text:
A Cow's Milk Is Not Yours to Take
I wrote this last year. I'm giving myself permission to repost it here. As Mother's Day approaches, I feel it is all the more pertinent.
I am struck by how much we, women especially, ignore or are ignorant of how female farmed animals are treated – the manipulation of reproduction, the forced separation of mother and offspring, all the ways we shape, mold, break females to suit our needs.
This never appeared to me more powerfully than the first time I helped a cow give birth. I have no biological children, so I have no point of reference on what it must be like. There is obviously an intimate connection, the sharing of food and life, but there is that line of separation made most obvious when the infant is so rudely introduced to the world. It all seems so uncomfortable, these months of waiting, belly growing, nourishing this other life. But with few exceptions, the day of birth appears, to all involved, a momentous, dramatic event usually ending with all parties exhausted, but content.
Back to the cow. She was in hard labor, stuck with an oversized calf who just did not want to leave. I could not blame the calf too much. I was asked to help pull this unknowingly stubborn baby from the womb. And I did, literally pulling on tiny hooves and perfect calf legs. Out popped a slimy mostly bovine-looking creature. The birth was shocking for me, though I'm certain not nearly as much as for either cow or calf.
And then.
The calf was whisked away. Away from his mother, from his clan, from those nine months of calf certainty that when he was born, he would be born into something, a world with a mother, with milk. Instead he was carted off. Though only moments old, he sensed the wrongness of this separation and attempted to cry, a strangled sound. His exhausted mother struggled to stand, took a deep breath and screamed. It was an ear-piercing bellow. She attempted to follow her calf, to provide what a mother provides – nourishment, grooming, comfort. She was blocked by gates and people, by space and by unyielding greed for what rightfully belonged to her calf, her milk.
Everything done to a dairy cow is a stripping away of her essence. Her choice in a mate is denied, she is artificially inseminated. Her choice of when to mate is taken from her, she is "synched" to breed with the other cows in the herd. Nearly every single dairy calf is removed from his or her mother the day they are born. She is even denied motherhood. We must add insult to injury by taking control over her milk source, her udder. She is milked on our schedule and bred to produce the amount and type of milk we like. Then, in a cruel twist, we take her milk and use it for ourselves and our children. Milk that nurtures the growth of a frolicksome calf, milk that is given and received on a natural cycle of hunger and satiation, milk that is bovine, not human.
I never gave it much consideration until that heart-wrenching moment of mother lost, child gone. It hit me so hard I could not intentionally drink milk again. As a woman who wants nothing more than to be in control of my own body, of my own decisions and choices, how could I ever deny that to another female? Whether she is bovine or caprine or human, it does not matter. What we take is hers to give and given the choice between feeding a human or her own flesh and blood calf, I think the answer is quite obvious.
Which is why I implore, beg, demand, people to seek out dairy alternatives, to stop being part of this system that exploits what should be a beautiful bond between cow and calf and turns it into profit margins. If not for yourself, then for the cows and calves. Think of Sadie (right ) who gave birth to seven calves and never nursed one, who was tossed aside when she developed an udder infection, whose only worth was in how much milk she produced, how many calves she dropped and not in her intelligence, beauty, engaging personality or her love for other cows. If not Sadie, then think of Freedom, Summer and Nicholas, the boy dairy calves whose first experience of the world was a coldness, a separation, a movement from a warm, soothing womb to the cruel auction block and slaughter. They cannot ask in words to stop drinking milk, but I think they ask with their stories, their clear desire to be a calf in a calf's world, a mother in a mother's world, and not beef, milk, veal in ours.
May 3, 2010 10:09 am
The first seeds of veganism were planted in me when I was pregnant & had a dairy aversion. My body wanted nothing to do with it while pregnant and even when I was nursing later. If I did eat any dairy, my baby had tummy aches, threw up, etc.. It's a stark realization of our mammalian condition to be pregnant, give birth & nurse a baby on your own milk — and the instinct in me was very strong that my milk was the ONLY food I wanted in my baby.
I know, on the levels you describe in this entry, what it means to give up dairy.
May 3, 2010 12:00 pm
Thank you Marji- for speaking for the denied mothers and stolen babies. I don't know that anything is quite as wicked as this. And the story needs repeating not yearly – but daily, and on the hour and every minute possible… Till their voices are heard!
May 3, 2010 1:11 pm
Thank you Marji for telling this story. Like you I have never given birth so I can not truly know what it must be to be a mother to a human being. But I wonder what would happen if everyone knew what was happening on the dairy farms. If children were told from a very young age that the glass of milk that they are drinking came from a cow that was not given a choice. That it was meant to go to her child. This is a challenge, to get this message, and others, out there.
May 5, 2010 12:12 am
Beautifully, achingly, and compellingly told. I'm sharing – for you, for Sadie, for all the mothers. Thank you.
May 5, 2010 3:19 am
I also disagree people drink cow milk, and my reasons are described here http://healthmad.com/health/milk-is-an-unhealthy-drink-shockingly-untold-truths/
May 5, 2010 10:53 am
As an abolitionist vegan animal rights activist, I find this utterly heartbreaking. The fact that this doesn't just happen in isolated incidents but on a massive, industrialized scale is overwhelming to think about. If you believe in Karma, then it's no wonder that our Earth is screaming, in chaos, war, suffering and pain; What we do to these poor, innocent, sentient, feeling non-human Earthlings eventually comes back to affect all of us.
I fervently hope that this will "wake up" more people to the madness we are accustomed to. I hope it helps to dismantle the system that oppresses these beautiful creatures. I hope it helps more people recognize the moral "person-hood" that all non-humans are entitled to. Thank you for your articulate and powerful story.
Tina B permalinkMay 18, 2010 8:45 am
If you look deeper into dairy farming you will relize that cows need to be milked and milking them reduces there chances in getting sub acute or acute mastitis which could kill a cow, most dairy farms treat cows just like we are treated. If a cow doesnt get milked twice a day or if the calf doesnt suck on it the udder can get serious soars and may kill the cow. We all get taken away from our mother sometime and it is just earlier for them we still feed them there milk or milk replacer which gives them the same nutreition that the mother would give.
May 18, 2010 9:42 am
Cows DO NOT need to be milked any more than a human woman needs to be milked. If they were not artificially inseminated and forcefully impregnated, they would not need to be milked.
Mastitis occurs for a variety of reasons. The largest being the overstimulation of the mammary glands. You do not see the level and degree of mastitis on cow-calf operations that supply flesh for the beef industry, but you see a lot of it on dairy farms.
If a cow had a stillborn calf, are you suggesting she would automatically be infected with a form of mastitis? Most females dry up, that is they eventually stop producing milk. This can be uncomfortable and yes, it can lead to an infection, but that is hardly a valid reason to support forceful impregnation and maternal deprivation so you can drink something that is unnecessary for human survival.
As to "we all get taken from our mother" – most of us do not get removed from our mom the day we are born. We are not shuffled off to social isolation and fed milk replacer for the next 16-24 weeks before we are slaughtered or, if we are female, eventually re-bred to produce more babies and milk. No scientist or doctor on earth would suggest that that is a good idea for human beings. Poor analogy.
Tina, it sounds to me you just want to rationalize away cruelty so you can enjoy milk. That is unfortunate.
Tina permalinkMay 18, 2010 1:15 pm
Beef cows and dairy cows are totally different, beef cows produce less milk, there calves that stay with them are more aggressive then a dairy calf, and so the beef calf drinks more milk.
If a cow has a still born calf you take her in to milk her EVEN if she has had a dead calf. Cows get treated better in the barn then what they would outsid of the barn.
I dont like drinking milk but we all need use it in the food we eat. You need to look deeper into dairy farming and go to many of them to see whats up.
May 18, 2010 3:36 pm
Tina, I've worked on a dairy farm before. I'm quite familiar with how they operate.
If you don't like drinking milk, why do you do it? You don't HAVE to. You want to. It's that simple.
As to the stillborn calf issue – I'm saying IF a cow, out in the field, gives birth and no one is around to milk her, are you seriously proposing that she will get mastitis automatically, no ifs ands or buts? That is ridiculous. Her milk would dry up.
And sure, cows on cow-calf operations don't produce as much milk. That's sort of my point. They don't have mastitis issues because they are on a natural cycle of nurture and weaning (until their yearling babies are removed to be fattened for slaughter, of course).
Why be a part of a system that, at its fundamental core, is based on the cruel act of maternal deprivation? You don't have to. You don't need to. So why not choose cruelty-free alternatives? There doesn't seem like a very good excuse NOT to.
