text:
3 Year Old Eats Cicada A little boy lets a cicada crawl all over his face and enter his mouth. Mom looks on while the cicada is hanging off his tongue. 6/22/2011 12:00:00 AM 13,665
Watermelon Face Smash A drunk kid attempts to smash a watermelon with his head but fails on his first attempt. The second attempt is another fail, but this time he smashes his face into the ground. 6/15/2011 12:00:00 AM 28,686
Girlfriend Owned By Exercise Ball She takes a shot right to the face! This is one way to not get laid for a month! 5/6/2011 12:00:00 AM 40,453
Stupid Kid Sprays Fire Into His Face I swear, kids are getting dumber and dumber every day. Why would you spray fire into your face? 8/12/2013 8:30:00 PM 15,565
Bikini Girl Cliff Dive Face Flop Cliff diving fail at its best. I bet that hurt! 4/25/2011 12:00:00 AM 53,167
Biker Owned By Branch Something doesn't feel right? Do I have something on my face? 4/15/2011 12:00:00 AM 50,778
Chess or Checkers Tattoo For some reason this guy thought it would be cool to have a checker board tattooed to his head and face. 2/28/2011 12:00:00 AM 18,393
Roman Candle Duel Of course if you have a roman candle duel, someone has to take one to the face! 2/21/2011 12:00:00 AM 21,372


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TurboFire HIIT 25
do you ever work out so hard you can't stop coughing after? what is that? trying to catch your breath still like 20 minutes later? whatever it is i love it. HIIT 25 is seriously one of the hardest workouts for me- not sure why… maybe all the jumps? i can't even do them all [yet]! hopefully it'll help me kick some ass on my 5k this weekend! let the race season begin!
(also please cross your fingers for me today… marathon lottery results come in!)
- 1 year ago
Fit Villains: Selfish, Shameless, Sassy, Fitness.: Booty BLASTER - Pendulum Swings
If you need to get your ass in gear for bikini season, there are lots of exercises that can help you round out your assets. Combined with a little cardio, you can re-shape your buns & thighs with resistance moves that firm & burn calories.
I know I say it all the time, but this is one…
- 1 year ago
- 159

