text:
Chevrolet small-block engine
Chevrolet Small-Block V8 engine | |
Manufacturer: | General Motors |
Production: | 1955–2003 |
Type: | small-block V8 |
265 | |
Production: | 1955–1957 |
Displacement: | 265 cu in (4.3 L) |
Power: | 162 hp (121 kW)-240 hp (179 kW) |
Bore and Stroke: | 3.750 in × 3.00 in (95.3 mm × 76.2 mm) |
283 | |
Production: | 1957–1967 |
Displacement: | 283 cu in (4.6 L) |
Power: | 195 hp (145 kW)-315 hp (235 kW) |
Bore and Stroke: | 3.875 in × 3.00 in (98.4 mm × 76.2 mm) |
327 | |
Production: | 1962–1969 |
Displacement: | 327 cu in (5.4 L) |
Power: | 235 hp (175 kW)-375 hp (280 kW) |
Bore and Stroke: | 4.000 in × 3.25 in (101.6 mm × 82.6 mm) |
350 | |
Production: | 1967–2003 |
Displacement: | 350 cu in (5.7 L) |
Power: | 145 hp (108 kW)-370 hp (276 kW) |
Bore and Stroke: | 4.000 in × 3.48 in (101.6 mm × 88.4 mm) |
302 | |
Production: | 1967–1969 |
Displacement: | 302 cu in (4.9 L) |
Power: | 290 hp (216 kW) |
Bore and Stroke: | 4.000 in × 3.00 in (101.6 mm × 76.2 mm) |
307 | |
Production: | 1968–1973 |
Displacement: | 307 cu in (5.0 L) |
Power: | 115 hp (86 kW)-200 hp (149 kW) |
Bore and Stroke: | 3.875 in × 3.25 in (98.4 mm × 82.6 mm) |
400 | |
Production: | 1970–1981 |
Displacement: | 400 cu in (6.6 L) |
Power: | 150 hp (112 kW)-265 hp (198 kW) |
Bore and Stroke: | 4.125 in × 3.75 in (104.8 mm × 95.3 mm) |
262 | |
Production: | 1975–1976 |
Displacement: | 262 cu in (4.3 L) |
Power: | 110 hp (82 kW) |
Bore and Stroke: | 3.670 in × 3.10 in (93.2 mm × 78.7 mm) |
305 | |
Production: | 1976–2000 |
Displacement: | 305 cu in (5.0 L) |
Power: | 130 hp (97 kW)-250 hp (186 kW) |
Bore and Stroke: | 3.736 in × 3.48 in (94.9 mm × 88.4 mm) |
The Chevrolet small-block engine is a series of automobile V8 engines built by the Chevrolet Division of General Motors using the same basic small (for a V8) engine block. Retroactively referred to as the "Generation I" small-block, it is distinct from subsequent "Generation II" LT and "Generation III/IV" LS, and "Generation V" (LT/EcoTec3) engines. Engineer Ed Cole, who would later become GM President, is credited with leading the design for this engine.
Production of the original small-block began in the fall of 1954 for the 1955 model year with a displacement of 265 cu in (4.3 L), growing incrementally over time until reaching 400 cu in (6.6 L) in 1970. Several intermediate displacements appeared over the years, such as the 283 cu in (4.6 L) that was available with mechanical fuel injection, the 327 cu in (5.4 L) (5.3L), as well as the numerous 350 cu in (5.7 L) versions. Introduced as a performance engine in 1967, the 350 went on to be employed in both high- and low-output variants across the entire Chevrolet product line.
Although all of Chevrolet's siblings of the period (Buick, Cadillac, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac) designed their own V8s, it was the Chevrolet 350 cu in (5.7 L) small-block that became the GM corporate standard. Over the years, every American General Motors division except Saturn used it and its descendants in their vehicles.
Finally superseded by GM's Generation II LT and Generation III LS V8s in the 1990s and discontinued in 2003, the engine is still made by a GM subsidiary in Mexico as a crate engine for replacement and hot rodding purposes. In all, over 90,000,000 small-blocks have been built in carbureted and fuel injected forms since 1955. In many respects, the later Generation II and Generation III engines still in production today for various vehicles still trace some of their design lineage to the "small block" design concept first laid down by Ed Cole and his team.
The small-block family line was honored as one of the 10 Best Engines of the 20th Century by automotive magazine Ward's AutoWorld.[1]
The Chevrolet 90-Degree V6 engine, which is still in production, is this original small-block (and not the newer LS1) but minus cylinders #3 and #6
Contents |
Overview [edit]
The first generation of Chevrolet small-blocks began with the 1955 Chevrolet 265 cu in (4.3 L) V8 offered in the Corvette and Bel Air. Soon after being introduced, it quickly gained popularity among stock car racers, becoming known as the "Mighty Mouse" motor, after the popular cartoon character of the time, with the simpler "Mouse" nickname becoming much more popular as time went on.
By 1957 it had grown to 283 cu in (4.6 L). Fitted with the optional Rochester mechanical fuel injection, it became one of the first production engines to make one horsepower per cubic inch. The 283 would later be extended to other Chevrolet models, replacing the old style 265 V8s.
A high-performance 327 cu in (5.4 L) variant followed, turning out as much as 375 hp and increasing horsepower per cubic inch to 1.15.
It was, however, the 350 cu in (5.7 L) series that came to be the best known Chevrolet small block. The engine's oversquare 4.00-inch bore and 3.48-inch stroke (102 mm by 88 mm) are nearly identical to the 436 hp (325 kW) LS3 engine of today, but much has changed. Installed in everything from station wagons to sports cars, in commercial vehicles, and even in boats and (in highly modified form) airplanes, it is by far the most widely used small-block of all-time.
Though not offered in GM vehicles since 2003, the 350 cu in (5.7 L) series is still in production today at General Motors' Toluca, Mexico plant under the company's "Mr Goodwrench" brand, and is also manufactured as an industrial and marine engine by GM Powertrain under the Vortec name.
From 1955–74, the small-block engine was known as the "Turbo-Fire V8".
Small Block Chevrolet V8 (1955–1998) [edit]
The small-block made its debut in 1955 and remained popular for over five decades for its relatively compact size, light weight, and extensive aftermarket support. The engines have been placed into families with the name of each family being the bore size of that family's progenitor.