Kat permalinkJuly 30, 2010 6:09 pm
Humans have not been selected for to produce huge volumes of milk. current dairy cows require milking and in some of the older cows their udder hangs too low and calves have trouble finding the teats.
and The main cause of mastitis is not over stimulation – it is bacteria getting into the mammary gland.
Christina Heasley permalinkJanuary 25, 2011 9:54 pm
@ Tina B.
Really? What rock was the person that told you under?
Just as a human, a cow only produces milk for her offspring.
Mastitis is the result of to bacteria getting into the mammary glands and the farmers
not spending the money to fix it properly.
As long as a cow stays pregnant she will keep producing milk.
As far as the still born issue is concerned… Many "decent" and I use that very, very lightly have to bury the stillborn outside the pasture, in a spot very far away since the mother cow will find the grave and bellow out of grief for days. So I can't imagine what a mother cow goes through when a live baby is taken away from her. -
Katie permalinkApril 10, 2012 8:42 am
Wow wow wow. After reading this whole discussion line below, I realize arguing with vegan folks is useless; some people just refuse to see the whole picture. And btw, YES, I have been a dairy farmer, am completely familiar with how it all works. I honestly do hate how calves and cows are ripped apart – I'm actually not a fan of the traditional large-scale dairy farm operation for numerous reasons – part of why I no longer work there. I have a cow myself, a dairy cow who has always had calves by her side, if not her own, then adoptive babies. She nurses them and then when they are older, yes, they are raised for beef cattle. I can milk her too if I so desire. Daisy has the ideal life. However, I am not making money with her and what you all must realize is, if cattle were treated the way you say they should be, unless you plan to have enormous cattle petting zoos to house and feed them, there would be hardly any cattle alive. Make sense? In the real world, if a person cant make money with animals, who can afford to keep them? Same with a dog breeding operation – if you vegans/PETA ppl put out a decree that no one should have dogs as pets and people actually listened, would those breeders be able to keep their dogs? Eventually, no. So when you're petitioning that no one should eat dairy, remember that also means the near extinction of the bovine animal. That said, there are alternative dairy farming methods such as letting a cow keep her calf and nurse it for a lengthened time, and continuing to collect a cows milk to bottle feed her calf even if it separated from her. I am not a believer in milk replacer. I've raised hundreds of calves and natural cow milk seems best. About breeding – many smaller dairy farms do use bulls and those that dont, have mostly chosen not to b/c of the danger of the bull.
If you take away nothing else from my "speech", take away this one thing – DO NOT form opinions about such matters until you are FULLY educated about such!! A virtue that PETA seems to be competely unaware of!!-
Andy_T permalinkMarch 21, 2013 5:12 am
I am a bit nostalgic that human slaves have become extinct.
Luckily, their descendants (e.g. coloured people in the US) seem to be doing fine, so we can be really happy that this one worked out.Does not make sense to you?
Maybe I have to reconsider the point, but it was modeled after the "If we did not eat them" example.Regards,
May 18, 2010 3:12 pm
Hi Tina – The cows that are "cattle" raised for "beef" — How long do they get to live in or out of a barn? 11 months or so? Hardly long enough to even experience a complete cycle of the Earth's seasons. Such a shame, nonhumans who are so in-tune with nature are deprived of it… While we humans are content in concrete and steel buildings – We deny all that they live for… So we can eat them.
But you're wrong about "we all need use it in the food we eat". Millions of people don't "need" to use cow's milk or cow's flesh or pig's or any other animal to thrive… Because if it were truly so – That we did "need" it to live — How is it that we humans, no different than you or the next live happily without?
Tina B permalinkMay 18, 2010 7:42 pm
I am saying that if a cow doesn't get milked within time as you guys are saying that you would want to do..the cow that has the still born WILL get mastitis. NOT saying leaving her out for a day or two after she calves will give it to her but she will start to get the soars that can cause problem and lameness of the cow. Dairy farmers keep up on the calving ease, and the cows about ready to calve we do not keep them out in the pasture and not "notice" them for days.
I don't drink milk alot of the time, I milk cows because I love doing it, and plan on staying in the industry. People that milk cows dont HAVE to drink milk.
Yes, the cows that calves and stays with the mother STILL get mastitis it is the number one thing right now in the industry that is killing dairy and beef cows. Having cows doesn't mean that we give them shots or BST for them to give us milk. It is still natural milking the cow as long as we dont give them BST for them to milk more.
This industry is not crule and i think that we are helping them out. If we didnt have this industry and we left cows out in the pasture, the cows would be to cold or to hot and have a lot of heat stress. We keep fans, heaters, bedding and sprinklers in the barn for our cows, like i said alot of our cows get treated better then humans do.
So if you do not like us milking cows or selling our cows what would you like us to do with them?
Also, Artificial Insementating, not every dairy farm does A.I. but having it done the natural way they would still be bred cows get bred by the same bull throughout the herd, it seems to me that if you have a bull in with the herd they will get bread anyway, why would we endanger humans instead of picking specific Type production Index sires. Naturally breeding cows also have a harm to them selfs, bulls are very mean and aggressive there has been alot of cows that break there backs, hips or legs due to naturally breeding this way is safer and more conveinient.
Beef steers live to be 16 to 24 months old before they get slaughtered. It is said that the life span of a cow is 25 but the normal life span of a cow is 16 at the oldest. I think that it is ok for this because it is what most of us Americans eat. Not saying that i am all for Veal i think that all Veal facilities should be shut down due to how young they are and how they are raised in crates. What do you want us do do with our cows if you dont want us to milk them or slaughter them? We would have a over population of cows and nothing to do with them.
It is understandable with some milking places that should be shut down but not all the dairy farms are bad, we try to help our cows, they are our friends not our "Producers"
May 20, 2010 12:30 am
Tina… Actually most of my searches indicate between 12 – 18 months of age. These include animal ag sites so I don't think "11 months" was that off. Still, it's a fraction of a full life — AND it is a life taken that did not belong to any but the one who owned it.
What I would like done with cows is to stop using their bodies as commodities. Stop artificially inseminating them… Stop "breeding" them. Stop measuring their "estrous cycle". Stop genetically altering their bodies for better "marbling" or better milk "production". I'd like to see the "domestic bovine" die out… And they would. They do not reproduce like "rabbits" – The cattle/dairy industries go to great lengths to promote and insure births. There would be no "overpopulation" I assure you.
This anticipated future will not happen over night. But as we progress and more people see the benefits of a plant based diet, there will be less demand for people to "farm" these creatures, till eventually there are no more in use as "food" animals. When this time comes I'm certain there will be enough sanctuaries and other facilities that will provide forever care for the lucky ones who remain.
But if you're saying that you think veal "production" should be halted… In essence you are saying to end the dairy industry. Dairy cannot exist as it does today without "veal". Females MUST give birth to "give" milk… What else do you propose to do with the "useless" male calves?
I'm sure there are some dairies that are less abusive to cows than others… But all of them must force a pregnancy on a cow. They must separate the baby from the mother in order to steal the milk for humans. They must "destroy" or "retire" the unproductive members of the herd… There's just no way they could survive without these practices…. And I wouldn't call any of these things "friendly" to cows.
henry permalinkAugust 29, 2010 1:52 pm
I have always been taught that living things are divided into plants and animals and i should think that none deserves oppression in a fair and just world. Just wanting to ask people to stop using woods for houses and stop using woods to keep warmth and stop eating vegetables cos poor plants need to also watch their leaves and branches grow… just because animal rights people are louder dont mean they more correct… living things depend on each other to survive and thats why u shud start with telling lions to stop eating calfs in the wild instead of winding over humans eating them….get it straight, its a struggle for survival in the real world!
Valgal permalinkFebruary 19, 2012 10:02 am
Hey Henry, I understand what you are saying; however, the human race has taken the food chain completely out of balance. We've pro-created and dominated to the point where every other living thing is secondary to our needs. For example: We cull seals brutally saying that if we don't that there will be no fish – no fish for a huge market for a huge population. Those seals didn't seem to be a huge problem back when everything was in balance – when it was just the natives hunting them for food. Now they are an inconvenience to the livelihood of humans; therefore, their cull is okay… humans are the ones that tip the balance and environment – we create the problems – we take and take from the Earth and we barely give back.. There is no harmony with the environment or other inhabitants of this planet… so normally, hunting and gathering for the needs of the family would be fine; but in today's world, we've turned that process into something cruel on a huge scale.