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This panel session was designed to assess the following questions:
What are the specific components of the functional capacity domains?
How are the specific components linked to demands of work?
Is it possible to develop a baseline of work requirements? Can the Department of Labor's Occupational Informational Network (O*NET) be used or adapted to meet the Social Security Administration's (SSA) need for an occupational classification system?
The topic of this panel is central to the SSA disability decision process. Inherent in the SSA statutory definition of disability is a need to link impairment with inability to perform substantial gainful activity (SGA). Impairment alone, however, is not sufficient to meet the test of disability. Functional capacity is the concept linking impairment to the ability to perform SGA. Work requirements are a way to specify the components of work and the abilities, skills, and other activities needed to perform competitive work.
A systematic and valid method for linking impairment-related functional capacities with work requirements and the ability to perform SGA would be highly desirable in a redesigned SSA disability decision process. It is important
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Measuring Functional Capacity and Work Requirements: Summary of a Workshop
Linking Components of Functional Capacity Domains with Work Requirements
This panel session was designed to assess the following questions:
What are the specific components of the functional capacity domains?
How are the specific components linked to demands of work?
Is it possible to develop a baseline of work requirements? Can the Department of Labor's Occupational Informational Network (O*NET) be used or adapted to meet the Social Security Administration's (SSA) need for an occupational classification system?
Howard Goldman, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine
The topic of this panel is central to the SSA disability decision process. Inherent in the SSA statutory definition of disability is a need to link impairment with inability to perform substantial gainful activity (SGA). Impairment alone, however, is not sufficient to meet the test of disability. Functional capacity is the concept linking impairment to the ability to perform SGA. Work requirements are a way to specify the components of work and the abilities, skills, and other activities needed to perform competitive work.
A systematic and valid method for linking impairment-related functional capacities with work requirements and the ability to perform SGA would be highly desirable in a redesigned SSA disability decision process. It is important
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to be clear about constructs before measuring them and to be concerned about the reliability and validity of measures of these constructs.
There may be a theory that connects impairments, functional capacities, and work requirements, but there are many links in the theoretical chain, complicating development of an effective disability determination process. Hence, it is important to be able to distinguish among the constructs—impairment, functional capacity, and work requirement. However, our current ability to do that is limited.
The boundaries between impairments and functional capacity limitations are not absolutely clear despite the various conceptual models developed. There also is the need to identify the specific characteristics that are said to make different components of these concepts operational. One needs to know whether an individual is demonstrating a manifestation of one or the other of these impairments and then must be able to rate them in terms of severity or their degree of limitation. Three levels of limitation have been identified up to this point in the process—conceptualization, identification of the conceptual state in an individual, and then the rating of it. The next step is to develop a cost-effective functional capacity process to do the determination, and then, finally, it has to be implemented in the real world.
The multiplicative effect of error in determination of disability demonstrates that it is hard to make this process totally accurate. Research is needed to perfect abilities to measure in order to move the field closer to the ideal of accuracy in disability determinations. Three real-world examples relevant to linking assessment of functional capacity to work in the disability determination process, together with related research, can be described:
Review of the reliability of the Social Security Administration's psychiatric and mental impairment standards in the early 1980s: Many people's benefits were terminated as a result of the redetermination. A disproportionate number of people taken off the disability rolls had mental impairments. This led to a reexamination of the mental impairment standards, or Listings of Impairments, used in SSA's disability determination process. The review found that the Listings already made an implicit link between impairment, in this case a mental condition, and functional limitation. The listings had embedded in them both assessment of the severity of one's impairments in mental functioning and measures of functional capacity, such as activities of daily living, the ability to perform them, the ability to concentrate, and the ability to interact socially. The mental impairment standards were revised; not surprisingly the functional capacity measurement remained part of the determination process at the listing level. Since mental impairment influences the whole person and the ability to do certain things, these functional capacity measures clearly need to be embedded in the listing.
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The problem of lack of clarity in the conceptual framework is illustrated by the example of concentration measure. Some view this measure as an impairment and not a functional limitation. Revised standards were tested to see if clinicians could do a better job ascertaining disability and agree among themselves on a determination of disability. A very high degree of agreement was found except in very difficult cases with limited documentation or confusing case histories. This experience showed that listings structured in this manner could be useful, but that there were limitations in making these assessments—lack of information, lack of clarity about these constructs, whether they were related to each other, and how long a person had or was likely to have these particular functional limitations.
One of the measures in the multi-axial approach to psychiatric diagnosis focuses on social functioning. A measure of global assessment of functioning that has been around for many years involves rating on a single ordinal scale the severity of a person's psychological functioning together with the severity of social and occupational functioning globally. At times it can be very difficult to rate particular cases, especially when there is not a high degree of correlation between the severity of psychopathology and social functioning. The conclusion was to separate the assessment of social and occupational functioning from the symptom severity measure. Physicians, unlike nonphysician raters, found it difficult, even with training, to think about social and occupational functioning without thinking about symptom severity. This finding speaks to the limits in the ability to go from concept to implementation. Even after the constructs are made clear and anchors provided in the instruments, the conceptual framework does not always work well in practice.
As part of its contract with SSA, The American Institutes of Research (AIR) is attempting to link functional capacity measures with work requirements, using a large matrix for rating purposes. They asked a group of raters who are knowledgeable in the subject to rate the extent to which a specific component of functional capacity (called "functional assessment constructs") is related to various demands of work from the O*NET on a 9-point ordinal scale. The scale ranged from "0" (no relationship) to ''8" (strongly related). In some cases no relationship could be imagined between the constructs (e.g., between arm strength and attention to detail); in other cases the constructs are identical (e.g., between mathematical reasoning and using mathematics in an occupation).
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As part of this effort, the specific functional capacity domains, the components of work requirements from the O*NET,6 and the experience of trying to assess the relationship between them were reviewed.
Specific functional assessment constructs included sensory, physical, cognitive-intellectual, emotional stability, general work behavior, activities of daily living, and medical conditions affecting work. Each domain contains a subset of conceptual factors (36 in all). For example, the sensory domain includes factors for hearing, vision, smell, and cutaneous sensation. Hearing is subdivided into two "functional categories": auditory receptive safety, and the other for auditory receptive communication. There are 89 functional categories in all, each of which is the smallest subunit of functional assessment constructs.
This review considered five major categories of specific work requirements and demands: abilities, skills, work styles, general work activities (GWAs), and work context. Other O*NET domains include knowledge, education, training, experience, and licensing. Abilities include oral comprehension, memorization, finger dexterity, and depth perception, for example. Skills include reading comprehension, troubleshooting, and time management. Work styles include initiative, integrity, and innovation. GWAs include processing information, thinking creatively, developing and building teams, and staffing organizational units. Work context includes formality of communication, conflict situations, body position (e.g., sitting), and level of competition.
For example, oral comprehension is considered a work requirement in O*NET, that is, there are jobs that demand that you be able to demonstrate oral comprehension. Some other examples are a functional assessment measure for verbal communication, a math reasoning requirement for some jobs, and a functional assessment measure also called math reasoning. Then there is a stamina measure and an endurance measure. These measures have a high degree of relationship.
However, when it comes to psychiatric listings and some functional assessment measures that deal with the whole person in the context of certain roles, there is a blurring of these functional assessment measures and work requirements. This is more clearly seen in the measures chosen as the "B criteria" for functional limitation in SSA's listings of mental impairment. Activities of daily living (ADL), for example, are listed as functional assessment measures. ADLs speak to whether one
O*NET was not designed with disability assessment in mind. Ratings and data used to develop the system were not made with any consideration of specific impairments and functional limitations associated with disability. They may still work for SSA's disability determination and probably represent an improvement over the previous process of Residual Functional Capacity determination, which used the "grids" based on the Dictionary of Occupational Titles.
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can accomplish the task of getting to the workplace, but O*NET, in the specification and requirements of work, does not deal with whether one can get to the workplace at all.
Then there are the issues of adaptation such as can the person deal with changes that might occur. These are constructs that are related to the whole person that should be thought of as functional assessment measures, and are clearly related to the ability to work in any work situation. Concentration at the extreme is one of the most basic mental functions. If you cannot attend, many other mental functions, and subsequently whole body functions, cannot be performed.
There are some fundamental functional assessments that, if measured in the extreme and rated at the extreme in an individual, preclude virtually all work. Impairments characterized by such extremes in function could be considered as universally disabling. The question—Are there certain functional capacity measures that, when below a particular level, preclude all work?—should be considered in developing, measures of functional capacity to work. Social interaction is another example. Virtually all jobs require interaction with peers, coworkers or the public, and with supervisors.
In conclusion, it should be emphasized that linking occupational demands with functional assessment measures is central to disability determination. It is, at best, tricky, but it is a necessary challenge.
Edwin A. Fleishman, Ph.D.
Distinguished University Professor of Psychology, George Mason University, and President, Management Research Institute
This presentation summarizes a program of research, extending over 40 years, to develop methods that link job requirements to human capabilities for performing job tasks. Specifically, the presentation reviewed the research which identified abilities in the cognitive, psychomotor, physical, and sensory-perceptual domains of human performance. Second, the development of a job analysis method, designed to determine the levels of these different abilities required for jobs was described, as was a resource developed for linking specific tests to the abilities required in jobs. Finally, some examples of studies linking the ability and medical requirements of jobs were provided. This program eventually provided the conceptual and empirical foundation for the ability requirements section of the O*NET occupational classification system.
Identification of Ability Requirements. An initial program of research was concerned with the identification of psychomotor abilities accounting for perform
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ance in a wide range of human tasks. A series of factor analysis studies examined the intercorrelations among proficiencies of hundreds of subjects, performing a wide range of tasks requiring different kinds of motor performance skills. It was found that these tasks could be clustered into nine categories requiring common abilities. The underlying abilities accounting for these performances were identified as: control precision, multilimb coordination, reaction time, response orientation, timing, arm-hand steadiness, finger and manual dexterity, and speed of limb movement (see, for example, Fleishman, 1972). From the task requirements, it was possible to provide detailed specifications for each ability requirement. It was also possible to identify the tests that were most diagnostic of each ability. It was shown that the kinds of motor abilities involved in psychomotor tasks were independent of the types of motor performance required in physically demanding tasks.
At the time, many terms were in use to describe physical performance, such as speed, agility, muscular endurance, and strength, but no one was sure about the most appropriate categories, their definitions, generality, overlap, and so forth. Also, the tests most diagnostic of various physical abilities had not been specified. Subsequently, in a series of factor analysis studies, involving the administration of comprehensive batteries of physical tests to several hundred subjects, nine physical ability factors were identified from the correlations among their performances. These included four strength factors (static, dynamic, explosive, and trunk strength), two flexibility factors, an equilibrium factor, a gross-body coordination factor, and a stamina (cardiovascular endurance) factor. It was possible to define these different abilities quite precisely in terms of the tasks to which they extended and to delimit their generality. Detailed definitions of these physical abilities have been provided (Fleishman, 1964; Fleishman and Reilly, 1992). Furthermore, it was possible to specify the tests most diagnostic of these abilities, where each test had high reliability and high factor loadings on particular abilities (see Fleishman, 1964, 1969; Myers et al., 1993). Extensive factor analytic and experimental research by many investigators has been carried out in the cognitive and sensory-perceptual domains as well (Carroll, 1993; Fleishman and Reilly, 1992).
Development of an Abilities Taxonomy and a Job Analysis System. In a program originally sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense, an extensive project on taxonomic issues relevant to human performance research and measurement was carried out (summarized in Fleishman and Quaintance, 1984). As a facet of this work, alternative ways to estimate the ability requirements of jobs and job tasks were examined. One extensive effort concerned the development of a job analysis methodology for rating job tasks in terms of their ability requirements (Fleishman, 1975; 1979; 1982). The methodology developed involved presenting very carefully defined abilities, based on the best factor analysis research information about the ability, and a series of rating scales containing empirically derived task anchors repre-
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sentative of that ability at different points on each scale. The positions of these anchors on each scale were obtained empirically.
Fifty-two such scales were developed covering the abilities in the cognitive, sensory-perceptual, psychomotor, and physical domains of human performance. These rating scales have been combined into the Fleishman Job Analysis Survey (F-JAS) (Fleishman, 1992). Respondents, including either job incumbents, supervisors, or job analysts, examine jobs or job tasks and assign them scale values on each of the ability rating scales. The mean scores of these groups of raters provides the job's ability requirements profile. Thousands of jobs have now been studied and interrater reliabilities are high. There is also very high agreement between profiles obtained from incumbents, supervisors, and job analysts (see, for example, Fleishman and Mumford, 1991).
A recent line of research has examined the domain of interpersonal abilities, most relevant to jobs involving interactions with others. The resulting taxonomy, ability definitions, and behaviorally task-anchored rating scales have been developed for 21 such abilities (e.g., social confidence, dependability, social sensitivity) (Abod et al., 1996). These scales have now been incorporated as a part of the F-JAS job analysis methodology.
Thus, we have five domains of human abilities (cognitive, psychomotor, physical, sensory-perceptual, and interpersonal), each composed of distinct abilities with differential relations to job performance. Extensive use of these methods has produced tests and assessment methods with empirical validity in predicting on the job performance (see, e.g., Fleishman, 1988; Fleishman and Mumford, 1991). The Handbook of Human Abilities (Fleishman and Reilly, 1992) has been developed; it provides specifications for tests that measure each ability as well as examples of available published tests that measure each ability. In this publication, commercially available tests are classified according to the ability measured within each functional assessment domain.
Ability Requirements and O*NET. The research described provided a foundation for the ability requirements subsequently included in O*NET. Research in the O*NET project assisted in the refinement of these scales and their tryout on a national sample of jobs. The reliability and utility of the scales were confirmed in this study (Fleishman et al., 1996). A database describing the levels of each of the 52 abilities required in more than 1,200 occupations has been developed (Peterson et al., 1996). Thus, the ability requirements of occupations can be described in the same terms as the functional assessment measures. A challenge for O*NET is to see if the system can identify jobs with minimal requirements suitable for individuals with different medically disabling conditions.
Relating These Methods to Medical Symptomatologies and Impairments in Jobs. The importance of providing relevant information about job requirements that can be linked to information about disabilities, medical symptomatologies and diagnosis, and rehabilitation was discussed. Recent attempts in reengineering
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major disability assessment programs require better information about the job tasks that individuals with different disabilities can and cannot perform safely and effectively. This part of the presentation briefly mentioned some of these issues and described some prototype demonstrations of how the types of information provided by the F-JAS ability requirement scales have been utilized previously by those concerned with these problems in the workplace.
One line of work involved classifying jobs in terms of common levels of requirements in each of the F-JAS physical ability scales (Fleishman, 1988). Occupational medical specialists were able to link disqualifying symptomatologies in relation to the different levels of job ability requirements (e.g., Gebhardt et al., 1981; Fleishman, 1988; Hogan et al., 1978). In other studies (e.g. Fleishman et al., 1996), the linkage of information obtained from the rating, methodology to physiological and ergonomic indices of work capacity was demonstrated. Other applications of these ability scales involved development of a computerized support system integrating information about the physical requirements of jobs with diagnostic procedures practiced by physicians for use in occupational health and personnel services (Halpern, 1996). The O*NET system, which includes ability requirement scales, has considerable potential for providing information relevant in dealing with the issues discussed in this presentation.
Cille Kennedy, Ph.D.
Assistant Director for Disability Research, National Institute of Mental Health
At the heart of the Social Security Administration's two disability programs, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), is the statutory definition of disability. It is defined by the Social Security Act as the ''inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months" (Social Security Act, sec. 23(d)(1)(A)). The definition of disability can only be changed by an act of Congress. The regulations that put it into operation can be modified more readily. The following presentation will be based on this definition of disability and the notion that the way that it is implemented has the potential for change.
Three elements relate to this workshop on functional capacity and work requirements for the Institute of Medicine's Social Security disability study. The first is work. What is it? What are general and specific work requirements that SSA needs to consider? The second is functional capacity. What can the person do? What functional abilities and limitations does the person have that relate to work? The third element is how to fit them all together. What can the person do—or what can be predicted that the person could do—on a routine basis for
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the customary workweek, under usual work conditions, that are activities which constitute work in our national economy?
The examples used in this presentation are taken from mental health. They are, however, not exclusive to mental disorders; they are equally applicable to all disorders. People with mental disorders who are disabled for work are the largest proportion of people currently receiving Social Security disability benefits in both the SSI and SSDI programs. Over the last decade, both the actual number of people receiving benefits on the basis of mental disorders as well as the proportion of beneficiaries receiving SSA disability benefits on the basis of mental disorders has increased. In addition, people with mental disorders who are receiving SSDI and SSI benefits are younger than people who are receiving benefits on the basis of other health conditions. They are in their prime earning years and, because people do not tend to die from chronic mental disorders, they are likely to remain on the disability roles.
In linking functional capacity with work requirements, this presentation focused on mental health, disability for work, and the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification for Impairments, Activities, and Participation (ICIDH-2). The ICIDH-2 offers a new conceptual model and a refined and expanded taxonomy that is intended for application in social security programs. Each item in the ICIDH-2 has an operational definition and at least one rating scale. In addition, research disablement assessment instruments, being developed in an independent project, are based on the ICIDH-2 and are intended for use both in surveys and in clinical settings. These research questionnaires could be adapted for the assessment of the ability to perform work and employment-related activities.
An International Task Force on Mental Health and Addictive, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Developmental Aspects of ICIDH has been established. It is charged with looking at: (1) the consequences of mental and addictive, behavioral, cognitive, and developmental disorders, and (2) the mental health aspects of any other disease or disablement, that is, any issue arising because of any impairment, disability, or handicap that deals with the mental well-being of a person. The task force is responsible for these areas in the ICIDH-2. To fulfill this responsibility, it is depending not only on expert opinion, but also is conducting international field trials of the concepts, clarity, organization, cultural sensitivity, and innovations to build an empirical base either to substantiate the draft document or to indicate areas in need of additional revision. Representation on the task force from the United States includes professional organizations such as the American Psychiatric Association; people with disabilities and their advocates, such as the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill; private disability insurance companies; and U.S. federal agencies, including SSA. The task force would like to see increased participation by SSA to make the work and the associated functional capacities classified in ICIDH-2 relevant and practical for application in SSA's disability determination.
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ICIDH-2 conceptualizes three key dimensions of disablement. Each dimension is subclassified into domains and items that are each more detailed aspects of each dimension. The first dimension, impairments, classifies body parts or body systems (such as mental functions, including attention and memory) or organ systems (such as cardiovascular and respiratory functions). The second dimension, activities, classifies the activities in which people are typically engaged. These range from the very basic activities of movement of limbs through such fundamental activities of daily life as grooming and bathing (commonly known as activities of daily living) to more complex activities such as work. The third dimension classifies participation, the involvement of the person in life situations. (A fourth dimension, context, has been proposed by ICIDH-2 and is conceptualized as extrinsic factors that have positive or negative impact on functioning, performance, and involvement.) An example of participation in work would include an individual who is capable of working at the level of performing all the activities required of and related to a job, but is not hired because of a diagnosis of a mental disorder. This situation is one the Americans for Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted to eliminate. The person might not be considered as disabled for the activity, but is systematically denied participation in work. Note that the contextual factors that impinge on or foster participation, for example, the lack or existence of such legislation as the ADA, are mutable. Other factors are changeable as well. For instance, the unions won the number of hours in the current workweek after many years of effort. This is currently described in SSA regulations as the "customary workweek." Actual employment has been traditionally operationalized using the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT). SSA is currently considering the use of a grid called O*NET being developed to replace DOT.
For the purpose of SSA's determination of disability claims based on mental disorders, the ICIDH-2 Impairment chapter on mental functions and the Activities chapter that includes work are appropriate and applicable. They contain components that can be rated for purposes of adjudicating disability claims. Indeed, SSA's standards and guidelines were reviewed for input in developing the Activities section on work. It is not difficult to understand that mental impairment items such as attention, for instance, are necessary to work. Focusing attention, sustaining attention, and shifting attention are needed skills in both manual and nonphysical occupations. It is stating the obvious to note that recent memory and remote memory are also fundamental to all types of employment. The mental impairment of executive functioning may not apply to all types of work. As delineated in ICIDH-2, it includes concept formation, planning, flexibility, and judgment. Although the name of the mental function (i.e., executive function) is not intended to reflect the employment hierarchy, it does more suitably describe professional and supervisory work requirements than basic manual labor.
In the ICIDH-2 Activities dimension, work is currently classified along with school-related activities, since they tend to be differentiated by age rather than
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the actual task the person is performing. For example, among the basic work activities are following directions, working independently, and working in groups. Both work and school require such other generic activities as attending regularly, being punctual, and responding to feedback. ICIDH-2 has a section on work acquisition and retention skills: it is not enough for a person to be able to get a job, the person has to be able to maintain it. Furthermore, there are items in other Activities chapters that classify work-related activities already acknowledged by SSA. For example, the ICIDH-2 chapter on Interpersonal Behaviors includes a section on interacting with persons in formal settings, that contains interaction with coworkers, superiors, and subordinates. The ICIDH-2 dimensions, domains, and items—along with their operational definitions—could be used by SSA to document relevant functions and activities, rate the person's performance on each item, and calculate the person's ability to work.
The above examples of ICIDH-2 Impairments and Activities highlight some of the basic functional capacities generic to work. The statutory definition of disability does not specify certain jobs; it states "substantial gainful activity" and can be understood to mean paid employment in the general economy. In the determination process, items such as those from ICIDH-2 would need to be assessed on the basis of being able to perform them on a continuous basis, over workweeks, over time, once the connection of ICIDH-2 Impairments and Activities to actual work is made.
Two examples of studies funded by the National Institute for Mental Health highlight the kinds of research that can be drawn upon in the process of revisiting SSA's disability determination process. They are predicated on and further examine the relationships between mental functions and work. Studies such as these begin to expand the boundaries of traditional research in rehabilitation associated with mental disorders. The studies illustrate the association of particular mental functions with specific activities, provide empirical support for the statutory definition of disability, and can be applied as the framework for developing both a process and guidelines for SSA's disability determination. Although not consciously designed with the ICIDH-2 model in mind, they show that the ICIDH-2 is in line with current conceptualization of disablements in the research community.
Finally, the ICIDH-2 is linked to WHO research instruments that assess disablements, as noted above. At present, along with the two versions of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS-II) (instruments intended for clinical and survey research), there is a checklist for use in clinical practice that can provide an overview of a person's disablement, and a 12-item screening questionnaire. All of these could be used sequentially as part of the medical evidence or as a way of documenting the review of disability claims. The checklist provides the overview of the person's functioning, the screener identifies what areas should be examined in more depth, and the WHO DAS-II offers a more detailed picture of the person's functioning, performance, and involvement. Clearly, these instruments are not designed currently for direct application by SSA, but they offer
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an alternative that could be adapted for disability benefit determination purposes. The advantage they offer is that the assessment instruments are being developed based on a research protocol that will determine their scientific and psychometric properties.
In summary, aspects of functional capacity, components of work, and ways of fitting the two together have been depicted with mental health examples. The WHO ICIDH-2 offers a conceptual model and taxonomy that is substantiated by research. In addition, there are disablement assessment instruments based on ICIDH-2 that can be adapted to SSA's disability determination. As mentioned, mental health has been used illustratively; the ICIDH-2 and the research instruments are designed for use with all health conditions.
The Public Health Service establishes goals for health every 10 years. One of the recommendations for Healthy People 2010 is to have every medical encounter form include an assessment of functioning and to use it for purposes of reimbursement and accreditation. ICIDH-2 has been recommended as the system to use. This move will also begin to build a base from which the SSA can request functional status information as part of medical evidence. ICIDH-2 can be used as the basis for determining disability both in the standards and in the evidence supplied.
Some of the key issues that surfaced during the general discussion are:
The focus of the human performance research has been on capacity to do specific tasks and their correspondence to what people do in work. However, an issue remains concerning the predictive validity of the capacity to do those kinds of tasks at a broader level, that is, to do actual work, actual employment, actual performance of the work, and not just specific tasks. Studies have been conducted in various companies using performance criteria on the job. These studies have shown the correlation between performance on these tasks of either applicants or people who have just been hired and their subsequent performance on the job. The question that still needs to be answered is: Can these assessments made with job applicants be applied to people who are applying for benefits and not jobs? The existing literature needs to be examined intensively for leads and for application in the disability determination work.
Disability assessment and determining disability according to the statutory definition are different tasks; the application of the assessment is to a specific job, not to any or all jobs in the national economy.
To phrase the issue another way: Are there certain areas of functional capacity that are associated with a high degree of correlation with a vast
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number of work requirements, such that they are embedded in virtually all work and where incapacity in the area would preclude a vast array of work? However, with many new jobs emerging in the economy, answering this question would be enormously complex and involves forecasting what work is going to look like in a global economy, what will be the requirements of those jobs, and whether one can begin to develop some descriptive components of those jobs (or requirements), and then begin to identify the skill sets that go into them.
Moreover, as different components of performance of a job are defined, inevitably from a research or conceptual perspective, it gets increasingly complicated, and the complexity makes any practical application difficult. Two separate questions emerge: (1) Is there a way to reduce complexity in a manner that has practical application for the SSA definition; and (2) With a less complex set of factors, how does one establish a threshold for the low level of incapacity? The question, then, is whether the human performance research generalizes to that setting and whether such assessment would matter.
Skills other than physical capacity will be needed for jobs in the future, and both the workplace environment and the person should be assessed. The issue of accommodations becomes crucial. Therefore, continuing to emphasize only the person in determining capabilities and eligibility for benefits is doing a disservice to people with disabilities. The ICIDH-2 should be considered seriously as a conceptual framework and a potential classification system, because it now includes components of environment.
SSA makes three to four million decisions every year as to which applicants are disabled and who is eligible for disability benefits. It therefore needs a decision process that is better than what it has now. The NAS committee's second interim report raised several important questions about what the problems are, the likelihood of other approaches being better, and the options available to SSA. SSA faces the daunting challenge to develop a process with more specificity than the determination process currently in place. It has to be able to implement nationally whatever process develops, and the redesigned process has to allow SSA to make better decisions. The disability program started with the medical listings. Over time they have come to be a proxy for a lot of people for the decision on work disability. There are real questions about how good a proxy these listings are for the decision about whether a person can work or not. Also, SSA has noted that several of the listings have incorporated functional definitions along with the purely medical impairments basis. That was the genesis of increased emphasis by SSA on function in deciding if the individual is engaged in substantial gainful activity, that is to say, is the person able to work.


