzner Jr., Wilma Bond, Robert Croft, and many others. The lone professional photographer in Dealey Plaza who was not in the press cars was Ike Altgens, photo editor for the Associated Press in Dallas.
An unidentified woman, nicknamed the Babushka Lady by researchers, might have been filming the Presidential motorcade during the assassination. She was seen apparently doing so on film and in photographs taken by the others.
Previously unknown color footage filmed on the assassination day by George Jefferies was released on February 19, 2007 by the Sixth Floor Museum, Dallas, Texas.[101][102] The film does not include the shooting, having been taken roughly 90 seconds beforehand and a couple of blocks away. The only detail relevant to the investigation of the assassination is a clear view of Kennedy's bunched suit jacket, just below the collar, which has led to different calculations about how low in the back Kennedy was first shot (see discussion above).
After arresting Oswald and collecting physical evidence at the crime scenes, the Dallas Police held Oswald at the police headquarters for interrogation. Oswald was questioned throughout the afternoon about both the Tippit and the motorcade shootings. He was questioned intermittently for some 12 hours between 2:30 p.m., on November 22, and 11 a.m., on November 24.[103] Throughout this interrogation Oswald denied any involvement with either the assassination of Kennedy or the murder of Patrolman Tippit.[103] Captain Fritz of the homicide and robbery bureau did most of the questioning, keeping only rudimentary notes.[104][105] Days later, he wrote a report of the interrogation from notes he made afterwards.[104] There were no stenographic or tape recordings. Representatives of other law enforcement agencies were also present, including the FBI and the Secret Service, and occasionally participated in the questioning.[106] Several of the FBI agents present wrote contemporaneous reports of the interrogation.[107]
During the evening of November 22, the Dallas Police Department performed paraffin tests on Oswald's hands and right cheek in an apparent effort to determine, by means of a scientific test, whether Oswald had recently fired a weapon.[106] The results were positive for the hands and negative for the right cheek.[106] Because of the unreliability of these tests, the Warren Commission did not rely on the results of the test in making their findings.[106]
Oswald provided little information during his questioning. When confronted with evidence which he could not explain he resorted to statements which were found to be false.[106][108] Dallas authorities were not able to complete their investigation into the assassination of Kennedy because of interruptions from the FBI and the murder of Oswald by Jack Ruby.[citation needed]
The FBI was the first authority to complete an investigation. On December 9, 1963, the FBI issued a report and gave it to the Warren Commission.
The FBI stated that three bullets were fired during the Kennedy assassination; the Warren Commission agreed with the FBI investigation that three shots were fired but disagreed with the FBI report on which shots hit Kennedy and which hit Connally. The FBI reported that the first shot hit Kennedy, the second hit Connally, and the third hit Kennedy in the head. In contrast, the Warren Commission concluded that one of the three shots missed; one of the shots passed through Kennedy's back and throat, then struck Connally; and a third shot struck Kennedy's head.
The FBI's murder investigation was reviewed by the House Select Committee on Assassinations in 1979. The congressional Committee concluded:
Sgt. Davis, of the Dallas Police Department, believed he had prepared stringent security precautions, in an attempt to prevent demonstrations like those marking the Adlai Stevenson visit from happening again. The previous month, Stevenson, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, was assaulted by an anti-UN demonstrator. But Winston Lawson of the Secret Service, who was in charge of the planning, told the Dallas Police not to assign its usual squad of experienced homicide detectives to follow immediately behind the President's car. This police protection was routine for both visiting presidents and for motorcades of other visiting dignitaries. Police Chief Jesse Curry later testified that had his men been in place, they might have been able to stop the assassin before he fired a second shot, because they carried submachine guns and rifles.[110]
An investigation by the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) in 1979 concluded that "the Secret Service was deficient in the performance of its duties."[111] The HSCA stated:
- That Kennedy had not received adequate protection in Dallas.
- That the Secret Service possessed information that was not properly analyzed, investigated, or used by the Secret Service in connection with the President's trip to Dallas.
