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Emerging Sectors
The renewable sectors of solar, wind, and geothermal energy and the sector of carbon
capture, use, and storage (CCUS), which includes geological carbon sequestration, are not as
mature or as long established as the sectors of oil and gas, nuclear energy, and mining discussed
in Chapter 2. These sectors are still emerging and their pieces of the future U.S. energy quilt are
still evolving. These emerging sectors are the subject of this chapter.
The following discussions of solar, wind, and geothermal energy, as well as CCUS,
generally contain an overview of typical systems and related technologies, market trends,
industry overview and profile, public policy and regulatory issues, occupational categories,
career pathways, employer needs and challenges, workforce education and training, potential
impact of innovation, conclusions, and recommendations. This chapter also highlights an
example of a successful geothermal education program that could be emulated for other energy
and mining sectors.
Recommendations of importance for each of the emerging industries in this chapter, along
with the information and data to support them, are provided within their respective chapter sections. In
addition to these industry-specific recommendations, a set of Shared Recommendations that apply across
the industries in this chapter are presented at the final section of the chapter.
A point to note that is common to all of these emerging sectors relates to the availability
of reliable workforce estimates and projections. As noted in Chapter 1 and described in
Appendix B, this report primarily uses data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to profile
the workforce. However, to examine the energy and mining workforce, there are shortcomings
with using BLS data. The dominant limitation is the way in which the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) system handles the emerging sectors. Whereas there are NAICS
codes that are helpful in understanding the more mature industries covered in Chapter 2, the
emerging industries are not represented by unique NAICS codes, making it currently infeasible
to examine or project the workforce in each of these areas using BLS data. This limitation may
be mitigated in time as the NAICS codes are updated. As an example of this possibility, in the
2012 version, separate NAICS codes are available for solar electric power generation, wind
electric power generation, and geothermal electric power generation. Unfortunately, these
changes will not make their way into all of the data sources available from the BLS and other
agencies for several years.
Workforce information, data, and projections from sources other than BLS are used and
discussed as appropriate in each of the emerging sector sections. There are variations among data
from different sources, and these differences are noted in the discussions that follow.
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A few general points are worth noting. Workforce estimates are prepared by The Solar
Foundation (TSF, which regularly conducts a solar jobs census), the American Wind Energy
Association (AWEA, which regularly prepares wind market reports), and the Geothermal Energy
Association (GEA, which reports on the geothermal industry). Such data are presented from these and
other authors. Also, TSF provides near-term workforce projections, GEA provides scenario-based
workforce projections, and government entities (the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
[NREL] and Department of Energy [DOE]) have conducted studies that include long-range
workforce projections for solar and wind, respectively, based on specific scenarios. Such data are
given from these and other authors. The projection time frames vary widely among the different
data sources.
Industry market trends and projections are helpful in providing insights into possible
workforce trends. Because the Energy Information Administration (EIA) is the source of energy
statistics from the U.S. government, EIA data are used to show industry market trends and
projections out to 2035. Trend information from TSF, AWEA, GEA, the Interstate Renewable
Energy Council (IREC, for solar), and others are also presented.
The data in this report were collected by different entities for different purposes using a
variety of methods and workforce definitions, making direct data comparisons difficult and
inexact. Additional information about these data can be obtained from their referenced reports
and papers.
Introduction and Overview of Solar Power Systems
Three major categories of solar power systems are discussed—photovoltaics (PV),, solar
heating and cooling (SHC),, and concentrating solar power (CSP). PV systems convert solar
power directly into electric power. SHC systems convert solar energy into thermal energy that
can be used to heat potable water, heat and cool buildings, and heat swimming pools. CSP
systems are thermal electric systems that first convert solar energy into thermal energy to
produce high-temperature steam, and then the steam is used to drive a turbine generator to
produce electric power.
Photovoltaic Systems
The PV effect is the underlying phenomenon that allows PV systems to be effective
electric power systems. When they are part of a complete electrical circuit and subjected to
sunlight, PV (or solar) cells produce direct-current (dc) electricity. Many types of semiconductor
materials can be used to make PV cells, but silicon is by far the most common. The typical
silicon wafer is treated (doped) with both boron and phosphorous.
The PV cell is the basic building block of PV power systems. Manufacturers electrically
connect the cells and enclose them in a laminate structure to form PV modules, which are the
principal product sold by PV manufacturers. System designers and integrators combine modules
in series and parallel configurations to form PV arrays with a desired current and voltage output.
A PV system that operates in parallel with the electric utility grid is referred to as utility
interactive or grid tied. In this configuration, an inverter converts the array's dc output into
alternating current (ac) and serves as a power conditioning unit to ensure high-quality electrical
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output. The ac signal from the inverter typically is connected to the utility grid in an electrical
service panel, and from there is routed to the electrical loads. If the PV system output exceeds
the total demand from the loads, the excess power flows into the utility grid, and the owner of the
PV system is credited by the utility company for the metered electricity fed into the grid.
Batteries or other types of energy storage systems can be used with grid-tied systems.
Systems with backup storage are more common in areas that are susceptible to extended power
outages. During utility outages, stored energy can be used to supply critical loads for a selected
period of time. However, most grid-tied PV systems do not have backup storage and if an outage
occurs, the inverter automatically shuts down and no PV-generated power is available.
Stand-alone PV systems are not connected to the grid and most require energy storage,
typically batteries. Their design requires an analysis of all electrical loads and a specification of
the number of days of storage required to provide needed electricity for periods lacking sunshine.
The range of dc power output from residential PV arrays is typically 1-10 kW. Systems
may be stand-alone or grid tied, and system size is often driven by incentive programs offered in
various states and by utility companies. The design and installation of small commercial PV
systems is very similar to that for residential systems, and they may be in the range of 10-100
kilowatts (kW) or higher. Large commercial PV systems range from greater than 100 kW to
several megawatts (MW).
The combination of lower PV costs and an increasing number of states with renewable
portfolio standards (RPSs) has led many utility companies to pursue utility-scale systems that
range from 1 MW to hundreds of megawatts (Figure 3.1). Also, it often takes less than a year to
obtain permits and build multimegawatt PV systems, generating great interest among utility
Solar Heating and Cooling
SHC systems convert sunlight into thermal energy for a variety of applications; most
commonly for heating water, heating and cooling buildings, and heating swimming pools. Flat-
plate collectors may be glazed and insulated for heating potable water in buildings, or unglazed
and not insulated for heating swimming pools. Evacuated tube or concentrating collectors can be
used for higher-temperature applications, including industrial process heat. Passive building
design is used to control the amount of solar thermal energy entering a space and storing it for
later use. Solar thermal energy can also be used to drive an absorption chiller to actively cool
Concentrating Solar Power
Large concentrating solar power systems are becoming increasingly attractive to utility
companies for large-scale electric power generation as costs decrease. There are a number of
CSP plants operating and under construction, totaling a few gigawatts. These systems receive
solar energy over a large area using either mirrors or concentrating collectors, and focus it onto a
target of much smaller area. Depending on the level of concentration, temperatures above
1,000oF can be attained in a working fluid. The thermal energy can produce steam to drive a
turbine generator, which then produces electric power. CSP systems can be paired with more
traditional turbine generators, possibly in conjunction with another fuel source. Figure 3.1 shows
the construction of concentrating collectors for a CSP system in Florida. These collectors are the
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building blocks for Florida Power and Light's 75-MW Martin Solar Plant CSP system that came
online in 2010.
FIGURE 3.1 (Left) Utility-scale PV system . (Right) Construction of concentrating sollectors for the
Martin Solar Plant (a concentrating solar power system). SOURCE: (Left)
http://solarpanelspower.net/solar-power/the-politics-of-solar-power. (Right) Sherwood (2011).
Solar Market Trends
Workforce trends follow market trends, so market trend information is a helpful indicator
of potential workforce trends. Solar markets have been and continue to be very strong, mainly
due to financial incentives from federal, state, and local governments, and electric utility
companies. These incentives have produced significant demand for solar products. In 2010, the
number of new solar installations completed was 124,000, including both solar electric and solar
thermal systems, representing an increase of 22 percent, from 2009. The solar energy capacity
installed in 2010 was 981 MW of dc electricity and 814 MW of thermal energy (Sherwood,
2011). As described below, the solar market has continued to grow since 2010 (Sherwood, 2012,
SEIA/GTM, 2012a).
Financial and other incentives that drive the solar market vary considerably among the
states. Therefore, the more robust solar markets are concentrated in relatively few states with the
greatest incentives. Nationally, the 30 percent federal business investment tax credit (ITC) has
been extended through December 31, 2016. This, along with recent legislation allowing utilities
to take advantage of it, should result in continued near-term growth in solar markets.
Figure 3.2 is a snapshot of solar market trends for solar PV, SHC, and solar pool heating
for the first decade of the 21st century. In terms of numbers of installations per year, note that the
most dramatic growth was for grid-tied PV, which was significantly higher than for off-grid.
Note also that the number of solar pool heating installations declined over the last half of the
decade, primarily due to the collapse of the housing market and the associated decline in new
home construction. For all four categories, the solar market grew from approximately 30,000 to
nearly130,000 installations per year over the decade (Sherwood, 2011).
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FIGURE 3.2 Number of U.S. installations per year by technology sector (2001-2010). SOURCE:
Sherwood (2011).
Grid-tied PV applications fall into three sectors: residential, nonresidential (i.e.,
commercial, government, and military installations), and utility-scale. Figure 3.3 shows the
breakdown of annual installed capacity for these sectors for 2002-2011.
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FIGURE 3.3 Annual installed capacity of U.S. grid-connected PV installations by sector (2002-2011).
SOURCE: Sherwood (2012). Used with permission from the Interstate Renewable Energy Council.
