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US 20070005024 A1 Abstract According to an aspect of the invention, medical devices are provided, which have the following (a) one or more superhydrophobic surface regions, (b) one or more superhydrophilic surface regions having a durometer of at least 40 A, or (c) a combination of one or more superhydrophobic surface regions and one or more superhydrophilic surface regions having a durometer of at least 40 A. Such surfaces are created, for example, to provide reduced resistance to the movement of adjacent materials, including adjacent fluids and solids. Examples of medical device surface regions benefiting from the present invention include, for example, outside and/or inside (luminal) surfaces of the following: vascular catheters, urinary catheters, hydrolyser catheters, guide wires, pullback sheaths, left ventricular assist devices, endoscopes, airway tubes and injection needles, among many other devices.
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Description The present invention relates to medical devices, and more particularly to medical devices having reduced resistance to movement of fluids and solids. Medical devices such as catheters, which are adapted for movement through blood vessels or other body lumens, are typically provided with low-friction outer surfaces. If the surfaces of the medical devices are not low-friction surfaces, insertion of the devices into and removal of the devices from the body lumens becomes more difficult, and injury or inflammation of bodily tissue may occur. Low friction surfaces are also beneficial for reducing discomfort and injury that may arise as a result of movement between certain long term devices (e.g., long term catheters) and the surrounding tissue, for example, as a result of patient activity. One specific example of a catheter that is in common use in medicine today is a balloon catheter for use in balloon angioplasty procedures (e.g., percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or �PCTA�). During these procedures, catheters are inserted for long distances into extremely small vessels and are used to open stenoses of blood vessels by balloon inflation. Low friction surfaces are desired to reduce the likelihood of tissue injury and device obstruction in such applications. In addition, these applications require catheters that have extremely small diameters, because catheter diameter limits the treatable vessel size. Smaller catheter diameters, however, lead to smaller fluid conduits, for example, the fluid conduits which are used to transport inflation fluid to and from the balloons. Unfortunately, as one makes such conduits smaller, the flow resistance that is encountered increases dramatically. For example, for laminar flow in a hollow cylinder, the flow resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the diameter. Furthermore, cells, cell fragments, proteins, DNA or other high molecular weight biomolecules that are transported through small conduits may experience damage due to the high shear forces that are encountered with small fluid conduits. Still another problem arising from flow in small conduits is that, due to the parabolic shaped flow-distribution that is encountered (see the upper no-slip surface in According to an aspect of the invention, medical devices are provided, which have the following: (a) one or more superhydrophobic surface regions, (b) one or more superhydrophilic surface regions having a durometer of at least 40 A, or (c) a combination of one or more superhydrophobic surface regions and one or more superhydrophilic surface regions having a durometer of at least 40 A. Such surfaces are created, for example, to provide reduced resistance to the movement of adjacent materials, including adjacent fluids and solids. Examples of medical device surface regions benefiting from the present invention include, for example, outside and/or luminal surfaces of the following devices: vascular catheters, urinary catheters, hydrolyser catheters, guide wires, pullback sheaths, left ventricular assist devices, endoscopes, airway tubes and injection needles, among many other devices. An advantage of the present invention is that medical devices may be provided which display reduced friction when they are moved along the surface of another body, for example, the walls of a blood vessel or another bodily lumen or a surface of a medical article. Another advantage of the present invention is that medical devices may be provided which encounter less resistance to fluid flow along their surfaces. These and other aspects, embodiments and advantages of the present invention will become immediately apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the Detailed Description and Claims to follow. The present invention provides medical devices which have reduced resistance to movement of adjacent materials, including both fluids and solids. In this regard, resistance to movement between a medical device and an adjacent solid may be reduced in either wet or dry conditions by providing the medical device (as well as the adjacent solid, if feasible) with a low energy surface. Such surfaces are typically hydrophobic surfaces, which may be defined as a surface having a static water contact angle that is greater than 90�. According to an aspect of the present invention, medical devices are provided which have one or more superhydrophobic surface regions (also sometimes referred to as superhydrophobic surfaces, ultrahydrophobic surface regions, or ultrahydrophobic surfaces). For purposes of the present invention, a superhydrophobic surface is one that displays dynamic (receding or advancing) water contact angles above 145� (e.g., ranging from 145� to 150� to 155� to 160� to 165� to 170� to 175� to 180�). In particularly beneficial embodiments, both the receding and the advancing water contact angles are above 145�. The Wilhelmy plate technique is a suitable technique for measuring the dynamic contact angles for various surfaces, including the superhydrophobic surfaces that are formed in conjunction with the present invention. This technique is performed with a solid sample, typically a rectangular plate or some other regular shape such as a cube, round rod, square rod, tube, etc. To the extent that the medical device of interest is not of sufficiently regular geometry to allow its surface to be tested directly using this technique, a sample of regular geometry, which is provided with a surface using the same process that is used to provide the medical device surface, may be tested so as to infer the dynamic contact angles of the device. The Wilhelmy plate technique is performed using a tensiometer. The solid sample is immersed into and withdrawn out of a liquid (i.e., water) while simultaneously measuring the force acting on the solid sample. Advancing and receding contact angles can then be determined from the obtained force curve using well known calculations. The advancing contact angle is the contact angle that is measured as the sample is immersed in the liquid, whereas the receding contact angle is the contact angle that is measured as the sample is removed from the liquid. A typical way of enhancing hydrophobicity is to employ materials with low surface energy, such as fluorocarbon polymers. However, even fluorocarbon materials yield water contact angles that are only around 120� or so. Nevertheless, surfaces with substantially greater water contact angles do exist in nature, and they have been created in the laboratory. In general, in addition to being formed from low surface energy (inherently hydrophobic) materials, these surfaces have been shown to have microscale and/or nanoscale surface texturing. A superhydrophobic biological material commonly referred to in the literature is the lotus leaf, which has been observed to be textured with 3-10 micron hills and valleys, upon which are found nanometer sized regions of hydrophobic material. Consequently, medical device surfaces in accordance with certain aspects of the present invention have the following surface characteristics: (a) a peak roughness average, or Rpm, between 100 nm and 5 micrometers, (b) a mean spacing between peaks, or Sm, that is >10 times the Rpm value, and (c) a surface material having a low surface energy (i.e., the material is inherently hydrophobic, meaning that the material displays a contact angle that ranges from 90� to 100� to 110� to 115� to 120�, independent of surface roughness). These surface characteristics may exist independent of or in addition to a dynamic water contact angle above 145�. Sm is defined as the mean spacing between peaks, with a peak defined relative to the mean line of the surface. For any given peak width, a peak must cross above the mean line and then back below it (see, e.g., peak width S1 in Peak roughness, or Rp, is the height of the highest peak in the roughness profile that is detected over the evaluation length. See, e.g., Rp in Fluid flow adjacent to superhydrophobic surfaces has been observed to display interesting characteristics, including wall slip. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the concept of wall slip vs. no wall slip may be understood with reference to The no-slip condition is typically accepted as the proper boundary condition at a solid-liquid interface. While fluids are generally believed to have some degree of slip at the wall, the slip lengths are generally only on the order of molecular sizes such that they are significant only in channels of extremely small length scale. With superhydrophobic surfaces, on the other hand, slip lengths on the order of tens and even hundreds of microns have been reported for aqueous solutions. See, e.g., Jia Ou et al, �Laminar drag reduction in microchannels using ultrahydrophobic surfaces, Physics Of Fluids, Vol. 16, No. 12, December 2004; Chang-Jin �C J� Kim and Chang-Hwan Choi, �Nano-engineered Low-friction Surface for Liquid Flow,� Program of the 6th KSME-JSME Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference, Mar. 20-23, 2005, Jeju, Korea; E. Lauga and H. Stone, �Effective slip in pressure-driven Stokes flow,� J. Fluid Mech. (2003), vol. 489, pp. 55-77. Slip lengths for surfaces, including the superhydrophobic surfaces that are formed in conjunction with the present invention, may be measured using micron-resolution particle image velocimetry as described in D C Threteway and C D Meinhart, �Apparent fluid slip at hydrophobic microchannel walls� Physics Of Fluids, Volume 14, Number 3, March 2002, pp. L9-L12. A more conventional method is to measure flow rate through a fluid channel and directly calculate the slip length from the increase of flow rate that is observed, as compared to that expected under conditions of laminar flow with zero slip-length at the wall. For example, see the above Lauga and Stone reference, in which an experimental flow cell is described that measures the pressure drop resulting from the laminar flow of water through a rectangular microchannel. The lower wall of the microchannel is designed to be interchangeable, making it possible to perform drag reduction measurements on various surfaces. Techniques of this type may also be desirable for the measurement of wall slip in other regular geometries, for example, small tubes and small annular channels, such as those found within catheters (note that no optical access to the space is required using such techniques). To the extent that a medical device in accordance with the present invention is not sufficiently regular to conduct wall slip measurements on the device itself, a sample of regular geometry, which is provided with a surface using the same process that is used to provide the medical device surface, may be tested so as to infer the slip length associated with the device surface. In this regard, see also the above Ou et al. reference, in which the effective slip length of a surface is measured via torque measurement using a commercial cone-and-plate rheometer system. Slip lengths in accordance with the invention may vary widely with exemplary ranges being 10 to 25 to 50 to 100 microns or more. One consequence of slip at the wall is that resistance to fluid flow is reduced. As the width of the fluid conduit of interest (e.g., the diameter for a tubular conduit, the distance between the inner and outer cylindrical elements of an annular conduit, etc.) approaches the slip length, the effects of wall slip can become substantial. For example, the annular inflation lumens for some balloon catheters have a wall-to-wall spacing of approximately 0.180 mm, possibly going to 0.160 mm or even lower in the near future. These distances are on the same order as the superhydrophobic slip lengths described above. In addition to increasing flow for a given pressure drop, wall slip also has the effect of reducing shear between the wall and the boundary fluid layer, which may result in less damage to high-molecular-weight and particulate biologicals (e.g., proteins, DNA, cells, cell fragments, etc.) and may reduce the tendency of an initial small and defined liquid volume to spread out as it travels down the length of the conduit. Another way of reducing resistance to movement between a medical device and an adjacent solid under wet conditions is to provide the medical device with a high energy surface. Such surfaces may be characterized, for example, as hydrophilic, which may be defined as a surface having a water contact angle that is less than or equal to 90�. According to another aspect of the present invention, medical devices are provided which have one or more superhydrophilic surfaces. A surface with a static water contact angle of 20� or less (e.g., ranging from 20� to 10� to 5� to 2� to 1� to 0.50 to 0�) is considered to be a superhydrophilic surface for purposes of the present invention. Moreover, unlike hydrogel surfaces, superhydrophilic surfaces for use in the medical devices of the invention are hard, even when immersed in water, for example, having a Durometer/Shore Hardness of at least 40 A. Medical devices benefiting from superhydrophobic surfaces, superhydrophilic surfaces, or both, include a variety of implantable and insertable medical devices (referred to herein as �internal medical devices�). Examples of such medical devices include, devices involving the delivery or removal of fluids (e.g., drug containing fluids, pressurized fluids such as inflation fluids, bodily fluids, contrast media, hot or cold media, etc.) as well as devices for insertion into and/or through a wide range of body lumens, including lumens of the cardiovascular system such as the heart, arteries (e.g., coronary, femoral, aorta, iliac, carotid and vertebro-basilar arteries) and veins, lumens of the genitourinary system such as the urethra (including prostatic urethra), bladder, ureters, vagina, uterus, spermatic and fallopian tubes, the nasolacrimal duct, the eustachian tube, lumens of the respiratory tract such as the trachea, bronchi, nasal passages and sinuses, lumens of the gastrointestinal tract such as the esophagus, gut, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, biliary and pancreatic duct systems, lumens of the lymphatic system, the major body cavities (peritoneal, pleural, pericardial) and so forth. Non-limiting, specific examples of internal medical devices include vascular devices such as vascular catheters (e.g., balloon catheters), including balloons and inflation tubing for the same, hydrolyser catheters, guide wires, pullback sheaths, filters (e.g., vena cava filters), left ventricular assist devices, total artificial hearts, injection needles, drug delivery tubing, drainage tubing, gastroenteric and colonoscopic tubing, endoscopic devices, endotracheal devices such as airway tubes, devices for the urinary tract such as urinary catheters and ureteral stents, and devices for the neural region such as catheters and wires. Many devices in accordance with the invention have one or more portions that are cylindrical in shape, including both solid and hollow cylindrical shapes. Devices in accordance with the present invention may have a single superhydrophobic surface region or multiple superhydrophobic surface regions. Various specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in conjunction with In such a system, it may be desirable to decrease the friction at various locations including (a) between the guidewire 350 and the vasculature through which it is advanced, (b) between the inside surface of the member that forms the guidewire lumen of the catheter (e.g., inner tubular member 310) and the outside surface of the guidewire 350 over which it is passed, (c) between the inside surface of the balloon 330 and the outside surface of the inner tubular member 310, (d) between the outside surface of the balloon 330 and the vasculature, and/or (e) between the outside surface of the outer tubular member 320 and the vasculature. For this purpose, such surfaces may be rendered superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic in accordance with the present invention, for example, using techniques such as those described herein. Note that it may be desirable treat only a portion of a given surface. As a specific example, balloons may be advanced into the vasculature while in a folded configuration, in which case the exposed balloon surface may be rendered superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic in conjunction with the present invention. It may be desirable, however, to the avoid so-treating the non-exposed (folded) balloon surface, thereby allowing the balloon to better engage surrounding tissue (or a surrounding stent) upon deployment of the balloon and decreasing the likelihood of slippage. Where the balloon is configured to refold upon deflation along the same lines that it was folded prior to inflation, a substantially superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic surface will again be presented to the vasculature, assisting with balloon withdrawal. The distal end of another guidewire-catheter system will now be described with reference to As with the system illustrated in As previously noted, it is also desirable to decrease the resistance to fluid flow that is encountered, for example, by inflation fluid as it proceeds down the length of the catheter to the balloon (upon inflation) and back (upon deflation). For this purpose, the fluid-contacting surface(s) of the conduit through which the inflation fluid travels may be rendered superhydrophobic. (The inflation fluid may be an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, and the degree of wall slip encountered by the fluid may be among the criteria for inflation fluid selection, if desired.) Moreover, by providing the outer surface of the catheter with a superhydrophobic outer surface, resistance to blood flow between the outer surface of the catheter and the inside of the vessel may be substantially reduced in very narrow passages, for example, those encountered in conjunction with chronic total occlusions. As indicated above, in addition to being formed from a low surface energy material (e.g., an inherently hydrophobic material), superhydrophobic surfaces generally have an associated surface roughness. Examples of low surface energy materials include fluorocarbon materials (i.e., materials containing molecules having C�F bonds), for instance, fluorocarbon homopolymers and copolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), ethylene chloro-trifluoroethylene (ECTFE), perfluoro-alkoxyalkane (PFA), poly(chloro-trifluoro-ethylene) (CTFE), perfluoro-alkoxyalkane (PFA), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), among many others. Many techniques are available for creating superhydrophobic surfaces, a few of which are described herein. In some embodiments, a substrate material having a low surface energy (i.e., an inherently hydrophobic material) may be textured to produce a superhydrophobic surface. For instance, a low surface energy substrate material (e.g., a fluorocarbon layer) may be textured using techniques such as those described below. Alternatively, a substrate material may be textured (e.g., using techniques such as those described below), followed by application of a coating of a low surface energy (i.e., inherently hydrophobic) material that is sufficiently thin to reflect at least some of the contours of the textured surface. In this way, a wide range of substrate materials may be employed for the practice invention, suitable examples of which may be selected, for example, from the various substrate materials set forth below. One example of a technique for depositing thin layers of low surface energy (i.e., inherently hydrophobic) materials is hot-filament CVD (HFCVD), also known as pyrolytic or hot-wire CVD. HFCVD allows objects of complex shape and nanoscale feature size to be conformally coated. For example, the conformal nature of HFCVD has been demonstrated to allow carbon nanotubes to be �shrink-wrapped�. Using hot filaments to drive the gas phase chemistry allows linear polymers to be deposited, as opposed to highly crosslinked networks such as those encountered with other techniques such as plasma enhanced CVD. This technique can be used to deposit ultrathin layers of a variety of polymers, including low surface energy polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene. Besides being able to deposit ultrathin layers, this technique is advantageous in that the object to be coated remains at room temperature. For further information, see, e.g., United States Patent Application No. 2003/0138645 to Gleason et al.; K. K. S. Lau et al., �Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) of fluorocarbon and organosilicon thin films,� Thin Solid Films, 395 (2001) pp. 288-291; Lau K K S and Gleason K K. �Pulsed plasma enhanced and hot filament chemical vapor deposition of fluorocarbon films� J. Fluorine Chem., 2000, 104, 119-126; and Lau K K S et al., �Structure and morphology of fluorocarbon films grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition�. Chem. of Mater., 2000, 12, 3032-3037. Examples of techniques by which surfaces may be textured include, for example, laser ablation techniques such as laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) structuring. A laser technique for providing surface texturing is described, for example, in Wong, W. et al, �Surface structuring of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by UV excimer laser,� Journal of Materials Processing Technology 132 (2003) 114-118. Techniques for forming textured surfaces on one or more components of a medical device by laser treatment at high fluence and/or by plasma treatment are described in U.S. Ser. No. 11/045,955 filed Jan. 26, 2005 and entitled �Medical Devices and Methods of Making the Same.� Other methods for surface roughening are based on lithographic techniques in which a patterned mask is formed over the material to be textured, and the material is subsequently etched through apertures in the mask. Lithographic techniques include optical lithography, ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet lithography, and X-ray lithography. One process, known as columnated plasma lithography, is capable of producing X-rays for lithography having wavelengths on the order of 10 nm. For an example of the use of photolithographic techniques to form surface texturing, see, e.g., Jia Ou et al, �Laminar drag reduction in microchannels using ultrahydrophobic surfaces,� Physics Of Fluids, Vol. 16, No. 12, December 2004. In this article, pressure drop reductions up to 40% and apparent slip lengths larger than 20 microns are obtained for the laminar flow of water through microchannels having ultrahydrophobic surfaces. Still other methods for forming textured surfaces, including nanotextured surfaces, are described in U.S. Ser. No. 11/007,867 entitled �Medical Devices having Nanostructured Regions for Controlled Tissue Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery.� These methods include methods in which textured regions are formed by: (a) providing a precursor region comprising a first material that is present in distinct phase domains within the precursor region; and (b) subjecting the precursor region to conditions under which the first material is either reduced in volume or eliminated from the precursor region (e.g., because the first material is preferentially sublimable, evaporable, combustible, dissolvable, etc.), thereby forming a textured region. Examples include alloys that contain dissolvable/etchable metallic phase domains (e.g. Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.) along with one or more substantially non-oxidizing noble metals (e.g., gold, platinum, titanium, etc.). Further details concerning dealloying can be found, for example, in J. Erlebacher et al., �Evolution of nanoporosity in dealloying,� Nature, Vo. 410, 22 March 2001, 450-453; A. J. Forty, �Corrosion micromorphology of noble metal alloys and depletion gilding,� Nature, Vol. 282, 6 Dec. 1979, 597-598; and R. C. Newman et al., �Alloy Corrosion,� MRS Bulletin, July 1999, 24-28. In other embodiments, a coating is created over an underlying substrate material, which provides both the surface roughness and the low surface energy characteristics that are generally associated with superhydrophobic surfaces. Such coatings may be of single or multiple layer construction and may be applied over a wide variety of substrate materials. Various specific techniques for forming such coatings will now be described. One specific example of a situation where a superhydrophobic coating is provided over an underlying substrate is described in P. Favia et al., �Deposition of super-hydrophobic fluorocarbon coatings in modulated RF glow discharges,� Surface and Coatings Technology, 169-170 (2003) 609-612. Favia et al. have reported the deposition of superhydrophobic coatings in modulated RF glow discharges fed with tetrafluoroethylene. These coatings are characterized as having a high degree of fluorination and as having ribbon-like randomly distributed surface microstructures, which have feature sizes on the order of a micron. The combined high fluorination degree and surface texture roughness was reported to lead to superhydrophobic behavior, as attested by water contact angle values of 150-165�. Textured surfaces may also be created using sol-gel techniques. In a typical sol-gel process, precursor materials are subjected to hydrolysis and condensation (also referred to as polymerization) reactions to form a colloidal suspension, or �sol�. Examples of precursors include inorganic metallic and semi-metallic salts, metallic and semi-metallic complexes/chelates (e.g., metal acetylacetonate complexes), metallic and semi-metallic hydroxides, organometallic and organo-semi-metallic alkoxides (e.g., metal alkoxides and silicon alkoxides), among others. As can be seen from the simplified scheme below, the sol-forming reaction is basically a ceramic network forming process (from G. Kickelbick, �Concepts for the incorporation of inorganic building blocks into organic polymers on a nanoscale� Prog. Polym. Sci., 28 (2003) 83-114):
A textured layer may be produced by applying a sol onto a substrate, for example, by spray coating, coating with an applicator (e.g., by roller or brush), spin-coating, dip-coating, and so forth. As a result, a �wet gel� is formed. The wet gel is then dried. If the solvent in the wet gel is removed under supercritical conditions, a material commonly called an �aerogel� is obtained. If the gel is dried via freeze drying (lyophilization), the resulting material is commonly referred to as a �cryogel.� Drying at ambient temperature and ambient pressure leads to what is commonly referred to as a �xerogel.� Other drying possibilities are available including elevated temperature drying (e.g., in an oven), vacuum drying (e.g., at ambient or elevated temperatures), and so forth. The porosity, and thus surface texture, of the gel can be regulated in a number of ways, including, for example, varying the solvent/water content, varying the aging time (e.g., the time before addition of an aqueous solution to a metal organic solution), varying the drying method and rate, and so forth. Further information concerning sol-gel materials can be found, for example, in Viitala R. et al., �Surface properties of in vitro bioactive and non-bioactive sol-gel derived materials,� Biomaterials, 2002 Aug; 23(15):3073-86. The production of hydrophobic sol-gels with high contact angles have been reported through the use of various organosilane compounds. See, e.g., A. V. Rao et al., �Comparative studies on the surface chemical modification of silica aerogels based on various organosilane compounds of the type RnSiX4-n ,� Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 350 (2004) 216-223, which reports the surface chemical modification of silica aerogels using various precursors and co-precursors based on mono-, di-, tri- and tetrafunctional organosilane compounds. The chemically modified hydrophobic silica aerogels are produced by (i) co-precursor, and (ii) derivatization methods. The co-precursor method resulted in aerogels with higher contact angle (approx. 