- That the Secret Service agents in the motorcade were inadequately prepared to protect Kennedy from a sniper.[112]
The HSCA specifically noted:
No actions were taken by the agent in the right front seat of the Presidential limousine [Roy Kellerman] to cover the President with his body, although it would have been consistent with Secret Service procedure for him to have done so. The primary function of the agent was to remain at all times in close proximity to Kennedy in the event of such emergencies.[113]
The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established on November 29, 1963, by President Lyndon Johnson to investigate the assassination.[114] Its 888-page final report was presented to President Johnson on September 24, 1964,[115] and made public three days later.[116] It concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in the killing of Kennedy and the wounding of Connally,[117] and that Jack Ruby also acted alone in the murder of Oswald.[118] The Commission's findings have since proven controversial and been both challenged and supported by later studies.
The Commission took its unofficial name—the Warren Commission—from its chairman, Chief Justice Earl Warren. According to published transcripts of Johnson's presidential phone conversations, some major officials were opposed to forming such a commission, and several commission members took part only with extreme reluctance.[119] One of their chief reservations was that a commission would ultimately create more controversy than consensus, and those fears proved valid.[119] The Commission's report was printed by Doubleday.[120]
In 1968, a panel of four medical experts appointed by Attorney General Ramsey Clark met in Washington, D.C. to examine various photographs, X-ray films, documents, and other evidence about the death of Kennedy. The Clark Panel determined that Kennedy was struck by two bullets fired from above and behind him, one of which traversed the base of the neck on the right side without striking bone and the other of which entered the skull from behind and destroyed its upper right side.[121]
The United States President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States was set up under President Gerald Ford in 1975 to investigate the activities of the CIA within the United States. The commission was led by Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller, and is sometimes referred to as the Rockefeller Commission.
Part of the commission's work dealt with the Kennedy assassination, specifically the head snap as seen in the Zapruder film (first shown to the general public in 1975), and the possible presence of E. Howard Hunt and Frank Sturgis in Dallas.[122] The commission concluded that neither Hunt nor Sturgis were in Dallas at the time of the assassination.[123]
Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a U.S. Senate committee chaired by Senator Frank Church, to investigate the illegal intelligence gathering by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) after the Watergate incident. It also investigated the CIA and FBI conduct relating to the JFK assassination.
Their report concluded that the investigation on the assassination by FBI and CIA were fundamentally deficient and the facts which have greatly affected the investigation had not been forwarded to the Warren Commission by the agencies. It also found that the FBI, the agency with primary responsibility on the matter, was ordered by Director Hoover and pressured by unnamed higher government officials to conclude its investigation quickly.[124] The report hinted that there was a possibility that senior officials in both agencies made conscious decisions not to disclose potentially important information.[125]
As a result of increasing public pressure caused partly by the finding of the Church Committee, the United States House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) was established in 1976 to investigate the assassinations of Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr., and the shooting of Alabama Governor George Wallace. The committee was both controversial and divided among themselves. The first chairman, Thomas N. Downing of Virginia retired in January 1977 and was replaced by Henry B. Gonzalez on February 2, 1977. Gonzalez sought to replace Chief Counsel Richard Sprague. Eventually both Gonzalez and Sprague resigned and Louis Stokes became the new chairman. G. Robert Blakey was then appointed Chief Counsel and his deputy Robert K. Tanenbaum resigned soon afterwards.
The Committee investigated until 1978, and in 1979 issued its final report, concluding that President John F. Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. The Committee concluded that previous investigations properly investigated Oswald's responsibility but did not adequately investigate the possibility of a conspiracy, and that the Warren Commission presented its conclusions too definitively. The Committee also found that the FBI and CIA were deficient in sharing information. Furthermore the Secret Service did not properly analyze information it possessed prior to the assassination and was inadequately prepared to protect Kennedy.
Although the HSCA concluded that Kennedy was "probably" assassinated as the result of a conspiracy it did not offer the name of any person or group it thought had conspired with Oswald. Instead the HSCA listed several organizations that it did not think were involved, including the governments of the Soviet Union and Cuba, organized crime groups and anti-Castro groups, but noted that it could not rule out the involvement of any individuals of these groups.