More than 64,000 grid-tied PV systems were installed in 2011 (a 30 percent increase
from 2010). From Figure 3.3, note that the capacity of grid-tied PV system installations more
than doubled in 2011 compared with 2010. Both the increase in the number of utility-scale
systems and the sizes of these systems accounted for this tremendous growth. The total installed
capacity in 2011 alone was 1.845 GWdc, which was more than 10 times the capacity installed 4
years earlier in 2007. The cumulative installed capacity of grid-tied PV by the end of 2011 was 4
GWdc (Sherwood, 2012).
The average size of grid-tied systems has been growing in all three PV sectors. Average
size varies from state to state and depends on available incentives, interconnection requirements,
net metering regulations, and other factors. In 2011, PV installations represented 7 percent of all
new electricity generation installed that year in the United States (Sherwood, 2012)
The growth trend in annual installed capacity was 848.5 MWdc in 2010, 1,886 MWdc in
2011, and 1,992.4 MWdc through the first three quarters of 2012. The cumulative PV capacity in
the United States at the end of the third quarter of 2012 was 5.9 GWdc. The solar industry is
projecting installations for 2012 to be 3.2 GWdc—a 70 percent annual growth rate for the year
(GTM/SEIA, 2012b).
Solar Heating and Cooling
Solar thermal systems can be used to heat and/or cool buildings, heat water for swimming
pools, and heat water for various industrial processes. Figure 3.2 shows the number of annual
installations for SHC and for solar pool heating. In 2010, the total annual installed capacity for
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SHC of buildings was nearly 160 MW-thermal. Solar water heating installations increased by 6
percent in 2010 compared with 2009, and 84 percent were in the residential sector. The annual
installed capacity for solar pool heating was around 650 MW-thermal in 2010, with about 90
percent in the residential sector. In 2010, the capacity of solar pool heating installations grew 13
percent compared with 2009, but it is still 30 percent less than the peak reached in 2006
(Sherwood, 2011).
Concentrating Solar Power
In CSP systems, the thermal energy in a working fluid can be used to generate bulk
electric power for utilities. From 1992 until 2006, there was very little CSP activity. However,
because of RPSs, other incentive programs, and technology improvements, there is renewed
interest among utilities in CSP systems. In 2010, only a 75-MW Florida Power and Light CSP
plant and a small plant in Colorado were installed (Sherwood, 2011). However, a number of new
and very large CSP power plants are in the planning or construction stages and are expected to
be completed between now and into 2017. These plants include seven in California and one each
in Arizona, Colorado, and Nevada, with a total ac power output of 2.737 GWac. (GTM/SEIA,
Cost and Price Trends
Of all of the solar technologies, the greatest actual and potential cost reductions have
been in PV systems. In 1976 the average cost of a PV module was approximately $60 per watt
(using 2005 U.S. dollars) (USPREF, 2012). By 1985, the average cost was approximately $6.50
per watt (Mints, 2008), and by 2010, PV module costs averaged $1.70 per watt (Mints, 2011). In
2012, some module costs had dropped to below $0.90 per watt! With the rapid development of
new materials and improved manufacturing, costs will continue to decline. The new SunShot
Initiative, led by DOE, has set a goal of reducing PV module costs to $0.50 per watt, and to
reduce installed PV system costs for utility-scale applications to $1 per watt by 2020 (Friedman,
2011). Figure 3.4 shows the price reduction goals for PV module, power electronics, balance-of-
system, and installed system costs to achieve the SunShot Initiative goal.
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FIGURE 3.4 Price reductions to achieve the SunShot Initiative goal of $1/watt PV system costs.
SOURCE: Friedman (2011).
Market Projections
Given current U.S. economic conditions and the dependence of the solar market on
government policies and incentive programs, it is difficult to project the size of solar markets in
the long term. In the committee's judgment, trends over the past 10 years indicate the following:
Solar pool heating capacity peaked in 2006. This market is partly driven by residential
construction (which is not expected to fully recover soon) and the cost of installations is
not expected to drop appreciably. Therefore, no significant near-term growth is
The solar heating and cooling system market should continue to grow at a moderate rate
as the price of conventional energy continues to rise. Federal, state, and utility incentive
programs can favorably influence these markets, but no technological breakthroughs
leading to significant cost reductions are anticipated.
Large CSP systems can help meet the requirements of RPSs for states that have them.
Because they work best in areas with a high percentage of direct sunlight, significant
growth in CSP is anticipated in the southwestern United States.
Of the solar technologies, PV technology offers the greatest opportunity for significant
growth in the near and long term. PV costs are decreasing rapidly, making PV more
attractive to all major user sectors. Also, since PV power production is well aligned with
peak utility demand, utilities are increasingly attracted to the technology. Grid parity is
expected to be reached within the current decade, whereby PV-generated electricity will
be cost-competitive with conventional generation. When that occurs, even higher rates of
growth in PV markets can be expected, with utility companies leading the way.
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The EIA has projected the solar thermal and solar PV net summer capacity and electrical
generation for the electric power sector, as well as the solar PV net summer capacity and
electrical generation for end-use generators through 2035. (see Table 3.1 ). Table 3.1 shows
expected strong growth in the solar energy sector (especially for solar PV) through 2035. Note
that the values for net summer capacity (GW) shown in the table should not be confused with the
rated capacity of installed solar PV at standard test conditions (see notes following the table).
TABLE 3.1 Solar energy generating capacity and generation (EIA Reference case).
Annual Growth
2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2010-2035 (%)
Electric Power Sector
Net summer
capacitya (GW)
Solar thermal 0.47 0.47 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 4.3
Solar PVb 0.15 0.38 2.02 2.03 2.30 2.97 8.18 13.0
Generation (billion
Solar 0.74 0.82 2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86 5.1
Solar PV2 0.16 0.46 3.61 3.62 4.37 6.16 20.19 16.4
End-Use Generatorsc
Net summer
capacitya (GW)
Solar PVb 1.22 2.05 8.98 11.19 11.69 12.41 13.33 7.8
Generation (billion
Solar PVb 1.93 3.21 13.88 17.4 18.22 19.4 20.91 7.8
Net summer capacity is the steady hourly output that generating equipment is expected to supply to system load
(exclusive of auxiliary power), as demonstrated by tests during summer peak demand.
Does not include off-grid PV. On the basis of annual PV shipments from 1989 through 2009, EIA estimates that as
much as 245 MW of remote electricity generation PV applications (i.e., off-grid power systems) were in service in
2009, plus an additional 558 MW in communications, transportation, and assorted other non-grid-connected,
specialized applications. The approach used to develop the estimate, based on shipment data, provides an upper
estimate of the size of the PV stock, including both grid-based and off-grid PV. It will overestimate the size of the
stock, because shipments include a substantial number of units that are exported, and each year some of the PV units
installed earlier will be retired from service or abandoned.
Includes combined heat and power plants and electricity-only plants in the commercial and industrial sectors; and
small on-site generating systems in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors used primarily for own-use
generation, but which may also sell some power to the grid.
SOURCE: EIA (2012a, Table A16, pp. 162-163).
Solar Industry Overview and Profile
Structure and Location of the Industry
The structure of the solar industry across its entire value chain consists of the following
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Fundamental and Applied Research. Fundamental or basic research is performed
primarily by scientists and engineers with advanced degrees, and resides mostly at
universities and research laboratories. Applied research is closer to product or process
development and may include industry researchers in addition to those mentioned
Product Development. This area is much more industry-based, involves concept
development, value propositions, component design, and process design for
manufacturing and production. It is typically represented by a variety of business
engineering and scientific professions. Most have either a baccalaureate or graduate
Manufacturing. This group is industry based and includes a more diverse workforce.
Much of the engineering involves process development, automation, lean
manufacturing, computer control, and robotics. Test, evaluation, and quality
assurance are important requirements for all manufacturing, and the associated
workforce consists of a variety of operators, technicians, and professionals with 2- or
4-year degrees.
System Design. Designers of large PV and CSP systems typically have a
baccalaureate or graduate degree in engineering and are responsible for selecting,
sizing, and integrating components and hardware into a solar system that meets both
functional and operational requirements, and complies with all applicable codes,
standards, and industry-accepted practices. Designers of residential and small
commercial PV and SHC systems may be required to have an engineering license in
some jurisdictions, but a 2- or 4-year technical degree may be sufficient in others.
Marketing, Sales, and Distribution. Most of the workers in this group would have a
4-year degree in a relevant field.
Construction and Installation. This is the largest group in the solar workforce and it
consists of practitioners from a wide variety of construction trades, including
electricians, plumbers, roofers, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning),
mechanics, carpenters, iron and steel workers, and glazers. Completion of a
construction trades apprenticeship or similar vocational program, including both
classroom instruction and on-the-job training, is the typical background requirement
for this group of workers.
Operation and Maintenance. This group consists primarily of workers with a
technical background and possessing skills in computers, controls, instrumentation,
measurements, diagnostics and troubleshooting, and service and repair. Workers
would normally have a 2- or 4-year technical degree.
The heaviest concentration of U.S. solar activity, establishments, and jobs is in
California, which currently employs approximately 25 percent of the solar workforce (TSF,
2011). The top 10 states in terms of the number of establishments are California, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, New York, Arizona, Texas, Florida, Colorado, Massachusetts, and Ohio.1 In terms
of installed PV capacity, the top 10 states are California, New Jersey, Arizona, New Mexico,
Colorado, Pennsylvania, New York, North Carolina, Texas, and Nevada.
The term "solar establishments" refers to the range of solar activities, including installation, manufacturing, sales
and distribution, project development, and other (i.e., utilities, financial, legal, etc.).
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Size and Employment
In the absence of BLS data, TSF's National Solar Jobs Census series is considered the
most comprehensive study on solar jobs. The Census 2012 identified 119,016 solar workers as of
September 2012 (TSF, 2012). Approximately 90 percent of workers who satisfied TSF's
definition of a solar worker (i.e., someone who uses at least 50 percent of their time for solar-
related activities) spent 100 percent of their time for solar work. Thus, although these are not
full-time equivalent (FTE) jobs, these are considered "direct" jobs and the 50-percent metric is a
reasonable proxy for measuring the solar workforce. The reason for this definition is that some
jobs—for example, that of an electrician working for an electrical contractor—may involve both
solar and nonsolar activities. If the solar activities over the year constitute 50 percent or more of
the electrician's time, then the job is counted as one solar job. Therefore, the number of FTE
solar jobs is somewhat less than 119,000.