Andy_T permalinkMarch 21, 2013 5:18 am
I hope (and still trust the educational system so far) that you are aware of one of the major differences between plants and animals, e.g. that animals have a central nervous system and thus feel pain, while plants do not.
Having said that, I have to ask, do you REALLY want to say that there is no difference between, say, decapitating a chicken and cutting a carrot? Just wondering.
Best regards,
Wendy Phillips permalinkNovember 30, 2010 3:54 pm
Thank you so much for posting this story. It really hit home with me who has been a mom to two children and knows the strong bond that exists. This story spurred research on my part and I found that what you say is entirely true; there may be some small farms that exercise good ethics and allow mom and calf to be together only taking an occassional bucket of milk for the family each day like the "good old days". Now, that everything is so commercialized and the human population has increased astronomically along with human greed and the almighty dollar; this is just pathetic! I know that I will think twice before drinking a glass of milk now. Thank you again for the touching story.
Wendy Phillips -
Christina Heasley permalinkJanuary 25, 2011 9:43 pm
This puts into words what I want to express to people when they say that "milk doesn't hurt the cow" I try to tell them this type of situation but it usually falls on deaf ears or ears that are in denial. Every time I see a family sitting down at an Ice Cream establishment enjoying their cones and sundaes I want to scream. Something so innocent and delightful to them is a horrible life for millions of sentient beings on a daily basis. Cows should have the right to be mothers, period. They should have the right to live long lives and not be enslaved and be in pain their entire lives.
Once again, a well done article. Thank you for sharing!
Christina Heasley
Bev permalinkAugust 28, 2011 4:33 pm
I commend you for standing up for something you believe in but I cannot totally agree on your article. Milk is a wholesome and essential food source for humans as well as the baby calf.
Where I do agree with you is the taking away of a brand-new baby calf and I find that cruel. MOST dairy farmers will leave the baby for at least 3 days to benefit from the colostrum and yes they are then removed. Sounds contradictory doesn't it?!?Well, maybe it is to an extent, but I believe animals were put on this earth for mans benefit and with that comes great responsibility. An animal deserves to be treated with kindness, respect, and to be well-fed.
Per the calves being so rudely taken away, the cows have been selectively bred to produce great amounts of milk in a day, way too much for the calf to safely suckle. IF left alone with it's mother beyond the colostrum phase the calf could die from complications arising from over-consumption. How is that for irony?We are buying a Jersey cow tomorrow and the only reason I know all of this is from research, my moms experience with her own milk cows growing up, and friends I've known with milk cows. My research actually led me to your article and that research was: "Can I leave a Jersey calf with it's mother" – I am uncomfortable taking a baby from it's mother, as I said, I find it cruel. So, even though I am not vegan, will drink milk and use it to make milk-based products like cheese etc for my family, I am 'one of those' that honestly cares about the animals that provide food for my family. Don't judge everyone, please, by what the practices of the 'big' dairies. So far from my research, I think I'll be able to let the baby overnight with mom – which is about 12 hours a day – milk her once a day so it's a compromise.
August 28, 2011 6:53 pm
This is so terribly sad… Only humans could create a seed meant to be food and marry it with a death gene… And only humans could create a poison to a baby that was originally intended to be nourishment.
I understand that most people… Even those in large mega-dairies and the small ones alike, do not intend to be "cruel". Just wondering though… If these folks could place themselves in the place of the mother… Or the baby – Wouldn't they see that their practices actually are so?
For all the high minded good intentions of kindness… Nothing beats the simple act of following through with honest deeds. How wonderful it would be if mother would be henceforth left without becoming pregnant again… And left without the repeated sadness of having a baby removed after 12 hours… or 3 days… or ever again.
Finally, I totally disagree with the notion that cow's milk is a "wholesome and essential food source for humans". On the contrary, with everything I've researched and personally experienced… It is a substance easily replaced with a wide variety of plant based alternatives. They all provide the benefit without the negatives. Indeed some plant based milks are richer in calcium, iron, folate, zinc and vitamin D that cow's milk are also (or not) "fortified" with…
http://www.nu-train.com/repository/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/milk-chart.pngAs a once enthusiastic cow's milk consumer (a quart a day or so)… I can say that almond milk (for me) is the next best thing to sliced bread. I'm totally satisfied nutritionally and with flavor-enjoyment… No need for any calf-tears in the mix. ;)
Bev permalinkOctober 6, 2011 4:05 am
How would my practice be cruel? Comparing my farm to the farm you visited and what you stated in your own article, my girls are not 'synched', nor are they denied the right to choose a mate (two bulls usually run in our pasture during breeding season), nor will they ever have their calves hauled off the moment it enters this world. They are allowed to calve naturally, unmolested and the way God intended them to do it. Cows have a feral side to them when it comes to their 'time' and need their space.
I respect my animals and I treat them above and beyond. Raw milk is good for you and in my family it is wholesome and essential, but I never said it was the lowest in fat or cholesterol, everything in moderation you know.
If you want to eat squished up almonds with water be my guest, but I prefer to eat my almonds one at a time and feel the texture and experience the crunch. Each to their own.We will not agree on this subject, but do not compare me to the dairies who use hormones and are about the almighty dollar. We have a family farm where every animal fills a need and in turn we take excellent care of them and care about them.
I'm curious to know, you speak so passionately about this subject, have you ever mucked through 6″ of mud or gone out in 20 degree weather to break ice or to shovel snow out of the corral so they can more easily make it to the round hay bale or dumped 110 gallon tanks twice a day in 110 degree heat so their water would be cold and fresh? It would be so much easier to say to hell with it and not go outside, but stay comfy on the sofa. You go regardless when you live on a farm!
How many cows have you personally raised and cared for? You said, "The birth was shocking for me" and the only reason I can see that happening is lack of experience with large animals and births.
Until you have lived, worked, and cared for farm animals then all you are really basing your opinion on is one experience at one dairy.My mother taught me to try something before I knocked it and maybe you should too.
I invite you to come here and visit my farm, see my creatures. Then tell me if you wish to lump all cow owners in the same category.Moving on, funny you should say "for all the high minded good intentions", because for all of your 'high minded good intentions' what would you wish for people who currently have cows to do with them?
Open their gates and let them just wander off wherever they so choose?
Or perhaps we should load them all up and turn them loose in Yellow Stone National park? I
I'm quite sure the wolves and bears would be absolutely grateful for the abundant supply of easy meat, or better yet maybe we should bring the millions that exist in the USA to your place?"Just wondering though… If these folks could place themselves in the place of the mother… Or the baby – Wouldn't they see that their practices actually are so?"
To answer this I would say;
Women do it every day when they go to work and leave their kids at daycare. A mother is a mother and separation from her child is the same be it human or animal. Oh yes, I know we are of the higher variety with a brain that can process information and the knowledge we will be re-united later in the day.
If you put the calf in the corral and mommy cow is standing on the outside of it and can see, smell, and even lick her calf, they are less stressed.
It would only take a day or two for them both to realize the separation is only temporary and it prevents the bugger from taking all of the milk so my family can have that sustenance. You underestimate the intelligence of cows.
Again I ask, how many large livestock animals have you ever reared?
Ask me the same question…..My final say is this, God put animals here for man, that is my belief and no one will ever change my mind, and as long as they are treated well I believe in utilizing their resources and in return I give them food, shelter and a nice place to live their animal life.
I will give you the courtesy of saying, "I respect your belief and the right to choose to live however you see fit" and I shall do the same.
Thank you for an interesting debate, I have enjoyed our differing points of view. Oh and my calves don't cry ;) -
October 6, 2011 1:36 pm
Bev, a point of clarification – I wrote this post, not Beaelliott (although we are on the same page!)
"I'm curious to know, you speak so passionately about this subject, have you ever mucked through 6″ of mud or gone out in 20 degree weather to break ice or to shovel snow out of the corral so they can more easily make it to the round hay bale or dumped 110 gallon tanks twice a day in 110 degree heat so their water would be cold and fresh?"
Why yes, yes I have! Not 20 degree weather, because the temperature rarely gets that low here. But definitely 110 F (we use automatic waterers so don't have to worry about water going "hot"). Which begs the question – so what? Like does knowing how to muck out stalls have any bearing on the ethics of stealing the milk of an unrelated species to give to our own?
"How many cows have you personally raised and cared for? You said, "The birth was shocking for me" and the only reason I can see that happening is lack of experience with large animals and births."