Four of the twelve committee members wrote dissenting opinions.[126] Chris Dodd did not think that Oswald fired all three shots from the depository and wanted more investigation into the matter. Three other members did not think there was a second shooter or a conspiracy. According to Robert W. Edgar the committee was swayed at the last minute by the introduction of acoustic analysis of a Dictabelt recording of radio transmissions made by the Dallas Police Department. Prior to that a draft of the committee's report said "the available scientific evidence is insufficient to find that there was a conspiracy." The final report said: "Scientifically, the existence of the second gunman was established only by the acoustical study, but its basic validity was corroborated or independently substantiated by the various other scientific projects."[127] Three dissenters, Edgar, Devine and Sawyer, were not convinced by the Dictabelt analysis. Subsequent examinations of the recording by the National Academy of Sciences, by the FBI, and by the Justice Department disputed the Dictabelt evidence, and in turn the NAS's analysis was contested by Donald Thomas, see Dictabelt evidence relating to the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The back and forth on the acoustics evidence continues to this day.[128]
The HSCA made several accusations of deficiency against the Secret Service, the Department of Justice, the FBI, the CIA and the Warren Commission.[109] The accusations encompassed organizational failures, miscommunication, and a desire to keep certain parts of their operations secret. Furthermore, the Warren Commission expected these agencies to be forthcoming with any information that would aid their investigation. But the FBI and CIA only saw it as their duty to respond to specific requests for information from the commission. The HSCA found the FBI and CIA were deficient in performing even that limited role.
The House Select Committee on Assassinations was conducted mostly in secret. They issued a public report but much of its evidence was sealed for 50 years under Congressional rules.[129] In 1992, Congress passed legislation to collect and open up all the evidence relating to Kennedy's death, and created the Assassination Records Review Board to further that goal.
All of the Warren Commission's records were submitted to the National Archives in 1964. The unpublished portion of those records was initially sealed for 75 years (to 2039) under a general National Archives policy that applied to all federal investigations by the executive branch of government,[130] a period "intended to serve as protection for innocent persons who could otherwise be damaged because of their relationship with participants in the case."[131] The 75-year rule no longer exists, supplanted by the Freedom of Information Act of 1966 and the JFK Records Act of 1992. By 1992, 98% of the Warren Commission records had been released to the public.[132] Six years later, at the conclusion of the Assassination Records Review Board's work, all Warren Commission records, except those records that contained tax return information, were available to the public with only minor redactions.[133] The remaining Kennedy assassination related documents are scheduled to be released to the public by 2017, twenty-five years after the passage of the JFK Records Act. Among the items most sought after by researchers are some 1,171 documents still closed by the CIA on national security grounds.[134]
The Kennedy autopsy photographs and X-rays were never part of the Warren Commission records and were deeded separately to the National Archives by the Kennedy family in 1966 under restricted conditions.[135]
Several pieces of evidence and documentation are described to have been lost, cleaned, or missing from the original chain of evidence (e.g., limousine cleaned out on November 24,[136] Connally's clothing cleaned and pressed,[137] Oswald's military intelligence file destroyed in 1973,[138] Connally's Stetson hat and shirt sleeve gold cufflink missing).
Jackie Kennedy's blood-splattered pink and navy Chanel suit that she wore on the day of the assassination is in climate controlled storage in the National Archives. Jackie wore the suit for the remainder of the day, stating "I want them to see what they have done to Jack"[139] when asked aboard Air Force One to change into another outfit. Not included in the National Archives are the white gloves and pink pillbox hat she was wearing.[140]
The Assassination Records Review Board was not commissioned to make any findings or conclusions. Its purpose was to release documents to the public in order to allow the public to draw its own conclusions. From 1992 until 1998, the Assassination Records Review Board gathered and unsealed about 60,000 documents, consisting of over 4 million pages.[141][142] All remaining documents are to be released by 2017.