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Miami hotel reviews: $100 - $200
7 cheap hotels in Miami reviewed by EuroCheapo (See more hotels in Miami by doing a CheapoSearch)
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Address 825 Washington Avenue (Miami Beach)
The Clinton Hotel & Spa is a full-service four-star property located within walking distance of Miami's most active beaches.
2Red South Beach Hotel
starAddress 3010 Collins Avenue (Miami Beach)
The Hotel Red South Beach (formerly the Habana Libre Resort) is an oceanfront property with 74 rooms.
Address 1424 Collins Avenue (Miami Beach)
Situated in Miami Beach's Art Deco district, the two-star Riviere South Beach Hotel offers apartment-style rooms in a boutique hotel setting. The hotel is within walking distance of many shops and the Versace House.
Address 1850 Collins Avenue (Miami Beach)
Situated on the vibrant Collins Avenue in Miami Beach, the three-star Dorchester Hotel & Suites offers a variety of suites with standard amenities. From the Dorchester, it's a short walk to the shops and galleries in Miami's historic Art Deco district.
5Blue Moon Hotel
starAddress 944 Collins Avenue (Miami Beach)
The four-star Blue Moon Hotel, centrally located in Miami Beach's Art Deco district and within walking distance of the beach, offers 75 recently-renovated rooms.
6Albion Hotel
starAddress 1650 James Avenue (Miami Beach)
Located in the heart of Miami's Art Deco district and just steps from the beach, the Albion offers 100 newly renovated rooms.
Address 1420 Ocean Drive (Miami Beach)
The all-suite Crescent Resort on South Beach is a three-star property located on Ocean Drive in central Miami.
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Patient Comments: Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu) - Effective TreatmentsHow long did the symptoms of your stomach flu last? Was there anything in particular that helped with pain/symptom relief?
Comment from: Barry, 55-64 Male (Patient)
Published: November 04
I got gastroenteritis while I was on vacation. Vomiting and severe diarrhea. When I got home I went to my GI doctor because by that time it had been 5 days and I was getting dehydrated. He gave me Flagyl and within a couple of days I was feeling much better. Was this comment helpful?Yes
Comment from: Dr troy, 35-44 Male (Patient)
Published: January 03
After 2 kids and wife got sick, I ended up with stomach flu. I had watery diarrhea, then nausea and headache. Best cure was bed and heating pad, get hot! Fever kills the virus. Drink fluids when you can. Zofran helped the kids. I did not get the vomiting. But the kids and wife, vomited within 30 seconds of feeling stomach pain. Rest and fever then chills helped. Once my fever broke I was on the mend. Was this comment helpful?Yes
Published: July 22
Mine started at 5:30 am with some fierce diarrhea. Then I started getting nauseous during the diarrhea episodes and wouldn't know which end it was coming out of first. The forceful vomiting caused the diarrhea to squirt out everywhere and I had to throw away my pants and get in the shower. The vomiting lasted a couple more hours. Then it was nausea, heartburn, stomach gurgling/noises for the next week. Horrible time! The only thing that helped was drinking tiny sips of ice water and Propel water. Was this comment helpful?Yes
Published: July 21
My symptoms usually last about a week, maybe longer. And that depends upon how soon I can see my Dr. for him to prescribe an antidiarrheal, anti spasmodic and pain reliever. Librax helped, but made me pretty dizzy & a bit groggy. Levsin also helped quite a bit. I chewed Maalox chewables for the incredible belching. That worked pretty well. When the cramping, diarrhea and dry heaves were over, the pain sometimes persisted as well as a lot of shakiness. I took Ativan that worked well for the shakiness. Was this comment helpful?Yes
Published: June 20
Day one: I started the day with an irritating stomach cramp. It progressed into severe nausea by the afternoon. Uncontrollable vomiting and watery stools ensued. I would vomit to the point of painful dry-heaving and almost passing out. By the time it exhausted me, my lips had a weird tingly sensation, and then I had a cold sweat. This same cycle would continue for nearly 10 hours with only half an hour in between at best. Before I would get sick again, I would get progressive shortness of breath that turned into heaving. I tried to keep down water and Gatorade. Day two: I slept through most of the night from exhaustion. By the time I awoke, I was completely dehydrated. I had severe stomach pain. I drank minimal amounts of fluid because my stomach would easily be overloaded. My BMs were watery for most of the day. I had shortness of breath with the lack of energy. I vomited any food eaten. Day three: I had to work today. I shouldn't have though. I kept down most of my fluids but any food eaten triggered vomiting. The color returned to my stool but it is far from solid. I just got home, and I'm going to rest until I can finally be well again. Was this comment helpful?Yes
Comment from: Cocopuffs, 25-34 Male (Patient)
Published: August 13
I have had this viral infection for about 5 days already. I only get nausea no vomit and i do not have diarrhea. I have some abdominal pain, i feel like i have a fever, my ears feel warmer than usual, eyes feel like when you are catching a cold and my neck feels tired and stiff. My stool still has yellow mucus I read it was the stomach enzymes (stomach producing too much so it can smooth out things in there). It is also a little black. I went to ER they gave me IV fluids, checked for blood in stool it was negative told me it was viral it will go away. It gets bad in the mornings the nausea and dizziness tiredness all that. I Drink ORS (oral re-hydration solutions) buy at pharmacy, vegetable soup, crackers, toast, water, apple sauce. can some one tell me if it has lasted more than 8 days? thanks Was this comment helpful?Yes
Patient CommentsViewers share their comments
Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu) - Diagnosis
Question: How was your gastroenteritis (stomach flu) diagnosed?
Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu) - Symptoms
Question: What were the symptoms associated with your stomach flu?
Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu) - Causes
Question: If known, what do you think caused stomach flu in you, a friend, or relative?
Patient Comments are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your physician or other qualified health provider because of something you have read on MedicineNet. The opinions expressed in the comments section are of the author and the author alone. MedicineNet does not endorse any specific product, service or treatment. If you think you have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately. Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088. |


