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US 20070233732 A1 Abstract A content request, storage, and configuration system is provided which associates pieces of content with one or more keywords, and configures the content for the benefit of a user. Users load content into the system or link content elsewhere to the system, and optionally designate a set of actions to be taken. Keywords are assigned to the content and actions by the system based on user input and/or auto-generation by the system. Any of a variety of methods, including but not limited to Short Message Service (SMS) and instant messaging, are used by a user to communicate these keywords to the system, to indicate user interest in the associated content. Receipt by the system of the keywords from the user triggers the system to retrieve the relevant pieces of content, associate said content with the user making the request, and to take the designated actions if appropriate. In addition, users may designate that the system retrieve the relevant pieces of content and associate said content with other users.
Claims(21) 1. A method for managing digital content via a service of a network, comprising:
first receiving, by the service, digital content or a reference to the digital content and at least one content keyword to be associated with the digital content; storing the digital content or the reference to the digital content in at least one database and associating each piece of content of the digital content with said at least one content keyword; second receiving, by the service, at least one user keyword from a user and retrieving at least one set of digital content from the at least one database based on the at least one user keyword and/or a configuration associated with the user; enabling the user to take at least one pre-defined action with respect to the at least one set of digital content; and at least one of transmitting the at least one set of digital content to the user or permitting access to the at least one set of digital content by the user. 2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. At least one computing device comprising means for performing the method of
7. A computer readable medium comprising computer executable instructions for carrying out the method of
8. A method for making a purchase via a networked portable device using keywords via a service of a network, comprising:
entering of setup information, wherein the setup information includes any one or more of (a) payment information, (b) user purchasing decision information or (c) at least one keyword for at least one item related to a user purchasing decision; transmitting the setup information to the service; entering of buy information via a user interface of the networked portable device, wherein the buy information includes at least one keyword of said at least one keyword and a purchase command that indicates a desire to purchase at least one item of said at least one item; and transmitting the buy information to the service, whereby the service automatically initiates a purchase of the at least one item of said at least one item at least based on the setup information. 9. The method of
receiving a request for acknowledgement by the networked portable device; and entering of acknowledgement information via the user interface of the networked portable device in response to the request for acknowledgement in order to confirm the purchase command. 10. The method of
11. The method of
transmitting transaction information to a third party, wherein the transaction information includes a record of the purchase of the at least one item of said at least one item. 12. The method of
13. At least one computing device comprising means for performing the method of
14. A computer readable medium comprising computer executable instructions for carrying out the method of
15. A method for sharing digital content via a networked portable device using keywords via a service of a network, comprising:
entering of setup information, wherein the setup information includes any one or more of (a) group information indicative of a name of a group, (b) one or more names of group members included in the group, (c) contact information for the one or more group members of the group and (d) at least one keyword associated with a set of digital content; transmitting the setup information to the service; entering of share information via a user interface of the networked portable device, wherein the share information includes at least one keyword of said at least one keyword and a share command that indicates a desire to share digital content with the one or more group members of the group; and transmitting the share information to the service, whereby the service automatically initiates sharing of the set of digital content or at least one link to the set of digital content to the one or more group members of the group. 16. The method of
receiving a request for acknowledgement by the networked portable device; and entering of acknowledgement information via the user interface of the networked portable device in response to the request for acknowledgement in order to confirm the share command. 17. The method of
18. The method of
transmitting notification information to the one or more members of the group to notify the one or more members that the set of digital content or the at least one link to the set of digital content has been shared. 19. The method of
entering of action information via the user interface of the networked portable device, wherein the action information includes a designation of at least one pre-defined action to take with respect to the set of digital content prior to sharing by the service; and transmitting the action information to the service. 20. At least one computing device comprising means for performing the method of
21. A computer readable medium comprising computer executable instructions for carrying out the method of
Description The present invention relates to systems and methods for content management that include use of a system and/or a set of services that assign one or more keywords and/or passwords to content, e.g., through the use of tags, to achieve any of storage, configuration, retrieval or other action by an owner of the content and/or the user. The explosive growth in digital content and e-commerce in the nineties and the present decade has been accompanied by a number of systems and corresponding processes for storing, managing and retrieving content in various electronic formats and in a variety of ways. Storing and managing all types of content, including documents, images, video, audio and the like, typically occurs inside of a content management application incorporating some type of a database, and which may be operated in a private network or on the Internet. With existing systems, retrieving the digital content from oneself or another content owner typically requires a person either to search for a document on a personal computer, a private network or the Internet, or to provide contact information (an Internet address, email address or instant message identifier) to the content owner so that the digital content can be delivered, received and enjoyed by that person. Likewise, commercial transactions on the Internet or over the phone typically occur in one-to-one setting in which a buyer must conduct a transaction on a seller's own website or by speaking to a live operator. When doing so, the buyer must enter, re-enter or store a significant amount of personal information. Moreover, when a consumer sees something outside the Internet, like a seller's offline advertisement (such as a billboard, magazine or elsewhere), the consumer must almost always visit the Internet, place a voice telephone call, or visit a seller's physical site. In many cases the buyer is repeatedly shopping from the same seller and repeating many of the same time-consuming steps to conduct a transaction. At the same time as the amount of content and e-commerce expands dramatically, people are increasingly relying on mobile devices as a primary means to communicate via voice, text, Internet enabled browsers or Internet enabled services like instant messaging. It can be appreciated that mobile devices are generally used because they are portable and convenient, and they are becoming near ubiquitous in their adoption by people all over the world. Yet, mobile devices, such as mobile phones, are often limited in their ability to navigate, retrieve and act on content or other data due to their portability, and corresponding limited input interface and storage capacities. With the enormous growth in both content availability and e-commerce, there is thus an emerging need on the part of content owners and commerce providers to obtain the content or conduct a transaction in a more simple, convenient, accurate and cost effective way. Some existing services seek to connect requests for digital content or data to the direct delivery of content or data to the mobile device for immediate use or action, which the user may or may not be ready to take. Thus, there is an inherent disconnect in such systems between what the user may want and the ultimate timing of the delivery of the content by the content owner. In addition, these services lack an efficient way to communicate a request for specific information about which the user has just learned. Two main problems thus present themselves with respect to such existing systems. First, such systems are inefficient because they are overloaded with unwanted or irrelevant amounts of digital content or data. Second, such systems are dramatically limited in terms of the actions that a user may take with respect to such digital content or data. Additionally, today's user interfaces that are presented to users on most mobile devices are not adequate for easy and complete free form text entries. Most mobile devices have a twelve digit number pad which is cumbersome to the user when the user is faced with typing in text like web addresses, email addresses, or other contact information. Consequently, mobile users have difficulty capturing information quickly and completely in a text form on their mobile device. In turn, passing relevant information from the user's mobile phone along to friends or other contacts is not easy and similarly, taking other action with respect to the information, such as buying a physical or digital product or service, is a difficult process if such other action is even possible for the user. Thus, there is a need for an improved method for (a) a user to request and obtain digital content or data in which the user knows she is interested, (b) to store the requested digital content or data for immediate or later access by the user, and (c) to allow the user to take immediate or later action against the digital content or data. Likewise, owners of the digital content or data are currently in need of improved ways to track requests for, and use of, such digital content or data. Further, owners of digital content or data are in need of ways to enable new methods for having targeted users take action against such digital content or data in ways that make more sense for users. These and other disadvantages of existing content management systems have thus led to an overall need for a new architecture for managing content that better aligns the interests of content owners with the interests of content consumers, and vice versa. The present invention provides systems and methods for requesting, receiving and/or managing digital content or data, and for taking certain types of action in connection with or with respect to the digital content or data. In various non-limiting embodiments described herein, the system matches sets of digital content or data to unique keywords. The user of a portable device can use the portable device's existing communication capabilities to send a keyword to the system's request server. The keywords are then referenced in a database to identify the digital content or data associated with the keywords. The system retrieves the associated digital content or data from a database and stores it for immediate or later viewing or for use in performing some other action designated by the user. Based on the keywords and the identity of the user, the system may also configure the digital content or data in a particular way for that user to provide a custom content experience, or enable one or more particular actions to be taken with respect to the digital content or data. Exemplary non-limiting actions for the content that may be enabled for a user include, for instance, sharing content with friend(s) or group(s) of friends, enabling purchase