text:
Tumor imaging using technetium-99m bound to pH-sensitive peptides.
Title | Tumor imaging using technetium-99m bound to pH-sensitive peptides. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2007 |
Authors | Mata JE, Dyal LA, Slauson ME, Summerton JE, Loehr C, Tyson AR, Rodriguez-Proteau R, Gustafson SB |
Journal | Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine |
Volume | 3 |
Issue | 4 |
Pagination | 297-305 |
Date Published | 2007 Dec |
Keywords | Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Image Enhancement, Lung Neoplasms, Mammary Neoplasms, Animal, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Mice, Peptides, Protein Binding, Radiopharmaceuticals, Technetium, Tissue Distribution |
Abstract | Solid tumors often display metabolic abnormalities that consistently produce low pH in the extracellular space of poorly perfused tissue. These acidic regions may provide a mechanism for drug targeting. Peptides have been designed in such a manner that they exist in an anionic hydrophilic form at the pH of normal tissues, but then undergo a sharp transition to a non-ionic lipophilic form at reduced pH. Peptides were labeled with fluorescein or technetium-99m (99mTc) and evaluated in vitro and in two murine models of cancer. Our studies suggest that PAP-1, an 18 amino acid pH activated peptide with a pH of transition between hydrophilic and lipophilic forms (pT) of 6.4, will deliver fluorescein and 99mTc to tumors. Activation of PAP-1 by low pH and penetration into the plasma membrane of cells and tumors were confirmed using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and gamma scintigraphy. These results support our central hypothesis that PAP-1 may enable the selective delivery of macromolecules to tumors. This technology has potential for exploiting a common property of tumors to achieve highly specific medical intervention. |
Alternate Journal | Nanomedicine |


text:
Purchased the lever faucet to replace an existing leaky one so my specks for a replacement were particular. I did not want a sprayer and this product fit all of my specifications. The stainless steel finish matches appliances exactly. There must be some airration feature in the faucet because the water pressure coming out of this faucet is powerful. The plumber who installed commented on the quality of the faucet. It didn't come with any installation instructions but that didn't matter since I had it professionally installed. Keep in mind that the lever needs space to be pushed directly back for cold water. I had to install the faucet on a slight angle but it looks great.
This faucet has a nice lines to it along with being quality product. Great value for your money. I love it..
Hello Everybody, We're from the N.E. area and These Type's of criteria are what we look for. Life Long materials that will not corrode and or rust nor deteriorate. KRAUS has got a true winner here -----------We
This faucet will add value to my new home. I purchased 3 for my prep sink,bar and also the laundry to match the kraus pull down kitchen faucet. Great contemporary look and is a solid faucet. Love it.
I had very specific needs when I searched for this faucet and this one met all of them. it appears to have very good build quality and to be very durable.
This faucet is too hard to control the water flow... It blasts water and you end up with a bath. It's tough to regulate, it seems to be all or none. It does not have a sprayer...which I guess I did not read closely enough...But I absolutely hate this faucet and would have sent it back if I hadn't payed the plumber to put it in and then discovered it's issues...My best advice "avoid it"
I wanted a simple design with good quality and decided to order this faucet after reading reviews. Definitly got what I wanted -- -- LOVE IT!
The faucet was exactly what I was looking for, and unable to find (single hole) without a sprayer, at all our local home improvement stores. The quality is excellent, and the pressure of our water was increased. Highly recommend.
Looks good and works good! It is well made. The handle was loose and I called the company directly. They service was quick and sent me a part to fix.
Purchased for an outdoor kitchen sink application. Very good quality and it looks really nice. Purchased an all stainless steel because of the outdoor application and the faucet looks great and works perfectly!
Usually leaves our warehouse in 1-2 business days. *
Items must be returned in new or unused condition and contain all original materials included with the shipment. More details
FINAL SALE EXCLUSION: Items marked as FINAL SALE are not returnable unless the problem you experience is the result of our error.
Our standard shipping method is ground shipping. We also offer expedited shipping for most items. Your final shipping cost and estimated delivery timeframe will be available at checkout.
Standard shipping details
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* For your safety, some orders go through our loss prevention department. If we select your order for this process, we will immediately notify you that there may be up to a 3-day delay on your order.
** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Trayvon Martin case: Three key questions still not answered
In the month since teenager Trayvon Martin was fatally shot by neighborhood watch captain George Zimmerman, leaks favorable to one side or the other have swung perceptions of the incident back and forth. Given what is currently known, what are the key questions on which Mr. Zimmerman's guilt or innocence could turn?
2. Is 'DeeDee' telling the truth about the phone call?
Trayvon's 16-year-old girlfriend has been identified in the media only as "DeeDee." She has said she was on the phone with Trayvon in his final moments. He said he was being followed and was trying to get away, in her account.
In an interview with ABC News published March 29, DeeDee said she heard Trayvon turn around and ask someone why he was following him. She heard someone say, "What are you doing around here?" or words to that effect. Then she heard someone pushed to the ground before the connection was severed.
She also said she has not been interviewed by police.
Cellphone records should establish whether this phone call occurred, and when. At a trial, prosecutors should be able to determine whether DeeDee is telling the truth about the timing of the phone call, in relation to the timing of the altercation. While that won't prove that her account of the conversation is true, it would be a point in her favor. And DeeDee's account could be disproved if the cellphone records don't match up.
ABC News reported March 29 that it had obtained phone records showing that DeeDee called Trayvon at 7:12 p.m. on the day he was killed, five minutes before police arrived, and remained on the line until moments before he was shot.


text:
Division |
Pediatric Critical Care |
Title |
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics |
Phone |
(409) 772-1594 |
Mailing Address |
301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0351 |
Dr. Pedro Chavez received his medical degree from U. Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia in 1991. He completed her residency in Pediatrics Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida in 2000. After finishing his residency, he completed a PICU Fellowship, Rainbow Babies and Children's, Cleveland, Ohio in 2003. Dr. Chavez came to us from Covenant Children's Hospital in Lubbock, TX, where he was the PICU Medical Director for four years. He has been at UTMB since 2012. |


