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Goodwood Festival of Speed
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2008) |
Location | Goodwood House, West Sussex, England |
Time zone | Owner = Charles Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara |
Major events | Goodwood Festival of Speed |
Hillclimb | |
Length | 1.86 km (1.16 mi) |
Turns | 9 |
Lap record | 0:41.6 (Nick Heidfeld, McLaren, 1999) |
Forest Rally Stage | |
Length | 2.5 km (1.5 mi) |
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The Goodwood Festival of Speed, commonly abbreviated as FoS and referred within the United Kingdom as simply the Festival of Speed, is an annual hill climb featuring historic motor racing vehicles that is held in the grounds of Goodwood House, West Sussex, England.
Typically held in late June or early July, the event is scheduled to fit into the motor racing calendar to avoid a date clash with the Formula One season, enabling not just fans but many teams involved in current motor racing championships to attend. Visitors can expect to see cars and motorbikes from over 100 years of worldwide motor racing history climb the hill, including many of the latest F1 machines. Aside from the machines, the event attracts a host of names from the past and present of motor racing, offering a rare chance to see world-famous names driving a wide range of cars.
In its early years, several tens of thousands of visitors attended the Festival over the weekend; in recent times its popularity has grown to attracting daily crowds of around 100,000 visitors over the three days it is now held. The record was in 2003 when a crowd of 158,000 attended, before an advance-ticket-only admission policy came into force; but in 2005, attendance crept back to 150,000 and it is capped at this number today.[1]
The Goodwood Festival of Speed was founded in 1993 by Lord March in order to bring motor racing back to the Goodwood estate — a location steeped in British motor racing history. Shortly after taking over the estate in the early 1990s, Lord March (as he is formally known) wanted to bring back motor racing to Goodwood Circuit, but did not have the necessary permit to host a race there. Therefore, he instead hosted it on his own grounds. With a small selection of entrants made up of invited historic vehicles, the first event that took place on Sunday 13 June proved to be a success, taking in a crowd of 25,000 despite a date clash with the 24 Hours of Le Mans that year. For the following year, the event expanded to two days, and in 1996 added one extra day on Friday. After its date clash for the first event, Lord March would ensure that the event would never be allowed to clash with either Le Mans or Formula One races.
Features and attractions[edit]
Between 2000 and 2004, one of the unique features of the event was the Soapbox Challenge, a downhill race for gravity-powered cars. However, as accidents became frequent, costs of cars became higher, and safety rules became tighter, it did not return in 2005. The specially-built forest stage for rally cars was introduced that year. The other unique feature from 1997 until present is the spectacular Gerry Judah sculpture in front of Goodwood House incorporating rare racecars.
One of the other most popular attractions is the Sunday Times Supercar Run for road-going supercars, which has been running since 2000. It is now common for speciality car manufacturers to show off their latest sports model, including newly released mass-produced sports models and working concept models.
Other popular attractions at the event are the real life replicas of the Wacky Races cars, which serves to provide lunchtime entertainment for the crowds, and the airshows, which usually include the RAF Tornado and Red Arrows, and in 2004 and 2005 a low-flying Boeing 747; a low-flying Airbus A380 appeared at the 2008 event.
For a change of pace, also held is the Cartier Style et Luxe, an auto show which takes place close to the track, similar to the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. Entry is usually by invitation, and this provides some leeway as to which type of vehicle can enter, usually resulting in a more varied event than usual Concours d'Elegance. Unlike most concours shows, the Cartier Style et Luxe is judged by a panel of selected judges consisting of celebrities from all around the world to car designers. Since its beginning, the poster art has been illustrated by renowned motor racing artist Peter Hearsey.
Other factors also make the Festival of Speed unique as a motor sport event. Thanks to the event's classification as a hill climb, its location and desire to reflect the style and history of motor sport, visitors are afforded close views of the action - separated only by a few metres and reinforced straw bales from the track. Visitors are free to walk around several paddocks where the cars and drivers can be seen at close quarters. The atmosphere of the Festival of Speed, when compared to the separation of fans from drivers and machines common to most top end motor sport events, encourages participation by the fans.
The record time for the hillclimb was set in 1999 when Nick Heidfeld drove a McLaren MP4/13 Formula One car up the hill in 41.6 seconds (100.385 mph). For safety reasons Formula One cars are no longer allowed to do official timed runs, and will often focus on demonstrations that are spectacular rather than fast. In 2006 Heikki Kovalainen completed the course in a Renault R25 F1 car and was unofficially timed below 40 seconds.[2]
Other events[edit]
The Festival of Speed has a sister event, the Goodwood Revival Meeting. This event, normally held in early September, relives the glory days of the Goodwood Motor Racing Circuit.
For 2010, an unofficial fourth day was added to the event prior to the opening day. Dubbed the Moving Motor Show, it was added in response to the cancellation of the British International Motor Show aimed exclusively for buyers of new cars, allowing them a chance to test the cars on the course.[3] Following its success, it was announced the MMS would return in 2011.[4]
The 2010 event also included the running of the new McLaren MP4-12C.
There have been two separate fatal accidents at the event.
The first was during its inaugural meeting in 1993, when vintage racing motorcyclist Chas Guy was killed in practice following the completion of the course when his Vincent motorcycle developed a steering wobble known as a tank slapper, throwing the rider into a tree. Since then, motorcycles are not timed for their run.
In 2000, driver John Dawson-Damer lost control of his Lotus 63, and crashed into the finish line gantry, killing himself and marshal Andrew Carpenter. Another marshal, Steve Tarrant, survived but sustained serious injuries to the lower part of his right leg.[5] Since his recovery, despite his disability, he continues to marshal to this day. The gantry has since been made wider.
Car manufacturers honoured with a central display[edit]
This is a list of temporary monuments, all designed by Gerry Judah, erected each year on the lawn in front of Goodwood House for the Festival of Speed:
Year | Photo | Manufacturer | Featured vehicles (on the main display) |
Comment | Source |
1997 | Ferrari | Ferrari F310B | 50th anniversary | [6] | |
1998 | Porsche | Porsche 936/81 Porsche 917-20 "Pink Pig" Porsche 917 LH Porsche 956 Porsche 911 GT1 |
50th anniversary | [6][7] | |
1999 | Audi | Audi Avus quattro Auto Union Type C Streamliner |
Depicts the banking of Avus as if the cars are racing together. The Streamliner is a replica built especially for the display | [6][7][8] | |
2000 | Jaguar | Jaguar E-Type Jaguar XK120 Jaguar C-Type Jaguar D-Type Jaguar XJR-5 Jaguar XJR-8 |
Depicts the cat's cradle. Celebrating its F1 debut | [6][7] | |
2001 | Mercedes-Benz | Mercedes-Benz 300SL | 100th anniversary, resembling a gush of liquid, falling and spreading as it hits the ground. | [6][9] | |
2002 | Renault | Renault RS01 Renault RE40 Renault RE60 Williams FW14 Benetton B195 Williams FW18 Renault R202 |
Honouring its comeback in F1 racing. Depicting a feather | [10] | |
2003 | Ford | Ford GT40 Mk. II | 100th anniversary. Depicting the 1966 24 Hours of Le Mans race and its famous finish. As the actual cars were on track, those displayed are replicas. | [11] | |
2004 | Rolls-Royce | Supermarine S.6 Campbell-Railton Blue Bird Bluebird K4 replica |
100th anniversary, indicating the brand's supremacy in record breaking on land, sea and air | [12] | |
2005 | Honda | Honda RA272 Honda RA300 Lotus 99T Williams FW11 McLaren MP4/4 BAR 006 |
Of them all displayed, three of these including two Hondas, as the genuine cars ran, are replicas. | [13][14] | |
2006 | Renault | Renault Type AK 90CV Renault R26 |
100th anniversary of Grand Prix racing. Used as a shelter for its Formula One cars that is designed to channel sound. Using a laptop, the cars can produce music out of its engine. Two tunes were performed, one of those played is God Save the Queen | [15] | |
2007 | Toyota | Toyota TS010 Toyota Celica GT-Four Toyota GT-One Lola B2/00 Toyota TF107 |
Inspired by the traditional torii gates. Celebrating its 75th anniversary and 50 years involvement in motor sport. | [16][17] | |
2008 | Land Rover | Land Rover Defender Land Rover Discovery Land Rover Freelander Range Rover |
60th anniversary. Indicating the brand's "any terrain" essence. | [18] | |
2009 | Audi | Audi R8 Auto Union Type C Streamliner |
100th anniversary Sculpture depicting the road from the streamliner to the R8 forming a loop in front of the house. | ,[19][19] | |
2010 | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo P2 Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione |
100th anniversary | [20] | |
2011 | Jaguar Cars | Celebrating 50 years of the Jaguar E-Type | |||
2012 | Lotus | Lotus 49 Lotus 79 Lotus 99T Lotus E20 |
'Past, Present and Future' | ||
2013 | Porsche | Porsche 911 Porsche 911 Carrera RS 2.7 Porsche 911 991 |
50th anniversary | [21] |
Hillclimb fastest times[edit]
Year | Driver | Car | Fastest Time |
1999 | Nick Heidfeld | McLaren MP4/13 | 0:41.60 |
... | |||
2010 | Roger Wills | Williams FW05 | 0:47.15 |
2011 | Dan Collins | Lotus 88B | 0:48.52 |
2012 | Anthony Reid | Chevron GT3 | 0:46.46 |
2013 | Grégory Guilvert/ Nick Heidfeld | Peugeot 208 T16/Rebellion Racing Lola Toyota B12/60 | 0:45.86 |
- ^ "History of Festival of Speed". Goodwood.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- ^ "Goodwood". Goodwood. Retrieved 2009-05-30.[dead link]
- ^ Williams, David (2010-04-29). "Goodwood Festival of Speed: Moving Motor Show". telegraph.co.uk (London). Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ "MMS and Auto Trader for 2011". Goodwood.co.uk. 2010-12-09. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- ^ "incidents Mar Goodwood Festival of Speed". Atlas F1. Haymarket Publishing. 2000-06-28.
