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Devi Mahatmya
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The Devi Mahatmyam or Devi Mahatmya (Sanskrit: devīmāhātmyam, देवीमाहात्म्यम्), or "Glory of the Goddess") is a Hindu religious text describing the victory of the goddess Durga over the demon Mahishasura. As part of the Markandeya Purana, it is one of the Puranas or secondary Hindu scriptures, and was composed in Sanskrit around c. 400-500 CE, with authorship attributed to the sage (Rishi) Markandeya.
Devi Mahatmyam is also known as the Durgā Saptashatī (ढुर्गासप्तशती) or simply Saptashatī, Caṇḍī (चण्डी) or Caṇḍī Pāṭha (चण्डीपाठः) - where pāṭha – "reading" – refers to the act of ritual reading. The text contains 700 (saptashata - "seven hundred") verses, arranged into 13 chapters. By far the most important text of Shaktism,[1] the text has a central place in Shakta ritual.
Devi Mahatmyam is seen as an attempt to unify the Vedic male pantheon with the pre-existing mother goddess cult possibly dating to the 9th millennium BCE,[2] and an attempt to define divinity as a female principle. The text synthesizes a number of pre-existing Mother goddess myths of Aryan and non-Aryan origin into a single narrative.[3] The position of the Goddess as Shakti, power itself, beyond the patriarchal position as consort of an eclipsing male deity, is an important transition in Hindu mythology. Also, there are links to aspects of Samkhya philosophy in the narrative.
For ritual reading purposes a number of subsidiary texts are appended before and after. A ritual reading of this text is part of the Navaratri celebrations in honour of the Goddess. In eastern India, the ritual reading (chandipATh) is common at several functions, particularly in death rites. On Mahalaya, the last day of the previous fortnight Pitri Paksha (Pitri Pokkho), 'Fortnight of the Forefathers', recitation of Devi Mahatmyam (Chandi Path), and signifies the beginning of Durga Puja festivities. Bengalis traditionally wake up at 4 in the morning on Mahalaya day to listen to Mahisasura Mardini in the voice of the Birendra Krishna Bhadra and the Pankaj Kumar Mullick on All India Radio, since 1932 as they recite hymns from the scriptures.
Sanskrit māhātmya- "magnanimity, highmindedness, majesty" is a neuter abstract noun of māha-ātman- "great soul". The title devīmāhātmyam is a tatpurusha compound, literally translating to "the magnanimity of the goddess".
The text is called Saptaśati as it contains 700 shlokas. (sapta=7,shata=100) verses. This count includes even one line sentences which are not strictly verses. There is another opinion that the name should be Saptasati as it deals with the story of seven Satis or "pious persons". The seven mothers are Brāhmi, Māheśwari, Kaumāri, Vaisṇavi, Vārāhi, Indrāṇi, and Cāmunḍa.[4]
Caṇḍī or Caṇḍīka is the name by which the Supreme Goddess is referred to in Devī Māhātmya. According to Coburn, "Caṇḍīkā is "the violent and impetuous one", from the adjective caṇḍa "fierce, violent, cruel". The epithet is unprecedented in Vedic literature and is first found in a late insertion to the Mahabharata, where Chaṇḍā and Chaṇḍī appear as epithets."[5]
The Devi Mahatmya was considered significant among the Puranas by Indologists. This is indicated by the early dates at which it was translated into European languages. It was translated into English in 1823, followed by an analysis with excerpts in French in 1824. It was translated into Latin in 1831 and Greek in 1853.[6]
Devi Mahatmya has been translated into most of the Indian languages. There are also a number of commentaries and ritual manuals. The commentaries and ritual manual followed vary from region to region depending on the tradition.
Place in the Hindu canon[edit]
Devi Māhātmyam has been called the Testament of Shakta philosophy[7] It is the base and root of Shakta doctrine.[8] It appears as the centre of the great Shakti tradition.[9]
Here, for the first time, "the various mythic, cultic and theological elements relating to diverse female divinities were brought together in what has been called the 'crystallization of the Goddess tradition."[10]
The unique feature of Devi Māhātmyam is the oral tradition. Though it is part of the devotional tradition, it is in the rites of the Hindus that it plays an important role. The entire text is considered as one single Mantra and a collection of 700 Mantras.
The Devi Māhātmyam is treated in the cultic context as if it were a Vedic hymn or verse with sage(ṛṣi), meter, pradhnadevata, and viniyoga (for japa). It has been approached, both by Hindus and Western scholars, as scripture in and by itself, where its significance is intrinsic, not derived from its Puranic context.[11]
According to Damara Tantra "Like Aswamedha in Yagnas, Hari in Devas, Sapthsati is in hymns." "Like the Vedas; Saptasati is eternal" says Bhuvaneshwari Samhita.[12]
There are many commentaries on Devi Māhātmya.
- Guptavati by Bhaskararaya
- Nagesi by Nagoji Bhat
- Santhanavi
- Puspanjali
- Ramashrami
- Dhamsoddharam
- Durgapradeepam are some of them.[13]
The significance of Devi Māhātmya has been explained in many Tantric and Puranic texts like Katyayani Tantra, Gataka Tantra, Krodha Tantra, Meru Tantram, Marisa Kalpam, Rudra Yamala, and Chidambara Rahasya.[13] A number of studies of Shaktism appreciate the seminal role of Devi Māhātmya in the development of the Shakta tradition.
Devi Mahatmya accepts the ancient Vedic tradition in the form of Vāk and Trayī Vidyā and the philosophical doctrine of the codified system of Samkhya (Prakriti manifesting as the three Gunas) and Vedānta as Paramavidyā, the cause of Mukti. Further it synthesizes the then prevailing local Mother goddess traditions of Aryan and non-Aryan origin.[14]
In the first chapter it is said "all lives are conscious, but that knowledge is connected with senses. That goddess Bhagavatī, granting all kinds of prosperity, makes even the wise attracted to worldly pleasures and things forcibly with her great power of attraction. This ever-changing world with all its animate and inanimate things, is created by her. As the cause of salvation she turns into supreme spiritual knowledge, and is thus eternal; and again as the cause of bondage to worldly things she turns into things mundane and is the mistress of all, including Gods. She is eternal (and is thus beyond our knowledge) and pervades the world which may accordingly be called her form. Yet for the assistance of the lustrous souls, she appears in different forms."[15]
Significance of Chandi[edit]
The image of Durga as Mahishasuramardini epitomizes the Chandi. To understand the significance of the image we have to understand the significance of the Chandi.
The gory scene depicted by the image of Durga, and the blood-curdling descriptions of a warrior Goddess exterminating hordes of evil doers drenching the earth with blood, may be enigmatic and repulsive to some people, especially to those who are outside the Shakta tradition of Hinduism. A mature and realistic understanding of the Divine in the context of the real situations in human life and society is necessary to understand the true significance of Chandi. The basic significance of Chandi may be briefly stated as follows.
1. The main purpose of Chandi is to glorify Shakti. Shakti is the dynamic aspect of the ultimate Reality known as Brahman. Shakti is generally regarded as the feminine principle. The feminine principle has two aspects: a lower, seductive aspect, and a higher, maternal aspect. It is the higher maternal aspect that is glorified in the Chandi, and in the Shakta tradition in general. Sri Ramakrishna used to say: Jini Brahma tini Shakti, tini i Ma He who is Brahman is Shakti, and He himself is the Mother of the Universe
A mother has three main functions: to give birth, to nourish, to care and protect. It is the third aspect that is highlighted in the Chandi. God is not a disinterested spectator of the drama of human life. She is an active participant. She protects people from dangers. Think of the cosmic figure of a Divine Mother towering over millions of people guarding them from dangers, punishing evil doers. Well, you can see this image of the Cosmic Mother in the Chandi.
2. The second purpose of the Chandi is to depict the reality of evil. Vice, wickedness, cruelty, injustice, suffering - all these are as much real as virtue, love, compassion, cooperation etc. which humanity has idealized and dreamed about from time immemorial. Dharma and Adharma, virtue and vice, are two inseparable aspects of reality, and we have to accept both.
We generally tend to associate Godhead only with love and compassion. We forget that Godhead has also an aspect of power, terror and destruction. It was this destructive aspect of Godhead that Sri Krishna showed Arjuna through the Vishwarupa Darshana revelation. What we find in the Chandi is the same terrible aspect, but associated with the Eternal Feminine.
Mahishasura, Shumbha, Nishumbha and other characters portrayed in the Chandi are of course mythological, but this does not make them irrelevant in the present-day world. Do we not find similar, or even worse, types of people in modern times? Political leaders who commit mass genocide, terrorists who bomb crowded trains, buses and market places, serial murders, rapists et cetra, about whom we read in newspapers - are these people in any way better than the demons described in the Chandi? As a matter of fact, Chandi assumes greater reality and relevance in the contemporary world than at any other time before.
Chandi is not a book of romance. Nor does it promise a utopian world. On the contrary, it wakes us up from our futile dreams and situates us right in the midst of the terrible realities of the present-day world which we very often fail to face.
3. The third message of the Chandi is the empowerment of women. In recent years there is a lot of talk about empowerment of women, especially in rural and tribal areas in India. The Chandi shows to what heights this empowerment can be raised. In all countries in all times, women have been indoctrinated from childhood to believe that they are weak, helpless and totally dependent on men. The Chandi shows how much power women can wield, how they can work independently, and face boldly even the worst challenges of life without unduly depending on men.