of item(s) via a convenient network communication protocol, such as Short Message Service (SMS) messaging, or the like. Other features of the invention are described in more detail below. The content request, storage and configuration systems in accordance with the invention are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Overview In consideration of the shortcomings of existing systems described above in the background, a content request, storage and configuration system is provided in accordance with the invention which loads and stores different types of content, associates each piece of content with one or more keywords and configures the content in particular ways for the benefit of a user. Content owners load content into the system or reference (e.g., link to) content from elsewhere, and keywords are assigned to the content by the system based on user input and/or auto-generation acts taken by the system. In various exemplary non-limiting embodiments, a tag representing the keywords is associated with the content and stored in the system. Short Message Service (SMS), email, instant messaging, a designated entry point on a personal computer or mobile web browser, or other methods may be used by a user to communicate the one or more pre-assigned keywords in order to indicate user interest in a particular content item or items. Receipt by the system of the keywords from the user initiates identification and retrieval of relevant piece(s) of content by the system, and association of the content with the user making the request. Then, if desired by the user or if otherwise appropriate, the system operates to configure a user's account to take specific actions with respect to the content. The user may also assign his or her own keywords to aid in the use of the system, and establish pre-defined additional actions that the system may take based on receipt of the keyword by the user. In one non-limiting embodiment, a user can send a request to purchase a particular content item or items with the use of keywords, the system having been pre-configured to execute a purchase transaction upon receipt of such keywords. In another non-limiting embodiment, a user can configure the system so that the send, or transmission, of the keyword triggers the deposit of the associated content in the account of another user or accounts of a group of users, or otherwise authorizes the other user(s) to interact with the content in a specified way. Systems and Methods for Storing, Retrieving and Configuring Digital Content Various embodiments in which the invention may be used are described below, but as can be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the software and networking arts, other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the content management storage, retrieval and configuration techniques of the present invention. The present invention is a method for requesting digital content or data via the use of keywords and a system capable of retrieving, storing and configuring digital content or data based on the keywords or identity of the user. As used herein, the term �digital content or data� includes any one or more text, audio, video, image and data files including, but not limited to, database information, information worker files, such as spreadsheet files, markup language documents, such as XML, or any combination of such digital content or data. In User devices 11 are communicatively coupled via networks 12 to a set of networked services 13 (which may be a centralized server, or distributed) which provide content storage, retrieval and configuration services in accordance with the invention. The server or services 13 include a keyword/command phrase parser 16 for receiving content and keywords from content owners and users for storage or retrieval of content in or from a keyword/content database 14, respectively, by the content management system of the invention. The server or services 13 also include a display/notification interface 17 for rendering or notifying designated recipients of content retrieved in accordance with the content management techniques of the invention. User account data is also stored in storage 15, which includes configuration data and other user information as part of the user's account with the content management system of the invention. The storage techniques of the invention may also invariably be implemented across a plurality of storage components, such as databases or other storage, which may be co-located, or distributed, and of the same type of storage, or disparate types. In operation, as described in more detail below, user devices operate to send keywords and command phrases to keyword/command phrase parser 16 for the retrieval of content for designated action based on the command phrases. The keywords are checked against the keyword/content database 14 in order to retrieve at least one set of content based on the commands of the command phrase(s) received by parser 16. Then, prior to taking action on the content, user account data in storage 15 may be further consulted to determine if there are any additional parameters (e.g., other filters on the content) that should be applied to the retrieved content based on configuration information stored for the user in accordance with the invention. Next, interface 17 takes any designated actions as specified by the commands of the command phrase(s) with respect to the resulting set(s) of content matching the user keywords and user configuration data. For instance, interface 17 may prepare the resulting set(s) of content for display on a particular user device known to have a certain type of display, or known to handle certain formats of content, i.e., the resulting content is readied for rendering on the device. Or, for another example, interface 17 may send notifications to a group of friends about the content and about certain actions (e.g., purchase) that may optionally be taken with respect to the content. Finally, the content and/or notifications are delivered to the appropriate recipient (e.g., the user in the case of a request for display of content, or the group of friends in the case of the notification example). A number of tables are included in the database are depicted in On the user side in The owner of digital content or data can use the system to upload digital content or data, shown in By establishing a method and system for owners of digital content and data to connect the digital content or data to keywords, a much improved means of locating digital content and data is realized. There are many circumstances in which it may be beneficial for a person to obtain digital content without searching for the content, disclosing one's identity to a third or being compelled to provide a unique place of delivery and receipt such as a physical mailing address, email or fax number. The ability for a user to request digital content with keywords meets the needs and interests of users because they can enable access to the content they want when they want it in a simple and convenient way, typically via a mobile device. It also helps meet the needs of content owners, commerce providers and other organizations looking to distribute digital content or data, or have actions taken against such digital content or data, because they know the persons requesting access are genuinely interested. The typical user experience with the invention, shown in In a preferred, but non-limiting, embodiment, the system is supported by an SMS mobile messaging platform that integrates with the multiple platforms of the cellular companies (or, for those cellular companies with an alternate preferred means of text messaging, to their equivalent of SMS), as well as a content management system. In this case, the request server receives an SMS (or equivalent) containing the keyword from a user and looks up the digital content or data that the user is requesting in the database. In another embodiment of the invention, the request server is reached through the use of an instant messaging (IM) system wherein the request server as a machine is reached as part of the IM's buddy list. In such an embodiment, the request server would appear as a buddy on the user's IM interface, which means that the user could initiate a text message conversation with the request server using the IM's existing capabilities. The user would send the keywords as a text message. In yet another embodiment, the user could use an entry field on a web based application that is directly connected to the system. In all cases, the system would realize the identity of the user, which information would be available to the system based on the method of communication selected. Once the digital content or data is identified by its keywords, it can be presented to the user on a web-based application enabled by the system, which may be accessible via generally available web browsers on either personal computers or mobile devices. The manner in which digital content or data is displayed to the user is controlled by preferences of the owner of the digital content or data, the type of digital content or data, and the capabilities of the system. For example, a hyperlink to a url may appears as a hyperlink with brief summary information associated with the hyperlink appearing underneath. An audio file may appear only as a title of the audio file. A video may appear as a single digital image of one of the frames of the video with no title or description. Depending on the type of digital content or data stored or integrated with system, certain actions may be available to take with respect to the content. For example, a user who is presented with the content by the system may be able to forward the content received directly to an email account or some other system. Sometimes a user may want to have the requested digital content or data delivered directly back to a mobile terminal. Other times, the user may want to have the digital content or data viewable in a web browser, or the original software application in which the digital content or data was meant to be viewed. A user may also predefine a preference as to what to do with the digital content or data so that the system will take action with the digital content or data immediately. For example, if a user were requesting audio files from the same digital content owner repeatedly, and each time the user used the capabilities of the system to export the file to another system, the user may instead configure the system to automatically forward the audio file to another system or software application. Digital content or data may also be configured by the system for other actions by the user. For example, the seller of shoes may enable a user to use the keyword �shoes� to deposit a hyperlink to the seller's website in the user's account for the user to obtain additional information on the particular shoes. In addition to the additional information, however, the system may also enable the user to buy the shoes without leaving the web based application, the system having configured the digital content or data to enable the ability to conduct an e-commerce transaction. The system also supports actions that can be specified at the time of submitting the keyword, to have the system process those actions directly. One category of action is the purchase of an item represented by a keyword. Another novel use of the system is in the quick and easy dissemination of content represented by keywords to another recipient or multiple other recipients. By enabling a system that allows different groups to tag and manage digital content or data in a way that make it easier for other people to access, particularly in a mobile oriented world, the invention can save time, provide an improved means for privacy and reduce costs for the parties involved. The establishment of a central system (�central� from the standpoint of the users and content owners, though the services may be distributed and need not be a central set of servers) to manage and configure the requested digital content or data allows the user to rely on a single destination to manage multiple requests of multiple types of content from multiple content owners. Exemplary Non-Limiting Network and Operating Environments The following description sets forth some exemplary networks and non-limiting operating environments for the systems and methods for content management of the present invention. The below-described operating environments should be considered non-exhaustive, however, and thus the below-described network architectures merely show how the services of the present invention may be incorporated into some exemplary existing network