3.875 in. bore family (1955–1973) [edit]
All Chevy V8s, from the big blocks to today's LS7 and LS9, evolved from the 265/283 small block family. Of the three engines in this family, two of them, the 265 and the 283, have gone down in automotive history. The first of this family was the 265, introduced in 1955. The 283, famous for being one of the first engines to make 1 hp per cubic inch, is also famous for being the evolutionary stepping stone that would later give rise to small blocks and to the "W" blocks, ultimately culminating in the Chevy big blocks. The last of this family was the 307, which was a stroked 283 with a medium journal.
265 [edit]
The 265 cu in (4.3 L) V8 was the first Chevrolet small block. Designed by Ed Cole's group at Chevrolet to provide a more powerful engine for the 1955 Corvette than the model's original "stove bolt" in-line six, the 165 hp (123 kW)[2] 2-barrel debut version went from drawings to production in just 15 weeks.
A pushrod cast-iron engine with hydraulic lifters, the small block was available with an optional 4-barrel Rochester carburetor, increasing engine output to 195 hp (145 kW). The oversquare (3.75 in (95 mm) bore, 3 in (76 mm) stroke) engine's 4.4 in (111.8 mm) bore spacing would continue in use for decades.
Also available in the Bel Air sedan, the basic passenger car version produced 162 hp (121 kW) with a 2-barrel carburetor. Upgraded to a four-barrel Rochester, dual exhaust "Power Pack" version, the engine was conservatively rated at 180 hp (134 kW).
A shortcoming of the 1955 265 was that the engine had no provision for oil filtration built into the block, instead relying on an add-on filter mounted on the thermostat housing. In spite of its novel green sand foundry construction, the '55 block's lack of adequate oil filtration leaves it typically only desirable to period collectors.
The 1956 Corvette introduced three versions of this engine – 210 hp (157 kW) with a single 4-barrel carb, 225 hp (168 kW) with twin 4-barrels, and 240 hp (179 kW) with twin fours and a high-lift cam.
283 [edit]
The 265 ci V-8 was bored out to 3.875 in (98.4 mm) in 1957, giving it a 283 cu in (4,638 cc) displacement. The first 283 motors used the stock 265 blocks. However, the overbore to these blocks resulted in thin cylinder walls. Future 283 blocks were recast to accept the 3.875 bore. Five different versions between 185 hp (138 kW) and 283 hp (211 kW) were available, depending on whether a single carb, twin carbs, or fuel injection was used. Fuel injection yielded the most power. Horse power was up a bit each year for 1958, 1959, and 1960. The 1957 Ramjet mechanical fuel injection version produced an even 1 hp per cubic inch (61 hp/L), an impressive feat at the time. This is often thought to be the first U.S.-built production V8 to produce one horsepower per cubic inch. However, it was preceded in this achievement by Chrysler in 1956.[citation needed]
Besides being available in the Chevrolet line, it was optional in Checker Taxis beginning in 1965.[3] A version of it that was built by GM Canada was also available in Studebakers produced in Canada for 1965 & 1966.
307 [edit]
A 307 cu in (5,025 cc) version was produced from 1968 through 1973. Engine bore was 3.875 inches (98.4 mm) with a 3.25-inch (82.6 mm) stroke. All 307s had large 2.45" journals - the crankshaft is sourced from the 327. This engine was also used by Holden in Australia and by General Motors' South African arm.[4] This engine shares many of its dimensions with the 230 inline-six and with the 153 four-cylinder.
4.00 in bore family (1962–1998) [edit]
Originally intended as the performance block, this engine family through the 350 CID became an all purpose engine that saw use in many applications from Corvettes to vans. All engines in this family share the same block dimensions and sometimes even the same casting number; the latter meaning engines were of the same block, but with different strokes (e.g. the casting number 3970010 was used by all three engines: 302, 327, and 350). This engine family was updated in 1968 for the use of 2.45" medium-sized journals. The first engine in this family was the small journal 327 in 1962 and the last being 1992's medium journal 350. The medium journal 350 would later be further developed into the "Generation II" LT1/4 350 in the early 1990s.
302 [edit]
General Motors designed a special 302 cu in (4.9 L) (referred to as 5.0 L) engine exclusively for the production Z/28 Camaro in order for it to meet the Sports Car Club of America SCCA Trans-Am Series road-racing rules from 1967–1969. It was the product of placing the 283 3-inch stroke crankshaft into a 4-inch bore 327 block. The 1967 302 used the same nodular cast-iron crank as the 283[4], with a forged-steel crankshaft that was also produced. This block is one of 3 displacements, 302/327/350, that underwent a crankshaft bearing diameter transformation for 1968 when the rod-journal size was increased from the 2.00 in. diameter small-journal to a 2.10 large-journal and the main-journal size was increased from 2.30 in. to 2.45. The large-journal connecting rods were heavier and used 3/8 in. diameter cap-bolts to replace the small-journal's 11/32. 1968 blocks were made in 2-bolt and 4-bolt versions with the 4-bolt center-three main caps each fastened by two additional bolts which were supported by the addition of heavier crankcase main-web bulkheads. When the journal size increased to the standard large-journal size, the crankshaft for the 302 was specially built of tufftride-hardened forged 1053-steel and fitted with a high-rpm 8.00 in. diameter harmonic balancer. It had a 3/4-length semi-circular windage tray, heat-treated, magnafluxed, and shot-peened forged 1038-steel 'pink' connecting rods, floating-pin in `69, and forged-aluminum pistons with higher scuff-resistance, better sealing single-moly rings. Its solid-lifter cam, known as the '30-30 Duntov' cam named after its .030/.030 in. intake/exhaust hot valve-lash and Zora Arkus-Duntov (the Duntov cam was the .012/.018 1957 camshaft known as the '097, which referred to the last three digits of the casting number) the "father of the Corvette", was also used in the 1964-65 carbureted 327/365 and F.I. 327/375 engines. It used the '202' 2.02/1.60 valve diameter high-performance 327 double-hump `461 heads, pushrod guide plates, hardened 'blue-stripe' pushrods, edge-orifice lifters to keep more valvetrain oil in the crankcase for high-rpm lubrication, and stiffer valvesprings. In 1967, a new design high-rise cast-aluminum dual-plane intake manifold with larger smoother passage turn runners was introduced for the Z/28 that the LT-1 350 1969 Corvette and 1970 Z/28 engines were equipped with until the Q-jet carburetor returned in 1973. Unlike the Corvette, the exhaust manifolds were the more restrictive rear outlet 'log' design to clear the Camaro's front cross-member. It had a chrome oil filler tube and valve covers from 1967 to 1968, and chrome 14.00 x 3.00 in. drop-base open-element air-cleaner assembly on a 780cfm vacuum secondary Holley 4-Bbl carburetor. A 'divorced' exhaust crossover port heated well-choke thermostat coil was used to provide cleaner and faster engine warm-up. Its single-point distributor had an ignition point cam designed to reduce point-bounce at high-rpm along with a vacuum diaphragm to advance ignition timing at idle and part-throttle for economy and emissions. Balancer and water-pump pulleys, as well as optional power-steering pulleys, were deep-groove for fan belt retention at high-rpm. In 1969, the 302 shared the finned cast-aluminum valve covers with the LT-1 350 Corvette engine. Conservatively rated at 290 hp (216 kW) (SAE gross) at 5800 rpm and 290 lb-ft at 4800, actual output with its production 11:1 compression ratio was around 376 hp (280 kW) with 1.625 in. primary x 3.0 secondary tubular headers that came in the trunk when ordered with a new Z/28, carburetor main-jet, and ignition timing tuning[citation needed].