4. Lastly, Chandi delivers a message of hope, the assurance of divine help and succour. In spite of all the terrible happenings described in the book, there is absolutely no pessimistic tone or note of despair in the Chandi. Let troubles and difficulties come, let even dire calamities occur; we have nothing to fear, for there is a God, a Mother, who protects us from all dangers or gives us the inner strength to face them. In modern times the Divine Mother, born as Sri Sarada Devi, has given us this assurance: Always remember, there is somebody behind you … Place your burden upon me and remain unperturbed. This is also the last message of the Chandi.[16]
The Devī Māhātmya consists of chapters 81-93 of the Mārkandeya Purana, one of the early Sanskrit Puranas, which is a set of stories being related by the sage Markandeya to Jaimini and his students (who are in the form of birds). The thirteen chapters of Devi Māhātmya are divided into three charitas or episodes. At the beginning of each episode a different presiding goddess is invoked, none of whom is mentioned in the text itself.[17]
The framing narrative of Devi Mahatmya presents a dispossessed king, a merchant betrayed by his family, and a sage whose teachings lead them both beyond existential suffering. The sage instructs by recounting three different epic battles between the Devi and various demonic adversaries (the three tales being governed by, respectively, Mahakali (Chapter 1), Mahalakshmi (Chapters 2-4) and Mahasaraswati (Chapters 5-13). Most famous is the story of Mahishasura Mardini – Devi as "Slayer of the Buffalo Demon" – one of the most ubiquitous images in Hindu art and sculpture, and a tale known almost universally in India. Among the important goddess forms the Devi Mahatmyam introduced into the Sanskritic mainstream are Kali and the Sapta-Matrika ("Seven Mothers").[18]
First Episode[edit]
The first story of the Devi Mahatmya depicts Devi in her universal form as Shakti. Here Devi is central and key to the creation; she is the power that induces Narayana's deep slumber on the waters of the cosmic ocean prior to the manifestation of the Universe which is a continuous cycle of manifestation, destruction and re-manifestation. Vishnu manifests from all pervading Narayan and goes into deep slumber on Adi Sesha. Two demons arise as thoughtforms from Vishnu's sleeping body and endeavour to vanquish Brahma who is preparing to create the next cycle of the Universe. Brahma sings to the Great Goddess, asking her to withdraw from Vishnu so he may awaken and slay the demons. Devi agrees to withdraw and Vishnu awakens and vanquishes the demons. Here Devi serves as the agent who allows the cosmic order to be restored.[19]
Middle Episode[edit]
"Durga, the great Warrior Goddess, represents the lethal energy of divine anger when turned against evil. The world was under attack by Mahishasura, the most evil demon in the world, who took many different forms, including that of a buffalo. The male gods, fearing total annihilation endowed Durga with their powers. Riding a lion into battle, Durga slew the buffalo by cutting off its head and then she destroyed the spirit of the demon as it emerged from the buffalo's severed neck. It is through this act that order was established in the world."[20]
Final Episode[edit]
Kali may be understood to represent or "aspect" the darker, chthonic, transformative qualities of Devi's power or Shakti. Kali's emergence is chronicled in the third story of the Devi Mahatmya. Kali emerges from Devi's eyebrows as a burst of psychic energy. Kali overpowers and beheads Chanda and Munda, and when she delivers their severed heads to Devi, she is dubbed Chamunda.
During a fierce battle in which the Great Goddess demonstrates her omnipotence by defeating powerful demons who terrify the devas, she encounters the fierce Raktabija (chapter 8). Every drop of blood Raktabija sheds transforms into another demon as it touches the earth. A unique strategy has to be devised to vanquish him. A fiery burst of energy emerging from Devi's third eye takes the dark skeletal form of goddess Kali. With her huge mouth and enormous tongue she ferociously laps up Raktabija's blood, thus preventing the uprising of further demons.
The story continues in which Devi, Kali and a group of Matrikas destroy the demonic brothers Sumbha (chapter 10) and Nisumbha (chapter 9). In the final battle against Shumbha, Devi absorbs Kali and the matrikas and stands alone for the final battle.[20]
Symbolism of the three episodes[edit]
Coburn says: "The sage's three tales are allegories of outer and inner experience, symbolized by the fierce battles the all-powerful Devi wages against throngs of demonic foes. Her adversaries represent the all-too-human impulses arising from the pursuit of power, possessions and pleasure, and from illusions of self-importance. Like the battlefield of the Bhagavad Gita, the Devi Mahatmya's killing grounds represent the field of human consciousness ... The Devi, personified as one supreme Goddess and many goddesses, confronts the demons of ego and dispels our mistaken idea of who we are, for – paradoxically – it is she who creates the misunderstanding in the first place, and she alone who awakens us to our true being."[21] Chapter 1, Chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 11 describe the praise given to the great Goddess Yognindra, Goddess Chandi, who slayed Mahishasura, Goddess Adi-Shakti, the one who is source of all other Goddesses and power inside all gods and Goddess Durga, who was born from combined energy of all Gods & Goddesses declares that Goddess Adi-shakti is Supreme of all and source of all. In chapter 1, Lord Brahma even praises that the great Goddess has created everything including himself.[22]
Coburn has said:
"While, in terms of quantity of verses, the Goddess's martial exploits are predominant, in terms of quality, these are surpassed by verses of another genre, viz., the hymns to the Goddess. Much of the power of the Devī Māhātmya derives from the way in which the hymnic material is held in counterpoint to the discursive account of her salvific activity in
the world, but to the reader-hearer it is clear that the devotional fervor of the text, and the synthetic work it is performing, emerge most intensely in the hymns."[23]
The four Hymns are:
- Brahma-stuti also known as Tantrik Ratri Suktam (Chapter 1): In the first episode, when Brahma hymns Yoganidra, requesting her withdrawal from Vishnu so that he can slay Madhu and Kaitaba.[24]
- Sakradi-stuti (Chapter 4): At the end of second episode, after the Goddess has vanquished demon Mahishasura and his hordes, the Gods with first god Indra, praise her.[25]
- The "Ya Devi" Hymn also known as Aparajita-stuti or Tantrik Devi Suktam (Chapter 5): At the beginning of the third episode, when the beleaguered gods recall the Goddess's promise to assist them, they head to Mount Himavan and there offer a hymn to the Goddess.[26]
- Narayani-stuti (Chapter 11): At the conclusion of the third episode, after the Goddess has disposed of Sumbha and Nisumbha, she is hymned by the Gods.[27]
Angās (Appendages)[edit]
As an independent text, Devī Māhātmya has acquired a number of "limbs" or "subsidiary texts" or "appendages" (angas) over the years "fore and aft". According to Coburn "artistic evidence suggests that the angas have been associated with the text since the fourteenth century." The angas are chiefly concerned with the ritual use of Devī Māhātmya and based on the assumption that the text will be recited aloud in the presence of images.[28]
There are two different traditions in the Anga parayana. One is the trayanga parayana (Kavacha, Argala,Keelaka). The other is the Navanga parayana (Nyasam, Avahanam, Namani, Argalam, Keelakam, Hrudayam, Dhalam, Dhyanam, Kavacham). The navanga format is followed in kerala and some other parts in South India.
Preceding subsidiary texts[edit]
- Durga Saptasloki also known as "Amba Stuti" - They are introduced as one-verse query from Siva who asks about the means of achieving what is desired, and a one verse response from the Goddess who says she will proclaim the relevant discipline (sadhana) by revealing Amba Studi which consists of the seven verses indicated.[29]
- Devi-kavacham - The Devi Kavacham consisting of 61 Slokas is in Markandeya Purana. This Kavacham (armour) protects the reader in all parts of his body, in all places and in all difficulties.[30]
- Argala-stotram - Here Rishi Markandeya is telling his disciples in 27 inspiring couplets on the greatness of Devi. She has been described in all aspects and names and at the end of each Sloka, prayer is offered to Devi for material prosperity, physical fitness, fame and victory.[30]
- Keelakam - Here also Rishi Markandeya tells his disciples in 16 Slokas, the ways and means of removing obstacles faced by devotees, while reading Devi Mahatmya.[30]
- Ratri Suktam (Vedic) - Ratri Suktam (8 Slokas) has been taken from Rig Veda, 10th Mandala, 10th Anuvaka, 127 th Sukta,which shows that Devi was worshipped from time immemorial. Devi is described as the all-pervading Supreme Lord of the Universe appearing in Omkara. Here Ratri is the Goddess who fulfills our prayers.[30]
- Kunjika Stotram is also a beautiful hymn written in the saptashati which is said to be the mixture of the three hymns i.e.,Kavacham,Argala stotram,Keelakam and also Rahasya parvam (Murthy Rahasyam and Vaikrutika Rahasyam).It is said that Lord Shiva had recited this shloka to Parvathi at her attainment of BramhaGyaan. This shloka plays an importantrole in Devi Saptashati. It is at the ending of the book.
- Ratri Suktam (Tantrik) - The hymn in the first chapter is the Tantrik Ratri Sukta.[31]
Either the Ratri Suktam (Vedic) or Ratri Suktam (Tantrik) is read depending upon whether the ritual is Vaidic or Tantrik.