I've personally cared for enough cows to know about their basic health requirements. As to birthing, of course I don't have a lot of experience with that (and I'm glad I don't). My experience to date with farmed animals, while extensive, involves rescued farmed animals in a sanctuary setting. Animals here do not breed, so obviously we don't have the same experience with birthing as someone who breeds animals for profit. We see the animals at the sanctuary as unique individuals worthy of lifelong care and compassion, a safe haven where they are not exploited for their flesh or breast milk.
October 6, 2011 6:30 am
Hello again Bev… If your cow refuses to mate and consequently does not produce a calf and does not lactate – What is her fate? When a cow ages and stops producing – What is her fate? What becomes of the males that are not needed to replace the breeding bulls? What happens to the bulls when they get too old to mount/mate? I don't pretend to know what you do on your farm. But hay, corn, shelter, vet care etc. are very costly. I'm assuming all the animals on your farm must "pay their way" — Or else… Am I correct?
I still disagree that any cow's or goat's or dog's or monkey's "milk" is "essential". I had my "essential" mother's breast milk over 55 years ago. I should have been weaned after my teeth came in — Not decades later. Unfortunately, the questions of continuing to drink cow's milk were not a prevelant until recently. I have found that myth of "needing" milk to be one of the biggest lies about nutrition.
And my mother taught me to use my good judgment. In fact a favorite saying for her was to remind me that "if everyone jumped off a bridge – would you do it too?". I am "knocking" something without trying it, because my good sense tells me: 1. There's no way to "use" someone for profit without denying them their choice. And 2. There's nothing I "need" from the body of another species.
You were curious to know did I ever muck through the mud to shovel snow/sh!t/etc. Yes indeed I have… Years ago I rescued a few horses headed for the glue-factory… I'm very familiar with rising at 5 a.m. for a full day of hard work – regardless if it was working with nonhumans, soil, lumber, concrete, etc. I'm no stranger to comittment or callouses – Not even to this day.
My sincere "wish" for all those cows that exist now is that they be allowed to live the rest of their full lives. My wish is that no more cows be brought to this earth to be "products". My wish is that cows and all other creatures not be considered "property".
"Women do it every day…" Yes, but they have a choice to do so. Many also opt out of having children all together.
My final say is this, All beings exist for their own purpose, that is my belief and no one will ever change my mind. And as long as humans use others for their own ends there will be cruelties inflicted on the innocent. I can satisfy myself and get all the nutrition I need from plants. And I have no need or desire to cut anyone's life short or manipulate their lives to suit my ends.
Sorry if I cannot condone or agree with you… But it is the interests of the victims that prevent me from doing so. And since they can't cry or speak for themselves – Someone has to…
Susan permalinkNovember 15, 2011 9:10 am
Mass production/exploitation of any animal is wrong and alot of it is cruel. But you are throwing the baby out with the bathwater. I immediately lost interest in your article when I realized I was reading something written by someone ill informed and uneducated about what they were writing about. Working briefly, or visiting one farm teaches you nothing except what is done on THAT farm. . Before I go any further I will tell you that I have lived on a farm my whole life. I have milked animals for 15 years and enjoy they meat they provide as well. First, you cannot humanize animals. You said they weren't even allowed to choose thier own mate. Sex and choosing a mate is not the same for cows as it is for humans! She will breed with a young or old bull, ANY bull to get "settled" which is the ultimate goal. The taking of the calf is upsetting but only for a short time, if you return the same calf after 24 hours MANY of them don't recognize it and will reject it. You say they don't really need to be milked, Do you really think that calf will drink the 10 plus gallons it's mother will produce?? If it isn't the farmers milk to take,the farmer that has fed her well enough to calve and come fresh, then whose is it? Do you really propose that we all open our gates and let our cows go all natural? Some will say there will be an overpopulation of cows with no purpose. Actually, they wouldn't live long enough, esp come wintertime. I totally support trying to get mass production practices abolished, but if you want to drink milk, or eat eggs or cheese go to a small local farmer, not the grocery store. Small farmers like me will leave the calf with the cow and take only the milk that the calf isn't drinking. Believe me, there is plenty to go around. She is well fed and well housed because a good small farmer knows that he will get the most out of thier animals if they are stress free. This also goes for the chickens on our farm, who free range 3 seasons out of the year and gladly go to thier pen for shelter in the winter. My point being that not all farms that produce milk, meat and eggs are cruel. If you came to my farm you would find chickens clucking to themselves as they poked around here and there. You would see contented cows chewing thier cud and eager to see humans coming. If you get out and really visit several small farms, you would see many small farmers that understand thier animals needs and intincts, instead of trying to place human emotion on them. I myself am fond of my animals and that indeed is a human emotion, but if I try to raise and nurture them based on MY feelings, they wouldn't be very healthy, happy or reproductive. We just don't speak the same language. If you want to send the message to the mass producers via thier pockets, but still want to enjoy the fruits of animals, find a local farmer and buy from him. We could use the money and we are everywhere.
Bev permalinkNovember 16, 2011 1:47 pm
Dear Susan, bless you for understanding! I fear we are preaching to the choir and these people believe animals should, and I quote…….
"My sincere "wish" for all those cows that exist now is that they be allowed to live the rest of their full lives. My wish is that no more cows be brought to this earth to be "products". My wish is that cows and all other creatures not be considered "property"."….In other words, Bea, (I got it right this time MarjiMarji) we are to separate all cows/heifers from all bulls (do not castrate or band them), do not allow them to reproduce and feed them until the day they die, naturally. Millions upon millions of cows that will live 10-15 yrs and then they die of their own accord. Never becoming food for the hungry people in the US or anywhere else, only living til they die, naturally.
You do realize that by doing so you have just condemned an entire species to become extinct!
I gather you would rather them to become extinct than to serve the purpose God created them for. Unbelievable!
Chickens, turkeys, and all animals considered domestic food 'products' would have to be separated, kept apart, never allowed to live 'naturally' as you seem to be so fond of. How can they live naturally when the males are kept from the females and denied their right to mate? Oh, that's a necessary evil to save them from a fate worse than extinction, death. Really? In my opinion, that is worse than having them as 'products', for at least the way I do it they live a good life and are happy before the end up in my freezer.Back to Susan, my mind will never be able to understand theirs and they will never understand ours.. They don't care how different a small farm versus a huge dairy is, they only care that in the end the animals die for our consumption.
Better to die and be consumed by vultures and bugs and become extinct than to be on the planet where a human might eat you I suppose ……Here is another quote Bea, "If your cow refuses to mate and consequently does not produce a calf and does not lactate – What is her fate? When a cow ages and stops producing – What is her fate? What becomes of the males that are not needed to replace the breeding bulls? What happens to the bulls when they get too old to mount/mate? I don't pretend to know what you do on your farm. But hay, corn, shelter, vet care etc. are very costly. I'm assuming all the animals on your farm must "pay their way" — Or else… Am I correct?"
To answer your first question; My cows have never refused to mate and are quite enamored with the bulls attention and advances. We bred a cow last year and she did not settle, she's still here and was bred this year and did settle, so she will have a calf next year. Not what you thought I'd say huh? :)
The answer to the rest of the questions: They are sent to the sale, then a feedlot, then go to a supermarket where people consume them.Cows hardly require much in the way of veterinarian services as they are a hardy species and tough as nails.
My cows have not paid their way yet, but eventually the sale of their calves will provide enough money to cover their yearly cost.
We'll break even at best and put food in our freezer that we know is not full of hormones, antibiotics, or other chemicals.You see 'taking' of an animals resources (milk, meat, eggs etc) as the most horrible thing in the world. I see taking the animals life as sad, but I also believe God put these animals on this earth to sustain his people and in doing so my job is to take great care of them. Treated with the utmost respect while they are serving their purpose.
They suffer no abuse, are well fed, and when their time comes to give their life so my family can live, I pay homage by thanking them and God for providing us with what is essential.To Susan (with another quote, this one from you)
"I totally support trying to get mass production practices abolished, but if you want to drink milk, or eat eggs or cheese go to a small local farmer, not the grocery store"…..They don't WANT to eat or drink any of it. They want all of us to ONLY eat vegetables and almond milk while we allow the creatures to die off, naturally.
It's ironic really, death is death be it natural, by disaster, or at the hands of a human.
In the end they are still dead.
I find it far more cruel to allow an entire species to go completely extinct than to raise them for food production.My final say on this debate is to thank Susan for being one of the normal people and to leave you with this:
Genesis 1:26
Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth."