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Father's Day Gifts $150 or Less Father's Day Tech Treats For $150 or Less by POPSUGAR Tech 6/14/11 0 Reactions 0 Shares Print 0 0 0 0 0 For the techie dad who follows gadget announcements, has every sci-fi DVD box collection on the market, and secretly loves solving the household IT problems, we've compiled Father's Day gift guides for every budget. Today's list focuses on the gifts around the $100-$150 range. Round up the siblings, and go in on these gifts to show dad you care. Start Nook Simple Touch Reader ($139) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 The eReader finally gets a touchscreen in Barnes & Nobles' new Nook Simple Touch Reader. The 6-inch screen still uses the no-glare E Ink technology we've come to expect from eReaders, so dad can read while relaxing in the Summer sun. 1 / 5 iConvert USB Turntable ($129) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 For the cabinet of vinyl now collecting dust in the den, give dad the gift of digital conversion. The iConvert USB turntable uses a basic USB connection to connect the record player to a PC while corresponding software saves the music files to an MP3 player of choice. The record player is, of course, compatible with stereo speakers for those rare times when dad feels less digitally inclined. 2 / 5 Fuji Instax Mini 50s ($125) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 If dad longs for the days of Polaroid family vacation photos, give him the latest instant camera solution, the Fuji Instax Mini 50s. With exposure settings, a self-timer, and a removable closeup lens, there is much more user control when capturing instant memories this time around . Film averages around $20 per pack. 3 / 5 GL1 Diagnostic Cable ($99) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 The GL1 Diagnostic Cable unlocks the mysteries of the check engine light by connecting the cable to an iPhone or iPad and the included product app. The product reads all electric signals sent by the car and provides a digital diagnosis for any US gas and diesel cars manufactured from 1996 and on. Expect lengthy conversations from the new DIY mechanic on the fuel performance of the family's vehicles. 4 / 5 Jedi Bathrobe ($89) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dads are notorious for hanging on to clothing until it's threadbare and unfit for grabbing the Sunday paper. The Jedi bathrobe updates dad's around-the-house morning attire and confirms something your family already knew — dad is a secret Jedi Master. With the extra dollars saved, pick up some snacks and watch the original trilogy. Robes required. 6 / 5 0 0 0 0 0 Read More NookFuji InstaxListFather's DayStar WarsGiftsShoppingTech Father's Day 10 Celebrity Dads We'd Love to Call Our Own 9/27/13 Stars Share Vintage Snaps For Father's Day! 6/17/13 See How the Stars Celebrated Father's Day 6/17/13 Daddy's Girl: Sweet Father/Daughter Wedding Moments 6/16/13 The Dads of Doctor Who Father's Day Quiz 6/16/13 10 Books About Fathers and Daughters 6/16/13 Get a Personalized Living Newsletter! Help us customize your newsletter by selecting your interests (optional): Father's Day Star Wars Food Home Link Love Facebook changed its News Feed, again — ReadWrite What happens when Google doesn't think you're human — BuzzFeed FWD Supposed Bitcoin founder says he's never heard of the digital currency — Newser Sometimes history can be as confusing as Game of Thrones — Cracked A USB outlet that doesn't take an electrician to install — Cool Mom Tech Source: Facebook
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text:
The 13th edition of the Lucas Awards took place at Karl Marx theatre in Havana last week from Friday to Sunday. Check the winners clicking on the link below. Please enter your date of birth and country of residence
We are committed to responsible drinking so we need to check that you can legally enjoy our products. By entering this site you accept our terms and conditions and privacy policy. Please drink responsibly. Bebe con moderación es tu responsabilidad. Disfruta de un consumo responsable. 40º. No está permitido el acceso a menores de edad. Please visit also Havana-Cultura.com


text:
ICalendar subcriptions
I deleted the subscription to US holidays and re subscribed and it still doesn't work . thanks for your help
Like (0)
A couple of questions:
- Do you have an iCloud account?
- Do you see the Subscriptions Calandar group in the sidebar?
- Have you turned on the "Birthdays" calendar? If no, do and see what happens.
- Calendar aka iCal is set as your default calendar app?
Like (0)
1 I have an icloud account
2: yes I see the subscription
3: yes I turned on Birthdays calendar
4: yes ical is my default.
I have also reloaded Mountain lion and deleted and resubscribed to the calendar. I have verified all of my settings comparing them to my Mac book pro which does work.
I am at a total loss what to try next.
I would appreciate any other advice you can provide.
Before upgrading to Mountain lion I believe that the sidebar showed "Calendarson my Mac" now all of my calendars show under a heading of "icloud" , but this is exactly what my Mac Book Pro shows and it works.
Like (0)
Roger Wilmut1 London, UK
When you re-subscribed did you use the link Mashby gave? - US Holidays calendar - I just checked this and it worked perfectly well, but if you are simply refreshing your existing subscription with the same URL that may be the issue. A lot of calendars were originally hosted on ical.mac.com and that domain is dead in the water - only now are some calendars turning up on new domains that actually work. Try resubscribing using the link above.
Like (0)
thank you Roger ,
I tried it twice to no avail It has to be relatedto something on my Imac but I can't find it
Like (0)


text:
What's Going To Happen To Jack Dundee's All-Gay Straight-Only Emporium?
Arizona Governor Jan Brewer overturned Arizona State Senate Bill 1062, which would have given Arizonans the right to deny service or any other action based on religious beliefs. So if your religious beliefs tell you to be offended by gay people, you would then have the right to deny gays service.
While it's good news for the LGTB community in Arizona (is there really such a thing?) that Gov. Jan Brewer overturned the bill, no one seems to be wondering what will happen to Jack Dundee's All-Gay Straight-Only Adult Emporium…
More from The Sex.com Blog


text:
Infographics on newspaper subscribers.
This report focuses on the use of media tablets and smartphones by newspaper subscribers and non-subscribers.
The fact is that while very large newspapers have faced big challenges to their businesses, America's thousands of community papers are as healthy as their communities.
Editor & Publisher features research by RJI as part of this month's Data Page section of the magazine.
A member of the first class of non-resident fellows at RJI, my research will focus on connecting early-stage companies with the research capabilities of the institute.
To assist newspapers with the planning process, Inland Press Association, in partnership with Mather Economics and the Reynolds Journalism Institute, is overhauling its comprehensive National Cost and Revenue Study to make it more modern and user-friendly.
Marketing is getting big on brains! Today's buzz is about Neuromarketing, a research approach that uses biometric measures to peer inside the brain "on" advertising.
Seattle is a geek's town and last week the team at aptly named GeekWire hosted some of Seattle's brightest tech minds for its 2013 GeekWire Summit.
While many news organizations still focus much of their mobile strategy and budget on building apps, new research from the Reynolds Journalism Institute finds that more people access mobile news via the web browser on their smartphone or tablet, rather than an app. What's more: mobile news consumers seem to like the browser experience better.
The percent of all smartphone and/or tablet users who indicated that they had downloaded at least one news app jumped from about 30 percent in Q1 2012 to nearly 60 percent in Q1 2013.
The Washington Missourian reaches an average of 92.5 percent of all Franklin County residents when its print and digital audiences are combined.
Research into the use of mobile media to consume news conducted by RJI has informed infographics featured in the latest issue of Editor & Publisher.
Usage of smartphones together with tablets for news has more than doubled. A 2013 mobile media news consumption survey found that women have been rapidly adopting the use of tablets — especially mini tablets — as their mobile device of choice.
A 2013 mobile media news consumption survey found that women have been rapidly adopting the use of tablets — especially mini tablets — as their mobile device of choice.
This report examines the use of media tablets and smartphones for news. Respondents who had used a tablet and/or a smartphone during the week prior to taking the surveys increased by only three percentage points overall between Q1 2012 and Q1 2013.
News and commentary from around the Web of interest to journalism innovators and entrepreneurs
The next generation of reporters has something new in their toolbox and it could forever change broadcasting into a hands-free, first person experience. Google Glass — a wearable computer that's not yet available to the public – has been put in the hands of developers and other testers in the Glass Explorers program to field test, and for the last month, I've been experimenting with Glass to see how reporters might be able to use this hands-free device.
Think college kids aren't reading the news? According to Scarborough Research, "59 percent of adults 18 to 24 read newspaper content regularly on some device."
The second day of the annual ASNE convention included conversations about diversity in the newsroom and challenges facing news literacy.
There are about 38,000 full-time daily newspaper journalists at nearly 1,400 newspapers in the United States. That's a 2,600-person decrease from last year's 40,600. Of the 38,000 employees, about 4,700 or 12.37 percent are racial minorities.