- ^ a b c d e Walsh, Mick. "Gerry Judah :: Judah's Piece (article)". Judah.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-05-30.[dead link]
- ^ a b c "Festival of Speed Goodwood - Story". Barchetta.cc. 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "DKW & Auto Union in South Africa - DKW". Dyna.co.za. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "Festival of Speed - Archive - 2001 Review - Friday". Goodwood. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "Festival of Speed - Archive - 2002 Review - Friday". Goodwood. 2002-12-07. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "Festival of Speed - Archive - 2003 Review - Friday". Goodwood. 2003-11-07. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ "Festival of Speed, Goodwood 2004". Maserati-alfieri.co.uk. 2004-06-28. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "Honda Worldwide | June 23, 2005 "Honda Main Sponsor at 2005 Goodwood Festival of Speed"". World.honda.com. 2005-06-23. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
- ^ "Bruno's pages : Projects : The Honda Sculpture at Goodwood". Bruno.postle.net. 2005-12-19. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
- ^ "Festival of Speed - Archive - 2006 Review - Friday". Goodwood. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "Celebrating 50 years of Toyota motor sport at the 2007 Goodwood Festival of Speed". Toyota-europe.com. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "Festival of Speed - Archive - 2007 Review - Friday". Goodwood. 2007-06-22. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "Celebrating 60 Years of Land Rover". Charleshurstlandrover.co.uk. 2008-08-03. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ a b "Festival of Speed - Latest News". Goodwood. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "Festival of Speed - Latest News". Goodwood. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goodwood Festival of Speed. |


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I'm a genderqueer correction artist who has a passion for psychology, animation, storyboarding, physiology, bio-mechanics, genetics, and weevils. Feel free to ask me anything!
For those of you looking for my art, follow the "my art" or "nsfw" links above.
Just look at this brat. He looks like he's made of trouble. I really love this take on Sonic
I think this is my favorite of your Sonic works so far. The movement is just perfect and the perspective is so fun. I...

subset: commoncrawl


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NBA.com featured the Timberwolves Top 10 plays from last season on their front page today. Interesting. Maybe some kind of tie-in to the USA team with Kevin Love playing Spain on Sunday on NBA TV. Expect Love does not appear in this highlight.
Anyway, this highlight package gets me pumped for next season and reminds of why I did not want to trade Ryan Hollins.
Spoiler Alert: Top three are all Corey Brewer. Derek Fischer, or any of his fans, may want to look away after No. 2. Please note Fischer face after the play. Awesome.
Topics: Corey Brewer, Derek Fischer, Kevin Love, Ryan Hollins


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Foscam FI8910W Wireless IP Surveillance Camera (Black) $63 + Free Shipping! (eBay Daily Deal)
Last edited by BostonGirl; 09-23-2013 at 09:37 AM..
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PSA: Yahoo email is extremely insecure...switch to Gmail if you can!! Hotmail is better but not as good as Gmail. |
Most just do the front yard and sides and at best spot treat the back, but that's not what is in most contracts. But when you call to complain, what do they say? We did it all. No you didn't, and the cameras show that. |
I have this camera from an earlier SD & while it provides clear pictures & vids, the IR can be buggy to activate - something about the lens not sliding back into place - so you have to continually fight with software or reboot until the lens snap back into the correct IR position.
Last edited by F1Racer; 09-23-2013 at 02:23 PM.. |
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- Peak picking NMR spectral data using non-negative matrix factorization (2014)
- Background: Simple peak-picking algorithms, such as those based on lineshape fitting, perform well when peaks are completely resolved in multidimensional NMR spectra, but often produce wrong intensities and frequencies for overlapping peak clusters. For example, NOESY-type spectra have considerable overlaps leading to significant peak-picking intensity errors, which can result in erroneous structural restraints. Precise frequencies are critical for unambiguous resonance assignments. Results: To alleviate this problem, a more sophisticated peaks decomposition algorithm, based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), was developed. We produce peak shapes from Fourier-transformed NMR spectra. Apart from its main goal of deriving components from spectra and producing peak lists automatically, the NMF approach can also be applied if the positions of some peaks are known a priori, e.g. from consistently referenced spectral dimensions of other experiments. Conclusions: Application of the NMF algorithm to a three-dimensional peak list of the 23 kDa bi-domain section of the RcsD protein (RcsD-ABL-HPt, residues 688-890) as well as to synthetic HSQC data shows that peaks can be picked accurately also in spectral regions with strong overlap.
- Partial Methylation at Am100 in 18S rRNA of Baker's Yeast Reveals Ribosome Heterogeneity on the Level of Eukaryotic rRNA Modification (2014)
- Ribosome heterogeneity is of increasing biological significance and several examples have been described for multicellular and single cells organisms. In here we show for the first time a variation in ribose methylation within the 18S rRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using RNA-cleaving DNAzymes, we could specifically demonstrate that a significant amount of S. cerevisiae ribosomes are not methylated at 2′-O-ribose of A100 residue in the 18S rRNA. Furthermore, using LC-UV-MS/MS of a respective 18S rRNA fragment, we could not only corroborate the partial methylation at A100, but could also quantify the methylated versus non-methylated A100 residue. Here, we exhibit that only 68% of A100 in the 18S rRNA of S.cerevisiae are methylated at 2′-O ribose sugar. Polysomes also contain a similar heterogeneity for methylated Am100, which shows that 40S ribosome subunits with and without Am100 participate in translation. Introduction of a multicopy plasmid containing the corresponding methylation guide snoRNA gene SNR51 led to an increased A100 methylation, suggesting the cellular snR51 level to limit the extent of this modification. Partial rRNA modification demonstrates a new level of ribosome heterogeneity in eukaryotic cells that might have substantial impact on regulation and fine-tuning of the translation process.
