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antenna design for 50Mhz
Posted 02 January 2006 - 05:25 PM
Thanks in advance.
Posted 02 January 2006 - 05:58 PM
(2) What is your goal?
Posted 03 January 2006 - 12:30 AM
Posted 03 January 2006 - 08:30 AM
My opinion is that the Rx end is where the attention should be if more range is needed.
Posted 03 January 2006 - 12:14 PM
With stock setup, ie. rubber ducky antenna from smiley antenna, and a number of 50Mhz Rx's I get some glitches at a distance of a little greater then three soccer fields. Rx's used include Futaba R149DP PCM, FMA M5vII, Berg 6 DSP G III, and FMA FS8 co-pilot. The co-pilot will even tell me the number of glitches. I have also used HiTech electron on 72Mhz. While the glitches are often minor, such as a sudden amount of aileron or throttle change with the HiTec electron, the other rx's just refuse to acknowledge commands for a few seconds (that seems like eternity). With foamies, I can live with that, but with a $200 video camera, $200 video tx, $100 gps, $100 motor, $400 li-po batteries, $200 ESC, and a $200 plane, $400 overlay board, opto isolation board, etc, I want to ensure glitches never happen.(1) With your stock setup, if you performed a careful range test, what would you get?
(2) What is your goal?
My Goal? Glitch free operation beyond visual range. Before one starts about not being AMA legal, this will be used by a local government that will not operate under AMA guidelines.
Forgot to add:
I might try this antenna since it is so cheap, any thoughts?
Edited by dalbert02, 03 January 2006 - 12:20 PM.
Posted 03 January 2006 - 12:43 PM
Just so that we can understand what range improvement you need, what relative magnitude increase in range are you looking for: 2X, 3X, ... 10X?With stock setup, ie. rubber ducky antenna from smiley antenna, and a number of 50Mhz Rx's I get some glitches at a distance of a little greater then three soccer fields. .... My Goal? Glitch free operation beyond visual range.
Keep in mind that a USA Gov Agency or commercial venue is not normally allowed to use the Ham Band (there are exceptions, like for RACES/Civil-Defense or approved military recreation). If it is a personal hobby activity then you are good to go.Before one starts about not being AMA legal, this will be used by a local government that will not operate under AMA guidelines.
Posted 03 January 2006 - 02:48 PM
I'm getting a bit off course here, should I base myself on your test report to adjust lengths, or would you see other ways of improving things?While you are at it, an optimized Rx antenna would be good too.
I can't think of something really better than wire considering the size of a "real" antenna for these freqs would be on a plane... and omnidirectionality is obviously mandatory...
My opinion is that the Rx end is where the attention should be if more range is needed.
Definitely, like always
Posted 03 January 2006 - 04:18 PM
Well, this info is probably what I would have eventually posted here, so it is not off course at all.I'm getting a bit off course here, should I base myself on your test report to adjust lengths, or would you see other ways of improving things?
I suggest that you install the longest Rx antenna element that you can accommodate, up to a 1/2 wavelength. Mount it so that its hung path offers the largest RF profile possible. Perhaps have it go from the model's fuselage to a wingtip, then straight back to the tail.
For extra credit, and if you have the room on the model, install a counterpoised antenna, of similar length, to the Rx's RF ground (any vast grounded copper area in the Rx's front end). The counterpoise should be mounted opposite of the main antenna element (sort of mirrored). Cyber-flyer did this long ago, so maybe he will chime in to say if it was worth the effort for him.
Once all this is in place, and the servo/Rx/Bat wiring is where it will remain, tweak the antenna matching coil in the Rx for the very best range. This coil is not in the IF strip -- it is the one nearest the antenna wire (antenna usually connects to it via a matching network). You should do the tweaking with the proper tool (correct size & non-inductive), in an open area that is free of interference and other annoyances. The Rx's RSSI output can be used to help in this effort.
Lastly, compare the new results to what you had before. I predict you will see much better range.
BTW, if you add the preamp later then the antenna matching coil will need to be tweaked again. Also, the preamp is probably going to be designed for 50 ohm input impedance, so a full 1/4 wave aerial is ideal if you wish to achieve perfection. Keep in mind that a preamp can overload the Rx at close distances or from extraneous sources, so try to use a Rx with AGC (many don't have this feature).
Posted 04 January 2006 - 05:26 AM
Somthing like,
with C=center, I would have a 100 sq mi big box to fly in.
I am starting to think that a tracking system would make the most sense. This would increase the range of my Tx as I could use a higher gain directions yagi and also improve the Rx of the video signal.
This is only a proof-of-concept vehicle to be used in a USAR (Urban Search & Rescue) application. Once I can prove it will work and can get some grant money, then I will worry about getting things on the proper freqs. At this point, it is an out of my pocket expense, an experiment basically.
Posted 04 January 2006 - 07:54 AM
For licensed 6-meter R/C you are allowed 1W output from the Tx. So, a high gain Tx antenna, like a Yagi, is in order (something with about 10dBi of gain). It would help to properly adjust the Tx's PA for highest output power (up to 1W) with the new antenna. Then incorporate Kilrah's idea of using a low noise preamp and optimized Rx antenna. In the end, your practical range will depend on the operating environment and luck.
Edited by Mr.RC-Cam, 04 January 2006 - 09:04 AM.
Posted 04 January 2006 - 10:46 AM
Tracking antenna will help but not on 50mhz (6 m antenna size). Try new 2.4 Ghz DSS systems with compact tracking antenna.
Posted 04 January 2006 - 11:01 AM
Thanks for your thoughts and opinions, I really appreciate the feedback.
Add: Didn't see CyberFlyers response. The 2.4Ghz spread spectrum idea is certainly worth considering. However, I have read that the 2.4Ghz video systems we use can conflict. It seems that RCCAM and CyberFlyer agree on modifying the Rx rather then concentrating on the Tx. Kilrah, I can't wait for your results! Please let us know what happens. I wait with eager anticipation!
Edited by dalbert02, 04 January 2006 - 11:09 AM.
Posted 04 January 2006 - 11:33 AM
While on the MFJ website, I cam across the following:
With fixed HF vertical antennas the efficiency is greatly improved when using some form of ground plane. VHF and UHF handheld radios and their associated whips work well allowing you to wander around the countryside, or down the street, enjoying ham radio communications. However, stop and think how this antenna actually works. Consider a simple quarter wave vertical on a 2m VHF handheld. Like any quarter wave vertical it needs a ground plane, in this
case around 19 in length. This is easily provided by the copper on the radios circuit board and aided by the operators hand capacity. Therefore, when operating VHF or UHF, do not consider the missing quarter wave counterpoise. There is enough stray capacity and inductance to take care of this. However, on HF it is completely different. There is no way that the radio can offer a sufficient
ground plane for an HF vertical antenna to work. In fact, you can easily prove the point for yourself. Attach a resonant antenna, then switch to the appropriate band and listen to a signal. Then, grasp the radio firmly with both hands and hear how the signal rises. Place the radio on a metal surface such as an office filing cabinet and hear the same effect. This shows the importance of a ground plane. It is crucial to provide the missing quarter wave ground plane in order to achieve efficient operation. To provide the missing length of wire, you need to attach
a length of flex to the earth terminal and run it along the ground or throw it out a
window. Length is not absolutely critical but you should aim for the lengths mentioned on the next page. For the low frequency bands, you could save yourself some length by adding an inductor in the wire, but you will have to experiment with values and lengths. To improve signals even more, carry a short copper stake to go into the ground and attach this to your radio and the
ground plane. The gauge of the flex is not important and it does not matter whether you use bare copper or plastic covered flex.
Length of telescopic is bottom end of each band, with ground plane wire fixed
to earth connection of radio.
2m, 70cm, and dual band antennas do not need a ground wire.
