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Bernanke testimony to be studied for policy clues
Published: May 22, 2013
Tags: Ben Bernanke, bond-buying program, congress, economic recovery, Federal Reserve, Testimony
When Ben Bernanke testifies about the U.S. economy Wednesday, the Federal Reserve chairman's words will be examined for any clues that the Fed might soon taper — or increase — its support for the economy.
The Fed is pursuing an aggressive program of bond purchases to try to keep long-term interest rates down and encourage borrowing and spending. The Fed has said it plans to continue its $85 billion-a-month in Treasury and mortgage bond purchases until the job market improves substantially.
The timing of any policy shift remains hazy.
Some Fed officials have said the central bank should start to curtail its bond purchases before year's end, so long as the economy has improved. Other officials have suggested the opposite: that the Fed might have to expand its bond buying if the economy needs it.
In recent weeks, the job market and the broader economy have shown renewed vigor. Employers added a solid 165,000 jobs in April and drove down the unemployment rate to a four-year low of 7.5 percent.
The economy has benefited from a resurgent housing market, rising consumer confidence and the Fed's stimulus actions, which have helped ignite a stock market rally. The Standard & Poor's 500 stock index has jumped 17 percent this year to a record high. Higher stock prices tend to make many people feel wealthier and more inclined to spend.
Those gains, in part, are why critics of the bond purchases, including some Fed regional bank presidents, have questioned the need to continue them at their current pace. They argue that keeping interest rates too low for too long could send inflation surging or inflate dangerous bubbles in assets such as stocks or real estate. Such a bubble could burst with the same destabilizing effects that the housing bust caused.
For now, Bernanke commands solid support for the bond purchases among the voting members of the Fed's interest-rate setting committee. At each of the Fed's three policy meetings this year, the committee has approved the purchases 11-1.
Fed officials who support the current level of bond purchases note that the unemployment rate, while improved, remains high even though the Great Recession ended four years ago. They also note that inflation remains lower than the target rate the Fed prefers.
When the Fed next meets June 18-19, some economists say it might signal that it will taper its bond purchases later this year. The June meeting is one of four each year when Bernanke holds a news conference after the Fed's meeting to discuss any policy changes.
Still, comments by two Fed officials Tuesday suggested that the central bank might continue its aggressive economic support — and perhaps expand it.
William Dudley, head of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, said lingering economic uncertainty could lead the Fed to increase the purchases. After its last meeting, a Fed statement signaled concern that tax increases and spending cuts that kicked in this year were slowing the economy.
"I cannot be sure which way — up or down — the next change will be," Dudley, an influential voice on the Fed's policymaking committee, said in a speech. "Over the coming months, how well the economy fights its way through the significant fiscal drag currently in force will be an important aspect of this judgment."
Also Tuesday, James Bullard, president of the St. Louis Fed and a voting member of the interest-rate panel this year, suggested that the Fed should continue its current level of bond purchases.
On Wednesday, a few hours after Bernanke testifies, the Fed will release the minutes of its last meeting on April 30-May 1. The statement the Fed issued after that meeting signaled that it could either increase or decrease the pace of its bond purchases depending on how the job market and inflation fare.
The minutes will be reviewed for hints of how much dissension exists within the Fed about continuing the aggressive stimulus efforts.
Though the job market and retail sales have shown further strength since that meeting, other indicators have encouraged caution. U.S. manufacturing, for example, sagged in April, reflecting in part continued global weakness. Europe, a big export market for U.S. companies, is struggling with a prolonged recession.
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Tom Brady visits Disneyland with family
Posted by Steve Silva, Boston.com Staff
April 21, 2011 05:30 PM
The NFL may be on hiatus, but Brady's keeping busy.
New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady, his son Jack (4), and niece Jordan (5), meet Rapunzel and Flynn Rider of Disney's animated film, "Tangled," while celebrating Jordan's fifth birthday at Disneyland in Anaheim, Calif., on Thursday.
Photos: Paul Hiffmeyer/Disneyland
News, analysis and commentary from the following Boston Globe and Boston.com writers:
- Shalise Manza Young, Globe Patriots reporter
- Zuri Berry, Boston.com writer and producer
- Michael Whitmer, Globe Patriots reporter
- Steve Silva, Boston.com senior producer

subset: commoncrawl


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Moderators: Cyber Bishop, Supreme Convoy, robofreak, Cryhavok
Dead Metal wrote:Dudes, he's Soundwave. The only reason he's even in the Shadowzone is because he was too lazy that day. The moment the Shadowzone starts boring him he'll just walk out of there - because he's Batman Soundwave.
Groove wrote:I'd like to see a new generation of Transformers to be honest.
Wigglez wrote:Just remember. The sword is an extension of your arm. Use it as if you're going to karate chop someone with your really long sharp ass hand.
3.8TransAM wrote:No one mentioned "Good Guys" on Fox
Only lasted a yr God I loved that show.
I would love to see a G1 styled(or god forbid continuation) cartoon for Transformers, no anime influenced garbage or I'm ready to puke due to CGI.
NewFoundStarscreamLuv wrote:me and my friends combine all the time. Sometimes I even combine by myself if no one is around.
Cyber Bishop, Supreme Convoy, robofreak, Cryhavok
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A collection of news and information related to Economy published by this site and its partners.
Top Economy Articles
Displaying items 111-121
The Fed's mission creep
Story | Oct 17, 2012 | 9:42 PMIn the 1920s, in the wee small hours of the mornings, employees at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas sang while they worked. One, Jack Culpepper, went into vaudeville, where he teamed up with a dance partner named Ginger. They married and performed as... -
Obama slanders the 1920s to justify his failures
Story | Oct 31, 2012"When it comes to our foreign policy, you seem to want to import the foreign policies of the 1980s, just like the social policies of the 1950s and the economic policies of the 1920s," President Barack Obama told Mitt Romney in their final debate. Obama... -
Art Callaham: Some suggestions for economic development
Story | May 6, 2012For the past few weeks, there has been a lot of news and editorial space given to our local Economic Development Commission, staff, leadership, County Commissioners, past County Commissioners, old dogs, children and watermelon wine. OK, not the last... -
Letters to the Editor - May 12
Story | May 11, 2012 | 8:55 PMCandidate apologizes for statements made in error To the editor: I would like to formally apologize to Mrs. Cindy Kauffman and her husband, Mayor Skip Kauffman, for incorrectly claiming recently that the mayor had "appointed his wife" to the position of... -
Residents voice views on proposed stadium
Story | May 12, 2012Editor's note: We have received a large number of letters to the editor concerning the proposed multiuse stadium in downtown Hagerstown. To publish as many as we can in a timely fashion, we are dedicating a second Opinion page to letters today.... -
President Obama has steered the nation wisely through troubled times
Story | Nov 2, 2012 | 7:30 AMI was flabbergasted by Stanley Glinka's recent letter criticizing President Obama's performance in office ("Obama made U.S. weaker, more vulnerable," Oct. 31). He obviously lives in a different country than the rest of us. Let me point out that over... -
Congressional candidate profiles
Story | Nov 1, 2012 | 1:48 PMMEET THE CANDIDATES When Marylanders head to the polls Nov. 6, they will elect members of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives in addition to casting their ballots for president. Dozens of people are running for a chance to represent the... -
Without trash fees, Elkhart's mayor calls for drastic budget cuts
Dow, S&P 500 post biggest gains of 2012
Manufacturer asks council to buy back unused land in park
Chicago Fed chief thinks data is in his corner when it comes to changing policy