- Transforming growth factor β1 genotypes in relation to TGFβ1, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in induced sputum and blood in cystic fibrosis (2013)
- Background. High-producer TGFβ1 genotypes are associated with severe lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF), but studies combining IL-8, TNFα-, and TGFβ1(+genotype) levels and their impact on CF lung disease are scarce. Aim. Assessing the relationship between TGFβ1, IL-8, and TNF-α and lung disease in CF in an exacerbation-free interval. Methods. Twenty four patients delta F508 homozygous (median age 20.5 y, Shwachman score 75, FEV1(%) 83) and 8 controls (median age 27.5 y) were examined. TGFβ1 was assessed in serum and induced sputum (IS) by ELISA, for IL-8 and TNF-α by chemiluminescence in IS and whole blood. Genotyping was performed for TGFβ1 C−509T and T+869C utilizing RFLP. Results. TGFβ1 in IS (CF/controls median 76.5/59.1 pg/mL, P < 0.074) was higher in CF. There was a negative correlation between TGFβ1 in serum and lung function (LF) (FEV1 (r = −0.488, P = 0.025), MEF 25 (r = −0.425, P = 0.055), and VC (r = −0.572, P = 0.007)). Genotypes had no impact on TGFβ1 in IS, serum, and LF. In IS TGFβ1 correlated with IL-8 (r = 0.593, P < 0.007) and TNF-α (r = 0.536, P < 0.018) in patients colonized by bacteria with flagellin. Conclusion. TGFβ1 in serum not in IS correlates with LF. In patients colonized by bacteria with flagellin, TGFβ1 correlates with IL-8 and TNF-α in IS.
- Treatment of invasive fungal infections in cancer patients - updated recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO) (2013)
- The Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO) here presents its updated recommendations for the treatment of documented fungal infections. Invasive fungal infections are a main cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy regimens. In recent years, new antifungal agents have been licensed, and agents already approved have been studied in new indications. The choice of the most appropriate antifungal treatment depends on the fungal species suspected or identified, the patient's risk factors (e.g., length and depth of neutropenia), and the expected side effects. This guideline reviews the clinical studies that served as a basis for the following recommendations. All recommendations including the levels of evidence are summarized in tables to give the reader rapid access to the information.
- Association of a common TLR-6 polymorphism with coronary artery disease – implications for healthy ageing? (2013)
- Background: The pro-inflammatory status of the elderly triggers most of the age-related diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause world wide of morbidity and death, is an inflammatory disease influenced by life-style and genetic host factors. Stimuli such as oxLDL or microbial ligands have been proposed to trigger inflammation leading to atherosclerosis. It has recently been shown that oxLDL activates immune cells via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/6 complex. Several common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TLR system have been associated with atherosclerosis. To investigate the role of TLR-6 we analyzed the association of the TLR-6 SNP Pro249Ser with atherogenesis. Results: Genotyping of two independent groups with CAD, as well as of healthy controls revealed a significant association of the homozygous genotype with a reduced risk for atherosclerosis (odds ratio: 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.95, P = 0.02). In addition, we found a trend towards an association with the risk of restenosis after transluminal coronary angioplasty (odds ratio: 0.53, 95% CI 0.24-1.16, P = 0.12). In addition, first evidence is presented that the frequency of this protective genotype increases in a healthy population with age. Taken together, our results define a role for TLR-6 and its genetic variations in modulating the inflammatory response leading to atherosclerosis. Conclusions: These results may lead to a better risk stratification, and potentially to an improved prophylactic treatment of high-risk populations. Furthermore, the protective effect of this polymorphism may lead to an increase of this genotype in the healthy elderly and may therefore be a novel genetic marker for the well-being during aging.
- Dynamic soil feedbacks on the climate of the mid-Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (2013)
- State-of-the-art general circulation models (GCMs) are tested and challenged by the ability to reproduce paleoclimate key intervals. In order to account for climate changes associated with soil dynamics we have developed a soil scheme, which is asynchronously coupled to a state-of-the-art atmosphere ocean GCM with dynamic vegetation. We test the scheme for conditions representative of a warmer (mid-Holocene, 6 kyr before present, BP) and colder (Last Glacial Maximum, 21 kyr BP) than pre-industrial climate. The computed change of physical soil properties (i.e. albedo, water storage capacity, and soil texture) for these different climates leads to amplified global climate anomalies. Especially regions like the transition zone of desert/savannah and taiga/tundra, exhibit an increased response as a result of the modified soil treatment. In comparison to earlier studies, the inclusion of the soil feedback pushes our model simulations towards the warmer end in the range of mid-Holocene studies and beyond current estimates of global cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum based on PMIP2 (Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 2) studies. The main impact of the interactive soil scheme on the climate response is governed by positive feedbacks, including dynamics of vegetation, snow, sea ice, local water recycling, which might amplify forcing factors ranging from orbital to tectonic timescales.
- Interference with RUNX1/ETO leukemogenic function by cell-penetrating peptides targeting the NHR2 oligomerization domain (2013)
- The leukemia-associated fusion protein RUNX1/ETO is generated by the chromosomal translocation t(8;21) which appears in about 12% of all de novo acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Essential for the oncogenic potential of RUNX1/ETO is the oligomerization of the chimeric fusion protein through the nervy homology region 2 (NHR2) within ETO. In previous studies, we have shown that the intracellular expression of peptides containing the NHR2 domain inhibits RUNX1/ETO oligomerization, thereby preventing cell proliferation and inducing differentiation of RUNX1/ETO transformed cells. Here, we show that introduction of a recombinant TAT-NHR2 fusion polypeptide into the RUNX1/ETO growth-dependent myeloid cell line Kasumi-1 results in decreased cell proliferation and increased numbers of apoptotic cells. This effect was highly specific and mediated by binding the TAT-NHR2 peptide to ETO sequences, as TAT-polypeptides containing the oligomerization domain of BCR did not affect cell proliferation or apoptosis in Kasumi-1 cells. Thus, the selective interference with NHR2-mediated oligomerization by peptides represents a challenging but promising strategy for the inhibition of the leukemogenic potential of RUNX1/ETO in t(8;21)-positive leukemia.
- Functional Abstraction as a Method to Discover Knowledge in Gene Ontologies (2014)
- Computational analyses of functions of gene sets obtained in microarray analyses or by topical database searches are increasingly important in biology. To understand their functions, the sets are usually mapped to Gene Ontology knowledge bases by means of over-representation analysis (ORA). Its result represents the specific knowledge of the functionality of the gene set. However, the specific ontology typically consists of many terms and relationships, hindering the understanding of the 'main story'. We developed a methodology to identify a comprehensibly small number of GO terms as "headlines" of the specific ontology allowing to understand all central aspects of the roles of the involved genes. The Functional Abstraction method finds a set of headlines that is specific enough to cover all details of a specific ontology and is abstract enough for human comprehension. This method exceeds the classical approaches at ORA abstraction and by focusing on information rather than decorrelation of GO terms, it directly targets human comprehension. Functional abstraction provides, with a maximum of certainty, information value, coverage and conciseness, a representation of the biological functions in a gene set plays a role. This is the necessary means to interpret complex Gene Ontology results thus strengthening the role of functional genomics in biomarker and drug discovery.
- Protein signatures of oxidative stress response in a patient specific cell line model for autism (2014)
- BACKGROUND: Known genetic variants can account for 10% to 20% of all cases with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Overlapping cellular pathomechanisms common to neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) and in tissues of peripheral organs, such as immune dysregulation, oxidative stress and dysfunctions in mitochondrial and protein synthesis metabolism, were suggested to support the wide spectrum of ASD on unifying disease phenotype. Here, we studied in patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) how an ASD-specific mutation in ribosomal protein RPL10 (RPL10[H213Q]) generates a distinct protein signature. We compared the RPL10[H213Q] expression pattern to expression patterns derived from unrelated ASD patients without RPL10[H213Q] mutation. In addition, a yeast rpl10 deficiency model served in a proof-of-principle study to test for alterations in protein patterns in response to oxidative stress. METHODS: Protein extracts of LCLs from patients, relatives and controls, as well as diploid yeast cells hemizygous for rpl10, were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentially regulated spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Subsequently, Gene Ontology database (GO)-term enrichment and network analysis was performed to map the identified proteins into cellular pathways. RESULTS: The protein signature generated by RPL10[H213Q] is a functionally related subset of the ASD-specific protein signature, sharing redox-sensitive elements in energy-, protein- and redox-metabolism. In yeast, rpl10 deficiency generates a specific protein signature, harboring components of pathways identified in both the RPL10[H213Q] subjects' and the ASD patients' set. Importantly, the rpl10 deficiency signature is a subset of the signature resulting from response of wild-type yeast to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Redox-sensitive protein signatures mapping into cellular pathways with pathophysiology in ASD have been identified in both LCLs carrying the ASD-specific mutation RPL10[H213Q] and LCLs from ASD patients without this mutation. At pathway levels, this redox-sensitive protein signature has also been identified in a yeast rpl10 deficiency and an oxidative stress model. These observations point to a common molecular pathomechanism in ASD, characterized in our study by dysregulation of redox balance. Importantly, this can be triggered by the known ASD-RPL10[H213Q] mutation or by yet unknown mutations of the ASD cohort that act upstream of RPL10 in differential expression of redox-sensitive proteins.
