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Expedition 3X Triple Burner Stove w/griddleItem #: TB90LWG
List Price: $396.00
Price: $199.99
You Save: $196.01 (49%)
Camp Chef's Expedition 3X now comes standard with easy-to-use Matchless Ignition system. The Expedition includes three large burners for a combined output of 90,000 BTU' which makes it one of the most powerful portable stoves currently available. To ... Learn More
Camp Chef Yukon Double Burner StoveItem #: YK60LW
List Price: $217.00
Price: $169.99
You Save: $47.01 (22%)
The Yukon packs more than enough power to cook for the hungriest crowd. An awesome propane stove, the Yukon sports a 448-square inch cooking surface and two 30.000 BTU burners. This stove makes cooking food for groups both large and small a breeze. ... Learn More
Out of stock
Camp Chef Universal Output Single BurnerItem #: SL30L
List Price: $100.00
Price: $72.99
You Save: $27.01 (27%)
This versatile 30,000 BTU/hr outdoor appliance is great to use alone. Or you can also use it along side your bigger stove to add more power to your outdoor kitchen. This low pressure system is versatile enough for any of your cooking needs from fryi... Learn More
Out of stock
Camp Chef Outdoorsman High Pressure Double Burner StoveItem #: EX280LW
List Price: $188.00
Price: $133.99
You Save: $54.01 (29%)
Need some cooking power? Maybe you have a big event coming up and need to cook for a multitude. The Camp Chef Outdoorsman High Pressure Double Burner Stove is the answer. With over 120,00 BTU/Hr of cooking power, there's no job too ... Learn More
Camp Chef Outdoorsman High Low Combo Double Burner StoveItem #: EX170LW
List Price: $188.00
Price: $145.99
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This beefed up Outdoorsman stove will make all your large capacity cooking a breeze. Whether it is a seafood boil or a spaghetti dinner for a crowd, you have found the stove you need. This rugged stove is built with wide range of cooking in mind, wi... Learn More


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Auto Claims Adjuster Jobs in North Carolina
5 North Carolina Auto Claims Adjuster jobs found on Monster.
Applicant must reside in the Charlotte, North Carolina area or surrounding suburbs. Job entails some overnight travel and must be available to perform Catastrophe - CAT duty. This position will be based out of our Charlotte, NC Office. Job Requirements: • Minimum of 2-3 years of progressive 1st party personal line property claims experience as a claim representative which includes at least two yea...
We have a Raleigh client seeking a candidate primarily experienced in Worker's Compensation with Auto Liability experience a real plus. The ideal candidate will have handled claims for a school board or association, Multi-Line Adjusting experience, etc. If available for a temp, temp-to-hire opportunity, please contact us as soon as possible. Salary is commensurate with experience....
Overview Sentry Insurance is seeking an exceptionally organized individual in search of fast paced work to fulfill our Field Auto Damage Claims Appraiser position in North Carolina. This is a career opportunity where you'll control loss expenses by monitoring physical damage claims and inspect repair estimates. Working closely with dealerships and repair facilities you will help to ensure accurate...
Overview Are you looking for a career that will provide: Guidance and support from some of the best managers in the industry. A strong team environment with coworkers who will celebrate your successes and help you when you need a hand. Opportunities for development and educational incentives. A fun environment where work is infused with games and laughter. Competitive salary and benefits. We are l...
Positions: Personal Injury case manager for fast paced law firm with multiple locations. Job would include investigating coverage and accidents, negotiating settlements with adjusters. Maintaining client relationships through sharing information regarding the claims process and settlement stages. Skills/Qualifications: Must have minimum of 3 years claims experience. Associate degree or equivalent...
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Anyone a prior claims adjuster who changed jobs?
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Can you tell me what you like or dislike about your job? Also, did you have to take pre-employment testing?...and what did that consist of.
Thank you! :)
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$34,100.00 - $75,938.00
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Popular Auto Claims Adjuster Articles
Is Your Job About to Become Career Roadkill?
Will your job still be around a few years from now? If you're in one of these seven occupations, your career might be over sooner than you'd like.
Sample Resume for an Insurance Claims Processor
Use this sample resume for an automotive insurance claims processor to help you stake your claim on your next insurance job.

subset: commoncrawl


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Description: Abel Grey is sent to investigate the death of a boy from an exclusive local school, who is found floating in the river. Fearing scandal, the school insists it was suicide. But after discovering from the boy's girlfriend, Carlin, that he was being badly bullied, Abel suspects that a dangerous schoolboy initiation has gone horribly wrong, and he secretly solicits the help of a sympathetic teacher, Betsy. His boss warns him off the investigation, as the school is a generous benefactor to the police benevolent fund. Abel, however, cannot let the case go, not only because his own brother committed suicide years before but also it seems that the spirit of the dead boy is leaving them clues as to what really happened that night.
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Mike Cohen hightlights what appeats to be a bug in Mac OS X 10.2.3 that induces the ultimate nasty: A Kernel panic. Mike's created a discussion on Apple's boards for this problem, which only affects 10.2.3.
Daily Archives: January 2, 2003
Jhai foundation needs you!
Danny writes a brilliant piece on the Jhai Foundation, an organisation founded by Lee Thorn and aided by ideas of 2002.
However, it looks like the piddling $25,000 the scheme needs isn't going to come through until after the monsoon season starts, effectively delaying the project. So, Danny suggests, it's time for us to put our hands in our pockets and donate whatever you can – even $10 will help. You can PayPal the Jhai Foundation on their donations page (mention it's for "Remote IT").


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Peter, much as I enjoy Rod Dreher's writing, his piece is all too typical of the Huckabee-as-victim meme that is now beginning to surface (not least in those monstrously self-regarding comments, complete with quotation from Isaiah, from Huckabee himself). The idea that social conservatives are not taken seriously by the GOP hierarchy is, quite simply, nonsense : how else to explain, for example, some of the twisting and turning we have seen from Messrs Romney and Giuliani in recent months?
As for the idea that Governor Huckabee has been given an unfairly rough ride, Glenn Reynolds discusses that here:
I think that Huckabee has gotten a lot of mileage out of being a likable guy…Now that he's moved up in the polls, people are starting to give him the kind of scrutiny that the Giulianis and McCains have been getting all along, and his positions aren't holding up well. As for why people didn't feel that way about Bush in 1999, that's easy — it was because America was still taking a holiday from history, and foreign affairs and national security didn't seem that important. Maybe we've learned something since then.


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Cheap Flights from Kinshasa to Mauritius
Did You Know?
- There are 55 countries in the same zone as Mauritius.
- The longest flight to Mauritius is 6,075 miles.
- The currency symbol for MUR is MUR.
- There are 28 cities with flights to Mauritius.
- Air Mauritius has the most flights to Mauritius.


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By: TheAnimist
A Sam & Max machinima short created by Telltale.
Views: 484 | Posted: 08/16/2009
By: TheAnimist
A Sam & Max machinima short created by Telltale.
Views: 793 | Posted: 03/22/2009
By: TheAnimist
From the Summer of Sam & Max, the commentary for Sam & Max: Episode 3: The Mole, the Mob, and the Meatball by the Production Team of Telltale Games. *Contains Spoilers*
Views: 480 | Posted: 07/15/2007
Sam and Max are sent to find a missing mole, and must go undercover as part of the Toy Mafia in another outlandish adventure.
Views: 12,631 | Posted: 01/22/2007
Follow Sam and Max as they question another witness that may be having a little trouble with the mob.
Views: 21,402 | Posted: 01/17/2007
Sam and Max discuss the pros and cons of reality TV.
Views: 10,854 | Posted: 01/17/2007
Week of
Mar. 16
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Release Date: 03/18/2014
, Xbox 360, PS3
Release Date: 03/18/2014
Release Date: 03/18/2014
Release Date: 03/18/2014
A fallen warrior returns from the dead to seek vengeance on the man who killed him.
Release Date: 03/20/2014
A fast-paced action platforming game that has players navigating different environments and shooting enemies as they...
Release Date: 03/25/2014
A collection of three Cut The Rope games featuring: The original Cut the Rope, Cut the Rope: Experiments, and Cut the...
PC, Mac, Hybrid PC/Mac
Release Date: 03/25/2014
An expansion to Diablo III featuring a new class, new spells, and a higher level cap.
Release Date: 03/25/2014
Become the legendary John Rambo as Reef Entertainment brings the Rambo movies to life with the official video game.
Release Date: 04/01/2014
The Arkham series makes its debut on handheld systems in this 2.5-D Metroid-style exploration action game.
PS3, Xbox 360, Wii U, PC
Release Date: 04/02/2014
This download-only title brings the handheld game to life with enhanced high-definition graphics and sound.
Hybrid PC/Mac, Hybrid PC/Mac, Mac
Release Date: 04/04/2014
Vita, 3DS
Release Date: 04/15/2014
Release Date: 04/15/2014
A challenging rhythm action game that will test players reflexes in 80 adventurous levels.
Release Date: 04/15/2014
From the creators of War of the Roses comes this online multiplayer combat game set in the 9th and 10th centuries and...