structures and architectures. One can appreciate, however, that the invention may be incorporated into now existing or future alternative architectures for communication networks as well, and to systems that encompass or integrate a plurality of disparate communication networks. The global system for mobile communication (�GSM�) is one of the most widely utilized wireless access systems in today's fast growing communication systems. GSM provides circuit-switched data services to subscribers, such as mobile telephone or computer users. General Packet Radio Service (�GPRS�), which is an extension to GSM technology, introduces packet switching to GSM networks. GPRS uses a packet-based wireless communication technology to transfer high and low speed data and signaling in an efficient manner. GPRS optimizes the use of network and radio resources, thus enabling the cost effective and efficient use of GSM network resources for packet mode applications. As one of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate, the exemplary GSM/GPRS environment and services described herein can also be extended to 3G services, such as Universal Mobile Telephone System (�UMTS�), Frequency Division Duplexing (�FDD�) and Time Division Duplexing (�TDD�), High Speed Packet Data Access (�HSPDA�), cdma2000 1x Evolution Data Optimized (�EVDO�), Code Division Multiple Access-2000 (�cdma2000 3x�), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (�TD-SCDMA�), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (�WCDMA�), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (�EDGE�), International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (�IMT-2000�), Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (�DECT�), etc., as well as to other network services that shall become available in time. In this regard, the techniques of the invention may be applied independently of the method of data transport, and do not depend on any particular network architecture, or underlying protocols. Generally, there can be four different cell sizes in a GSM network�macro, micro, pico and umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell is different in different environments. Macro cells can be regarded as cells where the base station antenna is installed in a mast or a building above average roof top level. Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average roof top level; they are typically used in urban areas. Pico cells are small cells having a diameter is a few dozen meters; they are mainly used indoors. On the other hand, umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller cells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells. A mobile switching center can be connected to a large number of base station controllers. At MSC 271, for instance, depending on the type of traffic, the traffic may be separated in that voice may be sent to Public Switched Telephone Network (�PSTN�) 282 through Gateway MSC (�GMSC�) 273, and/or data may be sent to SGSN 276, which then sends the data traffic to GGSN 278 for further forwarding. When MSC 271 receives call traffic, for example, from BSC 266, it sends a query to a database hosted by SCP 272. The SCP 272 processes the request and issues a response to MSC 271 so that it may continue call processing as appropriate. The HLR 274 is a centralized database for users to register to the GPRS network. HLR 274 stores static information about the subscribers such as the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (�IMSI�), subscribed services, and a key for authenticating the subscriber. HLR 274 also stores dynamic subscriber information such as the current location of the mobile subscriber. Associated with HLR 274 is AuC 275. AuC 275 is a database that contains the algorithms for authenticating subscribers and includes the associated keys for encryption to safeguard the user input for authentication. In the following, depending on context, the term �mobile subscriber� sometimes refers either to the end user and sometimes to the actual portable device used by an end user of the mobile cellular service. When a mobile subscriber turns on his or her mobile device, the mobile device goes through an attach process by which the mobile device attaches to an SGSN of the GPRS network. In After attaching itself with the network, mobile subscriber 255 then goes through an authentication process. In the authentication process, SGSN 276 sends the authentication information to HLR 274, which sends information back to SGSN 276 based on the user profile that was part of the user's initial setup. The SGSN 276 then sends a request for authentication and ciphering to mobile subscriber 255. The mobile subscriber 255 uses an algorithm to send the user identification (ID) and password to SGSN 276. The SGSN 276 uses the same algorithm and compares the result. If a match occurs, SGSN 276 authenticates mobile subscriber 255. Next, the mobile subscriber 255 establishes a user session with the destination network, corporate network 289, by going through a Packet Data Protocol (�PDP�) activation process. Briefly, in the process, mobile subscriber 255 requests access to the Access Point Name (�APN�), for example, UPS.com (e.g., which can be corporate network 279 in Once activated, data packets of the call made by mobile subscriber 255 can then go through radio access network 260, core network 270, and interconnect network 280, in particular fixed-end system or Internet 284 and firewall 288, to reach corporate network 289. Thus, network elements that may implicate the functionality of the systems and methods for content management in accordance with the invention may include but are not limited to Gateway GPRS Support Node tables, Fixed End System router tables, firewall systems, VPN tunnels, and any number of other network elements as required by the particular digital network. The GSM core network 101 also includes a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 108, a Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) 110, a Home Location Register (HLR) 112, Visitor Location Register (VLR) 114, an Authentication Center (AuC) 118, and an Equipment Identity Register (EIR) 116. The MSC 108 performs a switching function for the network. The MSC also performs other functions, such as registration, authentication, location updating, handovers, and call routing. The GMSC 110 provides a gateway between the GSM network and other networks, such as an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) or Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTNs) 120. In other words, the GMSC 110 provides interworking functionality with external networks. The HLR 112 is a database that contains administrative information regarding each subscriber registered in a corresponding GSM network. The HLR 112 also contains the current location of each MS. The VLR 114 is a database that contains selected administrative information from the HLR 112. The VLR contains information necessary for call control and provision of subscribed services for each MS currently located in a geographical area controlled by the VLR. The HLR 112 and the VLR 114, together with the MSC 108, provide the call routing and roaming capabilities of GSM. The AuC 116 provides the parameters needed for authentication and encryption functions. Such parameters allow verification of a subscriber's identity. The EIR 118 stores security-sensitive information about the mobile equipment. A Short Message Service Center (SMSC) 109 allows one-to-one Short Message Service (SMS) messages to be sent to/from the MS 102. A Push Proxy Gateway (PPG) 111 is used to �push� (i.e., send without a synchronous request) content to the MS 102. The PPG 111 acts as a proxy between wired and wireless networks to facilitate pushing of data to the MS 102. A Short Message Peer to Peer (SMPP) protocol router 113 is provided to convert SMS-based SMPP messages to cell broadcast messages. SMPP is a protocol for exchanging SMS messages between SMS peer entities such as short message service centers. It is often used to allow third parties, e.g., content suppliers such as news organizations, to submit bulk messages. To gain access to GSM services, such as speech, data, and short message service (SMS), the MS first registers with the network to indicate its current location by performing a location update and IMSI attach procedure. The MS 102 sends a location update including its current location information to the MSC/VLR, via the BTS 104 and the BSC 106. The location information is then sent to the MS's HLR. The HLR is updated with the location information received from the MSC/VLR. The location update also is performed when the MS moves to a new location area. Typically, the location update is periodically performed to update the database as location updating events occur. The GPRS network 130 is logically implemented on the GSM core network architecture by introducing two packet-switching network nodes, a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 132, a cell broadcast and a Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 134. The SGSN 132 is at the same hierarchical level as the MSC 108 in the GSM network. The SGSN controls the connection between the GPRS network and the MS 102. The SGSN also keeps track of individual MS's locations and security functions and access controls. A Cell Broadcast Center (CBC) 133 communicates cell broadcast messages that are typically delivered to multiple users in a specified area. Cell Broadcast is one-to-many geographically focused service. It enables messages to be communicated to multiple mobile phone customers who are located within a given part of its network coverage area at the time the message is broadcast. The GGSN 134 provides a gateway between the GPRS network and a public packet network (PDN) or other IP networks 136. That is, the GGSN provides interworking functionality with external networks, and sets up a logical link to the MS through the SGSN. When packet-switched data leaves the GPRS network, it is transferred to an external TCP-IP network 136, such as an X.25 network or the Internet. In order to access GPRS services, the MS first attaches itself to the GPRS network by performing an attach procedure. The MS then activates a packet data protocol (PDP) context, thus activating a packet communication session between the MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN. In a GSM/GPRS network, GPRS services and GSM services can be used in parallel. The MS can operate in one three classes: class A, class B, and class C. A class A MS can attach to the network for both GPRS services and GSM services simultaneously. A class A MS also supports simultaneous operation of GPRS services and GSM services. For example, class A mobiles can receive GSM voice/data/SMS calls and GPRS data calls at the same time. A class B MS can attach to the network for both GPRS services and GSM services simultaneously. However, a class B MS does not support simultaneous operation of the GPRS services and GSM services. That is, a class B MS can only use one of the two services at a given time. A class C MS can attach for only one of the GPRS services and GSM services at a time. Simultaneous attachment and operation of GPRS services and GSM services is not possible with a class C MS. A GPRS network 130 can be designed to operate in three network operation modes (NOM1, NOM2 and NOM3). A network operation mode of a GPRS network is indicated by a parameter in system information messages transmitted within a cell. The system information messages dictates a MS where to listen for paging messages and how signal towards the network. The network operation mode represents the capabilities of the GPRS network. In a NOM1 network, a MS can receive pages from a circuit switched domain (voice call) when engaged in a data call. The MS can suspend the data call or take both simultaneously, depending on the ability of the MS. In a NOM2 network, a MS may not received pages from a circuit switched domain when engaged in a data call, since the MS is receiving data and is not listening to a paging channel In a NOM3 network, a MS can monitor pages for a circuit switched network while received data and vise versa. The IP multimedia network 138 was introduced with 3GPP Release 5, and includes an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) 140 to provide rich multimedia services to end users. A representative set of the network entities within the IMS 140 are a call/session control function (CSCF), a media gateway control function (MGCF) 146, a media gateway (MGW) 148, and a master subscriber database, called a home subscriber server (HSS) 150. The HSS 150 may be common to the GSM network 