After the 1967 Trans-Am campaign with the 4-Bbl induction system producing more horsepower than the competing auto makers' 8-Bbl systems, for 1968 Chevrolet developed a factory 'cross-ram' aluminum intake-manifold package using two Holley 600cfm mechanical-secondary carburetors for Trans-Am racing. It was available only as off-road service parts purchased over the Chevrolet dealership parts counter. With the Chevrolet '140 1st-design off-road cam, the package increased a stock 302's hp from 360 hp to approximately 400. Chevrolet went so far as to carry the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system over to the cross-ram induction system to retain emissions compliance mandated for U.S.-produced cars beginning in 1967, that also provided full-throttle crankcase pressure venting to the intake air to burn its vapors. Engines prepared for competition use were capable of producing 465 hp with little more than the 8-Bbl induction, ported heads with higher pressure valvesprings, roller rocker arms, and the '754 2nd-design road-race cam. 1967/1968 models' cowl-induction system had an enclosed air-cleaner assembly ducted from its passenger side into the firewall cowl above the heater core. In 1969, factory ZL-2 cowl-induction hoods were available for both the single and dual four-barrel induction systems that were sealed to the air-cleaner base ensuring cooler, high-pressure, dense air from the center of the base of the windshield was supplied to the engine for combustion smoothness and maximum power production. Another popular service-parts-only component used on the 302 was the magnetic-pulse Delco transistor-ignition ball-bearing inductive-ignition distributor, introduced in 1967 and also used in the L88 427 Corvette, that eliminated the production breaker-point ignition allowing greater spark energy and more stable ignition-timing at high engine speeds[citation needed].
The 302's bore/stroke and rod/stroke geometries made it a natural high-rpm engine and were responsible for its being among the more reliable production street engines homologated for full-competition across all the American makes winning back-to-back Trans-Am Championships at the hands of Mark Donohue in 1968 and 1969. Trans-Am rules required that all engine components have Chevrolet production part numbers and be purchased through Chevrolet dealerships. However, the pinnacle of the 302's use in professional racing was its being the primary engine that powered the outstanding but overshadowed 1968-1976 SCCA Formula 5000 Championship Series, a SCCA Formula A open-wheel class designed for lower cost. The engine was also popular in Formula 5000 racing around the world, especially in Australia and New Zealand where it proved slightly more powerful than the Repco-Holden V8. Weighing 1400 lbs., with 525-550 hp, a 5-spd. magnesium transaxle, and 10 in. wide 13 in. front/20 in. wide 15 in. rear magnesium wheels, it produced incredibly exciting racing. Prepared with a Lucas-McKay mechanically-timed fuel-injection individual-stack magnesium induction-system that was paired with ported production double-hump iron heads, a rev-kit fitted roller-lifter camshaft, roller bearing rocker arms, and a virtually stock production crankshaft, it had a lasting impact on the series' ability to conduct high car-number finishes and close competition events by the degree of mechanical success it provided to a series filled with star international Grand Prix drivers like David Hobbs, Brian Redman, Jody Scheckter, and Mario Andretti.
327 [edit]
The 327 cu in (5,354 cc) V8, introduced in 1962, had a bore of 4 in (101.6 mm) and a stroke of 3.25 in (82.55 mm). Power ranged from 210 hp (157 kW) L30 to 375 hp (280 kW) depending on the choice of carburetor or fuel injection, camshaft, cylinder heads, pistons and intake manifold. In 1962, the Duntov solid lifter cam versions produced 340 hp (254 kW), 344 lb·ft (466 N·m) with single Carter 4-barrel, and 360 hp (268 kW), 352 lb·ft (477 N·m) with Rochester mechanical fuel injection. In 1964, horsepower increased to 365 hp (272 kW) for the now dubbed L-76 version, and 375 hp (280 kW) for the fuel injected L-84 respectively, making the L-84 the most powerful naturally aspirated, single-cam, production small block V8 until the appearance of the 385 hp (287 kW), 385 lb·ft (522 N·m) Generation III LS6 in 2001. This block is one of three displacements that underwent a major change in 1968/1969 when the main journal size was increased from 2.30 inches (58.4 mm) to 2.45 inches (62.2 mm). It's also interesting to note that in 1965 Chevrolet released the now legendary L-79, which was nothing more than an L-76 (11.0:1 forged pop-up pistons, forged steel rods and crank, 2.02 Corvette heads), but with the 30-30 Duntov cam replaced by the #151 hydraulic cam. The 327-350 hp engine could give many big blocks a run for their money.
In 1966, Checker began offering the 327 as an option.[5]
350 [edit]
The 350 first appeared as a high-performance 295 hp L-48 option for the 1967 Chevrolet Camaro. One year later it was made available in the Chevrolet Nova, and finally in 1969 the rest of the Chevrolet line could be ordered with a 350. The engine was also exported to Australia where it appeared in many Holden vehicles beginning with the 1969 Holden Monaro. Many variants followed:
Years: 1967–1980
The L-48 is the original 350 cu in (5.7 L), solely available for 1967 in the Super Sport version of Camaro SS 350 (1967-up) or Chevy II/Nova in '68-79. In '69 it was used in almost all car lines; Camaros, Impalas, El Caminos, Chevelles & Novas. 1969 L-48's use a Hyd Cam, 4bbl Quadrajet carburetor, cast pistons, 4-bolt main casting number 010 Blocks & casting number 041 or 186 heads. Power output was 300HP and 380 lb·ft (520 N·m) torque. Compression ratio was 10.25:1. The compression ratio of the L48 was lowered to 8.5:1 in 1971.
