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1st and 3rd Thursday of each month at 10:30am
LEGOLAND Model Mom Club is a weekly activity group that meets every 1st and 3rd Thursday of the month at 10:30 a.m. Club activities are open to all LEGOLAND guests with a child under 4 years of age! Children 3 and over require an admission ticket or Membership.Stroller Strides is a total fitness program that moms can do with their babies. It includes power walking and intervals of strength and body toning exercises using exercise tubing, the stroller, and the environment. Taught by certified instructors, it's a great workout for any level of exerciser.We suggest athletic shoes, a towel or mat for our ground exercises and plenty of water. For outdoor classes, please bring a hat and/or sunblock. For Stroller Strides, you just need you, your baby and the stroller. Just about any stroller will do, so long as it's not prone to tipping. You do not have to have a jogger.
Please note that showtimes are subject to change or cancellation without prior notice.


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Independent legal research project makes the case for regional approach to renewable energy standards
Program builds resumes, opens doors, helps students become practice ready
New England Law | Boston center files amicus brief
"Dorothea Advocacy Project" to fill need for services in New Hampshire
All law school classes and school activities will be held as scheduled Thursday.
Praised for CORI Initiative leadership and "tremendous dedication"
Both building and library are closed
Professor Russell Engler joins distinguished panel of civil right to counsel experts this Thursday at Boston Bar Association.
MIRA Coalition Seeks Citizenship Clinic Volunteers; Students Sponsor Trainings at Law School
For entry-level assistant district attorney positions in the Fall of 2014, submit applications by THIS Tuesday, October 1, 2013.
NEIP offers New England students a chance to work on cases of incarcerated persons who contend they were wrongfully convicted.
Presentation made at Massachusetts Black Lawyers Association gala
Presented by the Association of Corporate Counsel
Discussion of how to solve the Access to Justice crisis
New England Law initiates new program of funded student fellowship positions this summer
Classes will be held as usual.
Classes will be held as scheduled. Please travel carefully. Absence from class today due to the weather will not be counted against students under the attendance policy, because we want safety to be everyone's priority.
Center for Public Health and Tobacco Policy has national impact
Help individuals in need seal their criminal records (CORIs) to allow for greater future opportunities!
8 a.m. classes are cancelled
Will assist public interest projects in New England and nationally
Former student law clerk now staff attorney
Excelled in handling cases in the areas of domestic relations
Protections strengthened for victims of human trafficking, prostitution
Naturalization the focus of "Citizenship Day" event
Sarah Hawkins '13 spent her summer with the New England Innocence Project
Alumni will provide advice regarding internship and postgraduate positions.
"Excellence and professionalism at every turn..."
Newspaper's Framing of the Issue Questioned
Features experts from across the U.S. and Canada.
Boston Premiere Performance; Free Admission
New England Law Review Symposium
Professor Engler Addresses Philadelphia Bar
Decision will help ensure equal access to justice
Commitment demonstrated through clinical program
White House and Capitol Hill Meetings
Neil DePaul '10 (L) and Professor David Siegel
April 15 Panel Discussion
2009 Graduate Serves as an International Observer
Engler involved in the movement to expand the civil right to counsel
Immigration assistance provided regionally and in Florida
Professor Dina Haynes participates as a panelist on human trafficking
04/22/10 event discussing legislating and regulating our sources of energy
Proposals to Improve Criminal Justice Policy and Practice
March 30 event co-sponsored by the Animal Law Society and the CLSR
Five-Year Grant Largest in Law School's History
Solicitor Julian Young featured in two presentations
The Judicial Language Project of the Women and Children's Advocacy Project began screenings and focus on social science.
Professor Russell Engler teaches "Ethics in Transition: Pro Se Litigants and the Changing Judicial Role."
10/27/09 Professor David Siegel appears before the Joint Committee on the Judiciary.
10/22/09 Professors Dina Haynes and David Siegel speak about their pro bono experiences.
Children frequently victims of abuse, abandonment, or neglect.
Sexual Violence Legal News is a service provided by the CLSR's Women and Children's Advocacy Project and the Women's Law Caucus.
10/22/09 Six New England Law students have been selected to assist Professor Siegel with the New England Innocence Project.
10/13/09 Update on guerrillas, paramilitaries, and legal system changes
11/12/09 CLSR and the Immigration Law Association co-host "Impacts of Healthcare Reform on the Local Immigrant Population."
Julian Young speaks about his work exonerating Sean Hodgson.
Mapendo International representative on campus.
Two CLSR fellows, both New England Law graduates, discussed working in immigration law.
Dan Delurey, executive director of the Demand Response and Advanced Metering Coalition, spoke about "smart" energy and the future of the energy industry.
2009 Grad Adonia Simpson to be 2009-2010 CLSR Fellow
An amicus brief addressing remedies for suggestive identification procedures was submitted to the MA Supreme Judicial Court by Professor David Siegel.
The ILP becomes further involved in combating Human trafficking
Environmental Advocacy Project presents its study on Designated Port Areas
Speakers discussed the Bianco factory raid in New Bedford, MA.
Panel Offering Various Perspectives on the Role of Prosecutors in Revisiting Past Convictions
A Humane Society speaker discussed the impact of animal agriculture on the climate.

subset: commoncrawl


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Long-term care management is the administration of health services over an extended period of time. Some long-term care can last a lifetime, while other programs are meant to simply help phase out a treatment program or meet certain health goals over a few weeks or months.
Those with chronic diseases, mental illness, life-threatening illness, aging-related health issues, or other special needs seek out long-term care providers to help them create a plan for long-term treatment. These patients need more than occasional doctor visits or time in the hospital; they are dealing with conditions that need constant monitoring and treatment. Long-term health care management entails more than management of a facility. While managers may be performing long-term administrative duties in hospitals or clinics, they may not be based in these institutions at all. Some long-term health care is based in patients' homes, in nursing homes, or in mental health facilities. Long-term management requires foresight, perspective, health care expertise, and the ability to plan and implement treatment procedures for months to years.
Students in long-term health care management programs will learn about long-term health care and principles of management. The difference between a health care management program and a long-term health care management program is that a long-term program will focus more on chronic health issues and long-term scheduling for individual patients, rather than administration of entire hospitals or clinics. Long-term health care management programs will help students prepare to work directly with individual patients or entire health organizations, always with a focus on long-term care.


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Here is a lovely and well sized apartment, IN THE HEART OF GRAMERCY PARK. Live in luxury with many closets and the apartment is bathed in sun. If you want to be close to everything but still live in a quiet and tranquil apartment, then look no further.
The building is immaculately maintained and well kept. This is a great landlord, they really take care of their people. High ceilings and little flourishes abound in this apartment.
Every apartment is not for everyone - I understand. So, even if this isn't what you are looking for you should give me a call anyway. I am the agent to talk to for rentals. I am also the friendliest agent. So give me a call and see the difference for yourself!


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New Arrivals
Black Sequined Box-Clutch
Black tie optimal sparkle. It's the must-have bag that goes with our Sequined Platform Heel. Imported.
- Removable hematite-hued, double-link chain has lobster claw clasps; 12" drop. Snap closure with WHBM initials.
- Black faille lining with side gussets, 4 open sleeve pockets with credit card slots.
- Hard-sided with hematite-finish metal frame hinged at the bottom.
- 7.25" L x 1.25" W x 7.75" H.
We're so sorry: this item sold out sooner than expected. For an equally stylish substitute, please call our Style Experts at 1.877.948.2525. Or click on Live Help below for immediate assistance.


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RIM's response, as espoused by Jeff McDowell, as he says:
Published on 03-01-2011 09:18 PM
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im a nubie, so i might need as much help as you guys can..
my bb z10 was out of battery for more than 10 hours, once i tried to charge it,
Construction workers are highly prone to serious accidents in the workplace due to the severity of their work.
LurWalker 03-11-2014, 03:51 AMthis is in deed convenient , but i just wanna know how to scan the qr code since the qr code barcode is on the phone ?
lucy313 03-10-2014, 08:52 PMEdit Note: This Thunderclap was created without knowledge of a previous initiative set out by several blackberry blogging sites. This thunderclap, like
DeeJayDanny 03-10-2014, 03:09 PMI had the same issue in canada, No stock.. you are not alone... 5 stores before i got my z30
DeeJayDanny 03-10-2014, 03:06 PMAsterisk (Votes: 9)
Orb (Votes: 2)
Splat (Votes: 7)
Star (Votes: 4)
Spark (Votes: 15)
Something else (Votes: 6)


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Graphic Victorian Kendall Top
Extended Sizes In Select Colors
Tribal and vibrant with a geometric diamond print and spray of studs to catch the light.