Despite the weak economy, the number of solar jobs grew approximately 13.2 percent
between August 2011 and September 2012, which is about six times the employment growth rate
for the nation as a whole. Table 3.3 shows the changes for various job categories.
TABLE 3.2 Solar Job Categories, Numbers of Jobs, Growth Rates, and Projections for 2010-2013
2011 2011-2012 2013 Expected
Jobs Growth Projected Growth
Subsector 2010 Jobs (Revised) 2012 Jobs Rate (%) Employment Rate (%)
Installation 43,934 48,656 57,177 17.5 68,931 21
Manufacturing 24,916 37,941 29,742 21.6 32,313 9
Sales and 11,744 13,000 16,005 23.1 19,549 22
Project 7,988 — 9,098 14
Other 12,908 5,548 8,105 46.1 9,551 18
Total 93,502 105,145 119,016 13.2 139,442 17
SOURCE: Adapted from TSF (2012).
There are a number of challenges to the growth of solar markets. They include a lack of
economic growth; dependence on federal, state, and utility incentives in a depressed economy;
limited consumer knowledge of solar products, applications, and their benefits; difficulty in
obtaining financing for solar projects; and a shortage of an adequately trained workforce.
Public Policy and Regulation Issues
Solar industry growth over the last decade was in large part due to government and utility
policies, related incentive programs, and regulatory changes that occurred. Some of the more
important of these are RPSs, solar-specific set-asides, solar renewable energy credits and credit
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FIGURE 3.18 Number of projects using CO2-EOR: worldwide, United States and the Permian Basin,
West Texas. SOURCE: Melzer (2012, p. 4).
FIGURE 3.19 Location and sequestration formation type for small-scale pilot injection tests
supported by the U.S. DOE Regional Sequestration Partnerships. SOURCE: DOE (2010a, p. 9).
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TABLE 3.20 Global Carbon Capture and Storage Projects in 2012
Name Location Capture Type Volume of CO2 Storage Date of
(MTPA) Type Operation
Shute Creek Gas United States Precombustion (gas EOR 1986
Processing Facility processing)
Sleipner CO2 Norway Precombustion (gas Deep 1996
Injection processing) 1 saline
Val Verde Natural United States Precombustion (gas EOR 1972
Gas Plants processing) 1.3
Great Plains United Precombustion EOR 2000
Synfuels Plant and States/Canada (synfuels) with
Weyburn-Midale 3 MMV
Enid Fertilizer United States Precombustion EOR 1982
Plant (fertilizer) 0.7
In Salah CO2 Algeria Precombustion (gas Deep 2004
Storage processing) 1 saline
Snøhvit CO2 Norway Precombustion (gas Deep 2008
Injection processing) 0.7 saline
Century Plant United States Precombustion (gas 5 (and 3.5 from EOR 2010
processing) construction)
NOTE: Four of these projects are located in the United States. All of the CCS projects are associated with gas
processing or precombustion separation of CO2, namely synfuel or fertilizer production. EOR = enhanced oil
recovery; MMV = monitoring, mitigation, and verification; MTPA = million tons per annum.
SOURCE: Modified from GCCSI (2011, Table 1, p.11). Used with permission from the Global CCS
Eight development-scale projects are pumping from 0.7 to 5 million tonnes underground
annually. In addition, the United States is the world leader in CO2-EOR, with more than 70
projects using more than 50 Mt per year of CO2, although most of this is from natural
underground reservoirs. An extensive network of pipelines between CO2 sources and sinks exists
Regulations motivated primarily for protecting drinking water resources have been
developed for siting, monitoring, and closing geological storage projects (EPA, 2011). For
projects that are purely for sequestration, one unresolved issue is how to deal with postclosure
liability in the event that leakage occurs. Several legislative attempts to address this issue have
been undertaken. Large-scale deployment of CCUS is unlikely until this issue is resolved. Again,
CO2-EOR remains the exception as project developers routinely hold liability for these projects.
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Sequestration Technology Description
For this study, the focus is only on the utilization and sequestration components of CCUS
technology, as the remainder of the workforce is not engaged in the geosciences.
Carbon dioxide can be sequestered in oil and gas reservoirs, coal beds, or salt-water
saltwater-filled sedimentary rocks (see Figure. 3.20). Both sandstone and carbonate formations
are suitable. In the future, it is also possible that other rock types, including basalt, could be used
to sequester CO2. Suitable formations are typically greater than 1 km deep and most importantly,
are overlain by thick, low-permeability seals composed of shale, anhydrite, or low-permeability
dolomite (IPCC, 2005). Selecting a suitable sequestration site requires extensive geological
characterization and model development, typically by teams of sedimentary geologists,
geophysicists, and modelers.
FIGURE 3.20 Current options for sequestering CO2 in subsurface geological formations. SOURCE:
Reprinted with permission from CO2CRC.
The technology for pumping CO2 underground is well developed, based on over four
decades of experience in the CO2-EOR industry. Well drilling and completion technology,
pumps, and surface equipment are all available. Rigs and rig crews used for oil and gas
exploration and production are appropriate for drilling injection and monitoring wells for
geological storage projects. The requirements for cementing injection wells for geological
sequestration differ from a typical oil and gas well and special provisions must be made to meet
the regulatory requirements to fully cement the well throughout its entire length.
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CO2-EOR, the largest utilization option, involves injecting supercritical CO2 into an oil
field. When mixed with oil, CO2 lowers the viscosity and reduces the density of the oil, leading
to improved recovery. For certain types of oil, at elevated pressures and temperatures, oil and
water can become miscible, meaning they become a single fluid. Under these conditions, oil
recovery can be improved dramatically. As shown in Figure 3.21, the bank of mobile oil is swept
to the extraction well, sometimes involving the injection of water to further increase recovery
through the so-called WAG (water-alternating-gas) process. Successful CO2-EOR operations
require sophisticated reservoir engineering calculations, advanced geological modeling, and well
completion technologies.
FIGURE 3.21 Schematic showing the processes of CO2-enhanced oil recovery. SOURCE: ARI/Melzer
(2010, Fig. 1, p. 3).
However, unlike oil and gas production, where monitoring tends to focus on injection and
extraction rates and wellhead pressures, CO2 sequestration requires tracking the location of the
CO2 plume, ensuring that it is not leaking back to the surface, and quantifying the amount of CO2
sequestered. Monitoring techniques include seismic imaging, wellhead and formation pressure
testing, well logging, groundwater monitoring, as well as a number of techniques for directly
detecting and measuring leakage into the atmosphere (Benson, 2007). Seismic imaging and
pressure monitoring are well-developed tools, but application for the purposes of a sequestration
project requires specialized interpretation to comply with regulatory requirements.
Numerical simulations are routinely used to predict the performance of sequestration sites
and CO2-EOR projects, determine how many wells are needed for injection, assess the
magnitude of the pressure buildup and determine how far it extends from the injection well, and
maximize trapping of CO2 in the sequestration formation. These are sophisticated mathematical
tools that require specialized education, training, and experience to use them competently. Again,
experience from the oil and gas industry is transferable, but numerical simulation for geological
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sequestration requires greater emphasis on thermodynamics, geochemical interactions, and
geomechanical phenomena than is typically required in the oil and gas industry.
Protection of drinking water is the primary driver for existing CCUS regulations.
Although geological sequestration formations will be much deeper than drinking water
resources, protecting them will require developing a complete model of the geology,
hydrogeology, geochemistry, and geomechanics, from the depth of the sequestration formation to
the surface. Traditionally, subsurface scientists have focused on either shallow systems (e.g.,
vadose zone, drinking water aquifers), hydrocarbon resources (oil, gas, coal), or mineral
resources. Successful sequestration will facilitate the development of a more holistic view of
earth resources, which requires knowledge of a number of potentially interacting resources
The DOE has created seven CCS training centers to address workforce issues. The
training centers (in Texas, Wyoming, Illinois, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Washington, and
Georgia) provide sequestration-specific coursework for training and retraining workers for this
industry. Training center activities include developing self-sustaining technology development
programs, providing short- courses on CCS technologies, developing networks for outreach and
community engagement, and coordinating regional training efforts.
Regional Distribution of Prospective CCUS Sites
Although it is difficult to forecast where and how quickly the CCUS industry will
develop, prospective locations for CCUS can be determined by identifying regions where CO2
sources and geological formations suitable for sequestration are colocated. Particularly
promising areas for large-scale implementation of CCUS include the Gulf Coast states, portions
of the Midwest, the Great Plains, and oil and gas fields throughout the United States (see Figure
FIGURE 3.22. Location of existing sources of CO2 and prospective sites for CO2-EOR and geological
sequestration. NOTE: Dots show the location of existing CO2 emissions from large stationary sources and
the shading shows the locations of favorable geological formations. SOURCE: DOE (2010b, p. 13).
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CCUS Occupational Work Categories and Workforce Estimates
The CCUS occupational work categories can be divided into groups corresponding to the
stages of a project, including: site screening, selection, and characterization; site design and
approval; construction; operations; postinjection monitoring; and site closure (as illustrated in
Figure 3.23). Specific workforce needs during each project stage are given in Table 3.21.
A rough estimate of the size of the workforce is in the range of 70-180 workers per
million tonnes of CO2 injected.1 Consequently, if large-scale implementation of CO2-EOR is
realized, and the amount of CCUS quadruples from today's 50 Mt/yr to 200 Mt/yr by 2030, a
workforce of 14,000 to 36,000 workers would be needed. This would correspond to about 3-8
percent of today's oil and gas workforce of about 434,600.2 More accelerated estimates for the
rate of increase suggest that the industry could scale up by a factor of 10 between now and 2030
(Kuuskraa et al., 2011). In this case, a workforce the size of anywhere from 35,000 to 90,000
(about 8 to 20 percent of the existing oil and gas workforce) would be needed. Another approach
to estimating the 2030 workforce is based on the fraction of CO2-EOR today. Assuming that the
number of workers needed is proportional to the fraction of the oil produced using CO2-EOR (6
percent of the workforce of 434,600), then, if we quadruple the amount of CO2-EOR, a
workforce of about 100,000 workers, or 23 percent, would be needed.