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Is Going To Hell For Not Believing In God
Tags: Atheism, Atheist, God, No, Religion
Albums: Never-Mind
Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra
So many people worship Steve Jobs who designed computers for spoiled brats who don't want to learn anything about computers. Bill Gates is unimaginably rich and is actively engaged in giving it away. Steve Jobs seemed not to believe much in philanthropy.
Yes ! Gates Also Donated 12 Billion Dollars In India For Polio
Apparently we have forgotten that thousands of other engineers also worked on the hardware and software, but they are not mentioned.
Think Atheist is 100% member supported
All proceeds go to keeping Think Atheist online.
Started by IkeArrumba in Religion and the Religious, Atheism and Atheists 30 minutes ago. 0 Replies 0 Likes
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Navajo sandcast pins from the 1960s. The Rainbow yei'ii at top left is 2 inches across and $125. The others are each $160. The two nazhas are each 2.25 inches across and the figure is 3 inches tall. |
A classic concha style buckle from the 1930s or 40s. 2.5 by 3 inches and made for a 1 1/4 inch belt. $400. |
A very early Hopi overlay buckle, with corn motifs. The hallmark on the back is, in my opinion, that of Everett Harris, Tobacco Clan from Musangnovi. It was purchased in 1952. Very rare to find his work. 1.5 by 3 inches and made for a 1 1/4 inch belt. $800. |
A sandcast Rainbow Yei'ii necklace, circa 1960-70s. 28 inches long. $675. >> |
< Though it has the feel of an older piece, this squash blossom necklace was made about 1986 - the date it won 3rd prize at the Museum of Northern Arizona's annual Navajo show.Of considerable interest is the judge who signed the ribbon: John Adair, author of Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths, a epic study first published in 1944. $1100. |
A trio of nice older bracelets. The one at center measures 5/8 inch across at the widest point (the turquoise). Made of hammered ingot it probably dates to the 1920s or so. $675 The bracelet at left with the delicate notching is just over 3/8 inch wide and $165. The bracelet at right is the same width and $145. |
A beautiful, plain silver bracelet, circa 1930s. 5/8 inch wide. 5.5 inches with a 1 inch opening. $400. |
A 1950-60s era Navajo bracelet 1.5 inches wide. The turquoise is from one of the Nevada Mines...possibly a mixture of stones from Royston and Blue Gem. 5.75 inches with a 1 inch opening. $1100. |
Wonderful provenance on this Zuni squash blossom necklace with matching earrings It was purchased 4/2/1976 from the Popovi Da Studio in San Ildefonso Pueblo. (He was a son of famed potter Maria Martinez). The receipt is signed by Anita Martinez, one of Maria's granddaughters. $2200. (Santa Fe) |
Two Zuni Rainbow dancers from around 1950-mid 1960s. (Tucson) The one at left is 3 inches high and $800. The one at right is 4 inches high and $900. |


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Top Links
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photo galleryquotesClub-Goer #1 (Character)
from 2:22 (2009)
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Edit Credits- 2:22 (2009) Played by Keenan McClelland / Kevin Walker (as Club-Goer #4) / Aleksandra Chernova (as Club-Goer #3) / Meredith Placko (as Club-Goer #2)
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REDWOOD CITY, CA -- (Marketwired) -- 06/17/13 -- Turn (www.turn.com), the cloud marketing platform, announced the appointment of Wolfgang Maasberg as senior vice president of sales and field operations, a new global position. The former CEO of Lyris and senior vice president at Adobe and Omniture brings extensive enterprise software sales experience to this role. Maasberg will lead worldwide sales, account management, customer operations, and sales engineering throughout Turn's Americas, Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), and Asia-Pacific regions.
"Wolfgang has deep experience as a sales leader in enterprise software for marketers, having grown his team's portfolio at Ominture to over $250 million," says Bill Demas, president and CEO, Turn. "His leadership will be key as we expand the worldwide customer base for Turn's SaaS business and cloud marketing platform solutions."
Maasberg was formerly CEO of Lyris, a publicly traded marketing automation platform company with more than 5,000 global customers. Prior to that, he was senior vice president of sales at Omniture, an online marketing business that was acquired by Adobe in 2010. He previously held senior sales positions with Coremetrics, Fit Interactive Technologies and Dell.
"Turn is the global leader in providing real-time insights that transform how marketers make decisions," says Wolfgang Maasberg, svp of sales and field operations, Turn. "We have great momentum in the U.S. and Europe, and a rapidly expanding business in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region, where the potential for data-driven marketing is huge. I'm looking forward to bringing our industry-leading solutions and services to new markets and new opportunities -- and helping drive ROI for top advertisers worldwide."
Turn provides two real-time marketing platforms: Audience Suite, an enterprise data management platform, and Campaign Suite, a digital media buying platform for video, mobile, social, and display advertising. Turn works with the world's top brands, agencies and trading desks including Aegis, AT&T, Chrysler, Experian, IPG/Mediabrands, OMG and Vivaki.
About Turn
Turn delivers real-time insights that transform the way leading advertising agencies and marketers make decisions. Our cloud applications and Internet-scale architecture work together to provide a complete picture of customers, execute cross-channel campaigns, and connect with a worldwide ecosystem of more than 100 partners. Turn is headquartered in Silicon Valley and provides its platform, products, and services worldwide. For more information, visit turn.com or follow @turnplatform.
Image Available: http://www2.marketwire.com/mw/frame_mw?attachid=2336870
Jonathan Gardner
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News Column
Turn Names Wolfgang Maasberg Head of Sales and Field Operations
Jun 17 2013 12:00AM
Source: Marketwire
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Stories By Timothy Go
129 Jan 2014 Wed
"No" option valid political choice in upcoming Thai election
With Sunday's election looking set to go ahead, registered Thai voters have no choice but to cast a vote or face penalties for abstaining. There is a "No" option in the ballot for voters to tick to register their vote, and in Thailand, that is a valid political choice.
TRENDinfoThis graph is an experimental feature that tracks number of views over time.


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Dongguan Yin Yun Metal Crafts Co., Ltd.
Supplier Assessment
Assessed supplier has been assessed by Impartial third-party verification company, giving buyers in-depth details and authoritative information about suppliers for free, to help buyers source smarter and safer.
Onsite Check
The supplier's company premises has been checked by Alibaba.com staff to ensure onsite operations exist there. A third-party verification company has confirmed the legal status of the supplier.
Business Type: | Manufacturer | |
Location: | Guangdong, China (Mainland) | |
Year Established: | 2013 | |
Total Revenue : | confidential |
Registration No.: | 441900001624012 | |
Main Markets: |
North America,Western Europe,Domestic Market Details |
Product Showcase
Include: Stainless Steel Jewelry (Ring,Necklace,B... View More
Company Description
Dongguan Chang'an Yin Yun Metal Crafts Factory is located in Dongguan and is specialized in manufacturing Fashion jewelry. With an experienced and professional team, we have exported our products to many countries and regions all over the world, especially Europe and the United States .Our products enjoy a good reputation among our customers. We welcome customers, business associations and friends from all parts of the world to contact us and seek cooperation for mutual benefits.


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Crossword puzzles - wordplay blog - nytimes.com, The new york times wordplay blog is the place to download and discuss crossword puzzles, written by deb amlen with contributions from will shortz.. Crosswords & games - nytimes.com - the new york times, Solve the weekly new york times crossword puzzle and play numerous games for free or subscribe to premium crosswords and enjoy the daily crossword puzzle online.. The new york times - breaking news, world news & multimedia, The new york times online with news, politics, business, technology, sports, science, health, arts, style, opinions, and classifieds..
L.a.times crossword corner - blogger, A blog about crosswords and puzzles c.c. started this blog on january 21, 2008. she was later joined by seven more contributors.. The new york times crossword puzzle - xword info -- all, New york times crossword puzzle answers and statistics. L.a.times crossword corner: friday, february 7, 2014, Barry g. said morning, all! ouch. no circles for me, and i incorrectly guessed riverbank for the theme since i had nothing to go on visually. it was.
Ny times magazine - the new york times - breaking news, Chiara goia for the new york times. roy, at home in new delhi.. Web's new york times crossword solution @ nytcrossword.com, I do the new york times puzzle online every evening, the night before it is published in the paper. then, i "google & wiki" the references that puzzle me, or that i. The new york times - breaking news, world news & multimedia, Find global breaking news, multimedia, reviews & opinion, business, sports, movies, travel, books, jobs, education, real estate, cars & more at nytimes.com..