text:
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 114
114 A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary
Step 6. Calculate Target Binder Content
Once the target VMA is selected, calculation of the design binder content is straightforward.
The target value for VBE (effective binder content by volume) is calculated by subtracting the
design air void content--normally 4%--from the target VMA value. For example, a standard
12.5-mm mixture with a target VMA value of 15% would have a target VBE value of 15 - 4 = 11%.
The total binder content must also include the amount absorbed by the aggregate. This can be
estimated in several ways. A quick approximate estimate, suitable for developing trial batches,
is to simply add 1% to the target VBE value. In the example above, this would result in a total
target binder content of 12%. A more accurate estimate would be to calculate the volume of
water absorbed by the aggregate, divide this by two, and add it to the target VBE value:
VMA Gsb Pwa
Vb = VBE + 1 - (8-1)
100 2
Vb = total asphalt content by volume %
VBE = effective asphalt content by volume %
VMA = voids in the mineral aggregate
= Vbe + air void content
Gsb = aggregate bulk specific gravity
Pwa = water absorption of the aggregate, weight %
The best approach to estimating absorbed binder and the resulting total binder content is to use
past experience. However, this may not always be possible. In any case, it should be remembered
that the mixture proportions being determined at this point in the mix design process are only
for one or more trial mixtures and that further adjustments will almost always have to be made
prior to finalizing the mix design. Therefore, use of estimates in determining total binder content
from the target VMA will usually work quite well. In HMA Tools, Equation 8-1 is used to estimate
the binder content. As additional trial mixtures are made, the amount of binder absorbed by the
aggregate is adjusted according to the values measured during the previous trial mixtures.
The final proportions for the mix design must be given by both percent by volume and weight,
so the binder contents calculated above must be converted to percentages by total mix weight.
However, this conversion cannot be done until the next two steps in the mix design process are
completed and the aggregate proportions determined.
Step 7. Calculate Aggregate Content
The total aggregate content by volume is directly calculated as 100% minus the VMA content.
In the example above, the total aggregate volume would be 100 - 15 = 85%. Determination of
the total aggregate content by weight will depend on the aggregate specific gravity values and
the specific blend of aggregates used in each of the trial mixtures, as determined in Step 8 as
explained below. As with most other calculations needed during the mix design process, HMA Tools
automatically calculates the aggregate content.
Step 8. Proportion Aggregates for Trial Mixtures
Proportioning aggregates for trial mixtures is one of the most important steps in the HMA
mix design process. It can also be one of the most complicated. The procedure recommended
here sets the binder content at a value that will provide the proper VMA once the design air void
OCR for page 114
Design of Dense-Graded HMA Mixtures 115
content is met. Therefore, proportioning aggregates can be thought of as determining the blend
of aggregates that will provide the proper air void content for the mixture. However, because
many HMA mix designs can make use of four or more aggregates, determining the right aggregate
blend can be difficult and is largely a trial-and-error process.
Engineers and technicians responsible for HMA mix designs should understand that several
systems for blending aggregates are very effective. The Asphalt Institute Manuals on mix design--
MS-2 and SP-2--provide detailed descriptions of aggregate proportioning methods typically
used with the Marshall, Hveem, and Superpave mix design methods. More recently, the Bailey
method of aggregate proportioning has become popular among some technicians and engineers.
This procedure is based on theoretical principles of particle packing and, although relatively
complicated, is unique in that it provides many quantitative rules for modifying aggregate blends
to achieve a desired change in VMA. An excellent reference for the Bailey method is Vavrik et al.,
"Bailey Method for Gradation Selection in HMA Mixture Design," Transportation Research
Board Circular E-C044. In any case, engineers and technicians who are comfortable with the
methods they are using for proportioning aggregates should continue to use them. HMA mix
design--particularly determining appropriate aggregate blends--involves science and math, but
is also largely an art based on experience and judgment.
The method described below is largely a graphical one and is intentionally simple and flexible,
so that it is potentially compatible with the widest possible range of mix design procedures and
combination of circumstances. Unfortunately, this also means that applying this procedure
efficiently requires some experience--both with the mix design process and with a wide range
of materials.
Maximum Density Aggregate Gradation
and Fundamentals of Aggregate Blending
For many years, use of the maximum density aggregate gradation has been emphasized in
proportioning aggregates for HMA mix design. The maximum density gradation is that which
provides the smallest possible volume of space among the aggregate particles--that is, it is the
blend providing the lowest possible VMA for a given set of aggregates. Using the maximum
density gradation to produce an HMA mix was for many years considered desirable because it
would result in a mix with the minimum asphalt binder content and because asphalt binder is
much more expensive than aggregate, the resulting mixture would be relatively economical.
However, it has become clear that a certain minimum amount of asphalt binder is required in
order for an HMA mixture to be workable--easy to place and compact--and also to resist moisture
damage, age hardening, and fatigue cracking. Therefore, most HMA designs today use aggregate
gradations that vary significantly from maximum density. In fact, achieving the minimum required
VMA values can be a problem with some aggregates.
Even though most HMA mixtures do not precisely follow a maximum density gradation, it is
often used as a reference when proportioning aggregates. A good estimate of the maximum density
aggregate gradation for a given aggregate size can be estimated using the 0.45 power gradation:
% PMD = percent passing for maximum density gradation
d = sieve size, mm
D = maximum sieve size for gradation, mm
OCR for page 114
116 A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary
Percent Passing
Max. Density
0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000
Sieve Size, mm
Figure 8-3. Fine, dense, and coarse aggregate gradations
for HMA compared to the maximum density gradation.
Figure 8-3 is a plot of three different 12.5-mm NMAS aggregate gradations, with the maximum
density gradation calculated using Equation 8-2 included for reference. As shown in this figure,
HMA gradations are usually classified as coarse, fine, or dense, depending on where they pass
relative to the maximum density gradation. Those falling below the maximum density gradation
are called coarse gradations, those passing above are called fine gradations, and those passing
near the maximum density gradation are called dense. However, it should be emphasized that,
in fact, all three of these gradations are used in producing dense-graded HMA--therefore, a more
accurate classification of these gradations would be dense/coarse, dense/fine, and dense/dense,
accurately reflecting that all three gradations are close to dense gradations, but some are slightly
coarser and some slightly finer than the maximum density gradation.
A concept related to the maximum density gradation, and also useful in analyzing aggregate
gradation, is the continuous maximum density gradation. This is calculated using an equation
similar to Equation 8-2:
PCMD ( d2 ) 2 � P ( d1 ) (8-3)
PCMD(d2) = percent passing, continuous maximum density gradation, for sieve size d2
d1 = one sieve size larger than d2
P(d1) = percent passing sieve d1
For example, in a selected aggregate gradation the percent passing the 4.75-mm sieve is 84%.
The PCMD for the 2.36-mm sieve would be calculated as (2.36/4.75)0.45 � 84 = 73%. The usefulness
of the continuous maximum density gradation is that it allows a more realistic evaluation of
how closely a given aggregate gradation follows a maximum density gradation compared to the
traditional maximum density gradation as calculated using Equation 8-2. The top graph in
Figure 8-4 shows a 9.5-mm gradation compared to the standard maximum density gradation as
calculated using Equation 8-2. The bottom graph shows the deviation from the continuous
maximum density gradation (calculated using Equation 8-3) for this same aggregate. Both figures
suggest that the gradation deviates significantly from the maximum density gradation, but the
lower graph is much clearer in the way in which this deviation occurs. For example, it is not
clear in the top graph that the aggregate gradation in fact follows a maximum density gradation
below the 1.18-mm sieve size; this is very clear in the lower graph. Furthermore, the lower plot
OCR for page 114
Design of Dense-Graded HMA Mixtures 117
Percent Passing
maximum density
20 gradation
0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000
Sieve Size, mm
% Deviation from Max. Density
0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000
Sieve Size, mm
Figure 8-4. Top: 9.5-mm aggregate gradation compared
to the maximum density gradation; bottom: deviation from
the continuous maximum density gradation for the same
9.5-mm gradation.
exaggerates the deviation from maximum density, so comparing several similar aggregate blends
is much easier.
One of the most important--and often the most difficult--parts of the mix design process is
adjusting aggregate blends to produce the desired level of air void content and VMA. The lower
graph in Figure 8-4, called a continuous maximum density (CMD) plot, is very helpful in this
process because, in general, for a given set of aggregate blends the more this plot deviates from
zero (the horizontal line through the center of the plot), the greater will be the VMA and air void
content. Using the CMD plot to blend aggregates has many advantages:
� It is soundly based in packing theory.
� It is completely flexible--it can be applied to any number of aggregates, any gradation size,
and any type of gradation or HMA mix.
� Once set up in a spreadsheet, as in HMA Tools, it is simple to apply; there is no long set of rules
and definitions to remember.
� Because of its simplicity and flexibility, the CMD approach can be used along with other
Figure 8-5 shows how the CMD plot relates to changes in aggregate gradation for a series of
12.5-mm aggregate blends: an SMA aggregate blend; a dense/coarse blend; a dense/dense blend;
and a dense/fine blend. The top portion of the figure shows a traditional gradation plot, including
the maximum density gradation. The bottom chart in Figure 8-5 shows the CMD plots for these
OCR for page 114
118 A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary
80 Dense/dense
Percent Passing
Max. Density
0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000
Sieve Size, mm
% Deviation from Max. Density
0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000
Sieve Size, mm
Figure 8-5. Top: four different 12.5-mm gradations;
bottom: % deviation from continuous maximum density
gradation for these same blends.
same four aggregate blends. One of the most striking features of the CMD plot is that it shows
that despite the large differences in the four gradations, the fine aggregate portions of these blends
all are fairly close to a maximum density gradation. This does not mean that the fine aggregate
portion of these mixtures closely follows the gradation for the traditional maximum density
gradation for a 12.5-mm aggregate (the dashed line in the top chart in Figure 8-5). What it
means is that the fine aggregate portions of all four blends--considered separately from the
coarse portion--follow a maximum density gradation fairly closely. This is a very important
concept when adjusting aggregate blends to meet VMA and/or air void requirements. Consider
the dense/coarse gradation in Figure 8-5. In the top chart it appears that the fine aggregate
portion of this aggregate deviates significantly from the maximum density gradation, and
changing this portion of the blend might therefore tend to reduce VMA. However, it is clear from
the lower chart that attempting to reduce VMA by changing the fine aggregate portion of this
gradation will probably be counter-productive, since it already closely follows a maximum
density gradation. If a reduction in VMA is needed for this aggregate, the amount of material
between the 2.36- and 9.5-mm sieves must be reduced. In general, the greater the deviation
from the zero line on the CMD plot, the greater will be the VMA (and air void content) for the
resulting mixture.
In Figure 8-5, it appears that the largest differences in these blends are in the coarse aggregate.
This is in fact typical for aggregate blends used in HMA. However, even though the deviations
from the maximum density gradation for the fine aggregate portion of many aggregate blends
OCR for page 114
Design of Dense-Graded HMA Mixtures 119
may seem small, such differences can have a significant effect on the air void content and VMA
of the resulting HMA mixture.
The specific interpretation of CMD plots such as those shown in Figures 8-4 and 8-5 is as
follows. The value on the vertical axis for a given sieve size shows the difference in the percent
of material between that sieve size and one sieve size larger for the actual gradation and the
continuous maximum density gradation. For example, in Figure 8-5, for the 4.75-mm sieve,
the SMA gradation has about 22% more material between the 4.75- and 9.5-mm sieves than
the maximum density gradation. This is typical for SMA gradations, which contain very large
proportions of coarse aggregates. The dense/coarse gradation, on the other hand, has about 14%
more material than the continuous maximum density gradation in this size range. When using
CMD plots to blend aggregates during a mix design, the technician should look not only at the
amount of the deviation in different size ranges, but also the effect of these deviations on the air
void content and VMA of the resulting mixture. The air void content and VMA for some mixtures
might be most sensitive to changes in the coarse fraction of the aggregate blend, while other
mixtures might be more sensitive to changes in the fine or intermediate portions of the aggregate
blend. For this reason, HMA Tools includes, as part of the CMD plot, values for air void content
and VMA for each aggregate blend (once they have been determined in laboratory testing). This
makes it easy for the technician to determine what changes in the aggregate blends are most
important in determining volumetric composition.
Trial Blends for New Mix Designs
When developing an HMA mix design with a new set of aggregates, the general procedure
recommended here is very similar to that used in the Superpave method, but with the inclusion
of the CMD plot as an additional tool in analyzing the aggregate gradations and resulting
volumetric compositions. After performing the initial steps of the mix design as outlined above
(including determination of the design VMA, air void content, and binder content), three trial
aggregate gradations are prepared: a dense/coarse gradation, a dense/dense gradation, and a
dense/fine gradation. As explained later in this chapter, trial batches based on these gradations
are prepared in the laboratory, specimens compacted and the VMA, air void content, and effective
binder content determined for each. Usually none of the three initial batches will precisely meet
all requirements, and one is selected for further refinement. Additional trial batches are prepared
and evaluated until all essential mix design criteria are met. It is strongly suggested that during
the initial trial batches only the aggregate gradation should be modified, while the asphalt binder
content is kept constant. This will make the way changes in the aggregate gradation are affecting
VMA and air void content much clearer. Once a trial batch is close to the required composition,
the binder content may be slightly adjusted if desired to fine-tune the design. However, engineers
and technicians should remember that mix designs will usually be adjusted significantly during
the initial stages of field production, so effort spent in unnecessary, minor adjustments to a
laboratory mix design will often be wasted.
The HMA Tools spreadsheet has been designed to allow blending of up to eight different
aggregates, up to four of which may be recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material. Gradation
data and other properties are entered in the worksheet "Aggregates" for new materials and
"RAP_Aggregates" for RAP materials. In the worksheet "Trial_Blends," the technician enters
various proportions for each aggregate or RAP, and the gradation is calculated and plotted on a
standard plot and on a CMD plot. Once volumetric test data are available for the trial batches,
these plots include VMA and air void values to aid the technician in determining which gradation
is most suitable and what sort of adjustments in the gradation (if any) are needed to produce a
mixture with the desired properties.
OCR for page 114
120 A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary
Adjusting Aggregate Gradations When Modifying
Existing HMA Designs
In practice, most HMA mix design work involves modifying existing mixtures to meet some
new requirement or improve some aspect of the design (such as workability). Therefore, the
approach discussed above will usually be the exception, rather than the rule. In modifying an
existing mix design, the procedure suggested here is similar to that described above, but somewhat
abbreviated. First, the goal of the modification must be clearly understood, primarily in terms
of the needed change in VMA. Increased air void content or increased binder content both require
increases in VMA. Similarly, if a specification requires an increase in VMA, and the design air void
content does not change, an increase in binder content will be needed. Remember, VMA consists
of the volume taken up by both asphalt binder and air voids.
Once the required change in VMA has been determined, the aggregate gradation for the
existing mix design is plotted, using a traditional gradation plot and the CMD plot. If an increase in
VMA is needed, in general, the aggregate gradation must be modified to increase the difference
between the CMD plot and the zero line. If a decrease in VMA is needed, the gradation should
be modified to decrease this difference. This is shown in Figure 8-6. The heavy, dark line in this
example is the aggregate gradation for an existing mix design. Looking at the coarse aggregate
portion of the gradation, the lighter lines above this are gradations that would likely increase the
VMA for this mixture, since they are further from the zero line. The lighter lines below the existing
gradation would probably decrease the VMA, since they are, in general, closer to the zero line on
the CMD plot. However, engineers and technicians using this approach should remember that
VMA for a given mixture will exhibit different sensitivities to changes in different portions of the
aggregate gradation. Some mixtures might be more sensitive to changes in the fine aggregate
portion of the gradation, while some might be more sensitive to the coarse aggregate portion of
the gradation. Some might be very sensitive to changes in mineral filler content. It should also
be noted that the zero line on the CMD plot is only an approximate indicator of the maximum
density gradation--the actual position on the CMD plot of the maximum density gradation
might vary somewhat from the zero line. This should become apparent when plotting gradations
and VMA values for trial mixtures.
It is especially important when modifying existing mix designs to make use of experience
with the given aggregates. Often, an engineer or technician who has done previous mix
design work with the aggregates at hand will know what changes in the gradation are needed
% Deviation from Max. Density
0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000
Sieve Size, mm
Figure 8-6. Effect of changes in aggregate gradation on
VMA as shown on a CMD plot. Aggregates plotting closer
to the zero line will usually have lower VMA values.
OCR for page 114
Design of Dense-Graded HMA Mixtures 121
Table 8-6. Control points for 19.0-mm through
37.5-mm aggregate gradations for dense-graded
HMA mixtures.
Sieve Size Percent Passing for Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size:
(mm) 37.5 mm 25.0 mm 19.0 mm
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
50.0 100
37.5 90 100 100
25.0 90 90 100 100
19.0 90 90 100
12.5 90
2.36 15 41 19 45 23 49
0.075 0 6 1 7 2 8
to produce a specific change in VMA or other mix properties. In such cases, the CMD plot
can be a useful tool.
When modifying existing mix designs, the HMA Tools spreadsheet is used in a manner very
similar to that described above for new mix designs. As before, the needed aggregate and RAP
data (if used) are entered in the worksheets "Aggregates," and "RAP_Aggregates." Then, aggregate
blend for the existing mix is entered in the worksheet "Trial_Blends," followed by one or two
modified aggregate blends. If no information is available concerning the aggregates being used,
the general rule described above should be used in developing the new trial aggregate blends--
gradations closer to the zero line on the CMD plot will have lower VMA, while those further away
will have higher VMA. After this, the design proceeds as before, determining the air void content
and VMA for the trial batches and then making further refinements in the aggregate gradation
as needed until the desired mix properties are met.
Guidelines for Aggregate Gradations
As with previous HMA mix design methods, there are limits for aggregate gradation for each
NMAS; suggested control points for aggregate gradations for dense-graded HMA mixtures are
listed in Tables 8-6 and 8-7. It is important to note that, in the system described in this manual,
Table 8-7. Control points for 4.75-mm through
12.5-mm aggregate gradations for dense-graded
HMA mixtures.
Sieve Size Percent Passing for Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size:
(mm) 12.5 mm 9.5 mm 4.75 mm
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
19.0 100
12.5 90 100 100 100
9.5 90 90 100 95 100
4.75 90 90 100
2.36 28 58 32 67
1.18 30 60
0.075 2 10 2 10 6 12
OCR for page 114
122 A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary
Table 8-8. Coarse aggregate fractured faces
Percentage of Particles with at Least
One/Two Fractured Faces, for
Design ESALs (million)
Depth of Pavement Layera, mm
0 to 100 Below 100
< 0.3 55 / --- --- / ---
0.3 to < 3 75 / --- 50 / ---
3 to < 10 85 / 80 60 / ---
10 to < 30 95 / 90 80 / 75
30 or more 98 / 98b 98/ 98b
aDepth of pavement layer is measured from pavement surface to surface of
pavement layer.
bThe CAFF requirement for design traffic levels of 30 million ESALs or more may
be reduced to 95/95 if experience with local conditions and materials indicate that
this would provide HMA mixtures with adequate rut resistance under very heavy
aggregate control points--with the exception of the maximum aggregate size--are considered
guidelines, and not specification requirements. This provides engineers and technicians with
additional flexibility in modifying aggregate gradations in order to meet VMA requirements.
Differences in aggregate particle shape, angularity, and texture make it impossible to specify one
particular gradation that will provide the best performance for all HMA mixtures of a given
NMAS. Treating gradation control points with some flexibility helps ensure that engineers and
technicians can adequately address these differences and provide HMA mixtures with the proper
binder content and air void content needed for good durability.
The gradation plots included in the worksheet "Trial_Blends" in HMA Tools include boundaries
showing the control limits for a given mixture. In order for the proper limits to be included in
the plot, the proper value for the aggregate NMAS must be entered in the worksheet "General."
Check Aggregate Specification Properties
As in the Superpave method, there are four aggregate specification properties: (1) coarse
aggregate fractured faces (CAFF); (2) flat and elongated particles in the coarse aggregate; (3) fine
aggregate angularity (FAA); and (4) clay content of the fine aggregate (sand equivalent). A detailed
description of these specification properties and the tests used to determine them is given in
Chapter 4 of this manual. For the convenience of the readers of this manual, four tables listing
the aggregate specification properties as given in Chapter 4 are reproduced below. Table 8-8
lists requirements for coarse aggregate fractured faces; Table 8-9 lists requirements for flat
and elongated coarse aggregate particles; Table 8-10 lists requirements for fine aggregate
angularity; and Table 8-11 lists requirements for fine aggregate clay content. The values in
these tables are very similar to those used in the Superpave method; there are some slight
Table 8-9. Criteria for flat and elongated particles.
Maximum Percentage of Flat and
Design ESALs (million)
Elongated Particles at 5:1
< 0.3 ---
0.3 to < 3 10
3 to < 10 10
10 to < 30 10
30 or more 10
Criteria are presented as percent flat and elongated particles by mass.
OCR for page 114
Design of Dense-Graded HMA Mixtures 123
Table 8-10. Fine aggregate angularity requirements.
Depth of Pavement Layer from
Design ESALs (million) Surface, mm
0 to 100 Below 100
< 0.3 ---a ---
0.3 to < 3 40 ---
3 to < 10 45b 40
10 to < 30 45b 45b
30 or more 45b 45b
Criteria are presented as percent air voids in loosely compacted fine aggregate.
Although there is no FAA requirement for design traffic levels below 0.30
million ESALs, consideration should be given to requiring a minim um
uncompacted void content of 40 percent for 4.75-mm nominal maximum
aggregate size mixes.
The FAA requirement of 45 may be reduced to 43 if experience with local
conditions and materials indicate that this would produce HMA mixtures with
adequate rut resistance under the given design traffic level.
differences in the requirements for coarse aggregate fractured faces and fine aggregate angularity,
intended to make these requirements easier to meet without making any significant sacrifice in
As in the Superpave method, it is intended that aggregate specification properties be applied
to the aggregate blend, and not to individual aggregates. An important step in the mix design
process is to determine specification property values for aggregate blends, to ensure that the
blends will likely meet specification property requirements. For the initial trial batches, the
specification properties of the aggregate blends are normally estimated mathematically, by
calculating a weighted average for each property. When calculating these weighted averages,
care must be taken to consider only that portion of the aggregate tested in a given procedure.
For example, CAFF is determined on only that portion of the aggregate retained on the
4.75-mm sieve, so the weighted average CAFF is based on the proportions of this fraction for
each aggregate in the blend--not on the overall proportions for each aggregate. An additional
complication occurs when RAP is included in the mix design; then, the specification properties
of the aggregate in the RAP must also be considered (with the exception of sand equivalent, which
is only applied to new aggregates). Estimation of specification properties can be tedious and prone
to errors. Fortunately, HMA Tools performs this calculation for the technician. In the worksheets
"Aggregates" and "RAP_Aggregates," specification properties are entered for each aggregate.
Up to two user-defined properties can also be entered here--these would be aggregate properties
specified by the local highway agency, in addition to those given in this manual. In the worksheet
"Trial_Blends" the estimated values for all specification properties are then shown.
Aggregate properties for the final mix design should be determined by actual measurement.
This is done by preparing the aggregate blend and then sieving out the fraction needed for the
particular test and performing the test. Because this can be a time-consuming procedure, the
Table 8-11. Maximum clay content requirements.
Design ESALs (million) Minimum Sand Equivalency Value
< 0.3 40
0.3 to < 3 40
3 to < 10 45
10 to < 30 45
30 or more 50
Criteria are presented as Sand Equivalent Value.