- Performance of diethylene glycol-based particle counters in the sub-3 nm size range (2013)
- When studying new particle formation, the uncertainty in determining the "true" nucleation rate is considerably reduced when using condensation particle counters (CPCs) capable of measuring concentrations of aerosol particles at sizes close to or even at the critical cluster size (1–2 nm). Recently, CPCs able to reliably detect particles below 2 nm in size and even close to 1 nm became available. Using these instruments, the corrections needed for calculating nucleation rates are substantially reduced compared to scaling the observed formation rate to the nucleation rate at the critical cluster size. However, this improved instrumentation requires a careful characterization of their cut-off size and the shape of the detection efficiency curve because relatively small shifts in the cut-off size can translate into larger relative errors when measuring particles close to the cut-off size. Here we describe the development of two continuous-flow CPCs using diethylene glycol (DEG) as the working fluid. The design is based on two TSI 3776 counters. Several sets of measurements to characterize their performance at different temperature settings were carried out. Furthermore, two mixing-type particle size magnifiers (PSM) A09 from Airmodus were characterized in parallel. One PSM was operated at the highest mixing ratio (1 L min−1 saturator flow), and the other was operated in a scanning mode, where the mixing ratios are changed periodically, resulting in a range of cut-off sizes. The mixing ratios are determined by varying the saturator flow, where the aerosol flow stays constant at 2.5 L min−1. Different test aerosols were generated using a nano-differential mobility analyser (nano-DMA) or a high-resolution DMA, to obtain detection efficiency curves for all four CPCs. One calibration setup included a high-resolution mass spectrometer (APi-TOF) for the determination of the chemical composition of the generated clusters. The lowest cut-off sizes were achieved with negatively charged ammonium sulfate clusters, resulting in cut-offs of 1.4 nm for the laminar flow CPCs and 1.2 and 1.1 nm for the PSMs. A comparison of one of the laminar-flow CPCs and one of the PSMs measuring ambient and laboratory air showed good agreement between the instruments.


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Charlie Sheen has found a new home with Mark Cuban's HDNet channel, although no details have been released so far. In fact, no one knows the format of the show, except perhaps Sheen himself. Personally, I'm hoping for a cooking show.
Cuban launched his channel in 2001 as the first national network to broadcast all of its programming in 1080i high-definition.
Cuban said Sunday a decision of whether to make it a reality show, a talk show or something else will be up to Sheen.
Cuban described Sheen as "somebody that everybody has a whole lot of interest in who is doing some interesting things, to say the least.
Other than that, I can't say a whole lot about it."
It's only one of the ways that Sheen is preparing to cash in on his recent internet fame. Are you ready, for instance, for Charlie Sheen Quotes Ringtones for your Android phone?
Meanwhile, in Lake Buena Vista, Fla., at the Braves-Mets game:
Charlie Sheen Could Have Show On HDNet, Mark Cuban Channel [Huffington Post]
- Beltwayboy - Mar 7, 2011 at 4:18 PM
This is brilliant on both sides and Charlie Sheen may be crazy, but he's no dummy! He will make a lot of money and needs to strike while the irons still hot!
- Jay - Mar 7, 2011 at 5:35 PM
That's what Elin Nordren was doing a few Thanksgivings ago. She was also after Tiger Blood.


text:
Almond Flour Fudge Cake - pic
Almond Flour Fudge Cake
Cake: 4 cups almond flour scooped 16 ounces 2 cups Splenda (liquid equivalent or granular) 1/2 cup Erythritol granular 4 packets Stevia Plus 1/2 cup cocoa - I like the Hershey's Special Dark 2 teaspoons baking powder 2 teaspoons baking soda 1/2-teaspoon salt 1 tablespoons vanilla 1/3-cup oil 4 eggs 1-cup sour cream Frosting: 1/2-cup butter 1 stick room temp 1 large egg room temp 1/3 cup granular Erythritol powdered I use my coffee bean grinder 1/3 cup Splenda 2 packets Stevia Plus 8 ounces cream cheese room temp 1 teaspoons vanilla Preheat oven to 350° Spray a 9x13-inch cake pan with cooking spray. In a large bowl combine dry ingredients and stir well. Beat the eggs with the oil and the vanilla add to the dry ingredients along with the sour cream and mix well. Pour into prepared pan and bake at 350° for 25 to 30 minutes or until toothpick inserted in the middle comes out mostly clean and cake is firm to the touch. Do not over cook cake should still be moist. Remove from the oven to a wire rack and cool completely. To Make Frosting: Beat butter with electric mixer until light and fluffy. Add sweeteners and beat well scraping sides of bowl as needed. Add the egg and beat until very fluffy beat in vanilla. Add softened cream cheese a little bit at a time beating until fluffy after each addition. Frost cake...store in frig. http://i708.photobucket.com/albums/w...ke002Small.png |
I'm definitely making this one!! Thank you for posting your recipe :)
Wow, after I make my Thanksgiving things, I am coming back to this one! That looks terrific!
I've been playing with the idea of poking holes in this cake and spreading the frosting on while it's still hot and letting it seep into the cake. Or maybe doing that with half the frosting and then putting the rest of the frosting on after it cools. I may get really brave and give it a try with the next one.
:::::::::::::SWOON:::::::::::::::::: This looks incredible!!
Boy, does that ever look good Chicken Lady! I have everything I need to make this, will have to do that very soon. Thanks for posting the recipe and especially the picture!
Looks delicious - love that dark color contrast with the white frosting. Wow -you're on a roll lately with your lovely baking, Chicken Lady. :)
WOW!!! I am off of LC sweets till Thanksgiving then the day after I am SO making this!! TY!!
You are On a great LC baking run now GF! HUGS Christina |
Wow, ChickenLady, this is really good. I made half the recipe (to make sure we liked it ;) ) and even DH thought it was good. Thanks!
Thanks for the picture! This looks wonderful!
That sure does look good.
I have a question though: Quote:
Thanks for explaining. I just measure, don't weigh.
This looks wonderful, ChickenLady......
Cake is my weakness, so I'll definitely be making this......I already have leftover LC frosting and all the ingredients for the cake. Thank you so much! B |
Well, Chicken Lady, you made me do it!!:laugh:
Congratulations to you, this is a delicious cake. Here's a couple pics I took - the green on top is granular E with a little green food coloring. http://i50.tinypic.com/6dwn4i.jpg http://i48.tinypic.com/2a0gi9v.jpg http://i47.tinypic.com/11vha3n.jpg |
Thank you...now I know how I'll do my Thanksgiving cake. Is that one frosting recipe or two? |
Thanks, CL.
One frosting recipe, I really beat the heck out of it after each addition of cream cheese to keep it super fluffy. |
WOW! I want a piece now!!
This looks fabulous! A definite to make. Thanks for the recipe.
*thud* :notwrthy::notwrthy::notwrthy: *drools* :notwrthy::notwrthy::notwrthy: |
Any idea what the carb content is on this?
I made this tonight....twice!!! The 1st one had a little bit of an accident on the way down to the basement frig :annoyed: My cat scared the CRAP out of me and :eek: , there went the cake!!!
It looked so dang good, I went back upstairs and made another one!! This will sure be one recipee to remember!! :rofl: |
OMG Wishbone, I feel so bad that happened to you!:( What a trooper you are though to go back and make another one! Hope you have a Happy Thanksgiving and that you enjoy the cake! Bad Cat, Bad Cat :down: |
All times are GMT -7. The time now is 01:46 PM. |


text:
LA Progressive
Progressive Media Advocates
Jim Hightower: What we have here is the emergence of a full-fledged monster – a Border-Industrial Complex pushing a permanent, ever-expanding border war.
Lee Fang: It should be no surprise that Walker's radicalism is boosted by Bradley money. Today, the Bradley Foundation is controlled by a group of establishment Republicans, along with Washington Post columnist George Will.