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Ask Questions About can iphone 5 update to ios7 – Get Answers – No Registration Required
my game wont update for some reason
I'm trying to decide if I want to upgrade my iphone 4 from iOS6 to ios7. I know there were a lot of complaints when ios7 first came out. But can anyone give me an update about how rece
Can anyone help me? I have an iphone 4s and it will not longer charge after an IOS update. Please help??!!!
After updating to iOS 7.0.1 I went out in the car and it connected to car fine and I made calls. When I next went out 20 mins later my Bluetooth has a spinning icon as if it is trying to switch
why cant i update my apps on i phone after i changed my apple id
Some attention was given to the fact that when ios7 came out, a possibility was offered to install versions of an app that didn't require the latest (and not-so-greatest O:-) ) version of the OS.
I have a iphone 3G it's up to date with IOS 6.1.6 but will not update or download any apps but I've looked at my apps compacity my iphone is compatible with them. Can anyone help? I've tri
I've had my iphone 5 since September, so about 6 months now. Last week, I was backing up my phone like I do every so often, and I was asked if I wanted to update my phone to the newer, updated ver
Why can't I update iOS 7.0.6 from my iphone 5? It keeps showing the message of an error occurred downloading. I need help.
Recently I updated my iphone 4S to ios7.0.6 from ios5 and there are few very annoying problems.Firstly the games that ran smooth on ios5 are lagging in gameplay. Also the games crash and close does ve
My iphone 4 Proximity Sensor not working properly How To cheque This Problme Is Software Or Hardware
my iphone 4 proximity sensor is not working after update ios 7 is this software issue or hardware
I have an iphone 4s and i updated it to 7.0.6 a few days back, but since then no sound is coming from speaker while playing music or videos. Not even while typing and locking the phone. I tried removi
I need a shsh for ios 5.1.1
I'm wondering when the time comes to update to 7.1, will this delete apps that were pulled from the app store (in this instance, Flappy Bird) Thanks so much.
I unlock my iphone 4s, 4 months ago on line, but I don't know if it was a hard or from the carrier(official) unlock or only a software, the iphone doesn't have Cydia or any other Jailbreaking
I'm trying to update my iphone 4S and it tells me I need to update my itunes...it won't let me update my itunes until I update my Mac OX ? and that wants me to pay...how do i fix this?
I was updating to the new iOS (7.0.6) and I was connected to my main iTunes computer. There was no trouble downloading the actual software update, the trouble came when it was being installed on
When trying to update my iphone 5 to version 7.0.6 it fails to install. Why?
I cannot update my apps or sign in to the iTunes Store because iTunes Store is diplaying my old apple ID username. I have tried the sign in and out with the new ID: doesn't work.
I have an iphone 4, with iOS 5.1.1 installed. I would like to upgrade to iOS 6, but NOT iOS 7, which is the most recent available. How can I select the desired operating system, rather than automatica
When I try to login to the AppStore to update my apps om my iphone 5s it has a different username than mine. How do I change it. It is correct when I go to settings/itunes
I recently did an update and my iphone 4 battery now drains within 6 hours (preveiously would be fine for 36 hours), I was told to reset my iphone and then set it up as a new phone , so as not t
My iphone 5 will not update the iOS 7.0.6 ! I'm plugged in, & have wifi. Any suggestions? Thanks!!
if i update my iphone will i lose my images, music and that?
Anyone encountering this issue? I updated my iphone 4 , manage to update, but when i turned off the phone , I am unable to boot it up now. Tried all of hard rest tricks, and DFU modes. nothing working
i tried to update my iphone 4s from 6.1 to 7 and it stopped, now my computer won't recognize the phone and the phone is in recovery mode. what should i do?
A couple months ago I updated my apple ID from firstname.lastname@example.com to firstname.lastname@example.com and now I am having issues with something else and need to restore to a backup to fix my second issue. My primary is
I updated my iphone from ios 7.04 to ios 7.06. The phone stopped suddenly. I can do nothing. The phone is showing the apple sign in display from last day. My Itunes don't detect my iphone. Could y


text:
Abu Dhabi: Children not yet registered for an Emirates ID card must be signed up for the national identity scheme by the end of the month.
UAE | Government
Emirates ID deadline soon for children under 15
Emirates ID registration centres not affected as children's registration completed at typing centres
- Image Credit: Oliver Clarke/Gulf News
- A typing centre at Mazaya Centre in Dubai accepts ID card applications. Children not yet registered for an Emirates ID card must be signed up for the national identity scheme by the end of September.
Parents have until September 30 to complete registration for children up to 15 years old.
The deadline for children has not affected the Emirates ID registration centres across the country, as children's registration is completed at typing centres.
About 1,100 centres across the country are open from early morning to late at night to avoid a rush.
To register for an ID card, or renew the existing one, children under 15 have to fill out an electronic application form with fee payment either online or at a typing centre.
Parents or representatives can submit at typing centres or upload online a passport-size picture.
They do not need to visit a registration centre as the authority does not take fingerprints of children under 15.
Most children have already registered.
"About 92 per cent of the children under 15 have registered so far," an official spokesperson of Emirates Identity Authority (Emirates ID) told Gulf News on Wednesday, without revealing any particular numbers.
He said some among the remaining 8 per cent of children, some would be exempt from the deadline as their residence visa may be expiring this year.
The authority had earlier announced children whose residence visa expires between October 1 and December 31 this year did not need to register before the September 30 deadline.
They can register while renewing their residence visa.
The authority has linked residence visa renewal and ID card registrations across the country.
Some children could not register due to a previous regulation which insisted on having independent passports for children.
But considering the fact that some nations do not issue independent passports to children until the age of 18, the authority changed the rule last week.
Children with passports attached to the passport of their parents have been allowed to register for ID cards from last Sunday.
More from UAE Government
More from UAE
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- Impartiality in news production is a challenge
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- Mohammad Bin Zayed offers condolences
- Vice-President tweets about desert surprise
- UAE dominates the international school market
- Chronicling UAE's rags to riches story
- UAE's first eco-friendly mosque to open soon
- In reporting, it's important to be there
- Cigarette butts disposed incorrectly in Sharjah
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- Pioneering Emirati woman poet honoured
Community Reports
Cigarette butts disposed incorrectly in Sharjah
Reader raises concern over how people continue to be careless regardless of there being several accidents in the past.
A project focusing on 'sameness'
The Sameness Project aims to connect residents through simple acts of kindness.
Sharjah area plunged into dawn darkness
Malfunctioning streetlights in Al Shuwaiheen have been out of action for 'many months'
Barbecue in the balcony
Reader raises concern over residents setting up a grill in their balcony.


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Ok, I have eaten far too much in Florence, and I know I should really be cutting back, but what is it about Italian food that makes you CRAVE it? 12 more words
Tags » Dieting
Chicken enchilada review nutrisystem.
I loved this meal!! It's not authentic Mexican obviously but still good. The sauce is great, the enchilada cooked nicely, and the rice had some flavor as well. 17 more words
Fitch please
Thin is often associated with beauty, but being size 10+ doesn't make you ugly, does it?
CEO of Abercrombie and Fitch Mike Jefferies thinks so. In an interview Jefferies talked about the company's target audience; '"Candidly, we go after the cool kids. 312 more words
Why sugar is ruining our health
Each week the average Briton consumes 238 teaspoonfuls of a potentially toxic substance linked to long-term health problems – often without knowing it. But just how hard is it to… 2,360 more words
Empty Plate Syndrome
I'm really trying to loose weight. Boo has been trying since just before Christmas and so far as done amazing, we generally eat the same but one of my issues I've identified is I eat too much! 221 more words
Are You Making These 3 Common Dieting Mistakes?
Trying to lose weight but the pounds won't come off? Wondering what you're doing wrong?
Losing weight can be challenging. And it's even worse if you're making mistakes that sabotage your diet… 668 more words
Day Two 3/11/14
ahhhh…it took me a long time to fall asleep last night, but once i did, i slept like a rock. (yes, a rock, because we all know babies don't sleep well!) i woke up feeling refreshed and good. 321 more words