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the weeknd – the zone
11 | November 2012
11 | November 2012
Tags: drake, the weeknd, the weeknd - the zone ft drake
This entry was posted on Sunday, November 11th, 2012 at 9:21 pm and is filed under Music. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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The city is about to hit the fan.
After last week's disasterous launch of SimCity, many gamers across the world have damned the release's online all the time infrastructure as an annoyance they don't want to be tied to. Thanks to the ingenuity of one modder that's now a real possibility thanks to a nifty workaround to access SimCity's debug mode.
According to AzzerUK, he's posted a video as proof, players can access a special mode in SimCity to play offline in perpetuity without being kicked out to the main menu, tinker with environment terraforming and place down road networks outside of city boundaries. Not only that but the modder also explains in a short post on Reddit that he's also re-adjusted the population count so that it actually represents the number of sims in your city – handy that.
It's worth noting that we haven't tried accessing the developer mode ourselves, but the workaround has been confirmed to work by others in the Reddit's SimCity network.
Maxis has previously explained that SimCity has been build with modding in mind, so it's going to be very interesting to see how both they and Electronic Arts respond to this tinkering with their technology. We can see this going two ways – either Maxis embrace players accessing SimCity's dev-mode and patch in some kind of toolset to make it more readily available or they start banning accounts for fiddling with their tech.
Here's hoping the former scenario comes true…
Tags: SimCity
There's nothing unlucky about this issue which stars interviews, previews and features associated with Alien: Isolation, Titanfall, The Elder Scrolls Online and more.
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When we were in Florida, we ate at this little Greek restaurant and I ordered a chicken dish with spinach in it. It was so tasty and the filling reminded me of Spanakopita. I'm sure it's not totally correct, but it's close. Note: The coating will not be browned when finished baking, but will be crisp.
Save this recipe in your online cookbook to access when you need it.
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Serving Size: 1 (239 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 2