136�) whereas a lower contact angle (approx. 120�) arose using the derivatization method. Using the coprecursor, aerogels with contact angles as high as 175� were obtained. In other embodiments of the invention, once a gel layer of suitable porosity is formed, it is provided with a thin low surface energy (i.e., inherently hydrophobic) layer, for example, a fluorocarbon layer, such as those described elsewhere herein. Another example where a multilayer coating process is employed to provide a superhydrophobic surface is described in K. K. S. Lau et al., �Superhydrophobic Carbon Nanotube Forests� Nanoletters 3, 1701 (2003). In this work, stable, superhydrophobic surfaces are created using the nano-scale roughness inherent in a vertically aligned carbon nanotube �forest.� The nanotube layer is deposited using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique that consists of forming discrete nickel catalyst islands on a substrate and subsequently growing nanotubes from these catalyst islands in a DC plasma discharge. A thin, conformal polytetrafluoroethylene layer is then applied onto the carbon nanotubes using the HFCVD process. More particularly, using an array of stainless steel filaments resistively heated to 500� C., hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) gas is thermally decomposed to form difluorocarbene (CF2) radicals, which polymerize into PTFE on the nanotube layer, which is kept at room temperature. An initiator, e.g., perfluorobutane-1-sulfonyl fluoride, is used to promote the polymerization process. The advancing and receding contact angles of the resulting surface are 170� and 160�, respectively. Other multilayer techniques for forming ultrahydrophobic surface coatings include the use of layer-by-layer techniques, in which a wide variety of substrates may be coated using charged materials via electrostatic self-assembly. In the layer-by-layer technique, a first layer having a first surface charge is typically deposited on an underlying substrate, such as one of those described above, followed by a second layer having a second surface charge that is opposite in sign to the surface charge of the first layer, and so forth. The charge on the outer layer is reversed upon deposition of each sequential layer. Layer-by-layer techniques generally employ charged polymer species, including those commonly referred to as polyelectrolytes. Specific examples of polyelectrolyte cations (also known as polycations) include protamine sulfate polycations, poly(allylamine) polycations (e.g., poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)), polydiallyldimethylammonium polycations, polyethyleneimine polycations, chitosan polycations, gelatin polycations, spermidine polycations and albumin polycations, among many others. Specific examples of polyelectrolyte anions (also known as polyanions) include poly(styrenesulfonate) polyanions (e.g., poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSS)), polyacrylic acid polyanions, sodium alginate polyanions, eudragit polyanions, gelatin polyanions, hyaluronic acid polyanions, carrageenan polyanions, chondroitin sulfate polyanions, and carboxymethylcellulose polyanions, among many others. Surface roughness may be created in these techniques by depositing one or more layers of particles. A variety of particles are available for this purpose including, for example, carbon, ceramic and metallic particles, which may be in the form of plates, cylinders, tubes, and spheres, among other shapes. Specific examples of plate-like particles include synthetic or natural phyllosilicates including clays and micas (which may optionally be intercalated and/or exfoliated) such as montmorillonite, hectorite, hydrotalcite, vermiculite and laponite. Specific examples of tubes and fibers include single-wall, so-called �few-wall,� and multi-wall carbon nanotubes, vapor grown carbon fibers, alumina fibers, titanium oxide fibers, tungsten oxide fibers, tantalum oxide fibers, zirconium oxide fibers, silicate fibers such as aluminum silicate fibers, and attapulgite clay. Specific examples of further particles include fullerenes (e.g., �Buckey balls�), silicon oxide (silica) particles, aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, tungsten oxide particles, tantalum oxide particles, and zirconium oxide particles. In some embodiments, charged particle layers are introduced as part of the layer-by-layer process. Certain particles, such as clays, have an inherent surface charge. On the other hand, surface charge may be provided, if desired, by attaching species that have a net positive or negative charge to the particles, for example by adsorption, covalent bonding, and so forth. One specific layer-by-layer technique for forming superhydrophobic surfaces on underlying substrates is described in L. Zhai et al., �Stable Superhydrophobic Coatings from Polyelectrolyte Multilayers,� Nano Letters, 2004, Vol. 4, No. 7, 1349-53. In this study the lotus leaf structure is mimicked by creating a porous, honeycomb-like polyelectrolyte multilayer surface, overcoated with silica nanoparticles. This structure is then further coated with a semifluorinated silane. More specifically, this reference describes a process in which multilayers are assembled from poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with the PAH dipping solution at a pH of 8.5 and the PAA dipping solution at a pH of 3.5. A resulting 100.5-bilayer-thick PAH/PAA coating is then subject to a staged low pH treatment protocol to form pores on the order of 10 microns and having a honeycomb-like structure on the surface. To mimic the lotus leaf effect, this micron scale surface is further provided with nanoscale surface texture. Nanoscale texture is introduced by depositing 50 nm SiO2 nanoparticles onto the surface by alternating dipping of the substrate into an aqueous suspension of negatively charged nanoparticles, followed by dipping in aqueous PAH solution, followed by a final dipping of the substrate into the nanoparticle suspension. The surface is then modified by a chemical vapor deposition of (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)-1-trichlorosilane (semifluorinated silane) followed by heating at 180� C. to remove unreacted semifluorinated silane. The resulting surface demonstrated advancing and receding water contact angles which were in excess of 160�. Another specific layer-by-layer technique for forming superhydrophobic surfaces on underlying substrates is described in R. M. Jisr et al., �Hydrophobic and Ultrahydrophobic Multilayer Thin Films from Perfluorinated Polyelectrolytes,� Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 782-785. The polyelectrolytes employed are poly(diallyidimethylammonium) (PDADMA),
Jisr et al. further demonstrate that non-hydrogel, superhydrophilic surfaces can readily be created by application of a hydrophilic polyelectrolyte, even when deposited over a superhydrophobic structure. Specifically, the above ultrahydrophobic coating was transformed into an ultrahydrophilic surface by coating it with 2.5 additional layer pairs of PAA-co-PAEDAPS and PFPVP. The PAA-co-PAEDAPS is a statistical copolymer of 75 mol % poly(acrylic acid) and 25 mol % poly((3-[2-(acrylamido)ethyldimethylammonio]-propane sulfonate), a hydrophilic zwitterion. The resulting surface had a contact angle of 0� (too small to measure). Unlike other known superhydrophilic materials such as hydrogels, superhydrophilic materials made using layer-by-layer techniques can be hard, for example, having a durometer value similar to elastomeric polymers used to produce catheter tubes (e.g., 40 A or more, in some instances). It is noted that certain of the above techniques are particularly well adapted to forming superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces over the interior surfaces of medical devices and medical device components (e.g., tubes, etc.), including sol-gel layer-by-layer techniques, layer-by-layer techniques and HFCVD. As previously indicated, substrate materials for use in the invention vary widely and may be selected from (a) organic materials (e.g., materials containing 50 wt % or more organic species) such as polymeric materials and (b) inorganic materials (e.g., materials containing 50 wt % or more inorganic species), such as metallic materials (e.g., metals and metal alloys) and non-metallic materials (e.g., including carbon, semiconductors, glasses and ceramics, which may contain various metal- and non-metal-oxides, various metal- and non-metal-nitrides, various metal- and non-metal-carbides, various metal- and non-metal-borides, various metal- and non-metal-phosphates, and various metal- and non-metal-sulfides, among others). Specific examples of non-metallic inorganic materials may be selected, for example, from materials containing one or more of the following: metal oxides, including aluminum oxides and transition metal oxides (e.g., oxides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, and iridium); silicon; silicon-based ceramics, such as those containing silicon nitrides, silicon carbides and silicon oxides (sometimes referred to as glass ceramics); calcium phosphate ceramics (e.g., hydroxyapatite); carbon; and carbon-based, ceramic-like materials such as carbon nitrides. Specific examples of metallic inorganic materials may be selected, for example, from metals (e.g., biostable metals such as gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, and