MFJ-1806T 6m.............109.22cm (3 -7)
MFJ-1810T 10m...........195.58cm (6 -5)
MFJ-1812T 12m...........220.98cm (7 -3)
MFJ-1815T 15m...........261.62cm (8 -7)
MFJ-1817T 17m...........304.8cm (10 -0)
MFJ-1820T 20m...........391.16cm (12 -10)
MFJ-1830T 30m...........548.64cm (18 -0)
MFJ-1840T 40m...........784.86cm (25 -9)
MFJ-1880T 80m...........1569.72cm (51 -6)
Ground plane lengths given for lowest frequency in each band. Longer lengths
of wire are needed the lower the band.
The funny thing I noticed was that inside my radio, Futaba 9C, there are two wires coming from the Rf amp. One goes to the center of the BNC connector for the smiley rubber duck, but the other is attached to the plastic case of the Tx. I know this is to 'ground' the system, but I can't imagine the plastic case being much of a conductor. Perhaps attaching this ground wire to a 1/8" jack and physically grounding the radio to a copper earth ground would help? Perhaps a small copper stake from the local home depot I could put in the ground?
Posted 04 January 2006 - 11:34 AM
Frankly, if you had a helper, the Tx antenna could be aimed by hand. A human would do a fine job -- just aim in the general direction of where the model is flying. At moderate distances, the beamspread becomes very wide, so laser like aim is not needed. But I agree with Cyber-Flyer that the required range is beyond practical use.Obviously a yagi would necessitate a tracking system as I mentioned above.
Keep in mind that the tracking system you are speaking of would work opposite of what folks like cyber-flyer have done. For example, his moves a Rx antenna, which has some inherent advantages. In your case, the Tx antenna is what needs to be moved around. So, to work via automation, the model would need to transmit its coordinates back to the ground station so that your Tx antenna would know where to point. Or you could do the obvious thing and build a traditional Video Rx signal tracker and mount the big 6-meter Tx antenna on it.
EDIT (saw your new post after entering this one):
Get rid of the rubber duck if you want long range. The duck is costing you -5dB.One goes to the center of the BNC connector for the smiley rubber duck, but the other is attached to the plastic case of the Tx. I know this is to 'ground' the system, but I can't imagine the plastic case being much of a conductor.
The human body counterpoise on your RC Tx is capacitively coupled to the RF deck. It is not very efficient, but works fine for the "beyond visual range" performance that the mfg's claim. Adding a real RF ground to Earth will help a lot, but should be done in concert with a re-tweak of the R/C RF deck's final PA (antenna matching).
Although anything is better than nothing, that vendor's statement is not entirely true for ideal performance. A good ground wire is more than just a low gauge fellow connected to a short stake in the ground. You need a beefy RF ground wire/braid and the copper ground rod must be driven several feet into earth, perhaps with some radial members; sometimes a metal water service pipe is a good workaround.The gauge of the flex is not important ...
Cyber-Flyer, from what I have read, most R/C Rx's have RF sensitivity that is greater than 2uV. That suggests that a good preamp (and a Rx with AGC), should help out. But, the proof is in the pudding, as they say.And I don't believe the preamp will help but I am happy to be proven otherwise.
Edited by Mr.RC-Cam, 04 January 2006 - 03:01 PM.
Posted 04 January 2006 - 03:28 PM
As a receiver I'll use my Hyperion DSP-8FS. It uses a TA31136F demodulator which has a RSSI pin. Cool. There is only one tunable coil in there.
"One carefully controlled experiment is often times worth more than a thousand expert opinions".
Definitely, and I've been surprised a few times.. This brings a question to my mind:
Perhaps have it go from the model's fuselage to a wingtip, then straight back to the tail.
That means the wire will run horizontally as it seems. BUT.. seconding the remarks about polarization, this doesn't seem the best way to go to me. At the beginning on my ugly foamy plane I had the antenna running along the fuselage, that is horizontal, with maybe a little 5cm bit trailing freely. I was getting very annoyed because I had really bad range, starting having glitches at maybe 300m, 500m was getting very bad and I couldn't think about going further. I was ready to change the receiver, and then I eventually changed something on the plane, and ended up leaving the antenna totally free, dropping vertically under the plane because I was too lazy to get some tape in the other room. But - laziness sometimes not being so negative - the next flight I had went exceptionnally well, 1km without problems. Progressively pushed further, fixing the limit at 1.8km.
Nothing else changed, and never had any range issues again (I assume with standard gear - especially a micro-receiver on which is stated "only for parkflyers" - I shouldn't be expecting better )
I add that I have my TX antenna being vertical, wanting to fly around me at a certain horizontal distance. So definitely polarization has a huge influence.
Now to the point, should I try the same symmetrical arrangement, but with as many vertical segments as possible, or would it be advisable let's say to run each of the wires to the opposite wingtips, and then let them trail? Will uneven distance / alignment between wires matter?
I wait with eager anticipation!
Me too! preamps should arrive in 1 week or so. Will give it a try only with antenna change first, but I have to fly a bit with standard equipment before, as I don't have enough experience with this receiver. I know the R156F like my pocket with like 25 FPV flight hours now on this setup, but I only got the Hyperion one recently, plus I was using it in another model. I need to know how it behaves if I want to make reliable comparisons.
And to be able to fly I need to repair the plane as it did suffer a bit on my last flight over clouds... which was 100% predictable though
Nevermind, was worth it
TX cases are metallic-coated, at least Futaba "thumb-on" seriesthe other is attached to the plastic case of the Tx. I know this is to 'ground' the system, but I can't imagine the plastic case being much of a conductor.
That makes for a good contact with your hands. Though this is not right for guys like me who fly having the TX on the knees and not firmly holding the thing. I however certainly do rest my wristles on it, at least I think so
Keep in mind that the tracking system you are speaking of would work opposite of what folks like cyber-flyer have done. So, to work via automation, the model would need to transmit its coordinates back to the ground station so that your Tx antenna would know where to point. I have not heard of any hobbyists that have done this trick and posted the tech details to it.
Isn't that precisely what he is doing? Or have I forgotten my lesson? (his flight log )
Yup, at least that's what is usually statedmost R/C Rx's have RF sensitivity that is greater than 2uV.
Edited by Kilrah, 04 January 2006 - 03:30 PM.
Posted 04 January 2006 - 04:13 PM
A cross-polarized RF signal will cost you up to -20dB, so it all adds up. But, glitches at 300 meters, with a full range Rx, does hint that you had more than a cross-polarization issue.At the beginning on my ugly foamy plane I had the antenna running along the fuselage ... I had really bad range, starting having glitches at maybe 300m, 500m ... ended up leaving the antenna totally free, dropping vertically under the plane ...
As you already know, interference can come from within the model (ESC, servos, carbon push-rods, video equip, gremlins, bad karma). Running the Rx antenna along the fuselage can put you closer to the internal RF noise sources, which may have reduced the range in your case (hard to say). Possibly your vertical antenna mounting may have worked better because it was further away from nearby gremlins. That, plus better polarization, may have been the winning combo.
Basically, it is all a compromise when it comes to R/C antennas. My experiences sort of direct me to offer the antenna advice I dish out here. But, since every installation and environment is different, the best course of action is to perform several experiments with different antenna installations. It would be nice if you could see the RSSI voltage on your video display for easy data comparisons. The Gecko board does this and I found it to be very helpful (the reported signal levels have been very believable -- not goofy at all). You could do the same with a DVM panel meter in the camera view or with a flexible OSD board.
BTW, you will earn more performance if you re-adjust the Rx's antenna matching coil with each change in installation. So, if you experiment with the antenna, prepare to tweak. However, I think the Hyperions are Berg designs that are not adjustable.
Oops, I appear to have my wires crossed. I recall reading about a tracking antenna on the old forum that used Rx signal strength. But, I think you are correct that Cyber-flyer's system went beyond that and actually followed the GPS data via a telemetry link. I'll have to revisit his site!Isn't that precisely what he is doing? Or have I forgotten my lesson? (his flight log)
Posted 04 January 2006 - 05:18 PM
I think, I can answer that . My tracking antenna is using GPS coordinates of the model to calculate antenna azimuth/elevation and this of course can be used to transmit RC controlling signal. There is going to be a conflict if both video downlink and RC signal are using 2.4 GHz band. So, probably it's a good idea to move video downlink to 1.2 Ghz or 5Ghz.I'll have to revisit his site!