Susan permalinkNovember 17, 2011 8:36 am
You are right, we will never understand each other's minds. I am glad there are other likeminded people out there. To the others who have voiced thier opinions, if you don't want to eat animals or thier by products, by all means don't. We all have choices and I respect yours, but you have to know, you cannot convince the farmer of your feelings trying to use "facts" that he knows are just incorrect. I would advise you to REALLY REALLY learn about what you are talking about, use more than one dairy farm as a source. Visit several, large and small. Learn about the cows natural instincts and diet. learn about common illnesses. learn about milk and meat types.
I am going out to milk now, I'm late and I can hear the cows protesting. Yes, they look forward to the milking ritual. I am going to leave you with a thought that i have had ever since i read Bev's post….How do you milk an almond?? Bev, happy farming:) -
Susan permalinkNovember 20, 2011 2:28 pm
Oh, forgot. The almonds in your milk? Genetically altered:)
Hafsa permalinkAugust 8, 2012 1:27 pm
I just found out how cow milk is produced (excuse me for my lack of knowledge). I was told by my parents at a very young age and i never tried to investigate further.
Its utterly disgusting and i (tea lover) couldn't have my tea today thinking what have i been drinking all my life :(. it made me upset because I would never put any living being in agony.
ed permalinkMarch 26, 2013 2:27 pm
I love milk if the putt caffeine in it I would drink nothing else thank you bossy!!!!!
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Am I missing something?
Am I missing something here? I simply have unchecked the "Open iTunes when this iPod is attached" on my "base" machine (and kept checked the "Enable disk use"), and then I use my shuffle in any number of machines as a straight USB flash drive without problems. I copy files to and fro with abandon, and I listen to my (unharmed) music any time it's not plugged into a machine.
Am I missing something?
Yeah, "it just works" for me too. I guess the author "missed" the easy way to do it. Just untick the "Open ipod when itunes is open" and tick "enable disk use" - then it basically just acts like a USB stick.
Am I missing something?
It really is a good hint. I used my Shuffle with my PowerBook at home, but have iTunes installed on my work XP machine. If you insert a Shuffle on such a machine, iTunes starts. At that point, you can't minimize iTunes or get it out of the way until you dismiss the dialogue box asking you if you want to associate the Shuffle with iTunes on that computer. Once you say NO, iTunes unmounts the Shuffle. The ONLY WAY to use the preference to not start iTunes is with the Shuffle mounted in iTunes, which you don't want to do. Actually, I had to suffer that one day, i.e., erase my shuffle at work to set the stupid preference. |
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text: This past weekend I attended Mixed Conference - A Food Blogger's Conference that was held at the beautiful Mountain Lake Hotel which is located on 2,600 acre Virginia mountaintop property.... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]] … Read the whole story »


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Hi.!! I'm Alejandro from Argentina..soryy but my English is so bad. :$ jajaja...so I made this video of Mike Shinoda Shoes ^^ Its great.. UnderFilm
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Joannie Daniels Dyer is the author of poems that would make any political activist agree with its contents. As native of Denver Colorado. Conming from a long list of creative people. The Book PoLA-Tik-N gives you a glimpse in the genious of the Bryant, Dyer, Daniels Family. POLITICALITY - publishing award 1980 in The American Collegiate Anthology Library of Congress BEST of 95 2ND PLACE IN FASHION MERCHANDISING WHO'S WHO IN PHI BETA LAMDA 2nd AWARD W/ DECA 2008 Please tell others ot listen to this wondeful author and creative mind share how she came up with this book and whyhe TV Channel Proposal can be linked to : http://www.gofundme.com/yyles or go to the www.breakingnewsjournal.net site and click on the red slipper to see. .


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- Overall
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- Comedic Ability
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I just love evrything she has done
- Mary
- 2013-11-21
Watching one now called Glory Rd with Ralph Meeker, never saw this one before. and not listed was wondering if one her very first roles
Leslie Caron
- Paul
- 2010-08-01
I'm sorry to disagree with one the previous reviewers, who apparently hasn't a sentimental bone in the body, nor an eye for beauty in movement, (any Dancing pics ) voice, (any Singing) character arc/depth, ("Father Goose") facial structure ("Lili"), anatomy ("An American In Paris") youth + class ('The Man With A Cloak") age + Class ("Chocolat"). It would be a shame to lose the awe of just looking at her (let alone her abilities when compared to the zero-dimensional "actresses" who are in 99% of today's movies, that I have seen...) because someone else chooses to miss these features. This is a rare actress, the likes of whom may never be seen again as there is no need: no musicals like Gene Kelly produced will be seen again: the painting in motion, the art of the dance. Pair that with real acting ability and beauty that is more interesting than 21st century glamour "divas" and you have a once-in-a-lifetime creation of Nature.
Overrated actress
- spunkylubbock
- 2009-10-29
I watched many of the Leslie Caron movies shown this October to see if I liked any of them. I have to say I still can't find anything to like about this actress. It's rare for me not to find something to like about any actor or actress. There have been a few others I started out not liking but when I watched more of their work I have always found something to like or have even been completely turned around in my opinions but not with this actress. She was(is) quite beautiful but there was always a coldness or fakeness in most of her portrayals that turns me off. In Father Goose I've always wanted to tell Cary Grant "Don't marry her! You can do much better!"
Wonderful Musical Actress
- Riccardo
- 2009-10-26
One of the screen's most winning musical actresses. With her classical ballet training and appealing singing, she made a success of this genre. In later career, she has expanded into dramatic roles as well, increasing the range of her work....as Judy Garland attempted. When It comes to success like this, it's even harder to make comparisons with other stars...especially other with stars of the earlier golden age...whose talent was great, but whose opportunities were less.
ms leslie caron
- deborah
- 2007-08-04
ms. leslie caron is one of my favorite actresses i love all of her movies I"m looking for the glass slipper and lili she"s better then these modern day actreees
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Liberty University
Family Genogram Project
The purpose of a student construing a genogram is to help a student gain an understanding of his/her family background. By gaining knowledge of one family it can help the student assist other understand how to help their clients. However, genograms backbone is a graphic depiction of how different family member are biologically, legally, and emotionally related to one another from one generation to the next (McGoldrick, Gerson &Petry, 2007, p.21). A genogram display "family information graphically in a way that provides a quick gestalt of complex family patterns; as such they are a rich source of hypotheses about how clinical problem evolve in the context of the family over time" (McGoldrick, Gerson & Petry, 2007, p. 2). A genogram is a pictorial diagram which can show anything from family relationships to medical history" Also., "complexity of a family's complex, including family history, patterns, and events that may behave ongoing significance for patient care" (McGoldrick, Gerson & Petry, 2007, p. 4). Genograms allow individuals to identify patterns of behaviors and hereditary tendencies.
The primary purpose of genograms is to engage the family in visually summarizing and illustrating familial relationships and patterns of behavior within a family system in support of family assessment and intervention planning. They have been known to record family problems, medical issues, psychological issues and personal relationships going back at least three generations of the family. Important factors included in a genogram is age, sex, ethnicity, religion, race, sexual orientation, migration information and class to be able to make accurate diagnoses. For example, when you go to the doctor for the first time they give you a question asking you about all the information in a genogram.
My whole entire family, on both my mother and father side, are... [continues]
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Bedrooms | Breakfast | Guest Information | Stay at Sarum
When you stay at Sarum College in Salisbury's Cathedral Close, the magnificent Salisbury Cathedral is just steps away.
Sarum College offers the only guest accommodation within Salisbury's historic Cathedral Close, which itself is in the centre of a beautiful medieval city.
Situated in Grade I-Listed buildings, the oldest part of the college dates from 1677 and is attributed to Sir Christopher Wren. By day, Sarum is a working further education college and conference venue. Many students choose to stay at Sarum while attending their courses but our rooms (40, all en-suite) and hospitality are open to all.
Many of our guest bedrooms are newly refurbished, some have uninterrupted views of the Cathedral and the Close. Single, double and twin rooms are all available with tea and coffee-making facilities. The lift gives access to all the floors, and there is a common room with easy chairs and licensed bar for guest use.
The Cathedral Close is in central Salisbury, a five-minute walk from the High Street with shops, cafes and a twice-weekly market. In addition to the College's own art programme, there are excellent cultural venues nearby, including the Salisbury Playhouse, City Hall, Odeon cinema, as well as award-winning museums, Arundells (the home of Sir Edward Heath) and Mompesson House, a fine National Trust property. The World Heritage Site of Stonehenge is a short bus journey away.
There are dozens of buzzing restaurants, pubs and bars just a few minutes walk away. Sarum College guests can borrow a Close gate key to come and go as they please. The Cathedral Close gates are locked from 10:30pm (it was 7pm in the 15th century!).