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cannabis (drug) Cannabis (drug) Cannabis A dried flowered bud of the Cannabis sativa plant. Note the visible trichomes (commonly referred to as crystals), which carry a large portion of the drug content. Scientific classification Kingdom: Division: Class: Order: Family: Genus: Species: Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Rosales Cannabaceae Cannabis C. sativa resinous form, known as hashish,[3] consists primarily of glandular trichomes collected from the same plant material. The major biologically active chemical compound in cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), commonly referred to as THC. Humans' consumption of cannabis predates history.[4] In the 20th century there was a considerable increase in its use for recreational, religious or spiritual, and medicinal purposes. It is estimated that about four percent of the world's adult population (162 million) use cannabis annually and 0.6 percent (22.5 million) daily.[5] The possession, use, or sale of psychoactive cannabis products became illegal in most parts of the world in the early 20th century. Since then, some countries have intensified the enforcement of cannabis prohibition while others have reduced the priority of enforcement. Forms Flowers Binomial name Cannabis sativa Linnaeus Subspecies C. sativa L. subsp. sativa C. sativa L. subsp. indica Cannabis, also known as marijuana[1], marihuana,[2] or ganja (from Nepali/Urdu/Hindi/Sanskrit: ?????/ اجناگgañjā, hemp) refers to any number of preparations of the cannabis plant intended for human consumption as a drug, the most common of which being the natural herbal form. The herbal form of the drug consists of mature female flowers and sub-tending leaves of pistillate (female) plants. The Cannabis flower • Cannabis, Marijuana or ganja: the flowering tops of female plants,[6] from less than 1% THC to 22% THC; the wide range is probably one of the reasons for the conflicting results from different studies. 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Psychoactive potency by cannabis plant part is approximately as follows (descending order):[7] 1. Trichomes 2. Female flowering buds 3. Male flowering buds 4. New shoots 5. Leaves from flower buds 6. Leaves in ascending order of size 7. Stems of leaves (petioles) in ascending order of size 8. Stems in ascending order of size 9. Roots and seeds Cannabis (drug) Hash Oil proportion of cannabinoids (ranging from 40-90%). [10] Hashish Resin Hashish Resin collected from a pipe • Hashish (pressed kief) or charas: a concentrated resin composed of heated glandular trichomes that have been physically extracted,[8] usually by rubbing, sifting, or with ice. Because of THC's adhesive properties, resin builds up inside the paraphernalia when marijuana is smoked. It has tar-like properties but still contains THC as well as other cannibinoids. This resin still has all the psychoactive properties of marijuana but is harsher and less healthy on the lungs. Marijuana users typically only smoke resin as a last resort when they have run out of marijuana flowers.[11] Kief • Moroccan hashish produced in the Rif mountains;[9] • Sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of only the glandular "heads" (often incorrectly referred to as "crystals" or "pollen"); • These trichomes can also be pressed together under pressure to make hashish. Methods of consumption Cannabis is consumed in many different ways, most of which either involve inhaling smoke from ignited plant or administering orally. Various devices exist for smoking cannabis. The most commonly used include screened bowls, bongs, chillums, paperwrapped joints and cigar-leaf-wrapped Hash oil Hash oil, or honey oil, is an essential oil extracted from the cannabis plant through the use of various solvents. It has a high 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cannabis (drug) Smoking cannabis in hot-burning papers is potentially the most harmful method of consuming cannabis-- burning temperature can reach 700°C.=1292°F.°[1] A screened, narrow single-toke utensil, such as the traditional midwakh (shown here) or kiseru, provides low-temperature 25-mg. (1/ 40-g.) servings, avoiding health risk (and THC waste) of hot-burning cigarette papers or big-bowl pipes. 0.02 mmHg pressure, and somewhat higher at standard atmospheric pressure),[12][13] A lower proportion of toxic chemicals are released than by smoking, although this may vary depending on the design of the vaporizer and the temperature at which it is set. This method of consuming cannabis produces markedly different effects than smoking due to the flash points of different cannabinoids; for example, cannabinol has a flash point of 212.7 °C[14] and would normally be present in smoke but might not be present in vapor. As an alternative to smoking, cannabis may be consumed orally. However, the cannabis or its extract must be sufficiently heated or dehydrated to cause A Volcano forced-air Vaporizer blunts. Local methods differ by the preparation of the cannabis plant before use, the parts of the cannabis plant which are used, and the treatment of the smoke before inhalation. The vaporizer heats herbal cannabis to 365–410 °F (185–210 °C), which causes the active ingredients to evaporate into a gas without burning the plant material (the boiling point of THC is 392 °F (200°C) at 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia decarboxylation of its most abundant cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, into psychoactive THC.[15] Cannabis material can be leached in highproof spirits (often grain alcohol) to create a tincture referred to as "Green Dragon". This process is often employed to make use of low-potency stems and leaves. Cannabis can also be consumed as a cannabis tea. THC is lipophilic and only slightly water soluble (with a solubility of 2.8 mg per liter),[16] so tea is made by first dissolving the active components in a fat such as milk, cream, butter, which is mixed with hot water to make a tea. Cannabis (drug) Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main active compound in cannabis psychomotor coordination, concentration, and short-term episodic and working memory.[18] Long-term effects are less clear. Effects Classification While many drugs clearly fall into the category of either stimulant, depressant, hallucinogen, or antipsychotic, cannabis, containing both THC and CBD, exhibits a mix of all properties, leaning towards hallucinogen properties due to THC being the primary constituent.[19][20][21] Health issues The smoking of cannabis is the most harmful method of consumption, since the inhalation of smoke from organic materials such as cannabis, tobacco, and rolling papers can cause various health problems.[22] In comparison, study on cannabis vaporizing found that subjects were "only 40% as likely to report respiratory symptoms as users who do not vaporize, even when age, sex, cigarette use, and amount of cannabis consumed are controlled."[23] Another study found vaporizers to be "a safe and effective cannabinoid delivery system."[24][25] A 2007 study by the Canadian government found cannabis smoke contained more toxic substances than tobacco smoke.[27] The study determined that marijuana smoke contained 20 times more ammonia, and five times more hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides than tobacco smoke. In spite of this, recent studies have been unable to demonstrate a direct link between lung cancer and frequent direct inhalation of marijuana smoke. While many researchers have failed to find a correlation,[28][29] some researchers still conclude that cannabis smoke poses a higher risk of lung cancer than tobacco.[30] Main short-term somatic (bodily) effects of cannabis. Cannabis has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed. The minimum amount of THC required to have a perceptible psychoactive effect is about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight.[17] Aside from a subjective change in perception, the most common short-term physical and neurological effects include increased heart rate, lowered blood pressure, impairment of 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cannabis (drug) Gateway drug theory Further information: Gateway drug theory Some claim that trying cannabis increases the probability that users will eventually use harder drugs. This hypothesis has been one of the central pillars of anti-cannabis drug policy in the United States,[40] though the validity and implications of these hypotheses are highly debated.[41] Studies have shown that tobacco smoking is a better predictor of concurrent illicit hard drug use than smoking cannabis.[42] No widely accepted study has ever demonstrated a cause-and-effect relationship between the use of cannabis and the later use of harder drugs like heroin and cocaine. However, the prevalence of tobacco cigarette advertising and the practice of mixing tobacco and cannabis together in a single large joint, common in Europe, are believed to be a factor in promoting nicotine dependency among young persons investigating cannabis.[43] A 2005 comprehensive review of the literature on the cannabis gateway hypothesis found that pre-existing traits may predispose users to addiction in general, the availability of multiple drugs in a given setting confounds predictive patterns in their usage, and drug sub-cultures are more influential than cannabis itself. The study called for further research on "social context, individual characteristics, and drug effects" to discover the actual relationships between cannabis and the use of other drugs.