Posted 04 January 2006 - 08:37 PM
One of the interesting things I have heard about the new 2.4Ghz Spektrum DSS (digital spread spectrum) R/C system is that it can be setup to avoid video system conflicts. As the story goes, you just turn on the 2.4Ghz video Tx before turning on the Spektrum R/C system. It will then avoid transmission on the frequencies that are in-use, or so they say. Some claim you need to perform the unit's freq "binding" process, other say it is not needed. Either way, it sounds like there is a work around.
Don't forget that the 2.4Ghz RF path losses are tremendous (-34dB) when compared to 6-meter operation (or any of the other VHF R/C freqs). Had they asked me, I would have wished for a dual RF channel UHF R/C system that used Spektrum's DSS protocol.
Posted 05 January 2006 - 05:21 AM
Either way, it sounds like there is a work around.
You are probably right - it may be possible to make DSS system to avoid frequency range in use by downlink. I'd like to know if anybody tried it.
My guess is that the two signals will leak a bit into each others spectrum anyway. And because one will have a transmitter working right next to a receiver this may degrade receiver sensitivity a lot.
Do you mean loss in the air?Don't forget that the 2.4Ghz RF path losses are tremendous (-34dB)
Posted 05 January 2006 - 07:20 AM
A fellow reported on the rc-groups forum that this trick works and that he was able to avoid signal conflicts....it may be possible to make DSS system to avoid frequency range in use by downlink. I'd like to know if anybody tried it.
YesDo you mean loss in the air?


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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
3 MM points fantastic. Most of the people on your whiteboard are my buddies. Please accept my previous buddy request, or send one from your end. Thanks.
Nine years on gas buddy and nice numbers, Keep up the good work....... .....Lets be buddies
Located in Camrose John and u?
Congrats John.
Like your nice shiny new wheels!!! Did you have to build a longer garage?
Congratulations on reaching 3,000,000 points! Outstanding dedication!
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year and have a safe prosperous 2013 to you and your family. Want to be buddies?
Thank you for being my buddy. May you and yours have a Merry Christmas and a Happy, Healthy and Prosperous New Year too. Warren :-)
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you and your family! Have a nice week! Thanks! Ron
Thanks for the Thanksgiving wishes. Warren :-)


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Payroll Software - Here's Why Your Company Should Use Payroll Software
Source: Article Slide
Payroll software makes the preparation of employees' salary much easier. Nowadays, many businesses are already using payroll software to calculate employee salary. The software will automate the process, as well as the task of calculating taxes and deductions. However, before you purchase any payroll software, do find out whether your company really needs one. This paper explains some things that you should consider before buying a payroll software for your company.
Format: | HTML | Size: | 0.00 |
Date: | Oct 2008 |


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12-06-2009, 06:29 PM | #1 (permalink) |
U19 Vice-Captain
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: London
Posts: 503
The stats do not do him justice!
Which cricketers that you've seen either live or footage of (surely this subject requires you have seen them! lol) have records which do not do justice to how good they really were/are? I'll do a couple of my lifetime and wait for others to post Gower and Viv Richards' names. Lol. ---------------- SACHIN TENDULKAR- Simply the best batsman I've seen "live" all things considered. I don't think I need to convince anyone on here of how good he was, and still is (though not the player of the 90's and early 00's). His talent is deserving of a test average of 60, possibly more so in comparison to the guys of yesteryear based on how great a player of spin he was/is (and the wickets doing more for spin in the uncovered era). Hopefully he reaches 50 centuries in Tests and ODI's. He deserves to have the highest individual score in both tests and ODI's. A 401* in tests (against Australia. lol) and maybe a double century in the ODI format would be the icing on the cake for him. ----- MARK WAUGH- 1 of the most aesthetically pleasing batsmen I've ever seen and was Australia's version of Atlas during the early to mid 90's in both forms of the game. His 153* at Bangalore in 1998 following a 400+ innings by India and an awesome century by Sachin Tendulkar with all the pressure was typical Mark Waugh. India weren't going to get him out in a month of Sundays during that test. I can't think off the top of my head a (realistic) area of the field he couldn't play an elegant stroke for 4 to. His talent was deserving of a test average of 50 IMO. ----- JONTY RHODES- A few people I've talked to don't see what the fuss is about with Jonty Rhodes. You probably would've had to see him to know how good he was. I'd put him comfortably above the best fielders in the world today- and remember he played at a time when Herschelle Gibbs was at peak. Jonty probably saved more runs than he scored and is responsible for making awesome fielding mandatory for South African cricketers. Gibbs, de Villiers, Duminy, vd Merwe I'm sure will all point to Jonty being the reason they've taken fielding so seriously and spent time on it. Batting wise, his record isn't as good as he was a batsman imo. The average should be touching 40 and I'm sure he feels he deserved a few more centuries to his name. Between 1998 and 2000, he averaged 47 in tests and between 2000 and 2002 averaged 57 in ODI's including a run of 4 half-centuries against Australia. That's a better indicator of Rhodes' batting ability than before he altered his technique IMO. I can go on all night (ask my girlfriend...... maybe not) but I let you peeps have a go. - Steve
All-Time Test XI: Gavaskar, Boycott, Tendulkar, G.Pollock, V.Richards, Sobers, Gilchrist (wk), Warne (c), Waqar/Wasim, Lillee, Ambrose. |
12-06-2009, 06:46 PM | #2 (permalink) | |
International Coach
Join Date: Apr 2007
Location: NSW
Posts: 13,764
ME Waugh's place in the team was assured for much of his career so he did what he had to do. The fact that he never pushed on scoring 20 centuries with a H/S of 153, shows that once he got to his century it was time for a bit of fun most of the time. My favourite Test innings from Junior were his
He also made 27 scores between 60 and 80, if he had of pushed on to centuries in even half of them the final average would have been far greater, but I'll tell you what I would much rather watch a 60-80 score from MWaugh over a 150 from SWaugh. |
12-06-2009, 10:20 PM | #3 (permalink) | |
Global Moderator
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: Colll----ingggg---woooooodddd!!!!
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Yeah, I'd dispute that Junior deserved an average of 50. He looked to have the talent to do so, but obviously either lacked the application (the common theory) or else that appearance that he found it easy was misleading (which is his explanation). I think it's more the latter than the former, although obviously he didn't have the ruthless hunger of his brother. Either way, taking into account the era in which he played, I think his average fairly reflects how he was.
Disagree re Sachin as well. At his peak he would deserve an average of 60+, but if we say that should therefore be his career avg. that ignores the fact that for significant chunks of his career he was far below his peak. There were valid reasons for that which means we shouldn't detract from his rep. But neither should we pretend they didn't happen. Injuries, form slumps, having to play in adversity happen to all players if they're around for any amount of time, and that very fact makes averages useful guides. If we are to nominate people for whom their whole career record doesn't reflect the whole story, Viv Richards and Ian Botham are the two big ones that immediately come to mind. Even then, their records at their peak DO reflect how good they were, but in both cases their overall records suffer because they played so long past their peaks when their bodies were letting them down. .
Is Cam White, Is Good. |
12-06-2009, 10:25 PM | #4 (permalink) | |
Join Date: May 2009
Location: Smithsonian
Posts: 641
12-06-2009, 11:11 PM | #5 (permalink) |
Hall of Fame Member
Join Date: Jul 2008
Location: Crabs Subbie
Posts: 15,457
Tendulkar's ODI stats do great justice to his greatness.
In terms of openers, he is statistically miles ahead of all his peers. 14 players have scored over 5000 runs as an ODI opener (Greenidge is 15th with 4993). Tendulkar tops the averages, with an average of 48.11 from 303 innings opening the batting. Hayden is 2nd in the list, with an average of 44.30, closely followed by Mark Waugh, with an average of 44.06 opening. If you look at strike rates, of those who have scored over 5000 runs opening, only Sehwag (102), Gilchrist (98.02) and Jayasuriya (92.33) have scored their runs at a faster rate than Tendulkar (87.55) Of those 3, Gilchrist has the highest average - a mere 36.50. Generally at the top of the innings, a higher SR is traded off by a lower average and vice versa. To average as many runs as Tendulkar does, and score them at the rate Tendulkar does, has proven to be impossible for any other opening batsman in the history of the ODI game. Last edited by GingerFurball; 12-06-2009 at 11:13 PM. |
13-06-2009, 01:10 AM | #6 (permalink) |
International Coach
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: All Over
Posts: 14,653
I think people pretty much get what they deserve. Even the most talented people have technical issues that would have to be ignored to project them higher.