In 1972 the only way to get a L-48 (4bbl V8) in a Chevy Nova was to get the Super Sport Package. This is indicated by the 5th digit in the VIN being a "K". 1972 was the only year you could verify the Super Sport package by the VIN.
The L-48 V8 was the standard engine in the 1975–1980 Chevrolet Corvette. The L-48 V8 Corvette engine produced 165 bhp in 1975. Power increased to 180 bhp in 1976 and stayed the same in 1977. 1978 saw 175 bhp for California or high altitude areas and 185 bhp for everywhere else. Power increased to 195 bhp in 1979 and decreased to 190 bhp in 1980.[6]
The 2bbl carburetor 145HP version of the LM1 350".
The LM1 is the base 5.7 L (350 cu in) with a 4-barrel carburetor (usually with a Rochester Quadrajet) 155-175 hp engine in passenger cars until 1988. Throughout its lifespan, it received either a points, electronic, and/or computer-controlled spark system, to conventional and feedback carburetors. The LM1 was superseded by the L05 powerplant after 1988.
Years: 1970-1974 The ZQ3 was the standard engine in the 1970–1974 Chevrolet Corvette. It was a 300 bhp version of the 350 cu in small-block, with 10.25:1 compression and hydraulic lifters. It used a Rochester "4MV" Quadra-Jet 4-barrel carburetor.[7] This was the first block produced that featured the larger 2.45 inch main bearing versus the older 2.30 inch main bearing in 1968/1969.
Note: Post-1971 blocks supposedly had a lower nickel content but thicker cylinder deck, and post 1974 heads of the small block Chevy used less iron, and were lighter weight, crack-prone, and less powerful because of the lower compression ratios used.
In 1971, power decreased to 270 (gross) bhp and 300 (gross) lb-ft of torque with 8.5:1 compression. 1972 saw 200 (net) bhp and 270 (net) lb-ft of torque. In 1973 power decreased to 190 bhp, but increased slightly in 1974 to 195 bhp.[6]
Years: 1969-1970 The L46 became an optional engine for the 1969 Chevrolet Corvette. It was a higher performance version of the base 350 cu in V8 with casting number 492 2.02"/1.60" valve heads and had a 11:1 compression ratio and produced 350 bhp.[6]
Years: 1970–1972
The LT-1 was the ultimate 350 cu in V8, becoming available in 1970. It used solid lifters, 11:1 compression, the '178' high-performance camshaft, and a 780 CFM Holley four-barrel carburetor on a special aluminum intake, with rams' horn exhaust manifolds in the Chevrolet Corvette, Delco transistor ignition and a low-restriction exhaust factory rated at 370 bhp in the Corvette, and 360 bhp at 6000 rpm and 380 lb-ft at 4000 in the Camaro Z28[8] (the NHRA rated it at 425 hp for classification purposes). Redline was 6500 rpm but power fell off significantly past 6200 rpm. The LT-1 was available in the Corvette, and Camaro Z28. Power was down in 1971 to dual-rated 330 bhp, 255 nethp and 360 lb-ft of torque with 9:1 compression, and again in 1972 (the last year of the LT-1, now rated using net only, rather than gross, measurement) to 255 bhp and 280 lb-ft.
The "LT1" designation was later reused on a Generation II GM MPFI "350" small block engine in late 1991, the LT1.
Years: 1973–1980
The 1973–1974 L82 was a "performance" version of the 350 that still used the casting number 624 76cc chamber "2.02" heads but with a Rochester Quadra-jet 4bbl carburetor and dual-plane aluminum intake manifold, the earlier L46 350 hp 350 hydraulic-lifter cam, and 9:1 compression forged-aluminum pistons producing 250 bhp (`71 was the first year for SAE net hp rating, as installed in the vehicle with accessories and mufflers) and 285 lb-ft of torque. Its cast-aluminum LT-1 valvecovers were painted crinkle-black contrasting with the aluminum manifold and distributor housing. It was down to 205 bhp and 255 lb-ft of torque for 1975. It produced 210 bhp in the Corvette for 1976-1977. The 1978 L82 recovered somewhat, producing 220 bhp and 260 lb-ft in the Corvette and in 1979 it produced 225 bhp in the Corvette. In 1980, its final year, it produced a peak of 230 bhp.[6] This engine was also available on the Chevrolet Camaro.
Years: 1981
The L81 was the only 5.7 L (350 cu in) Corvette engine for 1981. It produced 190 bhp and 280 lb-ft of torque from 8.2:1 compression, exactly the same as the 1980 L48, but added hotter cam and computer control spark advance, replacing the vacuum advance.[7] The L81 was unique in that it was the only Corvette engine that employed a "smart carburetor." The Rochester Quadrajet from 1980 was modified to allow electronic mixture control, and an ECM (Engine Control Module), supplied with data from an exhaust oxygen sensor, modified the fuel/air mixture being fed to the engine.
Years: 1982, 1984
The 1982 L83 was again the only Corvette engine (and only available with an automatic transmission) producing 200 bhp and 285 lb-ft of torque from 9:1 compression. This was again the only engine on the new 1984 'Vette, at 205 bhp and 290 lb-ft of torque. The L83 added Cross-Fire fuel injection (twin throttle-body fuel injection). Since GM did not assign a 1983 model year to production Corvettes, there was also no L83 for 1983.[6]
- For the new Generation IV V8, see GM L98.