101, the GPRS network 130 as well as the IP multimedia network 138. The IP multimedia system 140 is built around the call/session control function, of which there are three types: an interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) 143, a proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) 142, and a serving CSCF (S-CSCF) 144. The P-CSCF 142 is the MS's first point of contact with the IMS 140. The P-CSCF 142 forwards session initiation protocol (SIP) messages received from the MS to an SIP server in a home network (and vice versa) of the MS. The P-CSCF 142 may also modify an outgoing request according to a set of rules defined by the network operator (for example, address analysis and potential modification). The I-CSCF 143, forms an entrance to a home network and hides the inner topology of the home network from other networks and provides flexibility for selecting an S-CSCF. The I-CSCF 143 may contact a subscriber location function (SLF) 145 to determine which HSS 150 to use for the particular subscriber, if multiple HSS's 150 are present. The S-CSCF 144 performs the session control services for the MS 102. This includes routing originating sessions to external networks and routing terminating sessions to visited networks. The S-CSCF 144 also decides whether an application server (AS) 152 is required to receive information on an incoming SIP session request to ensure appropriate service handling. This decision is based on information received from the HSS 150 (or other sources, such as an application server 152). The AS 152 also communicates to a location server 156 (e.g., a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC)) that provides a position (e.g., latitude/longitude coordinates) of the MS 102. The HSS 150 contains a subscriber profile and keeps track of which core network node is currently handling the subscriber. It also supports subscriber authentication and authorization functions (AAA). In networks with more than one HSS 150, a subscriber location function provides information on the HSS 150 that contains the profile of a given subscriber. The MGCF 146 provides interworking functionality between SIP session control signaling from the IMS 140 and ISUP/BICC call control signaling from the external GSTN networks (not shown). It also controls the media gateway (MGW) 148 that provides user-plane interworking functionality (e.g., converting between AMR- and PCM-coded voice). The MGW 148 also communicates with other IP multimedia networks 154. Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) capable mobile phones register with the wireless network when the phones are in a predefined area (e.g., job site, etc.). When the mobile phones leave the area, they register with the network in their new location as being outside the predefined area. This registration, however, does not indicate the actual physical location of the mobile phones. While the present invention has been described in connection with the embodiments shown in the various Figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiment for performing the same function of the present invention without deviating therefrom. Thus, other variations and modifications to may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. For example, one skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention as described in the present application may apply to any environment, whether wired and/or wireless, and may be applied to any number of such devices connected to the system via at least one communications network and/or interacting across the network. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims. Patent Citations
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The Bionicon Edison- Putting the All in All Mountain
By mountainbiketales September 06, 2008
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A Different Approach to Ultimate Versatility It is basic human nature to be skeptical of new things. Let's face it; our very survival as a species has been possible due to our reluctance to dive headfirst into the unknown. And so it was when the MBT test crew assembled a fresh Bionicon Edison LTD during
Read More »GT Sanction 2.0 Review
By mountainbiketales August 05, 2008
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GT SANCTION 2.0: All Mountain's Never Been So Inclusive By the staff of www.mountainbiketales.com Defining New School Perhaps the most over-used term of the past decade would have to be "old-school" in referring to any process with a rich heritage. In that line of thinking, what exactly is "new school" and why doesn't anybody
Read More »Bike Review: Felt Q720
By mountainbiketales July 09, 2008
Pro Reviews
Brand Name Bike At Discount Store Price by The Staff of mountainbiketales.com Tough to beat this performance at this price point. It's pretty safe to assume we're a bit like you. How so? Well, for starters we get excited about the mere possibility of high end bikes with carbon fiber goodies, the latest suspension components
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Your search for Bavaria (Germany) in Nicholas Kulish returned 7 articles
Nepotism in Bavarian Politics Creates a Scandal Merkel Could Do Without
Germany's Christian Social Union, the sister party of Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union, is embroiled in a scandal that threatens her re-election chances.
May 14, 2013, TuesdayPolitical Shifts in Bavaria, Land of Tradition, Could Have Wide Repercussions
Bavaria's traditional culture may be falling victim to its economic success, as the governing party's philosophy is tested by newcomers.
September 27, 2012, ThursdayChurch Crisis Shakes Faith of German Town
Every 10 years since 1634, a village has put on a Passion play, but this year church scandals have shaken the faith of some actors.
May 15, 2010, SaturdayGerman Bishop Resigns His Position in Latest Jolt to Church
Walter Mixa, accused of beating children as a priest, was a prominent voice of the church in Germany.
April 23, 2010, FridayChurch Adds More Abuse Cases to Its Inquiry in Germany
The Regensburg Diocese in Pope Benedict XVI's native Germany expanded its investigation to take in four more priests and two nuns.
March 23, 2010, TuesdayDoctor Asserts Church Ignored Abuse Warnings
A psychiatrist said that the German archdiocese led by the future Pope Benedict XVI ignored his warnings in the early 1980s about a priest accused of sexually abusing boys.
March 19, 2010, FridayRebuffing Scholars, Germany Vows to Keep Hitler Out of Print
There is a developing showdown with scholars over the first German publication of "Mein Kampf" since the end of World War II.
February 05, 2010, FridaySEARCH 7 ARTICLES BY NICHOLAS KULISH:
Zanzibar Faces Scrutiny
An acid attack on two Western women has brought unwelcome attention to a Tanzanian island better known as a vacation paradise.
The Grillwalker Takes Berlin
The Times' Nicholas Kulish on the Grillwalker, a portable grilling system for making bratwurst that is popular in Berlin.
Poland's Car Culture
A look at drag racing in Poland's second-largest city, now organized by the government in response to dangerous illegal races.
The Eastern Bloc Remembered
Many East Germans disappeared trying to cross to the West over Bulgaria's southern border.
- The Science of Older and Wiser
- Billionaires With Big Ideas Are Privatizing American Science
- Op-Ed | Timothy Egan: Paul Ryan's Irish Amnesia
- Wealth Matters: For Boarding Schools, an Evolving Financial Aid Philosophy
- Opinion: Where Are the People of Color in Children's Books?
- Op-Ed Columnist: The Deepest Self
- Op-Ed Contributor: Work Like a German
- Foes of America in Russia Crave Rupture in Ties
- Food Chains: Planet Pasta
- Op-Ed Columnist: Go West, Young People! And East!
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TEXAS VOLUNTEER MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE WORKSHOP PROPOSAL FORM Deadline to submit workshop proposals is August 3, 2009. General Information The Texas Volunteer Management Conference will be held on March 5, 2010 at Lone Star Park in Grand Prairie. Information will be posted on the website as it becomes available (www.texasvmc.org). Currently, the conference committee is soliciting Requests for Proposals for workshops at the 2010 conference. The deadline to submit proposals is August 3, 2009. The committee seeks a diverse range of proposals that address issues in the field of volunteer resources management ranging scientific research to practical day-to-day guidance for practitioners. The RFP provides additional ideas for workshops. Any questions should be directed to Marie Howell (firstname.lastname@example.com) or Celeste Sauls Marks, CVA (email@example.com). This one day conference serves approximately 200 volunteer resources management professionals throughout the state of Texas and the surrounding states. This one day, low cost conference is an effective way to access high quality professional development opportunities at a reasonable price. Presentation Guidelines, Content and Design Guidelines and Selection Criteria We want to ensure that workshop participants have ample opportunity to interact with each other, ask questions and participate in skill building exercises. Priority will be given to proposals that reflect these criteria: • Relevance to topic areas, particularly how they address the conditions for learning • Degree of participant involvement: such as skill building, active/participatory learning, and interactive discussions • Clarity of intent, description and design • Practical usefulness to participants • Innovation and creativity in presentation and content Presenter information: • All presenters must register for the conference. Presenters from each accepted workshop are entitled to a free registration. • Presenters are expected to provide electronic copies of their presentations and handouts in advance for inclusion on the Conference's website. Copies (limit 20 pages) will be made for the day of the event. • The Conference will provide flip charts, markers, projectors and screens, as requested. The Conference will not provide laptops. TEXAS VOLUNTEER MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE WORKSHOP PROPOSAL FORM Deadline to submit workshop proposals is August 3, 2009. Proposal Submission: Deadline: August 3, 2009 Please complete the entire form below and email to Marie Howell (email@example.com) of fax your submission to (682) 885-7480. Those who submit proposals will be notified of the committee's decision no later than September 18, 2009. PRESENTER INFORMATION Primary Presenter Name Job Title Name of Organization Contact Phone Number Mailing Address Fax Number Email Address Website Names of Additional Presenter Organization and Title Name of Additional Presenter Organization and Title WORKSHOP PROPOSAL Workshop Title (60 character no spaces limit) Audience Level Beginning Intermediate Advanced General Workshop Description for Promotional Materials (1,100 character no spaces limit) Learning Outcomes AV Needs (Y or N) Internet connection Flip Chart White board PowerPoint projector Bio (300 word limit) Photo (Y or N) TEXAS VOLUNTEER MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE WORKSHOP PROPOSAL FORM Deadline to submit workshop proposals is August 3, 2009. Handouts (Y or N) Additional Needs: WORKSHOP CATEGORY Youth Media Public Speaking Volunteer Recognition Virtual Volunteers Government Leadership Development Program Evaluation Faith-based Volunteers Volunteer Recruitment Disaster Volunteerism Volunteer Retention Volunteer Resources Management Basics Other _______________________________________________________________________________ 2
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Home » Opinion » Editorials
He goeth before you: Matthew 28
In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Mag'dalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre.
And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it.
His countenance was like lightning, and his raiment white as snow:
and for fear of him the keepers did shake, and became as dead men.
And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye: for I know that ye seek Jesus, which was crucified.
He is not here: for he is risen, as he said. Come, see the place where the Lord lay.
And go quickly, and tell his disciples that he is risen from the dead; and, behold, he goeth before you into Galilee; there shall ye see him: lo, I have told you.
And they departed quickly from the sepulchre with fear and great joy; and did run to bring his disciples word.
And as they went to tell his disciples, behold, Jesus met them, saying, All hail. And they came and held him by the feet, and worshipped him.