- Semi-sheer sleeves for cool comfort.
- Ruched elastic cuffs and hem create a feminine blouson effect.
- Length: 24" to 26".
- 100% polyester.
- Machine wash. USA.
We're so sorry: this item sold out sooner than expected. For an equally chic substitute, please call our Personal Service Associates at 1.888.855.4986. Or click on Chico's Chat below for immediate assistance.


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O.P.- Web Manager Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah project.
Thank you all. I am very fortunate to be working with such a skilled, dedicated and gracious team. I only wish I could be there in person to express my gratitude.
Client RepresentativeBuilding and Construction Network, US
The requests that OSSCube has been working on are making our jobs better so I wanted to pass the kudos along to your team!
Project Leader of Web and Data ServicesCU Solutions Group, US
We've reduced our costs by 60% and were able to improve our data quality by moving from SalesForce.com to SugarCRM.Our service provider, OSSCube exceeded our expectations! Delivery was very fast and they were extremely responsive to any issues uncovered during UAT. We're looking forward to reaping the benefits of SugarCRM long into the future.
Phillip Getto, CTOOrametrix, US
We wanted to express our appreciation for the work your team performed on the SmartStart application. The team was always professional, following up consistently and appropriately, and followed through on every deliverable in a detailed manner. And we appreciate the professional workforce you are building at OSSCube.
Ben and Sue, Client RepresentativesSmartStart application, US
Well done for the successful BSS migration! I'm really conscious that there has been a huge amount of work that has gone into planning and managing this event, and it's a credit to everyone involved that it has gone as smoothly as it has done. It's been particularly encouraging to see the level of dedication and the feeling of working as 'one team' which has ensured that issues have been cleared down in a speedy fashion.
Client RepresentativeVirgin Media, US


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- $4.99 Flat Rate Shipping. Any Size Order! -
- Easy 365-Day Returns -
New York Giants Gear
New York Giants Mens
New York Giants Mens T-Shirts
Mitchell & Ness
(2 items)
Product ID: 472312
Main Content
Get authentic old-school style with the Gridiron long sleeve tee Mitchell & Ness! It features a garment-washed finish, a team logo applique with distressed details and throwback sleeve stripes for a look straight out of yesteryear.
- 100% Cotton fabric
- Lightweight ribbed T-shirt
- Applique team logo
- Screen print stripes
- Flat lock stitch
- Distressed details for a worn look
- Rib-knit collar & cuffs
- Reinforced taped collar seam
- Sewn-in tag
- Side slits at hem
- Imported
- Officially licensed NFL product
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game
or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are
received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items
are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Free and Fast 3 Day Shipping on all MBT orders today!
Select your desired product options and we will notify you when it is back in stock.
The unique multi-layered sole and Masai sensor emulates the feeling of walking on sand.
MBT Kitabu GTX Brown Men's Waterproof Shoe
Features include:
Click here to watch the MBT instructional video.
This is actually my third pair of this style - the first pair came apart at the sole within 6 weeks. They were replaced free of charge and lasted about a year. Just started wearing my third pair. I have other styles but find these the most comfortable.
Shoes are pretty much as pictured. Nothing fancy, really casually casual. So far waterproof has stood up. They are a larger profile than other MBTs I own. I ordered these online, at the same time as another pair. One pair came within a week. These took forever. They were on backorder and I did not get any notification from footwear, we had to call to see what was going on. So be sure to check availability when you order.


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Today's Country - Austin
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Kenny Loggins
Kenny Loggins
Leap of Faith
Original Release Date: September 10, 1991
Track Listing
1. Will of the Wind
2. Leap of Faith
3. The Real Thing
4. Conviction of the Heart
5. If You Believe
6. I Would Do Anything
7. Sweet Reunion
8. Now or Never
9. My Father's House
10. Cody's Song
11. Will of the Wind (Reprise)
12. Too Early for the Sun
Mark Isham: Composer
Ottmar Liebert: Guitar, Guitar (Classical)
Siedah Garrett: Vocals (Background), Choir, Chorus
George Harrison: Composer
David Lindley: Guitar, Guitar (Electric), Slide Guitar
Kenny Loggins: Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Arranger, Vocals, Producer, Guitar (Classical), Mixing Supervision
Michael McDonald: Vocals (Background)
Smokey Robinson: Vocals
Bruce Springsteen: Composer
Gary Wright: Composer
Hiram Bullock: Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Vocals, Soloist
Bill Summers: Percussion, Conductor, Conga, Tambourine, Tom-Tom, Bells, Berimbau, Djun-Djun, Caxixi, Pandeiro, Surdo, Djembe, Bata, Cabassa, Djeme, Iya, Okonkolo, Shaker, Shekere, Udu, Cabasa, Tambora Apambich�, Gunga-Degun, Toms
David Foster: Piano
Sheryl Crow: Vocals (Background), Choir, Chorus
Amy Holland: Vocals (Background)
Kate Price: Vocals (Background)
Will Ackerman: Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Drums
Katrina Adams: Vocals, Soloist
Morgan Ames: Vocals (Background)
Nyna-Shannon Anderson: Conductor, Choir Director
Neil Avron: Assistant Engineer
Michael Baird: Percussion, Drums, Drums (Snare)
Paul Buckmaster: Strings, Arranger, String Arrangements
Tracy Chisholm: Assistant Engineer
Colors of Love Choir: ?
Luis Conte: Percussion, Tamboura, Bata, Bombo, Cabassa, Shaker, Shekere, Talking Drum, Udu
Paulinho Da Costa: Percussion
Enrique Cruz: Flute, Pan Flute, Zampona, Andean Flute
Brian Dembow: Viola
Steve Dubin: Arranger, Drums, Drum Arrangements
Nathan East: Bass, Bass (Upright)
Stephen Erdody: Cello
Maureen Ferguson: Vocals (Background)
Juan Garza: Assistant Engineer
Everette Harp: Sax (Alto)
James Harrah: Guitar, Guitar (Electric)
Steve Holroyd: Assistant Engineer
Tris Imboden: Drums
Paul Jackson, Jr.: Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Guitar (Electric), Guitar (Classical)
Munyungo Jackson: Percussion, Conga, Tambourine, Tom-Tom, Bells, Berimbau, Djun-Djun, Caxixi, Pandeiro, Surdo, Djembe, Bata, Cabassa, Djeme, Iya, Okonkolo, Shaker, Shekere, Udu, Cabasa, Tambora Apambich�, Gunga-Degun, Toms
Keith Jones: Bass, Fretless Bass
David Kershenbaum: Producer
Darlene Koldenhoven: Vocals (Background)
Julie Last: Assistant Engineer
Ricky Lawson: Cymbals, Tom-Tom
Kathleen Lenski: Violin
Brian Malouf: Mixing
Michael Markman: Contractor
Myrna Matthews: Vocals (Background)
Kazu Matsui: Percussion, Shakuhachi
Herman Matthews: Percussion, Drums, Talking Drum
Arnold McCutler: Conductor
Amy McDonald: Vocals (Background)
Pat McDougal: Assistant Engineer
Terry Nelson: Vocals (Background), Producer, Engineer, Mixing Supervision
Dean Parks: Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Guitar (Classical)
Thomas Patterson: Vocals, Soloist
Greg Phillinganes: Synthesizer, Keyboards, Synthesizer Voices
Tim Pierce: Guitar (Electric)
Ruth Pointer: Vocals, Vocals (Background), Choir, Chorus
John "J.R." Robinson: Drums
Jack Roubin: Assistant Engineer
Laurie Rubins: Vocals
Marc Russo: Saxophone, Soloist
Doug Sax: Mastering
Mavis Staples: Vocals
Richard Tee: Piano
Guy Thomas: Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Guitar (Electric), Guitar (Classical), Soloist
Carmen Twillie: Vocals (Background)
Fred Washington: Bass
John Whynot: Assistant Engineer
Roger Wilkie: Violin
Arnold McCuller: Choir Director
Steve Harrison: Assistant Engineer
Nancy Donald: Art Direction
Randy Jackson: Bass
Andrew Scheps: Assistant Engineer
Tracy Veal: Design
Freddie "Ready Freddie" Washington: Bass, Fretless Bass
Elliott Cutting: Photography
Arlene Matza: Production Coordination
Collen Reynolds: Production Coordination
John "4 Daddman" Robinson: Drums
Steve Wood: Organ, Synthesizer
Brian Denbow: Viola
John Barnes: Synthesizer, Piano, Strings, Arranger, Composer, Synclavier, Vocal Arrangement
W. Ackerman: Composer


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Colts turn title over to Montour
Spencer Casson agonizes over Chartiers Valley's 47-40 loss to Montour in the WPIAL Class AAA boys' championship game. Casson led the Colts with 18 points, 14 of which were scored in the first half.