From the day of the assassination, many Americans suspected that a conspiracy, and not a lone gunman, was responsible for Kennedy's death. Polls taken that day through November 27, 1963 by Gallup showed 52 percent believing "some group or element" was behind the assassination.[143]
Before the Warren Commission issued its report which concluded Oswald acted alone, several books had already been published suggesting a conspiracy was behind the assassination.[144] Within a few months of the assassination, lawyer Mark Lane, who had been hired by Oswald's mother Marguerite to represent Oswald's interests before the Warren Commission, had formed his Citizens' Committee of Inquiry on the assassination and was speaking in the United States and Europe in early 1964, challenging the work of the Warren Commission, even before it had published its findings.[145]
Upon the publication of the Warren Report in September 1964, only a minority 31.6 percent of Americans rejected the conclusion that Oswald had acted alone, with 55.5 percent accepting the Report's conclusion.[146] But since then, public opinion has consistently shown majorities, often large majorities, believing a conspiracy had been in place.[147] In 1966, Lane's Rush to Judgment was published, spending six months on The New York Times best-seller list.[148] The book accused the Warren Commission of "being biased towards its conclusions before the facts were known,"[149] and cited evidence found within the 26 volumes of the Warren Report and in Lane's interviews with witnesses which seemed to suggest bullets coming from multiple directions striking Kennedy and hence a conspiracy. The Freedom of Information Act was also passed that year, which had the effect of permitting researchers greater access to once-secret government files, particularly those connected to the Warren Commission.[150]
Many researchers were now investigating the assassination, most of whom believed the Warren Report was at best inaccurate and at worst a lie. In July 1966, in commenting on Edward Jay Epstein's book Inquest, which focused on the inner workings of the Warren Commission, Richard N. Goodwin became the first of Kennedy's inner circle to publicly call for a review of the Warren Report.[151] That November, former assistant to the president and Pulitzer-prize winning author Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. called on Congress to initiate a new inquiry.[152] That same month, Life magazine called for a new investigation as did The Saturday Evening Post the following January. The New York Times, in an editorial dated November 25, 1966, did not call for a re-investigation, but said that the Warren Commission and its staff should address "the many puzzling questions that have been raised... There are enough solid doubts of thoughtful persons."
In 1967, Six Seconds in Dallas by Josiah Thompson was published. The book was the first to focus on many technical aspects not previously discussed by other authors, such as firearms, bullet trajectories, medical and photographic evidence. Thompson, who was a consultant to Life magazine, had unique access to a first-generation print of the Zapruder film and was the first to suggest that Kennedy was struck by two near-simultaneous bullets to the head, one from the rear, the other from the right front.[152]
That March, New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison announced he would prosecute local businessman Clay Shaw for the murder of Kennedy, and, galvanized, many Warren Commission critics descended on New Orleans.[153] Public interest in the trial was high, with a Harris poll that May showing nearly two of three Americans saying they were following the investigation. The same poll indicated 66 percent believed there was a conspiracy, compared to 44 percent who believed that in a Harris poll done in February.[154]
Garrison was also notable for being among the first to assert that there were two conspiracies: The first conspiracy being the one which engineered the assassination of Kennedy; the second conspiracy being the deliberate cover-up by the Warren Commission to hide the true facts of the assassination.[155]