Then said Jesus unto them, Be not afraid: go tell my brethren that they go into Galilee, and there shall they see me.
- Electronic benefits: Sin and the EBT card - 2
- 'Legislative cocaine:' Gambling and state revenue - 3
- Minimum wages: Maximum spin - 13
- A CIA bombshell: Feinstein and the Fourth - 1
- Supervised visitation: The metal detector problem - 1
- Charter cap trap: A restriction to repeal - 0
- Taken for a ride: Hooksett's Pinkerton deal - 4
- Bedford's road bond: A good deal for a big fix - 1
- Legislative ethics: NH way works better than most - 0
Calling Deep Throat: Where is Obama's Mark Felt?
READER COMMENTS: 0- A second chance: Manchester hasn't won Hooksett yet - 0
- Monarchs know there's always room for improvement - 0
- Student artwork on display in Derry for PTA's Reflections - 0
- Town, school budgets approved in Amherst - 0
- Wilton-Lyndeborough elementary school merger plan passes - 0
- Hollis voters approve all warrant articles - 0
- Div. I Girls' Basketball: Bedford advances to final with ease - 0
- Boys' Hockey: Souhegan, John Stark-Hopkinton advance in Div. III - 0
- Div. II Boys' Hockey: Bow and Bedford to meet for crown - 0


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Place To Stash Nations
WA Delegate: None.
Founder: The Festering Mutations of Mindless contempt
Regional Power: Moderate
Place To Stash Nations contains 5 nations, the 2,629th most in the world.
Activity • History • Administration
Today's World Census Report
The Shortest Average Lifespan in Place To Stash Nations
Citizens of nations ranked highly tend to die earlier, whether from poor health, crime, accident, or government encouragement.
As a region, Place To Stash Nations is ranked 6th in the world for Shortest Average Lifespan.
# | Nation | WA Category | Motto |
1. | The Lingering Melancholy of General Malaise | Anarchy | "When nothing is illegal there shall be no more crime!" |
2. | The Festering Mutations of Mindless contempt | Anarchy | "Freedom is Absolute - Under Penalty of Death" |
3. | The Xenophobic Isolationists of Just leave me alone | Anarchy | "Only revenge shall make us forget!" |
4. | The Marauding Hordes of Arrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrghh | Anarchy | "Do what thou will - or else!" |
5. | The Constant Aggravation of There are no names lef | Anarchy | "What he said..." |
Regional Happenings
- 5 days ago: The Magical Holiday Land of Chicken Gumbo of the region Louisiana Alliance x Alliance Louisiane proposed constructing embassies.
- 6 days ago: The Holy Empire of The Empire Of Dolmite of the region The Galactic Command proposed constructing embassies.
- 8 days ago: The Confused Lands of The Drunken Butler of the region The United Coalition of Butlers proposed constructing embassies.
- 25 days ago: The Free Land of Goldasmith of the region LOF proposed constructing embassies.
- 25 days ago: The Republic of Reich von Jericho of the region Kontinent der Einsamkeit proposed constructing embassies.
- 25 days ago: The Emirate of SHARAK of the region Lord sharaks lair proposed constructing embassies.
- 26 days ago: The Zombie of Percvania of the region Trainsylvinea proposed constructing embassies.
- 36 days ago: The United Socialist States of Revitopia of the region Warmlands of Eden proposed constructing embassies.
- 41 days ago: The Republic of Anthony Willman of the region Quatramata proposed constructing embassies.
- 41 days ago: Nicaica of the region Empire of nicaica withdrew an invitation to construct embassies.
Place To Stash Nations Regional Message Board
There are no lodged messages at present.


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Fri, 7 Mar 2014
The Lawyer Global Litigation Top 50 report is the only ranking of international law firms by litigation and arbitration revenue and is essential reading for anyone seeking to benchmark their litigation and dispute resolution practices...
Chevalier & Sciales: ESMA publishes opinion on AIFMD rules covering late transposition
Collyer Bristow: New EU Customs Regulation
Veale Wasbrough Vizards: First LPA to be put into 'special measures' for failing to meet targets on the processing of planning applications
This year, The Lawyer's annual ranking of the largest UK law firms by turnover is available as an interactive, digital benchmarking tool. For the first time this will allow you to manipulate each data set against the metrics of your choice.
23 September 2002
23 July 2013
24 September 2013
18 March 2013
24 February 2014
14 January 2014
Simmons & Simmons must be doing really well at the moment as managing partner David Dickinson has enough spare time to moonlight as a TV antiques dealer. Star of the hit BBC programme Bargain Hunt, David Dickinson trips his way around the country hunting, well, bargains. Alright, alright we know that the TV chap isn't the David Dickinson as they look nothing like each other. However, the two Davids do have other things in common. On 'TV David's' website it says: "We all know David Dickinson to be a most charming and witty man." Indeed we do - Simmons' David demonstrated this to the full in his infamous interview with our very own dear departed Fiona Callister, who said of her memorable experience: "The time I spent with him was so far from being magical that given those 45 minutes again, I would swap them for an equivalent period in the dentist's chair."
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Research Policy
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2002, Volume 31, Issue 7
- 1123-1140 Do Germany's federal and land governments (still) co-ordinate their innovation policies?
by Wilson, David & Souitaris, Vangelis - 1141-1161 Intellectual property rights, strategic technology agreements and market structure: The case of GSM
by Bekkers, Rudi & Duysters, Geert & Verspagen, Bart - 1163-1180 Firm size and technology centrality in industry-university interactions
by Santoro, Michael D. & Chakrabarti, Alok K. - 1181-1198 Determinants of knowledge diffusion as evidenced in patent data: the case of liquid crystal display technology
by Stolpe, Michael - 1199-1211 E-business and manufacturing sector: a study of small and medium-sized enterprises in India
by Lal, K. - 1213-1214 The Globalizing Learning Economy: D. Archibugi, B. Lundvall (Eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001, pp. 307, price [UK pound]40, ISBN: 0199241090
by Meliciani, Valentina - 1214-1215 Governing Molecules. The Discoursive Politics of Genetic Engineering in Europe and the United States: Herbert Gottweis, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, London, UK 1998, 397 pp
by Dolata, Ulrich - 1215-1217 Trade Specialisation, Technology and Economic Growth. Theory and Evidence from Advanced Countries: Keld Laursen, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2000, 224 pp., Price [UK pound]49.95, ISBN: 1-84064-385-4: Technology, Trade and Growth in OECD Countries. Does Specialisation Matter?: Valentina Meliciani, Routledge, London, 2001, 208 pp., Price [UK pound]55.00, ISBN: 0-415-24185-5
by Archibugi, Daniele - 1217-1219 Making New Technologies Work for Human Development: United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2001, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, July 2001, 278 pp., Price [UK pound]19.99, ISBN: 0-19-521835-3
by Archibugi, Daniele
2002, Volume 31, Issue 6
- 849-858 When do industries cluster?: A proposal on how to assess an industry's propensity to concentrate at a single region or nation
by Steinle, Claus & Schiele, Holger - 859-876 Science Parks and the growth of new technology-based firms--academic-industry links, innovation and markets
by Lofsten, Hans & Lindelof, Peter - 877-898 Technological trajectories as moderators of firm-level determinants of innovation
by Souitaris, Vangelis - 899-933 The determinants of national innovative capacity
by Furman, Jeffrey L. & Porter, Michael E. & Stern, Scott - 935-946 Constructing a selection environment: competing expectations for CFC alternatives
by Glynn, Steven - 947-967 Who co-operates for innovation, and why: An empirical analysis
by Tether, Bruce S. - 969-988 On the diffusion of probabilistic investment appraisal and decision-making procedures in the UK's upstream oil and gas industry
by Finch, John H. & Macmillan, Fiona E. & Simpson, Graeme S. - 989-1008 Building competitive advantage: innovation and corporate governance in European construction
by Miozzo, Marcela & Dewick, Paul - 1009-1030 Do UK venture capitalists still have a bias against investment in new technology firms
by Lockett, Andy & Murray, Gordon & Wright, Mike - 1031-1034 The Economic Challenge for Europe: Adapting to Innovation Based Growth: Fagerberg, J., Guerrieri, P., Verspagen, B. (Eds.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 1999, 250 pp. Price [UK pound]59.95, ISBN 1-84064-124-X: The Organization of Economic Innovation in Europe: Gambardella, A., Malerba, F. (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, 396 pp. Price [UK pound]47.50, ISBN 0-521-64303-1: The Employment Impact of Innovation: Evidence and Policy: Vivarelli, M., Pianta, M. (Eds.), Routledge, London, 2000, 224 pp., Price [UK pound]55, ISBN 0-415-20433-X
by Archibugi, Daniele
2002, Volume 31, Issue 5
- 657-671 The client role in consultancy relations during the appropriation of technological innovations
by Hislop, Donald - 673-692 Cooperative R&D in Japan and Korea: a comparison of industrial policy
by Sakakibara, Mariko & Cho, Dong-Sung - 693-717 Public agricultural R&D design and technological spill-ins: A dynamic model
by Esposti, Roberto - 719-733 On the nature and evolution of human know-how
by Nelson, Katherine & Nelson, Richard R. - 735-747 Innovation, collaboration and SMEs internal research capacities
by Bougrain, Frederic & Haudeville, Bernard - 749-767 The organization of scientific collaborations
by Chompalov, Ivan & Genuth, Joel & Shrum, Wesley - 769-794 A churn model of scientific knowledge value: Internet researchers as a knowledge value collective