One of the texts recited by some traditions is the Devī-Atharva-Śirṣa-Upaniṣad (Devi Upaniṣad).
Succeeding subsidiary texts[edit]
- Pradhana Rahasyam - "Deals with the process of creation. It is the secret about mula Prakrti who is the cause of creation."[32]
- Vaikritika Rahasyam - "Describes how the Godhead beyond change subjected itself to change, how the mula prakrti (productive) ,became vikriti (produced); hence the name Vaikritika Rahasyam."[32]
- Murti Rahasyam - "The incarnations, the Avatar murtis of the Goddess are mentioned."[32]
- Devi Suktam (Rig Vedoktam) - (According to Rig Veda): "The 8 Slokas composed by Vak, the daughter of Maharshi Ambharin, are from the Rig Veda, 10th Mandala, 10th Anuvaka, 125th Sukta. These Slokas express the truth realised by Vak, who identifies herself as Brahma Sakti, and expresses herself as 11 Rudras, 8 Vasus, 12 Adityas and all the Devas,— Indra, Agni and Asvini Kumaras—who are sustained by Her and She is the source, substratum and support of the whole world. She is verily Brahmasvarupini (embodiment of Brahman)."[30]
- Devi Suktam (Tantrik) - The hymn in chapter 5 is Tantrik Devi Suktam.[31]
The number and order of these depend on the Sampradaya (tradition).[33][34]
Either the Devi Suktam (Vedic) or Devi Suktam (Tantrik) is read depending upon whether the ritual is Vedic or Tantrik.
At the end of a traditional recitation of the text, a prayer craving pardon from the Goddess known as Aparadha Kshmapana Stotram is recited.
Bhāskararāya in his commentary "Guptavatīi" has noted that, among the mantras related to the worship of Brahman vis a vis Sakthi with attributes, the Navārna mantra and Saptasati are preeminent. Saptasati here is understood as constituting one very long mantra. Navārna mantra has been explained in Devī-Atharva-Śirṣa-Upaniṣad (Devi Upaniṣad).[35]
In popular tradition[edit]
The recitation of Devi Mahatmya is done during the Sharad Navaratri (Oct. - Nov.) in India, other countries in Indian Subcontinent and all over the world where Hindus are settled. The text is also recited during the Vasantha Navaratri (March - April) in Uttarakhand, Jammu, Himachal Pradesh and other states of north India.[1][2]. It is also chanted during special occasions like temple kumbabhishekam and as a general parihara.
Devi Mahatmya is the ritual text for performing Chandi Homam . This is one of the most popular Yagnas conducted throughout India. This is performed for the general welfare of people.[3]
See also[edit]
- ^ Narayanan, Renuka, "To Devi, who abides in all beings as strength...', Hindustan Times, October 13, 2007.
Refers to the Devimahatmyam as the "Shakta Bible" - ^ Kali, Davadatta (translator and commentator) (2003). Devimahatyam: In praise of the Goddess. Motilal Banarsidass.
- ^ *Swami Jagadiswarananda, Devi Māhātmyam. p vi
- ^ Sankaranarayanan, p 7
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya. p 95
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya. p 52
- ^ Manna, Sibendu, p 92
- ^ Swami Sivananda p 5
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya. p 55
- ^ Brown, C. MacKenzie, The Triumph of the Goddess
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya. p 51–55
- ^ Anna, p vii
- ^ a b Anna, p v
- ^ Goyal S.R., p 295
- ^ Goyal S.R., p 297
- ^ http://www.belurmath.org/durga_puja/article_on_durga_puja.htm
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Encountering the Goddess. p 100
- ^ Kali, Davadatta, p. xvii
- ^ "Devi".
- ^ a b "Devi".
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Encountering the Goddess
- ^ Durga Saptashati
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya. p 72
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya. p 290
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya. p 291
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya. p 295
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya. p 298
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Encountering the Goddess.p 100–101
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Encountering the Goddess.p 223
- ^ a b c d e Swami Sivananda, p 3
- ^ a b Swami Satyananda Saraswati, Chaṇḍī Pāṭh
- ^ a b c Sankaranarayanan. S., p 271–273
- ^ Sarma, Sarayu Prasad, Saptashatī Sarvasvam
- ^ Sri Durga Saptashatī, Gita Press
- ^ Coburn, Thomas B., Encountering the Goddess, p 136
- Anna, Sri. Devi Māhātmyam with commentary in Tamil, Sri Ramakrishna Matam, Chennai, India, 1973. (ISBN 81-7120-128-8)
- Brown, C. MacKenzie, The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Issues of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana. State University of New York Press (Suny Series in Hindu Studies, 1991). (ISBN 0791403637)
- Coburn, Thomas B., Encountering the Goddess: A translation of the Devi-Mahatmya and a Study of Its Interpretation. State University of New York Press, 1991. (ISBN 0791404463)
- Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya, The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition. South Asia Books, 2002. (ISBN 81-208-0557-7)
- Goyal S.R., A religious History of Ancient India, Volume Two, Kusumanjali Prakashan, Meerut, India, 1986.
- Kali, Davadatta, In Praise of the Goddess: The Devimahatmya and Its Meaning. Nicolas-Hays, Inc., Berwick, Maine, 2003. (ISBN 8120829530)
- Manna, Sibendu, Mother Goddess, Chaṇḍī, Punthi Pustak, Calcutta, India, 1993. (ISBN 81-85094-60-8)
- Sankaranarayanan, S., Glory of the Divine Mother (Devī Māhātmyam), Nesma Books, India, 2001. (ISBN 81-87936-00-2)
- Sarma, Sarayu Prasad, Saptashatī Sarvasvam, in Sanskrit, - A cyclopaedic work on Devī Māhātmya. Rashtriya Sanskrita Samsthan, New Delhi, India, 2006.
- Sri Durga Saptashatī, - Original text and ritual manual with Hindi translation, Gita Press, Gorakpur, India.
- Swami Jagadiswarananda, Devi Māhātmyam English translation, Sri Ramkrishna Math, Madras, 1953. (ISBN 978-8171201396)
- Swami Satyananda Saraswati, Chaṇḍī Pāṭh, Devi Mandir Publications, USA and Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, India, 1995. (ISBN 81-208-1307-3)
- Swami Sivananda, Devi Māhātmya (with a lucid running translation), The Divine Life Society, Shivanandanagar, India, 1994. (ISBN 81-7052-103-3)
Further reading[edit]
- Coburn, Thomas B. Encountering the Goddess A Translation of the Devī-Māhātmya and a Study of Its Interpretation. SUNY series in Hindu studies. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1991. ISBN 0-7914-0445-5
- Hiltebeitel, Alf, and Kathleen M. Erndl. Is the Goddess a Feminist? The Politics of South Asian Goddesses. New York: New York University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8147-3618-1
- Jyotir Maya Nanda. Mysticism of the Devi Mahatmya Worship of the Divine Mother. South Miami, Fla: Yoga Research Foundation, 1994. ISBN 0-934664-58-7
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Devi Mahatmya. |
- Devī Māhātmya - Sanskrit original in pdf form.
- Devī Māhātmya by Swami Sivananda at Divine Life Society
- Devi Mandir - About recitation of Chandi Path.
- The Esoteric Significance of the Devī Māhātmya
- Durga Saptashati
- Sāṅkhya-Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Durga Saptashati - Hindi verses
- in Sanskrit Verses (also in English Rhyme)
- Lokakshema Yagna Trust - Charitable spiritual organization performing Chandi Yagnas
- Shree Durga Sapta Shati - Video with meanings explained in Hindi


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November 23, 2011 by Toyota Bloggers · Leave a Comment
Filed under: Coupe , Performance , Etc. , Japan , Videos , Toyota Toyota has released a new teaser for the company's upcoming FT-86 that gives us all a glimpse into the vehicle's design process. The quick spot depicts designers as they slave over both exterior and interior details by choosing wheel and material options for the two-door sports coupe. We're guessing the same level of attention to detail went into crafting its North-American-bound twin, the Scion FR-S . The video also gives us a quick glance under the hood, where we see a very familiar-looking naturally aspirated 2.0-liter boxer engine. A fairly stout strut-tower brace is also clearly visible in the ad, though it looks as if Toyota has kept the vehicle's battery under the hood instead of kicking it to the rear of the vehicle for slightly better weight balance. It's also worth noting just how low the Subaru flat-four sits in the engine bay of the FT-86. The top of the engine sits well below the strut towers, making for what looks to be a decidedly low center of gravity. While you're waiting for this car to debut at next week's Tokyo Motor Show , hit the jump to check out the video for yourself. Continue reading Toyota releases new FT-86 teaser footage ahead of Tokyo reveal Toyota releases new FT-86 teaser footage ahead of Tokyo reveal originally appeared on Autoblog on Tue, 22 Nov 2011 10:59:00 EST.
Filed under Seattle Toyota Dealer, TOYOTABLOGGER · Tagged with below-the-strut, engine, entry, frs, japan, sports, teaser-footage, though-it-looks, toyota, toyota ft-86, videos


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Ring in summer in stunning color with Canterbury Bells. These large, deep-cupped, pastel flowers actually look like church bells! Big clusters of bell-shaped blooms cover sturdy stems up to 3' tall. You get a mix of soft pink, soothing blue, snowy white or rich purple.