[44] The main variant of the gateway hypothesis is that people, upon trying cannabis for the first time and not finding it dangerous, are then tempted to try other, harder drugs. In such a scenario, a new user of cannabis who feels there is a difference between anti-drug information and their own experiences will apply this distrust to public information about other, more powerful drugs. Some studies state that while there is no proof for this gateway theory, young cannabis users should still be considered as a risk group for intervention programs.[45] Other findings indicate that hard drug users are likely to be "poly-drug" users, and that interventions must address the use of multiple drugs instead of a single hard drug.[46] Another gateway hypothesis is that while cannabis is not as harmful or addictive as other drugs, a gateway effect may be Comparison of physical harm and dependence regarding various drugs (the British medical journal The Lancet[26]) Some studies have even shown that the nonintoxicating ingredient CBD found in marijuana may be useful in treating breast cancer.[31] Cannabis use has been assessed by several studies to be correlated with the development of anxiety, psychosis, and depression,[32][33]; however, no causal mechanism has been proven, and the meaning of the correlation and its direction is a subject of debate that has not been resolved in the scientific community. Some studies assess that the causality is more likely to involve a path from cannabis use to psychotic symptoms rather than a path from psychotic symptoms to cannabis use,[34] while others assess the opposite direction of the causality, or hold cannabis to only form parts of a "causal constellation", while not inflicting mental health problems that would not have occurred in the absence of the cannabis use.[35][36] Though cannabis use has at times been associated with stroke, there is no firmly established link, and potential mechanisms are unknown.[37] Similarly, there is no established relationship between cannabis use and heart disease, including exacerbation of cases of existing heart disease.[38] Though some fMRI studies have shown changes in neurological function in long term heavy cannabis users, no long term behavioral effects after abstinence have been linked to these changes.[39] 5 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia detected as a result of the "common factors" involved with using any illegal drug. Because of its illegal status, cannabis users are more likely to be in situations which allow them to become acquainted with people who use and sell other illegal drugs.[47][48] By this argument, some studies have shown that alcohol and tobacco may be regarded as gateway drugs.[42] However, a more parsimonious explanation could be that cannabis is simply more readily available (and at an earlier age) than illegal hard drugs, and alcohol/tobacco are in turn easier to obtain earlier than cannabis (though the reverse may be true in some areas), thus leading to the "gateway sequence" in those people who are most likely to experiment with any drug offered.[41] Cannabis (drug) Cannabis was also known to the ancient Assyrians, who discovered its psychoactive properties through the Aryans.[54] Using it in some religious ceremonies, they called it qunubu (meaning "way to produce smoke"), a probable origin of the modern word 'Cannabis'.[55] Cannabis was also introduced by the Aryans to the Scythians and Thracians/Dacians, whose shamans (the kapnobatai—"those who walk on smoke/ clouds") burned cannabis flowers to induce a state of trance.[56] Members of the cult of Dionysus, believed to have originated in Thrace (Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey), are also thought to have inhaled cannabis smoke. In 2003, a leather basket filled with cannabis leaf fragments and seeds was found next to a 2,500- to 2,800-year-old mummified shaman in the northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.[57][58] History The use of cannabis, at least as fiber, has been shown to go back at least 10,000 years in Taiwan.[49] Má (Pinyin pronunciation), the Chinese expression for hemp, is a pictograph of 2 plants under a shelter.[50] Evidence of the inhalation of cannabis smoke can be found as far back as the 3rd millennium BC as indicated by charred cannabis seeds found in a ritual brazier at an ancient burial site in present day Romania.[4] The most famous users of cannabis were the ancient Hindus of India and Nepal. The herb was called ganjika in Sanskrit (?????/????? ganja in modern Indic languages).[51][52] The ancient drug soma, mentioned in the Vedas as a sacred intoxicating hallucinogen, was sometimes associated with cannabis.[53] Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, 512 A.D. Cannabis has an ancient history of ritual use and is found in pharmacological cults around the world. Hemp seeds discovered by archaeologists at Pazyryk suggest early ceremonial practices like eating by the Scythians occurred during the 5th to 2nd century BCE, confirming previous historical reports by Herodotus.[59] One writer has claimed that cannabis was used as a religious sacrament by ancient Jews and early Christians[60] due 6 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia to the similarity between the Hebrew word qannabbos (cannabis) and the Hebrew phrase qené bósem (aromatic cane). It was used by Muslims in various Sufi orders as early as the Mamluk period, for example by the Qalandars.[61] Cannabis became illegal in the USA in 1937 due to Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 . Several theories try to explain why it is illegal in most Western societies. Jack Herer, a cannabis legalization activist and writer, argues that the economic interests of the paper and chemical industry were a driving force to make it illegal. [62][63][64] Another explanation is that beneficial effects of hemp would lower the profit of pharmaceutical companies which therefore have a vital interest to keep cannabis illegal.[65] Those economic theories were criticized for not taking social aspect into account. The illegalization was rather a result of racism directed to associate American immigrants of Mexican and African descent with cannabis abuse.[66] Today, recreational use in the Western world drives a sizable demand for the drug. Cannabis is the largest cash crop in the United States, generating an estimated $36 billion market.[67] Most of the money is spent not on growing and producing but on smuggling the supply to buyers. The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction reports that typical retail prices in Europe for cannabis varies from 2€ to 14€ per gram, with a majority of European countries reporting prices in the range 4–10€.[68] The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime claims in its 2008 World Drug Report that typical US retail prices are 15 dollars per gram (approximately $430 per ounce).[69] Cannabis (drug) investigations into the medical uses of cannabinoids.[70] Comparable authorities in Western Europe, including the Netherlands, have not approved smoked cannabis for any condition or disease. In a collection of writings on medical marijuana by 45 researchers, a literature review on the medicinal uses of cannabis and cannabinoids concluded that established uses include easing of nausea and vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss; "well-confirmed effect" was found in the treatment of spasticity, painful conditions (i.e. neurogenic pain), movement disorders, asthma, and glaucoma. Reported but "less-confirmed" effects included treatment of allergies, inflammation, infection, epilepsy, depression, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorder, dependency and withdrawal. Basic level research was being carried out at the time on autoimmune disease, cancer, neuroprotection, fever, disorders of blood pressure.[71] Clinical trials conducted by the American Marijuana Policy Project, a pro-cannabis organization, have shown the efficacy of cannabis as a treatment for cancer and AIDS patients, who often suffer from clinical depression, and from nausea and resulting weight loss due to chemotherapy and other aggressive treatments.[72] A synthetic version of the cannabinoid THC named dronabinol has been shown to relieve symptoms of anorexia and reduce agitation in elderly Alzheimer's patients.[73] Dronabinol has been approved for use with anorexia in patients with HIV/AIDS and chemotherapy-related nausea. This drug, while demonstrating the effectiveness of cannabis at combating several disorders, is more expensive and less available than "pot" and has not been shown to be effective or safe.[74] Glaucoma, a condition of increased pressure within the eyeball causing gradual loss of sight, can be treated with medical marijuana to decrease this intraocular pressure. There has been debate for 25 years on the subject. Some data exist, showing a reduction of IOP in glaucoma patients who smoke cannabis,[75] but the effects are shortlived, and the frequency of doses needed to sustain a decreased IOP can cause systemic toxicity. There is also some concern over its use since it can also decrease blood flow to the optic nerve. Marijuana lowers IOP by acting on a cannabinoid receptor on the ciliary body called the CB receptor.