by Bozeman, Barry & Rogers, Juan D. - 795-816 Innovation systems and 'inertia' in R&D location: Norwegian firms and the role of systemic lock-in
by Narula, Rajneesh - 817-833 The developing role of departments
by Morris, Norma - 835-846 Formation of social networks and diffusion of innovations
by Deroian, Frederic - 847-848 Letter to the editor
by Thuriaux, Ben
2002, Volume 31, Issue 4
- 477-492 Inter-firm R&D partnerships: an overview of major trends and patterns since 1960
by Hagedoorn, John - 493-507 Research joint ventures and firm level performance
by Benfratello, Luigi & Sembenelli, Alessandro - 509-526 Science dependence of technologies: evidence from inventions and their inventors
by Tijssen, Robert J. W. - 527-542 The effects of the US Plant Variety Protection Act on wheat genetic improvement
by Alston, Julian M. & Venner, Raymond J. - 543-567 Patterns of technological learning among the strategic groups in the Korean Electronic Parts Industry
by Kim, Youngbae & Lee, Byungheon - 569-588 Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization: four different patterns of managing research and development
by von Zedtwitz, Maximilian & Gassmann, Oliver - 589-609 'Location versus home country advantages' in R&D activities: some further results on multinationals' locational strategies
by Bas, Christian Le & Sierra, Christophe - 611-632 Assessment of the scientific basis of interdisciplinary, applied research: Application of bibliometric methods in Nutrition and Food Research
by van Raan, A. F. J. & van Leeuwen, Th. N. - 633-651 The origins and dynamics of Taiwan's R&D consortia
by Mathews, John A. - 654-655 The Economics of Knowledge Production: Funding and Structure of University Research
by Llerena, Patrick
2002, Volume 31, Issue 3
- 303-328 Knowledge interactions between universities and industry in Austria: sectoral patterns and determinants
by Schartinger, Doris & Rammer, Christian & Fischer, Manfred M. & Frohlich, Josef - 329-355 Introducing an infrastructure for joined-up-government in local public administration: a West Lothian case study
by Kinder, T. - 357-379 Tacitness, codification of technological knowledge and the organisation of industry
by Balconi, Margherita - 381-398 Who is interested in biotech? R&D strategies, knowledge base and market sales of Indian biopharmaceutical firms
by Ramani, Shyama V. - 399-418 Academic patent quality and quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole act in the United States
by Mowery, David C. & Ziedonis, Arvids A. - 419-435 Converting military technology through corporate entrepreneurship
by Azulay, Israel & Lerner, Miri & Tishler, Asher - 437-455 Technology and market orientation in company participation in the EU framework programme
by Luukkonen, Terttu - 457-474 Impacts of research universities on technological innovation in industry: evidence from engineering research centers
by Feller, Irwin & Ailes, Catherine P. & Roessner, J. David - 475-476 The Economics of Science and Innovation: Paula E. Stephan, David B. Audretsch (Eds.), The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, Vol. 117, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA, USA, 2000
by Elgar, Edward
2002, Volume 31, Issue 2
- 185-190 Editorial
by Andersen, Esben Sloth & Lundvall, Bengt-Ake & Sorrn-Friese, Henrik - 191-211 Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems--complementarity and economic growth
by Freeman, Chris - 213-231 National systems of production, innovation and competence building
by Lundvall, Bengt-Ake & Johnson, Bjorn & Andersen, Esben Sloth & Dalum, Bent - 233-245 Innovation systems: analytical and methodological issues
by Carlsson, Bo & Jacobsson, Staffan & Holmen, Magnus & Rickne, Annika - 247-264 Sectoral systems of innovation and production
by Malerba, Franco - 265-272 Technology, institutions, and innovation systems
by Nelson, Richard R. & Nelson, Katherine - 273-290 Organizations, firms and institutions in the generation of innovation
by Coriat, Benjamin & Weinstein, Olivier - 291-302 National systems of innovations are "x-efficient" (and x-effective): Why some are slow learners
by Niosi, Jorge
2002, Volume 31, Issue 1
- 1-18 Impediments to advanced technology adoption for Canadian manufacturers
by Baldwin, John & Lin, Zhengxi - 19-30 Does economic liberalisation endanger indigenous technological developments?: An analysis of the Indian experience
by Katrak, Homi - 31-53 Privatization processes and the redefinition of corporate R&D boundaries
by Munari, Federico & Roberts, Edward B. & Sobrero, Maurizio - 55-72 Innovation and research policy in France (1980-2000) or the disappearance of the Colbertist state
by Mustar, Philippe & Laredo, Philippe - 73-94 Does technological learning pay off? Inter-firm differences in technological capability-accumulation paths and operational performance improvement
by Figueiredo, Paulo N. - 95-107 R&D and foreign sales in Swedish multinationals: a simultaneous relationship?
by Fors, Gunnar & Svensson, Roger - 109-124 Growth and productive efficiency of university intellectual property licensing
by Thursby, Jerry G. & Kemp, Sukanya - 125-144 Measuring knowledge spillovers in manufacturing and services: an empirical assessment of alternative approaches
by Kaiser, Ulrich - 145-158 Public/private technology partnerships: evaluating SBIR-supported research
by Audretsch, David B. & Link, Albert N. & Scott, John T. - 159-182 Strategic management of supplier-manufacturer relations in new product development
by Sobrero, Maurizio & Roberts, Edward B. - 183-184 Knowledge and Investment: The Sources of Innovation in Industry: Rinaldo Evangelista, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA, USA, 1999
by Tether, Bruce S.
2001, Volume 30, Issue 9
- 1353-1354 Editorial
by Cohendet, Patrick & Meyer-Krahmer, Frieder - 1355-1372 Expert systems: aspects of and limitations to the codifiability of knowledge
by Cowan, Robin - 1373-1394 Inter-project learning: processes and outcomes of knowledge codification in project-based firms
by Prencipe, Andrea & Tell, Fredrik - 1395-1407 Completion of knowledge codification: an illustration through the ISO 9000 standards implementation process
by Benezech, Daniele & Lambert, Gilles & Lanoux, Blandine & Lerch, Christophe & Loos-Baroin, Jocelyne - 1409-1424 Crafting the virtual prototype: how firms integrate knowledge and capabilities across organisational boundaries
by D'Adderio, Luciana - 1425-1442 Codified-tacit and general-specific knowledge in the division of labour among firms: A study of the software industry
by Grimaldi, Rosa & Torrisi, Salvatore - 1443-1458 Organisational rules, codification and knowledge creation in inter-organisation cooperative agreements
by Avadikyan, Arman & Llerena, Patrick & Matt, Mireille & Rozan, Anne & Wolff, Sandrine - 1459-1478 Technology transfer revisited from the perspective of the knowledge-based economy
by Amesse, Fernand & Cohendet, P. - 1479-1500 Knowledge codification and the geography of innovation: the case of Brescia mechanical cluster
by Lissoni, Francesco - 1501-1516 Business services as actors of knowledge transformation: the role of KIBS in regional and national innovation systems
by Muller, Emmanuel & Zenker, Andrea - 1517-1535 Consultants and experts in management consulting firms
by Creplet, F. & Dupouet, O. & Kern, F. & Mehmanpazir, B. & Munier, F. - 1537-1551 The role of knowledge codification in the emergence of consensus under uncertainty: empirical analysis and policy implications
by Munier, Francis & Ronde, Patrick - 1553-1561 Facing the problem of unbalanced development of knowledge across sectors and fields: the case of the knowledge base in primary education
by Foray, Dominique - 1563-1591 The theoretical and policy implications of knowledge codification
by Cohendet, Patrick & Meyer-Krahmer, Frieder
2001, Volume 30, Issue 8
- 1165-1184 Diversification dynamics of the Japanese industry
by Gemba, Kiminori & Kodama, Fumio - 1185-1201 Export behaviour of Italian manufacturing firms over the nineties: the role of innovation
by Basile, Roberto - 1203-1219 Making and implementing foresight policy to engage the academic community: health and life scientists' involvement in, and response to, development of the UK's technology foresight programme
by Hanney, Steve & Henkel, Mary & Walden Laing, Dagmar von - 1221-1234 Changing knowledge production and Latin American universities
by Arocena, Rodrigo & Sutz, Judith - 1235-1251 Complementary assets, strategic alliances, and the incumbent's advantage: an empirical study of industry and firm effects in the biopharmaceutical industry
by Rothaermel, Frank T. - 1253-1266 The internationalisation of technology analysed with patent data
by Guellec, Dominique & Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, Bruno v. - 1267-1287 The Indian software services industry
by Arora, Ashish & Arunachalam, V. S. & Asundi, Jai & Fernandes, Ronald - 1289-1307 Firms' motivations for cooperative R&D: an empirical analysis of Spanish firms
by Bayona, Cristina & Garcia-Marco, Teresa & Huerta, Emilio - 1309-1319 Exploring collaborative R&D network:: some new evidence in Japan
by Wen, Jiang & Kobayashi, Shinichi - 1321-1340 The automobile technological systems : An empirical analysis of four European countries
by Leoncini, Riccardo & Montresor, Sandro - 1341-1342 Foundation of the Economics of Innovation: Theory, Measurement and Practice: Hariolf Grupp (Ed.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham UK, 1998, 521 pp., [UK pound]65.00, ISBN 1-85898-7164
by Gambardella, Alfonso - 1342-1343 The Employment Impact of Innovation: Evidence and Policy: Marco Vivarelli and Mario Pianta (Eds.); Routledge, London and New York 2000
by Michie, Jonathan - 1343-1344 Real Science -- What It Is, and What It Means: John Ziman, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, 399 pp
by Schimank, Uwe - 1350-1352 Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries: David C. Mowery, Richard R. Nelson (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, 381 pp., price [UK pound] 37.50, ISBN 052164254X
by Lipsey, Richard G.