Chartiers Valley scored only 11 second-half points and turned the ball over down the stretch as Montour came back to defeat the Colts, 47-40, and capture the WPIAL Class AAA boys' basketball title at the A.J. Palumbo Center.
"It hurts," said McConnell of the loss.
"But you can't turn the ball over against a team like theirs. Turnovers killed us.
"We scored only 11 second-half points. We turned the ball over way too much. And, we didn't get the ball inside the way we would have liked. We gave them too many opportunities to get back into the game."
The Colts appeared to be on their way to their sixth title under McConnell as they broke out to a 29-16 advantage before the Spartans waged a comeback to close to nine, 29-20, by intermission.
CV opened up the lead by penetrating the paint and dumping off to center Spencer Casson, who had a distinct height advantage over the competition. He scored 14 of his team-high 18 points in the first half. Because of Montour's defensive pressure, he did not score again until midway through the fourth frame on a pair of free throws that made the score, 35-34. He added a bucket with 2:05 to play.
By then, however the momentum had shifted in the Spartans' favor. Thanks to back-to-back 3-point field goals by Kevin Scuilli at 2:52 and 1:50, Montour opened up a 42-38 lead. Free throws by Devin Wilson in the final seconds of play sealed the victory for the Spartans.
Wilson exploded for 19 points, 12 in the second half. He also pulled down seven rebounds. Scuilli finished with nine markers as did Justin Hill.
Michael Boulos followed Casson in double digits with 12 while Matty McConnell was limited to four points. Dom Castello and Hayden Herzer each supplied three tallies for CV, which enters PIAA tournament action next week sporting a 22-4.
"We just have to get back to the drawing board and get ready to go," said McConnell.
Colts turn title over to Montour
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Slide 1 | What is Cancer? |
Cancer is a renegade system of growth that originates within a patient's biosystem, more commonly known as the human body. There are many different types of cancers, but all share one hallmark characteristic: unchecked growth that progresses toward limitless expansion.
It is difficult to imagine anyone who has not heard of this illness. Most people have been affected because either they or their loved ones or friends are cancer survivors.
Because cancer is so prevalent, people have many questions about its biology, detection, diagnosis, possible causes, and strategies for prevention.
Slide 2 | Different Kinds of Cancer |
Cancer can originate almost anywhere in the body.
Carcinomas, the most common types of cancer, arise from the cells that cover external and internal body surfaces. Lung, breast, and colon are the most frequent cancers of this type in the United States.Sarcomas are cancers arising from cells found in the supporting tissues of the body such as bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, and muscle.
Lymphomas are cancers that arise in the lymph nodes and tissues of the body's immune system.
Leukemias are cancers of the immature blood cells that grow in the bone marrow and tend to accumulate in large numbers in the bloodstream.
Slide 3 | Naming Cancers |
Scientists use a variety of technical names to distinguish the many different types of carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias. In general, these names are created by using different Latin prefixes that stand for the location where the cancer began its unchecked growth. For example, the prefix "osteo" means bone, so a cancer arising in bone is called an osteosarcoma. Similarly, the prefix "adeno" means gland, so a cancer of gland cells is called adenocarcinoma--for example, a breast adenocarcinoma.
Slide 4 | Loss of Normal Growth Control |
Cancer arises from a loss of normal growth control. In normal tissues, the rates of new cell growth and old cell death are kept in balance. In cancer, this balance is disrupted. This disruption can result from uncontrolled cell growth or loss of a cell's ability to undergo cell suicide by a process called"apoptosis." Apoptosis, or "cell suicide," is the mechanism by which old or damaged cells normally self-destruct.
Slide 5 | Example of Normal Growth |
To illustrate what is meant by normal growth control, consider the skin. The thin outermost layer of normal skin, called the epidermis, is roughly a dozen cells thick. Cells in the bottom row of this layer, called the basal layer, divide just fast enough to replenish cells that are continually being shed from the surface of the skin. Each time one of these basal cells divides, it produces two cells. One remains in the basal layer and retains the capacity to divide. The other migrates out of the basal layer and loses the capacity to divide. The number of dividing cells in the basal layer, therefore, stays the same.
Slide 6 | The Beginning of Cancerous Growth |
During the development of skin cancer, the normal balance between cell division and cell loss is disrupted. The basal cells now divide faster than is needed to replenish the cells being shed from the surface of the skin. Each time one of these basal cells divides, the two newly formed cells will often retain the capacity to divide, thereby leading to an increase in the total number of dividing cells.
Slide 7 | Tumors (Neoplasms) |
This gradual increase in the number of dividing cells creates a growing mass of tissue called a "tumor" or "neoplasm." If the rate of cell division is relatively rapid, and no "suicide" signals are in place to trigger cell death, the tumor will grow quickly in size; if the cells divide more slowly, tumor growth will be slower. But regardless of the growth rate, tumors ultimately increase in size because new cells are being produced in greater numbers than needed. As more and more of these dividing cells accumulate, the normal organization of the tissue gradually becomes disrupted.
Slide 8 | Invasion and Metastasis |
Cancers are capable of spreading throughout the body by two mechanisms: invasion and metastasis. Invasion refers to the direct migration and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues. Metastasis refers to the ability of cancer cells to penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and then invade normal tissues elsewhere in the body.
Slide 9 | Malignant versus Benign Tumors |
Depending on whether or not they can spread by invasion and metastasis, tumors are classified as being either benign or malignant. Benign tumors are tumors that cannot spread by invasion or metastasis; hence, they only grow locally. Malignant tumors are tumors that are capable of spreading by invasion and metastasis. By definition, the term "cancer" applies only to malignant tumors.
Slide 10 | Why Cancer is Potentially Dangerous |
A malignant tumor, a "cancer," is a more serious health problem than a benign tumor because cancer cells can spread to distant parts of the body. For example, a melanoma (a cancer of pigmented cells) arising in the skin can have cells that enter the bloodstream and spread to distant organs such as the liver or brain. Cancer cells in the liver would be called metastatic melanoma, not liver cancer. Metastases share the name of the original ("primary") tumor. Melanoma cells growing in the brain or liver can disrupt the functions of these vital organs and so are potentially life threatening.
Slide 11 | Cancer Detection and Diagnosis |
Detecting cancer early can affect the outcome of the disease for some cancers. When cancer is found, a doctor will determine what type it is and how fast it is growing. He or she will also determine whether cancer cells have invaded nearby healthy tissue or spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body. In some cases, finding cancer early may decrease a person's risk of dying from the cancer. For this reason, improving our methods for early detection is currently a high priority for cancer researchers.
Slide 12 | Early Cancer May Not Have Any Symptoms |
Some people visit the doctor only when they feel pain or when they notice changes like a lump in the breast or unusual bleeding or discharge. But don't wait until then to be checked because early cancer may not have any symptoms. That is why screening for some cancers is important, particularly as you get older. Screening methods are designed to check for cancer in people with no symptoms.
Slide 13 | Cervical Cancer Screening |
A screening technique called the Pap test (or Pap smear) allows early detection of cancer of the cervix, the narrow portion of the uterus that extends down into the upper part of the vagina. In this procedure, a doctor uses a small brush or wooden scraper to remove a sample of cells from the cervix and upper vagina. The cells are placed on a slide and sent to a laboratory, where a microscope is used to check for abnormalities. Since the 1930s, early detection using the Pap test has helped lower the death rate from cervical cancer more than 75 percent.
Should abnormalities be found, an additional test may be necessary. There are now 13 high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) recognized as the major causes of cervical cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved an HPV test that can identify their presence in a tissue sample. This test can detect the viruses even before there are any conclusive visible changes to the cervical cells.