ruthenium, and bioresorbable metals such as magnesium and iron), metal alloys comprising iron and chromium (e.g., stainless steels, including platinum-enriched radiopaque stainless steel), alloys comprising nickel and titanium (e.g., Nitinol), alloys comprising cobalt and chromium, including alloys that comprise cobalt, chromium and iron (e.g., elgiloy alloys), alloys comprising nickel, cobalt and chromium (e.g., MP 35N) and alloys comprising cobalt, chromium, tungsten and nickel (e.g., L605), alloys comprising nickel and chromium (e.g., inconel alloys), and bioabsorbable metal alloys, such as alloys of magnesium or iron in combination with Ce, Ca, Zn, Zr and/or Li. Substrate materials containing polymers and other high molecular weight materials may be selected, for example, from substrate materials containing one or more of the following: polycarboxylic acid polymers and copolymers including polyacrylic acids; acetal polymers and copolymers; acrylate and methacrylate polymers and copolymers (e.g., n-butyl methacrylate); cellulosic polymers and copolymers, including cellulose acetates, cellulose nitrates, cellulose propionates, cellulose acetate butyrates, cellophanes, rayons, rayon triacetates, and cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl celluloses and hydroxyalkyl celluloses; polyoxymethylene polymers and copolymers; polyimide polymers and copolymers such as polyether block imides, polyamidimides, polyesterimides, and polyetherimides; polysulfone polymers and copolymers including polyarylsulfones and polyethersulfones; polyamide polymers and copolymers including nylon 6,6, nylon 12, polyether-block co-polyamide polymers (e.g., Pebax� resins), polycaprolactams and polyacrylamides; resins including alkyd resins, phenolic resins, urea resins, melamine resins, epoxy resins, allyl resins and epoxide resins; polycarbonates; polyacrylonitriles; polyvinylpyrrolidones (cross-linked and otherwise); polymers and copolymers of vinyl monomers including polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl halides such as polyvinyl chlorides, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers (EVA), polyvinylidene chlorides, polyvinyl ethers such as polyvinyl methyl ethers, vinyl aromatic polymers and copolymers such as polystyrenes, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, vinyl aromatic-hydrocarbon copolymers including styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-ethylene-butylene copolymers (e.g., a polystyrene-polyethylene/butylene-polystyrene (SEBS) copolymer, available as Kraton� G series polymers), styrene-isoprene copolymers (e.g., polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene), acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers and styrene-isobutylene copolymers (e.g., polyisobutylene-polystyrene block copolymers such as SIBS), polyvinyl ketones, polyvinylcarbazoles, and polyvinyl esters such as polyvinyl acetates; polybenzimidazoles; ionomers; polyalkyl oxide polymers and copolymers including polyethylene oxides (PEO); polyesters including polyethylene terephthalates, polybutylene terephthalates and aliphatic polyesters such as polymers and copolymers of lactide (which includes lactic acid as well as d-, l- and meso lactide), epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide (including glycolic acid), hydroxybutyrate, hydroxyvalerate, para-dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate (and its alkyl derivatives), 1,4-dioxepan-2-one, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one, and 6,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one (a copolymer of polylactic acid and polycaprolactone is one specific example); polyether polymers and copolymers including polyarylethers such as polyphenylene ethers, polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones; polyphenylene sulfides; polyisocyanates; polyolefin polymers and copolymers, including polyalkylenes such as polypropylenes, polyethylenes (low and high density, low and high molecular weight), polybutylenes (such as polybut-1-ene and polyisobutylene), polyolefin elastomers (e.g., santoprene), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubbers, poly-4-methyl-pen-1-enes, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymers and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers; fluorinated polymers and copolymers, including polytetrafluoroethylenes (PTFE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropene) (FEP), modified ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers (ETFE), and polyvinylidene fluorides (PVDF); silicone polymers and copolymers; polyurethanes; p-xylylene polymers; polyiminocarbonates; copoly(ether-esters) such as polyethylene oxide-polylactic acid copolymers; polyphosphazines; polyalkylene oxalates; polyoxaamides and polyoxaesters (including those containing amines and/or amido groups); polyorthoesters; biopolymers, such as polypeptides, proteins, polysaccharides and fatty acids (and esters thereof), including fibrin, fibrinogen, collagen, elastin, chitosan, gelatin, starch, glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronic acid; as well as blends and further copolymers of the above. Although various embodiments of the invention are specifically illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated that modifications and variations of the present invention are covered by the above teachings without departing from the spirit and intended scope of the invention. Referenced by
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Philippine Independent Church
Article Free PassPhilippine Independent Church, Spanish Iglesia Filipina Independiente, also called Aglipayan Church, independent church organized in 1902 after the Philippine revolution of 1896–98 as a protest against the Spanish clergy's control of the Roman Catholic Church. Cofounders of the church were Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, author, labour leader, and senator, who was imprisoned during the revolution for his criticism of Spanish clergy and government officials in the Philippines, and Gregorio Aglipay y Labayán, a Philippine Roman Catholic priest who was excommunicated in 1899 for his activities on behalf of the revolution. Aglipay accepted de los Reyes' request that he serve as supreme bishop of the new church in 1903, a position he held until his death in 1940.
The church continued to follow Roman Catholic forms of worship, but for many years doctrine was strongly influenced by Unitarianism. A schism developed in 1946, and a unitarian faction left the church. Under Isabelo de los Reyes, Jr., elected bishop in 1946, the church adopted in 1947 a new declaration of faith and articles of religion that were Trinitarian. The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States consecrated three bishops of the Philippine Independent Church in 1948, and the two churches entered into a close association. In 1961 the church was accepted into full communion with the Church of England and the Old Catholic churches.
In the late 20th century membership was 1,400,000.
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Who's Watching My Mom on QVC Right Now?
Are you guys watching my mom on QVC right now!? She's live on air selling her Kris Jenner Kollection! Tune in now!
Kim Talks Intimate Wedding and Having More Kids – Us Weekly | |
Kendall Jenner Says Kylie's Obsessed With Her – Us Weekly | |
Kim Kardashian the Marilyn Monroe of Our Time? – Us Weekly | |
Miley Cyrus Partly At Fault For Robin Thicke's Divorce – Us Weekly | |
Is Amanda Bynes Heading to Jail? – Us Weekly | |
Oh La La! Jessica Simpson and Hubby In Bed – Us Weekly |
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Monday, March 10, 2014
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In this edition of Active Now, Marcie Fraser demonstrates another way to use the TRX straps at the gym. Mountain climbers work a combination of your lowers abs and parts of your upper body.


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BeerAdvocate on your phone?! True story. Try the beta now.
Tickets for American Craft Beer Fest are on sale now! (May 30 & 31 in Boston, MA)
Whiskey Sour Dunkel - No-Li Brewhouse
No picture uploaded. Have one? Upload it now. |
Ratings: 1 | Reviews: 1
Reviews by SeattleBeerBlog:
4.08/5 rDev 0%
look: 4.5 | smell: 4 | taste: 4 | feel: 3.5 | overall: 4.5
A- A nice dark brown with a great head and good retention, definitely looked like a nice dark dunkel.
S- Smelled great, sweet malt, acidic, sour, with a bit of wildness that made me think of a wheat field for some reason.
T- was really good, not over powering but just sour enough to let you know that a wild yeast strain was definitely there, also a hint of warming alcohol that let you know that this was barrel aged in whiskey barrels.
M- A great Mouthfeel with a medium carbonation and a heavy body.
D- a highly drinkable sour beer, if that exists. Would highly recommend this as it is quite a unique brew. Enjoyed it at Brauer's Cafe in Seattle during their Sour Beer Festival, I would highly recommend going and seeing if it is still available to try.
Serving type: on-tap
05-16-2009 02:15:39 | More by SeattleBeerBlog
Whiskey Sour Dunkel from No-Li Brewhouse
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Heirlooms lyrics
Lyrics → Artists: A → Amy Grant lyrics → Heirlooms lyricsAmy Grant — Heirlooms lyrics
Amy Grant Heirlooms lyrics was added to the site 28 Nov, 2006 and since that time has 2 hits and voted 0 times. Other popular Amy Grant lyrics are: Highly Favoured, El Shaddai and O Master, Let Me Walk With Thee.
Up in the attic,
Down on my knees.
Lifetimes of boxes,
Timeless to me.