Years: 1985–1992
The new 1985 L98 350" added tuned-port fuel injection "TPI", which was standard on all 1985–1991 Corvettes. It was rated at 230 bhp for 1985–1986, 240 bhp for 1987-1989 (245 bhp with 3.07:1 rear axle ratio (1988-1989 only)), and 245 bhp in 1990-1991 (250 bhp with 3.07:1 rear axle). Aluminum cylinder heads (Corvette only) were released part way through the 1986 model run, modified for 1987 with D-ports, and continued through the end of L98 Corvette production in 1991 (still used on ZZx 350 crate engines).[7] The L98 V8 was optional on Jan. '87–'92 Chevrolet Camaro & Pontiac Firebird models (rated at 225 hp (168 kW)-245 hp (183 kW) and 330 lb·ft (447 N·m)-345 lb·ft (468 N·m)) 1987 versions had 10 hp (7 kW) and 15 lb·ft (20 N·m) more and a change to hydraulic roller camshaft. Compression was up again in 1990 to 9.5:1 Camaro/Firebird and 10:1 Corvettes, but rated output stayed the same.
The L05 was introduced in 1987 for use in Chevrolet/GMC trucks in both the GMT400 (introduced in April 1987 as 1988 models) and the R/V series trucks such as the K5 Blazer, Suburban, and rounded-era pickups formerly classed as the C/K until 1991 which includes chassis cabs and 4-door crew cabs. Although usage was for trucks, vans, and 9C1-optioned Caprices, the L05 was also used with the following vehicles:
- 1992/1993 Buick Roadmaster sedan and station wagon
- 1990–1992 Cadillac Brougham (optional engine)
- 1993 Cadillac Fleetwood
- 1989-1993 Chevrolet Caprice 1A2-optioned special service station wagon
- 1992/1993 Chevrolet Caprice Wagon (optional engine)
- 1993 Chevrolet Caprice LTZ
- 1992 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser Wagon (optional engine)
L05 usage was replaced by the LT1 after 1993 in GM B-Bodies until production ceased in 1996.
In mid 1996 the L05 was equipped with Vortec heads used in the 1996 G30.
The L31 replaced the L05 in 1996 – known as the Vortec 5700. The Vortec 5700 produces 255 hp (191 kW) to 350 hp (261 kW) at 4600 rpm and 330 ft-lbf (448 N·m) to 350 ft-lbf (475 N·m) of torque at 2800 rpm. Known as the GEN 1+, this was the final incarnation of the 1955-vintage small block, ending production in 2005 with the last vehicle being a Kodiak/Topkick HD truck. Volvo Penta and Mercury Marine still produces the L31. The "MARINE" intake is a potential upgrade for L31 trucks. Using this "MARINE" intake will allow the use of common types of injectors with various flow rates while still maintaining emission compliance.
4.125 in bore family (1970–1980) [edit]
400 [edit]
The 400 cu in (6.6 L) is the only engine in this family and was introduced in 1970 and produced for 10 years. It has a 4.125-inch (104.8 mm) bore and a 3.75-inch (95.3 mm) stroke. The 400 differed from other small blocks in that the cylinders were siamesed and therefore required 'steam' holes in the block, head gaskets, and heads to help alleviate 'hot-spots' in the cooling system at the point above the siamesed cylinders. Overheating and damage are likely if head gaskets or heads without 'steam' holes are used on a 400 block. The 400 is the only engine that uses a 2.65" main bearing journal and a 2.10" rod bearing journal. The connecting rod was also 400 specific being 5.565" as apposed to the 5.7" rod used in all other small block Chevy engines. The 400 was made in 4bolt main journal from 1970-1972 and in 2bolt main journal from 1973-1980. The 400 can have either 2 or 3 frost plugs per side though all 400 blocks have the provisions for a 3rd frost plug on each side. The 400 was rated at 245-265horsepower(gross(150-180HP net)) through its life. The 400 saw extensive use in full size Chevrolet and GMC trucks... K5 Blazer/Jimmy, 1/2ton, 3/4ton, 1ton, and even larger 'medium duty' trucks had an option to be equipped with a 400. The engine was available in full-size A-Body and midsize B-Body passenger cars until the end of the 1976 model year. Early models produced 265 horsepower with a two-barrel carburetor. All 400s came with a two-barrel carburetor with a four-barrel carburetor option becoming available in 1974. The 400 was never intended as a high performance engine and never saw large factory horsepower numbers but had a reputation for great torque. It has since become popular for many types of racing, both on and off road.
3.671 in bore family (1975–2003) [edit]
Designed and built during the era of the gas embargo and tighter emissions, this engine family were meant as "economy" V8's. This family through the 305 became an all purpose engine that was intended to have better gas economy than the larger 350 but more power and torque than GM's contemporary line of inline 6 cylinders. During the 80's when GM was streamlining their engine lineups, the 305 rose to prominence as Chevrolet's "Corporate" engine, signifying its use in multiple GM brands. Through much of the 80's the 305 became an alternative to the 350 as the least poorly-performing engine in the F body cars and even made an appearance in the Corvette for one year in 1980. The first engine in this family was the medium journal 262 in 1975, and the last the medium journal 305. The medium journal 305 would later on, like its contemporary 350, in the early 1990s be further developed- although with a reduced stroke- into the "Generation II" LT L99 263.
262 [edit]
The 1975–1976 262 was a 262 cu in (4.3 L) 90° pushrod V8 with an iron block and heads. Bore and stroke were 3.67 in (93 mm) by 3.10 in (78.7 mm). Power output for 1975 was 110 hp (82 kW) and 195 lb·ft (264 N·m) at 3600 rpm. The 262 was replaced by the 305 for the 1977 model year.
This was Chevrolet's second 4.3 L-displacement powerplant; three other Chevrolet engines displaced 4.3 L: the Vortec 4300 (a V6 based on the Chevrolet 350, with two cylinders removed), the original 265 V8 in 1955, and a derivative of the GenerationII LT engines known as the L99 (using the 305's 3.736-inch bore, 5.94-inch connecting rods, and a 3-inch crankshaft stroke).
This engine was used in the following cars:
- 1975–1976 Chevrolet Monza
- 1975 Chevrolet Nova
- Early 1977 Pontiac Ventura
305 [edit]
The 305 5.0L variant of the small-block Chevrolet was a 262 that was bored out and stroked using the crank of the 350. Introduced in 1975 it had a displacement of 305 cu in (5.0 L) with a 3.7350-inch (94.869 mm) bore, and 3.4803-inch (88.4 mm) stroke. Many performance enthusiasts shun the 305 because of the wide availability of 350 engines, along with the fact that the same parts will yield much more power in a 350 cubic inch package. Due to the popularity of the 350, items like rebuild kits are more expensive for the 305. The 305 still has power potential due to the broad selection of aftermarket parts that are readily interchangeable with the popular 350. Not all cylinder heads may be adapted to this engine due to valves having bore interference or shrouding issues with the narrow bore of the 305 engine, but there are many LO3 setups that can produce over 300 horsepower from the right combination.