Slide 14 | Breast Cancer Screening |
Breast cancer can sometimes be detected in its early stages using a mammogram, an X-ray of the breast. Mammography is most beneficial for women as they age and undergo menopause. Mammography is a screening tool that can detect the possible presence of an abnormal tissue mass. By itself, it is not accurate enough to provide definitive proof of either the presence or the absence of breast cancer. If a mammogram indicates the presence of an abnormality, further tests must be done to determine whether breast cancer actually is present.
Slide 15 | Prostate and Ovarian Cancer Screening |
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the PSA test along with a digital rectal exam to help detect prostate cancer in men age 50 and older . Doctors often use the PSA test and DRE as prostate cancer screening tests; together, these tests can help doctors detect prostate cancer in men who have no symptoms of the disease. Most men with an elevated PSA test, though, turn out not to have cancer; only 25 to 30 percent of men who have a biopsy due to elevated PSA levels actually have prostate cancer, so researchers are working hard to find new clues. Experts are trying to develop better blood tests that might alert people to malignancies while the cancers are still in their early stages. For example, several new blood tests for ovarian or prostate cancer are under development.
Slide 16 | Colon Cancer Screening |
A procedure called a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) detects invisible amounts of blood in the feces, a possible sign of several disorders, including colon cancer. The test is painless and can be done at home or in the doctor's office along with a rectal exam. With an application stick, a dab of a stool specimen is smeared on a chemically treated card, which is tested in a laboratory for evidence of blood. If blood is confirmed in the stool, more elaborate tests may be performed to find the source of the bleeding.
Some other options include sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. The former exam uses a lighted instrument called a sigmoidoscope to find precancerous or cancerous growths in the rectum and lower colon. The latter exam uses a lighted instrument called a colonoscope to find precancerous or cancerous growths throughout the colon, including the upper part.
Slide 17 | Biopsy |
To diagnose the presence of cancer, a doctor must look at a sample of the affected tissue under the microscope. Hence, when preliminary symptoms, Pap test, mammogram, PSA test, FOBT, or colonoscopy indicate the possible existence of cancer, a doctor must then perform a biopsy, which is the surgical removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination. (For leukemias, a small blood sample serves the same purpose.) This microscopic examination will tell the doctor whether a tumor is actually present and, if so, whether it is malignant (i.e., cancer) or benign. In addition, microarrays may be used to determine which genes are turned on or off in the sample, or proteomic profiles may be collected for an analysis of protein activity. This information will help doctors to make a more accurate diagnosis and may even help to inform treatment planning.
Slide 18 | Microscopic Appearance of Cancer Cells |
Cancer tissue has a distinctive appearance under the microscope. Among the traits the doctor looks for are a large number of irregularly shaped dividing cells, variation in nuclear size and shape, variation in cell size and shape, loss of specialized cell features, loss of normal tissue organization, and a poorly defined tumor boundary.
Slide 19 | Hyperplasia |
Instead of finding a benign or malignant tumor, microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen will sometimes detect a condition called "hyperplasia." Hyperplasia refers to tissue growth based on an excessive rate of cell division, leading to a larger than usual number of cells. Nonetheless, cell structure and the orderly arrangement of cells within the tissue remain normal, and the process of hyperplasia is potentially reversible. Hyperplasia can be a normal tissue response to an irritating stimulus. An example of hyperplasia is a callus that may form on your hand when you first learn to swing a tennis racket or a golf club.
Slide 20 | Dysplasia |
In addition to hyperplasia, microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen can detect another type of noncancerous condition called "dysplasia." Dysplasia is an abnormal type of excessive cell proliferation characterized by loss of normal tissue arrangement and cell structure. Often such cells revert back to normal behavior, but occasionally they gradually become malignant. Because of their potential for becoming malignant, areas of dysplasia should be closely monitored by a health professional. Sometimes they need treatment.
Slide 21 | Carcinoma in Situ |
The most severe cases of dysplasia are sometimes referred to as "carcinoma in situ." In Latin, the term "in situ" means "in place," so carcinoma in situ refers to an uncontrolled growth of cells that remains in the original location. However, carcinoma in situ may develop into an invasive, metastatic malignancy and, therefore, is usually removed surgically, if possible.
Slide 22 | Tumor Grading |
Microscopic examination also provides information regarding the likely behavior of a tumor and its responsiveness to treatment. Cancers with highly abnormal cell appearance and large numbers of dividing cells tend to grow more quickly, spread to other organs more frequently, and be less responsive to therapy than cancers whose cells have a more normal appearance. Based on these differences in microscopic appearance, doctors assign a numerical "grade" to most cancers. In this grading system, a low number grade (grade I or II) refers to cancers with fewer cell abnormalities than those with higher numbers (grade III, IV).
Slide 23 | Tumor Staging |
After cancer has been diagnosed, doctors ask the following three questions to determine how far the disease has progressed:
- How large is the tumor, and how deeply has it invaded surrounding tissues?
- Have cancer cells spread to regional lymph nodes?
- Has the cancer spread (metastasized) to other regions of the body?
Based on the answers to these questions, the cancer is assigned a "stage." A patient's chances for survival are better when cancer is detected at a lower stage.
Slide 24 | What Causes Cancer? |
Cancer is often perceived as a disease that strikes for no apparent reason. While scientists don't yet know all the reasons, many of the causes of cancer have already been identified. Besides intrinsic factors such as heredity, diet, and hormones, scientific studies point to key extrinsic factors that contribute to the cancer's development: chemicals (e.g., smoking), radiation, and viruses or bacteria.
Slide 25 | Population-Based Studies |
One way of identifying the various causes of cancer is by studying populations and behaviors. This approach compares cancer rates among various groups of people exposed to different factors or exhibiting different behaviors. A striking finding to emerge from population studies is that cancers arise with different frequencies in different areas of the world. For example, stomach cancer is especially frequent in Japan, colon cancer is prominent in the United States, and skin cancer is common in Australia. What is the reason for the high rates of specific kinds of cancer in certain countries?
Slide 26 | Heredity? Behaviors? Other Factors? |
In theory, differences in heredity or environmental risk factors might be responsible for the different cancer rates observed in different countries. Studies on people who have moved from one country to another suggest that exposure to risk factors for cancer varies by geographic location. For example, in Japan, the rate of colon cancer is lower, and the rate of stomach cancer is higher, than in the United States. But this difference has been found to gradually disappear in Japanese families that have moved to the United States. This suggests that the risk of developing the two kinds of cancer is not determined primarily by heredity. The change in risk for cancer for Japanese families could involve cultural, behavioral, or environmental factors predominant in one location and not in the other.
Slide 27 | Tobacco Use and Cancer |
Among the various factors that can cause cancer, tobacco smoking is the greatest public health hazard. Cigarette smoke contains more than two dozen different chemicals capable of causing cancer. Cigarette smoking is the main cause of lung cancer and contributes to many other kinds of cancer as well, including cancer of the mouth, larynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, kidney, and bladder. Current estimates suggest that smoking cigarettes is responsible for at least one out of every three cancer deaths, making it the largest single cause of death from cancer. Other forms of tobacco use also can cause cancer. For example, cigars, pipe smoke, and smokeless tobacco can cause cancers of the mouth.
Slide 28 | Low-Strength Radiation |
Some atoms give off radiation, which is energy that travels through space. Prolonged or repeated exposure to certain types of radiation can cause cancer. Cancer caused by the sun's ultraviolet radiation is most common in people who spend long hours in strong sunlight. Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight is a low-strength type of radiation. Effective ways to protect against ultraviolet radiation and to prevent skin cancer are to avoid going into strong, direct sunlight and to wear protective clothing. Sunscreen lotions reduce the risk of some forms of skin cancers.
Slide 29 | High-Strength Radiation |
Increased rates of cancer also have been detected in people exposed to high-strength forms of radiation such as X-rays or radiation emitted from unstable atoms called radioisotopes. Because these two types of radiation are stronger than ultraviolet radiation, they can penetrate through clothing and skin into the body. Therefore, high-strength radiation can cause cancers of internal body tissues. Examples include cancer caused by nuclear fallout from atomic explosions and cancers caused by excessive exposure to radioactive chemicals.
Slide 30 | Lag Time |
Chemicals and radiation that are capable of triggering the development of cancer are called "carcinogens." Carcinogens act through a multistep process that initiates a series of genetic alterations ("mutations") and stimulates cells to proliferate. A prolonged period of time is usually required for these multiple steps. There can be a delay of several decades between exposure to a carcinogen and the onset of cancer. For example, young people exposed to carcinogens from smoking cigarettes generally do not develop cancer for 20 to 30 years. This period between exposure and onset of disease is the lag time.