2001, Volume 30, Issue 7
- 993-1018 Cooperative research and development: who participates and in which industries do projects take place?
by Sakakibara, Mariko - 1019-1039 Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data
by Fleming, Lee & Sorenson, Olav - 1041-1057 Technological clusters with a knowledge-based principle: evidence from a Delphi investigation in the French case of the life sciences
by Ronde, Patrick - 1059-1068 The impact of patent protection, economy openness and national culture on R&D investment: a cross-country empirical investigation
by Varsakelis, Nikos C. - 1069-1078 Science and knowledge flows: evidence from the French case
by Autant-Bernard, Corinne - 1079-1090 Productivity growth and R&D expenditure in UK manufacturing firms
by Wakelin, Katharine - 1091-1114 Comparing innovation systems: a framework and application to China's transitional context
by Liu, Xielin & White, Steven - 1115-1138 Standardisation and particularisation in services: evidence from Germany
by Tether, Bruce S. & Hipp, Christiane & Miles, Ian - 1139-1158 The persistence of innovative activities: A cross-countries and cross-sectors comparative analysis
by Cefis, Elena & Orsenigo, Luigi - 1160-1161 China's Industrial Technology: Market Reform and Organisational Change: Shulin Gu, Routledge, London, 1999, 369 pp, [UK pound]65.00, ISBN 0415197414
by Wang, Q. - 1161-1162 Schumpeter and the Endogeneity of Technology: Some American Perspectives (The Graz Schumpeter Lectures): Nathan Rosenberg; Routledge, London and New York, 2000, viii+125 pp, [UK pound] 50.00
by von Tunzelmann, G. N. - 1162-1164 The Organization of Economic Innovation in Europe: Alfonso Gambardella and Franco Malerba (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1999, [UK pound] 45.00, ISBN 0-521-64303-1
by Cowan, R.
2001, Volume 30, Issue 6
- 869-872 Innovations in European and US innovation policy
by Shapira, Philip & Klein, Hans & Kuhlmann, Stefan - 873-889 Postindustrial technology policy
by Alic, John A. - 891-903 Evolving frameworks for European collaboration in research and technology
by Georghiou, Luke - 905-921 The erosion of state capacity and the European innovation policy dilemma: A comparison of German and EU information technology policies
by Grande, Edgar - 923-936 Antitrust and technological innovation in the US: ideas, institutions, decisions, and impacts, 1890-2000
by Hart, David M. - 937-951 Technology push-over: defense downturns and civilian technology policy
by Klein, Hans - 953-976 Future governance of innovation policy in Europe -- three scenarios
by Kuhlmann, Stefan - 977-992 US manufacturing extension partnerships: technology policy reinvented?
by Shapira, Philip
2001, Volume 30, Issue 5
- 711-724 Towards market repositioning in Central and Eastern Europe: international cooperative ventures in Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic
by Sadowski, Bert M. - 725-734 Identifying criteria for public agricultural research decisions
by Braunschweig, Thomas & Janssen, Willem & Rieder, Peter - 735-757 Organizational tension in international R&D management: the case of Japanese firms
by Asakawa, Kazuhiro - 759-775 Classifying technology policy from an evolutionary perspective
by Cantner, Uwe & Pyka, Andreas - 777-789 Proximity and localisation of corporate R&D activities
by Carrincazeaux, Christophe & Lung, Yannick & Rallet, Alain - 791-804 Science-industry interaction in the process of innovation: the importance of boundary-crossing between systems
by Kaufmann, Alexander & Todtling, Franz - 805-817 Development of national innovation policy in small developing countries: the case of Cyprus
by Hadjimanolis, Athanasios & Dickson, Keith - 819-836 Why promising technologies fail: the neglected role of user innovation during adoption
by Douthwaite, B. & Keatinge, J. D. H. & Park, J. R. - 837-849 Strange bedfellows in the personal computer industry: technology alliances between IBM and Apple
by Hagedoorn, John & Carayannis, Elias & Alexander, Jeffrey - 851-868 Technology exchange and the foreign business sector in Russia
by Dyker, David A.
2001, Volume 30, Issue 4
- 535-588 The dynamics of technological innovation: the case of the pharmaceutical industry
by Achilladelis, Basil & Antonakis, Nicholas - 589-610 Market- and committee-based mechanisms in the creation and diffusion of global industry standards: the case of mobile communication
by Funk, Jeffrey L. & Methe, David T. - 611-624 The relative effectiveness of patents and secrecy for appropriation
by Arundel, Anthony - 625-641 Public financing of cooperative R&D projects in Spain: the Concerted Projects under the National R&D Plan
by Ballesteros, Juan Acosta & Rico, Aurelia Modrego - 643-661 Location and network effects on innovation success: evidence for UK, German and Irish manufacturing plants
by Love, James H. & Roper, Stephen - 663-672 Towards a framework for justifying public agricultural R&D: the example of UK agricultural research policy
by Barnes, Andrew P. - 673-680 Earnings distribution among Spanish engineers: research vs. non-research occupations
by Lassibille, Gerard - 681-703 The changing composition of innovative activity in the US -- a portrait based on patent analysis
by Hicks, Diana & Breitzman, Tony & Olivastro, Dominic & Hamilton, Kimberly - 705-705 On line and on paper: visual representations, visual culture and computer graphics in design engineering: Kathryn Henderson, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. and London, 237 pages, 1998, ISBN 0-262-08269-1, Price $32.00/[UK pound]19.95
by Salter, Ammon - 706-708 Turbulence in economics: an evolutionary appraisal of cycles and complexity in historical processes: Francisco Louca, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1997, 400 pp., ISBN 1-85898-563-3, Price [UK pound]57.50
by Freeman, Chris
2001, Volume 30, Issue 3
- 357-361 Influence of interdisciplinarity on peer-review and bibliometric evaluations in physics research
by Rinia, E. J. & van Leeuwen, Th. N. & van Vuren, H. G. & van Raan, A. F. J. - 363-389 Innovation in Israel 1968-1997: a comparative analysis using patent data
by Trajtenberg, Manuel - 391-402 Innovating in Bulgaria -- two cases in the life of a laboratory before and after 1989
by Tchalakov, I. - 403-423 Innovation needs patents reform
by Kingston, William - 425-442 Intellectual property strategy in Japanese and UK companies: patent licensing decisions and learning opportunities
by Pitkethly, Robert H. - 443-458 Inter-firm network policies and firm performance: evaluating the impact of initiatives in the United Kingdom
by Huggins, Robert - 459-483 Technological regimes, catching-up and leapfrogging: findings from the Korean industries
by Lee, Keun & Lim, Chaisung - 485-508 Technological change and network dynamics: Lessons from the pharmaceutical industry
by Orsenigo, L. & Pammolli, F. & Riccaboni, Massimo - 509-532 The economic benefits of publicly funded basic research: a critical review
by Salter, Ammon J. & Martin, Ben R. - 533-534 Slavo Radosevic Edward Elgar Chettenham, Northampton 1999, International Technology Transfer and Catch-up in Economic Development
by Walter, Gunter H.