Induction systems for the 305 included carburetors (both 2 and 4-barrel), throttle-body injection (TBI), tuned-port fuel injection (TPI), and sequential fuel injection (GM Vortec).
The 305 was used in the following cars:
- 1976–1992 Chevrolet Camaro
- 1977–1993 Chevrolet Caprice (includes Impala)
- 1980 Chevrolet Corvette (California only)
- 1976–1988 Chevrolet Malibu, Chevrolet El Camino, and Chevrolet Monte Carlo
- 1976–1979 Chevrolet Monza
- 1976–1979 Chevrolet Nova (also GM X-body clones after 1976)
- 1977–2003 Chevrolet/GMC Trucks, SUVs, Vans
- 1978–1987 Buick Regal
- 1975–1979 Buick Skylark
- 1991–1992 Cadillac Brougham
- 1977–1981 Checker Marathon
- 1991–1992 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser
- 1978–1980 Oldsmobile Cutlass (US Market only, Canadian market 1978–1987)
- 1978–1992 Pontiac Firebird
- 1981–1987 Pontiac Grand Prix
- 1977–1986 Pontiac Parisienne
- 1979 Pontiac Sunbird
The Chevrolet 305 is often referred to as a "Boat Anchor", due to its lack of power and use in multiple marine applications. After 1996, its usage was limited to light trucks and SUVs until the 2000 model year (vans and commercial vehicles until 2003) as the Vortec 5000. The 305 is currently still in production as a marine powerplant for Mercury Marine.
Year | hp (kW) | lb•ft (N•m) | |
1976 | 140 (104) | 250 (339) | w/2bbl. |
1977 | 145 (108) | 245 (332) | w/2bbl. |
1978 | 140 (104) | 240 (325) | w/2bbl. |
1978 | 160 (119) | 235 (319) | w/4bbl. |
1979 | 130 (97) | 245 (332) | w/2bbl. |
1979† | 125 (93) | 235 (319) | w/2bbl. |
1980 | 155 (116) | 240 (325) | w/4bbl. |
1981 | 150 (112) | 240 (325) | w/4bbl |
† California Emissions
This variant used a Rochester 2GC carburetor for 1976–78. In 1979 the more fuel efficient Dualjet 2-bbl carburetor replaced the older 2GC. This change also resulted in a drop in the horsepower rating to 130 hp (125 for California emissions cars). All years had an 8.5:1 compression ratio.
Years: 1980–1987
The LG4 produced 150 hp (112 kW)-170 hp (127 kW) and 240 lb·ft (325 N·m)-250 lb·ft (339 N·m). The addition of a knock sensor for the engine management system in 1985 allowed an increase in compression and a more aggressive spark timing map in the ECM. As a result power increased for the 1985 models to 165 hp (123 kW) from the 150 hp (112 kW) rating in 1984.
Years: 1983–1988
The L69 featured a compression ratio of 9.5:1, heads from the LU5 engine and the camshaft from the L83. The L69 was equipped with a special 700CFM Quadra Jet with computer controls, Additionally the engine came equipped with a dual snorkel air cleaner assembly (Camaro and Firebird only)or a Large single snorkel (Monte Carlo SS), aluminum intake manifold, aluminum flywheel and a knock sensor which allowed more aggressive spark timing. In 1986 the L69 was converted to a factory style roller cam with the same profile as the L83. This engine produced 190 hp (142 kW) @ 4800 and 240 lb·ft (325 N·m) of torque @ 3200 rpm.
Years: 1981–1986
The LE9 5.0 L (305 cu in) was a truck/van/car version 4BBL 650CFM that also had a 9.5:1 compression ratio, the LM1 cam and 14010201 casting heads featuring 1.84/1.50" valves and 53 cc chambers. The engine made 210 hp (157 kW) @ 4,000 and 250 lb·ft (339 N·m) @ 2,000 rpm. NOTE, while it is 5.0 liters, the body is a 5.7 liter 350, the difference is in relation to the camshaft with respect to the diameter of their cylinders,and the 4 bolts in 350 vs to 2 in 305,being the last designs carburetor.
Years: 1985–1992
The LB9 was introduced with 215 hp (160 kW) and 275 lb·ft (373 N·m) and varied between 190 hp (142 kW)-230 hp (172 kW) (with 275 lb·ft (373 N·m)-300 lb·ft (407 N·m) of torque) over the years offered.
Years: 1987–95
The LO3 produced 170 hp and 255 lb·ft (346 N·m) of torque; 170 hp at 4,400 rpm and 275 lb·ft (373 N·m) at 2,400 in 1993–1995 GM trucks. This engine used throttle-body fuel injection.
3.50 in bore family (1979–1982) [edit]
267 [edit]
The 267 was introduced in 1979 for GM F-Body (Camaro), G-bodies (Chevrolet Monte Carlo, El Camino, and Malibu Classic) and also used on GM B-body cars (Impala and Caprice models). The 267 CID engine had the 350's crankshaft stroke of 3.48" and the smallest bore of any small-block, 3.500 in (88.9 x 88.4 mm). The 3½ in bore was also used on the 200 cu in (3.3 L) V6, which was introduced a year earlier. (The 200 was a Chevrolet V6 engine based on the small block with the #3 and #6 cylinders removed).
It was only available with a Rochester Dualjet 210 – effectively a Rochester Quadrajet with no rear barrels. After 1980, electronic feedback carburetion was used on the 267. The 267 also saw use in 1980 to 1982 Checker Marathons.[9]
While similar in displacement to the other 4.3L(265)–4.4L(267) V8 engines produced by General Motors (including the Oldsmobile 260 and Pontiac 265), the small bore 267 shared no parts with the other engines and was phased out after the 1982 model year due to inability to conform to emission standards. Chevrolet vehicles eventually used the 305 cu in (5.0 L) as their base V8 engine.
Major changes [edit]
The original design of the small block remained remarkably unchanged for its production run, which began in 1955 and ended, in passenger vehicles, in 2003. The engine is still being built today for many aftermarket applications, both to replace worn-out older engines and also by many builders as high-performance applications. The principal changes to it over the years include:
- 1956 – Full flow oil filtration was introduced, using a paper element filter in a canister that was mounted to a feature that was added to the cylinder block casting and machined for this purpose.