Slide 31 | Viruses |
In addition to chemicals and radiation, a few viruses also can trigger the development of cancer. In general, viruses are small infectious agents that cannot reproduce on their own, but instead enter into living cells and cause the infected cell to produce more copies of the virus. Like cells, viruses store their genetic instructions in large molecules called nucleic acids. In the case of cancer viruses, some of the viral genetic information carried in these nucleic acids is inserted into the chromosomes of the infected cell, and this causes the cell to become malignant.
Slide 32 | Examples of Human Cancer Viruses |
Only a few viruses that infect human cells actually cause cancer. Included in this category are viruses implicated in cervical cancer, liver cancer, and certain lymphomas, leukemias, and sarcomas. Susceptibility to these cancers can sometimes be spread from person to person by infectious viruses, although such events account for only a very small fraction of human cancers. For example, the risk of cervical cancer is increased in women with multiple sexual partners and is especially high in women who marry men whose previous wives had this disease. Transmission of the human papillomavirus (HPV) during sexual relations appears to be involved.
Slide 33 | AIDS and Kaposi's Sarcoma |
People who develop AIDS after being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at high risk for developing a specific type of cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma is a malignant tumor of blood vessels located in the skin. This type of cancer is not directly caused by HIV infection. Instead, HIV causes an immune deficiency that makes people more susceptible to viral infection. Infection by a virus called KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) then appears to stimulate the development of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Slide 34 | Bacteria and Stomach Cancer |
Viruses are not the only infectious agents that have been implicated in human cancer. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which can cause stomach ulcers, has been associated with the development of cancer, so people infected with H. pylori are at increased risk for stomach cancer. Research is under way to define the genetic interactions between this infectious agent and its host tissues that may explain why cancer develops.
Slide 35 | Heredity and Cancer |
Cancer is not considered an inherited illness because most cases of cancer, perhaps 80 to 90 percent, occur in people with no family history of the disease. However, a person's chances of developing cancer can be influenced by the inheritance of certain kinds of genetic alterations. These alterations tend to increase an individual's susceptibility to developing cancer in the future. For example, about 5 percent of breast cancers are thought to be due to inheritance of particular form(s) of a "breast cancer susceptibility gene."
Slide 36 | Heredity Can Affect Many Types of Cancer |
Inherited mutations can influence a person's risk of developing many types of cancer in addition to breast cancer. For example, certain inherited mutations have been described that increase a person's risk of developing colon, kidney, bone, skin or other specific forms of cancer. But these hereditary conditions are thought to be involved in only 10 percent or fewer of all cancer cases.
Slide 37 | Genetic Testing |
Laboratory tests can determine whether a person carries some of the genetic alterations that can increase the risk of developing certain cancers. For example, women who inherit certain forms of a gene called BRCA1 or BRCA2 have an elevated risk of developing breast cancer. For women with a family history of breast cancer, taking such a test may relieve uncertainty about their future risk. However, the information obtained from genetic tests is often complex and difficult to interpret. The decision to undergo genetic testing should therefore be a personal, voluntary one and should only be made in conjunction with appropriate genetic counseling.
Slide 38 | Cancer Risk and Aging |
Because a number of mutations usually must occur for cancer to arise, the chances of developing cancer increase as a person gets older because more time has been available for mutations to accumulate. For example, a 75-year-old person is a hundred times more likely to develop colon cancer than a 25-year-old. Because people are living longer today than they did 50 or 100 years ago, they have a longer exposure time to factors that may promote gene changes linked to cancer.
Slide 39 | Genes and Cancer |
Chemicals (e.g., from smoking), radiation, viruses, and heredity all contribute to the development of cancer by triggering changes in a cell's genes. Chemicals and radiation act by damaging genes, viruses introduce their own genes into cells, and heredity passes on alterations in genes that make a person more susceptible to cancer. Genes are inherited instructions that reside within a person's chromosomes. Each gene instructs a cell how to build a specific product--in most cases, a particular kind of protein. Genes are altered, or "mutated," in various ways as part of the mechanism by which cancer arises.
Slide 40 | DNA Structure |
Genes reside within chromosomes, the large DNA molecules, which are composed of two chemical strands twisted around each other to form a "double helix." Each strand is constructed from millions of chemical building blocks called "bases." DNA contains only four different bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine (abbreviated A, T, G, and C), but they can be arranged in any sequence. The sequential order of the bases in any given gene determines the message the gene contains, just as the letters of the alphabet can be combined in different ways to form distinct words and sentences.
Slide 41 | DNA Mutation |
Genes can be mutated in several different ways. The simplest type of mutation involves a change in a single base along the base sequence of a particular gene--much like a typographical error in a word that has been misspelled. In other cases, one or more bases may be added or deleted. And sometimes, large segments of a DNA molecule are accidentally repeated, deleted, or moved.
Slide 42 | Oncogenes |
One group of genes implicated in the development of cancer are damaged genes, called "oncogenes." Oncogenes are genes whose PRESENCE in certain forms and/or overactivity can stimulate the development of cancer. When oncogenes arise in normal cells, they can contribute to the development of cancer by instructing cells to make proteins that stimulate excessive cell growth and division.
Slide 43 | Proto-Oncogenes and Normal Cell Growth |
Oncogenes are related to normal genes called proto-oncogenes that encode components of the cell's normal growth-control pathway. Some of these components are growth factors, receptors, signaling enzymes, and transcription factors. Growth factors bind to receptors on the cell surface, which activate signaling enzymes inside the cell that, in turn, activate special proteins called transcription factors inside the cell's nucleus. The activated transcription factors "turn on" the genes required for cell growth and proliferation.
Slide 44 | Oncogenes are Mutant Forms of Proto-Oncogenes |
Oncogenes arise from the mutation of proto-oncogenes. They resemble proto-oncogenes in that they code for the production of proteins involved in growth control. However, oncogenes code for an altered version (or excessive quantities) of these growth-control proteins, thereby disrupting a cell's growth-signaling pathway.
By producing abnormal versions or quantities of cellular growth-control proteins, oncogenes cause a cell's growth-signaling pathway to become hyperactive. To use a simple metaphor, the growth-control pathway is like the gas pedal of an automobile. The more active the pathway, the faster cells grow and divide. The presence of an oncogene is like having a gas pedal that is stuck to the floorboard, causing the cell to continually grow and divide. A cancer cell may contain one or more oncogenes, which means that one or more components in this pathway will be abnormal.
Slide 45 | Tumor Suppressor Genes |
A second group of genes implicated in cancer are the "tumor suppressor genes." Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes whose ABSENCE can lead to cancer. In other words, if a pair of tumor suppressor genes are either lost from a cell or inactivated by mutation, their functional absence might allow cancer to develop. Individuals who inherit an increased risk of developing cancer often are born with one defective copy of a tumor suppressor gene. Because genes come in pairs (one inherited from each parent), an inherited defect in one copy will not lead to cancer because the other normal copy is still functional. But if the second copy undergoes mutation, the person then may develop cancer because there no longer is any functional copy of the gene.
Slide 46 | Tumor Suppressor Genes Act Like a Brake Pedal |
Tumor suppressor genes are a family of normal genes that instruct cells to produce proteins that restrain cell growth and division. Since tumor suppressor genes code for proteins that slow down cell growth and division, the loss of such proteins allows a cell to grow and divide in an uncontrolled fashion. Tumor suppressor genes are like the brake pedal of an automobile. The loss of a tumor suppressor gene function is like having a brake pedal that does not function properly, thereby allowing the cell to grow and divide continually.
Slide 47 | p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein Triggers Cell Suicide |
One particular tumor suppressor gene codes for a protein called "p53" that can trigger cell suicide (apoptosis). In cells that have undergone DNA damage, the p53 protein acts like a brake pedal to halt cell growth and division. If the damage cannot be repaired, the p53 protein eventually initiates cell suicide, thereby preventing the genetically damaged cell from growing out of control.
Slide 48 | DNA Repair Genes |
A third type of genes implicated in cancer are called "DNA repair genes." DNA repair genes code for proteins whose normal function is to correct errors that arise when cells duplicate their DNA prior to cell division. Mutations in DNA repair genes can lead to a failure in repair, which in turn allows subsequent mutations to accumulate. People with a condition called xeroderma pigmentosum have an inherited defect in a DNA repair gene. As a result, they cannot effectively repair the DNA damage that normally occurs when skin cells are exposed to sunlight, and so they exhibit an abnormally high incidence of skin cancer. Certain forms of hereditary colon cancer also involve defects in DNA repair.