Shaw was acquitted in March 1969, and the conspiracy movement was dealt a blow as Garrison's trial was widely seen as a debacle, with many researchers denouncing Garrison as a fraud and megalomaniac.[153] Further, as conspiracy theorist Robert Anson put it, because of Garrison, "bills in Congress asking for a new investigation were quietly shelved."[156] Nevertheless, the trial opened new avenues of investigations for the movement, particularly with previously unexplored New Orleans connections and links of others to Oswald.[153]
The year 1973 saw the release of the film Executive Action starring Burt Lancaster, the first Hollywood depiction of events surrounding the assassination.[157] In the film, three gunmen shoot Kennedy in a conspiracy led by right-wing elements and military/industrial interests. That year also saw the formation of the Assassination Information Bureau. The influential group spoke to ever-growing audiences at hundreds of colleges throughout the United States, urging a reopening of the investigation, and was ultimately instrumental in the realization of that goal in 1977.[157]
In March 1975, Good Night America broadcast, for the first time, the Zapruder film, with an audience of millions watching.[157] Almost immediately, with the film showing a backward snap of Kennedy's head, indicating to many a shot from the right front and hence a conspiracy, there were new demands for a re-investigation. The findings of the Rockefeller Commission that year and the Church Committee the next year added impetus to calls for a new inquiry, which was realized by the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) from 1977 to 1979. That investigation concluded Kennedy "was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy".[10]
While the HSCA's conclusion was welcomed by many in the conspiracy community, the HSCA's inability to name any players in the conspiracy they identified, and their actions in sealing much of their documentation, left many in the community frustrated.[157]
Numerous books, television shows, and articles continued to appear. Writing in 2007, Vincent Bugliosi said, "close to one thousand books" had been published on the subject of the assassination,[158] of which "over 95 percent" were pro-conspiracy.[159] Some notable books to 1990 were Anthony Summers' Conspiracy (later revised and published as Not in Your Lifetime) and David Lifton's best-selling Best Evidence, both published in 1980, and Henry Hurt's Reasonable Doubt, published in 1985. The Summers and Hurt books explore many of the prominent conspiracy theories, while Lifton argues that Kennedy's wounds were altered before the autopsy to frame Oswald. Jim Marrs published Crossfire in 1989, the same year High Treason by Robert J. Groden and Harrison Livingstone was published. The latter book argues the autopsy photos were altered to give the appearance Kennedy's wounds were caused by shots from a single gunman.
By the late '80s, interest in the subject among the general public was waning.[160] One theory for this from writer Pete Hamill was that by 1988, "an entire generation had come to maturity with no memory at all of the Kennedy years."[161] In 1991, Oliver Stone's film JFK introduced the subject – and many of the attendant conspiracy theories – to a new generation of Americans. The sudden renewed interest in the assassination led to the passage by Congress of the JFK Records Act in 1992.[160] The Act created the Assassination Records Review Board to implement the Act's mandate to release all sealed documents related to the assassination. Thousands of documents were released between 1994 and 1998, providing new material for researchers.
To date, there is no consensus on who, among many players, may have been involved in a conspiracy to kill Kennedy. Those often mentioned as part of a domestic conspiracy include Jack Ruby, organized crime, the CIA, the FBI, the Secret Service, right-wing groups or individuals, Lyndon B. Johnson, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, anti-Castro Cubans, the military and/or industrial groups allied with the military. A separate theory, focused on international Communism, involves Cuba and the KGB.
The assassination evoked stunned reactions worldwide. Before the President's death was announced, the first hour after the shooting was a time of great confusion. Taking place during the Cold War, it was at first unclear whether the shooting might be part of a larger attack upon the U.S., and whether Vice-President Lyndon Johnson, who had been riding two cars behind in the motorcade, was safe.