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text:
Simultaneous determination of niacinamide, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamine in multivitamin products by high-pressure liquid chromatography. | |
MedLine Citation:
PMID: 6453218 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
A high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay was developed for the determination of four water-soluble vitamins: niacinamide, pyridoxine, thiamine, and riboflavin. The four vitamins are assayed simultaneously in multivitamin products not containing minerals. Thiamine currently is not quantitated in formulations containing minerals because it is not stable under the extraction conditions. The method was applied to the analysis of at least 12 different multivitamin products, including various formulations of sterile products, fluids, compressed tablets, and coated, compressed tablets. The method is stability indicating and is applicable to single-tablet assays. |
M C Walker; B E Carpenter; E L Cooper |
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Publication Detail:
Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
Title: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences Volume: 70 ISSN: 0022-3549 ISO Abbreviation: J Pharm Sci Publication Date: 1981 Jan |
Date Detail:
Created Date: 1981-07-20 Completed Date: 1981-07-20 Revised Date: 2000-12-18 |
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID: 2985195R Medline TA: J Pharm Sci Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
Languages: eng Pagination: 99-101 Citation Subset: IM |
Export Citation:
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
MeSH Terms | |
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Drug Combinations Niacinamide / analysis* Pyridoxine / analysis* Riboflavin / analysis* Thiamine / analysis* Vitamins / administration & dosage, analysis* |
Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Drug Combinations; 0/Vitamins; 59-43-8/Thiamine; 65-23-6/Pyridoxine; 83-88-5/Riboflavin; 98-92-0/Niacinamide |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Inhibition of mucopolysaccharide sulfation.
Next Document: Effect of concentration and time upon inactivation of tobramycin, gentamicin, netilmicin and amikaci...