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: [Pokémon]
Pokemon Odyssey: A New Beginning (T) [OOC +SU)
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March 23rd, 2013, 11:49 AM
Happy Saint Patrick's Day!
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@Vegeta: Oh yeah, sorry, the two are so damn similar. (lol no offense) Congrats on your finals BTW.
I don't have much to post about. I miss posting really big posts that nobody has the time to read.
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by: Ethan A. Huff Natural News A leading cause of ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) and autism in children could be the hidden chemicals lurking in the foods we eat, the water we drink and the products we consume, says a new study recently published in The Lancet. Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health … Continue reading
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Dietary spirulina reduces copper toxicity, improves blood and growth
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FEMA Accelerates Preparations For Pandemic
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Top 6 Artery Cleansing Foods
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SOURCE: DAILY MAIL Too much TV can change the structure of a child's brain in a way which can lead to lower verbal intelligence Watching too much television can change the structure of a child's brain in a damaging way, according to a new study. Researchers found that the more time a child spent viewing … Continue reading
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Do you believe that diet soda is healthful? What about flavored water? For one reason or another, there are numerous foods that have gained the title of "healthy food" when they really aren't. Many of these foods are still being sold as healthy options and well-intentioned consumers are continuing to eat it up. Sometimes these … Continue reading
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Those Vaccinated With The Pertussis Vaccine Are Spreading Disease
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October 8, 2010 to October 10, 2010 – Dallas Fort Worth Texas Texas Freethought Convention http://www.texasfreethoughtconvention.com/ October 8-10th, 2010 in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas! If you are in Texas or a neighboring state you must attend because it's going… Organized by Texas Freethought Convention, Inc. | Type: convention
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New Board Advice - all mountain/jumps
I've been riding for about 10 years, but get out maybe a dozen times a year. I like to ride all mountain and park (1/3-1/2 of the time?). But I mainly hit jumps, a few boxes, but definitely not looking for a jib board. I'm somewhat new to the Pacific Northwest, but I'm not really looking for a powder board right now (I'm young, so I don't mind the extra work when I do get to ride powder). I want something to hit big kickers and do spins, but also just cruise around the whole mountain. Prefer a true twin, centered stance for riding switch. I've had a 2006 K2 Darkstar (154) for a long time now and was pretty clueless to the new board tech. I got a chance to demo some Lib Tech/GNU boards recently, which have steered me a bit in the general direction of what I want, but I want some help narrowing down the list. I tried the GNU Pickle 156 (wanted a Skate Banana, but they didn't have it). I wouldn't say I hated it, but I felt like it was my first time on a snowboard for the first run. Didn't like the "loose" feel to it. Loved the magnetraction, especially because there wasn't much snow and it could handle the really icy spots. Also, the asymmetric sidecut just felt weird to me. I didn't know about it until after I swapped boards, but I did feel like I wanted to ride more on my heels. I also tried a TRS 154. I really liked that board. It felt more "stable" and aggressive, like I'm used to on my traditional camber board. Unfortunately, there wasn't enough snow to have any park jumps ready for the demo, so I only got a little feel for the boards on some natural hits. I did decide that I do not want a rocker board, but the hybrid camber boards that ride more like camber seemed fine. I'm not sure how the "rocker-camber-rocker" boards are, but I guess I'd like them. And I really want a more "aggressive" board. I'd also prefer a sintered base. So I've come up with a list based on reviews at The Good Ride | A Snowboard Gear Buying Guide . I was looking for something that would be good for jumps, have good edge hold, and be good for speed. I'm not really sure which would be best. Also, I'm 150 lbs, 6 feet tall, 9.5 boot size, and ride a 15/-15 stance. Lib Tech Hot Knife 156 (it seems like it would be more like a camber board than the TRS, which I did demo) Salomon Sabatoge 156 Rome Mod 156 Ride DH 157 Lib Tech TRS 157 Ride Machete GT 157 Yes Trouble 156 I also looked at these boards, but cut them from my list: Jones Mountain Twin (directional) Never Summer Proto (the good ride described it as "semi-stable") So any tips for the above boards or additional suggestions or advice are appreciated. I'm probably getting this board later in the season when I can find a deal. |
Pretty much any board that has rocker in the center is gonna have that "less stable" feel.
The hot knife is probably your best bet if you want magnetraction. I would put the new K2 Happy Hour near the top of your list. The Salomon Assassin instead of the sabotage. |
I wouldn't trust any reviews from the good ride. That site is a pay for good reviews site. Best place for reviews is angrysnowboarder.com. He tells it like it is.
Was in a similar dilemma recently and ended up settling on a K2 ray gun. Flat with rocker at the tips seemed an easier transition coming from a long camber background.
K2 Happy Hour does sound good. I thought it was just flat camber, but the "lifted" rocker-flat-rocker sounds interesting. Why the Assassin over the Sabotage? Also, how does magnetraction compare to other boards on my list? I'm wondering how much I noticed it, vs. just noticing that I wasn't riding a 6 year old board that probably needs the edges tuned. |
Now for me to be actually helpful:
The Assassinis just stiffer than the Sabotage. That signed will help for all mountain riding. The Happy Hour is also a great option. Super stable, snappy, and floats really well. Along the same camber profile as the Happy Hour and Assassin would be the Flow Blackout. Really energetic on edge and also really quiet writer the ABT under foot. For a profile more like the Lib you ride I'd take a strong look at the Burton Custom Flying V. Honestly one of the best all mountain decks I've ridden in a long time. |
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text: Patent References 3462213 Three-dimensional display devices Three-dimensional display Three dimensional display apparatus Three dimensional display system Real time three dimensional display with angled rotating screen and method Rotating flat screen fully addressable volume display system Projected volume display system and method Planarized true three dimensional display Liquid crystal display with first and second aperatures where one aperature has protuberances InventorApplicationNo. 09218938 filed on 12/22/1998US Classes:345/419, Three-dimension345/424, Voxel345/427, Space transformation348/36, PANORAMIC348/37, With continuously rotating element353/7, STEREOSCOPIC353/5, MAPPING OR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH RECTIFYING353/14Instrument indicatorExaminersPrimary: Bella, Matthew C.Assistant: Sajous, Wesner International ClassesG03B 2100G06T 1700 G06T 1510 H04N 700 DescriptionBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A volumetric 3D display displays 3D images in a real 3D space. Each "voxel" in a volumetric image locates actually and physically at the spatial position where it is supposed to be, and light rays travel directly from that position toward omni-directions to form a real image in the eyes of viewers. As a result, a volumetric display possesses all major elements in both physiological and psychological depth cues and allows 360° walk-around viewing by multiple viewers without the need of special glasses. For convenience of communication in this specification, the term "volumetric 3D image" or "volumetric image" is used to describe a 3D image that actually occupies an actual space (that is, a physical and real space) and has each of its voxels (or volumetric elements forming the image) located physically at a spatial location relative to the physical locations of other voxels. The term "volumetric 3D display" or "volumetric display" is used to represent a display system that is capable of displaying volumetric 3D images. In contrast, a 3D image displayed in perspective views on a conventional CRT monitor, or in a stereoscopic display, do not actually occupy a real space. It is displayed in a virtual space. There have been two major types of volumetric display using scanning lasers as the image source. The first type projects the scanning laser spots directly on a moving display screen to form images [Garcia, Garcia and Williams, Batchko, Lasher et al., Belfatto]. The second type is based on the principle of two-stage excitation [Korevaar, Downing et al.], which uses the intersection of two laser beams to excite a photoluminescent media to create images. In another approach based on two-stage excitation of a photoluminescent media, two matrices of collimated beams are used to give many intersections in a volume [Thompson]. For displaying color images, the major disadvantage of direct projection of scanning lasers is the limited number of voxels. State of the art laser projection volume display reports 20,000-40,000 voxels per volume [Lasher et al.], which is good for displaying wire-frame images but not enough to render complex color images. In the case of two-stage excitation using solid materials [Downing et al.], the disadvantage is the need of three different materials for the three primary colors. In the case of two-stage excitation using gaseous materials, the main issue may be safety as typical gases used are toxic. Another approach uses electron beams and phosphor to create images. There are also two types of systems: one uses a moving screen coated with phosphor to receive electron beams emitted from stationary sources[Blundell], and one based on two-stage excitation of a phosphorescent gas[Rowe]. In the rotating screen approach, it would require precise registration of electron beams to phosphors of different colors on a screen which is constantly rotating. As to the two-stage excitation approach by electron beams, it would be difficult to display color images. Another approach of volumetric display uses a rotating LED (light emitting diode) panel[Berlin]. Optic fibers have also been used to replace LEDs [MacFarlane]. The main issue of this approach is the complexity of assembling the matrix of light sources. Still another category of volumetric display uses "whole frame display" instead of "point scanning" of lasers or electron beams. One approach uses a stack of electrically switchable liquid crystal display layers[Hattori, Sadovinik]. Another approach uses a piezo-based fast focusing lens to project image frames to a stack of PDLC screens [Paek]. Both approaches have limited resolution because the number of LCD panels or screens in the stack is physically limited. Still another approach projects images composed of collimated light beams directly to a moving screen [Thompson]. A different approach using an optical interfacing mechanism, which smoothly delivers whole frame images created on a stationary projection device onto a moving screen (rotating or reciprocating), allows creation of volumetric 3D images using conventional 2D projection optics, thus removing the requirement of collimated image beams [Tsao et al., Tsao]. To display color 3D volumetric images, approaches based on "whole frame display", especially the one using an optical interfacing mechanism, have the advantages of high voxel number and are capable of applying many techniques used for 2D displays. Based on this approach, this invention is therefore to provide new and improved methods and systems for displaying color volumetric 3D images. This invention is also to improve the interaction between the users and the volumetric display system. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to new and improved methods and apparatus for displaying volumetric 3D images with colors or gray scales. The basic concept includes four steps: 1. Process a set of raw 3D data into a viewable data: The viewable data contain a geometry description in the form of a collection of scattered points, curves and surfaces, and a corresponding color description. 2. Process the viewable data into a set of displayable data: One of four color combination methods is the used to process the viewable data into three data subsets, each of a collection of points and of a different color frequency, which can later be combined in a space to form volumetric images with colors. The four color combination methods are: (1) Exact combination: all primary colors in one voxel appears in the same location in the same volume sweep. (2) Spatial combination: primary colors for one voxel appear in slightly different locations but in the same volume sweep. (3) Temporal combination: primary colors for one voxel appear in the same location but in different volume sweeps. (4) Spatio-temporal combination: a combination of (1) and (2). 3. Generate and display a set of separate image patterns on a color display system: A set of separate image patterns, each pattern of a different color frequency, is generated on a color display system according to the content of the displayable data. 4. Recombine and display the set of separate image patterns on a volumetric display system: In the final step, the sets of separate image patterns are recombined and displayed on a volumetric display device to form color volumetric 3D images. This invention also improves the interaction between the user and the images in the volumetric display by using a concave mirror to project the images in a volumetric display the user's space, and by using a method of virtual manipulating device to extend user's motion into the volumetric display space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The invention can be described in details with the help of the following drawings: FIGS. 1a-f illustrates examples of the viewable data structure according to the invention; FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary Viewable Data of a solid object; FIG. 3 illustrates the method of exact color combination according to the invention; FIG. 4 illustrates the method of temporal color combination according to the invention; FIG. 5 illustrates the method of spatial color combination by color triads according to the invention; FIG. 6 illustrates the method of spatial color combination by color sub-surfaces according to the invention; FIG. 7 illustrates the first preferred embodiment of the color image projection system according to the invention; FIG. 8 illustrates the second preferred embodiment of the color image projection system according to the invention; FIG. 9a illustrates the third preferred embodiment of the color image projection system according to the invention; FIG. 9b illustrates the third preferred embodiment of the color image projection system with a rotating color wheel as alternative color switching mechanism; FIG. 10 illustrates the fourth preferred embodiment of the color image projection system according to the invention; FIG. 10a illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the screen for the apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 11 illustrates the sixth preferred embodiment of the color image projection system according to the invention; FIG. 12 illustrates the preferred method of driving the display panel according to the invention; FIG. 13 illustrates the first preferred volumetric display apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 14 illustrates a first exemplary embodiment of the optical interfacing mechanism for the apparatus of FIG. 13; FIG. 15 illustrates a second exemplary embodiment of the optical interfacing mechanism for the apparatus of FIG. 13; FIG. 16 illustrates a third exemplary embodiment of the optical interfacing mechanism for the apparatus of FIG. 13; FIG. 17 illustrates the second preferred volumetric display apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 18 illustrates the third preferred volumetric display apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the rotating screen setup for the volumetric display apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 20 illustrates the fourth preferred volumetric display apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 21 illustrates the fifth preferred volumetric display apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 22 illustrates the sixth preferred volumetric display apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 23 illustrates the seventh preferred volumetric display apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 24 illustrates the eighth preferred volumetric display apparatus according to the invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The basic concept of the current invention includes four steps: 1. Process a set of raw 3D data into a Viewable Data; 2. Process the Viewable Data into a Displayable Data; 3. Generate and display a set of separate image patterns on a color display system; 4. Recombine and display the set of separate image patterns on a volumetric display system. Based on our experimental observation, there are three basic geometric forms that viewers are able to clearly perceive their spatial distributions in a 3D real space: scattered points, curves (including lines), and surfaces (including planes). For example, an X-ray CT (computed tomography) 3D data can be in the form of a collection of densely spaced points, each data point represents an attenuation coefficient of a different value which may represent the density of the tissue and could be transformed into a measure of brightness or gray scale. If all points in the data set are displayed in a real 3D space, it will be difficult for viewers to perceive the density (or brightness) distribution, because the points close to the tissue surface will then block points in the interior, just like one can not see through a tank of muddy water, even if the mud density in the water varies from location to location. Therefore, in the first step, a raw 3D data has to be converted into a data form, hereby called Viewable Data, of a combination of the three basic geometric forms, which do not have the problem of blocking and confusing the scene. In general, a Viewable Data has a geometry description capable of defining its shape and a color description capable of defining colors of its various portion. The geometry description is in the form of a collection of scattered points, curves, and surfaces. Back to the example of X-ray CT data, the original data can therefore be represented by a set of boundary surfaces, each boundary surface separating regions of different properties such as densities. Because different tissues usually give different values of attenuation coefficient in medical imaging data, the boundaries of different tissues can therefore be found from the original data. In cases where attenuation coefficient changes without abrupt boundaries, contour boundaries, i.e. boundaries of regions having the same ranges of attenuation coefficient, can be defined. FIG. 1a illustrates the idea with an example, wherein a human head data is represented by three layers of boundary surfaces: the skull 110, the brain 120, and an internal malign tissue 130. In addition, scattered points can be added into the space surrounded by the boundary surfaces to indicate the interior properties, as illustrated in FIG. 1d, at 160 and 170. In viewing 3D medical data, and many other types of 3D data, sections (cross-sectional images) are very useful. A section is a plane of data and therefore is a Viewable Data. It is further noted that boundary surface or a section can be fully rendered or selectively rendered. When they are fully rendered, they are rendered by dense points, just as bitmap images except they locate in a real 3D space. When they are selectively rendered, they are rendered by scattered points or curves. For example, FIG. 1b illustrates the idea, wherein a section 140 of a human head is superimposed to a boundary surface representation of the head 100. The section is fully rendered so that the bitmap area 142, which is surrounded by curve 145, represents the brain tissue, and similarly the bitmap area 143, surrounded by curve 146, represents the malign tissue. Curve 144, 145, and 146 are the cross-sections of the boundary surfaces 110, 120, and 130 respectively. Alternatively, the section can also be rendered only by those curves, as shown in FIG. 1c 140. In case the 3D data are solid objects and there is no interest in the interior of the solids, as in the case of a machine assembly, then boundary surfaces are sufficient to represent the solids. FIG. 1(e) illustrates a cube, wherein the three sides of it are represented by three planes 101-103 (the other three sides not shown), each plane being fully rendered as a bit map. No additional data is needed in its interior. Alternatively, the cube can also be represented by a wire-frame (lines), as shown in FIG. 1(f), where a plane, e.g. 101, is represented by four lines, 104-107. In the second step, the Viewable Data is processed into separate data subsets which can later be combined in a space to form volumetric images with colors. Each data subset is composed of a collection of points and has a different color frequency. When these separate subsets are combined in a real space, they form an image with the geometry and the color as defined by the Viewable Data. This new set of data is suitable for the color display devices to display, while the Viewable Data itself is not. The new data set is hereby called Displayable Data. The formation of the Displayable Data, i.e. how points are distributed to different color frequencies at suitable locations, depends on the method of color combination used to create color images. For convenience of explanation, an exemplary Viewable Data of a solid object is illustrated in FIG. 2. A fully rendered boundary surface 210 represents the object in the display volume 200. A portion of its surface 220 is illustrated with locations of surface points, which also carry color information, for example at 221. Plane 201 represents the location of one projected frame at some instance during a volume sweep, and a small portion of the cross section at that plane 202 is enlarged to show some points of the Viewable Data 203, where four white squares, 222-225, represents four selected points on the boundary surface of the object 210. There are four basic methods of color combination. The first is "exact combination", which makes all primary colors in one voxel appear in the same location in the same volume sweep. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the Viewable Data 210 is processed into the Displayable Data, which includes three subsets of data 320R, 320G, and 320B, each is of a different primary color, for example, R(red), G(green) or B(blue). Each data point, e.g. 325R, 325G, and 325B, in the subsets locates at the same corresponding position as in the Viewable Data, e.g. 225. As a result, the three subsets can be recombined 310 to the same geometry and color as defined in the Viewable Data 210. There are occasions where "exact color combination" is economically not desirable. The second method of color combination is "temporal combination", which makes primary colors for one voxel appear in the same location but in different volume sweeps. Based on our experimental observation, a volume refresh rate of 10-15 Hz can generally give good volumetric 3D images. Therefore, if the volume refresh rate is increased to, say, 30-45 Hz, then three data subsets, each carrying a different primary color, can be displayed successively to present a combined color image. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the Viewable Data 210 is processed into the Displayable Data, which includes three subsets of data 420R, 420G, and 420B, each is of a different primary color and is shown in a different but successive volume. Each data point, e.g. 425R, 425G, and 425B, in the subsets locates at the same corresponding position as in the Viewable Data, e.g. 225. As a result, the three subsets can be recombined 410 to the same geometry and color as defined in the Viable Data 210. The third color combination method is "spatial combination", which makes each primary color for one voxel appear in a slightly different location but in the same volume sweep. As illustrated in FIG. 5, each data point, e.g. 225, in the Viewable Data 210 is processed into three slightly offset sub-points, e.g. 525R, 525G, and 525B, of different primary colors. The three closely spaced subpoints appear as one point with the color corresponding to the original data point. In combination, the geometry and color of the Viewable Data can be recreated 510. This is similar to the "color triads" technique used in many 2D displays, which uses three sub-pixels of different primary colors to form one pixel. However, in 2D displays the number of sub-pixels for one pixel is limited by their sizes. In volumetric 3D displays, there is additional space to put more sub-voxels to create more color level. It has been pointed out that the volumetric images of 3D objects are mostly composed of boundary surfaces. Therefore, by closely stacking a number of sub-surfaces, each of a different primary color but a similar shape, an integrated surface with a mixture of colors of all individual sub-surfaces can be created. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the surface 220 in the Viewable Data is processed into three sub-surfaces, 620R, 620G, and 620B, each of a different primary color. The three sub-surfaces are closely stacked. As illustrated in an enlarged view 603 of a portion of the integrated surface 620, for example, points with color blue 620B-1, 620B-2, and 620B-3 form part of subsurface 620B. The cases for surfaces 620R and 620G are similar. The mixture of colors of the three sub-surfaces recreates the color of the original data. For example, the combination of points 620R-1(red), 620G-1(green), and 620B-1(blue) appears to be white, as the color of the corresponding point 225 in the original data. It should be noted that the line of sight of a viewer, when viewing the surface 620, is mostly parallel to the xy plane and is therefore mostly perpendicular to the sub-surfaces, as indicated by arrow 601. As a result, the increase of "thickness" of a surface, which is in directions perpendicular to the surface, does not translate to loss of spatial resolution, which is measured in directions parallel to the surfaces. Therefore, each sub-surface can have a "thickness" of several points without affecting the spatial resolution. More points result in more levels of color. This method of "color sub-surfaces" can thus produce more colors for volumetric 3D images than the "color triads" method. The forth color combination method is "spatio-temporal combination", which is simply a method applying both spatial and temporal color mixing. In the third step of the current invention, a set of separate image patterns, each of a different primary color, are generated and displayed on a color display system, preferably a projection system, according to the Displayable Data. An ideal image source for the color projection system is a display panel with each of its pixels capable of displaying different colors. Using such a "color-pixel panel" can easily generate volumetric images with colors of "exact combination". In principle, any light emitting, reflecting or transmitting devices that can be tuned, preferably by electricity, to change or select the frequency of light being emitted, reflected or transmitted can be micro-fabricated and integrated to make a "color-pixel panel". One typical example is high speed switchable color filters made of FLC (ferroelectric liquid crystal), which can filter selected frequency spectrum of light through changing combinations of applied voltages[Displaytech]. A "color-pixel panel" can therefore be made with each pixel acting as a switchable color filter independently. FIG. 7 illustrates the first preferred embodiments of the color image projection system. A "color-pixel panel" 710, composed of a matrix of independently controlled FLC switchable color filters 711, is used as the image source. A condenser lens 720 collects the white light from a lamp 730 and illuminates the color display panel. A projection lens 740 projects the image displayed on the color display panel. To create even more color level, more than one "color-pixel panels" can be used. Projected images can be superimposed to create more color levels. More commonly, the display panels are monochrome, which require a color illumination to produce color images. FIG. 8 illustrates the second preferred embodiment of the color image projection system, which uses three monochrome display panels, 810R, 810G, and 810B, as the image source. Light beams of three primary colors, 831R-B, illuminate the three panels respectively, through the condenser lens 720. As the display panel depicted here is a reflective panel, a TIR (total internal reflection) prism 850 is used to send the images on the panel to the projection lens 740. If liquid crystal panels are used, polarizers are usually needed, which are not shown in FIG. 8. If the display panel is transmissive, then the optic setup will take the form similar to FIG. 7. The color illumination 831R-B can be generated by using one white light source with a set of dichroic color filters, which is a common practice in optical engineering. To recombine the images on the three panels, a similar dichroic filter system can be used, which include a red reflector 860B, a blue reflector 860G, and a mirror 860M. The OPL (optical path length) from each display panel to the output blue reflector 860B should be kept equal so that the three separate image patterns can be recombined properly. The third preferred embodiment of the color projection system uses one monochrome display panel with a switchable color illumination system. As shown in FIG. 9a, the monochrome display panel 810 is in the projection optics similar to that in FIG. 8, except that a switchable color filter 910 is used to switch the color of the light beam 831. The switching of the color filter is synchronized to the display panel such that each primary color illuminates the panel when the image pattern corresponding to the same primary color is displayed. Each color switching is also synchronized to every volume refreshing. Color volumetric images can thus be displayed by "temporal combination" method. An alternative color switching mechanism is a rotating color wheel 920, as shown in FIG. 9b. The fourth preferred embodiment of the color projection system uses a display panel with color triads as the image source. As shown in FIG. 10, the display panel 1010 has a mosaic of pixels of three primary colors as illustrated in an enlarged view of the panel 1011. There can be of course various forms of color triads arrangement. The projection optics in this case is again similar to that in FIG. 8. In order to obtain more color levels, three color-triad panels can be used and their image patterns can be superimposed. The fifth preferred embodiment, an alternative color triads approach, is to use a monochrome display panel and a projection screen with color triads coatings. As shown in FIG. 10a, a projection screen 1050 of a volumetric display device is composed of two color filter films or coatings of a color triad format (in stripes as depicted) 1051 sandwiching a translucent and diffusive center material 1052. The image pattern 1060 projected from the monochrome display panel onto the screen are white light points. Points projected onto a red stripe 1060R appear as red points; and points onto blue or green stripes appear as blue or green points, 1060B and 1060G. Alternatively, the color triads on the screen can also be made of a diffusive material with three different colors, coated or printed on a transparent base layer. The sixth preferred embodiment of the color projection system uses three display panels with color triads together with a switchable color illumination system as the image source. As shown in FIG. 11a, the system is an assembly of three subsystems 1100A-C, each is essentially the embodiment of FIG. 10, except that a switchable color filter 910A-C is used to control the color of illumination to the display panels. The projected images of the three subsystems coincide at a distance 1190 to create a superimposed frame image. For volume displays based on whole frame projection, the frame rate of the image panel determines the image resolution in the direction of volume sweeping. The embodiment of FIG. 11a can create color images with a resolution (in the direction of volume sweeping) higher than this limit. The operation concept is explained below. Any one frame of image pattern displayed on the color-triad display panel 1010 contains three subframes: the red pattern, the green pattern, and the blue pattern. Using the switchable color illumination system, these three subframes can be separately and independently projected. For example, a typical switchable FLC color filter has a switch transition time of ~100 micro second (10 K Hz). A typical FLC display panel has a frame rate of 3 K Hz (~3000 frame per second) [Displaytech]. Therefore, a switchable color filter can run one R-G-B cycle within the duration of one frame of the FLC display panel. By using three such subsystems 1100A-C and superimposing each subframe projected from the three subsystems in a manner such that at any moment the superimposed image frame contains three subframes, each from a different display panel and of a different primary color, color volumetric images with a resolution (i.e. total subframe number per volume) three times of that limited by the frame rate of the display panel can be created. A typical projection sequence is as follows: panel 1 filter 1 panel 2 filter 2 panel 3 filter 3 color Device 1100A 910A 1100B 910B 1100C 910C subframes Content/control frame 1-1 R frame 2-1 G frame 3-1 B f1 frame 1-1 G frame 2-1 B frame 3-1 R f2 frame 1-1 B frame 2-1 R frame 3-1 G f3 frame 1-2 R frame 2-2 G frame 3-2 B f4 frame 1-2 G frame 2-2 B frame 