[76] Although Medical use A synthetic form of one chemical in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is used as a treatment for a wide range of medical conditions. In the United States, although the FDA does acknowledge that "there has been considerable interest in its use for the treatment of a number of conditions, including glaucoma, AIDS wasting, neuropathic pain, treatment of spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis, and chemotherapy-induced nausea," the agency has not approved "medical marijuana". The FDA does facilitate scientific 7 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia cannabis is not a good therapeutic choice for glaucoma patients, it may lead researchers to more effective, safer treatments. A promising study shows that agents targeted to ocular CB receptors can reduce IOP in glaucoma patients who have failed other therapies.[77] Medical cannabis is also used for analgesia, or pain relief. It is also reported to be beneficial for treating certain neurological illnesses such as epilepsy, and bipolar disorder.[78] Case reports have found that cannabis can relieve tics in people with obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome. Patients treated with tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive chemical found in cannabis, reported a significant decrease in both motor and vocal tics, some of 50% or more.[79][80][81] Some decrease in obsessive-compulsive behavior was also found.[79] A recent study has also concluded that cannabinoids found in cannabis might have the ability to prevent Alzheimer's disease.[82] THC has been shown to reduce arterial blockages.[83] Another potential use for medical cannabis is movement disorders. cannabis is frequently reported to reduce the muscle spasms associated with multiple sclerosis; this has been acknowledged by the Institute of Medicine, but it noted that these abundant anecdotal reports are not well-supported by clinical data. Evidence from animal studies suggests that there is a possible role for cannabinoids in the treatment of certain types of epileptic seizures.[84] A synthetic version of the major active compound in cannabis, THC, is available in capsule form as the prescription drug dronabinol (Marinol) in many countries. The prescription drug Sativex, an extract of cannabis administered as a sublingual spray, has been approved in Canada for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.[85] Cannabis (drug) Cannabis plant the potency of cannabis since the late 1960s and early '70s, when Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol was discovered and understood. However, potent seedless marijuana such as "Thai sticks" were already available at that time. In fact, the sinsemilla technique of producing high-potency cannabis has been practiced in India for centuries. Sinsemilla (Spanish for "without seed") is the dried, seedless inflorescences of female cannabis plants. Because THC production drops off once pollination occurs, the male plants (which produce little THC themselves) are eliminated before they shed pollen to prevent pollination. Advanced cultivation techniques such as hydroponics, cloning, high-intensity artificial lighting, and the sea of green method are frequently Demographics Further information: Adult lifetime cannabis use by country, Annual cannabis use by country New breeding and cultivation techniques It is often claimed by growers and breeders of herbal cannabis that advances in breeding and cultivation techniques have increased 8 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia employed as a response (in part) to prohibition enforcement efforts that make outdoor cultivation more risky. These intensive horticultural techniques have made it possible to grow strains with fewer seeds and higher potency. It is often cited that the average levels of THC in cannabis sold in United States rose dramatically between the 1970s and 2000, but such statements are likely skewed because of undue weight given to much more expensive and potent, but less prevalent samples.[86] "Skunk" cannabis is a potent strain of cannabis, grown through selective breeding and usually hydroponics, that is a cross-breed of Cannabis sativa and C. indica. Skunk cannabis potency ranges usually from 6% to 15% and rarely as high as 20%. The average THC level in coffeehouses in the Netherlands is about 18–19%.[87] In revisions to cannabis rescheduling in the UK, the government has rescheduled cannabis back from C to B. One of the purported reasons is the high-potency cannabis.[88] A Dutch double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study examining male volunteers aged 18–45 years with a self-reported history of regular cannabis use concluded that smoking of cannabis with high THC levels (marijuana with 9–23% THC), as currently sold in coffee shops in the Netherlands, may lead to higher THC bloodserum concentrations. This is reflected by an increase of the occurrence of impaired psychomotor skills, particularly among younger or inexperienced cannabis smokers, who do not adapt their smoking-style to the higher THC content.[89] High THC concentrations in cannabis was associated with a dose-related increase of physical effects (such as increase of heart rate, and decrease of blood pressure) and psychomotor effects (such as reacting more slowly, being less concentrated, making more mistakes during performance testing, having less motor control, and experiencing drowsiness). It was also observed during the study that the effects from a single joint at times lasted for more than eight hours. Reaction times remained impaired five hours after smoking, when the THC serum concentrations were significantly reduced, but still present. The researchers suggested that THC may accumulate in blood-serum when cannabis is smoked several times per day. Cannabis (drug) Another study showed that consumption of 15 mg of Δ9-THC resulted in no learning whatsoever occurring over a three-trial selective reminding task after two hours. In several tasks, Δ9-THC increased both speed and error rates, reflecting "riskier" [90] speed–accuracy trade-offs. Various strains of cannabis Further information: Cannabis strains There are hundreds of named strains of Cannabis, but their origins (particularly the drug varieties) are often shrouded in mystery. The names of many legendary strains, such as Panama Red and Purple Haze, are ubiquitous in the pop-culture, but the origins of some of these infamous strains, such as G-13, are acknowledged to be urban legends, and some people even doubt their existence.[91] Strains of Cannabis: • Acapulco gold • BC Bud • Cinderella 99 • Chocolate Thai • Panama Red • G-13 • Kush • Northern Lights • Purple Haze • Quebec Gold • White Widow The names of some strains have become embedded in the mass culture. For example, Chocolate Thai,[92] which was popular in the early 1990s due to its supposed high potency,[93] was adopted as the stage name of a jazz performer whose album The Real McCoy was released in 2006.[94] It should be noted, however, that because there is no state control over the production or sale of Cannabis, many "strains" may in fact be just marketing brands adopted by drug dealers to increase sales. Legal status See also: Drug prohibition and Drug liberalization Since the beginning of the 20th century, most countries have enacted laws against the cultivation, possession, or transfer of cannabis for recreational use. These laws have impacted adversely on the cannabis plant's 9 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cannabis (drug) Gnostic Christian sects have asserted that cannabis is the Tree of Life.[100][101] Other organized religions founded in the 20th century that treat cannabis as a sacrament are the THC Ministry,[102] the Way of Infinite Harmony, Cantheism,[103] the Cannabis Assembly[104] and the Church of Cognizance. Truth serum 1935 propaganda sheet cultivation for non-recreational purposes, but there are many regions where, under certain circumstances, handling of cannabis is legal or licensed. Many jurisdictions have lessened the penalties for possession of small quantities of cannabis, so that it is punished by confiscation or a fine, rather than imprisonment, focusing more on those who traffic the drug on the black market. In some areas where cannabis use has been historically tolerated, some new restrictions have been put in place, such as the closing of coffee shops near the borders of the Netherlands,[95] closing of coffees shops near secondary schools in the Netherlands and crackdowns on "Pusher Street" in Christiania, Copenhagen in 2004.[96][97] Some jurisdictions use free voluntary treatment programs and/or mandatory treatment programs for frequent known users. Simple possession can carry long prison terms in some countries, particularly in East Asia, where the sale of cannabis may lead to a sentence of life in prison or even execution. Cannabis female flowers closeup with trichomes (white). These plant parts contain the highest concentration of psychoactive compounds. Cannabis was used as a truth serum by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), a US government intelligence agency formed during World War II. In the early 1940s, it was the most effective truth drug developed at the OSS labs at St. Elizabeths Hospital; it caused a subject "to be loquacious and free in his impartation of information."[105] In May 1943, Major George Hunter White, head of OSS counter-intelligence operations in the US, arranged a meeting with Augusto Del Gracio, an enforcer for gangster Lucky Luciano. Del Gracio was given cigarettes spiked with THC concentrate from cannabis, and subsequently talked openly about Luciano's heroin operation. On a second occasion the dosage was increased such that Del Gracio passed out for two hours.