But when you re-enter the Close and the door of no. 19 shuts behind you, the peace and beauty of the Cathedral and surrounding Close is all yours.
Clam in the Close by Sr Mairead Quigley, Chaplain to Sarum College and STETS
Videos on Salisbury and the Wiltshire area
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Bed & Breakfast Rates
(until 30 June 2014)
En-suite double/twin £99
En-suite single £64
To ensure you have the best room for your needs contact Sarum College directly.
Email firstname.lastname@example.com or telephone +44 (0)1722 424800.
Bookings can also be made via our secure online booking function.
"Everything about the College is excellent – the warm hospitality of the staff, the excellent room I have had both times, the facilities, the ambiance everything. I recommend it to people whenever I can."
B&B guest, November 2012
"By far the best place to stay in Salisbury – we walked past several town centre hotels and really appreciated reaching the quiet of the cathedral close."
TripAdvisor review, October 2012
"… a jolly B&B…if you rise early, you get the cathedral grounds to yourself…"
"This is my second stay at Sarum College and I could not recommend it highly enough as a very special, warm, welcoming, peaceful and nurturing place to stay: almost a mini-retreat, and in one of the most beautiful places in the world, in the Cathedral Close! Thank you!"
Margaret Norwich, B&B guest, May 2011


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The Whynter ARC-110WD does more than just cool your home: it's energy efficient, quiet, and programmable. A compact design makes it perfect for rooms without a lot of space like bedrooms, offices, classrooms, and workshops. Patented self-evaporating technology means you won't have to empty a water bin, which is something many portable ACs claim but few can back up as well as this model.
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Cooling Power | 11000 BTUs |
Recommended Coverage Area | 350 sq. ft. |
Residential/Commercial | Residential |
Height | 30.5 in. |
Width | 17.3 in. |
Depth | 15.4 in. |
Weight | 65 lbs. |
Hose Type | Dual Hose |
Vent Hose Length | 3.9 ft. |
Window Kit Included | Yes |
Maximum Window Opening | 47 in. |
Sliding Window Capable | Yes |
Type of Controls | Electronic |
Programmable Timer | Yes |
Remote Control | Yes |
Drain Hose Capable | Yes |
Self-Evaporation | Full |
Internal Condensate Pump | No |
Dehumidifier Mode | Yes |
Heat Mode | No |
Fan-Only Mode | Yes |
Automatic Mode | Yes |
Casters | Yes |
Air Filter | Yes |
Odor Control Filter | Yes |
Maximum Noise Level | 56 dB |
Minimum Thermostat Setting | 61 degrees F |
Maximum Thermostat Setting | 89 degrees F |
Minimum Operating Temperature | 60 degrees F |
Refrigerant Type | R-410A |
Voltage | 110-120 V |
Automatic Restart on Power Failure | Yes |
Full Bucket Indicator/Auto Shutoff | Yes |
Automatic Oscillation | No |
Maximum Wattage | 1040 W |
Maximum Amperage | 9.5 Amps |
Color | White |
Reviewed by 3 customers
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Best Uses
Comments about Whynter 11,000 BTU Portable Air Conditioner ARC-110WD:
There are two hoses, one samller. Which goes on the intake and which goes on the exhaust?
Best Uses
Comments about Whynter 11,000 BTU Portable Air Conditioner ARC-110WD:
I use this A/C to cool my baby's room - it's a small about 11 x 11 bedroom.
Installation was a bit difficult since the tubes are very short - about 4 feet when fully extended straight. Since the tubes need to be bent, this means the vent needs to be more like 3 feet away from the window.
On a warm day (about 90 F) with guests over, we moved the A/C to the living room. While moving, water started to drip out of the unit. When moving the unit back to the bedroom, I drained it first (there was very little water), but still had water drip out - not sure where it's coming from, but it's a bit of an annoyance.
Overall pleased with this purchase, just wish it came with longer hoses.
Best Uses
Comments about Whynter 11,000 BTU Portable Air Conditioner ARC-110WD:
I am using this AC in a 17 x 15 bedroom on the second floor of an older house in central Illinois. We have had several hot days already and this AC was a godsend. My central AC is old and needs an update but this will now come later as this dual hose AC does the trick. It will cool down the room from 83 degrees to a comfortable 73 degrees in about an hour. It is way quieter than any conventional portal AC I have ever heard. I am a lite sleeper but this AC does not bother me. I found it easy to set up but the directions could be more specific. For example it does not indicate which hose goes on what connection. I put the larger hose on the exhaust and the smaller hose on the intake. All in all I am very pleased with this unit. I have not had to drain it either which tells me evaporative process is working
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Samsung Receives No License from ObjectVideo in ITC Case
RESTON, Va., July 20, 2012 /PRNewswire/ — On Wednesday, July 18, 2012, ObjectVideo announced the filing of an unopposed motion to terminate Samsung from an ongoing United States International Trade Commission (USITC) investigation. Samsung Techwin received a very limited covenant not to sue on current Samsung products in the United States marketplace. This release provides more detail with respect to the termination of the USITC investigation.
The covenant applied to only three of ObjectVideo's 47 awarded U.S. and international patents. The covenant does not cover the full suite of ObjectVideo patented technology, current or pending. Further, the covenant does not cover any new Samsung products. In short, Samsung does not have a license to any ObjectVideo intellectual property (IP).
"This is a covenant which covers a very small subset of Samsung products as of June 30, 2011. As the case more fully developed, we realized that Samsung actually had very primitive and inaccurate video analytics capabilities," said Raul Fernandez, ObjectVideo CEO. "When Samsung legitimately invents — or, inevitably finds it is unable to compete with market leaders who have legitimately invented or licensed our IP or our software — we would welcome having additional business discussions."
In addition to its thriving software business, ObjectVideo has, since the beginning of 2012, won nearly $30M in strategic R&D Services government business and signed portfolio-wide IP license agreements with Sony, Tyco Security and VIVOTEK. Additional IP deals will be announced in the coming months.
About ObjectVideo, Inc.
ObjectVideo is the world's leading innovator of intelligent video software, utilized by organizations worldwide to enhance security, streamline operations and provide business intelligence. ObjectVideo's patented technology can be effectively deployed anywhere within a video system and is available to market through leading providers as a high-value component of the surveillance solution. For more information, please visit www.objectvideo.com.
SOURCE ObjectVideo, Inc.


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we've got signatures, help us get to 5,000 by January 31, 2014
If the MSCF is not reauthorized, populations of African elephants, Asian elephants, tigers, Sumatran rhinoceroses, great apes, marine turtles and other endangered and threatened species would loose crucial programs that protect them from poaching.
U.S. foreign assistance costs approximately 1.3 percent of the federal budget, and the MSCF comprises only .02 percent of this foreign assistance spending. The U.S. Department of the Interior recognized the value of the MSCF and calculated that the program generated 207 U.S. jobs and added $22.6 million to the U.S. economy in Fiscal Year 2010.
Tell your representatives to support the Multinational Species Conservation Funds Reauthorization Act of 2011, (H.R. 50).
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Estimating economic and social welfare impacts of pension reform
This paper examines the impact of two effects of the pension reform package that the UK Government put forward in the May White Paper Security in retirement: the likely increase in the number of older people working due to a higher State Pension age and the likely rise in saving due to more people putting away money for retirement. The overall effect of changes to State Pension age and the introduction of personal accounts on UK incomes is likely to be in the range of 0.9 – 3.1 per cent. Although these numbers are relatively small proportions of the total economy, they represent significant sums. In terms of today's economy, they would be worth around £11 – 38 billion. This paper also applies an innovative economic analysis to examine the scale of the increase in people's wellbeing as a result of improved consumption smoothing. It finds that if people save for retirement through personal accounts, then generally their wellbeing will be enhanced.Download Info
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.Bibliographic Info
Paper provided by University Library of Munich, Germany in its series MPRA Paper with number 1623.Length:
Date of creation: 29 Nov 2006
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:1623
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Related research
Keywords: pension reform; consumption smoothing; social welfare;Find related papers by JEL classification:
- E17 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
- E20 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
- H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ALL-2007-02-10 (All new papers)
- NEP-MAC-2007-02-10 (Macroeconomics)
- NEP-PBE-2007-02-10 (Public Economics)
References listed on IDEASPlease report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Tatiana Kirsanova & James Sefton, 2006.