Slide 49 | Cancer Tends to Involve Multiple Mutations |
Cancer may begin because of the accumulation of mutations involving oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. For example, colon cancer can begin with a defect in a tumor suppressor gene that allows excessive cell proliferation. The proliferating cells then tend to acquire additional mutations involving DNA repair genes, other tumor suppressor genes, and many other growth-related genes. Over time, the accumulated damage can yield a highly malignant, metastatic tumor. In other words, creating a cancer cell requires that the brakes on cell growth (tumor suppressor genes) be released at the same time that the accelerators for cell growth (oncogenes) are being activated.
Slide 50 | Mutations and Cancer |
While the prime suspects for cancer-linked mutations are the oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes, cancer conspires even beyond these. Mutations also are seen in the genes that activate and deactivate carcinogens, and in those that govern the cell cycle, cell senescence (or "aging"), cell suicide (apoptosis), cell signaling, and cell differentiation. And still other mutations develop that enable cancer to invade and metastasize to other parts of the body.
Slide 51 | Cancer Tends to Corrupt Surrounding Environment |
In addition to all the molecular changes that occur within a cancer cell, the environment around the tumor changes dramatically as well. The cancer cell loses receptors that would normally respond to neighboring cells that call for growth to stop. Instead, tumors amplify their own supply of growth signals. They also flood their neighbors with other signals called cytokines and enzymes called proteases. This action destroys both the basement membrane and surrounding matrix, which lies between the tumor and its path to metastasis--a blood vessel or duct of the lymphatic system.
Slide 52 | Cancer Prevention |
Since exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing agents) is responsible for triggering most human cancers, people can reduce their cancer risk by taking steps to avoid such agents. Hence the first step in cancer prevention is to identify the behaviors or exposures to particular kinds of carcinogens and viruses that represent the greatest cancer hazards.
Slide 53 | Avoid Tobacco |
As the single largest cause of cancer death, the use of tobacco products is implicated in roughly one out of every three cancer deaths. Cigarette smoking is responsible for nearly all cases of lung cancer, and has also been implicated in cancer of the mouth, larynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, kidney, and bladder. Pipe smoke, cigars, and smokeless tobacco are risky as well. Avoiding tobacco is therefore the single most effective lifestyle decision any person can make in attempting to prevent cancer.
Slide 54 | Protect Yourself From Excessive Sunlight |
While some sunlight is good for health, skin cancer caused by excessive exposure to sunlight is not among the sun's benefits. Because some types of skin cancer are easy to cure, the danger posed by too much sunlight is perhaps not taken seriously enough. It is important to remember that a more serious form of skin cancer, called melanoma, is also associated with excessive sun exposure. Melanomas are potentially lethal tumors. Risk of melanoma and other forms of skin cancer can be significantly reduced by avoiding excessive exposure to the sun, using sunscreen lotions, and wearing protective clothing to shield the skin from ultraviolet radiation.
Slide 55 | Limit Alcohol and Tobacco |
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol is linked to an increased risk for several kinds of cancer, especially those of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. The combination of alcohol and tobacco appears to be especially dangerous. For example, in heavy smokers or heavy drinkers, the risk of developing cancer of the esophagus is roughly 6 times greater than that for nonsmokers/nondrinkers. But in people who both smoke and drink, the cancer risk is more than 40 times greater than that for nonsmokers/nondrinkers. Clearly the combination of alcohol and tobacco is riskier than would be expected by just adding the effects of the two together.
Slide 56 | Diet: Limit Fats and Calories |
Studies suggest that differences in diet may also play a role in determining cancer risk. Unlike clear-cut cancer risk factors such as tobacco, sunlight, and alcohol, dietary components that influence cancer risk have been difficult to determine. Limiting fat consumption and calorie intake appears to be one possible strategy to decrease risk for some cancers, because people who consume large amounts of meat, which is rich in fat, and large numbers of calories exhibit an increased cancer risk, especially for colon cancer.
Slide 57 | Diet: Consume Fruits and Vegetables |
In contrast to factors such as fat and calories, which appear to increase cancer risk, other dietary components may decrease cancer risk. The most compelling evidence has been obtained for fruits and vegetables, whose consumption has been strongly correlated with a reduction in cancer risk. Although the exact chemical components in these foods that are responsible for a protective effect are yet to be identified, eating five to nine servings of fruits and vegetables each day is recommended by many groups.
Slide 58 | Avoid Cancer Viruses |
Actions can also be taken to avoid exposure to the small number of viruses that have been implicated in human cancers. A good example is the human papillomavirus (HPV). Of the more than 100 types of HPVs, over 30 types can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. Among these, there are 13 high-risk types recognized as the major cause of cervical cancer. Having many sexual partners is a risk factor for infection with these high-risk HPVs, which can, in turn, increase the chance that mild cervical abnormalities will progress to more severe ones or to cervical cancer.
Slide 59 | Avoid Carcinogens at Work |
Because people spend so much time at work, potential carcinogens in the work environment are studied carefully. Some occupational carcinogens have been identified because coworkers exposed to the same substances have developed a particular kind of cancer at increased frequency. For example, cancer rates in construction workers who handle asbestos have been found to be 10 times higher than normal.
Slide 60 | Industrial Pollution |
The fact that several environmental chemicals can cause cancer has fostered the idea that industrial pollution is a frequent cause of cancer. However, the frequency of most human cancers (adjusted for age) has remained relatively constant over the past half-century, in spite of increasing industrial pollution. So, in spite of evidence that industrial chemicals can cause cancer in people who work with them or in people who live nearby, industrial pollution does not appear to be a major cause of most cancers in the population at large.
Slide 61 | Is There a Cancer "Epidemic"? |
A common misconception arises from news stories suggesting we are experiencing a cancer "epidemic." This only appears to be the case because the number of new cancer cases reported is rising as the population is both expanding and aging. Older people are more likely to develop cancer; however, this trend is offset by new births, which are also increasing, and cancer is rare among the young. So as more and more members of a 75-million-strong "baby-boomer" cohort begin shifting en masse to older, more cancer-prone ages, the number of new cancer cases is expected to increase in the next several decades. But since the birth rate is also expected to increase, the cancer rate may either stay the same or, perhaps, decline.


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Does the Henrico Citizen publish a print edition?Yes, the Henrico Citizen newspaper is published 24 times a year – on the first and third Thursdays of each month.
Where can I pick up a copy of the print edition?
The Henrico Citizen is a free publication and is available at more than 120 locations throughout the county and region. For the full list, click here.
How long has the Citizen been in existence?
The Henrico Citizen was founded in 2001 and published its first issue Sept. 20, 2001.
Who owns the paper?
The Henrico Citizen was founded and is owned and operated by T3 Media, LLC.
Do you publish any other newspapers?
No, the Henrico Citizen is the only newspaper published by T3 Media, LLC.
Does the Henrico Citizen have Twitter or Facebook accounts?
Yes, you may friend us on Facebook here and follow us on Twitter here.
How can I submit news items, news tips, article ideas or letters to the editor to you?
You may e-mail these items to us at
How do I submit my event listing to you?
You may e-mail your events to us at
Can I fax information to you?
Yes; our fax number is (804) 577-1230.
How can I place a classified ad?
Can I subscribe to the Henrico Citizen print edition?
How can I learn more about display advertising in the Henrico Citizen or on HenricoCitizen.com?
What forms of payment do you accept?
We accept payment by cash, check, Visa, Mastercard and American Express.
What is your mailing/physical address?
We are located at 6924 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 307, Henrico VA 23228. You may send mail to us at the same address.
How many weeks before an event should I submit it to you?
Because we publish only twice each month, we recommend submitting your events as early as possible to ensure they appear at least once in print. Ideally, we would like to receive submissions 45-60 days prior to the date of the event.
I submitted an event but it didn't appear in print. Why not?
We receive numerous events each month and are unable to publish each one. We attempt to publish a wide variety of event notices from various organizations, giving preference to those that take place in Henrico and have a wide-reaching appeal to our readers. If your event was not included, we may have received it too late or simply lacked available space to include it this time. We do make every effort to include as many events as possible in our online calendar of events, which you may view here.
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We offer a number of published and unpublished photos for sale, as well as page reprints. You may view them and order items by clicking here.