The size of the needed workforce relative to the size of the existing industry suggests
that, although not insignificant, for the foreseeable future, the CCUS geosciences workforce will
represent a modest fraction of the overall oil and gas workforce. These estimates are highly
speculative and uncertain. However, the general conclusion that the CCUS workforce in 2030
will be a small fraction of today's existing oil and gas workforce is a reasonable assumption. On
the other hand, if a U.S. climate policy restricting CO2 emissions is enacted, workforce
requirements could be greater than those described here.
Employment statistics for a prospective CCUS industry are not available. These estimates are determined on the
basis of a cost of $10 to $25 per tonne of CO2 injected (Bajura, 2009). Additionally, it is assumed that 50 percent of
this is labor cost and that the average salary in the industry is $70,000 per year.
2010 employment for NAICS codes 211, 213111, and 213112. See Table 2.1 in Chapter 2.
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FIGURE 3.23 Stages of a CCUS project. The line is a conceptual representation of the cumulative level
of effort for the work at each phase of the project. SOURCE: Courtesy of John Tombari, Schlumberger.
TABLE 3.21 Specific Workforce Needs During Each Stage of a CCUS Project
CCUS Project Stage Workforce Needs
Site screening Geologists; geophysicists; drillers; field crews for data acquisition; health,
safety, and environmental professionals; project managers
Site selection and Geologists and petrophysicists; geomechanics; reservoir engineers/petroleum
characterization engineers; geochemists and chemical engineers; geophysicists and
seismologists; hydrogeologists; geochemists; drillers and drill crews; field
crews for data acquisition; economists; health, safety, and environmental
professionals; project managers
Site design and Well completion engineers; drilling engineers; reservoir engineers/petroleum
approval engineers; geochemists and chemical engineers; geologists and petrophysicists;
hydrogeologists; production/injection engineers; geophysicists and
seismologists; health, safety, and environmental professionals; economists;
project managers
Construction Project managers; well drillers and rig crews; geologists and petrophysicists;
pipeline construction crews; health, safety, and environmental professionals;
well completion engineers; drilling engineers; reservoir engineers/petroleum
Operations Well-field operators and maintenance; reservoir/petroleum engineers;
geochemists and chemical engineers; geophysicists; hydrogeologists; health,
safety, and environmental professionals; project managers
Postinjection Geophysicists; hydrogeologists; geochemists; reservoir/petroleum engineers;
monitoring health, safety, and environmental professionals; project managers
Site closure Completion engineers; workover crews; geophysicists; health, safety, and
environmental professionals; project managers
SOURCE: Sally Benson.
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Workforce Issues: A Good News and Bad News Story
The good news is that the geological sequestration workforce straddles two well-
developed industry workforces—the environmental consulting industry3 and the oil and gas
industry. Consequently, with some retraining as discussed above, there is a well-developed and
highly competent workforce able to jump-start this industry. Therefore, for the foreseeable
future, unless the United States enacts a strong climate change policy, there is likely to be a
sufficiently large workforce with the right skills, provided it can have the specialized training to
augment their knowledge specific to sequestration.
The bad news is that over the long term, however, unless we can sustain a reversal in the
decades-long decline in student recruitment into the geosciences, the lack of a strong geosciences
workforce could limit implementation of CCS. Deployed at a scale where about 20 percent of
U.S. CO2 emissions reductions are provided by CCS, the scale of the CCS industry is expected to
be about the same size as today's natural gas industry. Providing a workforce that can meet these
needs, on top of an already stressed workforce for the oil and gas industry will be a formidable
challenge unless more students enter the geosciences workforce.
One positive trend seen in universities across the United States is that students who
normally would not be interested in working in the oil and gas industry are choosing to do their
graduate studies in CCS. Motivated by contributing to solving the global warming problem, they
enter a scientific discipline heretofore populated primarily by petroleum engineers. However,
unless we are able to provide employment opportunities in this field, we will discourage those
who have chosen this path. A clear and firm commitment of the government to solving these
problems is crucial for having a workforce prepared to deal with these global challenges.
Concrete actions that are under way to address workforce issues in the short term include:
More than a dozen universities are now providing sequestration classes as part of the
upper division and graduate school curriculum;
Universities are now matriculating dozens of M.S. and Ph.D. students whose research
focuses on geological sequestration of CO2;
Major geosciences societies (e.g., Society of Petroleum Engineers, American
Geophysical Union, American Chemical Society, American Association of Petroleum
Geologists) have workshops or technical sessions at major international meetings
focused on geological sequestration of CO2;
Joint-industry projects (JIPs) are sponsoring research and development, which
provides training and retraining opportunities for reservoir engineers and
Several CCS training programs (Research Experience in Carbon Sequestration4
[RECS], International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme,5 Australia) have
been established to augment traditional graduate student geosciences curricula; and
DOE has established CCS Regional Training Centers.
The environmental consulting industry provides engineering, scientific, construction, and operations services to
private-sector and industrial clients related to addressing issues of air pollution assessment and control, groundwater
remediation, site restoration, mitigation of ecosystem impacts, and environmental impact assessments of new
projects or for due diligence during acquisitions and mergers.
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3.33 Carbon capture and sequestration is unlikely to become a significant industry absent
government policies, incentives, and regulations for large reductions in CO2
3.34 The production of oil and projects using CO2-EOR can be expected to continue to
3.35 Employment statistics for a prospective CCUS industry are not available. However,
speculative estimates indicate that, if large-scale implementation of CO2-EOR is
realized and the amount of CCUS quadruples from today's levels by 2030, a
workforce of 14,000 to 36,000 would be needed. More accelerated estimates suggest
that 35,000 to 90,000 workers, or even 100,000 workers might be needed. A
reasonable assumption is that the CCUS workforce in 2030 will be a small fraction of
today's oil and gas workforce.
3.36 The geological sequestration workforce straddles the environmental consulting
industry and the oil and gas industry. With some retraining, there is a workforce that
can jump-start this industry. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, unless the United
States enacts a strong climate change policy, there is likely to be a sufficient
workforce with the right skills, provided it can have the specialized training specific
to sequestration.
3.37 Unless student recruitment into the geosciences can be sustained, the lack of a strong
geosciences workforce could limit CCUS implementation.
3.38 It is very important to sustain support for graduate school research in CCUS.
The following recommendations should be initiated as quickly as possible and some will
take longer than others to become fully operational. The recommendations are ordered and
labeled in terms of when they would be expected to be operational. All of the recommended
actions are expected to continue for the long term.
3.11 The committee recommends that DOE, industry, institutions of higher education, and
other involved organizations consider continuing support for DOE-initiated training
programs for CCUS. (Short Term)
3.12. Industry, government, industrial and professional organizations, and educators should
consider ways to encourage students to enter the geosciences, which provide a
breadth of opportunities to not only provide the energy we need from fossil fuels, but
to reduce their emissions through CCUS. (Medium Term)
3.13. The committee recommends that industry, government, industrial and professional
organizations, and educational institutions consider providing research and
educational support for the next generation of "earth resources engineers" who have a
more holistic and integrated understanding of the interactions between the
anthrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and near-surface and deep geological systems—
and who are prepared to develop and manage the next generation of energy and
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mineral resources to support human well-being, while restoring and protecting the
natural environment. (Medium Term)
In addition to these recommendations, the Shared Recommendations (below) also apply
for CCUS.
Shared Recommendations for Chapter 2 and Chapter 3
As described in Chapter 2, the following Shared Recommendations 1-5 apply across the
mature industries in that chapter, and they address a range of actions that are complementary.
They also apply across the emerging industries in this chapter. Other industry-specific
recommendations that are important for each of the emerging industries can be found in their
respective sections of this chapter.
Shared Recommendations 1-5 should be initiated as soon as possible, and they are
ordered and labeled in terms of when they would be expected to become fully operational. All
are expected to continue for the long term. Short term is defined as 2 years or less, medium term
as 2-5 years, and long term as more than 5 years.
Shared Recommendation 1: To address the growing demand for trained workers,
industry, potentially with government support, should take an active part in
developing the workforce of the future by working closely with educational
institutions at all levels. Active involvement could include, but would not be
limited to, developing a curriculum that trains individuals to be "job ready"
upon completion of their certification or degree. This effort would benefit from
being a national initiative and having a local/community focus. In pursuing this
initiative, it would be important to consider, encourage, and emulate existing
educational success stories, such as the programs supported by the National
Science Foundation at community colleges, and the Truckee Meadows
Community College program. The other educational success stories noted in
Chapter 2 that are focusing on minority outreach also would be instructive for
this broader initiative. (Short Term)
Shared Recommendation 2: To ensure that there are enough faculty now and in the
pipeline, who are qualified to work and teach at the cutting edge of technology,
the committee recommends that the government and industry consider entering
into partnership to provide joint support for research programs at U.S.
universities, with the goal of attracting and better preparing students and
faculty, promoting innovation, and helping to ensure the relevance of university
programs. (Short Term)
Shared Recommendation 3: The committee recommends that the industrial parties
who are working with educational institutions on workforce education and
training, along with the Department of Education, urge educators to encourage
students to seek STEM disciplines, and to consider realigning education in the
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K-12 curriculum to emphasize STEM education, with existing and future
educators being better trained in STEM disciplines. (Short Term)
Shared Recommendation 4: To provide a needed enhancement of the workforce,
the committee recommends that industry and educators pursue efforts to attract
nontraditional workers (who predominantly are minorities and women) into the
energy and mining fields. This initiative would benefit from being a broad,
national initiative and having a local/community focus. In pursuing this
initiative, it would be important to consider, encourage, and emulate existing
educational success stories, such as those with a focus on minority outreach
(noted in Chapter 2). (Medium Term)
Shared Recommendation 5: Industry and educators should also pursue efforts to
attract more of the traditional workforce into the energy and mining fields. This
initiative also would benefit from being a national initiative and having a
local/community focus. Educational success stories, such as those highlighted in
this report, could also offer insights for this initiative. (Medium Term)
Additional Shared Recommendation for Chapter 3
In addition, to Shared Recommendations 1-5 (above), the following Shared
Recommendation 6 also applies across the emerging industries in this chapter. Shared
Recommendation 6 also should be initiated as soon as possible. It is expected to become fully
operational in the long term and to continue for the longer term.