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Fav vacation spot: Balboa Island/Newport Beach. Nothing beats a ride on the island ferry or a sunny day playing in the sand. :)
Road Trip. What images are conjured up in your mind when you hear the words? Do you think back to college days? to friends piled in a barely functioning car with windows rolled down to preserve the gas singing along to popular music du jour? Or do you smile fondly remembering a minivan crammed w...
Thanks Cathy! Love the freebies!
I'm providing the content today for Tuesday Tutorials over at Ali Edwards' blog today. If you want to learn how to create multi-photo grids in Photoshop Elements, by all means, go check it out. Recording step-by-step videos takes time. I can't tell you how many times I stumble over my words and ...
Wow! I am totally in! I have always been active and able to eat pretty much what I want but since my 35th birthday my body and my body image has been on a downhill run. It bums me out everyday. I consider making time to exercise and I think about eating healthier, but everyday I fall back into the routine of making excuses and making poor (eating)choices. I am ready to make a change, I can't wait to keep reading! Thank you so much for sharing!
Taking Care of Ourselves July 6, 2006 What I've Learned In The Gym NO, STAY!!!! Don't let the title scare you…or the photo of dumbbells….just hear me out! I used to be afraid of the gym, too…. In a minute, I'm going to show you a photo of me…after I'd just spent 4 years losing 40 pounds. This i...