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Instant reading. Hardened stainless steel body for prolonged tool life. Switches from inches to millimeters with the touch of a button. Range of 0-6 inch/0-150mm. Accuracy +/0.001inch/0.02mm. Resolution: 0.0005 inch/0.01mm. Large easy to read numbers. Adjusts to zero at any position. Measures internal, external, depth and step dimensions. Jaw depth measures about one and one half inch outside and five eights inch inside. Lock holds slide in position for measuring constants.One replaceable 1.55 volt type SR44W silver oxide battery included. Low battery indicator. Fitted plastic storage case.


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Prep Time:
Cook Time:
20 mins
40 mins
Cornish pasties originated as portable lunches for tin miners, fishermen and farmers to take to work. Housewives used to make one for each member of the household and mark their initials on one end of the pasty. These complete-meal pasties, which vary slightly in content in different parts of Cornwall, were popular in other parts of the country too. In Bedfordshire, for instance, they put fruit in one end of the pasty, for dessert; these were called "Bedfordshire Clangers." A prime cut of meat, such as rump, is often used in Cornwall for the pasties but, because of the high price of rump, you can use blade. - From britannia.com
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Serving Size: 1 (248 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 4


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Logitech G35, worth €100? (self.hardware)
submitted 1 year ago by JeremyG
Just a quick question, I thought you guys could answer it.
[–]Mahmutti 6 points7 points8 points 1 year ago
If you want good sound quality, you'll be better off if you stay away from gaming stuff (they're generally VERY overpriced) and look at some brands that focus on audio stuff only.
I've heard a lot of people say that Superlux make great headsets for a low price. Supposedly their HD681 have better sound quality than the G35 at about a third of the price, but the HD681 lacks a microphone. To solve that problem, you could get an attachable mic like the Antlion Modmic, I use one on my Sennheiser HD650s and I don't really have anything bad to say about it.
http://www.head-fi.org/ is a pretty good site for information about headphones, although they tend to focus more on the high-end stuff.
[–]JeremyG[S] -3 points-2 points-1 points 1 year ago
Sound quality isn't a huge deal for me, so I guess I'm fine?
[–]seg-fault 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago
Then what feature DO you want in an audio product...because you sure as hell don't need to spend 100 euros to get a headset with a microphone. I don't own a pair of G35s, so I can't say for certain, but they don't look very comfortable.
Other people are recommending wireless, but I would recommend against it personally if you cannot use them while they charge (look into that yourself).
Are you on a desktop or laptop?
[–]JeremyG[S] -2 points-1 points0 points 1 year ago
I'm on a desktop.
The biggest part of my consideration was getting a headset. With decent quality, noise cancellation and surround sound. I've already been told that the quality of the g35 is not quite as decent, and have been recommended the wireless version, which actually seems to be quite a lot better.
[–]db_mew 3 points4 points5 points 1 year ago
I recently considered the G35, but after doing some research I found that the general consensus among audiophiles is that surround sound is bullshit and that you should rather invest in a high quality pair of stereo headphones.
I checked that guide after reading various discussions and ended up buying the Beyerdynamic DT-990 Pro for 150 euros.
[–]ssfsx17 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago
I have one. The answer is no.
[–]Humanitarian86 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
I don't own a pair but my friend does and they are really nice headsets for gaming/general use. Is it worth it? Well that's entirely up to you, I would argue that they are (Just), but that's my personal opinion.
[–]JeremyG[S] 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
Alright, thanks for the response. I've seen many positive reviews aswell, so I think I'm going to get this one.
Quick question though, how is the bass on them?
[–]Sangui 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
It's good, but they are a headset, so it's gonna be worse than a 100 euro pair of Sennheiser's or something, but the bass does sound pretty good.
I would say it's pretty beefy and we listen to a lot of wubwub and games with explosions everywhere. overall audio quality isn't the best, but I'm by no means an audiophile so I'd check out review sites for comparisons if sound quality is paramount. Build quality and comfort is excellent, as soon as my headset bites the dust I'll be upgrading to this headset or one of it's predecessors
[–]dydxexisex 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
No. It's not wireless, sound quality is not that good, 7.1 surround can be had for cheaper.
Only the 930 is worth it.
Hm, thanks for the recommendation of a g930. I looked up some reviews and found a lot more positivity. It's a bit more pricey, but I'm strongly considering it.
I know the g930 was about $70 on Amazon during cyber Monday. If you wait a bit til Christmas, it might come back down again.
I won't be home during christmas, so that's out of the question. Eh, in my opinion, the price is fine how it is now anyway.
[–]Drpoppler 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
I have the g930 the wireless version and i got it for a 100 dollars on a boxing day sale last year online at bestbuy.ca Wait and im sure you can get the wireless version for same price or relatively close to it.
And they SOUND AMAZING! I love them and they are wireless, when i am in the zone i doesnt even feel like i am wearing them they are so comfy!!!! The microphone is awesome as well.
Really the only problem i have ever ran in to with them is the shittie ass software, but it seems the latest has been doing well and correctly turning on the surround sound and extra bass w/e its called.
All in all BUY THEM MAN ITS WORTH IT!!! YOUR EARS WILL LOVE YOU!!!!!!
You seem a bit overexcited.
You seem way under excited, go have some fun. get out of the basement see the light! its not bad trust me!
...It's dark outside at this moment :(
oh....I am sorry but hey at least there is light from your computer screen!!!!
[–]Admiral435x 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
While I can't comment on the G35, I'll put my 2 cents in for the 930 since they're relatively similar.
I had the 930 for about a week or so before I returned them back to Amazon. I found them relatively uncomfortable, particularly below my ears where the jaw bone is. I had to momentarily remove them every 20 minutes or so because it was just too uncomfortable for me.
The sound quality is fairly nice coming for 2.0 headset. The noise cancellation worked very nicely, but I hated the muffled sound of my own voice whenever I talked. I also experienced issues with sound cutting out (programs such as Skype and Mumble) about once every 5 minutes or so (both wired and wireless).
They are nice headsets, but it wasn't for me.
[–]techrat 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago
The bass is fantastic. The surround sound location awareness in games is superb. My son bought and expensive set of seinheisers and they don't sound as nice as my G35's.
[–][deleted] -2 points-1 points0 points 1 year ago
No. "Gaming" gear is crap, Logitech products doubly so. If you don't care about your hardware being poorly-made but well supported, buy Logitech. If you're someone without an old pair to use as backups while you post it off to get it replaced, then buy something else. Especially since it'll likely be better audio quality at the same price point.
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OCR for page 76
R&D in the Framework of the
New Transatlantic Agenda
Kenneth Flamm, Moderator
Brookings Institution
In setting the stage for the session Dr. Flamm said that the semiconductor
industry's conversion from the 200-mm wafer to 300 mm raised not only interest-
ing technical issues but also important organizational and cultural issues for the
Some might argue that the I300I initiative represents the first international
effort to develop cooperatively a new equipment set for semiconductor produc-
tion. Dr. Flamm said that usually a single company in the industry "bites the
bullet," invests in new equipment, and debugs it at its own facility. The very large
scale integration (VLSI) project in Japan in the 1970s was, however, an early
example of cooperation in equipment development and deployment. The VLSI
project did not deal with the entire suite of semiconductor production equipment,
as I300I seeks to, but did address a large portion of it. It would be hard to dispute
the notion, said Dr. Flamm, that the VLSI project contributed greatly to Japan's
market dominance in semiconductors in the 1980s. One issue to consider in think-
ing about I300I is how unique cooperation in semiconductor equipment develop-
ment really is.
Nonetheless, Dr. Flamm said that the I300I effort is the first truly interna-
tional and formally organized enterprise on joint standards and tool development.
The international element makes I300I distinctive and, Dr. Flamm hoped, a sub-
ject worthy of vigorous discussion.
Among the issues that I300I raises are:
Economic fundamentals. As Gordon Moore pointed out in a prior session,
it cost $200 million to $300 million in the 1980s to build a fabrication
facility. Currently that figure is in the $1.5 billion neighborhood, making
OCR for page 76
it "extraordinarily expensive to do anything in the industry." Rising costs
and risks make alliances and cooperation attractive options and looking to
international partners becomes a strategy to consider seriously.