[105] Religious use In India and Nepal, cannabis has been used by some of the wandering Hindu spiritual sadhus for centuries, and in modern times the Rastafari movement has embraced it as a sacrament.[98] Elders of the modern religious movement known as the Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church consider cannabis to be the Eucharist, claiming it as an oral tradition from Ethiopia dating back to the time of Christ, even though the movement was founded in the United States in 1975 and has no ties to either Ethiopia or the Coptic Church.[99] Like the Rastafari, some modern Adulterants Adulterants in cannabis are less common than in other drugs of abuse. Chalk (in the Netherlands) and glass particles (in the UK) have been used at times to make cannabis appear to be higher quality.[106][107][108] Increasing the weight of hashish products in 10 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Germany with lead caused lead intoxication in at least 29 users.[109] In the Netherlands two chemical analogs of Sildenafil (Viagra) were found in adulterated marihuana.[110] Occasionally, claims have been made that a 'hard drug' (such as heroin or cocaine) is added to cannabis, possibly in order to get the users addicted to a drug that is less addictive. However, this is considered a myth as the 'hard drugs' usually cost more gramfor-gram than 'soft drugs' so the dealer would lose money on such an operation. Cannabis (drug) [5] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2006), "Cannabis: Why we should care" (PDF), World Drug Report (S.l.: United Nations) 1, ISBN 9-2114-8214-3, http://www.unodc.org/pdf/WDR_2006/ wdr2006_chap2_biggest_market.pdf, retrieved on 2006-10-10 p. 14. [6] "Marijuana- Definitions from Dictionary.com". dictionary.reference.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ Marijuana. Retrieved on 2008-06-23. [7] "Marijuana Potency". 220.127.116.11. http://126.96.36.199/ search?q=cache:XN8MfdrQC5MJ:www.greenmanspa Cannabis plant guides/ • Cannabis strains thcpotency.html+cannabis+plant+parts+by+potenc • Hemp Retrieved on 2008-07-13. • Hemp oil (a cannabis food product, [8] "Hashish - Definitions from industrial feed stock, and biofuel Dictionary.com". precursor) dictionary.reference.com. • Marijuana (etymology) http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ • THC Hashish. Retrieved on 2008-06-23. Health [9] Zijlma, Anouk. "Smoking hashish in • Cannabis use disorders Morocco". About.com. • Medical Cannabis http://goafrica.about.com/od/morocco/a/ Cannabis policy moroccokif.htm. Retrieved on • 1937 Marihuana Tax Act 2007-02-27. • Cannabis political parties [10] "Hash oil info". http://www.a1b2c3.com/ • Global Marijuana March drugs/hash005.htm. Retrieved on • International Opium Convention 2009-05-11. • Legal and medical status of cannabis [11] "Pipe Residue Information". • Legality of cannabis by country http://www.cannabisculture.com/v2/ • Marijuana Control, Regulation, and articles/3603.html. Retrieved on Education Act 2004-08-25. • Marijuana Policy Project [12] "Air Temperature Table". • National Organization for the Reform of http://www.webcitation.org/5g6b2TjN3. Marijuana Laws Retrieved on 2007-09-22. . Volcanotm Operating Manual. Storz & Bickel, Tuttlingen, Germany. [13] 1989. The Merck Index, 11th ed., Merck [1] Compact Oxford Dictionary definition & Co., Rahway, New Jersey. [2] derived from the Spanish, also spelled [14] http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical"mariguana", which is of unknown origin Structure.2447.html ( Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries. [15] "Does marijuana have to be heated to p. 142. http://books.google.com/ become psychoactive?" books?id=VTYBbGybtNEC&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=%2Bmarijuana+%2B%22spanish+word%22 [16] "ChemIDplus Lite". chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. GNnDA2APJX7BUCM&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result. ) http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/ [3] Matthew J. Atha - Independent Drug ProxyServlet?objectHandle=Search&actionHandle=g Monitoring Unit. "Types of Cannabis Retrieved on 2008-08-08. Available in the UK". [17] http://www.marijuanalibrary.org/ http://www.idmu.co.uk/can.htm. brain2.txt Retrieved on 2007-09-13. [18] Riedel G, Davies SN (2005). [4] ^ Rudgley, Richard (1998). Lost "Cannabinoid function in learning, Civilisations of the Stone Age. New York: memory and plasticity". Handb Exp Free Press. ISBN 0-6848-5580-1. 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Retrieved on 2007-09-13. • Louise Arsenault, Mary Cannon, Richie [100]Zion Light Ministry". " Poulton, Robin Murray, Avshalom Caspi, http://rastafari.tribe.net/thread/ and Terrie E. Moffitt (2002). "Cannabis 0838144c-cce9-45ac-982b-5f0e5fccd07d. use in adolescence and risk for adult Retrieved on 2007-08-20. psychosis: longtudinal prospective study" [101] hris Bennett, Lynn & Osburn, Judy C (PDF). British Medical Journal 325: 1212 – Osburn (1938). Green Gold: the Tree of 1213. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1212. LifeMarijuana in Magic & Religion. PMID 12446537. http://www.ukcia.org/ Access Unlimited. p. 418. ISBN research/ 0-9629-8722-0. CannabisUseInAdolescenceAndRiskForAdultPsychosis [102]The Hawai'i Cannabis Ministry". " Retrieved on 2009-04-17. http://www.thc-ministry.org/. Retrieved • Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Mary on 2007-09-13. Cannon, Joseph McClay, Robin Murray, [103]Cantheism". http://www.ebeneezer.net/ " HonaLee Harrington, Alan Taylor, Louise ritual/vegetable/offsite/Cantheist.html. Arsenault, Ben Williams, Antony Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Braithwaite, Richie Poulton, and Ian W. [104]Cannabis Assembly". " Craig (2005). "Moderation of the effect of http://www.cannabisassembly.org/. adult-onset cannabis use on adult Retrieved on 2007-09-13. psychosis by a functional polymorphism in [105] Alexander Cockburn; Jeffrey St. Clair ^ the Catchol-O-Methyltransferase gene: (1998). Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and Longitudinal evidence of a gene X the Press. Verso. pp. 117–118. ISBN environment interaction" (PDF). Biol 1859841392. http://books.google.co.uk/ Psychiatry 25: 1117 – 1127. books?id=s5qIj_h_PtkC&printsec=frontcover#PPA118,M1. http://www.ukcia.org/research/ Retrieved on 2009-04-17. COMTgene.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-04-17. [106]Electronenmicroscopisch onderzoek van " • Henderson, Mark (2005-04-12). "One in vervuilde wietmonsters". four at risk of cannabis psychosis". The http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/ Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/ digitaaldepot/BriefrapportWiet.pdf. news/uk/article1078876.ece. [107]Department of Health, Social Services " • Bruce Mirken and Neel Makwana (Aston and Public Safety - Contamination of Birmingham): "Psychosis, Hype And herbal or 'skunk-type' cannabis with Baloney". AlterNet. 2005-03-07. glass beads". http://www.alternet.org/drugreporter/ http://www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/ 21436/. Retrieved on 2009-04-17. hss_md_3-2007.pdf. • James Huff and Po Chan (October 2000). [108]Department of Health, Social Services " "Antitumor Effects of THC". and Public Safety - Update on seizures of Environmental Health Perspectives 108 cannabis contaminated with glass (10): Correspondence. PMID 11097557. particles". http://www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/ http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2000/ hss_md_11-2007__update.pdf. 108-10/correspondence.html#thc. [109] usse F, Omidi L, Timper K, et al. (April B • Booth, Martin (2005). Cannabis: A 2008). "Lead poisoning due to History. New York: Thomas Dunne Books/ adulterated marijuana". N. Engl. J. Med. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-32220-8. 358 (15): 1641–2. doi:10.1056/ • Long term impact of Cannabis use of NEJMc0707784. PMID 18403778. 16 year olds "Long-term impact of the [110] enhuis BJ, de Kaste D (November V Gatehouse Project on Cannabis use of 2008). "Sildenafil analogs used for 16-year-olds in Australia. (Research adulterating marihuana". Forensic Sci. Papers)". journal of school health. Int. 182 (1-3): e23–4. doi:10.1016/ 2004-01-01. http://www.highbeam.com/ j.forsciint.2008.09.002. PMID 18945564. doc/1G1-113852471.html. • Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 • Muller-Esnault, Susuan, DVM. "Marijuana Toxicity in Pets." (2008) http://www.critterology.com/ marijuana_toxicity_in_pets-120.html Further reading 16 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cannabis (drug) • Comprehensive Cannabis Faqs and Marijuana information • University of Maryland, CECAR: Marijuana External links • Wiktionary appendix of cannabis slang • Marijuana Policy Project • National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" Categories: Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants, Medicinal use of cannabis, Cannabis, Medicinal plants This page was last modified on 20 May 2009, at 20:07 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers 17
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What is 1H NMR SPECTRUM OF DIETHYLAMINE?