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Since Republicans took back the U.S. House in the 2010 elections, abortion has been a fairly constant theme. The House took eight separate abortion-related votes in 2011 — the most in a decade, according to NARAL Pro-Choice America.
Originally published on Thu June 7, 2012 5:35 pm
Damon Lindelof was a producer on the 2009 reboot of Star Trek, which seemed to win over loyal Trekkies. And this weekend Lindelof will earn the devotion — or wrath — of Alien fans. He helped write the screenplay for the new film Prometheus, an origin story for Ridley Scott's 1979 sci-fi classic.
Originally published on Thu June 7, 2012 3:54 pm
First of two parts
As Mexico approaches its election day on July 1, polls indicate the candidate for the opposition Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI, is well ahead and appears likely to return his party to power.
The PRI governed Mexico for seven decades until 2000, when it was tossed out by an electorate tired of a corrupt political machine. Now, discontent with the current leadership and the rampant drug-related violence has created an opening for the PRI to come back. Still, some Mexicans are queasy about the prospect of the party's resurgence.
Originally published on Thu June 7, 2012 1:58 pm
The National Weather Service's Climate Prediction Center issued an El Niño watch, today.
That means there is a 50 percent chance that El Niño — warmer than normal temperatures in the Pacific Ocean near the equator — will develop by next winter. As The Baltimore Sun reports, if this happens it will be the first time El Niño rears its head since 2009.
Originally published on Thu June 7, 2012 1:21 pm
Last.fm and eHarmony became the latest websites to suffer security breaches that put the passwords of some of their users at risk.
In a statement on its website, Last.fm, which tracks and recommends music, said it was investigating the leaked passwords and asked all its users to "change their passwords immediately."
The dating site EHarmony said it had reset the passwords of those members whose passwords had been compromised.
The state of Idaho's Liquor Division has changed its mind about Five Wives vodka.
The vodka, which as we said last week had been banned from Idaho's liquor stores because its name and label might offend women and Mormons, is going to be allowed to be sold in the state.
Originally published on Thu June 7, 2012 6:17 pm
The Philadelphia Orchestra has just wrapped up a 10-day visit to China, its seventh trip to the country over the past four decades.
But this trip was different.
The orchestra is preparing to come out of bankruptcy, and this tour was about its survival. It hopes to balance its books by building new audiences and new revenues in the world's second-largest economy.
Originally published on Thu June 7, 2012 2:38 pm
-- Updated at 4:33 pm ET --
No question Republicans supporting Mitt Romney's White House bid should and will be pleased that his campaign raised more money in May than President Obama's effort.
Originally published on Thu June 7, 2012 1:08 pm
Big-city mayors need to be able to do some basic things to keep their jobs.
Get the streets plowed. Fill the potholes. Make sure garbage is picked up. Take a bite out of crime. Love your local teams and extol the accomplishments of their heroes.
Apparently, Boston Mayor Tom Menino (D) can get away without doing very well on that last requirement.
Originally published on Thu June 7, 2012 1:25 pm
If cockroaches completely gross you out, then look away.


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Supporting running in the metro Richmond area
(Active RRRC Group as of 2013-11-19)
We meet at the Midlothian Athletic Club (formerly Robious Sports & Fitness Center) on Tuesdays at 6 PM for speed workouts. For more info, call Jay at 379-2686.
Members: 57
Latest Activity: Mar 4
Started by Jay Fournier Mar 4.
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Started by Jay Fournier Feb 11.
Started by Jay Fournier. Last reply by Chuck O'Boyle Feb 6.
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Hi Nick, yes we are an informal group and it doesn't cost anything to run with us. We are not members of the fitness center but we meet at their front door. We would love to have you run with us anytime. We meet at 6pm every Tuesday in front of Midlothian Athletic Club.
Hi everyone. My wife and I just moved to the Midlo Turnpike area and Ive been trying to find a group to train with for a few years now. Is this group an informal group unassociated with the fitness center? Is there a cost? I'm a pretty competitive runner with consistent 5K times in the upper 18/low 19 range.
You are welcomed to come out and run with us and see if you like it. You never know until you try. WE welcome all runners regardless of ability.
Hi I was wondering if you are a beginner looking to just speed up a bit for a 5K pace if you can participate in this group? I am new to running and just ran my first 5K this morning. I hate running alone so I was wanting to join a group. Is this OK, or do you need to be a bit more advanced/capable to join?
This group's size ranges from 1 to 15 with an average of 6. Their is a wide range of abilities depending on who shows up. You are welcomed to join us to see if you like the speed work.
What is the size/range of abilities for this group? I would like to incorporate speed work into my workouts, but have never focused on that before.
Join RRRC Today
Yearly membership in RRRC is $15 for individuals, $20 for families and $5 for students.
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Search on your name and select "renew". You can also check your membership expiration date.
© 2014 Created by Richmond Road Runners.


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Biting the hand?
Metro Councilman Josh Stites criticized two groups on his Twitter feed this morning, saying the Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce and the Greater Nashville Association of Realtors are simply "political pawns" when they say they support a property tax increase. Groups like the @RealtorsGNAR and @nashchamber can't be taken serious on the tax increase. They […]
State your case
Two Nashville organizations have come out in the past 24 hours to say where they stand on the downtown convention center project. The Greater Nashville Association of Realtors is for it, while the Service Employees International Union Local 205 is against it. Share on FacebookPosted In: Local