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Zoom G7.1ut Guitar Multi Effect with Tube Circuit
If you want a multi-effects unit that's built like a tank and has the tones to match, Zoom's G7.1ut is a perfect choice. With a 12AX7 tube for warm crunch and rich harmonics, a two-channel preamp section, over 30 amp and stompbox models, and 92 different effects, if you can think of a sound you can probably get it. Add to that a built-in tuner, a USB port for use as an audio interface or patch editing on your PC, and a built-in expression pedal for controlling effects parameters, and you've got a device to serve most any guitarist.
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Attorney Liz interviews Rosalind Sedacca from the Child-Centered Divorce Network. We discuss interesting issues with co-parenting, child custody and dating post-divorce.
Attorney Liz is a prominent family law lawyer in California who has been practicing divorce law since 1993. She is a certified family law specialist by the California State Bar Board of Legal Specialization. In addition to representing celebrities, Attorney Liz has also sat as Judge Pro Tem in the family law department of the CA Superior Court. This show discusses some of the problems and questions spouses have about divorce in California and about the divorce process. After two decades of matrimonial law, Attorney Liz also offers common sense advice on relationships, marriage and separations.


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Playstation 2
This page contains Need For Speed: Underground 2 Hints for Playstation 2 called "Rain follows you" and has been posted or updated on Nov 23, 2006 by hafool. Let us know what you think of this Hint by thumbs voting.
- Developer: EA Canada
- Publisher: Electronic Arts
- Genre: Driving Racing GT / Street
- Release Date: Nov 15, 2004
- ESRB: Everyone
Rain follows you
On some occasions when it starts raining, the rain will be raining directly towards you. When you turn around, notice that the rain is still falling directly towards you.
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Find fun things to doin the Atlanta, GA area
Updated: 7:42 p.m. Tuesday, Jan. 11, 2011 | Posted: 6:19 p.m. Tuesday, Jan. 11, 2011
By Melissa Ruggieri
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Plenty of celebrities donate meaningful items to charities and contests: A gold record. A trademark T-shirt. Maybe even an autographed instrument.
But a $300,000-plus Lamborghini? Buckle up, it's true.
Akon, the R&B/hip-hop superstar responsible for ubiquitous hits "I Wanna Love You," "Don't Matter" and the recent earworm "I Just Had Sex," from a "Saturday Night Live" digital short, has teamed with a new company, FanTrace.com, to steer the uber-giveaway.
"It's easy for me to give [the car] up to a fan, because it's the fans who gave me the opportunity to purchase it. Without that support, there would be no Lambo," Akon said last week in the headquarters of his Kon Live corporation in Buckhead.
Stretched out on a carrot-colored couch in the sleek offices, Akon, a Sandy Springs resident who has been in Atlanta since 1996, talked about his affiliation with FanTrace, which chose the Senegal-born singer as its inaugural client.
"My main motive is to have better communication with my fans and I wanted to catch this idea while it was early," Akon said, then added with a knowing smile, "That's when you benefit. Plus, I thought this concept was really dope."
FanTrace is currently situated in Atlanta to oversee Akon's site, which launched last week at www.fantrace.com/akon.
While celebrity websites are a hardly a breakthrough, FanTrace hopes to fill a niche for devoted fans who crave a deeper connection with their idols.
The idea, said FanTrace President Fred Khalil, is to be a one-stop digital outlet for fans, whether they are looking for concert tickets, songs and CDs or even a link to purchase something from Akon's upcoming men's clothing line, Aliaune (Akon's birth name).
While FanTrace intends to introduce sites for a couple of personalities per month, whether from the worlds of music, movies or sports, Khalil said Akon seemed like an ideal starting point.
Khalil said he first met the singer/songwriter/producer in Las Vegas during Akon's collaboration with Michael Jackson on "Hold My Hand," the R&B – and now, jazz chart – hit on Jackson's posthumous "Michael" album.
"Akon is very stable. He's very focused," Khalil said. "And, he's so open-minded and willing to work."
One of the attractions of Akon's FanTrace site is the ability to send "personalized" greetings from the star via phone or email.
Akon spent four days in an area studio recording more than 35,000 combinations of names, occasions (everything from happy Ash Wednesday to happy engagement) and relationships to the recipient ("Your business partner wanted me to wish you…") for the feature, which can be further customized with a choice of 10 Akon songs.
Software strings the right words together and for $1.99 per message – 10 to 25 are included in fan club membership – a tailored clip from Akon is created and sent.
But the big bang of FanTrace's Akon unveiling is the car giveaway, which fans can register to win on the website.
Akon hopes it's the first of many giveaways.
"I might want to give away the house!" he said with a laugh. "You think I'm joking! But depending on how this car thing goes, I might want to give away another. I have 23 and I don't drive all of them and I feel guilty sometimes. It just feels good knowing that I can say to a fan, you helped me buy it, now you take it. The blessings will only come back to me 10 times. I really believe in karma."
Tentative plans call for the giveaway to take place on April 16 – Akon's birthday – with some type of live TV presentation. Khalil said a sponsor for the TV portion will also cover the considerable tax bill that likely would come with winning the car.
"I will literally hand the person the keys," he said. "And I want it televised so people actually see it happen and know it's not a game."
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Hotel Restaurant Cartier
Travel Blogs from Quillan
... lab.
We parked, left our belongings and headed to the Castle - we took the audio tour. Very interesting...very medieval. We had a great lunch at a small restaurant in the Castle gates called Le Saint Jean. We had dinner next door that evening, sitting outside...which was amazing at Adelaide Restaurant. Wine is less expensive than Perrier!!
Tomorrow we our adventure takes us to Avignon.
... the bar and sitting out on the patio to nibble on my delicacies and watch the boats drift by. Perfect.
Walked to the hill on the northern outskirts of Castelnaudary to see the Moulin du Cugeral. This is the last of 32 flour mills that once operated in the town. It was fully restored in the 1960's and has great views over the plains below.
There used to be a castle in Castelnaudary (the town's name comes from the Occitan Castelnou d'Arri – ...
... I'd rather spend my last days before dropping the car off at Carcassonne somewhere slightly bigger, so I booked the next two nights at a place in Castelnaudry called Hotel du Canal, which I presume is next to the Canal du Midi. It's also a quick 30 minute drive to the airport so I won't have to wake up too early on Tuesday morning.
Checked my emails (Marbrerie has wifi) and got a confirmation from Hotel Splendid for my four nights accommodation in Avignon. ...
... to Fanjeaux. This is the place St Dominic called home in the early years of the Inquisition. There's still a convent and a church here that date from that period.
I'd planned to stop in Mirepoix for lunch but after three circuits of the main drag I still couldn't find a park so kept on driving towards my main goal for today; Montsegur. I think I was in the foothills of the Pyrenees at this stage, and certainly the road leading up to the fortress was steep and very twisty with ...
Another Stop, but Stressful!!
... stairs there will be???!!!???
Well, when I got to this station it was the closest platform....Yay!!!! So, I only had to wait in line to buy my extra reserved tickets. And, Yes!!! The line was a mile long.... and I saw that there was another train leaving sooner, but there were certainly at least 20 people before me, but there were 4 customer service agents. It was going fairly quickly....so why?? was I sweating?? ..oh...because they don't have ...


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Socialists pull out of Portuguese government talks
Friday - 7/19/2013, 7:15pm  ET
LISBON, Portugal (AP) -- The leader of Portugal's main opposition party says talks aimed at resolving a dispute over changes in the coalition government have failed.
The coalition nearly split July 2 when Foreign Minister Paulo Portas, the leader of the junior party, threatened to resign.
A compromise was reached when Portas was appointed deputy to Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho.
But President Anibal Cavaco Silva asked the government to reach a consensus with the Socialists, Portugal's leading opposition party.
On Friday, Socialist leader Antonio Jose Seguro said his party had left the talks.
He said Cavaco Silva must now accept the compromise agreement or call early elections.