· Cooperation versus competition. This issue is paramount to the I300I
project. On the one hand, the semiconductor industry has always been
very competitive, and this has driven innovation. On the other hand, coop-
eration looks increasingly attractive as fabrication costs continue to rise.
Dr. Flamm noted an interesting pattern with respect to cooperation. Coop-
eration in the semiconductor industry was pioneered by the Japanese with
the VLSI project in the 1970s. The ensuing Japanese success resulted in a
U.S. cooperative response in the 1980s, namely SEMATECH.
SEMATECH was largely a process of experimenting with the right orga-
nizational approach to make cooperation work in a U.S. setting. Just as
SEMATECH was winding down as a government-industry collaboration
in the 1990s, Japan, inspired by its apparent success, embarked on a new
round of cooperative programs, such as Semiconductor Leading Edge
Technology (SELETE), to develop tools to build 300-mm wafers, and the
Association of Super-Advanced Electronics Technologies (ASET).
Cooperation and competition across international boundaries. Dr. Flamm
recalled negotiations between the United States and Japan on the Semi-
conductor Trade Agreement in the early 1990s during which Japanese
negotiators argued that national boundaries were no longer relevant. The
concept of borders was an "atavistic anachronism that we [the United
States] had to free ourselves from." The irony today is that Japan's new
cooperative efforts, such as SELETE and ASET, are basically exclusive
programs for Japanese firms. In contrast, with the I300I enterprise,
SEMATECH has pioneered the idea of "international technology policy
cooperation," and SEMATECH has even considered allowing foreign
firms into the consortium.
The crux of the national policy problem, Dr. Flamm said, is a tradeoff be-
tween technology diffusion and national advantage. Cooperation in certain areas
can push the technology frontier forward at a faster pace for everyone. If that is
done, however, the notion of national advantage in the control of a technology is
set aside. This tradeoff could become more evident in I300I, and it has become an
issue in the United States in the controversy over the extreme ultraviolet lithogra-
phy consortium, an effort by several U.S. companies to use technology generated
by U.S. national labs in conjunction with Japanese companies to advance lithog-
raphy technology. In concluding, Dr. Flamm recalled from his experience at the
U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) the attitude toward foreign suppliers. He said
that DOD operated under three unwritten rules in considering work with foreign
· Monopoly. DOD did not want a key component monopolized by a firm
OCR for page 76
from one country. If there was a diverse source of suppliers around the
globe, DOD saw little problem with using foreign suppliers.
· Plausible threat of supply cutoff. If a choice was made to use a single
foreign supplier or a set of foreign suppliers, is there a plausible threat of
being deprived of a key component? If such a threat existed, DOD would
prefer not to use foreign suppliers.
Technical advantage. In some cases, DOD wants to be better than anyone
else in a certain technical area but realizes that it cannot be the best in all
areas. When the DOD wants strategic superiority in a technical area, it
might prefer a U.S. supplier. If that is not the case, it might welcome
cooperation with international partners.
In turning the program over to William Spencer of SEMATECH, Dr. Flamm
observed that business may have a similar set of "unwritten rules" when consid-
ering whether to engage in international cooperation.
William Spencer
Dr. Spencer said that his remarks would focus mainly on the process of bring-
ing the I300I program together, as opposed to the technical details of the conver-
sion from a 200-mm wafer standard to a 300-mm standard. He agreed with Dr.
Flamm that the I300I initiative represents a unique form of international collabo-
ration, and Dr. Spencer emphasized that the collaboration was on technology, not
basic science. I300I is a bottom-up initiative of private companies and receives
no funding from any government. Dr. Spencer also noted that I300I focuses on
precompetitive technology for member firms, although what is precompetitive
for Gordon Moore at Intel is very competitive for a semiconductor manufacturing
equipment supplier such as John Shamaly at the Silicon Valley Group.
Lessons from SEMATECH
In developing I300I, which is a separate subsidiary of SEMATECH, man-
agement decided to stay away from intellectual property issues. This was a lesson
from SEMATECH, which has filed relatively few patents in its 10 years of exist-
ence and has no trade secrets. The movement of people has been an important
contributor to SEMATECH's success; SEMATECH has over 200 member-com-
pany employees, known as assignees, in its work force. For I300I about 50 em-
ployees from member firms are assigned to the project. Using people as the main
tool for technology transfer will be as prominent in I300I as it has been in
OCR for page 76
Importance of the Semiconductor Industry
Dr. Spencer then turned to the topic of semiconductors in everyday life and
observed that he would cover some of the same ground that Gordon Moore had in
a prior session. The typical automobile today contains more computing power
than the lunar module that landed on the moon nearly 30 years ago. Early com-
munications satellites, a technology Dr. Spencer worked on, had approximately
2,000 transistors and orbited about 100 miles above earth. Today, communica-
tions satellites orbit at 200 times the distance and contain roughly 100 times the
number of integrated circuits as the first satellites had transistors. The technology
that enables these advances is the semiconductor. The semiconductor industry
supports a worldwide electronics industry whose sales are approximately $1 tril-
lion, with 15 to 20 percent of that being semiconductor sales. Over time, sales in
the semiconductor industry have grown rapidly, as the performance of devices
has improved. In addition to the growth of semiconductor industry sales, the
equipment and materials firms that support the semiconductor industry have
grown quickly.
Dr. Spencer stressed two points about the future growth of the industry. First,
if the semiconductor industry is to adhere to the pattern of making things "faster,
smaller, and cheaper," technology in the semiconductor equipment sector must
advance. About 75 percent of future improvement in device functionality would
come from better manufacturing equipment, with the remaining improvement
coming from changes in the structure of the transistor and other design advances.
Second, future growth would depend on transition to a 300-mm wafer, but the
slump in industry sales beginning in 1996 and continuing through 1998 has af-
fected the I300I initiative. There are fewer resources available for wafer conver-
sion. Even with the current slump, long-term growth in the industry is expected to
be 15 percent, approximately the historic growth rate.
Conversion to 300-mm Wafers
In discussing the change from 200- to 300-mm wafers, Dr. Spencer stressed
the improvements in functionality of the semiconductor. In terms of cost per func-
tion, the semiconductor industry has been advancing at a rate of 25 to 30 percent
per year for the past 30 years. That is, the combination of more circuits per chip
and less expensive chips has yielded productivity improvements approaching 30
percent per year for 30 years. Important drivers to this productivity have been
larger wafers and better interconnection technology between circuits.
When the industry retooled for 200-mm wafers, moving from 150 mm, one
U.S. firm purchased the full suite of tools for 200-mm fabrication and paid for
much of the tool development. When it was suggested to that company that it do
the same thing for conversion to 300 mm, the response was emphatically negative
because of the huge cost of doing so. In fact, continued Dr. Spencer, it has been
OCR for page 76
estimated that the industry-wide cost of converting to 300-mm wafers is between
$10 billion and $20 billion. This does not include the $2 billion cost for building
a single fabrication facility. Dr. Spencer also remarked that the United States is
currently dependent on either European or Japanese suppliers for the silicon wa-
fers from which semiconductor devices are fabricated.
National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
An important part of the I300I cooperative process is the industry's main
planning tool the National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS).
The NTRS was first published in 1994 and has been updated every two years
since. Dr. Spencer observed two recent important developments with respect to
the roadmap: (1) it will become international in 1999 as engineers from all over
the world will be asked to participate and (2) it will be updated on an ongoing
basis; as technology changes, the roadmap will be revised, with revisions avail-
able on-line (already, the NTRS is available on the World Wide Web at http://
www.sematech.org). The roadmap does not propose technical solutions but speci-
fies capabilities that the industry must meet and the time by which they must be
met, for historical productivity rates to continue.
Issues in the Conversion to I300I
Conditions in the world economy and the semiconductor industry have
caused a delay in attaining 300-mm goals. The initial goal, which was widely
publicized, called for a 300-mm pilot line to be completed by 1998, using 180-nm
line widths on chips. However, the semiconductor industry has had a year of
unexpectedly poor sales, largely because of the Asian economic crisis. Combined
with the overcapacity among chip makers, there has been a glut of dynamic ran-
dom access memories (DRAMs) and a drop in prices that has squeezed profits.