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Showing 1-1 of 1 Lake Resorts.
Lake Canadohta is Pennsylvania's second-largest natural lake, and it offers plenty of fun activity. Whether you're there for fishing, walking the scenic beach, or just sitting on the edge of the dock and dipping your toes into the water, you'll find lakeside fun at Lloyd's Cottages.... more
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Poll: Voters in both parties back abstinence ed
Posted on Oct 10, 2012 | by John Evans
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WASHINGTON (BP) -- A new national survey reveals widespread support for abstinence education across the political spectrum, with nearly 8 in 10 Democratic parents with school-aged children voicing their approval.
The survey commissioned by the National Abstinence Education Foundation shows a majority of parents from both political parties oppose President Obama's efforts to eliminate all federal funding for abstinence programs.
"Despite the fact that abstinence education critics insist that 'abstinence until marriage' is outdated, parents do not agree."
-- Study
"Although almost all of the polls are so close in the [presidential] election coming up on Nov. 6, if sex ed was on the ballot, abstinence education would win by a landslide," said Valerie Huber, NAEF's president. "I think that this survey showed that there is really unanimity among parents."
Titled Parents Speak Out, the survey indicates broad support for a Sexual Risk Avoidance (SRA) approach to sex education, which provides medically accurate information about contraceptives -- including their limitations -- within a framework that emphasizes delaying sexual activity until marriage.
The NAEF, in releasing the finding Oct. 9, voiced surprise "at how widespread the support was among all the major demographics that were studied in this survey."
Its key findings:
-- Support for SRA abstinence education transcends party lines.
The survey found that 87 percent of Republicans and 76 percent of Democrats support abstinence education, with overwhelming majorities voicing approval of SRA education's major tenets, which include, among other things: Encouraging renewed abstinence for the sexually active; providing contraceptive information within an abstinence context; providing information on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); informing students of the limitations of condoms; and alerting them to the emotional consequences of sex.
"Republicans and Democrats support the way that Abstinence Education addresses key topics," the study said. "They want sex education to place a priority on encouraging teens to avoid sex in order to avoid all sexual risk."
-- Parents support how the SRA approach discusses condom information.
The survey found that 90 percent of parents want their children to learn about the limitations of condom effectiveness, information that is not shared in a typical Sexual Risk Reduction (SRR) program, also known as "comprehensive" sex education. Parents felt so strongly about this subject, the study noted, they scored it higher than any other question.
-- Most parents want their children to wait until marriage for sex.
Overall, 78 percent of parents want their children to delay engaging in sex until marriage. That includes 73 percent of whites, 77 percent of Hispanics and 87 percent of African Americans.
"Despite the fact that abstinence education critics insist that 'abstinence until marriage' is outdated, parents do not agree," the study said.
-- Majorities of Democrats and Republicans oppose President Obama's efforts to eliminate all federal funding for SRA abstinence education.
The survey found that 58 percent of Democrats and 75 percent of Republicans oppose the president's actions regarding SRA funding. When informed that SRR "comprehensive" programs receive 16 times more funding than SRA abstinence education, about two-thirds of parents in both parties supported moving toward more equal funding.
-- Support for SRA abstinence education is stronger among women.
Although overwhelming majorities of both men and women expressed support for teaching the basic tenets of abstinence education, women support each of the tenets more strongly than men.
-- African American parents are the most supportive of SRA abstinence education's essential tenets.
Given the high rates of pregnancy and STDs among African American teens, the study notes that teen sexual activity seems to be of high concern to African American parents. Nearly 9 in 10 African American parents want their children to wait until marriage for sex, a higher level of support than parents in general. African American parents also voice more support for each of SRA's tenets than parents overall.
One African American parent told the survey, "I have been very opposed to sex education classes, the way they are being taught, because I do not feel it teaches enough about abstinence or the consequences behind it. So I am strongly in support of more funding and more education that focuses on [abstinence] education."
-- Most parents believe homosexual youth can benefit from abstinence education.
The survey notes that although few programs directed toward homosexual teens focus on SRA, 85 percent of parents believe all youth -- including homosexual youth -- can benefit from skills that help delay sex.
Huber says the results of the survey, which are based on interviews with 1,683 likely voters with children ages 9 to 16, should be a wakeup call to policy makers across the country.
"I think that this survey shows that overall, there's not a lot of disagreement here," Huber said, "and that the truth is, the current national sex education policy is clearly out of step with what parents want."
The survey offers a number of public policy recommendations regarding sex education, including:
1. Primary emphasis on SRA Abstinence Education programs in federal sex education policy.
2. More equality in funding between SRR "Comprehensive" Sex Education and SRA Abstinence Education programs.
3. Eliminate the false sense of security that teens acquire in "safe" sex messaging by mandating that medically accurate information be given regarding the limitations on protection offered by condoms and other contraceptive methods.
4. End the censorship and discriminatory practices in sex education against at-risk populations.
5. Provide all youth, including gay teens, with skills to delay sex.
6. Share with teens the social science research of the advantages to waiting until marriage before engaging in sex.
Huber said parents can view a clear presentation of the survey's results at www.whattheytoldus.org, where they can also sign an open letter to Congress urging changes in sex education.
"[V]irtually every priority in current sex education policy needs to be changed," Huber said, "not just because parents support it, but because it's in the best health interests of our young people."
John Evans is a writer in Houston. Get Baptist Press headlines and breaking news on Twitter (
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Wood and Wine at Wijnhuis
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
This was White Stick Sips' second visit to Stellies to surf the best of what the Winelands had to offer, at its own leisurely pulsating beat, with the wine list from Wijnhuis (Wine House). Oegh, then again, surfing is way too cool to use as a comparison for our very mediocre experience at an establishment with a name that promised the obvious; wine at home. It was more like being dragged to a bake sale at the church bazaar when you'd rather be watching Dawson going through another over-dramatised breakup with Katie Holmes (mmm … reminisce) while drowning in their own vocabulary-whirlpool.
Sorry, I put the hammer before the nail there … so, we drove into Stellenbosch with the moon rising behind the Helderberge and slowly breaking through a sky dusted with clouds, vineyards were being illuminated and the fresh air forced your nozzles to take in more than they could handle – a beautiful start to the evening (full stop). Read the rest of this entry »
Harold's Harlot Wines
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
This time around the White Stick Sips decided to make their way to a bar which lies very close to home, quite literally, and to my heart: Harold's Wine Bar. Harold Stoffel attempts to return some of the urban glitz back to what use to be one of the grandest hotels on the Atlantic Seaboard; the Ritz. Located on the underside of the belly of this white elephant, Harold and his bar have managed to become a local hotspot in an incredibly short period of time. We have two after-work waterhole options for a group of friends, which includes myself: when it comes to cheap-and-easy beer, it's Fiesta (Happy Hour) and for wine, we have Harold's (Happy Traffic Time). Read the rest of this entry »
Amazing Wines at maze
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
Finally!! It was the much anticipated wine-list from maze at the One & Only's turn. Since the date was confirmed some of the Serious Shticks have been looking forward to get their toungues mincing around this list. And rightfully so as this restaurant, by reputation alone, aims to set itself apart from the best Cape Town has to offer when it comes to quality and service. After being opened for only one year, it has successfully done so.
maze is quite the culinary delight, and one would rightfully imagine so with a show kitchen where diners are encouraged to visually take part in the food preparation. On those dreary dinner 'appointments', the kitchen as well as so many other aspects of this functional and aesthetically pleasing restaurant, are good conversation starters. Read the rest of this entry »
Mount Nelson's Battle of the Bubblies
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
Winston Churchill once said that the Mount Nelson was a 'most excellent and well appointed establishment that may be thoroughly appreciated after a sea voyage' or after work on a chilly Tuesday afternoon – this is where we found ourselves for another instalment of White Stick Sips.
What truly hits you in the guts and leaves you breathless other than the pink colonial façade, is the staff that seems to be on some exotic contraband. From the moment you enter until the time you leave you are greeted and 'assisted' … by everyone! Benson (Bennie) was our host for the evening and was as polite, professional and responsive as all the other cheerful cronies at the Nellie where service is a culture. Read the rest of this entry »
Grand Wines for a Grand Hotel
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
Harry Reginald was the master-mind behind the concept of creating our own exclusive blind tasting faction away from the rules set out by the Lords of Wine. We started tasting our own wines (by variety, region, blend, etc.) blindly at Chenin Wine Bar for a few months but decided to branch out and use this premise to rate and review other wine serving establishments' wine lists, for fun for some, education for others and just plain showing off their talented senses for a select few (nothing wrong with this as I aspire to be one of them … someday).
We decided to set the bar high and selected the Westin Grand Cape Town Arabella Quays to be the kick-off venue for the official launch of the White Stick Sips 'Road Show'. A lot of organization went into impressing the Sticks and we were offered the Westin Executive Club on the 19th floor of the Hotel. This venue has to be by far the best in terms of city and mountain views. This marriage between the Germans and Americans (Arabella & Starwood being the holding companies) resulted in one of the most recognised landmarks in Cape Town being born and one all its citizens can be proud of. Read the rest of this entry »
Five Flies and Eight Wines
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
Slip off the vibrant Long Street and you will find Five Flies Restaurant & Bar. Like the name, it sets itself apart from the ordinary and mundane. As you enter from Keerom through the historic façade, the modest entrance running into the foyer looking into the kitchen, the courtyard (which could be in the country side) and the various private dining rooms; it all contributes to the charm and uniqueness of this place. That's me putting this horse in front of the very 'gay' cart. . .
We all met in the bar which felt as any bar should, like a bar. Surrounded by pictures from when Cape Town was truly a 'town' one could easily spent the evening here. Read the rest of this entry »
Le "nouveau" Bar à Vin – The 'new' Wine Bar
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
Yes! I can have a fancy heading to this review. 'The "new" Wine Bar' was translated on translate.google.com to get the current, French heading: Le "nouveau" Bar à Vin – Fancy right, but misleading. I know that some of my foreign contingent will not even bother to read further than the heading due to the intimidating French title that might be misunderstood or not understood at all. But for those who accidently stumble past this obelisk of confusion, will get to the average creative writing below and realise that even though it might look expensive and exclusive to a certain market, that might actually be relatively 'accessible and affordable (cheap, like TVdionysus…)'.
Cru Café Wine Bar & Restaurant is laid-out in such a way as to cater for any of the three main lighting settings you'll find combined in a few restaurants; the heavily lit high-turnover, semi-comfortable area, the slightly more darker corner in front of the wine shop (I love the fact that you can buy a wine you like at the place you taste it and do not have to scribble it down somewhere – you can make purchases until 20h00, that is) and finally, the ever popular umbrella-covered-outer-area-park-off, on the square. This is where we were all greeted by Fabiani-Hawaii-styled host while waiting for the rest of the WWS gang to arrive. Read the rest of this entry »
Alice's White Stick at Mama Africa
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
I've been in Cape Town for almost ten years now and have never stepped foot in Mama Africa. Like with Societi Bistro, I rarely, if ever frequent 'Tourist Hot Spots' but do however have to recommend them to the many travelers staying over at the Hotel. The only time I do get around experiencing them is when we are invited for an 'educational', another benefit of working in the Hospitality Industry. Disgusting, I know … but after recent exposures, I'm definitely planning on broadening this very limited horizon.
I was a bit early, as it is just up the road from me, and our host Harry Reginald, seated me at the bar where we exchanged a couple of words before he had to dash of to prepare for the evening and welcome the others. My first thought: Shack Chic, but with taste (therefore the chic). It was authentic, not fake like in so many other places but I guess after more than 13 years, things might automatically become authentic. In this case, pieces which settled in a symphony of curiosity that could easily keep the eyes busy when stuck with an 'unfortunate' blind-date. Tonight however, we had quite a few seats empty which left more room for blind-date stick celebs: Chris, Jo, Sam and Allister from undertheinfluence. Read the rest of this entry »
Caviar & Blind Wine under an Oak Tree
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
This week, the panel took their sticks into the heart of Stellenbosch and we were celebrating the essence which makes this community so unique (apart from the students); its wine.
Osetra, a type of caviar but in this case a wine-bar which is gently nestled off the main road that runs through Stellenbosch and conveniently located on your way to church, or from church, whichever way you feel more inclined to or not at all, it doesn't matter, just make sure you drop in for a hoot because it is well worth the treat. It almost felt like we were in a wine bar in Cape Town. It didn't fit the surrounds (in a good way), almost like Cubana in the Quarter (in a bad way) but just the opposite . . . Whatever, anyway, you could see that every fitting and piece of furniture was carefully thought through and strategically placed to get the most from the space available without sacrificing functionality. All in all I loved it in terms of décor, I would however recommend that the waitresses burn those Moses-slip-ons in exchange for some decent heels which would complete their look and add to the feel of the place – for inspiration, steer your eyes to the massive screen promoting FTV … Read the rest of this entry »
Kicking it Blindly @ Societi Bistro
Posted by ymartiny | Filed under White Stick Sips
First of all, I love the layout of Societi Bistro and their unique choice in decor. As a five-star Hotel, this is one of the few restaurants in Cape Town we recommend to our guests and be associated with. It was my first time here and what a perfect introduction last night was.
The Restaurant
Separate areas break the restaurant into private sections. Each section had its own 'society' of patrons. Each of them was clustered with their own purpose for congregating. For us, it was to rate and review the wine list; the obelisk of Read the rest of this entry »