Shared Recommendation 6: The Bureau of Labor Statistics should consider
partnering with the renewable industries to effectively develop more granular
and up-to-date data on their occupations. (Long Term)
Prepublication Version


text:
job fair
'Hiring Our Heroes' Job Fair For Veterans and Military Spouses in Fort Collins
More Homes Destroyed In Casper Mountain Fire [AUDIO]
Fire officials are saying more homes have been destroyed in the Sheep Herder Hill fire on Casper Mountain than originally believed. A job fair presented by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the Society for Exploration Geophysicists is approaching. Amy Richards has details. Click past jump to listen to Wyoming Radio News.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I've got some memory issues of my own, but thanks. Though, my memory loss isn't really permanent, is it?
Well, I guess I could ask this Daniel guy. Forgetting about what happened with Mary could be the only way I'll be able to get over it..
"askanamnesiac"…wow, he must really know his stuff. Alright, here goes..
nola-ola-oxen-free submitted:
a GAIN with the wife, you have GOT to be SHITTONG me
((What I'm trying to say is that I'll be distracted with Downpour for a while. No worries, more answers will be coming soon!))


text:
Unnamed parties file lawsuit in secret probe
2 unnamed parties ask Wis. Supreme Court to hear lawsuit over secret probe
Two unnamed parties are suing the judge and prosecutor overseeing a secret investigation that's reportedly looking into fundraising efforts by Gov. Scott Walker's campaign and other conservative groups.
Attorneys asked the Wisconsin Supreme Court to take the lawsuit as an original action, which means it would start there and skip lower courts.
The sealed filing was made Feb. 7. On Feb. 10 Wisconsin Club for Growth and its director filed a federal lawsuit seeking an end to the secret John Doe investigation. In November three unnamed petitioners filed lawsuits in the state Court of Appeals seeking to end the investigation, but that was rejected.
Online court records show five separate lawsuits were filed in the Supreme Court but they are all housed in one case file.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Beautifully Furnished 2 Bdr Suite in the Heart of Yaletown, Downtown Vancouver
You sent a message to this owner.
- Minimum stay:Contact owner
- Internet:Yes
- Pets considered:No
- Wheel chair accessible:Yes
Yaletown condo description
This suite is definitely a luxury rental. All the furnishings are high end and designer selected. Originally designed and furnished for my personal living, but my work circumstances changed. EXTREMELY CLEAN!! AND you have most staples for the first few weeks included. Sugar/salt/spices/ketchup/toilet paper,paper towels, laundry detergents, shampoo, soap, cleaning supplies, great pots,pans, and kitchen supplies in general.
You are leasing a suite that can certainly please even the most discriminating renter.
This is a high security building with key/fob controlled access to front doors, parking garage, gym, and recreation center. This property also has a 24 hour Concierge to assist in your needs
Best area in Vancouver. Close to EVERYTHING! Bike rentals, coffee houses, Zagat rated restaurants, banks. No need to wear a jacket to get to the grocery store. Gourmet grocery store accessible from the buildings garage or just a 1 minute walk outside. Really...too much to mention but see the link to website for additional pics.
* Perhaps the only rental suite that is both ON the sea-wall AND out your front door is a really a neighborhood due to the 'non thru' road. Starbucks,bike rental, best grocery store in all vancouver and 2 Japanese, 1 great italian style deli (makes their own bread daily) and HSBC make up this very quaint and friendly neighborhood.
HONESTLY- Suite shows like new-
Keywords: Condominium
Property Type
- Condo
Accommodation Type
- Vacation Rental
- Guests Provide Their Own Meals
- Pets Not Allowed:
- Non Smoking Only:
- Alternative Lifestyle
- Wheelchair Accessible
- Not Suitable For Children
- Clothing Optional/Nude Sunbathing Nearby
Bedrooms: 2 Bedrooms, Sleeps 4, Beds for 2-4
- Bedroom 1
- Bedroom 2
- King size beds (1) Top of the line Serta mattress. 3 year old. VERY soft and incredibly comfortable., Sleep Sofa or Futons (1) BD 2 is currently used as an office. The sofa bed is new and from American Leather. They have a patented sleeper system that makes this sofa bed seem like a real, very comfortable mattress. No back pains from this one!...moreless
Kitchen & Dining
Amazing true 'cook's kitchen' Granite, open and airy with custom cabinets, pullout shelves, and every possible accessory. Cuisinart pots/pans, handmade Celedon dishes, hand forget cutlery, etc etc...moreless
Cooking Utensils:
Caphalon pots/pans, every little kitchen accessory you could ever need. Fantastic handmade dishes and flatware from Thailand. EVERYTHING is top notch in the kitchen....moreless
- Refrigerator:
- Dishwasher:
Your own assigned parking space close, 2nd space from the elevator. 2 automatic security gates ensure your vehicle is protected....moreless
Linens Provided:
Several sets for both King and Queen bed. 300 thread count, cotton sheets....moreless
Air Conditioning:
2 portable A/C's. One in Den/BR 2 and one in master bedroom...moreless
- Washing Machine:
- Gas Fireplace
- Clothes Dryer
Satellite / Cable:
42' new plasma in master bedroom. Hi Definition box + movie channels. DVD with surround sound. Personal DVR(for recording) bedroom 2 has cable with 32' Sony TV. LR has new 46' samsung LCD w/ Surround Sound...moreless
Music Library:
All 3 sound systems include a jack to connect your own I-Pod...moreless
- CD Player
- Stereo
- Pool Table
- Telephone
- Wireless Internet
Outdoor Features
Location & View
- Wind-Surfing
- Racquetball
- Snowmobiling
- Fishing
- Parasailing
- Jet Skiing
- Snowboarding
- Whitewater Rafting
- Skiing
- Basketball Court
- Sailing
- Mountain Biking
- Cycling
- Snorkeling/Diving
- Kayaking
- Cross Country Skiing
- Tennis
- Hiking
- Golf
- Rock Climbing
- Swimming
- Water Skiing
- Bird Watching
- Live Theater
- Eco Tourism
- Whale Watching
- Walking
- Restaurants
- Museums
- Theme Parks
- Health/Beauty Spa
- Zoo
- Cinemas
- Fitness Center
- Wildlife Viewing
- Deepsea Fishing
- Sound/Bay Fishing
- Mountaineering
- Antiquing
- Sledding
- Boating
- Miniature Golf
- Sight Seeing
- Shopping
Write a review-
Heaven in Vancouver
Heaven in Vancouver
- Guest Nikki (Palm Beach Gardens, Fl.)
- Date of stay 08/31/12
- Review Submitted 11/08/12
We stayed in Randy's apartment in Vancouver in September and had the perfect vacation. We selected the apartment from previous renter's review and found it to be all exactly as described and then some. The location was ideal. Being from Florida we took advantage of being right on the seawall and walked about 6 miles a day. The weather was flawless. No rain for 30 days. We loved having the grocery store right downstairs in the building. We shopped daily and using the kitchen was a pleasure. It had everything you could need. We also enjoyed having the pool availabe to us and we used it every other day. The pool is well maintained and we found it was empty most of the time. Upon arrival we were immediately impressed with the apartment. It is designed and furnished so well. Everything was clean, crisp and immaculate. There was nothing that we needed that wasn't furnished. The view was exactly as photograhed. We used the balcony every morning to have our coffees. Randy thanks for the tomatoes that you left us growing on the patio. They were delicious! Randy made our experience from the first contact to the return of the deposit very easy. Loved working with him. We have rented many homes and condos over the years and this one is right on top of the list. Last but not least having the mountains within a short ride of the condo was the best. We could be in the mountains hiking in the morning and dining in the condo in the evening. I still miss the views. It was a great vacation. So much to do and the time just flew by. We hope to return again and continue where we left off......Recommended for: Families with young children, age 55+, families with teenagers, tourists without a car, girls getaway, adventure seekers, sightseeing, romantic getaway.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 0/0
An incredible property in wonderful Vancouver!!
An incredible property in wonderful Vancouver!!
- Guest Lori W. (CA)
- Date of stay 07/18/11
- Review Submitted 04/05/12
I have had the pleasure of staying at this condo on two separate occasions for several months each trip. The condo is magnificent and close to everything!! The furnishings are beautiful and the owner includes everything from bedding to full kitchen provisions. I love the location of this unit and hope that my company continues to do business in Vancouver so I can lease this unit again in the near future. Email me with questions, I promise you will not be disappointed!Recommended for: Families with young children, age 55+, families with teenagers, tourists without a car, girls getaway, adventure seekers, sightseeing, romantic getaway.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 1/1
- Guest Joel (Aspen, Colorado)
- Date of stay 12/01/10
- Review Submitted 12/20/10
My wife and I stayed in this beautiful well apointed condo for a month this year. It is so well apointed from the welcome mat to the salt shakers. It has an incredible audio video system with tasteful new furniture and is located directly in the center of the best area in Vancouver. We rented a car for the month but barely used it. Everything from shopping, business centers, and dining is located within steps from this building. The owner is very attentive and available for questions. We stayed the month of September and are booked to return December. We both reccomend this home.Recommended for: Age 55+, tourists without a car, girls getaway, sightseeing, romantic getaway.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 1/1
Totally representative of the property we experienced.
Totally representative of the property we experienced.