A guy like Tendulkar plays with an angled bat off the back foot. That isnt an issue when he is 'in form' but it hurts him when he is a little out of form. Botham had a batting technique well suited to the medium/quicks but he didnt get properly into line against the express bowlers and consequently he never knew where his off stump was. Rhodes was a technical mess and a substandard Test cricketer until he was properly tutored. etc I think it is often too easy to overlook the deficiencies in certain players and then revise history as to what our expectations should have been. For example Andy Caddick, on his day, was unplayable. Fast, bounce, swing, venom: he could have averaged low 20s in Test cricket. However, his failings meant that was not possible.
If I only just posted the above post, please wait 5 mins before replying as there is bound to be edits West Robham Rabid Wolves Caedere lemma quod eat lemma Happy Birthday! (easier than using Birthday threads) Email and MSN- Goughy at cricketmail dot net Last edited by Goughy; 13-06-2009 at 01:30 AM. |
13-06-2009, 01:28 AM | #7 (permalink) | |
Global Moderator
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: Colll----ingggg---woooooodddd!!!!
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Equally, some of the points that you cite as adversely affecting Tendulkar could also be argued to have benefitted him. Yes, he played a stack of cricket at times - some of those times were when he was in the very peak of his form, and that's probably helped his career record - in career terms he got to extract maximum benefit out of the times he was at his peak. It almost certainly did contribute to a degree of burn out later on, but he definitely got to make hay while the sun shined. If he'd played for Australia, he would have been a very different player, so its a bit speculative to say he would have definitely been better. And guys like Lara, Steve Waugh and Allan Border all dealt with periods where their team mates let them down badly. |
13-06-2009, 01:37 AM | #8 (permalink) |
International Vice-Captain
Join Date: Feb 2008
Location: Australia
Posts: 4,112
Carl Hooper
Mid 30's batting average does this man no justice. Behind maybe only Mark Waugh as the most stylish batsman of the 90's, early 00's. Played some of the more memorable destructive innings of recent cricketing history, yet let down countless times by his own lack of application. Feel that in 50 years time when someone is searching through the batting averages of the cricketers of the 90's and will simply write Carl Hooper off as a nothing special batsman. Those averages can never explain how incredible watching a Carl Hooper innings could be. |
13-06-2009, 01:47 AM | #9 (permalink) |
Cricket Web Staff Member
Join Date: May 2008
Location: high dudgeon
Posts: 9,737
Farokh Engineer - a wonderful batsman and wicketkeeper - as Goughy says if you look at them objectively (which I can't) then his figures are doubtless an accurate measure of his ability but they say nowt about the way he played the game
13-06-2009, 02:08 AM | #10 (permalink) |
Eternal Optimist
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Shake my tree where's the apple for me?
Posts: 43,624
Freddie, obv
Watch out, for as soon as it pleases them theyll send you out to protect their gold in wars whose weapons, rapidly developed by servile scientists, will become more and more deadly until they can with a flick of the finger tear a million of you to pieces RIP Craigos. A true CW legend. You will be missed. |
13-06-2009, 02:37 AM | #13 (permalink) |
Join Date: Sep 2002
Location: Stellenbosch - South Africa
Posts: 29,336
Without wanting to stir the pot, I'm not sure how you can look back on a guys career, say someone who averaged 28-30, and go, "actually he was way better than that"... Don't think so, I'll take the ones who averaged 45 and weren't so good..
13-06-2009, 03:02 AM | #15 (permalink) |
International Coach
Join Date: Sep 2008
Location: India
Posts: 10,223
India didn't play too many tests against Pakistan, Australia and SA when Tendulkar was at his peak. Definitely missed out there big time. IMO with England's traditional 'we don't care about ODI cricket' policy, Tendulkar would have been better off playing for them.
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Yep, very casual any time of day or night. Bring your short's, bathing suit, flop's and you'll fit right in, of course your gonna fit in anyway, your with the best women in the world!!!
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The resorts are casual. You see shorts and all kinds of casual wear. Don't feel pressured to take a lot of dress clothes. We've been on 3 resort trips and it is very laid back.
Maybe a weird question but I've not gone to a resort yet and am curious what most folks where in the evenings to eat and see the shows.


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in Cedar Hill, TX
38 attending
in Colleyville, TX
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in Dallas, TX
25 attending
in Dallas, TX
5 attending
30 Meetup Groups match "LGBT" near Arlington, TX
Meetup details are available only to members.
Welcome to the Women's Alliance for Leadership meetup group. Our Mission is to positively influence and support women of the LGBT community with their career development through skill building and networking in a professional environment." This group was originally founded in Dallas to provide women in LGBT community a professional environment to network and be active in the community. We meet every first Saturday of the month at the Dallas Resource Center at 2:00 PM. There are no membership r …
We are a group of LGBT people living in the Mid-Cities Area. We are looking for other like minded people to go do fun things with. For Example: Dinner, Movies, Sporting Events, game nights, going to the Theatre, you name it I am sure some of us will jump at the chance to go! We are ALL inclusive, straight, single, or coupled all are welcome! We do not discriminate! We can not wait to meet YOU!!
FIT 3 LGBT CROSS FIT, Embracing equality and health equity to foster the health of those who are lesbian, gay, bi and transgender. It is WiL's mission to foster the health of those who matter most.
Meetup details are available only to members.
I want a group of like minded people who can have fun together and who don't rely on faith. Atheists in the Texas LGBT community can be hard to find, but I know we're out there. Let's build a community where we can be ourselves.
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Some times our plans are spontaneous and we want others to join us right away. This page is a place to suggest your meetups or join our meet-ups and get to meet new friends today. Whether you would like to meet at a coffee shop, bar, have Sunday dinners, potlucks, breakfast plans, sports events, or any events you would like friends to come along and join this page is here. These can be kid friendly or not, be sure to post this information. The idea is if there are two people or families going it …
Meetup details are available only to members.
The purpose of this group is to give vegan, vegetarian, and veg-curious adults the opportunity to meet other like-minded individuals in a fun dating environment. Meetup locations may include veg-friendly restaurants, bars, or other venues in the Dallas/Fort Worth and extended areas. Activities may include mixers, speed dating, and other fun events. All events are LGBT friendly and open to adults of all ages!
Don't put off investing in your health. Get in shape with[color=coral] Fit 3 Cross Fitness In The Parks[/color][b][/b] creator WiL Turner. FiT 3 LGBT has bee developed to get you in shape in [b][color=tomato]MIND[/color] [color=coral]BODY[/color][/b] and [b][color=coral]SPIRIT[/color][/b]. Loose weight, relax, improve mental health, cardiovascular endurance, strength, flexibility and mobility. Groups meet every Saturday in Rverchon Park at 10:00 am. 3505 Maple Ave, Dallas Texas. Groups will …
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Calling all GLBT Community in Dallas! Do you love to travel? Do you want to be able to explore the world?? Well come on by and join this group and I will keep you updated on upcoming Gay Travel events going on!
Meetup details are available only to members.
Group Charter The Dallas Feminine Expression Group is primarily for all those that identify as female, or like to express their identity as female. We do have genetic girls as members, and female to male individuals are also welcome. The group is public but is highly moderated to protect everyone's identity and privacy. Yes the group is open to SOs, family members, women, men transmen transwomen etc. etc. - let's just say it's open to people that want to celebrate life with us. This is a soci …
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Young DFW Lesbian & Bisexual Women of Color is a social group geared towards young professionals that enjoy great conversation and the company of smart and beautiful women. This group is for 20 to mid 30 somethings that are outgoing, ambitious, sassy, and anything in-between women, who want to enjoy and appreciate Dallas and other surrounding cities. This is a welcoming environment where women can come and talk about whatever is on their mind, while maintaining confidentiality. Our meet ups will …
Carrollton Pride will provide educational outreach in Carrollton, host town hall meetings, work with other minority organizations to seek equal and appropriate representation, and hold nonpartisan voter registration drives. We are a social, nonpartisan group advocating for equality for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender community members in Carrollton, Tx We have monthly socials dinners. Check out or meetups to attend.