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Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden nominated for North American honor
Henrico's Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden is one of only 20 gardens in North America nominated for USA Today's "10Best Reader's Choice" contest for Best Public Garden.
The 20 public gardens nominated are:
• Bloedel Reserve, Bainbridge Island, Wash.
• Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, New York
• Buthcart Gardens, Victoria, B.C.
• Callaway Gardens, Pine Mountain, Ga. > Read more.
Henrico PAL honors seven community members at annual banquet
Photo by Patty Kruszewski/Henrico Citizen 02/24/2014
The Fifth Annual Henrico Police Athletic League (PAL) Award Banquet, held Feb. 6 at The Cultural Arts Center at Glen Allen, honored HPAL's top volunteers and employees, including Morgan Lewis, Youth of the Year; Dale Alexander, Volunteer of the Year; Lowell Thomas, Employee of the Year, and Victor Williams, Board Member of the Year. Also honored for their support were Jim and Christi Dowd of Richmond BMW and Josh Davis of Henrico County Public Schools Pupil Transportation.
Keynote speaker for the banquet was Tim Hightower, a University of Richmond alumnus and former NFL running back. Hightower was introduced by Billy McMullen, former NFL player and a Henrico PAL board member. > Read more.
DAC chapter donates $1.3M in coupons
The Pocahontas Chapter of the National Society Daughters of the American Colonists, based in western Henrico, last year donated more than $1.3 million worth of manufacturers coupons to U.S. military personnel overseas. Throughout 2013, members and friends of the chapter clipped 952,349 manufacturers' coupons valued at $1,350,630, which Program Chairman Carole Featherston shipped to U.S. military bases abroad. Military personnel can use the coupons when shopping in base stores.
The National Society Daughters of American Colonists is a women's genealogical and patriotic society whose members are descended from a man or woman who rendered civil or military service in any of the American colonies prior to July 4, 1776. > Read more.
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Restaurant watch
Find out how your favorite dining establishments fared during their most recent inspections by the Virginia Department of Health. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
The Henrico County Division of Recreation and Parks has several events to offer residents this weekend! Do you have what it takes to be a volunteer at Meadow Farm Museum? Learn more about the African Americans who served in the Union Army during the Civil War at Dabbs House Museum, or check out the Henrico County Adventure Series. The Division of Fire will dedicate the new Fire Station #7 this weekend as well. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Khumba-ya? Not quite
But animated South African film has its moments
You might have seen something called Khumba while clicking through a Redbox recently (or perhaps it was nestled in some hidden corner of a DVD sale shelf). And chances are, you passed it by without much of a thought. Makes sense; that goggle-eyed cartoon zebra on the cover (a zebra that's dangerously close to becoming Madagascar copyright infringement) doesn't inspire much confidence.
But when Khumba starts up, it looks nothing like you'd expect. The camera gazes across the savannah and the soundtrack swells with triumphant South African vocals. > Read more.
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Chickahominy Family YMCA names new executive director
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Henrico County property transactions Feb. 17-23
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HCA opens 'Center for Emotional Growth' at Parham Doctors' Hospital
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Starting over
Henrico students honored by Interfaith Council
HEF awards grants to 9 Henrico schools
Miller Road to be closed at railroad crossing March 11-13
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text: Magnolia resident Frank Parker (right) was recently recognized for his many years of service to the City of Magnolia as mayor, a councilman, planning commissioner and president of the Magnolia 4B Economic Development Corporation Board of Directors. Parker, was elected to city council in 2000 and mayor in 2001. He was named the 4B board president in 2004, where he remained until his retirement last month. A plaque commending Parker for service was presented to him by Mayor Todd Kana (left) at a recent Magnolia City Council meeting.


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Powder Coated Finish: Yes | Rust Resistant: Yes |
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Woodard Aurora Stacking Dining Side Chair
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Write the first review Throughout the years, Woodard expanded its product offering. Changing lifestyles with an emphasis on comfort prompted Woodard to enter the tubular aluminum market. Soon after, Woodard began manufacturing cast aluminum furniture, providing an assortment of quality crafted casual furniture pieces. Most recently, Woodard added an all seasons wicker line focused on design innovation and comfort.
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Good Morning Vietnam! QVN
Tour Duration
Two Week Tour In Vietnam
On this Vietnamese adventure we travel along the beautiful coast from Ho Chi Minh City to Hanoi. We visit the beaches of Nha Trang, the ancient imperial city of Hue and the historic sea port of Hoi An. Using local transport and staying in simple hotels, we also board a junk in Halong Bay for a relaxing cruise around the magnificent towering limestone islands.
Tour Highlights
- Ho Chi Minh City - Learn about the resourcefulness of the Viet Cong at the Cu Chi Tunnels
- Hoi An - Charming ancient merchants' town on the banks of the Thu Bon River
- Hue - Perfume river cruise to Thien Mu Pagoda, the symbol of city
- Hanoi - Wander through the bustling narrow streets of the Old Quarter lined with shop-houses
- Halong Bay - Traditional junk boat cruise through one of the most breathtaking limestone landscapes in South-east Asia
Itineraries on some departure dates may differ, please select.
1Join tour Ho Chi Minh City; Afternoon orientation tour
2In Ho Chi Minh City
3Optional day trip to the Mekong Delta; Overnight train to Nha Trang
4Arrive Nha Trang; Free time
5Full day in Nha Trang; Overnight train to Danang
6Arrive Danang. Drive to Hoi An via China Beach
7Free in Hoi An
8Public bus to Hué via Hai Van Pass
9In Hue; overnight train to Hanoi
10Arrive Hanoi; Drive to Halong Bay and explore by junk
11Return to Hanoi; Orientation walk of Old Quarter
12In Hanoi; free time
13Tour ends Hanoi
Tour notes
Each departure date has it's own dedicated tour note, detailing all you need to know about that tour. Whether you've already booked, or weighing up your options, please choose carefully the relevant itinerary for you.
We have the following different versions of the Good Morning Vietnam! tour available at present.
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Computer training for senior citizens
Mt. Lebanon School District's Mellon Middle School teacher Deanna Amenta started an after school program with her BIT students and Student Council members to offer computer tutoring for local senior citizens. The tutoring sessions are held every Tuesday from 3-4 p.m. in the Mellon computer lab. Ms. Amenta pairs one of her BIT/Student Council students with a senior citizen to teach them basic computer skills. A volunteer from Mt. Lebanon Village has pitched in to help drive the seniors to Mellon each week. Ms. Amenta is looking for more "senior" students, since there are many Mellon students eager to share their knowledge of the digital world. For more information about the program or to sign up, contact Ms. Deanna Amenta at firstname.lastname@example.com or call Mellon Middle School at 412-344-2122.
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Women's Sizing
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Colorado Springs' My Hit Music Channel and Johnjay & Rich
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Ron Sexsmith
Ron Sexsmith
The earnest work of boyish Canadian singer/songwriter Ron Sexsmith won acclaim not from only critics but from fellow performers like Paul McCartney, Elvis Costello, and John Hiatt -- some of the same artists, ironically enough, who initially inspired Sexsmith himself to become a musician. Born in 1964 and raised in the Niagara Falls area, he started his first band at the age of 14, and within a few years earned his first regular gig at an area club. Influenced by Pete Seeger, he began making the rounds on the folk circuit, but soon decided to focus his attentions on becoming a songwriter. After moving to the Toronto area, Sexsmith formed the Uncool and began issuing his own material in 1985 with the cassette Out of the Duff, followed a year later by There's a Way. He continued performing while maintaining a day job as a courier but did not release anything more until 1991's Grand Opera Lane, recorded by Blue Rodeo's Bob Wiseman. The collection of songs helped earn Sexsmith a songwriting contract and eventually a recording deal with Interscope Records; teamed with producer Mitchell Froom, he released his self-titled debut in 1995. A follow-up, Other Songs, appeared two years later. In 1999, Sexsmith returned with Whereabouts, again produced by Froom. Three years later, Sexsmith inked a deal with Nettwerk and released Cobblestone Runway in October 2002. His seventh album, Retriever, followed two years later. In 2005, Sexsmith shifted creative gears with Destination Unknown, a primarily acoustic album recorded in collaboration with longtime bandmate Don Kerr. Time Being arrived in 2006. Two years later, Sexsmith released his ninth studio album, Exit Strategy of the Soul, which was produced by Martin Terefe. His tenth album, Long Player Late Bloomer, produced by Bob Rock and recorded at Sage and Sound Recording (Hollywood), The Orange Lounge (Toronto), and The Warehouse Studio (Vancouver), appeared early in 2011. Sexsmith returned to producer Mitchell Froom for his next release, Forever Endeavour, which arrived early in 2013. ~ Jason Ankeny, Rovi
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Bizet's Carmen Opens the 79th Season
Bizet's most beloved work opened the 2012-2013 Season for the Florentine Opera audience.