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Working with EPA's Schools Chemical Cleanout Campaign (SC3), 11 organizations helped to remove an estimated 70,000 pounds of potentially dangerous chemicals from approximately 300 schools.
For National Clean Hands Week (September 20-26) Georgia-Pacific Professional has made a poster available online to promote good hand hygiene practices among elementary school children.
Give your facilities a chance to be recognized by the EPA's IAQ TfS Awards Program.


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The 3-D CGI feature Dr. Seuss 'The Lorax is an adaptation of Dr. Seuss' classic story of a forest creature who shares the enduring strength of hope. The animated adventure follows the journey of a boy, as he is the only thing that will enable it to investigate the condition of the woman of his dreams of winning. To find it, we must discover the story of the Lorax, the grumpy but charming creature who fights in his world.
Category: Animation,Family,Fantasy
Cast: Kyle Balda,Zac Efron,Taylor Swift,Danny DeVito
Video | Parts | Host |
Version 1 | Full Movie | CineJam |
Version 2 | Full Movie | VidCube |
Version 3 | Full Movie | ShowmeFlix |
Version 4 | Part 1, Part 2 | flixbuster |
Version 5 | Part 1, Part 2 | VidCannon |
Tags: Chris Renaud, Danny DeVito, fastpasstv watch Dr. Seuss' The Lorax (2012) online, Kyle Balda, Taylor Swift, watch Dr. Seuss' The Lorax (2012) online, watch Dr. Seuss' The Lorax (2012) online free, Zac Efron