- Guest Trish (Santa Fe, NM USA)
- Date of stay 03/23/10
- Review Submitted 06/22/10
Loved the security of the building, the fitness center, and location. Anyone wishing an urban experience/environment, this location & unit provides the ultimate. The unit was well-maintained and offers all the amenities one needs. I required the internet for business and it performed 100%.Recommended for: Age 55+, people with disabilities, tourists without a car, girls getaway, adventure seekers, sightseeing, romantic getaway.
Owner response: I called my tenant 2 times in the month she was my guest. Her comments back to me were "absolutely stunning" and "the nicest rental we've ever stayed at". I have no idea why she only gave me 4 out of 5 possible stars...
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 1/1
Great place to stay! Thank you!
Great place to stay! Thank you!
- Guest Bev V (Salt Lake City, UT)
- Date of stay 02/04/10
- Review Submitted 04/10/10
My husband and I stayed here for the entire month of February during the Olympics. The apartment was fantastic and exactly as described. It is tastefully decorated and very well kept and clean. The location couldn't be better! The complex is right on the seawall which made it easy to enjoy a walk, run or bike along the water. A water taxi station is right across the street that can take you to Granville island as well as other stops along False Creek. The new Yaletown station for the SkyTrain is only a block and a half away. As we spent the month in Vancouver, we now know that Yaletown is best area of the city and we feel so lucky to have picked this location to stay. There are many restaurants and it has a great "city" neighborhood feel. We love to cook too, so the proximity to Urban Fare was fantastic--- so great to be able to shop for lunch/dinner whenever you wanted--- just by going downstairs. The kitchen is incredibly well stocked for an apartment in the city--making it easy to prepare pretty much whatever you want to. Randy, the owner, was super pleasant to work with. He was very responsive to answering questions and once we were there, ensuring that our time we stayed at his apartment was comfortable. Staying at this apartment really helped make our Olympic experience- and our time in Vancouver- exceptional. We can't wait to go back again!Recommended for: Tourists without a car, sightseeing, romantic getaway.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 1/1
- Guest John & Regina (NC)
- Date of stay 10/09/09
- Review Submitted 10/09/09
The title is exactly right – this is "Simply the Best Condo in the Trendiest Part of Vancouver!" We have never visited Vancouver before, and after staying here and touring the town and area, we know how lucky we were to pick this apartment. It has all the amenities to make our stay as comfortable and enjoyable as possible.The apartment is in a great location, on the Seawall in Yaletown, and convenient to transportation including the Aquabus which is practically right at the front door. We used the Aquabus several times to go to the great public market and to tour False Creek. From the next street, accessible underground via a Wegman's style market, we boarded the trolley to tour Vancouver. And other times we walked – if you like to walk, it's a comfortable walk to Gastown, Chinatown, and downtown. The apartment has amazing views from the floor-to-ceiling windows and balcony; views of the marina, False Creek, and Yaletown's towering condos. The unit is very clean, it's exquisitely decorated, the linens are of good quality, and the kitchen is supplied with everything we would want in our own kitchen – all top-notch. Two bathrooms are an added plus. We feel like home.The building is well maintained and very secure. Plus, having an assigned parking space in the building close to the elevator is a wonderful feature.All-in-all, it was a great, positive experience.Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 1/1
- Guest Anonymous
- Date of stay 09/22/08
- Review Submitted 09/22/08
Our trip would not have been as wonderful without this apartment. It was beautiful and perfectly situated within Vancouver. It is the true epitome of urban living. We felt very lucky to have this "home away from home" for our 2 month stay. The location is a real plus. It has great views from all the windows and the balcony. For food lovers, the proximity to Urban Fare, the Granville market, marineside restaurants, and the restaurants and shops in Yaletown is perfect.The kitchen was well eguipped with top end cookware. The furnishings, artwork, stereos, TVs, linens were first class. We have previously rentd apartments in Montreal, Paris, Provence, Italy, Guatamala,etc. This was our favorite----we will return!Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 2/2
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- Primary: (323) 697-0005 (California, USA)
- Secondary: + 860 x 6148507
Links to more information:
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NEW Italian leather sofa,46" flatscreen TV, fireplace, Carerra marble table
TV with Soundbar, DVD player, Walnut+Ebonized wood + glass tile custom built-in.
NEW ultra cool DR table
Large walk-in closet in Master BR
NEW outside patio furniture
Marina outside my building
Indoor pool and Spa, sauna, and steam room; access thru the gym
Looking straight down from balcony-This year we have 16 duck chicks
Kitchen- includes dishwasher, oven, cook top, fridge, microwave, all new appl
Master w/ King bed+100%Italian cotton linens, leather covered bed and dresser
Bathroom with extra large soaking tub + shower, granite counter top.
Just 1 of the amazing sunsets from my balcony
Urban Fair Market-60 second walk or accessible thru garage level 1
In bldg full gym for your use
There have been visitors to this page since the counter was last reset in .
This listing was first published here in 2007.
Date last modified - Saturday, February 01, 2014
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Experiential Learning Course (Winter through Spring) Syllabus - Click here to download This is an Interdisciplinary Experiential Learning Course on Rwanda, based in the Department of French Studies in Rwanda, which intends to give opportunities to UWO students who would like to learn more about the society and about themselves by serving in an international social and cultural setting. The readings for the course will deal with issues related to the history and culture of Rwanda, and will offer an in-depth look at a number of contemporary social issues. Guest lecturers will be invited to speak to the class. A stay in Rwanda of four to six weeks will be required for the completion of the course. Students will also work with agencies that offer community services in London in order to gain local experiential and service learning before going to Rwanda. ObjectivesFrench 3140B
Rwanda: Culture, Society and Reconstruction
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Welcome to Rocky Hill Yoga & More!
Thanks for visiting the site! Rocky Hill Yoga & More LLC is owned and operated by Lynn MacDonald. Lynn is a Registered Yoga Teacher through Yoga Alliance, an ACE Certified Personal Trainer and a Certified Therapeutic Yoga Instructor.
This company is run by heart and passion only. The goal, to connect to people from all walks of life and help them reach their fitness, health and wellness intentions!
Lynn created a company that truly cares about people which is transparent in her classes and dealing with her clients. She delivers quality, safe and effective classes and is known for offering new, refresh classes with a variety of exercises and options for everyBODY! Rocky Hill Yoga & More is a small friendly business where everyone knows your name!
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NORTH SMITHFIELD -- The Providence Bruins released seven players from their training camp this morning.
All seven are headed to the South Carolina Stringrays, Boston's affiliate in the ECHL, according to coach Butch Cassidy.
Let go were goalie Shawn Hunwick, defensemen Art Bidlevski, Damon Kipp and Ryan Lowery, and forwards Matt Pistilli, Alden Hirshfeld and Justin Courtnall.
One at a time, the seven players met with Boston assistant general manager Don Sweeney, Cassidy and Providence assistant Kevin Dean in the warming room at the 146 rink to receive the bad news.
Kelsey Wilson, a 25-year-old free-agent winger who played for Toronto of the AHL last season, survived the first cut. He is the only player left in camp who is not under contract to either Boston or Providence.


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JOPLIN, Mo. —
Two men running for associate judge in Missouri's 39th Circuit began battling it out in a Jasper County courtroom this week.
Jasper County Circuit Judge Gayle Crane heard arguments Wednesday concerning the disclosure of documents sought by Robert "Bobby" George, Aurora, the current Lawrence County prosecutor. George is challenging the residency of Samuel Jones, a former prosecutor and former associate circuit judge in Lawrence County.
Both men hope to win the Aug. 3 primary; George filed on Feb. 23 as a Republican, Jones on March 30.
In his lawsuit, filed earlier this month in Jasper County Circuit Court, George alleges that Jones has his primary residence in Lee's Summit and does not meet residency qualifications to run for office in Lawrence County. George wants Jones' name removed from the ballot.
George filed court requests with Jones for numerous documents, including:
Billing statements filed with the Missouri Supreme Court and Jones' Missouri bar registration.
Tax returns and bank statements.
Registration and title for vehicles and driver's license information.
Utility bills.
Evidence of gifts and donations made.
Copies of checks for homeowner association dues to a property in Lee's Summit.
Anita Oakes, attorney for Jones, objected to the release of multiple pieces of financial information during a hearing Wednesday, arguing that producing them violated her client's right to privacy. She also said that some information requested, such as that concerning Jones' gifts and donations, "is not relevant and it's not calculated to lead to any type of discovery."
"It's not our responsibility to give (the plaintiff) everything under the sun for him to find other things," she said.
Bruce Copeland, attorney for George, responded by saying it is not specific financial information George is interested in, but elements such as the Missouri tax returns that are "signed under penalty of perjury" and list his county of residency.
"(The plaintiff) has a right to ask for it," Crane told the attorneys.
For his part, Jones told the Globe recently that "I have been and continue to be a resident of Lawrence County, Mo., dating to June 1946."
He said he also maintains addresses in Mount Vernon and Miller.
Jones was elected Lawrence County prosecutor in 1972 and held the post until he was appointed chairman of the State Tax Commission in 1981. He served in that role for six years.
Jones was appointed to be the associate circuit judge when that position was created in 1991, was elected to the balance of the term in 1992, and re-elected to a full term in 1994. He also served as a probate judge for Lawrence County and juvenile judge for Lawrence and Barry counties. He left the bench and went into private practice in Mount Vernon before making an unsuccessful run to be Missouri attorney general in 2000.
George said owning property in a county is not the same as being a resident there and should not make him eligible for office.
"That is what my issue is," George said. "If someone is going to run in a county and seek office in a county, the residents ought to be assured it is someone living in the county and knows what the county issues are."
George also served as municipal judge and city attorney in Aurora.
He said he was required by election law to file the lawsuit in a county adjacent to the 39th Circuit, which consists of Lawrence, Stone and Barry counties, and said he chose Jasper County because he has worked cases there and always found judges in the county to be "reasonable."
Trial date
A trial is set for 10 a.m., May 22, a Saturday, as it was the only day all parties involved were available.