Dr. Spencer noted that as of early June 1998 the price on the spot market for 16-
megabyte DRAMS was $1, whereas the price for 64-megabyte DRAMS was $6;
both levels are below production costs. Such tough economic conditions in the
industry have caused a delay in investments to convert to 300 mm.
The problems have created repercussions for semiconductor equipment
manufacturers. The equipment makers were trying to meet the 1998 deadline and
indeed were anxious to do so to have their equipment adopted widely in fabrica-
tion facilities. Now, instead of a 1998 deadline for 300-mm wafers using 180-nm
line widths, equipment manufacturers are being told that the deadline is 2001,
with 150-nm technology instead. This makes investment planning very difficult
for equipment makers, and further delays could negatively impact the finances of
semiconductor equipment firms.
OCR for page 76
The I300I Project
Members of I300I are Hyundai, Philips, STMicroelectronics, Siemens AG,
and the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation. Dr. Spencer said that
the Asian financial crisis has prompted two Korean firms not to participate in
I300I. The reason the U.S. semiconductor industry has sought international coop-
eration, Dr. Spencer continued, is because the business is global. Any semicon-
ductor company must be able to build a factory anywhere in the world and draw
on equipment vendors worldwide. In fact, much of the equipment for 300-mm
production will come from European and Japanese firms. If an equipment firm
involved in I300I were to be prohibited from selling globally, it could not be a
true leader in the industry, and it would not have the resources to invest in re-
search and development.
When I300I was being formed, every semiconductor company in the world
was invited to participate, from Europe, to Japan, to Korea, Singapore, and Tai-
wan. Japanese firms declined to participate, so there are two parallel I300I efforts
in the world. The Japanese effort, called SELETE, includes 10 of Japan's largest
semiconductor firms.
Keys to Success
Dr. Spencer listed a number of organizational and technical factors that will
be crucial to I300I's success.
Member companies send assignees either to I300I's headquarters in Austin,
Texas, or to facilities of equipment manufacturers for tool development. Some of
the best engineering talent resides at equipment manufacturers, and it makes sense
to develop and debug equipment with the engineers of equipment manufacturers.
This is distinct from the Japanese approach to 300-mm conversion, which has a
more centralized structure.
At one time it looked as if there would be two sets of standards for 300-mm
development. It was a major accomplishment of the I300I project, working with
the Semiconductor Equipment Manufacturers Institute, to reach agreement with
Japan on a single set of standards. Among the many standards to be settled are
flatness, alignment, and impurities.
OCR for page 76
Automated Materials Handling
Unprocessed wafers are expensive, about $1,000 to $1,200 each, and with
integrated circuits on them they are even more valuable. Twenty-five 300-mm
wafers with Intel processors etched on them are worth $1 million. It is therefore
important to automate the handling of wafers to prevent costly breakage.
The I300I project must develop a 300-mm process technology that is initially
no more than 20 percent more expensive than 200-mm technology. Otherwise,
the conversion to 300 mm is not worth it for the industry. This cost target must be
met across more than 200 pieces of equipment.
Return on Investment
Participating companies must receive a return on investment of about two to
three times what they invest in I300I. Meeting that goal will require getting the
best people from member companies as assignees. Dr. Spencer recalled that
SEMATECH had problems in its early days in recruiting people from member
companies to serve as assignees. That situation is now reversed, as SEMATECH
usually has many more applicants than slots for assignees and, moreover, re-
serves the right to send substandard assignees back to the member companies.
Such practice will be carried forward in the I300I project.
In conclusion, Dr. Spencer said that SEMATECH and I300I have shown that
fierce competitors can come together to cooperate on precompetitive technolo-
gies. It requires a commitment of resources, people, and time, but such coopera-
tion also promises large payoffs.
John Shamaly
Silicon Valley Group, Inc.
Mr. Shamaly began his comments by observing that the I300I project is about
productivity for the semiconductor industry. A simple calculation shows that,
with the same throughput of wafers, switching from 200- to 300-mm wafers would
increases productivity by 2.25 times. In conjunction with shrinking line widths,
in accordance with Moore's law, productivity would grow even more. Finally,
the Silicon Valley Group (SVG) sees improvements in step-and-scan technology
as fueling additional productivity advances. Together, Mr. Shamaly said that these
technological changes could increase industry productivity by 10 times in the
next five to seven years. He observed that the demand for chips would have to
OCR for page 76
keep pace with these changes to support the sales of semiconductor manufactur-
ing equipment, which in turn fund tool development.
With respect to cooperation, Mr. Shamaly said that, as a manufacturer of
automated wafer processing equipment, SVG serves a worldwide market and
thus favors global cooperation when appropriate. There are guidelines that SVG
follows in considering cooperation with other firms:
· adherence to U.S. government regulations with respect to cooperation with
foreign firms;
· keeping its obligation to stockholders and employees, namely, to earn
enough profits to maintain or increase employment at SVG, while stock-
holders receive a good return on their investment; and
maintaining competitiveness for SVG and the entire equipment industry.
Increased cooperation, along with productivity increases in the semicon-
ductor equipment sector, may limit the size of the world market. Much
depends on the ability of worldwide demand for semiconductors to keep
pace with productivity improvements.
In summary, Mr. Shamaly said that SVG favors cooperation in principle and
recognizes its potential benefits. However, SVG is concerned about overcapacity
in the industry and the negative economic consequences it has in the form of low
chip prices. As with other productivity-enhancing efforts in the industry, Mr.
Shamaly concluded, international cooperation must take place in the context of
growing chip demand.
Robert Hance
Mr. Hance said that his remarks would focus on another collaborative effort
in the industry, specifically one that is designed to address materials issues in
semiconductor fabrication. Before discussing this, Mr. Hance noted that Motorola
is a member of I300I, continues to participate in SEMATECH, and has benefited
from its participation in both consortia.
As the semiconductor industry switches to 300-mm wafers, Mr. Hance said,
there is also the challenge of improving the materials that go into semiconductor
fabrication. To address this challenge, the European Commuission has founded a
consortium called the Hector 300-mm Project, which stands for High Epsilon
Materials Cluster Tool for Optimized Rapid Deposition of stacked capacitors on
300-mm wafers. The Hector 300-mm Project is managed by Directorate General
III (DG III) and related to the European Union's information technology research
and development program, ESPRIT. In effect, this effort adds value to the 300-
mm conversion project by making sure that appropriate materials are available by
the time 300-mm manufacturing processes are on-line. Any time a change in
OCR for page 76
wafer size is made in the industry, Mr. Hance said, new materials must be devel-
oped to mirror new manufacturing processes.
Motorola is able to participate in this European consortium because of its
manufacturing plants in Europe. The consortium began operation in March 1998,
is expected to last 28 months, and will receive 10 million ecu, or $11 million
(U.S.), from DO III. The members of the consortium are Aixtron, ASM Lithogra-
phy, Steag-AST, Siemens, Motorola, Lucent, Austria Mikro Systeme, the
Fraunhofer Institutes, and RC Juelich.
In concluding, Mr. Hance stated that the European effort was in tackling
300-mm issues at the "module" level rather than the global level at which I300I
operates. Both efforts are necessary for the industry to take full advantage of the
switch to semiconductor fabrication on 300-mm wafers.
Michael Borrus
University of California at Berkeley
Because the prior discussants, in addition to William Spencer, put so much
content on the table in terms of international collaboration, Mr. Borrus said that
he would concentrate on the context of international collaboration. Cross-border
collaboration is not only useful for promoting innovation but increasingly essen-
tial as the economy becomes more global. International collaboration is part of a
nascent effort to globalize the innovation process. Mr. Borrus said that he would
discuss three reasons for the growing globalization of the innovation process.
The Growing Cost and Risk of Innovation
Growing costs and risks were mentioned by Dr. Flamm and Dr. Spencer and
are part of what Mr. Borrus termed the Business Week image of innovation. That
is, the need for quick time to market within firms, narrow market windows, and
costly research and development (R&D) creates incentives to look worldwide for
partners to meet these challenges. In this view we have a borderless world in
which multinational firms work together to push the frontiers of innovation.