The news shocked the nation. People wept openly and gathered in department stores to watch the television coverage, while others prayed. Traffic in some areas came to a halt as the news spread from car to car.[162] Schools across the U.S. dismissed their students early.[163] Anger against Texas and Texans was reported from some individuals. Various Cleveland Browns fans, for example, carried signs at the next Sunday's home game against the Dallas Cowboys decrying the city of Dallas as having "killed the President".[164][165]
The event left a lasting impression on many Americans. As with the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor before it and the September 11, 2001, attacks after it, asking "Where were you when you heard about Kennedy's assassination" would become a common topic of discussion.[166][167][168]
The plane serving as Air Force One is on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio, where tours of the aircraft are offered including the rear of the aircraft where Kennedy's casket was placed and the location where Mrs. Kennedy stood in her bloodstained pink dress while Vice-President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president. The 1961 Lincoln Continental limousine is at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.[169]
Equipment from the trauma room at Parkland Memorial Hospital, where Kennedy was pronounced dead, including a gurney, was purchased by the federal government from the hospital in 1973 and stored by the National Archives at an underground facility in Lenexa, Kansas. The First Lady's pink suit, the autopsy report, the X-rays, Kennedy's jacket, shirt and tie are stored in the National Archives facility in College Park, Maryland, and access is controlled by a representative of the Kennedy family. The rifle used by Oswald, his diary, revolver, bullet fragments, and the windshield of Kennedy's limousine are also stored by the Archives.[169] The Lincoln Catafalque, on which Kennedy's coffin rested as he lay in state in the Capitol, is on display at the United States Capitol Visitor Center.[170]
The three-acre park within Dealey Plaza, the buildings facing it, the overpass, and a portion of the adjacent railyard – including the railroad switching tower – were designated part of the Dealey Plaza Historic District by the National Park Service on October 12, 1993. Much of the area is accessible to visitors, including the park and grassy knoll. Though still an active city street, the approximate spot where the presidential limousine was located at the time of the shooting is marked with an X on the street.[171] The Texas School Book Depository now draws over 325,000 visitors each year to the Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza operated by the Dallas County Historical Foundation. There is a re-creation of the sniper's nest on the sixth floor of the building.[172]
At the Historic Auto Attractions museum in Roscoe, Illinois, are permanently displayed items related to the assassination such as the catalogue Oswald used to order the rifle, a hat and jacket that belonged to Jack Ruby and the shoes he wore when he shot Oswald, and a window from the Texas School Book Depository. The Texas State Archives have the clothes Connally wore on November 22, 1963.
Some items were intentionally destroyed by the U.S. government at the direction of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, such as the casket used to transport Kennedy's body aboard Air Force One from Dallas to Washington, which was dropped by the Air Force into the sea as "its public display would be extremely offensive and contrary to public policy".[173] Other items such as the hat worn by Jack Ruby the day he shot Lee Harvey Oswald and the toe tag on Oswald's corpse are in the hands of private collectors and have sold for tens of thousands of dollars at auctions.[169]
Jack Ruby's gun, owned by his brother Earl Ruby, was sold by the Herman Darvick Autograph Auctions in New York City on December 26, 1991, for $220,000.[174]
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PHOTOS: Valentine's Day around the world
Updated: 4 weeks agoFrom Sochi to Portugal and beyond, people around the world celebrated Valentine's Day on Feb. 14, 2014.
From Sochi to Portugal and beyond, people around the world celebrated Valentine's Day on Feb. 14, 2014.
Gift ideas for the traditionalist, the romantic and the trendy.
Get ready for bacon like you've never eaten, drunk or worn it before.
It may only be the first days of fall, but the thought of salted caramel, apples and cinnamon spice should be enough to get anyone off the couch and into the kitchen.
It's time to say farewell to the freewheeling days of summer and hello to the stress that arises from more regimented fall schedules. Try these five stress-busters for healthy living and avoiding stress.
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The college year has just begun, leaving many students adapting to life in the dorms and wondering what steps to take to keep their immune systems strong. Check out these tips for a healthier, happier school year.
Whether new to the land of India Pale Ales or a seasoned sipper, find out what makes and IPA and IPA.
Usher in the fall with a boozy tribute to all things autumn.
Cheers to the end of summer with this picture-perfect floral refreshment.


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Book Description:This book reveals an entirely new aspect of the Welsh poetic tradition, and is an invaluable collection for those interested in European literature, and in medieval writing about love and the erotic. It contains thirty-one poems from the later medieval period (1300-1500). They all deal frankly with sex and the sexual organs, some deliberately provocative, others self-mocking, and a few intended to shock and disgust. They are characterized by wit and inventive imagination, and often take the form of dramatic dialogue. One of the poets is a woman, and there may be another woman poet among the 'Anons.'" Many of the poems were deliberately suppressed, while others lay undiscovered in manuscripts.
Tags: Literature & Fiction, Poetry, Anthologies,
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