"A Comparison of National Saving Rates in the UK, US and Italy,"
NIESR Discussion Papers
278, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
- Kirsanova, Tatiana & Sefton, James, 2007. "A comparison of national saving rates in the UK, US and Italy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(8), pages 1998-2028, November.
- Tatiana Kirsanova & James Sefton, 2006. "A Comparison of National Saving Rates in the UK, US and Italy," Discussion Papers 0612, Exeter University, Department of Economics.
- Daniel Kahneman, 2003. "A Psychological Perspective on Economics," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(2), pages 162-168, May.
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.Cited by:
- Gielen, A. C., 2007.
"Working Hours Flexibility and Older Workers' Labor Supply,"
Discussion Paper
2007-49, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
- Anne C. Gielen, 2009. "Working hours flexibility and older workers' labor supply," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 61(2), pages 240-274, April.
- Gielen, Anne C., 2007. "Working Hours Flexibility and Older Workers' Labor Supply," IZA Discussion Papers 2946, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
- repec:cep:sticas:case161 is not listed on IDEAS
- Grech, Aaron George, 2012.
"Evaluating the possible impact of pension reforms on future living standards in Europe,"
MPRA Paper
39851, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Aaron George Grech, 2012. "Evaluating the possible impact of pension reforms on future living standards in Europe," CASE Papers /161, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
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text:
T-H Marine Washdown Hose With Holding Station
Key Features
Keeps deck clean and safe
Rugged molded base
Drain holes in bottom of compartment
5' supply hose
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This surface-mount washdown hose holder neatly secures a 25' hose to keep your deck clean and safe. Constructed with rugged molded base, drain holes in bottom of hose compartment, and chrome brass fittings. Comes with 5' supply hose to attach to washdown fitting or supply pump.


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Showing 1-50 of 50 items found in Food & Drink
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Effingham Artisan Fair
Effingham's downtown will transform into an art gallery during the Annual Effingham Artisan Fair. Explore what over 40 artisans from across the region have to offer from paintings and pottery to jewelry and sculptures. This premier two-day event continues to grow each year with wine and beer tasting, live entertainment, Kids Korner, great food and drinks, along with many more fun activities! See live demonstrations and explore downtown Effingham during this fun-filled family-friendly weekend.
CITY: Effingham
Firefly Grill
Firefly Grill is a modern roadhouse restaurant located on the shores of Lake Kristie. This wonderful place operates on an oasis of American fresh cuisine in the heart of the Midwest. Firefly's menu changes daily and boasts fresh seafood, oak fire steaks and brick oven pizzas. Firefly uses local ingredients whenever possible and fresh herbs and vegetables from their garden. The beautiful facility and grounds make this the perfect place for a wedding or group event. Cooking demonstrations and tours are also available.
CITY: Effingham
Tuscan Hills Winery
Tuscan Hills Winery, recently opened in 2011, is on Historic Hills Drive, directly behind the Harley Barn. This winery is located on eight picturesque acres which helps bring an Old World Tuscan feel to the heart of Effingham. The owners are focused on creating elegant, approachable, and perfectly balanced wines of the highest quality. Wine tastings, along with space available for reservations makes this a must stop for group tours. Tuscan Hills Winery wants you to "Come as our guest, but leave as our friends." We welcome you to plan your next event at Tuscan Hills Winery - whether it's a beautiful wedding in our vineyard or book the space for your next meeting.
CITY: Effingham
Camp Lakewood
Come out to Camp Lakewood and enjoy the views of Lake Pauline plus all the creature comforts. Camp Lakewood is an RV campground. The sites include cable, WiFi, 30/50 AMP. They also offer a one and two bedroom cabin that is fully furnished and self contained. The newest cabin sleeps five and includes Cable TV. They do offer tent sites as well for those who want to be a little closer to nature.
CITY: Effingham
Homewood Grill
This local favorite opens in April and closes in October. Homewood Grill is a snack stand that serves American meals, candy, ice cream, slushies and more.
CITY: Effingham
Orchard View Winery
Taste the tradition of over 100 years of quality grown fruit from the Mazanek family orchards. Even connoisseurs will appreciate a glass of John James, a delightful semi-sweet blend of Golden Delicious and Jonathan apples aged in American oak.
CITY: Alma
Joe's Pizza And Pasta
Joe's Pizza and Pasta is a hometown favorite serving fine Italian dishes including pizza, pasta, submarine sandwiches, desserts and more. Recently renovated, Joe's makes the perfect place for lunch or dinner with the availability of large party reservations and delivery service.
CITY: Effingham
Oct 25
Effingham Farmer's Market
Effingham Farmer's Market provides our community with fresh, locally-grown food, art, live music and quality artisan goods, produced right here in downtown Effingham, on the Courthouse Museum lawn. Come on out and support our community and your health! The market will continue every Saturday from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. from April to October. Enjoy our beautiful downtown square with the best live entertainment, artisans and locally grown food right here in Effingham
CITY: Effingham
Gardens of Heartland Hall
Located just minutes outside of Effingham. The Gardens of Heartland can fully satisfy your requirements for affordable & elegant receptions & outdoor weddings, or small gatherings.
CITY: Effingham
Abigails on the Lake
Abigail's is a full-service marina with a restaurant located right on Lake Sara and has a boat ramp, gas, and boat rental slips. They offer hot dogs, BBQ and other great American traditional food.
CITY: Effingham
Firefly Grill & Restaurant
Ranked the second most eco-friendly restaurant in the nation by Bon Appétit, Firefly's striking building is constructed from reclaimed barn wood, and its menu of American dishes incorporates ingredients from Firefly's own gardens and local producers.
CITY: Effingham
The Marina at Lake Sara
If you want to spend a day on Lake Sara but don't have a boat, don't worry The Marina at Lake Sara offers boat rentals, tackle, gas, food and drinks.
CITY: Effingham
Country Pride - Effingham
Country Pride is a full service restaurant with home-style food. There is a non-smoking section and it is handicap accessible. It is located in a 24 hour truckstop.
CITY: Effingham
Craig-O's Pizza, Pasta & Hot Oven Subs
Craig-O's offers an assortment pizza, pasta, sub-sandwiches and more.
CITY: Salem
Chico's Mexican Restaurant
Chico's menu is full of delicious south of the border favorites.
CITY: Salem
Family Cafe
Family Cafe offers delicious cafe style cuisine in a casual, family friendly environment.
CITY: Vandalia
Anthony's Wild West Side and Fall Out Saloon
A unique Western dining experience featuring steaks, ribs, pizza, sandwiches, pasta, salads, and our famous BBQ, smoked for over 15 hours. With 3 banquet rooms and catering available, we also make our own fudge and bulk candies.
CITY: Flora
Gabby Goat
The Gabby Goat American Pub & Grill is the premier restaurant and sports bar in Effingham, IL for your next night out, event, gathering, party, breakfast, lunch, or dinner! The Gabby Goat is all about a culmination of creativity, desire, passion, and just plain old hard work. We are an American Pub and Grill. The driving force throughout our development has been and will always be to provide you, our guests, with the "Greatest Of All Times."
CITY: Effingham
Raintree Restaurant
Full service, credit cards accepted, non-smoking area, handicap accessible. Take-out available. Located next to the Best Western Inn. Open seven days.
CITY: Effingham
Puerto Vallarta
Puerto Vallarta serves authentic Mexican food at affordable prices within a friendly atmosphere.
CITY: Effingham
Jimmy Johns
Subs so fast you will freak! Jimmy Johns offers carry out, delivery or eat there at the restaurant.
CITY: Effingham
The Chuckwagon
The Chuckwagon offers a wide variety of fabulous dishes and desserts for the whole family.
CITY: Vandalia
El Rancho Nubo
El Rancho Nubo has a large variety of delicious authentic Mexican dishes.
CITY: Vandalia
Niemerg's Steakhouse
Niemerg's Steakhouse in Effingham opened September 1, 1978 and is locally owned and operated with food that's made grandmother style; from scratch and with care.
CITY: Effingham
Los Tres Caminos
Offering a wide variety of Authentic Mexican Cuisine, also serves beer & margaritas.
CITY: Flora
Grandma's Kitchen
Family style dining, dine in or carry out available. "Good old country home cooking."
CITY: Flora
Witt's Smokehouse
Witt's is a full service restaurant. They are famous for their BBQ, but also offer pizza and other food choices. Witt's also offers delivery and catering.
CITY: Effingham
La Fuente Mexican Restaurant
Offering all of the authentic Mexican food favorites. Also serving Beer & Margaritas.