Increasing Specialization of Technical Skills
A consequence of the globalization of innovation has been that regions main-
tain and strengthen their hold on unique technical skills. Mr. Borrus recalled an
anecdote regarding the sale by the American conglomerate ITT of its German
subsidiary Standard Electric Lorenz (SEL) to the French company Alcatel. Mr.
Borrus asked a German friend if there was any worry over the sale; his friend
responded that "SEL was German when it was American and will be German
when it is French." The story underscores how a company or a region's innova
OCR for page 76
live character is "sticky"; it is embedded in the people, the network of suppliers,
and local institutions (such as universities) in a particular region.
Mr. Borrus continued by identifying areas in which such "stickiness" is ap-
parent. Precision engineering skills reside largely in Europe and Singapore; cer-
tain materials technology thrives in Japan and Europe; software development and
chip design are very strong in the United States. Such global exploitation of know-
how results in certain places being the home for certain types of know-how. For
this perspective on innovation to take hold, cross-border collaboration is essen-
Mr. Borrus emphasized that in this image of innovation international col-
laboration does not result in greater diffusion of technology but greater special-
ization of skills in specific regions. This suggests that further globalization will
increase specialization and product differentiation, not result in more homogeni-
zation. If this is true, the tradeoff between global benefits of collaboration versus
national economic advantage, raised earlier by Dr. Flamm, is a false one. We can,
argued Mr. Borrus, increase the rate of innovation while reinforcing national ad-
vantages in areas of specialization.
Standard Setting and Local Reinvestment
Mr. Borrus argued that the launch market for an innovative new product is
typically local, and that if such a product sets an industry-wide standard, the local
economy benefits. When a product becomes a standard, additional investment in
a specific region results as production volumes grow and as a network of support-
ing industries and suppliers grows. The products of companies such as Microsoft
and Intel in the United States and SAP, Nokia, and Ericsson in Europe are ex-
With half of the world's economy in North America and Europe and with an
even greater share of high-technology markets, U.S.-European cooperation is a
way to ensure that standards for new high-technology goods are set by Europe
and the United States. The economic benefits of standards setting will, said Mr.
Borrus, then accrue to the United States and Europe.
In summing up, Mr. Borrus reiterated the essential role that U.S.-European
collaboration must play to commercialize products and reap the fruits of R&D
and innovation. There is, however, political resistance to this idea in some quar-
ters in the United States. He noted the opposition among some members of Con-
gress to the participation of foreign companies in the extreme ultraviolet lithogra-
phy consortium. If there are balanced contributions from both sides of the Atlantic
in cooperative projects, Mr. Borrus said that such political problems can be
avoided. In the end, U.S.-European cooperation constitutes a huge opportunity
for both regions to capture substantial economic benefits in high-technology mar-
OCR for page 76
William Spencer commented on John Shamaly's account of the Hector 300-
mm Project by observing that there is a substantial amount of government sup-
port for small semiconductor equipment companies outside the United States. He
noted that such governmental financial support for small equipment companies
does not exist in the United States, and this could eventually hurt the U.S. market
share in this sector.
Kenneth Flamm responded to Mr. Borrus's points about a tradeoff between
global technological benefits and national economic advantage by agreeing that
there were cases in which there was no such tradeoff. Dr. Flamm argued, how-
ever, that it is an empirical question as to whether the tradeoff generally does or
does not exist. Efforts to convert to 300-mm wafers are an example. Japan has
decided to have an exclusive 300-mm conversion project, apparently hoping to
reap the economic benefits in the manufacturing equipment sector. Semiconduc-
tor device makers in the United States and Europe have agreed in I300I to move
equipment development forward based on common interests and to compete in
the market for devices.
Dr. Flamm also raised a question about intellectual property. Even though
Europe has accelerated its economic and political unification and even though the
European Union (KU) has a common patent agency, Europe still does not have a
single forum for litigation of patent disputes. Dr. Flamm solicited input from the
audience as to whether his understanding was correct about the status of dealing
with patent disputes in Europe.
In response, Dr. Jorma Routti, Director General of DO XII of the European
Commission, acknowledged a need for harmonization between the United States
and Europe on patent law in the context of the World Intellectual Property Orga-
nization. This, however, was outside the scope of the U.S.-EU science and tech-
nology agreement. Dr. Routti expressed the hope that patent law would encour-
age the publication and dissemination of scientific research and preserve the ethic
Ot openness In scenic Inquiry.
Dr. Routti also inquired about the balance of software and hardware develop-
ment in the development of semiconductor devices such as integrated circuits.
Specifically, he wondered whether there was a software or hardware tradeoff or a
proper balance between the two that researchers or policymakers should explore.
Dr. Spencer responded by describing the resource tradeoffs that semiconduc-
tor makers face in developing products. They can put money into the develop-
ment of competitive products or into manufacturing processes and tool develop-
ment. Companies must, of course, fund some of both activities, but the purpose of
projects such as SEMATECH and I300I is to allow companies to minimize funds
for the latter. This is why process and tool development efforts are known as
"precompetitive" projects. The result is relatively more funds available for chip
design, which is the main area in which semiconductor companies compete. Such
OCR for page 76
design activity encompasses development of software and hardware applications
for the chip, and individual companies will place different emphases on each
element, depending on their design approaches. This, in fact, is very much a
competitive and proprietary issue for semiconductor companies.
Alan Tonelson of the U.S. Business and Industrial Council Educational Foun-
dation asked Mr. Borrus about the tradeoff between global technology dissemina-
tion and national economic advantage. Mr. Tonelson wondered in particular
whether this work contradicted earlier work of Mr. Borrus and his colleagues at
the Berkeley Roundtable, which argued that there has been a convergence of
manufacturing capabilities in Asia. Mr. Tonelson suggested that there has been
an "electronics traffic jam" in Asia whereby too many countries have been mak-
ing too many of the same electronic goods such as DRAM chips. Such overca-
pacity in electronics manufacturing, said Mr. Tonelson, may be at the root of the
· · ^- . . .
Aslan ~lnancla. . cnsls.
Mr. Borrus responded by noting that, whereas collapsing DRAM prices may
have contributed to financial problems in Korea, it would be very difficult to
assign a causal link between falling DRAM prices and the general economic
crisis in Asia. Moreover, Asia does have a well-defined division of labor that
supports the notion that a homogenization of technical tasks is not occurring. Mr.
Borrus cited software development in Bangalore, process know-how in Singapore,
and digital design in Taiwan as examples of Asia's division of labor.


text:
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Press Release
For Immediate Lacrosse – UVU Lacrosse
Orem, UT (June 28, 2013) – The Rocky Mountain Lacrosse Conference (RMLC) and the Mens Collegiate Lacrosse Association (MCLA) have approved Utah Valley University Mens Lacrosse as a DI-AA Program to compete in the 2013-2014 Season and beyond. The UVU Mens Lacrosse Program is the newest MCLA D1-AA Member.The UVU Mens Lacrosse Team will be lead by Head Coach Mike Pappas. Through the efforts of TJ James and a new UVU Mens Lacrosse Advisory Board, Coach Pappas was selected to build the UVU Mens Lacrosse Program. With 33,000+ students attending UVU and the support of the UVU Administration, the Mens Lacrosse Team will have an excellent recruiting base.
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Since I'm still a bit peaky, David Evans has been busy writing and supplying material to fill the gaps, for which I 'm very grateful indeed. David has written a great piece here about Walsall Wood and its musical history. … Continue reading
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Blood agar culture of sputum from patient with pneumonia. Compromised host. Colonies of Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Note hemolysis around colonies of Pseudomas aeruginosa and colony morphology.
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Movie Reviews
Mirrors are sort of fascinating -- how they actually work, not just the ways in which mirrors can act as portals, creatures, and harbingers in fantasy and horror stories -- but if you ask a horror movie aficionado MORE
It may seem a little obvious to say that a film called Odd Thomas is an odd little film, but there it is. It's an odd, amusing, off-kilter, and amusingly-presented combination of horror, action, comedy MORE
Let's get a few things out of the way right now. We'll call them "universal movie geek truths."
A. Chan wook-Park's Oldboy (2003) is one of the most original, shocking, outrageous, MORE
We could start with the fact that January and February are generally considered "the dumping grounds," where studios manage to unload their lamest flicks with very little in the way of fanfare. Or we MORE