The dispute caused turmoil on financial markets as fears arose over Portugal's ability to uphold the terms of its 78 billion euro ($102 billion) bailout.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Research Support Services Institutional Review Board (IRB) (FWA00005607)(IRB00000616) 1601 Parkview Avenue Initial Review Application: Social Rockford, IL 61107-1897 Phone: 815.395.5942 Fax: 815.395.5714 and Behavioral Sciences http://rockford.medicine.uic.edu/Research/research_support_services/ Version 3.1 August 17, 2009 I. Research Title: Date Application Completed: Application Document Version #: II. Personnel A. Principal Investigator Name (Last, First) Degree(s) University Status/Title Department College Mailing Address E-mail Address Office Location Education Training Dates: Phone Number CITI: HIPAA for Research B. Faculty Sponsor – required when PI is a student, fellow or resident Name (Last, First) Degree(s) University Status/Title Department College Mailing Address E-mail Address Office Location Education Training Dates: Phone Number CITI: HIPAA for Research C. LIST ALL ADDITIONAL KEY RESEARCH PERSONNEL ON APPENDIX P and SUBMIT WITH THIS APPLICATION PACKET. III. Performance Sites Definition of a Performance Site: A performance site is a location at which the research is conducted, data is gathered from subjects and/or records, and/or subjects are consented into the research. Sites are performance sites whether the research activities there are funded or not funded. August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 1 of 20 Non-UIC Performance Site: A non-UIC performance site is a non-UIC location at which a UIC investigator conducts research activities. Sites may be non-UIC performance sites whether the research activities there are funded or not funded, or whether the research activities are funded through a UIC sub- contract or not. A. Performance Site Identification: 1. Will COM-R/UIC be a performance site? No Yes B. Non-UIC Performance Sites : 1. Are there non-UIC performance sites? No Yes (After completing this application, complete Appendix K and submit with this application packet) 2. Are there international performance sites? No Yes (After completing this application, complete Appendix I and submit with this application packet) IV. IRB Disapproval of the Research To your knowledge, has this protocol been reviewed by any IRB? No Yes Approved 1. Provide the details including the reviewing IRB name, and date of review (upload approval letter to IRBNet) Disapproved 2. 1Provide the details including the reviewing IRB name, and date of review (upload disapproval letter to IRBNet) 3. If the result was disapproval what were the issues? 4. How these issues have been resolved? V. Classified Research Has this research been declared to be classified and/or does it involve any classified data or subjects? No YES, STOP. State of Illinois law and UIC policy does not permit classified research to be conducted at UIC. VI. Lay Summary Summarize the proposed research using non-technical language that can be readily understood by IRB members whose primary concerns are nonscientific. The complete summary (parts A - F) must not exceed a total of 500 words. Use complete sentences. A. Statement of purpose/and background information necessary to understand the study: B. Description of procedures/methods: August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 2 of 20 C. Statement of duration of subject participation: D. Anticipated risks: E. Anticipated benefits: F. Description of subject population including characteristics, age range and number of subjects at COM- R and study-wide. VII. Categories of Research that may be Reviewed through Expedited Procedures A. Eligibility for Expedited Review Will this research involve prisoners as subjects? No YES, STOP and skip to Section VIII. Research involving prisoners is not eligible for expedited review. B. Eligibility as Minimal Risk Research (Minimal risk means that the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are not greater in and of themselves than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests.) Will this research be minimal risk? Yes NO, STOP and skip to Section VIII. Research that is greater than minimal risk is not eligible for expedited review. C. Expedited Categories Expedited categories are listed below. Select category/categories that apply to your research STOP. If your research does NOT fit within any of the categories and skip to Section VIII. 1. Clinical studies of drugs and medical devices only when condition (a) or (b) is met. (a) Research on drugs for which an investigational new drug application 21 CFR Part 312 is not required. (NOTE: Research on marketed drugs that significantly increases the risks or decreases the acceptability of the risks associated with the use of the product is not eligible for expedited review). (b) Research on medical devices for which: (i) an investigational device exemption application 21CFR 812 is not required; OR (ii) the medical device is cleared/approved for marketing and the medical device is being used in accordance with its cleared/approved labeling. 2. Collection of blood samples by finger stick, heel stick, or venipuncture as follows: August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 3 of 20 (a) from healthy, non-pregnant adults who weigh at least 110 pounds. For these subjects, the amounts drawn may not exceed 550 ml in an 8-week period and collection may not occur more frequently than 2 times per week; OR (b) from other adults and children, considering age, weight, and health of the subjects, the collection procedure, the amount of blood to be collected, and the frequency with which it will be collected. For these subjects, the amount drawn may not exceed the lesser of 50 ml or 3 ml per kg in an 8-week period and collection may not occur more frequently than 2 times per week. 3. Prospective collection of biological specimens for research purposes by noninvasive means. Examples: (a) hair and nail clippings in a non-disfiguring manner; (b) deciduous teeth at time of exfoliation or if routine patient care indicates a need for extraction; (c) permanent teeth if routine patient care indicates a need for extraction; (d) excreta and external secretions (including sweat); (e) uncannulated saliva collected in an unstimulated fashion or stimulated by chewing gumbase or wax or by applying a dilute citric solution to the tongue; (f) placenta removed at delivery; (g) amniotic fluid obtained at the time of rupture of the membrane prior to or during labor; (h) supra- and subgingival dental plaque and calculus, provided the collection procedure is not more invasive than routine prophylactic scaling of the teeth and the process is accomplished in accordance with acceptable prophylactic techniques; (i) mucosal and skin cells collected by buccal scraping or swab, skin swab, or mouth washings; (j) sputum collected after saline mist nebulization. 4. Collection of data through noninvasive procedures (not involving general anesthesia or sedation) routinely employed in clinical practice, excluding procedures involving X-rays or microwaves. Where medical devices are employed, they must be cleared/approved for marketing. (Studies intended to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the medical device are not generally eligible for expedited review, including studies of cleared medical devices for new indications.) Examples: (a) physical sensors that are applied either to the surface of the body or at a distance and do not involve input of significant amounts of energy into the subject or an invasion of the subject's privacy; (b) weighing or testing sensory acuity; (c) magnetic resonance imaging; (d) electrocardiography, electroencephalography, thermography, detection of naturally occurring radioactivity, electroretinography, ultrasound, diagnostic infrared imaging, Doppler blood flow, and echocardiography; (e) moderate exercise, muscular strength testing, body composition assessment, and flexibility testing where appropriate given the age, weight, and health of the individual. 5. Research involving materials (data, documents, records, or specimens) that have been collected, or will be collected, solely for non-research purposes (such as for medical treatment or diagnosis). (NOTE: Some research in this category may be exempt from HHS regulations for the protection of human subjects 45CFR 46.101(b)(4). This listing refers only to research that is not exempt.) August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 4 of 20 For decision charts to assist in determining the level of review, refer to the RSS webpage: http://rockford.medicine.uic.edu/Research/research_support_services 6. Collection of data from voice, video, digital, or image recordings made for research purposes. 7. Research on individual or group characteristics or behavior (including, but not limited to, research on perception, cognition, motivation, identity, language, communication, cultural beliefs or practices, and social behavior), or research employing survey, interview, oral history, focus group, program evaluation, human factors evaluation, or quality assurance methodologies. (NOTE: Some research in this category may be exempt from the HHS regulations for the protection of human subjects 45CFR 46.101 (b)(2) and (b)(3). This listing refers only to research that is not exempt.) For decision charts to assist in determining the level of review, refer to the RSS webpage: http://rockford.medicine.uic.edu/Research/research_support_services VIII. Protocol Components A Briefly state the current research hypothesis. Include a discussion of the present knowledge relevant to the research including its aims and significance. Cite appropriate literature to support the relevance and importance. (Please note: not necessary if completing Appendix G.) 1. History 2. Study aims 3. Benefits 4. Anticipated outcomes 5. Hypothesis B. Please describe in chronological order all the tasks/tests, procedures, and anticipated duration subjects will be asked to complete while participating in this research. C. If the research will require blood draws or the collection of other tissues performed solely because of participation in the research, please indicate the exact amounts and the frequency with which the samples will be taken. D. Health Information Health information means any information (oral or recorded in any form) that is created or received by a health care provider, health care plan, health authority, employer, life insurer, school or university, or healthcare clearing house. It relates to the past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition of an individual. For example, if you are reviewing, extracting data from, or creating medical records as part of this study, you are using PHI. 1. Does the research involve the use and disclosure of protected health information (PHI)? August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 5 of 20 No YES, select one of the following options: a. If yes, AND if the ONLY data collected will be from health information records that exist at UIC, the COM-R Medical Clinics, and/or UIC affiliated preceptorships at the time of IRB submission and no on-going or prospective collection of data will occur, STOP and complete a Claim of Exemption form. b. If yes, AND data collected from health information records will be on-going or prospective, and/or outside of UIC, the COM-R Medical Clinics, and/or UIC affiliated preceptorships, please complete and submit Appendix H with this application. Important: Also, include the use or disclosure of PHI in the tasks/procedures section of the informed consent document(s). If the PHI will be accessed at a UIC site, please submit a HIPAA Authorization document or request a waiver of HIPAA in Appendix H. 2. For records outside UIC: A: is it PHI? No YES , indicate who gave approval for the use of the records If subjects are to be selected If the records are "private" medical or student records, provide the protocol, consent documents, letters, etc., for securing consent of the subjects for the use of the records. Written documentation for cooperation/permission from the institutional holder or custodian of the records should also be attached. COM-R Other UIC locations: specify Other hospitals: specify Community clinic: specify Other institutions: specify Other non-institutional settings: specify Elementary schools: specify – see School District's policy Secondary schools: specify - see School District's policy Other: specify 3. Will the Principal Investigator and/or other Key Research Personnel accessing the health information records for the research already have access to the records for clinical care? No Yes N/A (the research does not involve access to health information records) 4. Will the Principal Investigator and/or other Key Research Personnel review the health information records to establish the subject's eligibility for the research? No YES, then a HIPAA waiver for recruitment purposes must be requested on Appendix H and a parallel waiver of informed consent must be requested under 45 CFR 116(d) for recruitment purposes in Sections XIV and XV of this application form. UIC policy requires that all research subjects who have clinical visits and procedures be registered and that, at a minimum, a medical record containing the name of the research study, the responsible physician, the procedure(s) being performed, the medication involved, and adverse experiences be part of the permanent medical record so that, in the case of an emergency, the subject's involvement in a research study is known. UIC policy also requires that a copy of the research consent August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 6 of 20 document, Release of Medical Information Form, and HIPAA authorization form be part of the permanent medical record. This must be disclosed in the informed consent document. 