3-2 R f5 frame 1-2 B frame 2-2 R frame 3-2 G f6 . . . . . . The content of each frame displayed on each display panel should therefore be designed (or programmed) according to the above projection sequence so that the superimposing of the R, G and B subframes from panel 1-3 can create desired color subframes f1, f2 . . . . An alternative method to switch color illumination is to use a color wheel. As shown in FIG. 11b, the light beam is converged by a lens 1120 so that it passes the color wheel 1110 at its smallest diameter 1130. The color wheel contains a number of small color filter stripes in an orderly fashion as shown in FIG. 11c. The focused light beams 1130A-C from the three light sources are positioned such that each beam is filtered by a stripe of different color at any instance. In general, this "subframe method" is used to create color images with higher frame numbers per volume. However, this method is not limited to creating color image. If necessary, more than three subdivisions of a frame can be done by using more than three color filters system to generate even higher resolution in the direction of screen motion. This method is also not limited to display panels of color triads. Any display panel capable of multiple color patterns can be applied, which includes the color-pixel display described in the first embodiment of the color projecting system, as well as film-based displays. Again, an alternative system to the one of FIG. 11a is to replace the three display panels of color triads 1010 with monochrome display panels and place the color triads on the projection screen. The preferred method of driving the display panels is a "vector driving" method. It has been pointed out in the prior arts [Tsao et al., Tsao] that the image projection device needs to have a high frame rate in order to create satisfactory volumetric 3D images. This means the image data must be uploaded to the display panel at a high speed too. For color display, this speed requirement can be higher since there is now additional data of colors. The mostly adopted driving method for current 2D displays is "rastering", which updates every pixels of the display panel no matter what the content is. In the current invention, one can see that the image data frames to be uploaded to the display panel are mostly in the form of scattered points and curves, as illustrated in FIG. 121205, because the 3D Displayable Data are basically in the form of boundary surfaces, curves, and scattered points. That is, a significant portion of the display panel is blank, and only those data points on the boundary curves are effective data. Therefore, if the format of image data storage (frame buffer) and the method of addressing pixels were changed into the "vector" form, instead of the "raster" form, then the requirements on memory buffer size and image data transfer speed for the image driver can be greatly reduced. FIG. 12 illustrates this concept. Under the vector driving method, the frame buffer 1210 no longer stores a full matrix of data entries equal to the pixel numbers of the display. Instead a smaller data array containing addresses and data values (e.g. gray scale number) of only effective pixels (non-blank pixels) is stored 1211. When displaying a frame, the CPU 1220 of the image driver circuit assigns each data value in the array to its corresponding address, i.e. to the corresponding pixel. This is similar to the method of addressing a random access memory (RAM). Many current 2D display devices are actually based on DRAM or SRAM VLSI structure, and therefore can be driven by this vector method. In the fourth step of the current invention, the sets of separate image patterns are recombined and projected onto a volumetric display device to display the final volumetric 3D color images. The volumetric display systems disclosed in [Tsao et al] and [Tsao] can be used for the current invention, which use an optical interfacing mechanism to deliver whole frame images displayed on a stationary projection device onto a moving screen (either rotating or reciprocating). One of the rotating screen system, as illustrated in FIG. 13, features three major portions: a rotating screen unit 1330 (including a screen 1331, a central reflector 1332, and a side reflector 1333); a high frame rate image projection system 1310; and a optical interfacing mechanism 1320, which relays the optical image projected from the image projector onto the screen for displaying, while keeping the size, orientation and focus of the projected image invariant as the screen rotates. The preferred optical interfacing mechanism is an optical image rotator rotating at half the speed of the screen. Besides the preferred interfacing mechanisms disclosed in [Tsao et al] and [Tsao and Chen], there are several other image rotators that can be used, including image rotating prisms such as Dove prism (or K-mirror) and Pechan prism. However, these prisms have a long internal optical path length, which is not advantageous for projection optics. One preferred optical interfacing mechanism is based on a 90° reflector, which is capable of flipping an image and therefore can be used as an image rotator. As illustrated in FIG. 14, reflector 1410 takes a light beam coming along the rotating axis and sends it to the 90° reflector 1420, which flips the image; reflector 1430 and 1440 return the beam back to the rotating axis 1301. As shown in FIG. 14, the 90 degree reflector comprises two flat reflectors arranged at an angle of 90 degree with each other. As the whole reflector assembly rotates, the output image will rotates at twice the speed of the reflector assembly. In the preferred system, a configuration consisting of two sets of the 4-reflector setup arranged in symmetry is used. This arrangement reduces reflector sizes and shortens off-axis optical path length. Front surface mirrors, instead of prisms, are used to reduce weight. Another preferred optical interfacing mechanism consists of 5 mirrors in a different setup, as shown in FIG. 15. The 5-mirror system inverts the image such that as the whole mechanism rotates, the projected image frame rotates at twice the speed. This system can also be made into a 10-reflector assembly consisting of two 5-mirror system arranged in symmetry, to reduce reflector size and shorten off-axis optical path length. Still another preferred optical interfacing mechanism consists of two pairs of cylindrical projection lens, with their power meridians set in orthogonal directions, as shown in FIG. 16. The powers of the lens are selected such that the projected image is inverted in x direction, by lens 1610 and 1620, and is erect in y direction, by lens 1630 and 1640, but the image locations and the magnifications are the same. This is possible because cylindrical lens work only in the directions of the power meridians. The optics thus invert the image such that as the whole mechanism rotates, the projected image frame rotates at twice the speed. In this mechanism, image rotation and image projection are combined. FIG. 17 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the volumetric display system. This system places the display panel 1710 and the projection optics all on the rotating unit 1730 where the screen 1731 and side reflector 1733 sit. Because the projection system rotates with the screen, there is no need of the optical interfacing system. The light source 1750 does not need to rotate. The light beam 1751 can travel along the rotation axis to reach the display panel. A slip ring system 1760, or the like, is needed in order for sending data into the rotating unit. Depending on the method of color combination used, switchable light shutters or color filters may be placed on the rotating unit or out side of it with the stationary light source. This system works best when the display panel and the projection optics are of small dimension and lightweight. [Tsao et al.] disclosed a volumetric display system using a single reflector as the interfacing mechanism. That system can be modified by using a pair of orthogonal reflectors as the interfacing mechanism. As shown in FIG. 18, the two reflectors 1820 are mounted at an angle of 900, and revolves around a common axis 1801 passing through the roof edge 1825 where the two reflectors contact. The reflection surface is on the convex sides 1820A & B. The translucent screen 1831 and two side reflectors 1833A & B, in opposite positions, also revolve around the common axis, at a speed twice that of the orthogonal reflectors. Two image projection systems 1810A & B at opposite sides of the orthogonal reflectors are used. From one screen revolution to the next, the two projection systems take turns projecting image frame to the screen through the orthogonal reflectors. Within each screen revolution, which has two volume sweeps, one reflector and one side reflector (e.g. 1820A and 1833A) relay the projected image frame onto one side of the screen during the first volume, the other reflector and the other side reflector (e.g. 1820B and 1833B) relay the projected frames to the other side of the screen during the second volume sweep. Two light shutters 1811A & B are used to regulate the projection beam from the image projection systems to make sure the projection beam reaches the correct reflector. The light shutter has two independent shutter areas, as disclosed in [Tsao]. FIG. 19 is a preferred embodiment of the rotating screen unit using more than one side reflectors, e.g.1933 and 1934, to accommodate the increase of screen size (i.e. the display volume) without increasing the diameter of the rotating unit 1930. [Tsao] also disclosed several volumetric display systems based on a reciprocating screen. FIG. 20 illustrates an improved reciprocating screen system which uses a smooth rotational mechanism to create the reciprocating screen motion. The core mechanism has two pairs of rotary arms 2035A-D rotating in unison. The rotary arms can be mounted on an integrated machine base (not shown) and powered by a motor with a timing belt system (not shown). A translucent screen 2031 is attached at its both ends to two rods 2036, which are mounted to the two pairs of rotary arms with rotary bearings. As the arms rotates, the screen moves accordingly and a display volume 2040 can be created by the screen sweeping. Because the four rotary arms rotate in unison, there is basically no stress imposed upon the screen and rod assembly daring the rotation. The screen and the rods can therefore be made of lightweight materials. Each rotary arm can be balanced with a proper weight distribution. As a result, the rotation can be smooth and well balanced. The image projection system 2010 projects image frames through an optical interfacing mechanism 2020 onto the screens. The optical interfacing mechanism is one of the mechanisms disclosed in [Tsao], which can be synchronized to the screen motion, through an actuator-sensor system. In this improved reciprocating screen system, the nature of motion of the screen is in fact rotational. In the general sense, the screen rotates about an axis and always keeps its surface facing a fixed direction. In terms of FIG. 20, the screen 2031 rotates about an axis, which is parallel to the x-axis of the coordinate system, and keeps its surface always facing the z-direction. The major advantage of this motion mode is creating reciprocating screen sweep by rotating mechanism. Mechanically, this rotating mechanism is simple and reliable when compared to other reciprocating mechanisms such as using slider and crankshaft. Due to the nature of the motion, the length of the screen