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Tuesday, March 11, 2014
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City Council Speaker Christine Quinn became the newest supporter of a plan that would re-energize a Queens power plant.
Quinn joined the Smart Power New York Coalition Friday. The group is a strong supporter of the Astoria Repowering Project, which would upgrade the Queens plant with more environmentally-friendly equipment.
"The Astoria Repowering Project has the potential to help every resident of the city of New York," Quinn said. "It will help improve air quality in all five boroughs. while creating efficient and more reliable sources of energy."
Supporters of the project say it will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1 million tons a year and would create 500 temporary construction jobs.


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I took these pictures on a 5-day backpacking trip with Ed, Colin, Lynn, and Simone
in the John Muir Wilderness in August 2000.
Here is a map with our route highlighted. You can see where this area is on a larger map. I also made a map with clickable arrows pointing in the direction of each photo. The tip of the arrow indicates where I was standing when I took the photo. Note that I added these arrows a year after the hike, so some of the locations may not be precise. You may also want to check out the zoomable Topozone map of the same region. Or do a Humphreys Basin Jigsaw Puzzle! |
© 2000 Susanne Z. Riehemann


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A portion of the East Bank levee will be closed to pedestrians and bicycles Thursday, Sep. 9 through Saturday, Sep. 11. No roadway traffic will be affected. The restricted area is located between Laitram Road and St. George Avenue. The closure is needed to perform pile driving operations in the batture area. Approved access points will be properly marked as issued by the East Bank Jefferson Levee District.The Huey P. Long Bridge Widening Project is a TIMED (Transportation Infrastructure Model for Economic Development) Program project. The TIMED Program was created by Act 16 of the 1989 Louisiana Legislature, was voted for by the people and is the single largest transportation program in state history. The $5.2 billion improvement program includes widening 536 miles of state highways, new construction or improvements to three major bridges projects and the improvements to both the Port of New Orleans and the Louis Armstrong International Airport. The Program is designed to enhance economic development in Louisiana through an investment in transportation projects.
As one of 16 TIMED projects, the completed Huey P. Long Bridge Widening Project will include three 11-foot lanes in each direction, along with new inside and outside shoulders across the bridge. The project also will include construction of new roadway approaches that will provide signalized intersections at Bridge City Avenue and Jefferson Highway. The entire project is scheduled to be complete by 2013.
For more information, contact Indira Parrales, Public Outreach Office at 504-731-4200 or visit www.hueypbridge.com.
The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) is committed to delivering transportation and public works systems that enhance the quality of life. In addition to more than 16,600 miles of roadway, including over 890 miles of interstate, DOTD supports the development of the state's aviation, marine and rail infrastructures. Through this work, we are able to facilitate economic development, create job opportunities, improve vital evacuation routes, and make critical freight corridors safer and more efficient.
For more information, please visit www.dotd.la.gov, email firstname.lastname@example.com, or call DOTD's Customer Service Center at (225) 379-1232 or 1-877-4LADOTD (1-877-452-3683). Business hours are 7:30 a.m. - 5 p.m., Monday through Friday.
Motorists can access up-to-date travel information by dialing 511 or by visiting www.511la.org. Out-of-state travelers can call 1-888-ROAD-511 (1-888-762-3511).


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Click on a label to read posts from that part of the world.
Enter to win a free Tom Tom ONE GPS unit!
Chocked with features like turn-by-turn directions, millions of points of interest and a clean simple interface, the third edition ONE is the best selling GPS on the market.
And it can be yours. Just leave an entry telling us how you learn your way around a city you're visiting in the comments below and we'll draw a lucky winner by next Tuesday, July 15th.
Good luck!
- To enter, simply leave a comment below telling us how you learn your way around a city you're visiting.
- The comment must be left before Tuesday, July 15th, 2008 at 5PM Eastern Time.
- You may enter only once.
- One winner will be selected in a random drawing.
- One Grand Prize Winner will receive a free Tom Tom ONE, Third Edition
- Open to legal residents of the 50 United States, the District of Columbia and Canada (excluding Quebec) who are 18 and older.
- GPS is valued at $199.00.
- Click Here for complete Official Rules.
Filed under: Gear
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Reader Comments (Page 1 of 51)
Ridgerunner Jul 8th 2008 1:23PM
For finding my way around new citys, in Europe I've typically used the Dorling-Kindersley (sp?) travel books. Always like to find the most distant site I want to see, and work out the public transport there & back. Usually gives me a good sense of bearings.
Here at home in the US, historically it was a lot of Hertz/Avis/Budget maps, then switching to pre-printed Google Maps & routing, then to my iPhone. While handy, the iPhone's lag time to pull up the next zoomed view, and lack of turn-by-turn sucks!
I bought my ex-girlfriend one of the Tom-Tom One's, as I was tired of the random phone calls from her asking for directions to one place or another. Unfortunately, when we split, she kept the Tom-Tom!
Ted Scharf Jul 9th 2008 8:37AM
I use a few land marks and work from there. Sometimes hard to figure out which way is north south at night in a new place.
carol Jul 10th 2008 1:22AM
I just ask where I buy my coffee in the morning where I need to go. Little by little, I learn my way around.
CAROLANN WESTBROOK Jul 11th 2008 11:00AM
I depend on Fodors and Frommers Guide books to help me find my way around a new destination.
Amanda Jul 8th 2008 1:31PM
My sense of cardinal directions is pretty good, so with that and even a sketchy, questionable map, I'm usually okay. In order to navigate a place without a map, I try to find a large landmark of some sort and get my bearings from that, and then just explore explore explore, preferably on foot, or bike, until I can find a large number of places easily. For example, when I moved to Lawrence, KS, I used I-70 as my east-west landmark, and also the northern boundary of my explorations until I was more comfortable.
BB Jul 8th 2008 1:32PM
I usually learn my way around a new city by getting lost a lot....the GPS seems like a better way.
Tim Jul 8th 2008 9:48PM
When I get to a new city, I tend to rely more on my own directional skills and locals rather than maps.
I try to find one anchor point, usually where ever I am staying and branch out from there. Then I'll find another point, like a grocery store. By doing this I have a basic network of the area mapped out in my head. If I get lost I'll usually just ask a local.
By combining this "technique" with the fact that I usually just take cabs everywhere, I end up getting around just fine.
Chris Jul 8th 2008 1:39PM
I usually use a map and a compass. As long as your headed in the right direction you're almost guaranteed to find your way.
brian eck Jan 19th 2012 1:11AM
I have about 100 sheets of paper with Mapquest directions. I can look in my backseat and get just about anywhere with the directions I currently have - I just need to figure out a quicker way.
jay Jul 8th 2008 1:56PM
I download Google Maps for my destination and the surrounding areas, and when I get there, I go exploring.
Steven Jul 8th 2008 1:58PM
Google Maps/maps from the hotel concierge/transit system maps....by the way, I think the comment should be left by Tuesday July 15, not Friday July 15th (second bullet point).
klm Jul 8th 2008 2:14PM
I have a terrible time and I am too nervous about getting lost to wander around. I usually stick to the main road near my hotel and that is it.
Shirley Hill Jul 10th 2008 1:03PM
I generally buy a map and study it. Getting around usually isn't too difficult.
Sue M Jul 9th 2008 2:34PM
I use the maps available at the hotel, if I haven't previously gotten maps from the local AAA vacation store ahead of time.
Carla Pullum Jul 8th 2008 2:09PM
I go to yahoo maps and print out where I am going. If that dosen't work I use the roll down window method "Hey do you know where Burger King is?"
Thats my method.
Oana Jul 8th 2008 11:30PM
I study maps ahead of time! Then I identify some local landmarks and find my way around. I have a pretty good mental compass.