Letters and photographs,
Yellowed with years,
Some bringing laughter,
Some bringing tears.
Time never changes,
The memories, the faces
Of loved ones, who bring to me,
All that I come from,
And all that I live for,
And all that I'm going to be.
My precious family
Is more than an heirloom to me.
Wisemen and shepherds,
Down on their knees,
Bringing their treasures
To lay at His feet.
Who was this wonder,
Baby yet King?
Living and dying;
He gave life to me.
Time never changes,
The memory, the moment
His love first pierced through me,
Telling all that I come from,
And all that I live for,
And all that I'm going to be.
My precious Savior
Is more than an heirloom to me.
My precious Jesus
Is more than an heirloom to me.
[ Lyrics from: http://www.lyricsty.com/amy-grant-heirlooms-lyrics.html ]
Heirlooms lyrics ©
Warner/Chappell Music, Inc.


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HalenHardy, LLC was founded in January 2013 to develop products and services that improve worker health and safety across multiple industries including oil and gas, mining, construction, remediation, and demolition.
Our latest innovations were designed to protect workers from dangerous dusts with a specific emphasis on respirable crystalline silica and lead.
The HalenHardy corporate office and manufacturing facility is proudly based on Main Street in Bellwood, PA, equidistant from the Marcellus Shale's two most active areas, Canonsburg and Towanda.
Silicosis Prevention Advisors (www.silicosisprevention.com)
HalenHardy can design and implement a comprehensive Silicosis Prevention Program (SPP) that will protect your company's most valuable asset...your workers.
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HalenHardy, LLC has two main divisions:
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Engineered and manufactured the award-winning MASHH Mobile Air Shower by HalenHardy.
The MASHH system reduces worker exposure to respirable crystalline silica by removing dust from contaminated clothing in less than 30 seconds.


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Jane Sudell (from top), Kara Treacy, 16, David Grover and his daughter Monique Grover, 16, get in their first swim of the year at Collier Pool. David Grover has participated in the annual New Year's Day swim the past 20 years.
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Price declines by tow heavy weight stocks, Nestle Nigeria Plc and Dangote Cement Plc yesterday made trading on the Nigerian bourse to close on bearish note. Although the number of price gainers outstripped losers, losses by Nestle Nigeria Plc and Dangote Cement made the Nigerian Stock Exchange All-Share Index (ASI) to close 0.67 per cent lower at 41, 471.28 compared to its closing level of 41,751.55 last Friday. Dangote Cement and Nestle are the first and third highest capitalised stocks respectively. At the close of trading yesterday, Dangote Cement shed N4.98 which wiped off about N85 billion from the market capitalisation of the NSE. Similarly, Nestle Nigeria Plc went down by N9.95, resulting in a decline of about N7.9 billion in capitalisation. Guinness Nigeria Plc also shed N2.30, while UAC of Nigeria Plc lost N1.00. In all, 29 stocks recorded price losses, while 35 added value. The price gainers were led by Oando Plc with N1.10 to close at N26.70, trailed by Nigerian Breweries Plc and International Breweries Plc with N1.00 apiece. UBA Capital Plc , which made some leadership changes last week continued to attract high demand by investors who are responding to the new appointments in the investment banking firm. The stock closed at N2.42 after gaining 10 kobo. Mr. Chika Mordi was last week named the chairman of UBA Capital , while a frontline capital market operator, Mrs. Oluwatoyin Sanni is the new group chief executive officer (CEO) of the company. Speaking about her plans for the company, Sanni said, "I am eager to lead a team of skilled, driven professionals into the next phase of UBA Capital's development. We have had a solid performance across all our subsidiaries and our trustees business is clearly a dominant player in the market. With the others making solid progress towards market leadership, UBA Capital is ready to establish itself as a leading African financial services and investment banking group."
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text: "Perfect Sisters" Abigal Breslin crime thriller release date setFebruary 12, 2014 - 11:59 AMT PanARMENIAN.Net - Perfect Sisters, a crime thriller starring Abigal Breslin, hit select theaters in New York, Los Angeles and Toronto on April 11, The Hollywood Reporter said. The movie marks the directorial debut of Stan Brooks. As founder of his own production company, Stan & Deliver Films, the Emmy-winning producer and now director based the crime-thriller on Toronto's infamous "Bathtub Girls" case. Breslin, an Academy Award nominee for her role in Little Miss Sunshine, and The Chronicles of Narnia's Georgie Henley play two teenage sisters who plot their addict mother's (Mira Sorvino) death. They attempt to get away with the murder until rumors that they killed their mother surface at school. "We are excited to be working with Gravitas Ventures on the release of Perfect Sisters," Brooks said. "On behalf of our incredibly talented cast and crew, we look forward to sharing our film with audiences in theaters and on demand this spring." Produced by Juliette Hagopian of Julijette Inc. and Damien Ganczewski, and executive produced by Michael Rotenberg, Cathy Rollo and Tony Rollo, North American distribution for the film will be handled by Gravitas Ventures. Related links: Top stories Attendees will have the opportunity to look into the life and times of Haroutiun Galentz as seen through his son's eyes. Best Actress went to Japanese star Haru Kuroki for "The Little House". Richard Linklater took home Best Director for "Boyhood". In December 2013 the band recorded a second EP, the "Winter Sessions", which will be available in February 2014. Dabaghyan's 15-minute performance during the concert to take place on Feb 20, will include Komistas and Vahe Sharafyan's works. Partner news | VivaCell-MTS reports increased number of March 8 calls Compared to the 2013, the number of calls has increased by 5.81%, while the number of SMS messages has increased by 49.39%. U.S. Senate panel head accuses CIA of 'searching' staff computers That alleged abuse is said to have stemmed from a detention and interrogation program under former President George W Bush. Hyundai to join rivals in offering an all-electric car "We are dividing the roles of Hyundai and Kia, with Hyundai launching fuel cell cars and Kia focusing on electric cars," Lee Ki-sang said. EU to extend €500mln of unilateral trade benefits to Ukraine European Trade Commissioner said the decision would come into effect immediately and run until at least Nov 1 this year. |


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By Business Wire | Article Rating: |
November 15, 2012 12:00 PM EST | Reads: |
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From wireless wallets to cloud-based services, app integration, digital health and fitness devices and beyond, the 2013 International CES® will feature an array of top consumer technology products and trends, including inspiring innovations across a range of hot products and categories. Owned and produced by the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA)®, the 2013 CES, the world's largest annual innovation event, will take place January 8-11, 2013, in Las Vegas.
"The 2013 International CES will showcase the latest innovations and trends that will capture the hearts and minds of consumers over the coming months and years," said Karen Chupka, senior vice president, events and conferences, CEA. "More, our conference sessions cover the most important issues and trends across our industry, further cementing CES' position as a can't-miss event for industry professionals."