2001, Volume 30, Issue 2
- 179-199 Unintended consequences of cooperative research: impact of industry sponsorship on climate for academic freedom and other graduate student outcome
by Behrens, Teresa R. & Gray, Denis O. - 201-225 Design and policy choices for technology extension organizations
by Kolodny, Harvey & Stymne, Bengt & Shani, Rami & Figuera, Juan Ramon & Lillrank, Paul - 227-244 The tangible contribution of R&D-spending foreign-owned plants to a host region: a plant level study of the Irish manufacturing sector (1980-1996)
by Kearns, Allan & Ruane, Frances - 245-262 Technology, innovation capacity, and the export attitude of small manufacturing firms: a logit/tobit model
by Nassimbeni, Guido - 263-273 Designing Dolly: interactions between economics, technology and science and the evolution of hybrid institutions
by Fransman, Martin - 275-296 Regional cohesion in Europe? An analysis of how EU public RTD support influences the techno-economic regional landscape
by Clarysse, Bart & Muldur, Ugur - 297-312 Who cooperates on R&D?
by Fritsch, Michael & Lukas, Rolf - 313-332 Overseas innovations by Japanese firms: an analysis of patent and subsidiary data
by Belderbos, Rene - 333-349 Utilization of social science research knowledge in Canada
by Landry, Rejean & Amara, Nabil & Lamari, Moktar - 351-352 Book Review
by Unknown - 354-355 Valuing Technology. Organisations, Culture and Change Janice McLaughlin, Paul Rosen, David Skinner and Andrew Webster, Routledge, London, 1999, 259 pp., [UK pound]19.99, ISBN: 0415 192 110
by Wyatt, Sally
2001, Volume 30, Issue 1
- 1-19 Structural reforms and technological behaviour: The sources and nature of technological change in Latin America in the 1990s
by Katz, Jorge - 21-34 Technology use and plant closure1
by Colombo, Massimo G. & Delmastro, Marco - 35-54 Global and domestic utilization of industrial relevant science: patent citation analysis of science-technology interactions and knowledge flows
by Tijssen, Robert J. W. - 55-77 The organization of innovation in a transitional economy: business and government in Chinese electronic publishing
by Lu, Qiwen & Lazonick, William - 79-97 Contribution of new technology-based firms to the strengthening of technological capabilities in intermediate economies
by Fontes, Margarida & Coombs, Rod - 99-119 The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. universities: an assessment of the effects of the Bayh-Dole act of 1980
by Mowery, David C. & Nelson, Richard R. & Sampat, Bhaven N. & Ziedonis, Arvids A. - 121-141 Between data and decisions: the organization of agricultural economic information systems
by Wolf, Steven & Just, David & Zilberman, David - 143-157 Patent applications and subsequent changes of performance: evidence from time-series cross-section analyses on the firm level
by Ernst, Holger - 159-174 Determinants of location of overseas R&D activity of multinational enterprises: the case of US and Japanese corporations1
by Kumar, Nagesh - 175-176 Book Review
by Unknown - 176-177 Book Review
by Unknown
2000, Volume 29, Issue 9
- 1015-1031 Corporate strategic technological partnerships in the European information and communications technology industry
by Santangelo, Grazia D. - 1033-1046 Innovation regimes, R&D and radical innovations in telecommunications
by Godoe, Helge - 1047-1060 Domestic patents and developing countries: arguments for their study and data from Brazil (1980-1995)
by da Motta e Albuquerque, Eduardo - 1061-1080 The shift towards intellectual capitalism -- the role of infocom technologies1
by Granstrand, Ove - 1081-1093 Deregulation, technology imports and in-house R&D efforts: an analysis of the Indian experience
by Aggarwal, Aradhna - 1095-1109 Managing R&D in technology-followers
by Forbes, Naushad & Wield, David - 1111-1133 Technology policy and the regions -- the case of the BioRegio contest
by Dohse, Dirk - 1135-1155 Venture capital and the birth of the local area networking industry
by von Burg, Urs & Kenney, Martin - 1157-1163 Learning and the new growth theories: policy dilemma
by Firth, Lucy & Mellor, David - 1165-1183 Heart of darkness: modeling public-private funding interactions inside the R&D black box
by David, Paul A. & Hall, Bronwyn H. - 1185-1185 Letter to the Editor
by Rosenbloom, Richard S. - 1187-1188 Reply by Prof. F. Malerba and L. Orsenigo to Prof. R Rosenbloom's letter of 2nd November regarding use of terminology in their recent Research Policy paper, Technological entry, exit and survival: an empirical analysis of patent data, Vol. 28 (6) 1999
by Malerba, Franco & Orsenigo, Luigi - 1189-1191 Book Review
by Unknown - 1191-1193 Book Review
by Unknown - 1193-1195 Book Review
by Unknown
2000, Volume 29, Issue 7-8
- 793-804 Innovation in complex products and system
by Hobday, Mike & Rush, Howard & Tidd, Joe - 805-818 Complexity and the functions of the firm: breadth and depth
by Wang, Q. & von Tunzelmann, N. - 819-831 Patterns of innovating complex technologies: a framework for adaptive network strategies
by Kash, Don E. & Rycoft, Robert W. - 833-846 Entrapment in large technology systems: institutional commitment and power relations
by Walker, William - 847-870 When shakeout doesn't occur: The evolution of the turboprop engine industry
by Bonaccorsi, Andrea & Giuri, Paola - 871-893 The project-based organisation: an ideal form for managing complex products and systems?
by Hobday, Mike - 895-911 Breadth and depth of technological capabilities in CoPS: the case of the aircraft engine control system
by Prencipe, Andrea - 913-930 The product-process-organisation relationship in complex development projects
by Nightingale, P. - 931-953 Organisational capabilities and learning in complex product systems: towards repeatable solutions
by Davies, Andrew & Brady, Tim - 955-972 Innovation in project-based, service-enhanced firms: the construction of complex products and systems
by Gann, David M. & Salter, Ammon J. - 973-989 Innovation and learning in complex offshore construction projects
by Barlow, James - 991-1013 Managing project-system interfaces: case studies of railway projects in restructured UK and German markets
by Geyer, Anton & Davies, Andrew
2000, Volume 29, Issue 6
- 679-710 Antibiotics, invention and innovation
by Kingston, William - 711-724 Additionality of EU framework programmes1
by Luukkonen, Terttu - 725-740 The evolution of market structure in semiconductors: the role of product standards
by Gruber, Harald - 741-756 PhD job market: professional trajectories and incentives during the PhD
by Mangematin, V. - 757-766 Trait-making for labour-intensive technology in Sub-Saharan Africa
by James, Jeffrey


text:
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A collection of news and information related to Montreal Expos published by this site and its partners.
Top Montreal Expos Articles
Displaying items 45-55
A case for Tim Raines and Hall of Fame
Orioles extend contracts of Buck Showalter and Dan Duquette through 2018 season
Briefs: Balester-Conger golf tourney on Monday
Story | Jan 2, 2013 | 1:31 PMA pair of local professional baseball players, along with Toyota of Huntington Beach, is staging the Collin Balester-Hank Conger Golf Invitational Monday at Seacliff Country Club in Huntington Beach. Both Balester (2004) and Conger (2006) are graduates... -
TV rights fees dispute could fuel O's, Nationals rivalry
Orioles deny reports of possible MASN sale
Notes: Orioles third baseman Manny Machado has overcome meningitis scare
Orioles hire Matt Haas as national crosschecker
Dan Duquette has fifth highest winning percentage among 2012 GMs
Orioles look to bolster amateur scouting with second national crosschecker
Cardinals blast Nationals, who miss chance to wrap up NL East
Story | Sep 30, 2012 | 5:45 PMAnd the Washington Nationals wait. Already assured of the capital's first postseason baseball since 1933, the Nationals remained stalled in their drive for the NL East title when they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals 10-4 Sunday. "We've... -
All-Star Larry Parrish Is New Whitecaps Manager


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Woodland Imports Metal Elephant Wind Chime
Add a touch of beauty to your home interiors with Attractive Elephant Shaped Design Metal Elephant Wind Chime. When hanged on the roof of your living room, porch, or patio, this beautiful wind chime is sure to add great ambience to your liv...ing space. . The links provided on top of the wind chime are helpful to attach it to the desired place. This useful dťcor item displays sophisticated artistry fused with elegance makes metal elephant wind chime highly enthralling. This beautiful wind chime is basically designed in the shape of an elephant with clear lines and fine detail. The cylindrical metal bells are lightweight and sway to even the slight breeze. This wind chime is a perfect addition to enliven the dull and drab environment of yours. Features: Lightweight cylindrical metal bells Links provided on top for easy hanging Perfect addition to the stale environment Elephant shaped design with clear lines and fine detail Dimensions: 17" H x 9" W x 1" D, 0.66 lb read more
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This great idea puts the right light in exactly the right place. These versatile lights are ideal for lighting along decks, porch ...steps, and above stairways to ensure safety and security while illuminating your landscape. Features:Deck light Diffuser: Textured seedy linen glass Body Material: Brass Zen Garden collection Voltage: 12V Maximum Wattage: 6.5W Bulb Base: Wedge T5 read more
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Congress is a traditional design that combines both hip and historical elements. The chic, retro glass pendant is the perfect acce...nt to any dťcor. Features:Mini pendant Number of lights: 1 Material: Steel Glass type: Etched opal Safety rating: cUL-us dry listed 120 Volts Bulb type: 100W medium base bulb read more
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