5. Will any research related information be put into the health information records or any other permanent record of the subject? No YES, please explain: E. Eligibility Criteria Please provide detail regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria for enrollment of subjects into this study. Please include specific information regarding the procedures/thresholds that will be used to determine whether someone is included or excluded (e.g., "subjects who may be pregnant based on a positive pregnancy test"). 1. Inclusion Criteria: 2. Exclusion Criteria: 3. Who will assess potential subjects and determine their eligibility for the research? 4. How will initial eligibility be documented? 5. How will the subjects be monitored during the course of the research to ensure that they still meet the eligibility criteria and how will their continuing eligibility be documented? F. Equitable Selection of Subjects Federal regulations require that the selection of research subjects be equitable in order for the IRB to approve the research. If a particular population will be excluded (for example: pregnant women or non-English speaking subjects), you must JUSTIFY the exclusion of this population. NOTE: This question does not refer to clinical trial exclusion criteria, unless entire populations are excluded (for example: if the research is targeting African Americans, Hispanics, or children). No subjects will be excluded based upon sex, race/ethnic group, or religion. The following population of subjects will be excluded from the research: Justification for exclusion: G. Will any portion of the research involve deception? No YES, complete and submit Appendix J with this application. IX. Research Subject Population A. Subject Population 1. Requested number of subjects: Total UIC*: 2. Total non-UIC: 3. GRAND TOTAL (UIC + non-UIC): 4. Not applicable; this is a Master, Training, or Development protocol and no subjects will be enrolled * included UIC and COM-R August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 7 of 20 Note: The total number stated here will be the total number of approved subjects and will appear in the approval letter. If you are only extracting and/or analyzing case data, and not recruiting subjects, this number will represent the number of cases you are analyzing. This is a specific number and you must not exceed this number. If you need to increase the approved sample size, an amendment must be submitted and IRB-approved PRIOR to recruiting and consenting, or accessing the case data for, more than the approved number of subjects. If the research includes screening procedures that may cause the subjects to be withdrawn after initial recruitment, be sure to provide sufficient numbers to account for screening failures and other reasons for study attrition (such as incomplete or flawed data). B. Age Range (check all that apply): Newborn through 17 years of age - Submit Appendix B 18-64 Years 65+ Years C. Indicate which populations below are the PRIMARY FOCUS of this research. Check all that apply: Adults: Healthy Subjects or Control Subjects Adults: Patient Subjects Pregnant Women, Neonates, Fetuses/Fetal Tissue – Appendix U must be included * Prisoners – Appendix C must be included* UIC Employees* UIC Students* Decisionally-Impaired* - Appendix V must be included * Economically and/or Educationally Disadvantaged* Vulnerable to Coercion or Undue Influence* Other: specify **Please note the groups listed directly above marked with an asterisk (*), as well as subjects under the age of 18, are considered "vulnerable" and require special consideration by the federal regulatory agencies and/or by the COM-R IRB. If vulnerable populations will be recruited as subjects, the appropriate Appendixes (indicated above) must be attached to this application. Illinois State Law does not allow prisoners to participate in biomedical research. D. Indicate, which populations below are NOT, the primary focus of this research, but may make up subsets within the group to be recruited. Remember to take into account the location in which recruitment will occur and where the research will be conducted. Check all that apply: Adults: Healthy Subjects or Control Subjects Adults: Patient Subjects Pregnant Women, Neonates, Fetuses/Fetal Tissue – Appendix U must be included * Prisoners – Appendix C must be included* UIC Employees* UIC Students* Decisionally-Impaired* - Appendix V must be included * Economically and/or Educationally Disadvantaged* Vulnerable to Coercion or Undue Influence* Other: specify August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 8 of 20 E. Provide a rationale and justification for the inclusion of each vulnerable population indicated above as a primary focus of the research. F. Indicate the location of the subjects at the time the research will be conducted. If data/records pertaining to subjects will be studied, indicate the location where these materials will be when they are accessed or used for the research (for example: if medical records will be accessed and stored, Other UIC locations should be checked). Check all that apply: Subject's home COM-R Other UIC locations: specify Other hospitals: specify Community clinic: specify Other institutions: specify Other non-institutional settings: specify Elementary schools: specify – see School District's policy Secondary schools: specify – see School District's policy Other: specify X. Reasonably Anticipated Risks and Benefits of the Research A. Identify all the reasonably anticipated risks or discomforts that may result from participation in this research (actual and reasonably possible, current and future) and describe the expected frequency, degree of severity, and potential reversibility of those risks (if known). Remember that risks can be psychological, physical, social, economic, or legal. If any portion of the research involves review of medical records, the potential for loss of privacy or confidentiality of health information should be listed as a risk. Note the risks listed here should correspond to the list provided in the lay summary and the informed consent document. B. Please identify the potential for benefits from the conduct of this research. Note, there must be an expectation of benefit, either directly to subjects or indirectly from the potential knowledge to be gained, in order for the IRB to approve the research. Note that anticipated risks must be reasonable in light of the potential benefit to be gained. C. Indicate how the knowledge gained from the study could produce a benefit to society or to others who share the same disorder or condition. State here and in the consent document. D. Please indicate whether there are potential benefits related to an experimental treatment that are only available in the context of the research. State here and in the consent documents. August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 9 of 20 XI. Research Procedures to Minimize Risk A. Please indicate the proposed measures to minimize the possibility of undue influence on potential subjects (for example: how will you maximize the subject's autonomous decision-making?) B. Describe the precautions taken to protect subject privacy during the initial identification of subjects, subject recruitment, and collection of data from the subjects (for example: what precautions will be taken to protect the subject from being recognized as a research subject if recruitment or data collection occurs in a group setting or in public?). C. Describe provisions you will make to maintain the confidentiality of the research data. Please begin by clarifying the following: 1. Where will the data be stored and what protections will be in place for data security (for example: stored in a locked file cabinet, use of password protected files on computer, data coded such that no direct subject identifiers are on data sheets)? 2. Other than the PI and key research personnel, please indicate below any individuals (for example: collaborators, school officials, medical personnel, data input personnel), organizations, or groups (e.g., study sponsor or CRO), including state and federal auditors, who may have access to identifiable information (consent documents, financial records, case report forms, etc.), including any raw* research data. *Raw data is the research data in its original form, before any manipulation or "cleaning," and in its original format (e.g. source documents, surveys, data printouts). Generally, the data may be identifiable at this stage. Specify any state or federal agencies you know will have specific rights to access this information (for example: FDA, NIH, NCI, Auditors from UIC or the State of Illinois, Government Accounting Office [GAO] for VA research), and include this information in the consent document and Appendix H, if applicable. If you are aware of no additional groups having rights to access this information, please indicate so in the space below. The UIC OPRS/IRB and Auditors from UIC or the State of Illinois always have the right to inspect research records for research conducted at UIC. Although that is understood and it is not necessary to list them here it is necessary to list these entities in the consent document and the HIPAA authorization documents. All other entities listed in this section must also be listed in the confidentiality section of the consent document and the HIPAA authorization document. 3. Indicate why the individuals, organizations, or groups identified in question # 2 (above) will be provided access to the research data and indicate how they will be given access. 4. Describe any procedures for sharing research data. August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 10 of 20 5. Will the research data be coded to protect the identity of the subject when shared? 6. Will the data be de-identified or destroyed? No YES, explain how and when this will occur: NOTE: The consent document must describe if and how the date will be de-identified or destroyed, or if identifiers will be maintained. D. Describe provisions you will make to maintain the security of stored or banked research data. Please begin by clarifying the following: 1. Will any biological samples or specimens be stored, even temporarily, as a result of the research? No YES, complete and submit Appendix D1 with this application packet. 2. Will any identifiable data, or coded data where a master list to the codes exists, be stored or entered into an existing databank as a result of the research? No YES, complete and submit Appendix D2 with this application packet. E. Please describe any provisions for providing medical care to subjects in case of an accident, injury, or complications related to the research procedures. NOTE: If the research involves no more than minimal risk, this portion of the consent document/application may not be applicable. 1. Is the language explaining provisions for medical care in the consent document? No Yes F. Does the research protocol have a data and safety-monitoring plan? No Yes NOTE: NIH policy requires that some grantees, including all those using the CRC, have a data and safety monitoring plan which has been reviewed and approved by the IRB. The data and safety-monitoring plan may include the establishment of a Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) or Data Monitoring Committee (DMC). 