must be larger than the length of the display space 2040, in order to capture the projection beam at all time, as illustrated in FIG. 20. Still another preferred embodiment of volume display system combines the two-stage excitation approach with the optical interfacing mechanism. The basic concept is to replace the physical screen with a planar light beam (the first stage excitation) in a photoluminescent material and project a whole frame of image to the planar light beam (the second stage excitation). FIG. 21 illustrates a rotating approach. A planar beam 2131 is created by a laser 2135 of a first frequency and a planar beam converter 2136, which can either be a set of cylindrical lens or diffractive optics. By rotating the planar beam converter, the planar beam sweeps the photoluminescent material enclosed in a dome shaped container 2138. The image projection system 2110 projects image frames of a second frequency to intersect the planar beam, a whole frame at a time. The planar beam converter and the center reflector 2132 rotate in synchronization and the optical interfacing mechanism 2120 rotates at half their speed. To further reduce the number of rotating parts, the rotating side reflector in FIG. 13 can be replaced by a band of reflective coating 2133 around the interior of the dome. Since this reflective band is spherical, not flat, a correction lens or mirror must be added to the projection light path (not shown). FIG. 22 illustrates a reciprocating approach. A planar beam 2231 is again created by a laser and a planar beam converter. There can be many ways to create parallel scan planes 2239 in the container of photoluminescent material. One example is using a parabolic reflector 2241 and a scanning mirror 2242 at its focal line 2243, as shown in figure. The image projection system 2210 projects image frame of light of a second frequency. The optical interfacing mechanism 2220 is the one disclosed in [Tsao], which can be synchronized to the motion of the scanning mirror through an actuator-sensor system. The volumetric 3D display systems can further be modified to provide a better human systems interface. One desirable feature is to allow the user to "reach into" the 3D data image to perform desired data handling or manipulation. FIG. 23 illustrates one preferred embodiment of such a "barrier free" display system, which combines a volumetric display 2310 with a concave mirror 2320. The display volume of the volumetric display system is placed at a location near the optical axis of a concave reflector 2321. By principle of optics, the volumetric images displayed in the display volume can be projected as real images floating in mid air 2350 near the optical axis of the concave reflector, as shown in the figure. The image is 3D and appears popping outside of the reflector. This system is hereby called "volumetric image projector". A 3D input device 2360, such as a position tracking system, a 3D coordinate measurement arm, or a haptic interface, can be integrated with the system to allow the user 2370 interact directly with the 3D images. Another embodiment of the "barrier free" volumetric display system uses a "virtual manipulator" to allow the user interact with the images directly. Instead of reaching the arm or fingers into the display space directly, the user uses a manipulating device 2470 outside the display volume 2411, as shown in FIG. 24. The manipulating device, however, has a "virtual end" 2471 that is defined only in the form of image data, not in physical form. A position tracking system 2460 tracks the 3D position and orientation of the manipulating device and therefore the position and orientation of the "virtual end" is always known to the computer 2480 that controls the system. When the computer detects any part of the "virtual end" moving into the display volume 2411, a volumetric 3D image 2471A of that part of the virtual end will be displayed in the display volume at the corresponding location and orientation. As a result, the user can use the manipulating device as if he or she has a tool that can reach directly into the 3D images. It should be noted that this "virtual manipulator" concept is different from the existing 3D input systems such as a 3D mouse. The operation of a 3D mouse relies on relative hand-eyes coordination, because the position mapping between the 3D mouse and the image is relative. The "virtual manipulator" operation uses absolute mapping of position and orientation between the manipulating device 2470 and its virtual end and therefore allows direct hand-eyes coordination. In the general sense, the virtual manipulator is a user interface that bridges the world inside the display volume and the outside world. Since in general one can not reach a physical object into the display volume of a volumetric 3D display, the virtual manipulator has its two portions serving the two different worlds. The virtual end can move about and perform manipulation in the display volume while the physical end can be held by hands and move about outside. And most important, the connection (i.e. spatial relation) between the virtual end and the physical end is a fixed, absolute spatial connection. As a result, a user can hold the physical end and then move the virtual end in the display volume as if the virtual end is a physical extension attached to the actual physical end. Because of this and because volumetric 3D images actually occupy space in the display volume, user can point to and manipulate volumetric 3D images as if these images are physical objects. In contrast, because 3D images displayed in perspective view on conventional 2D display do not actually occupy space, the concept of virtual manipulator does not apply well. Haptic interface such as force-feedback systems can be integrated with this system to create "virtual tools". For example, as illustrated in FIG. 24, the manipulating device is a virtual tweezers with two force-feedback actuation points 2472 and 2473. The user can use two fingers to hold the two action points and applies force. The "virtual end" 2471 can be defined as two tips of the tweezers, which move as the user manipulates the two actuation points. With a suitable computer programming and control, the user can then use the virtual tweezers to "pick up" a tissue surface 2490, with both the tweezers tips and the tissue in the form of volumetric 3D images in the display volume. The "virtual manipulator" concept can, of course, also be used in the "volumetric image projector". This current invention also includes creating volumetric color images using film-based displays. The display panels in many preferred embodiments of image projection systems can be replaced by a film projector. The "color sub-surface method" and "subframe method" can also be extended to film-based image sources. The film based systems should include films for creating light patterns of both visible and non-visible light. In addition to the preferred embodiments discussed above, many other volumetric display systems, such as those discussed in the section BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION, can also be used with this current invention. It should also be noted that many methods of the current invention are not limited to volumetric displays based on projection systems. For examples, the method of "color sub-surfaces" and the "sub-frame method" can both be applied to volumetric displays based on rotating LEDs or based on multiple layers of LCDs. It should be further noted that the term "color" used in the current invention generally includes both color and gray scale representation. It should also be noted that the term "color triads" generally includes various layout arrangements of pixels of different color frequencies, including color stripes or matrix or other arrangements. The techniques used to create those color triads include those using color filters, in the form of triads or stripes or other forms, and those requiring no color filters, such as spatio-chromatic colored illumination techniques using diffractive optics or holographic elements. In addition, the term "display panel" generally includes various types of image sources capable of producing a 2D image pattern, including SLMs (spatial light modulators), matrix of lasers, LEDs, CRTs, and others. It should also be noted that although "three primary colors" and "three panels" are used to describe the general concept of color combination, any two colors of significantly different frequencies is enough to perform color combination to create variations of colors, if not full-color. REFERNCES Batchko, R. G. "Rotating Flat Screen Fully Addressable Volumne Display System", U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,310, 1992 Belfatto, R. V. et al. "Commercialization of a Fully Illuminated Volumetric Display", presented at the Conference of the International Society for Optical Engineering, Jan. 24-30, 1998, San Jose, Calif. Berlin, E. P. "Three Dimensional Display", U.S. Pat. No. 4,160,973 Blundell, B. G. "Three dimensional display system", U.S. Pat. No. 5,703,606 Displaytech, Product catalog of Displaytech Inc. of Longmont, Colo. Downing, E. et al. "A ThreeColor, Solid-State, Three-dimensional Display", Science vol. 273, 30 August 1996, pp. 1185 Garcia, F. Jr., "Three Dimensional Color Display and System", U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,231 Garcia, F. Jr. and Williams, R. D., "Real Time Three Dimensional Display with Angled Rotating Screen and Method", U.S. Pat. No. 5,042,909 Hattori, T. et al. 1992 "Spatial Modulation Display using Spatial Light Modulators", Optical Engineering, vol. 31, No. 2 p. 350 Korevaar, E. J. "Three Dimensional Display Apparatus", U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,068, 1989 Lasher, M. et al., "Laser Projected 3D Volumetric Display", in Projection Display II, Ming H. Wu, Editor, Proc. SPIE 2650, pp. 285 (1996) MacFarlane, D. "Volumetric Three-dimensional Display", Applied Optics, November 1994, v. 33, n. 31, p. 7453 Paek, E. G. et al. "A 3D Projection Display using PDLCs", presented at the Conference of the International Society for Optical Engineering, Jan. 29-Feb. 2, 1996, San Jose, Calif. Rowe, W. G. "Three Dimensional Display Device", U.S. Pat. No. 4,063,233, 1977 Sadovnik, Lev. S. and Rizkin, A. "3-D volume visualization display", U.S. Pat. No. 5,764,317 Thompson, E. E. and DeMond, T. W. "Apparatus and Method for Image Projection", U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,597 Tsao, C. C., Zhou, Z. and Hu, A. K. J. "Method and Apparatus for Displaying Three-dimensional Volumetric Images", U.S. Pat. No. 5,754,147, 1998 Tsao, C. C. "Moving Screen Projection Technique for Volumetric Three-dimensional Display", U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,414, 1999 * * * * * Field of SearchDiverse display devicesIMAGE SUPERPOSITION BY OPTICAL MEANS (E.G., HEADS-UP DISPLAY) Color COMPUTER GRAPHICS PROCESSING Three-dimension Solid modelling Hidden line/surface determining Tessellation Voxel Z buffer (depth buffer) Lighting/shading Space transformation Non-planar surface Color or intensity Color Spatial Spatial Color bit data modification or conversion PANORAMIC With continuously rotating element STEREOSCOPIC RELIEF ILLUSION RELIEF ILLUSION Reflected line of sight LIQUID CRYSTAL SYSTEM Projector including liquid crystal cell (s) Video/motion picture projector For protection Interconnection of plural cells in series Cholesteric reflector ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT, OR SURGERY RELATING TO HUMAN BEING |


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