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A collaboration between Indiana State University's music school and history department will culminate in "A Sing-Along of Classic Labor Songs," at 7:30 p.m. Tuesday.
During the event, instrumentalists, singers and historians will pay tribute to the labor strife of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a time when Terre Haute stood at the center of the national labor movement.
Banjo players and guitarists will accompany vocalists as they sing "Dump the Bosses off Your Back," "Paddy Works on the Railway," "The Farmer is the Man," "John Henry" and "Bread and Roses."
Between songs, Indiana State faculty members — voice professor Peggy Balensuela and labor historian Lisa Phillips — will provide background about the music and major strikes of the era, with contextual images provided by Wabash Valley Visions and Voices.
The event is free and open to the public, hosted by International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 725 at the Labor Temple, 31 S. 13th St.
The event is part of the ISU community semester series "Our Town," which showcases the College of Arts and Sciences and encourages faculty and students to share what they are learning to the community.
A complete list and description of the community semester's events is available at www.indstate.edu/cas/communitysemester.
'Labor Songs' show at ISU to reflect history, influence of union movement here
- Bash
Community Theatre to bring Tony Award-winning play to stage
Some call it a comedy, while others call it a drama. "God of Carnage" was the 2009 Tony Award winner for Best Play, and Community Theatre of Terre Haute will present it this Friday, Saturday and Sunday, as well as March 21-23.
New Leo Baxter Orchestra to entertain at Big Read Party
A Terre Haute tradition will be reborn when the New Leo Baxter Society Orchestra performs from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Friday at the Indiana Theatre as part of the Big Party for the Wabash Valley Big Read.
With new Americana album, Chicago artist to play Verve
For years, Kevin Presbrey toured the country as the front man of Painkiller Hotel, a modern rock group inspired by guitar-fueled bands like Pearl Jam and Live. Now, he's dialing back the clock with his solo debut, an Americana album that takes its cues from Jim Croce's folk music, the Eagles' country-tinged rock and Fleetwood Mac's 1970s pop.
'Magnificent Ambersons' screening to kick off March 17 keynote address
A screening of Orson Welles' 1942 film, 'The Magnificent Ambersons,' will kick off the Wabash Valley Big Read's keynote address Monday in Cunningham Memorial Library at Indiana State University.
Five by Design, Richie Cole are 'Cool and Swingin' March 22
Back by popular demand, Five by Design returns to Terre Haute March 22 with a new show featuring alto saxophone legend Richie Cole. "Cool and Swingin'" begins at 7:30 p.m. in Tilson Auditorium at Indiana State University.
Women focus of March 20 brown bag talk
You can celebrate Terre Haute women's history March 20 with author and columnist Dorothy Jerse and storyteller Sally Weatherston as they look between the lines of "The Magnificent Ambersons" and into the lives of women during a pivotal time of change.
Casey Westfield Drama Club to present 'The Taming of Katy Lou' March 27-28, 30
The Casey Westfield High School Drama Club will present "The Taming of Katy Lou" on March 27, 28 and 30 in Casey Westfield Arts Hall-East Edgar at Casey, Ill.
Big Read party March 14 at The Indiana
You can enjoy an evening of elegance, dancing and drama at the Vigo County Public Library's Big Party for the Big Read, scheduled for 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Friday in the Indiana Theatre at Seventh and Ohio streets.
Winery plans 'A Few Good Murderers' April 12
The murder mystery dinner "A Few Good Murderers" is set for 6 p.m. April 12 in Castle Finn Winery at Marshall, Ill.
Admission is $40 per person and includes appetizers, dinner, dessert, tea or lemonade, and the show. Alcohol will be sold separately. -
Audition for 'Taking My Turn' March 17-18
Community Theatre of Terre Haute director Mark Frederick will be looking for four men and four women to make up the cast for the musical celebration, "Taking My Turn." Auditions will be staged at 7 p.m. Monday and Tuesday in Community Theatre at 1431 S. 25th St. Those auditioning should prepare a song and bring music for the accompanist. No dancing is required.
Community Semester events March 19-22 include walking tour, lecture, discussions
Indiana State University's Community Semester has five events planned for next week.
Programs include a walking tour of downtown Terre Haute; a lecture on video art; and discussions related to the book "The Magnificent Ambersons," the impact of German immigrants on the Crossroads of America and the role of Native Americans and fur traders in the area. -
Fiber artist to lead March 22 beginners' weaving course
Local fiber artist John Salamone will lead a Beginning Weaving course at the White Violet Center for Eco-Justice on March 22. The event will take place from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the facility, at St. Mary-of-the-Woods.
St. Patrick's Day walk/run, parade, dinner and party March 15
St. Patrick's annual painting of the shamrock at 19th and Poplar streets will take place at 9 a.m. today, and the 37th annual St. Patrick's Day Celebration will kick off at 8 a.m. Saturday with the Irish Dash 5K Walk/Run.
Sullivan Area Art Guild to celebrate anniversary March 14
Residents are invited to join the members of the Sullivan Area Art Guild on Friday as it celebrates the one-year anniversary of its new gallery.
Activities are scheduled from 5 to 8 p.m. in the gallery at 16 S. Court St. on the square in Sullivan. Refreshments will be provided. -
Author to be at Paris library March 13
Author and columnist Mike Lunsford will be at the Paris (Ill.) Public Library at 6:30 p.m. CST today to speak and sign books, particularly "A Windy Hill Almanac."
- Concert listings: March 13, 2014
- Live events listing: March 13, 2014
- Theater listings: March 13, 2014
Country singer/songwriter from Illinois to perform at The Verve
Up-and-coming country singer/songwriter Troy Stone of Paris, Ill., will perform from 10 p.m. to 1 a.m. March 14 in The Verve at 677 Wabash Ave.
'Dinosaur Zoo Live' brings prehistoric creatures to life
Kids of all ages will have the chance to get up close and personal with a menagerie of prehistoric creatures at 3 and 7 p.m. Sunday when Erth's "Dinosaur Zoo Live" comes to Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology's Hatfield Hall for two shows.
Gallery presents 'Halcyon Days' exhibit
Halcyon Art Gallery is presenting the regional juried exhibition, "Halcyon Days 2014," on view from Friday until March 28. The opening reception will take place from 7 to 9 p.m. on Friday. This is the ninth in a series of juried exhibitions showcasing the best of contemporary art in all media.
See dinosaurs, Dr. Seuss characters at Children's Museum
On Sunday, March 9, Terre Haute Children's Museum guests will be in for a special treat. Prehistoric creatures from Erth's "Dinosaur Zoo" will be roving the museum, and Dr. Seuss characters will come to life when the Children's Theatre of Terre Haute presents "Seussical Jr."
Make a toast March 7 to benefit Susan G. Komen
The community is invited to drink in the sights of the restored Indiana Theatre at "A Taste … A Toast … A Cure," an event to benefit Susan G. Komen of the Wabash Valley.
Dinner/auction event March 9 to benefit heart patient
"A Heart for Dustin" benefit will begin at 3 p.m. Sunday, March 9, in AMVETS Post 222 on Fifth Avenue in Terre Haute.
March library exhibit inspired by 'Magnificent Ambersons'
Artists from River City Art Association and the Wabash Valley Art Guild in Terre Haute will feature works inspired by the 2014 Wabash Valley Big Read selection, "The Magnificent Ambersons."
White Violet Center to host March 8 nuno felting class
A new fiber class at White Violet Farm Alpacas, a ministry of the Sisters of Providence, was so popular the organization is offering it again in March.
Meet and greet March 7 at Tater & Joe's Coffee Grounds
An informal meet and greet at the new Tater & Joe's Coffee Grounds ,423 Wabash Ave., begins at 6 p.m. on Friday.
- Museums/Exhibitions: March 6, 2014
- Concert listings: March 6, 2014
- Theater listings: March 6, 2014
- More Bash Headlines
Community Theatre to bring Tony Award-winning play to stage


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engine - 5:43 pm on Jan 3, 2012 (gmt 0)
Google Picks Up IBM Patents, Including 'computer phone' [techradar.com] We're sure the term 'computer phone' is just about to catch on, so congratulations to Google which has acquired the patent for just that from IBM.
The newly acquired patent gives Google ownership of "a computer integrated cordless phone" and will probably come in handy in the company's legal battles with the likes of Apple and Microsoft that are set to continue this year.
During the last week of 2011, Google acquired 'computer phone' and another 187 granted patents plus 29 pending patents from IBM – no word on how much cash the deal set Google back.


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Things to do in Cornwall
With miles of stunning coastline, rolling moorland, protected heathland, enough beaches to visit one every day of the year, our exciting art scene and World Heritage Sites, Cornwall both on and off the water has endless possibilities for everyone who visits.
We have tried to capture the quintessential Cornwall through our Out and About pages, we welcome input from anyone who has a special walk, activity, favourite place or view that we haven't yet incorporated. Just click here to give us your suggestion


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Keywords: art print, art prints, clipart, clip art, image, images, picture, pictures, posters, photo, photos, poster, photograph, photographs, stock photo, stock photos, stock photography, web graphics , cascades, chuck f koonce, creek, creeks, environment, environmental, flowing, flowing water, forest, forests, inspiration, inspirational, mountains, nature, oregon, oregon rivers, outdoors, outside, peaceful, river, rivers, rivers of washington, scenic, scenics, southern oregon, stream, streams, washington state, water, waterfall, waterfalls
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New! Gander Mountain Zero Gravity Deluxe XL Lounger
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Enjoy our smart timetables and great service and book your flights today!
Flight time: 9 hours 35 minutes
Distance: 7,821 km
Check-in has to be completed:


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MOUNT VERNON -- An elections complaint filed earlier this week against county treasurer candidate Renee McDaniel has been withdrawn.
MOUNT VERNON -- Community members continue to pour out support for Knox County Career Center's engineering drafting instructor Steve Jefferson as he remains on paid administrative leave.
On March 11, Banner readers found this little item: "Mr. Ericsson's iron-clad steamer, called the Monitor, went to sea on Thursday for some unknown destination. The armament consists only of two eleven-inch columbiads."
LEXINGTON -- The Centerburg Trojans are now sailing in uncharted waters.
REYNOLDSBURG -- The Mount Vernon Yellow Jackets season came to an end at the hands of the No. 2 seeded Walnut Ridge Scots on Wednesday.


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The Expose coffee table consists of complex laminations of birch ply and wood veneer which interlock at angles to form a three-point leg structure that supports a toughened glass top.
The birch ply is left exposed on the edges forming a pleasing contrast with the surface veneer and ensuring that the design remains true to its materials. Bespoke finishes can be specified.
Design Alex MacMaster
Launch 2010
New Design Britain 2010. Highly Commended
The Wood Awards, 2009. Shortlisted
Dimensions (cm/in)
Height 35 cm / 13.8 in
Diameter 110 cm / 43.3 in


text: The soul is like a tree. The branches reaching high. To the sun with it's leaves. waving freely in the breezes. the heart is like the sky. beating to the beat, of the birds that fly. up to the heavens so high. the mind is a great feat. that leads us from harm. from what snaps at our feet. to the wisdom that we seek. the world is like a farm. it protects us from harm. in it's world wide arms. so we won't feel so alarm.