The 2013 CES will draw 150,000 industry professionals to witness the next generation of consumer technology. More than 3,000 exhibitors will debut 20,000 new products across 1.8 million net square feet of exhibit space. In addition to hundreds of conference sessions covering top issues and trends crossing the full spectrum of the consumer technology and related industries, the 2013 CES experience will feature the following representative sampling of exhibitors, keynotes and TechZones:
1. Wireless Wallets
Payments – LVCC, North Hall, Booth 3419
– LVCC, South Hall 4, Upper Level, Booth 35557
– Venetian, Level 2, Venetian Ballroom, Booth 70720
– Venetian, Hospitality Suites, Booth 219
Inc. – LVCC, North Hall, Booth 4637
Battle of Mobile Wallet: Which Platform Will Prevail
2. Gesture Recognition/HMI
– Venetian, Level 3, San Polo, Booths 3501A, 3502, 3503
– Venetian, Level 2, Bassano, Booth 2706
Interactive – LVH, Hospitality Suites, Booths 22-121
– LVH, Hospitality Suites, Booth 2962
3 Trends That Are Redefining the User Interface
Interface: What it Will Look Like in 5 Years
3. Cloud-Based Services
3 Apps – LVCC, North Hall
Micro Devices – LVCC, North Hall, Meeting Rooms, N231, N233, N242
LLC – Venetian, Level 3, Booth 75106
Technologies – LVCC, South Hall 4, Upper Level, Meeting Rooms, S215,
Companies Inc. – Venetian Level 3, San Polo, Booth 3403
– LVCC South Hall 4, Upper Level, Booth 36254
Optoelectronics – LVCC, South Hall 4, Upper Level, Booth 35786
Biencloud Technology Co.Ltd. – Venetian, Level 2, Hall D, Booth 72340
Content in the Cloud
How the Cloud is Changing
Privacy and Security in the Cloud
CNET's Next Big Thing: Always On, The Constantly
Connected Consumer is Here – 3-4p.m., January 8, 2013, LVCC, North Hall
Upper Level Meeting Rooms N255-257
Disruptive Technologies Impacting the Future of Games and Video – 11a.m.-12p.m., January 8, 2013, LVCC, North Hall Upper Level Meeting Rooms N255-257
Matters Keynote: Marketing in the Cloud – 11a.m., January 9, 2013,
LVH Theater
Summit Sessions:
Computing and the Implications for Consumer Tech – 3-4p.m., January
7, 2013, LVCC, North Hall 250
4. App Integration
MoDev Hackathon – January 9, 2013,Venetian, Level 4, Lando 4303
University – January 10, 2013, LVCC, South Hall 4, Upper Level
Meeting Rooms
Apps Showdown – January 10, 2013, LVCC, North Hall, Upper Level
Meeting Rooms, Room N255
5. Digital Health and Fitness
– LVCC, South Hall 2, Ground Level, Booth 26303
– LVCC, Grand Lobby, Booth GL3; LVH, Hospitality Suites, Booth 1410
The Digital Health Summit
Fitness Tech
Creating a Mass Market for Digital Health Electronics
Health: A Retailing's Next Frontier?
Let's Get Physical: Getting
Connected with Emerging Fitness Technologies
The Human Body: The Next Digital Revolution
6. Wireless Home Automation/Home Energy Management
Gadgets LLC – Venetian, Level 3, Booth 74011
– Renaissance, Hospitality Suites and Summit Room
Cost – LVCC, South Hall 1, Ground Level, Booth 21834
& Technology Limited – Venetian, Level 2, Hall D, Booth 72510
Corp. – Venetian, Level 3, Booth 75114
Alarms – LVCC, South Hall 4, Upper Level, Booth 37125
Companies Inc. – Venetian, Level 3, San Polo, Booth 3403
Corp. – LVCC, North Hall, Booth# 3208
CE Pro Forum at CES
Smart Homes & Digital
Consumers: Sponsored by J.D. Power and Associates
Lifestyle Hit Parade: Winning Products and Apps
Smart Appliances:
Opportunities in Energy Conservation
7. Connected Consumers: On Demand Services
LightSpeed – LVCC, North Hall, Booth 4135
Cable Conferences at CES
Anytime Anywhere Content
TV Through Streaming
8. 3D Printing
Industries – LVCC, South Hall 3, Upper Level, Booth 32025
– LVCC, South Hall 2, Ground Level, Booth 26111
9. Safe Driver/Connected Cars
Driver Tech Zone - LVH
– LVCC, CES Central Plaza, CP-14
Motors – LVCC, North Hall, Booth 1830
Motor Company – LVCC, North Hall, Booth 2220
Conenct2Car: Optimizing the Connected Driver
Dashboard Tech: 5 Hot Trends Coming Down the Pike
Summit Sessions:
Future of Auto Technology – 4-5p.m., January 7, 2013, LVCC, North
Hall, N250
The 2013 CES will feature 20 market-specific TechZones, including several returning crowd-pleasers such as:
Eureka Park: In partnership with Startup America and the National Science Foundation, this area, featuring entrepreneurs, start-ups and small companies showcasing the next generation of technology, has increased by 40 percent since the 2012 CES, with 140 exhibitors participating.
iLounge Pavilion: Now in its fourth year, iLounge will feature more than 440 exhibitors across a combined total 120,000 square feet of i-related products. The area has nearly quadrupled since its launch in 2010.
PMA@CES: Showcases the most-concentrated exhibits of photo/imaging products and technologies.
Sustainable Planet: Featuring sustainable products and services including green building, alternative energy technologies, green business services and solutions, smart grid technologies, solar and renewable products, sustainable packaging and wireless convergence.
Gaming Showcase: An area of more than 10,000 square feet of exhibit space dedicated to gaming hardware, software and accessories.
Digital Health Summit: Health, wellness and technology converge at this CES TechZone. The Digital Health Summit showcases solutions for diagnosing, monitoring and treating illnesses from obesity to asthma.
The Innovations Design and Engineering Showcase – Best of Innovations honorees have been judged by a preeminent panel of independent industrial designers, independent engineers and members of the trade press. This is the place to see, touch, feel and understand the future of consumer technology. The Best of Innovations designation is awarded to products with the highest judges' scores. This year's honorees will be featured in the Innovations Design and Engineering Awards Showcase in The Venetian.
For the full CES conferences schedule, please visit: CESweb.org/conferences.
Note to Editors: The official name of the global technology event is "International CES." Subsequent references to the show can be shortened to "CES." Please do not use "Consumer Electronics Show" to refer to the International CES.
About CEA:
The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) is the preeminent trade association promoting growth in the $206 billion U.S. consumer electronics industry. More than 2,000 companies enjoy the benefits of CEA membership, including legislative advocacy, market research, technical training and education, industry promotion, standards development and the fostering of business and strategic relationships. CEA also owns and produces the International CES – The Global Stage for Innovation. All profits from CES are reinvested into CEA's industry services. Find CEA online: www.CE.org and www.DeclareInnovation.com. Follow CES at www.CESweb.org and through social media: http://facebook.com/InternationalCES, http://twitter.com/IntlCES, http://blog.ce.org/.
2013 International CES
January 8-11, 2013, Las Vegas, NV
Published November 15, 2012 Reads 1,496
Copyright © 2012 SYS-CON Media, Inc. — All Rights Reserved.
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Woohoo! 25 things you gotta do this spring break
It's snow lie, this sweetie's our kind of guy
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Forbidden Arms
Challenge hordes of ninjas in this epic action adventure game.
4.14 / 5.00 43,409 ViewsKeep An Eye
Help strange creatures to bring the eye to a mysterious customer.
3.72 / 5.00 14,655 ViewsBounce bio, as much as you can. You cant catch him hes the clock crew man!
Try and beat my score of 950!
Happy CLAWK DAY YO!!
It's a simple concept, but a lot of fun. The fact that the ball you bounce is a clock makes it all the funnier, somehow, even though it's just a clock... and it's harder than you'd think at the start as well, just bouncing straight up doesn't seem to work in the long run. As for the highscores, they don't seem to be working? I can submit, but not view.
Could have been better
Not much of a game, clicking on the planet with a clock face didn't really work and there wasn't a choice to ignore submitting your score, the laughing track was a nice touch though. Overall the graphics could have been a bit better as well as the gameplay.
Not too creative.
This type of game has been made countless of times before and wasn't really that fun but i'll give you this the layout was made really well and the laugh after you failed was funny,sorry but i really wasn't much into this game. =\
Well I found this submission to be really quite easy. But that really isn't a bad thing at all, the graphics were quite nice and I liked how the background worked well with the submission itself. The gameplay was easy to learn and fun to play and the highscores were cool too, nice work.
okay one
pretty random overall, but happy belated clock day anyways.


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Stocks have rallied 177%, and while calling a top is the easiest thing to do, it might not be the most accurate, Cramer says.
- New California egg law riles chicken producers
The rule requires that eggs come from hens with roomy cages. Five states are suing.