1. If NO, please describe the methods to be used in this study to monitor the ongoing safety of the subjects (for example: sponsor medical monitor, AE reporting, protocol specific safety features like stopping rules, etc.). August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 11 of 20 If YES, please describe the data safety-monitoring plan in detail here: 2. Will there be a data safety monitoring board (DSMB)/ Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) assigned to this study? No YES, describe the DSMB/DMC structure and meeting plan (for example: how often they will meet) and how the findings will be reported back to the individual investigators and the IRB. 3. Is this a multi-center trial AND is UIC/COM-R the lead site or serving as the data coordinating center? No YES, describe the plan for managing and communicating the following information among the multi-center sites: Unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or others: Interim results: Protocol modifications: G. Will you be applying for a Certificate of Confidentiality? No YES, please include this information (as well as any exceptions — for example: mandatory reporting, threats of self-harm) in the consent document. When the IRB approves your research, submit a request for a Certificate of Confidentiality to the appropriate federal agency. After you receive the Certificate of Confidentiality, you must submit an Amendment to the IRB and await IRB approval. Research subjects may only be enrolled after IRB approval of the Amendment and Certificate of Confidentiality. Please refer to the section on Certificate of Confidentiality in the RSS Policy & Procedure Manual: http://rockford.medicine.uic.edu/Research/research_support_services XII. Recruitment of Subjects A. How will potential subjects be initially identified for this research study? Own Clinical Practice (face to face) Registry or bank (either specimens or data) Records (e.g.: medical, employment, school) Subject responding to flyer or other advertisement Other: specify B. Initial Contact Indicate who will make the initial contact with the potential subjects for the purpose of recruiting them for the research. Principal Investigator Research Coordinator Co-Investigator Other Key Research Personnel – specify: August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 12 of 20 C. Describe how, where, and when subjects will be recruited for the research: D. Recruitment Materials Check all materials that will be used for recruitment. See the COM-R requirements for recruitment materials available on the RSS web site: http://rockford.medicine.uic.edu/Research/research_support_services No recruitment materials will be used Mass Mailing Ad (print) Physician letter Ad (radio-provide script, then tape) Patient letter Ad (TV- provide script, then video) Physician referral Internet – UIC Telephone script (for response to ad) Internet - Other Recruitment script (to aid in consent process) Information sheets (before study) Brochure Information sheets (during study) Flyer E-mail notice Other: specify E. Compensation See the OBFS website for guidelines regarding payment options (for example: cash, gift cards, etc.), regulations and OBFS documentation required for payment to subjects http://www.obfs.uillinois.edu/manual/central_p/sec8-10.html#dd. 1. Will subjects receive any compensation (for example: money, gifts, or gift certificates) before, during, or after participation in the study? NO, please go to number 2. YES, please indicate the type of compensation. (NOTE: This information must be outlined in the consent document.) Monetary (total amount: $ ) Non- Monetary Both a. If compensation will be given, please describe whether it is compensation for travel expenses, for time, for both, or for something else. For travel expense For time For both Other: b. Describe in detail how and when compensation will be provided: c. Will subjects be compensated per session/task and/or will their compensation be pro-rated? No YES, please provide detail regarding the compensation per session/task and/or pro-ration schedule: 2. List what research-related expenses are: August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 13 of 20 a) Provided free: b) Not being covered by the research (e.g., research-related procedures, additional clinic visits, longer hospitalization period or extra tests related to the research). c) Include estimated amounts for any expenses not being covered, if possible: NOTE: This information must also be included in the cost section of the informed consent document. XIII. Procedures to Obtain Informed Consent/Assent Please indicate all of the types of consent processes to be used in the research, and upload to IRBNet all relevant documents with this application. Prospective Written Informed Consent Parental Permission* Waiver of Informed Consent Waiver of Parental Permission* Waiver of Documentation of Consent Assent – Written* Alteration of Consent Assent – Verbal* Waiver of Assent * Submit Appendix B or Appendix V A. Please indicate whether the Principal Investigator will personally perform the consent process, including the documentation of informed consent and/or assent, or whether the PI will retain responsibility for overseeing this process but delegate the authority to perform these duties to others: Only the PI will obtain consent PI and Delegates will obtain consent Only Delegates will obtain consent If the PI will allow delegates to obtain informed consent, please submit a list of individual delegate names, or delegate titles, of who will be designated to obtain consent. These persons must be listed as Key Research Personnel and include a description of the training that these persons will complete prior to their participation in this research. LIST ALL ADDITIONAL KEY RESEARCH PERSONNEL ON APPENDIX P and SUBMIT WITH THIS APPLICATION PACKET. B. Please indicate whether informed consent will be obtained using procedures and documents in a language (i.e. – Spanish, French) or literacy level understandable to the subject and/or the parent, guardian or Legal Adult Representative (LAR). NOTE: A "short form" and translation process may be used when the enrollment of a limited number of non-English speaking subjects could not reasonably have been anticipated and a fully translated consent document is not available. For information about the short form, please refer to the OPRS website at: http://tigger.uic.edu/depts/ovcr/research/protocolreview/irb/index.shtml. Prior IRB approval is required before enrollment of a subject who speaks a language that was not anticipated by the protocol. C. Please identify where and when informed consent will be obtained from potential subjects. August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 14 of 20 D. Please discuss whether there will be any waiting period between informing the prospective subject and obtaining consent, (e.g., does the research require consenting of potential subjects in the ER immediately after diagnosis of an MI or a terminal illness?). XIV. Request for Waiver of Consent, Alteration of Consent, or Waiver of Documentation An IRB may (1) approve a consent process that does not include, or alters, some or all of the elements of informed consent, or (2) the IRB may waive the requirement to obtain written consent (called a waiver of documentation), or (3) the IRB may waive the requirement to obtain informed consent entirely. In order to make these determinations, the IRB must ensure that the Federal requirements (45 CFR 46.116 (d)) for each waiver/alteration criterion are met and justified for the specific research protocol. A. Are you requesting a waiver of informed consent or an alteration of consent under 45 CFR 46.116 (d) for all or part of the research? No YES are you requesting a: Waiver for all of the research Waiver for recruitment purposes An alteration of consent If you are requesting a waiver or alteration of consent, proceed to question B If you are requesting an alteration, also complete question C. If your are not requesting a waiver or alteration, please proceed to question D In order to apply for a waiver or alteration of consent, you must provide protocol specific justification for all four following criteria. A waiver may be requested for the entire study or for only one portion of the research (for example: a waiver of informed consent is requested to identify potential research subjects from medical records, but informed consent is still be required for the later enrollment of the subjects for research participation – called a waiver for recruitment purposes). NOTE: If you are requesting a waiver of consent and accessing PHI, a waiver of authorization is probably also required. B. 1. Please provide a written explanation as to why you believe the proposed research (or portion of the research) will present no more than minimal risk to the subjects who participate: 2. Please explain whether or not a waiver or alteration of informed consent would adversely affect the rights and welfare of subjects: 3. Please explain whether or not it would be possible to conduct this research without a waiver or alteration of informed consent: August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 15 of 20 4. Please explain your plans, when appropriate, for providing any pertinent information to the subjects at a later date (e.g., after their participation in the study): C. If you are requesting an alteration of consent, please describe in detail how you wish to alter the consent process and justify the need for this alteration. Please note: Waiver of consent, alteration of consent, and waiver of documentation are all separate processes. For additional information, please refer to the RSS Policy & Procedure Manual: http://rockford.medicine.uic.edu/Research/research_support_services D. Are you requesting a waiver of documentation of informed consent under 45 CFR 46.117 (c)? No YES, indicate which of the following justifications is being used to request a waiver of documentation and then provide protocol specific justification for the waiver under either criteria: The only record linking the subject and the research would be a signed consent document, The principal risk or harm of the research would be a breach of confidentiality. Each subject will be asked whether they want documentation linking themselves and the research. The subject's wishes will govern. Explanation: The research involves no more than minimal risk or harm to the subject and involves no procedures for which written consent is normally required outside of the research context. Explanation: If documentation of informed consent is waived, the IRB may require the investigator to provide subjects with a written statement regarding the research, which contains all the elements of informed consent. Please provide such a written document for review and label it "Subject Information Sheet." Be sure that the document has a footer with version number and date. XV. Research Funding Is this research funded? No. Go to Section IV. Yes or pending. Complete the rest of this Section (below). Check all of the appropriate boxes for funding sources (including pending sources) for this research. EXTRAMURAL: Government Agency Name: Foundation Name: Non-Profit Entity Name: Industry Sponsor Name: August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 16 of 20 Is this industry-sponsored study investigator initiated? No Yes–for fee schedules and instructions for submitting fees for IRB review of industry- sponsored research refer to the RSS Policy & Procedure Manual. Sub-contract from non-UIC agency or institution- Name: Internal Funding - Name: Other - Name: INTRAMURAL: Campus Research Board (CRB) Departmental Other - Name: Funding Identification: For each funding source, provide the following information and submit a full copy of the grant, contract, and/or sub-contract, including budget sections. Use Appendix Z if this study is supported by more than one funding source. Note: Any subsequent change in funder or funding status requires an IRB amendment. 1. Proposal Approval Form (PAF) Number: 2. Name of the PI on the grant or contract received directly from the sponsor: Is the PI of this grant or contract affiliated with UIC? Yes No, Identify the agency or institution with which the above PI is affiliated: a. Explain the relationship between that agency or institution and UIC: 3. Funding Agency Grant Account Number: Grant, contract or sub-contract pending. (For federally funded research, provide the federal grant/contract number assigned by the funding agency to allow RSS to accurately complete the certification of federal funding document. RSS will provide the certification to the investigator with the approval letter.) 