- 109-89-7 - Catalog of Chemical Suppliers
... nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR), bp, mp, nd20, molecular formula (MF), molfile, sdf file, structure, 3d model. You will also find information ... 1: H acceptor: 1: Rotatable bond: 2: Stereocenter: 0: cLogP: 0.844: cLogS ... Diethylamine.. on request: AcrosOrganics: Diethylamine, 99 ...
Solvent Effects on Proton
Chemical Shifts of Macrocyclic ...
ethylaniline and diethylamine, were measured in twelve solvents. Every ... Therefore, chemical shifts in 1H nmr spectroscopy owing to a solvent effect are not thoroughly explained by use of g2, E and ET values. Special thanks are due to the Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyushu ...
Public database of
- Acorn
Public database of NMR spectra . ... 1 H spectra 2_propanol diethylamine diisopropylamine dimethylamine N_methylmorpholine ... See also: Collection of 1D and 2D 1H and 13C FIDs and spectra. Pacific Lutheran University has a collection of FIDs and spectra. Acorn NMR Inc. 7670 Las Positas Rd ...
Solvent Impurities - University of Rochester
... (especially 1H); results ... 1Hand13Cchemical shiftsofwhatare,inourexperience,themostpopular "extra peaks" in a variety of commonly used NMR solvents,inthehopethatthiswillbeofassistanceto ... the spectrum. We also report the chemical shifts of sodiumformate(171.67ppm ...
-toluamide (DEET) and its Identification by IR and
Eim A ...
... a thick white cloud of diethylamine hydrochloride was formed. After complete ... 1H-NMR (CDCl 3): δ 7.3 – 7.1 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 3.53 (q, 2H, ... N,N -diethyl-m-toluamide was demonstrated by its IR and 1H-NMR spectra. REFERENCES 1. Pavia, D. L.; Lampman, G. M.; Kriz, G. S.; ...
Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves by Steam Distillation and ...
... 1700 cm-1.6 The product will also be analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy as a solution in CDCl3. ... Thionyl chloride Yes (Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 500 ppm/1H) Yes No No Diethylamine No Yes Yes (Fp-28 oC ( -18.40 oF)) No Diethyl ether No No Yes (Fp:-45 oC ( -49 oF)) No Sodium hydroxide, 10% aq No ...
of diethylamine
-functionalized soybean oil ...
Diethylamine and ZnCl2 were found to be the best. NMR, IR, and nitrogen analysis were used to characterize the products. 0 0 · ... Classification of vegetable oils based on their concentration of saturated fatty acids using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
aided elucidation of products derived from ...
The 1 H NMR spectrum and HPLC chromatogram after 26 min irradiation showed that there was significant amount of unreacted starting material left in the reaction mixture. ... Diethylamine (1.0 mL, 9.67 mmol) ...
Experiment 8.
. Procedure
... Using 1 H NMR, spectra of a few molecules should be taken and corresponding compounds identified; ... diethylamine (CDCl 3) 2-propanol (CDCl 3) 1,4-dimethylbenzene (CDCl 3) ... Take 1 H NMR in the range 10 ppm to 8 ppm every 3 min ...
Synthesis and characterization of model compounds for ...
Synthesis and characterization of model compounds for carbazole-substituted N-acylated linear polyethylenimine (PEI). Synthesis and 1 H-NMR spectra of N-acylated diethylamine and N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine containing 9-carbazolylacetyl, (R,S)- or (R)-2-(9-carbazolyl)propanoyl groups
Chapter 10: Problems in Interpreting Infrared and
Nuclear ...
1H NMR spectroscopy tells us very little about the functional groups present in a molecule. Learn more about Chapter 10: Problems in Interpreting Infrared and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra on GlobalSpec.
Amine Peak at Askives - Askives - Answers to your questions
NMR Spectroscopy - Michigan State University Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 1. ... (also Hydrogen-1 NMR, or 1 H NMR) ... amines - University of Colorado Boulder The spectrum of diethylamine is below.
-Practice Exercises)
1H NMR, infrared and mass spectra for this compound are shown below. ... Diethylamine 9. m/e = 182 182/12 = 14 C , 14 H C 14 H 14 D.U. = 14 – 14/2 + 1 = 8 ( 2 benzene ring) Diethylbenzene 10. a) 2 b) 2 c) 11. Use IR ...
1 H NMR : δ 1.0 (broad, t ... 1.15 ( t, 6 H) , δ 2.65 ( qt., 4H) 9. The mass spectrum of a hydrocarbon shows a molecular ion at m/z =182, and the 1 H NMR spectrum has two . signals ... ( amine C – N ( CH3 – CH2 – NH – CH2 – CH3 Diethylamine. 9. m/e = 182 ( 182/12 = 14 ...
Colorimetric detection of aliphatic primary amines and a ...
Diethylamine (0.21 mL, 2.10 mmol) was added to the mixture and stirred for 4 h at room temperature. ... 1 H NMR spectra of 6-hydroxynaphthacenequinone 7 isolated from a photochemical reaction (B) and from an independent chemical synthesis (C).
sample would result in the disappearance of any peaks in the 1H NMR spectrum arising from N-H groups. 20)While tertiary ammonium cations are stabilized to a greater degree by electron donation, ... than the sp3 orbital of the lone pair in diethylamine. 24) ...
Expt #6. Part 2. Preparation of DEET and VT
Study of ...
Variable temperature 1H NMR will be used to determine the effect of amide resonance on ... Carefully add 5 mmol of diethylamine hydrochloride. ... Obtain the proton NMR spectrum and, if you have enough material, also the IR spectrum. Variable Temperature (VT) ...
Structure and reactivity of thiazolium azo dyes: UV-visible ...
... resonance Raman, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, allied with density functional theory ... raising the pH of an aqueous solution of 1a to ca. 11.5 show that the dominant initial step in the reaction is loss of diethylamine to produce a quinonimine (ca. hours), with subsequent reactions ...
Chemistry 626 > Benson > Notes > Chapter 21 Extra | StudyBlue
... Using 1 H NMR spectroscopy, how can you tell the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone? A. ... Ethylamine, mild acid B. Diethylamine, mild acid C. Diethylamine, strong acid D. Diethylamine, NaOMe 32. What is the missing reagent in the reaction below? A. A B. B C. C D ...
, 25. Terpolymerization of glycine-NCA ...
15 N NMR spectroscopy, 25. ... diethylamine, triethylamine, ... Leu-NCA and Val-NCA was carried out. 400 MHz 1 H NMR spectra and natural abundance 36,48 MHz 15 N NMR spectra of the resulting copolypeptides were measured in trifluoroacetic acid.
- Learn Chemistry Wiki
Chemistry educational resource for Diethylamine (standard InChIKey HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N) ☰ MENU; Home; Publishing; ... Spectra: ChemSpider (1 H NMR), NMRShiftDB 13 C NMR, also check on SDBS. Add Spectra .
Full text of "Trends in the proton
of some amine ...
Full text of "Trends in the proton NMR spectra of some amine-haloboranes: steric effects" ...