- It's time to start worrying about Costco
This great retail story isn't unraveling yet, but it's picking up some snags.
The new voice-recognition software from Apple can make appointments, answer questions and remind you about your wife's birthday.
But is Siri great enough to torpedo Google's (GOOG) prospects? That's the latest thinking among the tech crowd. "I believe Siri's launch this month spells a future crippling of Google's business," wrote Eric Jackson at Forbes.
If you think ghosts and goblins are scary...
In the spirit of All Hallows Eve, I've compiled a list of five things that should have you spooked -- they certainly spook me.
1.) Unemployment: It's a problem
There is a quote that is often attributed (falsely, in all likelihood) to New Yorker journalist Pauline Kael regarding Nixon's 1972 election victory. She "couldn't believe that Nixon had won" as no one she knew had voted for him. (Despite this, Nixon managed to carry all but one state.)
While the coffee giants cater to different consumers, both are driving sales through innovation and expansion.
By Lindsey Bell, TheStreet
Dunkin' Brands (DNKN) and Starbucks (SBUX) make most of their money selling coffee, but their customer base couldn't be more different. Which has the winning formula? This week's earnings reports will answer that question.
The health of consumers, the engine of the U.S. economy, is investors' biggest concern at the moment.
Tags: | DNKNSBUXTheStreetcom |
Recent studies show plenty of mainstream support for some of the issues that define the protest movement.
By Seth Fiegerman, MainStreet
The Occupy Wall Street protesters were first ignored by the media and then maligned by certain outlets, but more recently a slew of reports and surveys have come out showing the movement may be on to something after all.
As difficult as it may be to nail down exactly what the protesters stand for, much of their attention is devoted to the growing indebtedness of average households, along with the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor, and ultimately the concern that the wealthy are exerting too much control over the political process.
Tags: | TheStreetcom |
This specialized lender provides financing for New York City cab medallions, which are incredibly expensive.
Leon Murstein moved to the United States from Argentina in 1937 and became a New York cab driver, buying his first taxi medallion license for just $10. He then bought more, which he leased to other drivers.
Today, his son and grandson run Medallion Financial (TAXI), which has loaned more than $3 billion to taxi companies to buy medallions that now cost $975,000.
Tags: | The Stock Advisors |
Railroads are likely to lead the markets higher in the weeks ahead, and these three in particular will be good buys on pullbacks.
By Tom Aspray, MoneyShow.com
One key market sector that topped out in May was the Dow Jones Transportation Average ($DJT). It had been a market-leading sector since the 2009 lows, but its weak performance last summer weighed down the overall market.
Norfolk Southern (NSC) reported very strong earnings last week, which helped other railroad stocks surge. The recent report from the Association of American Railroads also helped, as the group reported that so far in 2011, rail traffic is up 1.7% over last year.
Whirpool's earnings missed estimates. Are shares getting pulled under?
By Jonathan Chen, Benzinga Staff Writer
Whirlpool (WHR) reported quarterly earnings last week that were nothing short of shocking, missing Wall Street estimates and sending shares down more than 11% Friday. Shares fell another 1.4% Monday.
Tags: | Benzinga |
The securities firm led by Jon Corzine has plunged in value since making bad bets in Europe.
A securities firm run by former New Jersey Gov. Jon Corzine filed for bankruptcy protection Monday, brought down by risky bets in Europe.
Trading in shares of MF Global (MF) has been halted as the company scrambles to figure out its future. Corzine was trying to find a buyer over the weekend, reports say.
This subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev dominates the fast-growing markets of South America.
Our latest trading recommendation is Brazil's Companhia de Bebidas Das Americas (ABV), commonly known as Ambev.
Ambev, a subsidiary of global brewing company Anheuser-Busch InBev, is the biggest brewery in South America and the fifth-largest brewery in the world.
A lack of sustained direction has led to lots of wavering over the past year.
Are we on the verge of a full-blown bull market?
Maybe, but keep in mind that the past 12 months have seen a multitude of miniature bull markets, all of which hit a wall.
For the first part of the past year, however, the market acted fairly normal. From late October 2010 to Feb. 18, 2011, the S&P 500 "slowly" spiked 13.6%. Then, from March 16 to April 29, the market rallied by 8.5%.
The health insurer guides higher, and the oil company is expected to post a gain.
Humana (HUM), the health insurer, earned $2.54 a share on an adjusted basis in the third quarter, topping analysts' estimates, and it raised guidance for 2011. Analysts were expecting third-quarter profit of $2.03 a share. Humana said it expects earnings in 2011 of $8.35 to $8.40 a share, up from its previous estimate of $7.50 to $7.60 a share.
Anadarko Petroleum (APC) is expected to report third-quarter earnings of 67 cents a share after the markets close, up from 21 cents a share at the same time last year.
Tags: | CGMCRTheStreetcom |
Stocks are clearly in a sustainable rally, as the charts show, but the watchword for new investments is patience.
By Tom Aspray, MoneyShow.com
As we get ready for Halloween, there is once again a group of market followers who are getting tricked, not treated, this year.
After a record-breaking week in the stock market and one of the best October performances since 1974, talk of a double-dip recession has again subsided. This is all too familiar: just over a year ago, in the summer of 2010, the fears of a double-dip recession also dominated the financial press, frightening investors out of the stock market.
The company was confident enough in its position that it was able to hint at expectations for its March quarter.
When you're a fast growing stock with a price-to-earnings ratio of 36 on trailing 12-month earnings, you'd better beat expectations.
Which is exactly what F5 Networks (FFIV) did when it reported earnings for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011 Tuesday. Earnings of $1.06 a share were 8 cents better than the Wall Street consensus. (F5 Networks is a member of my Jubak's Picks portfolio.)
Revenue climbed 24% year-to-year and earnings jumped 40%.
Tags: | FFIV |
Let's take another look at the multiple major agreements in the region.
By Matt Koppenheffer
"I'll make him an offer he can't refuse."
-- Don Corleone, The Godfather
Were Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkozy taking a page out of The Godfather's book? To read some of the press reports about the Greek bond deal reached early this week, it certainly sounds like it.
Private banks, represented by Charles Dallara of the lobbying group The Institute of International Finance, agreed to take a 50% "voluntary" writedown on their Greek bonds. Why would they agree to such a drastic cut? For one thing, there's reality -- it's been very obvious for a long time that given the financial state of Greece, the value of its paper isn't in shouting distance (or maybe even collect-calling distance) of face value.
Investors looking for exposure to Samsung, which has topped Apple as the world's No. 1 seller, can use this fund.
By Don Dion, TheStreet
Samsung released its quarterly earnings Friday, and on the surface the numbers were decent. Despite seeing an earnings dip over the past three months, the company managed to beat analyst expectations.
Digging deeper, however, investors can uncover some impressive news regarding the company's smartphone division. Although Samsung is still considered a relative newcomer to the industry, its products have taken off in popularity.
Tags: | AAPLetfTheStreetcom |
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The solid report comes a month after the retailer closed all of its Canadian operations.
Top Stocks provides analysis about the most noteworthy stocks in the market each day, combining some of the best content from around the MSN Money site and the rest of the Web.
Contributors include professional investors and journalists affiliated with MSN Money.
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[BRIEFING.COM] The stock market finished an upbeat week on a mixed note. The S&P 500 added just over a point, holding its weekly gain at 1.0% while the Nasdaq lost 0.4%.
The major averages began the day on an upbeat note, but relinquished their opening gains during the first 90 minutes of action. The early sentiment was boosted by a better-than-expected nonfarm payrolls report for February (175K versus Briefing.com consensus 163K), but a closer look into the report suggested that ... More
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The annual Tessellar Tulip Festival celebrates spring in the Dandenongs with a month of family and music events, and a blooming showcase of flowers.
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Follow a well-worn road to a relaxing weekend in charming Sassafras, a popular destination for city dwellers since the nineteenth century.
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