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ResultsForty-two percent of those assigned to the FN case study and 41% of those looking at the CFS case study responded that it was likely or very likely that the patient would improve, but only 16% in the ME condition thought it was likely or very likely that the patient would improve. This suggests that medical trainees perceive the ME label as being indicative of a more chronic and debilitating illness as compared to the labels of CFS or FN.
Fifty-four percent of individuals in the CFS condition indicated that the person was likely or very likely to have been correctly diagnosed, as compared with 28% and 19% from the ME and FN conditions, respectively. This was not surprising, since more medical trainees were probably aware of the term CFS than the terms FN or ME.
Forty-seven percent of those in the FN condition indicated that it was likely or very likely that the illness was the result of an undiscovered infection, cancer or other illness, whereas only 28% and 22% of those in the ME and CFS responded in this way. This was understandable, as many trainees probably had never encountered the term FN before, so they were more likely to perceive it as an illness that was due to another more explainable cause.
Other differences between the three name groups were not statistically significant but still of considerable interest. A greater proportion of trainees in the ME condition attributed the illness to medical causes (39%) as compared with trainees in the FN (30%) and CFS (22%) name conditions. Thus, it appears as though the ME name may have prompted more medical attributions than either the FN or CFS labels. When the medical trainees were asked how they would treat the patients illness, 67% of trainees in the CFS name condition indicated that they would use some form of psychiatric intervention to treat the patient (psychotherapy and/or psychotropic medication), as compared with 53% of trainees in the FN condition and 48% of trainees in the ME condition.
Also, only 3% of the entire sample of medical trainees indicated that it was likely or very likely that the patient was malingering (feigning illness for secondary gain) (5% for CFS, 3% for FN, and 0% for ME). With regard to the severity of the illness, 67% of the entire sample indicated that the illness described was severe or very severe (62% for CFS, 67% for FN, and 72% for ME). In terms of disability, 57% of the entire sample rated the patient as being severely or very severely disabled, and 82% of respondents rated the overall quality of life of the patient as moderately poor or very poor. Among the entire sample of medical trainees, 43% felt it was likely or very likely that the illness may be stress-related and 37% felt that the patient was suffering primarily from depression.
With respect to cognitive impairment and pain experienced by the patients, these items were rated as severe or very severe by only 10% and 19% of the entire sample of respondents, respectively. These findings indicate that all three labels are considered as having a serious negative effect on the overall quality of life (although not in terms of cognitive impairment or pain). In addition, results suggest that medical trainees do not consider these conditions as a result of malingering, although a minority of trainees indicated that the symptoms might be caused by either depression or stress. Thirty-six percent of respondents felt that it was likely or very likely that the patient would attempt suicide within the next two years.
Further analysis revealed that psychiatry residents were less likely than medical students to think of the patient as malingering. Also, psychiatry residents rated the quality of life of patients as significantly worse than did medical students, and they were more likely to think the patient might attempt suicide within the next two years.
At the end of the study, all the participants were asked a series of questions to ascertain their familiarity with CFS. There were no significant differences across the name groups. However, there were differences among the medical trainees by specialty--medical students, family practice residents and psychiatry residents.
For example, 100% of family practice and psychiatry residents had heard of CFS, but only 87% of medical students had heard of this syndrome. Only 21% of medical students had read an article about CFS, whereas 40% of family practice and 90% of psychiatry residents reported having read an article on this topic.
DiscussionIn general, findings indicated that medical students and residents considered the syndrome described as a serious health problem, regardless of whether it was labeled CFS, Florence Nightingale disease, or Myalgic Encephalopathy. Also, individuals appear to differ in their attributions about certain aspects of the illness depending upon the way it is labeled. These attributions may, in part, be due to the medical terminology contained in the Myalgic Encephalopathy label, which may lead individuals to think that the illness is more severe and is more likely to have biological underpinnings. There are many ways of interpreting findings such as these, but in general, it does appear that differential attributions arise from the use of these different labels. It was interesting that the psychiatric residents perceived the syndrome described as more serious and disabling than medical students or family practice residents. In addition, findings that psychiatric residents were more knowledgeable about CFS suggest that those who are in psychiatric residency programs may have more training and experience in treating patients with these types of complex disorders, and as a consequence, might be more willing to view syndromes such as CFS as serious, legitimate illnesses. It is possible that medical professionals and society at large feel uncomfortable with not knowing the cause of CFS. As a result, many may attribute psychosocial or psychological causes to the development of CFS as a means of reducing discomfort surrounding this ambiguity. When an illness is attributed to psychological factors or other characteristics of an ill individuals selfhood, and when the name of the illness tends to downplay the seriousness of its symptoms, the individual might be viewed as responsible for the development and "cure" of the illness. This process, while invalidating to patients, relieves medical professionals and society at large from the responsibility to develop programs for individuals and aggressively seek effective treatments and therapies. Many CFS activists have argued that the current name contributes to the invalidation and stigmatization process. Due to the controversy surrounding the name and diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome, people with the illness frequently face disbelieving attitudes from their doctors, family and/or friends, and many experience profound losses in their support systems. Name changes that have occurred with other illnesses have reduced stigma. For example, Gay Related Infectious Disease had less scientific information available when the name was changed to AIDS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) was previously thought to be caused by stress linked with Oedipal fixations. When the name of the disorder changed from hysterical paralysis to MS, when no more scientific information was available than we currently have for CFS, less stigma was associated with this illness. Some have argued that to rename CFS as Myalgic Encephalopathy or "ME" will only contribute to further stigma, because it is possible that CFS will become known as the "ME disease." The present study suggests that the use of the term Myalgic Encephalopathy does not appear to elicit negative types of attributions, at least in a sample of medical trainees. When a new disease syndrome emerges, such as CFS, studies on attributions can shape public policy. Issues involving medical legitimacy of the illness may influence federal and state resources allocated for research, prevention and intervention. The name given to this syndrome has been perceived, particularly by patient groups, to minimize its severity and its devastating consequences. To promote positive change, scientists should conduct more rigorously designed research that better measures attributions given to different names for this illness. There is a clear need for more research to help set the agenda for how we might conceptualize the benefits and limitations of different possible names for this syndrome.
Drs. Jason and Taylor and Zuzanna Stepanek are affiliated with DePaul University; Dr. Plioplys is affiliated with the University of Illinois.
Evaluating Attributions for an Illness Based upon its Name: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Myalgic Encephalopathy and Florence Nightingale Disease
AbstractIn recent years, considerable discussion has occurred about stigma surrounding the name of an illness currently known as chronic fatigue syndrome. Although patients and medical personnel have expressed varying opinions on this issue, few studies have evaluated how attributions about the illness change based upon the way it is named. In the present study, attributions about this illness were measured in three groups of medical trainees. All groups read the same case study of a person with classic symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome, with the only difference being in the way that the persons illness was named. Following the case study, the trainees were asked to provide attributions about certain aspects of the illness, including its cause, severity and prognosis. Findings indicated that medical trainee attributions toward this illness change based on prompting with different names to describe it. Implications of these findings are discussed herein.


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SMS Rage Faces - 2200+ Faces and Memes
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- Updated: Feb 11, 2014
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- © 2011 Robert Lemoine
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PHOTOS: Four Pets You Totally EmbarrassedNo more pictures – and definitely no more frilly pink dresses, please and thank you!
Credit: icanhascheezburger.com
Updated: Tuesday Dec 11, 2012 | 06:00 AM EST
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