Unexpected one-pot synthesis of 2,4-dialkylthiopentanedials ...
diethylamine leads to the corresponding 2-functional substituted propenals.1 However, α- ... lowest. 1H NMR spectra of dials 5 allows them to be identified as a mixture of diastereoisomers in the ratio 1:1-2.
Application of
and Mass spectrometry in the ...
Q Water and add 1 mL of diethylamine, pH adjusted to 7.5 with acetic acid. Solvent – A 100% Buffer Solvent – B 20: 80 (v/v) buffer : Methanol Gradient Program ... The overlaid 1H NMR spectra of DP-II and Nizatidine are shown in Figure 3.12 for comparison. In the aromatic region ...
hydrochloride - 660-68-4 - Catalog of Chemical ...
... (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR), bp, mp, nd20, molecular formula (MF), molfile, sdf file, structure, 3d model. You will also find information ... 1: H acceptor: 1: Rotatable bond: 2: Stereocenter: 0: cLogP: 0 ... Diethylamine hydrochloride: on request: wirtz: Diethylamine ...
109-89-7 properties reference
Guidchem offer qualified suppliers for Diethylamine (CAS NO.109-89-7) ,Find latest products of Diethylamine ... (Johnson and Jankowski, Carbon-13 NMR Spectra, John Wiley & Sons, New York ... XLogP3:0.6 H-Bond Donor:1 H-Bond Acceptor:1 Rotatable Bond Count:2 Exact Mass:73.089149
Experiment B Catalysis Spring 2014 - Rutgers University, Newark
excess phosphite in the presence of diethylamine as shown below. NiCl26H2O + 5P(OEt)3 + 2HNEt2 Ni{P(OEt)3}4 (1) + 2(H2NEt2)Cl + (EtO)3PO + 5H2O Q1. Why is ... Measure the 1H and 31P NMR spectra of this sample immediately, be sure that the 1H
Chemistry 21 Review Questions for the Final Exam
i. forms of diethylamine which predominate at pH 2, pH ... Indicate how you would use the indicated type of spectroscopy to distinguish between each of the ... a. ethyl acetate and methyl propanoate (1 H NMR) b. butanoic acid and methyl propanoate (IR) c. ortho, meta and para dichlorobenzene (13 ...
Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves by Steam Distillation and ...
... and its Identification by IRand NMR Spectroscopy[h1] EimA ... ? Carcinogenic? m-Toluic acid No No No No Thionyl chloride Yes (Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 500 ppm/1H) Yes No No Diethylamine No Yes Yes (Fp ... N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide was demonstrated by its IRand 1H-NMR spectra.
uv-visible: Topics by Science.gov
Note: This page contains sample records for the topic 1h nmr uv-visible from Science.gov. While these samples are representative of the content of Science.gov, they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
Assessment of isolated electronic effects on conformation ...
... the exact analysis of the high field 1 H NMR spectra of nicotine ( 1), N ... (diethylamine, N-ethyl-2-fluoroethylamine, N-ethyl-2,2-difluoroamine, and N-ehtyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine) which constitute substructure models of 1-4. These calculations confirm the NMR results in ...
Tandem Aldol-Michael Reactions in Aqueous
Medium ...
The NMR spectra confirmed the absence of the methylene proton of the ... 1. H-NMR also have shown a singlet signal at δ 17.64 pmm, ... Tandem Aldol-Michael Reactions in Aqueous Diethylamine Medium: A Greener and Efficient Approach to Bis-Pyrimidine Derivatives
Expt 5 - Chemistry 351 - Spring 2013 - Winona State University
... will be reacted with diethylamine hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide to form the common ... Obtain the proton NMR spectrum and, if you have enough material, also the ... consider a hypothetical molecule with two nonequivalent methyl groups with 1 H NMR chemical shifts of 1.0 and 1.5 ...
... -phenoxy)- -propyl]-diethylamine, Form I, having a solid state 13 C NMR spectrum comprising peaks at ... 4-yl}-phenoxy)- -propyl]-diethylamine, Form I, having a Raman spectrum comprising peaks at 335 ... approximately 1.5 T 1 H. The spectrum was referenced using an ...
- Scribd
... 39 Chapter 4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ... Figure 2.20 Mass spectrum of diethylamine. 20 PRACTICAL SPECTROSCOPY 86 Intensity 30 101 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 ... The 1H NMR Spectrum In its simplest form, ...
S. E. Esipov
NMR Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical ... Identification of Cephalosporin Antibiotics by Means of 1H NMR Spectroscopy. V. S. KARTASHOV, A. I. CHERNYSHEV, R. D ... Journal: Cheminform, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 339-339, 1991. Diethylamine and triethylamine as sources of the dienophile component in the ...
Supporting Information for Aerobic oxidative N-dealkylation ...
1. H NMR spectra . were recorded on a Bruker AV-400 spectrometer and variant temperature . 1. H NMR spectra on a ... O. Trace amount of diethylamine and (TSPP)Rh. I. were already formed during NMR deuterium lock and shimming. (Figure 1S, A)
METHODS OF EVALUATING PEPTIDE MIXTURES - Patent application
... depolymerizing the sample to liberate diethylamine from one or more polypeptides having a diethylamide moiety bound to a C-terminus thereof ... [0132]Using the 1D 1 H NMR spectrum, ...
METHODS OF EVALUATING PEPTIDE MIXTURES - Shriver, Zachary
... depolymerizing the sample to liberate diethylamine from one or more polypeptides having a diethylamide moiety bound to a C-terminus thereof, ... FIG. 6 is the 1D 1 H NMR spectrum for glatiramer acetate with suppression of the residual solvent signal.
Simple Accordion with CSS & jQuery by Soh Tanaka
(600 ml., 5.82 moles) of diethylamine (Note 9) is cautiously (Note 10) ... The 1 H NMR spectrum of the product obtained by the checkers revealed the presence of 6 ± 2% of tetrahydrofuran. 9. Diethylamine is available from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.
Synthetic utility of bifunctional thiophene derivatives and ...
The 1H NMR spectrum of 10b exhibited signals at d = 6.90 (exchangeable NH 2 protons) and 9.10 and 11.50 ppm ... (10 mmol), and diethylamine (10 mmol) was heated at 70 C with stirring in 20 cm3 absolute ethanol for 4 h. The reaction mixture was left overnight in a refrigerator at 0 C. The solid ...
Synthesis of o-Sulfamidotriazobenzenes from 1,1 -Sulfonylbis ...
The 1H NMR spectrum of 2a showed the disappearance of the characteristic Bt signals in the aromatic ... 1H-benzotriazole (3b), 1-(morpholine-4-sulfonyl)1H-benzotria-zole (3c), and 1-(diethylamine-1-sulfonyl)-1H-benzotriazole (3d) (7%, 11%, and 0%, respectively) (Table 1).
Of Amines - Askives Docs
... papers or essays. #16 Introduction to IR and NMR Spectroscopy. ... x IR Spectroscopy of Amines x 1H NMR Spectroscopy of Amines 23-5 ... How might one distinguish a sample of n-butylamine from a sample of diethylamine using IR spectroscopy? 19) ...
Antifungal molecule 2-(3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-
-pyrrol-2 ...
... infra-red, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biological assays selected from the ... Acetone: Diethylamine (5.0:4.0:1.0 ... to endo-nitrogen atom was resulted out due to absence of any signal between .delta.2.0 and .delta.3.0 in the .sup.1 H NMR spectrum.
Assignment 5 Answers - University of Ottawa
1H NMR spectrum: singlet, ! 1.6 singlet, ! 3.1 multiplet, ! 7.2 (5H) The most likely structure for the compound is: 8. Determine the likely structure for a compound A (C 6 H 10 O), which is found to decolorize bromine in carbon tetrachloride.
A Facile Preparation of Red Aminoquinones by Direct ...