One of opera's most treasured classics returned to the Florentine Opera stage with a stunningly superb, critically acclaimed cast. Sensational and sensual in the Florentine's Rigoletto (2010), Audrey Babcock returned to Milwaukee as the rebellious Carmen, sharing her unmatched chemistry with rising international star Noah Stewart in his Florentine debut as Don José. Rena Harms returned as Michaela, on the heels of her show stopping performance as Liù in Turandot. Aaron St. Clair Nicholson made his Florentine Opera debut as the macho bullfighter, Escamillo. Stage Director Dean Anthony (Tosca, 2009) and Maestro Joseph Rescigno lead the dynamic cast to a powerful performance.
Reviews, Interviews and Preview for Carmen
- Read a review of Carmen by Elaine Schmidt of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
- Read a review of Carmen by Matthew Reddin of Thirdcoast Digest.
- Watch the Carmen performance clip on Ball Square Films website!
- Listen to Lake Effect on WUWM with Bonnie North and special Guests Audrey Babcock, Noah Stewart, Maestro Joseph Rescigno, and FO General Director WIlliam Florescu.
- Listen to Wisconsin Public Radio's Oct. 21 edition of 'University of the Air' with Carmen stage director Dean Anthony and FO General Director William Florescu as they discuss the opera, Bizet's talent as a composer, and the characters that make this classic one of the most beloved over all others.
- Listen to WTMJ Radio's 'Sunday Sip' interview with Carmen stage director Dean Anthony and FO General Director William Florescu.
- Read a preview article by Michael Muckien of the Wisconsin Gazette.
- Read a preview article by Steve Spice of the Shepherd Express.
- Read Limelight Magazine's interview (and video) with Noah Stewart (Don José in the Florentine Opera's recent production of Carmen).
- Watch Noah's latest video release from his chart topping LP.
Sung in French with English supertitles projected above the stage
This production was sponsored by Charles and Mary Ann LaBahn
Cast & Artist Biography for Carmen
- Audrey Babcock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Carmen
- Noah Stewart*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don José
- Rena Harms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micaëla
- Aaron St. Clair Nicholson* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Escamillo
- Peter Volpe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zuniga
- Dean Anthony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage Director
- Joseph Rescigno. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conductor
- Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra
- Florentine Opera Chorus
*denotes Florentine Opera debut
For a synopsis of Carmen click here
For a biography of Georges Bizet click here
Performance Information:
performances were held at Uihlein Hall,
Marcus Center for the Performing Arts
929 N. Water St., Milwaukee, WI
Friday, October 26, 2012 | 7:30pm
Sunday, October 28, 2012 | 2:30pm
The following is a companion piece to the pre-performance talk:
The enduring popularity of Georges Bizet's Carmen is reflected in its recording history. Beginning with one of the first full-length opera recordings ever made, a 1908 issue in German (!) starring Emmy Destinn, it has been committed to disc over and over again. For this survey I have consulted 33 CD recordings and 21 DVD versions, which are currently available. As usual, I have not attempted to include the dozens of 'unofficial' live recordings from broadcasts or other sources.
No definitive edition of the score of Carmen exists. The opera was written for the Opéra-Comique in Paris, where operas included spoken dialogue between the musical numbers. Beginning with the second performance in 1875 changes were made in the score in response to audience and critical objections to various aspects of the work, mainly to tone down some of the shockingly realistic aspects of the production. For the international market, operas written for this theatre customarily were revised to replace the spoken dialogue with orchestrally accompanied sung dialogue (recitative), but Bizet died before he could carry out this process and the task was taken over by his close friend, Ernest Guiraud. It was this version (in a German translation), which enjoyed a triumph the following fall in Vienna and which formed the basis of its subsequent world-wide popularity. Until the 1950's the original spoken dialogue version was pretty much the exclusive property of the Opéra-Comique and only a few recordings by its forces made use of it. The rest of the world knew the opera only in the recitative version.
In the early 1960's, however, the German musicologist Fritz Oeser published a new critical edition of the score which not only returned it to the dialogue version but also restored a number of sections of the score which had been cut or changed during rehearsals and during the original run of performances. This edition began to form the basis of many productions and recordings of the opera. Some of Oeser's inclusions were highly controversial, however particularly since it was impossible to be sure which cuts or changes had been artistic choices by the composer and which had been imposed on him by the management or by the performers. More recently a conductor's score has come to light, which seems to document what was played at the opening performance and includes some hand-written notations by the Bizet.
Obviously this is not the place to try to detail all the variants among these versions, but a rough indication of what to expect in a given performance can be given by indicating which of the three major versions is its basis. Accordingly I have identified my discussions of the CD and DVD recordings in two ways:
1. Dialogue versions
2. Recitative versions (the still widely used all sung version)
Dialogue versions usually include at least some of the 'lost' music which Oeser discovered in the archives, and performances using the dialogue almost always abridge it to a greater or lesser degree. One edition each on CD is based on the recently discovered score documenting the opera's opening night in 1875.
Within these categories, I have led off in each with my top recommendations, followed by versions that are recommended with reservations and a final group that I do not recommend. Other groups include variant performances based on the opera ranging from performances in languages other than French, to free adaptations and to such oddities as silent film versions
The links below will take you to either the complete reviews of all performances in each format or to individual sections as indicated.
For support materials and reviews of the Carmen recordings mentioned in the discussion click the links below:
ALL-DVD reviews (all)
By Chapter
DVD review (Top Recommendations) • DVD review (Recommended with reservations) • DVD review (of Historic Interest) • DVD review (Offshoots and Byways) • DVD review (Not recommended)
ALL-CD reviews (all)
By Chapter
CD review (Top Recommendations) • CD review (Recommended with reservations) • CD review (of Historic Interest) • CD review (Other Languages) • CD review (Not recommended)
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Julian Taub is a writer living in New York City.
Confronted with a string of unfavorable court rulings, the Confederacy staged a 13-day demonstration to kickstart a social movement.
National / Aug 17, 2013
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WIC Nutrition Program
WIC is a nutrition program for thousands of Maine families, helping Maine kids to grow up strong and healthy. WIC food benefits are available based on income guidelines and up-to-date nutrition research. This Web site seeks to serve all Maine families with free nutrition advice, tips for staying healthy, and resources for growing families.
Who can apply for the Maine WIC Nutrition Program?
WIC is open to anyone living in Maine, including migrants working in Maine. Applicants can be any of the following:
- Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding or had a baby in the last six months.
- Infants and children up to the age of five, including adopted and foster children.
- Fathers may apply for their children.
How do I apply?
Getting WIC benefits is simple. Call your nearest WIC office to make an appointment. Your first appointment will take about an hour of your time – an hour that can benefit you and your children for the rest of your lives.
WIC Prescreening Tool
Find out if you are eligible for the WIC program by clicking on the following link:
The first SPIRIT fact sheet.The Executive Steering Committee, USDA-FNS and Suntiva have worked together to create this document (PDF*).
Contact Info
- Monday - Friday 8am-5pm
- Voice: (207) 287-3991
Instate Toll Free:
TTY: Maine relay 711
Fax: (207)287-3993
Email:firstname.lastname@example.com - Mailing address:
11 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333
Phone Number to your
Local WIC Clinic
Auburn 207-795-4016
Augusta 207-621-6202
Bangor 207-992-4570
Bath 207-442-7963
Belfast 207-338-1267
Biddeford 207-283-2402
Calais 207-454-3634
East Wilton 207-645-3764
Ellsworth 207-667-5302
Machias 207-255-8280
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Presque Isle 207-768-3026
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Skohegan 207-474-7663
Waterville 207-872-1593
FY Policies (PDF*)
What's New
- Recalls, Market Withdrawals, & Safety Alerts
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- Constituent Updates
- Bumble Bee Foods Voluntary Recall on 5-Ounce Chunk Light Tuna Products Due to Loose Seals
- Townsend Farms Voluntarily Recalls
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- Garden-Fresh Foods Expanded Recall