Carthage, Jasper County
Two men running for associate judge in 39th Circuit take case to court
- Carthage, Jasper County
Carthage attorney, reformer of revenue department, dies
James R. Spradling, a Carthage attorney who was noted for his reform of the Missouri Department of Revenue in the 1970s, died at 5:50 a.m. Monday at McCune-Brooks Regional Hospital.
Suspect held on gun and immigration charges
A 25-year-old man is being held on weapon charges after allegedly threatening another Carthage resident with a handgun.
Suspect in custody in robbery of restaurant customer
A 20-year-old suspect is in custody at the Jasper County Jail in connection with the robbery of a customer Friday morning at the Sonic Drive-In restaurant in Carthage.
Jasper schools locked down after liquor store robbery
Schools in the Jasper R-5 School District were locked down Tuesday at the request of the Jasper County Sheriff's Department in response to a robbery in Jasper.
Jo Ellis: Cool off with free summer concert in Carthage
The Carthage Council on the Arts is offering a concert in Central Park by the Route 66 Swing Band on Saturday, July 20. Made up of area musicians, the band will start playing at 7 p.m.
Arrests at Carthage motel linked to car dealership burglaries
Authorities believe they have solved a series of break-ins at car dealerships in Southwest Missouri and other burglaries with the arrest of a man and woman at a Carthage motel.
Special session set for contract work moving sheriff's office
The Jasper County Commission will meet in special session Wednesday to award a contract for financing work in order to remodel part of a county-owned building as the new headquarters for the Jasper County Sheriff's office.
Steadley trust planning session attracts 40-plus Carthage leaders
Carthage officials and representatives of organizations in the community gathered Friday to start a process aimed at identifying future needs that can be addressed by funding from the Steadley Memorial Trust. Discussions were led by Ralph Ochsner, a Kansas City-based consultant hired by Steadley directors to oversee the effort.
Bondswoman charged with false imprisonment
A bail bondswoman from Carthage is facing a charge of false imprisonment for allegedly attempting to put a man in jail without a judge's order, then taking him home and handcuffing him to the banister of a staircase until a friend of the man paid her his bond money.
Man's last statement to be given to defendant
A judge ruled Monday that the Jasper County prosecutor must provide attorneys for Darren J. Winans with a videotaped statement co-defendant Matthew D. Laurin made about the Sheldon murders shortly before killing himself.
- More Carthage, Jasper County Headlines
Carthage attorney, reformer of revenue department, dies


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By Tara Culp-Ressler on October 25, 2013
After seven women came forward to allege that UConn isn't doing enough to protect victims of sexual assault, state lawmakers are demanding action.
By Esther Yu-Hsi Lee on October 22, 2013
A federal jury found two Connecticut police officers guilty of violating the civil rights of Latinos after investigating allegations that East Haven Police Department systematically discriminated against minorities.
By Esther Yu-Hsi Lee on October 18, 2013
Hispanic police officers in Bridgeport, Connecticut are demanding the resignation of an assistant police chief who allegedly stood by as a college professor repeatedly used racial slurs during his lectures last month.
Want daily updates on important issues? Subscribe to
By Esther Yu-Hsi Lee on September 25, 2013
The Hartford Public Library is the country's first library to be certified to legally assist immigrants with paperwork.
By Igor Volsky on July 27, 2013
Health premiums in Maryland's exchanges will be among the lowest in the nation.
By Scott Keyes on June 12, 2013
By Bryce Covert on June 3, 2013
By Esther Yu-Hsi Lee on June 3, 2013
By Esther Yu-Hsi Lee on May 31, 2013
By Annie-Rose Strasser on April 7, 2013


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Yonathan, Israel – 30 of October 2011
This is a really great hostel, well located in the Raval area. The staff are super friendly and helpful. Lockers work perfectly, and there's air conditioner in the room. Breakfast is also good. It is one of the best places I've been.
One of the best places.
December 2, 2011
Previous Entry: Wonderful experience.
Next Entry: Great stay.


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Bored, wealthy Parisian socialite Frederique (Stéphane Audran, then director Claude Chabrol's wife and the star of many of his films) picks up young sidewalk artist Why (Jacqueline Sassard), brings her home, offers her a nice hot bath and coffee, and seduces her. Then Why follows Frederique to the latter's Saint-Tropez villa, where they alter their sensuous encounters with wild parties for the idle rich. At one of these parties, Why meets Paul (Jean-Louis Trintignant), a handsome young architect, and...more
All Les Biches cast + crew photos


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recipe reviews for:
"Colorful carrots, broccoli and red bell peppers find their way into a familiar casserole of tuna, celery, onion and cream of mushroom soup. Sprinkle with Cheddar cheese and bake until warm and bubbly."
Cooking Level: Beginning
My Profile | Cooks I Like Reviews | Photos | Recipes | Menus | Blog
Cooking Level: Professional
Cooking Level: Intermediate
Everything you need to party like a leprechaun.
New for spring! Good-for-you food you'll love to eat.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and helpful cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for just $9.99!
Incredibly simple to make, this tuna casserole really satisfies.
See how to make homemade tuna noodle casserole without the canned soup.
This prize-winning tuna casserole is a one-pot wonder!


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Reliable, multi-purpose electrician's scissors are designed for use in telephone and electrical service applications. Scissors cut up to 16AWG solid and 12AWG stranded wire. Scissors operate smoothly and have a serrated surface on the black blade edge to clean wire. Cutting edges remain sharp after repeated use. Overall length: 5". Length of cut: 17/8". Made in USA. Electrician's scissors with stripping notches (#22-6265) strip 19 and 23AWG wire and have serrations for non-slip wire cutting.
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108-3880 - Scotch Super 88 Vinyl Electrical Tape - 3/4'' x 44'
Premium-grade heavy-duty electrical tape 8.5 mil thickness Flame retardant Cold and weather resistant tape with superior cold weather handling features Available in two popular lengths
21-7155 - Grain Leather Driver Gloves
Cow grain leather Keystone thumb for added comfort Size: Large Sold per pair
50-14795 - Universal Television Stand, For Televisions 32" ~ 60"
Universal Television Stand Perfect for flat panel televisions that were mounted to the wall, but are to be moved to tabletop use. Universal mounting plate attaches to all VESA standard sets from 200x200 through 600x400, and provides a secure and attractive mount...
50-14780 - Equipment Wall Bracket - Adjustable Length
White Equipment Wall Bracket Designed for supporting microwave ovens from the wall, this bracket is ideal for any type of equipment.
555-11690 - Heavy Duty Laptop / Projector Presentation Stand
Heavy Duty Laptop / Projector Stand The design of this versatile, heavy duty stand makes it not only great for holding sheet music, but holding a laptop or projector for presentation purposes as well. Also available with Larger Tray
MCM Cat 57, Page 1028
MCM Cat 56, Page 944


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Moving Services in Lucerne Valley, CA
Packing. Loading. Moving Labor. Just for you, Lucerne Valley.
Other Lucerne Valley moving websites take your contact info and promise to call back with a quote. On HireAHelper.com, we don't ask for any private contact information before you can…
- See prices for Lucerne Valley, CA moving labor, instantly.
- Read real, unfiltered customer reviews.
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Moving to Lucerne Valley?
Living in Lucerne Valley, CA presents certain challenges when move day comes. Finding a moving service that does a great job and doesn't charge an arm and a leg should be easier than spotting a California Valley Quail (the California state bird).
When moving in California, make sure to compare multiple moving quotes and get references or reviews from past customers of each company. This could mean several hours of research as you work your way through the Lucerne Valley phone book, calling individual moving companies. It also means you might not get the most transparent, unbiased reviews.
Would a moving service really give a potential customer the contact info to a disgruntled past customer, as a reference?
Lucerne Valley, CA needs a trustworthy place to read un-edited reviews on local moving companies and see clear, upfront pricing. That's why we built HireAHelper.com. Lucerne Valley movers listed on HireAHelper.com know they are held to a higher standard because (1) all future customers will see real reviews, positive and negative, left by past customers and (2) visitors to HireAHelper will see each moving company listed right along side of their Lucerne Valley, CA competitors. This encourages open price competition and higher quality moves, on every move booked through HireAHelper.
Moving far? Find unloading help on HireAHelper too!
One more piece of good news - HireAHelper movers aren't just in Lucerne Valley. In fact, our list of moving services doesn't just cover all of California. It doesn't matter where you're moving to, HireAHelper.com has local movers listed nationwide. So, regardless of if you need unloading help in Chicago or unpacking help in Houston, we've got someone there ready to get you into your new home.
Movers in Lucerne Valley, CA
- J & I Delivery & Moving Service - 0 reviews in Rancho Cucamonga CA
- Tri-City Movers - 1 review in Fullerton CA
- D&A National Transportation Company - 9 reviews in Desert Hot Springs CA
- Wall 2 Wall - 0 reviews in Victorville CA


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Industry Outreach & Community Education
To provide continuing education opportunities to our communities and businesses to promote personal growth, enrichment and competitiveness within the economy.
To offer classes to serve the comprehensive educational needs of the community. Recognizing that the educational needs of any individual are not only academic and career oriented, but also cultural and vocational, the staff designs and arranges non-credit and credit courses, workshops, seminars, and activities which offer opportunities by which these needs may be met. Continuing education classes requested by industry are designed to meet their specific needs.