- 1957 – The displacement of the base V8 continued at 265 cubic inches but optional V8s were introduced with 283 cubic inch displacement.
- 1958 – Bosses for side motor mounts were added to the block casting and utilized for production mounts for this and all future model years. However the features for front motor mounts as used in 1955–1957 remained part of the block casting in this and future years. The 265 cubic inch version of the engine was discontinued. Also the cylinder head valve cover mounting bolt holes were changed from the top row staggered to the straight across that remained the new standard way of identifying the early heads from the newer valve cover design that lasted until the 1987 center bolted style covers.
- 1962 – The block's cylinder wall casting was revised to allow four inch bores and the 327 cubic inch version of the engine using this bore diameter and increased crankshaft stroke was introduced.
- 1968 – The main journal diameter was increased to 2.45 in (medium) from 2.30 in (small) and the connecting rod journal diameter was increased to 2.10 in from 2.00 in. This allowed the use of cast iron crankshafts as the previous parts were made of forged steel. The rod bolts were changed from 11/32 in. diameter to 3/8 inch. Additionally, the canister/sock style oil filter was now converted to use spin on filters. The oil fill location was moved from a tube on the front of the intake manifold to a cap on either side valve cover.
- 1986 – The rear main seal was changed from a 2-piece rubber design to a 1-piece rubber design that used a mounting appliance to hold it in place. This necessitated a change in the flywheel/flexplate bolt pattern, as well as the need for an externally balanced flexplate/flywheel.
- 1987 – The valve cover surfaces were changed such that cylinder head mounting lip was raised and the bolt location was moved from 4 bolts on the perimeter, to 4 bolts down the centerline of the valve cover (this design debuted on the Corvette in 1986, and Chevrolet 4.3 L the year before). Also changed were the mounting angles of the center 2 bolts on each side of the intake manifold (from 90 degrees to 73 degrees) and the lifter bosses were increased in height to accept roller lifters. The alloy heads for use in the Corvette still retain the non-angled bolts (center 2 bolts attaching to the intake). Also all carburetors were done away with and replaced by TBI (throttle-body injection) fuel injection on the Camaro and Firebird.
- 1996 – This was the last change for the Generation I engine, and continued through the end of the production run in 2003; all 1997–2003 Generation I engines were Vortec truck engines. The cylinder heads were redesigned using improved ports and combustion chambers similar to those in the Generation II LT1, resulting in significant power increases. The intake manifold bolt pattern was also changed to four bolts per cylinder head instead of the traditional six.
See also [edit]
- Buick V8 engine
- Cadillac V8 engine
- Oldsmobile V8 engine
- Pontiac V8 engine
- 1917-1918 Chevrolet Series D V8
- Chevrolet Big-Block engine
- GM LT engine – Generation II small block
- GM LS engine – Generation III/IV small block
- Chevrolet 90-Degree V6 engine - a V6 version of the original small-block removing cylinders 3 and 6, still in production
- List of GM engines
References [edit]
- McGuire, Bill (June 20, 2005). "Horsepower Nation: Chevrolet's small-block V8 celebrates its 50th birthday". AutoWeek. Retrieved June 15, 2005.
- ^ Sherman, Dan (January 1, 2000). "The 10 Best Engines of the 20th Century". Ward's AutoWorld.
- ^ "Chevy Corvette 1955 Technical Specifications". Unique Cars and Parts.
- ^ Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1960–1972 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2004), p.341.
- ^ Braunschweig, Robert; et al, eds. (March 11, 1971). Automobil Revue '71 (in German/French) 66. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag SA. p. 242.
- ^ Flory, p.411.
- ^ a b c d e Gunnell, John. Standard catalog of Corvette, 1953-2005. Krause Publications, 2004
- ^ a b c Gunnell, John. Standard Catalog of Corvette, 1953-2005. Krause Publications, 2004
- ^ Gunnell, John, 360 bhp with the Camaro's 'log' manifold exhaust system and points ignition. Standard Catalog of Corvette, 1953-2005. Krause Publications, 2004
- ^ Standard Catalog of Independents, pp. 41-42
External links [edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chevrolet |


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Joining us for #SundaySupper this week is Cristina Ferrare!
Cristina Ferrare is joining us this week as we continue to bring back Sunday Supper around the family table! The movement that has gained nationwide attention is celebrating dishes from Cristina's fifth cookbook Big Bowl of Love. The meals have … Continue reading →
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WASHINGTON -- The morning after the Boston Marathon bombings, Ben Cardin, the first speaker on the Senate floor after leaders opened the day's session, marked the national crisis with some heartfelt thoughts on … school libraries. "Across the...Tags: Prescription Drugs, Barack Obama, Keith Ellison, John Shimkus, Republican Party
Local U.S. lawmakers reaction to Corbett health insurance exchange decision
Call Washington BureauPennsylvania Gov. Tom Corbett decided Wednesday to let the federal government run a health insurance exchange mandated by the 2010 Affordable Care Act for Pennsylvanians rather than set up a state-based site. Read The Morning Call's full story on the...Tags: Health Insurance, Barack Obama, Mike Kelly, Jim Gerlach, Executive Branch
Congressman helps celebrate 100 years of 4-H
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Pennsylvania 4-H and UnitedHealthcare promote healthy living through fun, creative activities
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Industry practices are at the center of debate on horse safety
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Rep. Barletta endorses Santorum
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Toomey and Casey rescind JoePa Medal of Freedom nomination
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'Skills gap' leaves firms without worker pipeline
PROVIDENCE, R.I. — John Russo's chemical lab in North Kingstown has been growing in recent years, even despite a deflated economy, and he expects to add another 15 to 20 positions to his 49 employees over the next year. But the president of...Tags: Washington (U.S. state), Heavy Engineering, Elections, Arne Duncan, Manufacturing and Engineering
PA Sens. nominate Joe Paterno for high honor
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UFC on FOX 5 results: Nijem takes unanimous decision from fellow TUF vet Proctor
by Matt Erickson on Dec 08, 2012 at 6:55 pm ET
SEATTLE – Ramsey Nijem bloodied Joe Proctor early, then held on for a unanimous decision victory.
Though Nijem seemed to tire in the second round, he was good enough in the first and the third to do enough damage for the win in what was a competitive fight. "Stripper Ramsey" took the win with a 30-27 and two 29-28s from the judges.