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This is the UNOFFICIAL GLBT Group for parishioners of Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Dallas, Texas and their friends. Our mission is to provide a social outlet for the GLBT community within Holy Trinity Parrish.
Meetup details are available only to members.
This group will focus on helping individuals accept their own sexual orientation and help them through the coming out process. I am a gay male who works as a Licensed Professional Counselor with a large number of gay and lesbian individuals. Their stories and struggles have impacted my life, and I want to help others through this process.
Meet other atheists, agnostics, humanists, heretics, and philosophers for dinner and drinks. We meetup for dinning out and fun Fort Worth events. Our goals are to meet new people, cultivate friendships, and interact with other metroplex area groups. We strive to keep our members "in the know" about other groups, community events, political and charitable opportunites, and world events of importance to the secular community. Most importantly, we have fun and keep up the great social tradition of …
Meetup details are available only to members.
Welcome to the GLBT Families of North Dallas Meetup Group! This group is focused on bringing same-sex parents and their children together for fun and support. Parents and children of all ages are welcome! We try have one or more meetup's per month and hope you will join us to meet other wonderful families just like you. Please feel free to suggest a meetup location and contact the group organizer for any questions you may have. We look forward to seeing you!
The Dallas Independent Volleyball Association was founded in 1989. DIVA is now one of the largest gay and lesbian and straight sports organizations in the metroplex. We offer competition and volleyball skills training at six different levels. You do NOT need to be a good player to join DIVA and have fun. Many people begin in the Recreational Division to learn the game and develop their skills. No matter how good you are at volleyball, there is a division and potential friends waiting for you in …
This is a group for anyone seeking to improve their life by examining your current way of thinking, believing, and acting and considering alternatives approaches that will result in better, more productive outcomes or achievements. Thinking different applies to any area of life such as work approaches, self perceptions, physical health, spirituality, relationships, goals, prejudices, additions and many other areas. We will meet at least monthly over dinner at various restaurants or bar and grill …
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For the last 4 years The NYC Business Networking Group (NYCBNG) has been a leader in hosting business networking events. We have earned the stellar reputation of the premier networking group and we're bring out signature events to Dallas. Each month we host free and paid business networking events to introduce you to the most dynamic business professionals. Membership to our group is free so join us. Group members are Dallas' most influential, successful business professionals and executives i …
We are a Catholic parish that meets each Sunday to celebrate Mass and Fellowship with one another, and are not associated with the Roman Diocese of Dallas. We celebrate a New Catholicism that is Accepting, Inclusive, and Loving of all people while keeping the beauty of the Mass alive! We seek to recognize God more clearly in ourselves and in all people of all walks of life and to serve God more generously in the world. We believe no matter what your situation in life is, you are always welcome i …
Meetup details are available only to members.
Looking for other couples to hang out with for fun and friendships? This group is for any black lesbian couples that are either married, committed, or just dating to socialize and network.
A bunch of like-minded free thinkers and skeptics who live in Wise County, Texas, and surrounding counties looking to meet others of a similar bent or turn of mind regardless of age for lively discussions and activities. We are a prophet-free organization.
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Politically homeless? Come to a Denton County Libertarian Meetup to share your opinions on today's political climate and issues and learn what's new in the Libertarian movement. Anyone with an interest in advancing Liberty is welcome!
Dallas Gay and Lesbian Singles is open to all LGBTQI singles who'd like to meet other singles for friendship or dating. We offer a variety of events and opportunities to meet other people. Some events are open to everyone, others specifically for women or men, certain age ranges, or specific interests, etc. There is only one criterion for being a member: That you attend as many events as possible. This is a singles group after all, and you won't meet a potential date unless you get out and socia …
Wanna help organize or run the monthly Gaybingo fundraiser for Resource Center Dallas? Every month take the S4 Rose Room and Granite Bar and convert it into a bingo hall to host the Gaybingo fundraiser. There's a lot of work, a lot of people, and a lot of fun to prepare for, setup, and organize this event! Come and help us raise money for the programs and services that we provide to people impacted by HIV/AIDS and the LGBT community. Next Gaybingo: Saturday, February 16, 2013 Theme: Broadway w …
We are a club of gay people from within the north Fort Worth area that meet once a month in members homes for potluck suppers. We welcome singles, couples, and their gay friendly friends. This is strictly a social group to make new friends with food, wine and great conversation.
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Welcome to Womenshare! Are you a mom with an infant or toddler? don't really go to play dates because all the other moms are not pagan or alternatively minded? Well here is your chance, I have created this group for Pagan/Alternative lifestyle/ spirituality moms to be able to go to play dates and actually have something to talk about. This is not a ritual group, but a social group. While the weather is nice we will meet outside at various Arlington parks, and see what else we might want to do in …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Friends horror movie meet up group. Dinner and a movie or get together for a pot luck. A great way to make friends and enjoy a scary movie.
Come Experience a new ministry in Arlington, TX!! We are a diverse and radically inclusive Christian ministry were all are welcome. We are a new start group where you can experience God through worship services, teaching sessions, charitable projects and social events. Come learn about powerful principals for better living, the power of belief, directing your mind and actions to achieve desired results and connect with loving and compassionate people. Our ministry purpose is to: 1. Spread the go …
We are a new community of faith meeting for worship on Saturday evenings at 5pm. in Sachse, TX. 5502 Ben Davis Rd., approximately 1 mile north on Hwy. 78 from Firewheel Center at George Bush Hwy. We are inclusive, open & affirming, progressive, and spiritually authentic. We are a safe place where everyone is accepted, questions are encouraged, and God's love is transforming. We have Blue Bell ice cream after worship. Dress is casual and comfortable. You still have time on Saturday nnight to go o …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
For calendar information and to RSVP please refer to the Chamber calendar at http://www.glbtchamber.org
Get an alert email when new Meetup Groups like this start near you.
You'll get advice, help finding members, and tools to make running a Meetup Group easier.


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HealthWise KnowledgeBase
Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125)
Test Overview
Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is a Reference protein Opens New Window found on the surface of many Reference ovarian cancer Opens New Window cells. It also can be found in other cancers and in small amounts in normal tissue. A CA-125 test measures the amount of this protein in the blood.
CA-125 is used as a Reference tumor marker Opens New Window, which means the test can help show if some types of cancer are present. Most often, the CA-125 test is used to check how well treatment for ovarian cancer is working or to see if ovarian cancer has returned.
By: | Reference Healthwise Staff | Last Revised: Reference May 6, 2011 |
Medical Review: | Reference Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine
Reference Thomas M. Bailey, MD - Family Medicine |
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Reference Terms of Use. Reference How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.


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Opinion > Star Staff
A Perilous Parenting Path
By Patti Pfeiffer
Published: Friday, October 5, 2012 4:35 PM CDT
It's a place I've never been. A pain I've never known. A role I never expected.
Constantly cracking, there's no way for my heart to heal. Focus on this day without fear of tomorrow I constantly coach myself.
Truth has a way of knocking a person upside the head causing the grimness of reality to pierce protection. How did it happen? Where was I?
For so long my rose-colored lenses provided a shield. Through my coveted glasses the view was brightly painted, glossed-over and dramatically different from the dark color of reality.
Relishing, coveting, welcoming, wanting, needing a distorted vision, denial has been my utopia. Yet this night I sat on the patio, knees pulled tightly to chest and rocked as tears flow. Truth ushered in ugliness.
A shadow, a shell of her former self, time is taking mom away, molding into her someone unknown. I'd watched as she walked in a shuffling sort of way. Her shoulders curved, a bend in her once straight stance. Her hands trembling slightly. The person I've known all my life had become a stranger almost overnight.