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Seems like the ones who roam never got a ring
from Wale (Ft. Rihanna) – Bad (Remix) Lyrics on Rap Genius
Wordplay on ring
When your phone is roaming, it doesn't ring. The girls that roam want to be free.
He's also getting back at Rihanna because in the previous line she says he's "not a king," but why would he try in cage a something free into commitment.
The background phone ring shows he isn't going to call her (and therefore she's not going to get any more of that Wale League Pass). No second dates nor booty calls.
If Wale really liked it he would've put a ring on it…
To help improve the meaning of these lyrics, visit "Bad (Remix)" by Wale (Ft. Rihanna) Lyrics and leave a comment on the lyrics box


text: Delicious! I had to make a few substitutions as this was a spur of the moment baking project. I used limes and a bit of lemonade instead of lemons, sour cream and a tad of vanilla yogurt in place of crème fraîche, and Whiskey in place of Bourbon. This is an easy, very tasty cake. The crumb is moist but not heavy, and tangy. I cut down the sugar by about a 1/4 cup. It took about 46 minutes to bake, at Boulder Co altitude. Great warm, with some vanilla ice cream.


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Dave Gladieux, Sheriff Chief Deputy, Allen County | ZoomInfo.com
Find business contact information for Dave Gladieux, Sheriff Chief Deputy, Allen County and see work history, affiliations and more.
Inmate medical costs breaking the bank
13.07.2011 Initially, the Allen County Sheriff's Department set aside close to $800000 to cover inmate health expenses for 2011. Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux said that's not going to be enough. "It's very upsetting. I'm a tax payer too and ...
Google Blogs: … Training » New Rx drug vendor hired for county jail
08.07.2012 Between 17000 and 19000 people a year are processed and housed at the Allen County Jail, which holds about 750 inmates at a time, according to Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux. Currently, the jail#146;s medical staff consists ...
MY HUD HOUSE: The Education of Dave Gladieux
20.02.2011 In a recent story from Indiana's News Center, a question is posed by Dave Gladieux - Chief Deputy with the Allen County Sheriff's Department: "How many rounds are needed to assure personal protection. Is it six rounds, is it ...
The AroundFortWayne Blog » Mayor Henry welcomes new 9-1-1 ...
10.01.2011 ... to form the separate Consolidated Communications Partnership (CCP) with an operations board consisting of Allen County Sheriff Ken Fries, Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux, Police Chief Rusty York and Fire Chief Pete Kelly.
Illegal Inmates In Fort Wayne A "Burden" On Taxpayers | Indiana's ...
30.07.2010 Those immigrants are causing a "burden" on Allen County taxpayers according to Allen County Sheriff's Department Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux. Digital Daily – subscribe to our daily newsletter. Gladieux says there are ...
Ground broken on police training site | The Journal Gazette
24.07.2009 From left, Chuck Surack, president of Sweetwater Sound; Chuck Lake, New Haven Adams Township fire department investigator; Allen County Sheriff Ken Fries and Allen County Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux break ground ...
Allen County Sheriff Press Releases
On June 18, 2010 Allen County's Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux graduated from the 241st session of the FBI National Academy.
2nd Man Charged With Beating/Choking Jail Guard
"They pretty much tag-teamed him and now they're going to pay the consequences for it," says Allen County Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux.
Allen County Sheriff Press Releases
Allen County Sheriff Department ... Press Releases Allen County's Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux Graduates from the National FBI Academy
Obama to visit city on Friday | FortWayne.com - Fort Wayne IN
The Obama campaign, as well as Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux of the Allen County Sheriff's Department, confirmed Wednesday that Obama will be here Friday.
Mayor Henry Welcomes New 911 Director - City of Fort Wayne
... to form the separate Consolidated Communications Partnership (CCP) with an operations board consisting of Allen County Sheriff Ken Fries, Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux
Allen County Sheriff Press Releases
Sheriff Fries, Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux, and the pit crew identified the man as James Andrew Howell, M/B/56, Fort Wayne. Mr. Howell was arrested for criminal
Fort Wayne, Ind.: City, County Hash Out Bids for Radio System ...
Allen County Chief Deputy Dave Gladieux, president of the group, said he would try to schedule a meeting with the county commissioners in the near future to hash out the
America's Most Wanted Segment Helped Produce Hundreds Of New ...
Allen County Chief Sheriff's Deputy Dave Gladieux says, "When it hit the national, uh, like that, the flood gates opened as far as tips, information and things.
All web results to the name "Dave Gladieux"
Related search requests for Dave Gladieux
People Forename "Dave" (31172) Name "Gladieux" (37) |
sorted by relevance / date


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We here at Slap The Sign would like to thank each and every past and present members of the United States Military. Without them, our right to free writing and all other everyday life activities we do would be in great harm or danger. To me, the heroic men and women who have died in battle are people who should be remembered by all Americans each and every day. Have a great holiday and God bless America.
Topics: Daniel Battle, Slap The Sign


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Got this on grabone and cannot fault The Pacific at all. Nice location, it was adequate for our stay and will definitely recommend. Place is clean and really soundproof, the room can get hot in the middle of the night though. The deal came with underground parking as well when we booked, a real bonus. The walk up to the mount was great, the views are spectacular. The only downside was the beach had been closed due to the oil spill, but we made the best of the situation nonetheless. A nice break out of Auckland!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Pacific is located a short stroll from both Pilot Bay and the Mount's Main Beach, and 60m from the base of the Mount and the world-renowned hot salt-water pools. The Pacific Apartments offer guests a new type of luxury not yet experienced at the mount. With accommodation ranging from spacious hotel-style rooms through to luxury 4-bedroom superior apartments, all with stylish master ensuites, fully equipped kitchens and laundries and finished with modern furniture, The Pacific is a true reflection of quality accommodation. Completing the picture of total comfort are extensive views through floor to ceiling glass, large private decks and individual air-conditioning along with services including wireless internet, Sky TV, on-site gym, pool, and spa. A short drive takes you to five major golf courses, Tauranga Airport, Tauranga city and some fantastic wineries. The city shuttle bus stop is also just a 2 minute walk away. Location, location, location Well-equipped conference facilities are also available for exclusive conferences, private dinners or boutique weddings. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Agoda, Booking.com and Priceline so you can book your The Pacific reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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5 years ago Chip Tha Ripper, now King Chip, let go one of my favourite OG Kid Cudi songs."Ask About Me" featuring Cudi was released in 2008 on Chip's "Can't Stop Me" mixtape and now Rami has re-mastered the song for everyones listening pleasure. Do yourself a favour and download this new version immediately!
Listen to the Re-Mastered Version of "Ask About Me" Featuring Kid Cudi
By DP on Oct. 24, 2013 in New Music | 12 Comments