Quinone and Naphthoquinones in Diethylamine Sung Sik Kim*, Yoon Jung Mah, and Sang Kyu Park Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, ... 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Jeol JMN EX-400 spectrometer. Proton chemical shift are reported in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane ...
Novel Metabolites of Amodiaquine Formed by CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 ...
The 1 H NMR spectrum of 3 along with the structure is shown in Fig. 3. Additional NMR spectra and chemical shifts for 3 and 1 are available in the supplemental data. ... Because m/z 283 results from a loss of the diethylamine from amodiaquine, ...
Synthesis of DEET - Docstoc.com
The proton NMR spectrum of the product consists of well ... 3.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide, and cool the flask in an ice bath. While stirring the NaOH solution, add ~25 mmol of diethylamine hydrochloride in small ... Have 1H nmr run on purified material and interpret the spectra as ...
The 1H NMR spectra of the Scheme 1. ... pounds 2 and 3 (synthesis in the presence of diethylamine). All new products (mixtures or individual adducts) have satisfactory purity according to 1H NMR and elemental analysis (for individual com-pounds).
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Coumarin Derivatives
1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian NMR system 400(400 MHz) with TMS as an internal ... (13.88 mmol) of 4-diethylamine . 600 CHEM. RES. CHINESE UNIVERSITIES Vol.27 salicylaldehyde and 2.4 mL(13.88 mmol) of diethylmalonate
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text:
MS Swiss Sapphire Review
About This Ship
More Ships
- MS Swiss Emerald
- MS Swiss Jewel
- MS Swiss Sapphire
- MS Treasures
Cruise Ship Overview
Gleaming brass, wrought iron, and glass elements make the destination-intense MS Swiss Sapphire a truly grand way to discover the Rhine, Main, and Danube rivers. Perks like balconied outside-facing cabins, fluffy bathrobes, and complimentary Wi-Fi add to the luxurious ride.
Cruise News & Features
In a bid to compete with luxury cruise lines, Celebrity Cruises will launch "Suite Class" Read more
Read more -
Crystal Cruises ships début in nine European ports this summer. Read more
Read more -
Many cruise lines offer land tours before or after you set sail, allowing you to spend more time exploring Read more
Read more
· Cruises Forum
Myself and my eighty five year old father needed to be out of his house for a couple of weeks due to construction. Read more
We are going from Copenhagen to Stockholm July 1. Read more
Family is going on Baltic cruise with Celebrity in July. Read more


text:
Only Love and Music matters. And few other things that makes
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40 / M / Straight / Single
Warsaw, Poland
My Details
- Last Online
- Yesterday – 10:52pm
- Ethnicity
- White
- Height
- 5′ 9″ (1.75m)
- Body Type
- Average
- Diet
- Anything
- Smokes
- When drinking
- Drinks
- Socially
- Drugs
- Never
- Religion
- —
- Sign
- Scorpio
- Education
- Masters program
- Job
- Other
- Income
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- Pets
- Likes dogs and likes cats
- Speaks
- English (Okay), Polish (Fluently)
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What I'm doing with my life
I'm really good at
Being a good.
The first things people usually notice about me
I dont ask them:-)
Favorite books, movies, shows, music, and food
Ubiq. Hyperion. My writings. Blade Runner. Hauru. Ghost in the
Shell. Spirited Away. Ame Agaru. Rango. King Crimson. Yes. Peter
Gabriel. Kate Melua. Kate Bush. ELP. Genesis. Bjork. Venetian
Snares. My own music. South Asia food. Italy food. French food. My
own kitchen.
The six things I could never do without
Love. Family. Music. Dreams. Nature. Emotions.
On a typical Friday night I am
I dont know a typical friday:-)
The most private thing I'm willing to admit
I dont like spiders:-)
I'm looking for
- Girls who like guys
- Ages 20–35
- Near me
- Who are single
- For new friends, long-term dating, short-term dating
You should message me if
You are interested:-)


text:
The town's Parks and Recreation Commission will select winners April 1 in the annual lottery for canoe and kayak racks and boat moorings at Bare Hill Pond. Each winner will pay a sticker fee of $20. For registration information and details about the lottery, contact commission chairman John Lee at 978-456-8750.
Lottery for Bare Hill Pond moorings
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text:
By Arlen Anderson
Open the Mac App Store to buy and download apps.
CraigShopper is a craigslist search tool designed to make life easier by saving you time & money.
Why Do You Need It?
You'll save time. If you've ever spent much time searching craigslist then this app will revolutionize your life. Seriously. No more constant searching.
You'll save money. Ever find a great deal just to find out someone else got it first? CraigShopper will give you the advantage by letting you know when something you're looking for is posted.
CraigShopper makes searching easy. Search several locations or even entire countries simultaneously. Quit searching locations one at a time.
Did I mention it's fast?
+ Email Notifications
+ Growl Notifications
+ Set Different Notifcation Options For Each Search
+ Search Multiple Locations and Categories
+ Multithreaded Searches
+ Integrated Browser
+ Ads Can Be Marked For Later or Hidden Entirely
+ Enter Strict Search Parameters or Just Browse
What's New in Version 2.0.14
Added support for craigslist's new image hosting
Customer Reviews
Assume the best there is for Mac desktop, and it is pretty darn good.
I'm giving this 5 stars, because I think it is pretty good for the Mac, and probably the best there is. There are a few organizational things that I wish were different, and maybe more similar to Escargot's cPRO+ or Craigslist+ (whichever it is called now) on the iPhone/iPad. But these are mostly nit pics - e.g. I wish marking/saving items was a little bit more intuitive, and that reviewing all of the marked items was easier to do. Right now I always have to think about where the "mark" command is, and then the marked items get saved under the individual searches instead of in a master list. (Arlen, would be quite helpful to have a master list of saved items and make that sortable and groupable). It could also use a little improvement in creating new searches - I'd like to create a default set of cities, but if you create a search from scratch, you have to pick cities for each search. But it is plenty easy just to "duplicate" an existing search as this carries forward all the settings from that search, and then you can change the search string. Overall, the program is fast, and makes Craigslist searching and monitoring much faster. Love it.
Dysfunctional for apartment searching
I got this app for the purpose of finding apartments in San Francisco so this may not be relevant for other applications of CraigShopper.
The app fails to allow you to use all craigslist search features (ex: differentiating between what neighborhoods you want searching all of SF is worthless) and when I attempted to set up individual searches for all 10 neighborhoods I'm looking for I found inconsistent search results between the app and craigslist. In one case it came up with no search results for Hayes Valley - which is a VERY well known district in SF.
Did I mention it crashed within my first 10 minutes of using it?
I've spent $6 (expensive for an app of its simplicity) to save myself the time of setting up individual RSS feeds (which I'm having to do anyways with this) and now I don't even trust the app to be thorough enough to come up with all search results.
Was really excited to find this app and in short order very disappointed.
Version 2.1.14 update
I just updated to the latest version and I'm very happy. This is one GREAT application. I have shown it to some of my windoze friends and they are jealous.
I use this application every day and it has saved me thousands of dollars. It allows you to know right when an item is listed. The best deals always go FAST. You need to be quick if you want to win then. This application allows me to strike before others. I bought my SUV after having monitored for 6 months waiting for JUST WHAT I WANTED at the PRICE I WANTED TO PAY.
I called the seller within minutes of them listing the item and arranged to meet them before anyone else could grab the deal up.
Bottom line, if you shop on craig's list, you need CraigShopper.
- $5.99
- Category: Lifestyle
- Updated: Jul 26, 2013
- Version: 2.0.14
- Size: 3.6 MB
- Language: English
- Seller: Arlen Anderson
- © Arlen Anderson
Compatibility: OS X 10.6.6 or later