Mom's no longer the woman who never aged, the woman I wanted her to always remain. In a very brief time she'd gone from acting and appearing decades younger than her birth certificate declared to an old person turning 80 in October.
It seems like only yesterday she was self-reliant and content. The smiles are no more. Grins and laughter melted down to memories. Now she reviews, replays, stays endlessly stuck in and focused on the wretchedness that is her past, been her life.
Today absent. Tomorrow a dread.
Rushing ahead, hurrying toward the end, racing herself to the finish line, mom's engaged in self-destructive behavior. It's no comfort learning from experts that her actions are common among the elderly.
Attempting rescue I feverishly find ways to resuscitate, will life back into her to no avail. It is useless. And I feel helpless and hopeless.
Twisting, turning spinning, churning. Manageable on a good day, intolerable on others, some debilitating, I teeter close to an emotional melt-down, then get up, get a grip.
Hiding or running away seem like enticing invites. Other times I want to pull her tight. No matter. Always she pushes me away. My all seen as nothing, I'm forced to withdraw. Preservation.
Patience is short, my anger long. Holding in, then lashing out. Misguided, misdirected spewing spells. Anger flows, wave after wave and so unlike me. Tracing the source, so opposite of the apparent, it surprised even me.
It has nothing to do with her. It's all about me. To heck with time, additional candles every year, mom's never changed in my mind's eye. Gorgeous. Vibrant. Up for anything. Then, now, always. Thumbing time, I froze mom at 65, the age she visibly appears to be.
So this? The emotional mixture of anger, anxiety, anguish? It's the price I owe. Denial's due.
I'm no stranger to elderly issues. In a supporting role, I buoyed up two friends when their parents' trek took them down. I listened, talked, consoled, offering advice along their tumultuous care-giver's path before walking them through a funeral.
But that was them. Not me. Not my parent. Wrapped in denial, out of touch, comfortable, snug and safe I've been insulated and fortified living in a fairytale Foreverville.
Then a trespasser encroached intent on demolition. Three broken ribs from a fall followed weeks later by another which ushered in a first for mom. A chauffeured ride -- an ambulance trip to an ER.
Welcome my new reality, my undeniable reality.
Always echoing are the words of my sojourner sisters. "I thought I was in control. I was not. I wish I'd just let go, inhaled and exhaled through it all," one shares. "I wish I'd held mom more, hugged her tighter," another tells.
Advice I try desperately to follow, each and every day.
Now is all mom and I have. No matter whom she's become. No matter whom I'm forced to become.
For now, I am learning to be a parent to one I never birthed -- an elderly child conceived from role reversal. In the process comes the daunting task of redefining and learning to be daughter to a mom I've never known.
Patti Pfeiffer is a Star Local News columnist, freelance writer and author. She may be contacted at
Copyright © 2013 - Star Local News


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Anyone Going?
I'll see ya there.
Red Team.
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Monster Game Hells survivors Pinckney, Michigan
Posted 13 July 2012 - 03:50 PM
Ill be there. Yellow
I Don't Care If You're Under 18 And Pay For Your Gear, I'm 21 And My Mom AND GIRLFRIEND Buy Me Paintball Gear. (I HAVE a Job ;) )
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text: Via the MCR Twitter page, they are celebrating 20 million members and giving away a bunch of points and prizes. Do you think you have the biggest stash of 12-pk codes? Show us & earn 10 bonus pts. Learn how: http://twitpic.com/c9g2ti Follow @MyCokeRewards on Twitter. Tweet a picture of your pile of 12-pack codes with hashtag #MCR20Million and earn 10 bonus points. Ends 3/9/13 at 5pm EST. Limit 1 per member. Here is some additional info on the 20 Million celebration. |


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Skyla's eye mechanism is all fixed now, these are her pink eye chips.
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Refreshments will be provided! This event is designed to help you prepare for the December Commencement Ceremony and life after Graduation.
Important items at this event include:
Please notify the Office of the Registrar if you will not be attending the December Commencement Ceremony.
If you are unable to attend Grad Finale, you must take care of these important items before commencement by contacting the departments directly.
Payment Methods: Cash, Check (payable to University Book Center), or Major Credit Card.
(Visit the Bookstore online for additional information including hours of operation.)
Please visit the Commencement web page for more information including


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Originally Posted by Bear Goggles I think I added what you wanted, give a post and see. You didn't need to make a picture I was suggesting if you had a link to one or something you would like I could adjust it and add it. I know. I was just pointing out my skills at Photoshop are very low ;) Test test test Edit: Working as intented. Cheers!
Oderint dum metuant.
Goddamnit I can't get mine to work. Have tried everything you've said, which makes perfect sense and it should be working...but no.
nevermind, it seems to be working now!
Those Photoshops skills are quite impressive I must say.
Forum Rules


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Appendix 10: "How Can we Observe the Sala Prayers by Following the Quran Alone?"
"How can we observe the Sala prayers by following the Quran alone?" is a favorite question among the adherents of Sunni and Shiite sects who follow derivative texts, religious instruction, teachings and laws, all of which were authored by men. With this question, both sects try to justify the necessity and proliferation of contradictory sectarian teachings, medieval Arab culture, oppressive laws filled with numerous prohibitions and regulations--all falsely attributed to God and His prophet. Perhaps, the best answer for those who direct that question is the following:
If you are expecting the intercession of Muhammad and many other saints, if you are associating your religious leaders as partners to God in authoring your religion, justifying authoritarian regimes, violating women's rights and putting them in black sacks, showing no tolerance for the expression of opposing ideas and cultures, justifying the punishment of stoning to death for adulterers, adhering to numerous superstitions, entering the restroom with left foot, forcing your child to eat with right hand, prohibiting music and visual arts….. In short, if you are condemning yourself and your society to a backward and miserable life just because you learn from those sectarian sources how to bend your belly or where to put your hands, then it is better for you not to pray at all. Such a prayer (more accurately, physical exercise), is not worth exchanging monotheism with polytheism, reason with ignorance, light with darkness, peace with conflicts, universalism with tribalism, progress with regression.
But, this answer may not be able to wake them up and save them from the cobwebs of clergymen. They will still challenge us to produce a manual for prayer. How and how many times to bow, where and how to put their hands, what to do with their fingers, where and how to stand on their feet, etc. For many adherents of Sunni or Shiite sects, the question is just an excuse to avoid the pain of reforming themselves. They know that the Quran does not provide extensive explanation on every itsy bitsy spiders crawling in their minds. So, the question is usually asked in a rhetorical sense: "You cannot find in the Quran how many times to bow and prostrate, or how to hold my index or pinki finger in Sala prayer, so I will continue following all those volumes of contradictory books filled with silly stories and outrageous instructions!"
As a result, Monotheism is redefined as a Limited Partnership, in which the recognition and submission to God alone becomes an oxymoron; a contradiction in terms in which other 'partners' are submitted to and accepted by these 'believers.' The most common set-up for Sunni shirk is: the Quran (God) + hadiths and sunna (messenger) + the practice of the Prophet's companions + the practice of the companions of the Prophet's companions + the opinions of emams (ijtihad) + consensus of ulama in a particular sect (ijma') + the comments and opinions of their students + the comments and opinions of early ulama + the comments and opinions of later ulama + the fatwas of living ulama.
In Shiite version of shirk, in addition to the aforementioned partners, the 12 Infallible Emams (all relatives and descendants of the Prophet Muhammad starting with Ali) and the living substitute emam is added to the board of directors of the Holy Limited Partnership. The Quran is usually considered an ambiguous book and is basically distorted and aused for their justification of this shirk, that is, setting partners with God.
Islam, which means Submission to God in peace, is the state of mind of all people who submit to God alone. All messengers, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Solomon, Jesus and all previous monotheists were Submitters ( 2:131; 5:111; 7:126; 10:72,84; 22:78; 27:31,42,91; 28:53; 72:14). Thus, the only religion approved by God is Submission to God (3:19). It is God Almighty who uses this attribute to describe those who submit to His law (22:78). Islam is referred to as the "Religion of Abraham" in many verses since Meccan idol worshipers were claiming that they were following their father Abraham (2:130,135; 3:95; 4:125; 6:161; 12:37-38; 16:123; 21:73; 22:78). And Muhammad was a follower of Abraham (16:123).