CITY: Flora
Joe Sippers Cafe
Need a nice place to relax? Come out to Joe Sippers Café for breakfast, lunch, dinner or just to enjoy a cup of coffee.
CITY: Effingham
East End Cafe'
Featuring Steaks & Chops, Always Fresh Fish, Pasta Dishes, Best Omelets, Great Burgers and more. Open Daily!
CITY: Flora
The Gallatin Street Grille
Gallatin Street Grille has a diverse selection, seafood, ribs, steak, and more, all served by Gallatin's friendly staff.
CITY: Vandalia
Denny's - Salem
American family-style dinners served 24 hours a day. Senior menu. Also full bar and lounge.
CITY: Salem
Bangkok Thai Restaurant
Bangkok Thai restaurant is the premier Thai taste in Central Illinois. They offer signature Thai dishes such as Pad Thai, along with authentic Thai drinks. You won't want to miss this authentic experience into Bangkok Thai.
CITY: Effingham
BB's Grand Palace & Majestic Grill
Featuring Southern Illinois' largest dance club with live music every Tuesday - Saturday nights. Also featuring the Majestic grill with many lunch and dinner specials.
CITY: Flora
Village Wine & Gifts
Village Wine & Gifts is a great setting to enjoy some wine with friends or family. They offer wine tastings, samples of cheese and people may buy bottles of wine for a great price.
CITY: Effingham
Geno's Grill.
American burgers, chili, soups, tacos. Catering and Delivery services too. Friday is seafood night. Call for daily specials.
CITY: Flora
Sanders Bakery & Deli
The best bread in town! Old county bakery, sell homemade deli sandwiches of all kinds. Also offering a Friday and Saturday night all you can eat fish dinner. A place for a connoisseur with a sweet palette.
CITY: Flora
Chili Fest
Nearly two dozen businesses will host either a complimentary chili tasting stop or other treats and refreshments throughout the evening. Festival goers will be given ballets to vote for their favorite chili. Live entertainment will be provided throughout the night.
CITY: Effingham
Buffalo Wild Wings
Buffalo Wild Wings offers lunch and dinner. It includes an atmosphere great for any sporting event or family gathering.
CITY: Effingham
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I'm posting in the hope that I will brighten your day just a little bit. I'm not a good photographer, I'm just someone who wants to bring a little joy.
View Full ProfileLOL – absolutely fabulous imagination and image , Susan !!
Thank you…….I only post these in the hopes they will bring smiles!!
– Susan Littlefield
Guaranteed to bring a smile to one's face (^_^)
Thank you Trish! I appreciate your comment!!
– Susan Littlefield
Hehehe very clever Susan
Thanks so much!!!!
– Susan Littlefield
Glad you liked this one……thanks!!!!
– Susan Littlefield


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Brown Polarised Tortoiseshell Wrap Sunglasses
Item No.0760109120
These brown wrap sunglasses from Ray Ban have polarised lenses with a graduating brown tint and tortoiseshell frames.
- Graduating brown-tinted lenses
- Wrap design
- Silver logos on the arms
- Hard case included
- 100% UV protection
- Filter category 3 (Dark tint, Sunny use, 8% - 18%)
Debenhams is happy to exchange or refund your purchase within 28 days providing the goods are in a fully resaleable condition (including tags) and not within the exclusion policy*. This policy does not affect your statutory rights. You can return unwanted items either by visiting your local store (the fastest way to get a refund), by arranging a courier collection or returning by post. Exclusions apply to selected products. For instructions on how to return products and information on Debenhams refund policy visit the returns and refunds section of the website.


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Human Resources is located at 677 East 12th Ave., Suite 400. Our mailing address is: 5210 University of Oregon, Eugene OR, 97403-5210.
Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics
Office Specialist 2 - Archive
Posting: | 04510 |
Classification: | C0104 |
Department: | Lundquist College of Business |
Opens: | 2013-02-07 |
Closes: | 2013-02-28 |
Salary: | $12.70 - $18.43 Per Hour |
Location: | Eugene |
o The University of Oregon Lundquist College of Business invites applications for a full-time Development Assistant (Office Specialist 2) in the Office of Development. Position works a flexible schedule and will require the ability to work evenings and weekends to support college events.
o This is a classified position represented by SEIU local 503, Oregon Public Employees Union.
o University of Oregon positions that are at least half-time are eligible for excellent benefits, including health and dental, employer-paid retirement, and tuition benefits for employee or an eligible dependent, sick and vacation leave.
o Due to budgetary shortfalls, the persons appointed to these positions will be required to take unpaid furlough days between date of hire and June 30, 2013.
o This recruitment is open to any applicant who meets the qualifications listed below.
... two years of general clerical experience. One year of which included typing, word processing, or other experience generating documents; OR
... an associate's degree in Office Occupations or Office Technology; OR
... graduation from a private school of business with a Certificate in Office Occupations or Office Technology and one year of general clerical experience.
In addition this position requires:
* Proven experience with client and external constituency customer service.
* Advanced experience with Microsoft Office software suite, including the ability to format, filter, and use basic formulas within Excel; proven graphics computer skills, and database applications.
* Discretion and ability to interact with high-level donors, and the ability to maintain a high level of professionalism, discretion, and confidentiality.
* Strong communication skills, independent judgment, and the ability to work effectively with diverse populations.
* Excellent organizational skills; strong analytical and creative abilities
* Ability to set priorities, take initiative, be proactive and follow-up, manage diverse responsibilities and multiple tasks.
* Excellent writing, editing, and proofing skills, and strong attention to detail.
* Self-motivated, punctual, reliable, and flexible.
* Ability to work effectively in team environment with frequent distractions.
Please indicate your skills on the attached skill code sheet.
Position is subject to criminal background check.
This position provides confidential administrative support for the Directors of Development and Director of Stewardship. Duties include:
... supporting business and fiscal affairs in the office, including developing supplies and services budget and preparing quarterly budget reports; auditing office expenses and notifying Director of concerns; preparing personal service contracts and authorizing payments; researching, purchasing, and maintaining office supplies and equipment inventory.
... providing administrative support of a confidential and sensitive nature to facilitate fundraising activities; managing electronic scheduling system; researching, analyzing, and maintaining confidential development files; preparing and maintaining accurate and detailed contact records for donor and prospect communications in database systems and paper files; maintaining and monitoring records and files; using the fundraising database to create and generate complex reports on donor records and activity; researching prospective donors using online and library sources; arranging and scheduling meetings with prospective donors, especially on-campus visits.
... providing assistance to the directors in drafting, typing, formatting, processing, mailing, and tracking a variety of documents, including letters, proposals, reports, gift intention letters, thank you letters, and other written materials; assisting in making arrangements for travel for the Directors; preparing travel expense documents for billing and reimbursement.
... providing administrative support for stewardship program and event planning; including taking reservations, preparing for tailgate parties, drafting invitations, coordinating logistics, and preparing materials; scheduling External Relations meetings, including securing locations, preparing materials, and taking and distributing minutes; coordinating stewardship activities, including sending cards to key development prospects.
... reviewing affiliated donor lists to identify Lundquist College donors and coordinate internal University Development protocols and related external correspondence; creating and analyzing a variety of complex fundraising and program measurement reports, such as quarterly reports on development activity; preparing PowerPoint presentations and coordinating External Relations mailings.
To assist us in making the selection for this position, please respond to the following questions on a separate sheet(s) of paper. Number your responses to correspond to the questions and describe experience and training related to each question. Make sure that any experience or training described in your responses are included on your application.
1. This position uses word processing, spreadsheets, and databases. Describe your experience creating and maintaining databases, maintaining electronic files, and the types of documents you prepared and maintained. Specify the computer software with which you are proficient.
2. Describe your experience providing administrative support, including preparing mailings, event planning, and maintaining hard copy and electronic records.
3. This position communicates with UO faculty, administrators, staff and outside organizations and alumni. Describe experience that demonstrates your ability to communicate effectively verbally and in writing with diverse audiences.
You must also fill out a skill code sheet for this position. You can pick one up at Human Resources or print one out at http://jobs.uoregon.edu/skillcode.html
Submit all application materials, including Human Resources Job Application form, supplemental questions and other relevant materials by the closing date to:
Human Resources
677 East 12th Ave., Suite 400
5210 University of Oregon
Eugene, OR 97403-5210
Human Resources Job Application must be filled out completely or it will not be accepted. Make sure to keep a copy of your application packet for job interviews.
This announcement is available in alternate formats upon request. If you are a qualified applicant with a disability and need accommodation with the application process, please contact us for assistance.