Community Education Classes
Kids' Programs
Industry Outreach Classes
Local Links
Industry Outreach & Community Education Staff
Shaun Clark Director of Industry Outreach & Continuing Education email@example.com TI 164 (870) 722-8126 |
Nancy Kenworthy Community Education Coordinator firstname.lastname@example.com TI 163 (870) 722-8102 |
Ashley Sanders Commercial Driver Trainer Program Coordinator firstname.lastname@example.com TXK 101 (870) 474-0317 |


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Home Page
- Home Page
Company History
- Company History - Man Behind the Gun
Gun Room
- The Premier - The Britannia - Engraving - Chokes
- Gun Gallery
Gun Fitting
- Gun Fitting - The Fitting Procedure
Shooting Lessons
- Shooting Lessons - Clay Shooting - Game Shooting
Press Releases
- Press Releases
Magazine Publications
- Magazine Publications
- Ads
- Partners
- Links
Contact Us
- Contact Us
New 2013 Brand Manual Premier Brochure
Britannia Brochure
Holloway & Naughton custom engraving is available with the finest game scene designs, scrolling foliage and flowers or any designs that the Client may specify. Below are some examples of the finest "Custom Engraving." The Ryder Cup Shotgun by the world renowned Welsh engraver Philip Coggan, as well as Stefano Pedretti and Creative Art, who are both from Italy.
These examples demonstrate we can offer those Clients who wish their engraving to be different and special to them, something quite unique.
Click on image to enlarge view
Beautiful acanthus scroll 'extra finish' on a Holloway & Naughton side lock showing the effect of subtle coin finishing.
Holloway & Naughton style colour case hardened bouquet and scroll engraving on this fine traditional side lock side by side.
The left sidelock of this Holloway & Naughton features flushing lowland partridge in the fens with bold open foliate scrolls on the action.
The pinless left lockplate of this sporting shotgun shows ruffed grouse in flight being flushed byEnglish pointers in New England woodland.
Britannia Game
Britannia Sporting
Examples by Creative Art
Click on images below to enlarge


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Join Now
Join ePHOTOzine, the friendliest photography community.
Upload photos, chat with photographers, win prizes and much more for free!
Just back from Isle of Wight ( seeing friends with a little photography !!) Thank you for all the response to my previous Macaque ) Here's another !!
Will try to catch up on you all over the next couple of days !!!!
Brand: | Canon |
Camera: | Canon EOS 20D |
Lens: | 18.0-55.0 mm |
Recording media: | JPEG (digital) |
Date Taken: | 24 Apr 2005 - 3:47 AM |
Focal Length: | 30mm |
Lens Max Aperture: | f/3.5 |
Aperture: | f/6.3 |
Shutter Speed: | 1/320sec |
Exposure Comp: | 0.0 |
Exposure Mode: | Aperture-priority AE |
Metering Mode: | Multi-segment |
Flash: | Off, Did not fire |
White Balance: | Auto |
Title: | Engaging |
Username: | rontear |
Uploaded: | 11 Aug 2013 - 11:39 PM |
Tags: | Hot pool, Japan, Japanese macaque, Onsen, Steam, Wildlife / nature |
VS Mode Rating |
100 (33.33% won) These stats show the percentage of wins and the rating score that your photo has achieved. You can go to the VS Mode by clicking on this icon. Signup to e2Signup to e2 to see which photo this has won or lost against in the vs mode |
Votes: | 47 |
Nominating Constructive Critique
Nominating Constructive Critique
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Great shot. He/she looks really sad, although I suppose you can't attribute those feelings to a monkey!
Nominating Constructive Critique
This is such an endearing, beautiful, and yes soulful expression I have seen in a long time - this image just speaks to my heart - one species to another.
I cannot catch up on all the beautiful uploads you have in your PF - but I see them, and love them all.
Nominating Constructive Critique
A wonderfully expressive and emotive portrait Ron, I bet you did not find him/her on the Isle of Wight!
Nominating Constructive Critique
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Hang tight!
Recipe by Makers of LACTAID® Brand Products
"Choose your favorite pasta shape and whip up a winning dish in no time. The rustic sauce of turkey ham, ripe tomatoes and herbs makes this dinner pasta burst with flavor."
Watch video tips and tricks
1 (16 ounce) package pasta (your favorite shape)
3 tablespoons olive oil
1 cup finely chopped onion
1 tablespoon minced garlic
4 cups chopped tomatoes
1/2 pound turkey ham
2 1/2 cups LACTAID® Reduced Fat Milk
3 tablespoons finely chopped parsley
1/4 cup finely chopped basil
1 teaspoon crushed oregano
Salt and pepper to taste
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New for spring! Good-for-you food you'll love to eat.
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See how to make a simple, flavorful fresh tomato sauce for pasta.
Learn how to make an amazingly simple orzo and chicken pasta dish.
See how to make a rich and creamy, smoked turkey pasta sauce.


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RALEIGH - North Carolina voters across the state will be able to see candidates for the N.C. Court of Appeals make the case for their vote this weekend: A N.C. Appeals Court forum will air statewide on UNC-TV on Sunday, Oct. 31, at 1 p.m.
Presented by the N.C. Center for Voter Education and UNC-TV, the forum will include 12 of the 13 candidates running in the "instant runoff" race for the N.C. Court of Appeals seat formerly held by Judge Jim Wynn. The program will also include the contenders for the other appeals court contests on the ballot this year.
"With a crowded field in the instant runoff race, this year it is especially important that we voters take the time to listen to these candidates and make a thoughtful decision," said Damon Circosta, executive director of the N.C. Center for Voter Education.
Voters can also learn more about these and other North Carolina candidates by visiting NCVoterGuide.org, produced by the N.C. Center for Voter Education and UNC-TV. The guide includes candidate profiles for all of the appeals court candidates, along with in-depth interviews with many of these contenders.
Due to the timing of Wynn's departure from the N.C. Court of Appeals, the race to fill the seat will utilize instant runoff voting (IRV), making North Carolina the first state in the nation to use IRV in a statewide election. Information on the instant runoff process is available at Vote123NC.com.
The N.C. Center for Voter Education is a nonprofit and nonpartisan organization, dedicated to informing and involving citizens so they may fully participate in democracy.
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I actually had Atmando in one bus and he was fantastic. Very enthusiastic and got many people involved in conversations about history and what not. Then I had Iliana in another bus and she was fantastic as well. Very funny And made the ride really fun. Both did an excellent job in telling us the history of Miami. Learned a lot of cool facts that I will never forget!
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Product Type: Lagerfeld fragrances
Newest Review: ... it with my own natural smell and also on my inner lower arm. The initial smell from this perfume is very strong and cloying and makes me t... more
Ages gracefully.
Lagerfeld Sun Moon Stars Eau de Toilette
Member Name: trayrope
Lagerfeld Sun Moon Stars Eau de Toilette
Date: 05/09/12
Advantages: Huge bottle, quite cheap, nice bottle, long lasting.
Disadvantages: Very heavy when first applied.
My Husband suggested this perfume for me after he had smelt it on a woman who works in the same office as him, he really liked the perfume and he thought it might be something I would like.
I ordered myself a miniature from eBay to try out as I don't like to waste money on something I am unsure about. The miniature bottle is very cute is a small version of the larger bottle, unlike some miniatures that are just little glass tubes of perfume.
Upon first sniff I thought the perfume was not for me as it seemed quite a mature scent, but I gamely put some on and waited for it to develop.
I am no perfume expert so I will describe what I can smell and then give you the official version.
I like to spray the perfume on to the top of my chest/breasts as I think this warms the perfume up and combines it with my own natural smell and also on my inner lower arm.
The initial smell from this perfume is very strong and cloying and makes me think of an older woman's perfume (40's-50's) I have not asked my husband how old the woman at work was, maybe I should.
The perfume is very floral and rich, I can smell Lilies and Roses, with a slight fruity scent of Peaches, the perfume smells warm and is more of an evening wear perfume or a wintery perfume.
After a few hours the perfume has faded back and started to mature while still being floral and powdery, smelling again of Lilies and Orchids and the warmth of Amber coming through.
As the perfume dies off after 6 to 8 houres the wood notes come through, I can smell Vanilla and Sandalwood.
To me the perfume seems to start out strong and brash and then steadily matures into a lighter fragrance before fading into the background, it assaults my nose and then wraps me in feathers.
The official explanation of the perfume is, Top notes of Freesia, Bergamot, Pineapple, Orange Blossom, Lotus, Rice and Peach, Heart notes of Heliotrope, Jasmine, Orange Blossom, Daffodil, Carnation, Lily of the Valley, Orchid and Iris and a base of Sandalwood, Cedar, Amber, Musk and Vanilla.
The top notes and heart notes of this perfume do seem a little crowded which is probably why I feel it is so heavy on the nose at first, I really like the base notes and to be honest if this perfume did not fade nicely and with grace I would not of committed myself to the 100ml bottle.
I personally prefer lighter, flowery, summer fragrances. When I do wear this for going out in the evenings I apply it a good few hours before leaving the house as a prefer the mid to end range of the perfume.
One of the highlights of the perfume for me is the bottle, I think it is amazing it appeals to the part of me that was a teenager in the mid nineties, who spent all her spare time trawling through little shops admiring Tarot cards and bags of pebbles seeking enlightenment.
The bottle is a beautiful midnight blue glass orb with sun, moon and stars embossed into it, the lid is gold coloured plastic and pulls off to reveal a spray button. To preserve the life of my perfume I keep it in its box, and only admire it when I take it out to put some on.
I paid around £15 for my 100ml bottle of eBay about a year ago, and it is lasting me well, I have only took the top off.
In conclusion, although this perfume starts out as a nasal assault it ages gracefully leaving me with a rather attractive feminine scent.
Thank you for reading.
Summary: A dramatic opening to a perfume that fades gracefully.
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- David Beckham Intense Instinct Eau de Toilette
- David Beckham Intimately Night Men Eau de Toilette
- David Beckham Signature Men Eau de Toilette
- David Beckham Signature Story Men Eau de Toilette


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Related Harry Styles Questions. What is harry styles lucky number? Harry Styles (born 1 February 1994) is from village Holmes Chapel, Cheshire,... 3 months ago - read more
What is harry styles's favourite number? I'm guessing, 69. :) Why is 69 harry styles's favourite number? Because Harry is very dirty-minded. And if you knew what 69 meant then you would know why. - read more
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Social Tag: Local government in England, Counties of England, Local government in the United Kingdom, Holmes Chapel, Cheshire
Person: Harry Styles
Facility: Holmes Chapel