Ignorant of the fact that Abraham observed the contact prayers (21:73), many contemporary muslims challenge God by asking where we can find the number of units in each contact prayer. Ignorant of the fact that God claimed Quran to be complete (6:11-116), they do not "see" that ALL religious practices of Submission/Monotheism were established and practiced before the Quranic revelation (8:35; 9:54; 16:123; 21:73; 22:27; 28:27). Messengers after Abraham practiced Sala prayers, obligatory charity, and fasting (2:43; 3:43; 11:87; 19:31,59; 20:14; 28:27; 31:17).
The Meccan mushriks used to believe that they were followers of Abraham. They were not worshipping statutes or icons as claimed by hadith fabricators, but they were praying for shafaat (intercession) from some holy names, such as al-Lat, al-Uzza, and al-Manaat (53:19-23). So, contrary to their false assertion of being monotheists (6:23), they were accused of being mushrik or associating partners to God (39:3).
Sunni and Shiite scholars subsequently fabricated stories in an attempt to erase any similarities between themselves and the mushriks, but in doing so exposed their own inherent lies in contradictory descriptions of those statutes (For instance, see Al-Kalbi's classic book on statutes: Kitab-ul Asnam). Meccan mushriks who were proud of Abraham's legend could not practice the literal observance of idol-worship; they settled for a more metaphysical satanic trap by accepting intercession and man-made religious prohibitions (6:145-150; 39:3). They were metaphysical or spiritual idol worshipers.
Meccan Mushriks, during the era of Prophet Muhammad were respecting the Sacred Masjid built by Abraham (9:19). They were practicing the contact prayers, fasting, and pilgrimage (2:183,99; 8:35-the meaning of this verse is deliberately distorted in traditional translations-; 9:54; 107:4-6). Although they knew Zaka (obligatory charity) they were not fulfilling their obligation (53:34). During the time of the Prophet Muhammad people knew the meaning of Sala, Zaka, Sawm, and Hajj. They were not foreign words.
God sent the Quran in their language. As with each proceeding Book, the revelation was given in it's time, in the language of the people receiving the revelation. God commands and reveals in a manner which can be both understood and observed, and then He details His requirements of His people throughout His Book (16:103; 26:195). Moreover, if God wants to add a new meaning to a known word, He informs us. For instance, the Arabic word al-din in 1:4 is explained in 82:15-19.
Verse 16:123 is a direct proof that all religious practices in Islam were intact when Muhammad was born. Thus, he was ordered to "follow the religion of Abraham." If I ask you to ride a bicycle, it is assumed that you know what a bicycle is and you know or would learn from others how to ride it. Similarly, when God enjoined Muhammad to follow the practices of Abraham (16:123), such practices must have been well known.
Nevertheless, contrary to the popular belief, the Quran details contact prayers. While neither Quran nor hadith books contain illustration for Sala or video clips showing how the prophets observed their Sala, Quran does describe prayer. The Quranic description of Sala prayer is much more superior for the following reasons:
To observe prayer one must make ablution (4:43; 5:6). Ablution is nullified only by sexual intercourse or passing urine or defecation. Ablution remains valid even if one has passed gas, shaking hands with the opposite sex, or a woman is menstruating. A menstruating woman may observe contact prayers, contrary to superstitious cultural beliefs (5:6; 2:222; 6:114-115).
Dress Code
There is not a particular dress code for prayer, in fact, if you wish you may pray nude in your privacy. Covering our bodies is a social and cultural necessity aimed to protect ourselves from harassment, misunderstanding and undesired consequences (7:26; 24:31; 33:59).
Times for Prayer
Quran mentions three periods of time in conjunction with Sala prayer. In other words, the Quran qualifies the word "Sala" by three different temporal words: (1) Sala-al Fajr (Morning Prayer), (2) Sala-al Esha (Evening Prayer), (3) Sala-al Wusta (Middle Prayer). The Morning Prayer (24:58) and Night Prayer (24:58) should be observed at both ends of the day and part of the night (11:114). (We will discuss the times of Sala prayers later in detail at the end of this article).
Direction for Prayer
For the prayer one should face the Sacred Masjid built by Abraham, the Ka'ba (2:125, 143-150; 22:26). To find the correct qibla a person should keep in mind that the world is a globe, far different from Mercator's flat map. Since the prayer during emergency and fear is reduced to one unit, in normal conditions the prayer should be at least two units and during the prayer one must dramatically reduce his/her contact with the external world (4:101-103). Prayers, unlike fasting, cannot be performed later after they are missed; they must be observed on time (4:103).
Congregational Prayer
Believers, men and women, once a week are invited to a particular location to pray together every Juma (Congregational) Day. They go back to their work and normal daily schedule after the Congregational Prayer which could be led by either man or a woman (62:9-11). The mosques or masjids should be dedicated to God alone, thus, the invitation should be restricted to worship God alone, and no other name should be inscribed on the walls of masjids and none other than God should be commemorated (72:18-20). Those who go to masjids should dress nicely since masjids are for public worship and meetings (7:31).
Position For Prayer
One should start the Sala prayer in standing position (2:238; 3:39; 4:102) and should not change his/her place except during unusual circumstances, such as while riding or driving (2:239). Submission to God should be declared physically and symbolically by first bowing down and prostrating (4:102; 22:26; 38:24; 48:29). This physical ritual is not required at the times of emergencies, fear, and unusual circumstances (2:239).
Comprehension And Purpose Of Prayer
We must comprehend the meaning of our prayers, as these are the moments in which we communicate directly with God (4:43). We must be reverent during our contact prayers (23:2). Along with understanding what we say, we can recall one of God's attributes, depending on our need and condition during the time of our prayer (17:111). Prayer is to commemorate God, and God Alone (6:162; 20:14; 29:45). Prayer is to praise, exalt and remember His greatness, His Mercy and ultimately our dependence on each of these attributes (1:1-7; 20:14; 17:111; 2:45). So that even mentioning other names besides God's contradicts our love and dependence on Him (72:18; 29:45).
Recitation during the Sala Prayer
Preferring the Quran for recitation has practical benefits since believers from all around the world can pray together without arguing on which language to chose or which translation to use. The chapter al-Fatiha (The Opening) is the only chapter which addresses God in its entirety and is an appropriate prayer for Sala. For non-Arabs it should not be too difficult to learn the meaning of words in al-Fatiha, since it consists of seven short verses. Those who are unable to learn the meaning of al-Fatiha should pray in the language that he or she understands. I see no practical reason for reciting in Arabic during individually observed prayers.
We should recite Sala prayers in moderate tone, and we should neither try to hide our prayers nor try to pray it in public for political or religious demonstration (17:111). If it is observed with congregation, we should listen to the recitation of the men or women who leads the prayer (7:204; 17:111). After completing the Sala prayer, we should continue remembering God (4:103).
Units of Prayer
The Quran does not specify any number of units for prayers. It leaves it to our discretion. We may deduce some ideas regarding the length of the prayers from verses 4:101 and 102. Verse 101 allows us to shorten our prayers because of the fear of being ambushed by enemy during wars. The following verse explains how to pray with turn; it mentions only one prostration, thus implying one unit. If shortening the prayers is considered as reducing the number of their units, then one may infer that prayers at normal times should consist at least of two units. The units of the Congregational Prayer being 2 is revealing, since it is more likely to be accurately preserved. Again, the units of prayer is not fixed by the Quran; it is upto individual and groups.
Funeral Prayer
There is no funeral Sala prayer. However, remembering those who died as monotheists and providing community support for their relatives is a civic duty.