4. Grant, contract or sub-contract title: 5. Is this grant a Master, Training, or Development grant (grants used to train fellows or support the development of other research protocols)? No Yes PLEASE UPLOAD A COPY OF THE GRANT, CONTRACT, and/or SUB-CONTRACT WITH THIS APPLICATION ON IRBNET. XVI. Conflict of Interest (COI) A. Disclosure All investigators must disclose all real, apparent, or potential financial conflicts of interest to the IRB. Investigator is defined as any person responsible for the design, conduct, or reporting of August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 17 of 20 the research. This includes, but is not limited to, the principal investigator, co-investigators, and other key research personnel. Family members include spouse and children. Significant means financial interests in business enterprises or entities that (when aggregated for the individual, spouse, and children) exceed $10,000 or represent more than 5% ownership regardless of dollar value. The $10,000 threshold also applies to salary, royalties, and other payments aggregated for the individual, spouse and children expected over the next 12 months. NOTE: For more information, including examples and definitions, see the Investigator Conflict of Interest Disclosure Policy for Human Subjects section of the RSS Policy & Procedure Manual. 1. Are any investigators, or family members thereof (spouse, children), major officers of, hold a managerial role in, or otherwise have a significant financial relationship with the research sponsor or any subcontract recipient (subcontractee)? No Yes – See B. Management 2. Do any investigators, or family members thereof, have a significant consulting relationship with this sponsor or any subcontractee? No Yes – See B. Management 3. Do any investigators, or family members thereof, have any other relationships, commitments (including assignments of Intellectual Property Rights), activities (including uncompensated activities) or financial/fiduciary interests that present potential or apparent conflicts of interest or commitment with this study, or are there any other potential conflicts of interest with the study? No Yes – See B. Management 4. Does an institutional conflict of interest exist with this study? No Yes – See B. Management B. Management If YES has been checked for any of the above questions, attach a COI Statement of Explanation And Management (SEAM) that describes the conflict and presents a plan for managing the conflict in order to minimize the effect on the design, conduct, or reporting of the research and/or the integrity of the human subject protection program. The COI-SEAM and guidance on how to write the COI- SEAM are available under the "Managing Conflicts" section of the COI website at www.research.uic.edu/conflict. Final IRB approval of the research cannot be provided until a management plan is in place. UIC personnel: For additional assistance contact the COI Office at (312) 996-4070 or email firstname.lastname@example.com. XVII. Additional Reviews Required Reviews beyond that of the IRB may be required for this study. Please indicate which of the reviews below apply to this study. If you have already received review approval documents, please attach. Review Review If YES, check that necessary Required? documents are attached Departmental Review is only required by the IRB if August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 18 of 20 the research must be reviewed by the convened Yes Appendix F is attached Board. Each individual Department may, however, Approval date: require Departmental Review as part of their internal No policy. UIC Cancer Center Review is required prior to submission to the IRB for protocols to be reviewed by Yes Approval is attached the convened Board; protocols eligible for expedited Approval date: review may be submitted simultaneously to the No Cancer Center and IRB www.uic.edu/com/cancer Radiation Safety (RS) reviews laboratory operations regarding the use of radioactive materials, such as Yes Approval is attached radioactive isotopes, and the use of devices that Approval date: produce x-rays, such as research related DEXA No scans. Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) reviews all rDNA and infectious disease protocols at COM=R. Yes Approval is attached Approval date: No Other Yes Approval is attached No Approval date: XVIII. CONTACT INFORMATION Who should be the primary person contacted (for example, Research Coordinator) by RSS if further information about this protocol is needed? This person may be someone other than the PI or other individuals listed as key research personnel (i.e., Administrative Coordinator). Name (Last, First) Title E-mail Address Date Phone Number Fax Number Do you agree to have this research listed on UIC/COM-R research directory (web page)? No Yes -Submit the following: Title: Investigator Name: Three (3) Keywords describing the research: Contact Information for further information (if different from contact information given immediately above): August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 19 of 20 These signatures accepted electronically on IRBNet for study packet. INVESTIGATOR ASSURANCE I certify that the information provided in this application is complete and correct. I understand that as Principal Investigator, I am ultimately responsible for the protection of the rights and welfare of human subjects and the ethical performance of the research. I agree to comply with all applicable UIC policies and procedures, and applicable federal, state and local laws. I also agree to the following: The research will only be performed by qualified personnel as specified in the approved research application and/or protocol, No changes will be made to the research protocol (except when necessary to eliminate apparent immediate hazards to the subject), or the consent process (if one is required) without prior approval by the COM-Rockford IRB, Legally effective informed consent/assent will be obtained from all human subjects, unless this requirement is waived by COM-Rockford IRB, using only the recruitment materials and informed consent/assent documents that have been approved by COM-Rockford IRB. The potential benefits of participation will not be overstated and reasonably anticipated risks will not be minimized. Subjects will be asked open-ended questions to try to ensure adequate comprehension of the information to allow for truly informed consent to participate. Unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or others (including adverse events), other reportable events, and subject complaints will be reported to the COM-Rockford IRB in a timely manner. I certify that I have completed the required educational program on ethical principles and regulatory requirements in Human Subject Protections. I further certify that the proposed research is not currently underway and will not begin until IRB approval has been obtained. Principal Investigator Signature _____________________________________DATE____________________ Name printed: ___ ______________________________________________ FACULTY SPONSOR* ASSURANCE *The faculty sponsor must be a member of the UIC faculty. The faculty member is considered the responsible party for legal and ethical performance of the project. By my signature as sponsor on this research application, I certify that the student, fellow, or resident is knowledgeable about the regulations and policies governing research with human subjects and has sufficient training and experience to conduct this particular study in accord with the approved protocol. In addition, I agree to meet with the investigator on a regular basis to monitor study progress, Should problems arise during the course of the study, I agree to be available, personally, to supervise the investigator in solving them, I will ensure that the Principal Investigator promptly reports unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or others (including adverse events), other reportable events, and subject complaints to the COM-Rockford IRB in a timely manner, If I will be unavailable, as when on sabbatical leave or vacation, I will arrange for an alternate faculty sponsor to assume responsibility during my absence and I will advise the COM-Rockford IRB by letter of such arrangements, and I insure that the investigator has completed the required educational program on ethical principles and regulatory requirements and will complete all required continuing education. I further certify that the proposed research is not currently underway and will not begin until approval has been obtained from all the appropriate committees. I will ensure that the Principal Investigator submits a Final Report upon completion of the research. In the event that the Principal Investigator is unable to do so, I accept the ultimate responsibility for submission of the Final Report closing the research study. Faculty Sponsor Signature_______________________________________Date______________ Name printed: _____ ____________________________________________ DEPARTMENT HEAD* SIGNATURE *If the Department Head is the Principal Investigator or any of the Co-Investigators, the Department Head's superior (for example: Dean), must sign in place of the Department Head. As department head (or signatory official), I acknowledge that this research is in keeping with the standards set by our department and I insure that the Principal Investigator has met all departmental requirements for review and approval of this research. By my signature as department head (or signatory official) on this research application, I certify that the Principal Investigator has the training and expertise to conduct research at UIC and that the research meets the standards of the specific discipline, as well as the standards and guidelines of any relevant professional organizations, societies, or licensing bodies. Department Head Signature_______________________________________________________Date___________ Name printed: ____ ____________________________________________________________ August 2009 Office of the UIC Vice Chancellor of Research 20 of 20
views: | 17 |
posted: | 7/27/2012 |
language: | English |
pages: | 20 |


text:
Art, Meet Google Glass: David Datuna Talks Viewpoint of Billions
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Helmut Lang Among Artists Tapped for Rug Design
The acclaimed New York-based Austrian is among a dozen prominent art world figures whose designs are to be realized by Henzel Studio.
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— Dec 3, 2013
Yi Zhou Designs Suite at Hôtel Lutetia
The room is available for booking until the Parisian palace closes for renovation in spring 2014.
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London's Design Museum Takes a Trip With Paul Smith
The designer opened his major show with a flurry of colored socks, a whole lot of creative clutter — and his indestructible charm.
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Julian Schnabel Retrospective Opens in Greenwich
Benicio Del Toro, Calvin Klein, Nicole Miller, Debbie Harry, Stephanie Seymour and more turned out to the opening on Sunday in Connecticut.
— Nov 11, 2013


text:
I'm moving to OS X as my main OS, but I would still like to play my Windows games virtualized in Parallels.
I was considering the i5 3570 since that has great performance, best value for money (£160)
However I could spend up to £200 on an i7 if it is really worth the money. Would hyperthreading & 8 threads really be worth the extra money in this situation?
How much would it help performance to play my virtualised games, and what VM settings would you use in either case?
My other specs will be:
Nvidia GTX 560 Ti
12gb 1333mhz RAM
Vertex 4 + HDDs for VMs & storage.
i5 vs i7 for Virtualised Gaming
Started by seven_lions, Dec 02 2012 11:59 AM
intel i5 intel i7 virtualisation windows parallels vmware gaming
3 replies to this topic
Posted 02 December 2012 - 11:59 AM
Posted 02 December 2012 - 12:12 PM
get the i5 & spend the extra money on another SSD to dual boot, last time I check VM gaming wasn't much use
Posted 02 December 2012 - 12:38 PM
However I could go that route as well, as long as I could also get that Windows install to boot in a VM too. Its just so awkward dual booting if your main system has lots open. Thanks for the reply
Posted 02 December 2012 - 01:03 PM
Thats pretty impressive.
Parallels has supported this for ages and IHMO it would be a far better setup. You could install windows to an SSD then virtualise it - once you go to an SSD booting from HDDs is just anoying
Parallels has supported this for ages and IHMO it would be a far better setup. You could install windows to an SSD then virtualise it - once you go to an SSD booting from HDDs is just anoying
Also tagged with one or more of these keywords: intel i5, intel i7, virtualisation, windows, parallels, vmware, gaming
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