Sectarian Innovations
There are many sectarian innovations that differ from sect to sect. Some of the innovations are: combining the times of prayers, performing the prayers omitted at their proper times, shortening the prayers during normal trips, adding extra prayers such as "sunna" and "nawafil," innovating a paid cleric occupation to lead the prayers, prohibiting women from leading the prayers, while sitting reciting a prayer "at-Tahiyat" which addresses to the Prophet Muhammad as he is alive and omnipresent, adding Muhammad's name to the Shahada, reciting zamm-us Sura (extra chapters) after the al-Fatiha, indulging in sectarian arguments on details of how to hold your hands and fingers, washing mouth and nose as elements of taking ablution, brushing the teeth with "misvak" (a dry branch of a three beaten into fibers at one end as a toothbrush) just before starting the prayers, wearing turbans or scarves to receive more credits...
Only three Contact Prayers are mentioned by name in the Quran. In other words, the word "Sala" is qualified with descriptive words in three instances. These are:
1. Sala-al Fajr-DAWN PRAYER (24:58; 11:114).
2. Sala-al Esha-EVENING PRAYER (24:58; 17:78; 11:114)
3. Sala-al Wusta- MIDDLE PRAYER (2:238; 17:78)
All of the verses that define the times of the prayers are attributable to one of these three prayers. Now let's see the related verses:
DAWN & EVENING PRAYERS by their names:
". . . This is to be done in three instances: before the DAWN PRAYER, at noon when you change your clothes to rest, and after the EVENING PRAYER. . ." (24:58).
For other usage of the word "esha" (evening) see: 12:16; 79:46
The times of DAWN & EVENING PRAYERS defined:
"You shall observe the contact prayers at both ends of the daylight, that is, during the adjacent hours of the night. . . " (11:114)
Traditional translators and commentators consider the last clause "zulfan minal layl" of this verse as a separate prayer indicating to the "night" prayer. However, we consider that clause not as an addition but as an explanation of the previous ambiguous clause; it explains the temporal direction of the ends of the day. The limits of "Nahar" (daylight) is marked by two distinct points: sunrise and sunset. In other words, two prayers should be observed not just after sunrise and before sunset, but before sunrise and after sunset.
Furthermore, the traditional understanding runs into the problem of contradicting the practice of the very tradition it intend to promote. Traditionally, both morning and evening prayers are observed in a time period that Quranically is considered "LaYL" (night) since Layl starts from sunset and ends at sunrise. The word "Layl" in Arabic is more comprehensive than the word "night" used in English.
If the expression "tarafayin nahar" (both ends of the day) refers to morning and evening prayers which are part of "Layl" (night), then, the last clause cannot be describing another prayer time.
The time of NOON and EVENING PRAYER defined.
"You shall observe the contact prayer when the sun goes down until the darkness of the night. You shall also observe the Quran at dawn. Reading the Quran at dawn is witnessed." (17:78).
The decline of the sun can be understood either its decline from the zenith marking the start of the Noon prayer or its decline behind the horizon marking the start of the Evening prayer. There are two opposing theories regarding the purpose of the usage of "duluk" (rub) in the verse; nevertheless, either understanding will not contradict the idea of 3 times a day since both Noon and Evening prayers are accepted.
MIDDLE PRAYER (Noon)
"You shall consistently observe the contact prayers, especially the MIDDLE PRAYER, and devote yourselves totally to God." (2:238).
Verse 38:32 implies that the time of the Middle prayer ends with sunset.
We can easily understand the MIDDLE prayer as a prayer between the two other prayers mentioned by name (Dawn and Evening).
The Old Testament has at least three verses referring to Contact Prayers (Sala) and they confirm this understanding. Though we may not trust the Biblical translations verbatim, we may not consider them as errors since both internal and external consistency of the Biblical passages regarding the Contact Prayers are striking.
"And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded." (1 Samuel 20:41)
"As for me, I will call upon God; and the Lord shall save me. Evening, and morning, and at noon, will I pray, and cry aloud: and he shall hear my voice." (Psalms 55:16-17) (PS: crying aloud apparently means praying with passion).
"Now when Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into his house; and his windows being open in his chamber toward Jerusalem, he kneeled upon his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave thanks before his God, as he did aforetime." (Daniel 6:10)
The followers of Shiite sect observe 5 prayers in 3 times: morning, noon and evening. This strange practice perhaps was the result of a historical compromise with the dominant Sunni 5-times-a-day practice.


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im thinking a dragon ball z rp
Underworld:The New Darksiders and Lycans
Lucian's son now rules the Lycans and Selene's Daughter rules the Vampires. Once more they are at war, but newborn Lycans and Vampires question the leaders and wonder why they want a war and wonder why they dont want peace.
Magic Coven
In the town of Salem trials were held of being a witches or warlocks. Now in 2012 Salem town has one Coven hidden. In a normal high school teens who are decedents of the witches and warlocks practice magic. They use their mahic to make their lives better and get back at the people who wronged them.
Fantasy Boarding school
You get a letter in the mail
Dear .......
We know your different then other people. Deep down you have a power or ability in you that makes you different. You either a supernatural creature or have a magical ability. We would like you to become apart of Helios Academy and learn to control your awakening powers. If you would like to join then please write your name at the dotted line and you will be enrolled in the school
Sincerely Priscilla Helios
Bounty hunter girls
It will be in a semi-futuristic society with monsters. Our characters will be girls. They are best friends . They all have a tragic past. One was raped, the other abused by her parents, The other abandoned, etc. They battle monsters for a price. They will comfort each other and will slowly deal with problems that will come.
Marvel VS DC VS Manga
DOesn't need a introduction just characters meeting and battling, making alliances and finding love
Highschool of the dead
One more just Highschool kids, adult(Cops, military officers or people who work in the medical field)trying to survive the zombie apocalypse.
More ideas to come
im thinking a dragon ball z rp
HAHAHA if i dont blow you up ill shoot you who am i
Answer: I AM THE ULTIMATE LIFEFORM
Well DBZ rp can work with DC VS Marvel VS Manga because DBZ is a Manga
I like bounty hunter girls c:
- - - Updated - - -
I like bounty hunter girls c:
Ok ither Bounty Hunter Girls or Fantasy Boarding School
Fantasy boarding school its good for both boys and girls
HAHAHA if i dont blow you up ill shoot you who am i
Answer: I AM THE ULTIMATE LIFEFORM
Noo There are always RP like that lol Ugh idc lol
How bout fantasy school that gets invaded by bounty hunters of different species
HAHAHA if i dont blow you up ill shoot you who am i
Answer: I AM THE ULTIMATE LIFEFORM
I agree with Paiges but the idea of a fantasy school being invaded is interesting


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Installing the UWF-1 Wireless Adapter
In this video we will be showing you how to install the UWF-1 Wireless Adapter to connect your AV receiver to your home network. The optional UWF-1 is available for network-capable Onkyo A/V receivers (TX-NRxx9 and later) and stereo receivers (e.g. TX-8050).
Onkyo YouTube Channel
Onkyo Launches 9.2-Channel TX-NR929 and 7.2-Channel TX-NR828 Network A/V Receivers with Onboard Wi-Fi and Bluetooth… more
Press Release dated: 21 May 2013Onkyo Launches TX-NR727, TX-NR626, and TX-NR525 Network A/V ReceiversGröbenzell, Germany. Continuing its reign as the… more
Press Release dated: 14 Mar 20138 January 2013: Onkyo is pleased to confirm that the LS3100, its exciting 2.1-channel powered speaker package, designed to… more
Press Release dated: 8 Jan 2013OSAKA, JAPAN: Onkyo, the world's foremost manufacturer of home theater and hi-fi components, has entered a new product… more
Press Release dated: 8 Jan 2013Tokyo, Japan, 12 November 2012: Onkyo, one of the world's foremost creators of innovative home entertainment products… more
Press Release dated: 12 Nov 2012


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On reaching Madgoan, we took a pre-paid taxi to Colva and the driver assisted us to a Rs.800/- budget rooms closest to the Colva beach. We took rooms at Colmar Resorts on the Colva Beach. This place had 'ok' rooms, swimming pool and best possible access to Colva beach. After Check-in, we spent the rest of the day at the... More
- Also Known As:
- Colmar Beach Hotel Margao
- Colmar Beach Resort Goa/Margao