The lightweight bout was part of the preliminary card of Saturday's UFC on FOX 5 event at Seattle's KeyArena. It aired on FX following an additional prelim on Facebook and ahead of the main card on FOX.
Both men swung early, and when Nijem looked for a quick takedown, Proctor wrapped up a guillotine along the fence. Though it wasn't tight enough to have Nijem in true trouble, it got his attention. When he finally broke free, he was able to land some good strikes and a knee in a brief Thai clinch.
A few seconds later, a jumping front kick from Nijem landed and put Proctor on his back. Nijem moved in and began landing strikes on the ground as Proctor covered up. Nijem kept the fight on the ground with Proctor bloodied up, and he briefly looked to mount. But Proctor was able to get back to standing and again latched on to Nijem's neck.
That position didn't last long, though, and Nijem took Proctor's back. When the two got back to their feet, they swung wildly. And though Nijem landed more, Proctor landed a big one that hurt Nijem. The fight returned to the ground, where Proctor landed some elbows from half-guard as the round closed.
The two continued to slug it out in the second, and though Nijem landed a few more punches the first half of the round, when Proctor landed they seemed to have more sting on them. Halfway through, when the fight went back to the ground, it was Nijem who was on top looking to attack – before Proctor was able to get out and work a front choke with Nijem up along the fence.
In the third, Proctor seemed to tire and Nijem seemed to find a second wind – or at least enough of one to work from the top a good portion of the round, which certainly worked in his favor with the judges. But with a couple minutes left, Proctor found his way to the top, latched on to Nijem's right arm and looked for first a kimura, then a straight armbar. Although Nijem was in danger, he was able to survive the dangerous spot, stay on top and continued to work shots to the body.
"This was without a doubt the toughest fight I've had to date," Nijem said. "I'm usually able to go in there, take people down at will and dominate them. I've never been in a fight where I couldn't control my opponent on the ground. I'm glad to get the victory, but there's a lot of room for improvement. Luckily, I'm only 24 – so I still have time to make those adjustments. I want to keep competing against the best and break into the top 10 as soon as possible."
Nijem (7-2 MMA, 3-1 UFC) won for the third straight time since losing in the finals of Season 13 of "The Ultimate Fighter." Proctor (8-2 MMA, 1-1 UFC), who fought on "The Ultimate Fighter Live" this past spring, had a four-fight streak halted and lost for the first time in the UFC.
Up-to-the-minute UFC on FOX 5 results include:
- Ramsey Nijem def. Joe Proctor via unanimous decision (30-27, 29-28, 29-28)
- Daron Cruickshank def. Henry Martinez via knockout (head kick) - Round 1, 2:57
- Abel Trujillo def. Marcus LeVesseur via TKO (knees) - Round 2, 3:56
- Dennis Siver def. Nam Phan via unanimous decision (30-24, 30-25, 30-26)
- Scott Jorgensen def. John Albert via submission (rear-naked choke) - Round 1, 4:59
(Pictured: Ramsey Nijem)
Steven Marrocco and Ben Fowlkes contributed to this report on-site in Seattle.


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ALBANY, N.Y. -- The College of St. Rose celebrates its 89 Commencement by honoring outgoing President Dr. R. Mark Sullivan and his wife, Kathleen.
It was a moment to remember as hundreds of graduates collected their diploma's Saturday. The ceremony was held at the Times union center so more guests could attend.
Doctor Sullivan is leaving his post after serving as president for the last 16 years. During his speech, the president touched on the importance of keeping the spirit of learning alive, even after graduation.
Dr. Sullivan said, "The first and most important bit of advice is to never stop learning. a new degree simply lays the foundation for future learning."
Doctor David Szczerbacki will take over as the new college president on July 1st.


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Falcon Foundation
Welcome to the Falcon Foundation's new website! We are committed to providing scholarships to those who seek Air Force Academy admission leading to careers as Air Force Officers.
News and Upcoming Events:
Watch the video of Major Henry Schantz (USAFA Class of 2000) describing how the Falcon Foundation gave him a scholarship that launched his successful Air Force career.
Read a September 2012 Checkpoints article detailing the Falcon Foundation advantage.
- Falcon Foundation Vice Chairman, Bruce Whitman, is recipient of the National Air Transportation Association's (NATA) William A. "Bill" Ong Memorial Award.
- 99% completion success rate in 2012


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$ 148.00
$ 59.20
Polka dot shirt dress made from a blend of cotton and Lycra®. Chest pocket. Mother-of-pearl buttons on placket and cuffs. 35" center back length. Dry clean. Imported.
Unfortunately, we are unable to fulfill your requested quantity at this time. The remaining items will be shipped as soon as they are available.


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Making Work Actually Work
Posted: March 21st, 2012 | Author: Youdazzle | Filed under: Collaboration, Data room, File sharing, Small Business, Success | Tags: 2012, analytics, branded data rooms, clients, cloud, collaboration, collaborative, connect, connections, data rooms, New York Times, Productivity, success, virtual office | No Comments »"[O]ur attraction to a world of infinite possibility, information and complexity is here to stay. The challenge is how to participate productively in this new and turbulent world, and not be paralyzed by it." –David Allen, "When Office Technology Overwhelms, Get Organized," The New York Times, 3/18/12
Well-known business consultant David Allen contributed a fascinating column this past weekend to The New York Times, which addresses the conundrum he describes in the quote above. Basically, Allen is writing about what we all feel: technology has made our lives easier but in doing so has also piled a lot more management headaches on us and added job responsibilities onto our shoulders. So, the challenge is, how do we make technology really work for us?
Allen has a lot of great organizational tips, including a simple one that many people ignore at their peril: if something will only take 2 minutes, do it right away. Also, he notes that we need to make lists not just for the sake of list making but to actually get something accomplished.
There's where we really think secure online data rooms can help. If we are able to organize our files online in an actual system, then we can achieve a few goals straight away:
- We can send people after information found in a clear, centralized place rather than having to create endless email chains trying to get data to people.
- We can track what data is actually being used via analytics and then we can avoid wasting time on data that no one is even bothering to look at.
- We can invite others to contribute to our data rooms, cutting down on work cycles and making work collaborative again.
As Allen says, "To be successful in the new world of work, we need to create a structure for capturing, clarifying and organizing all the forces that assail us; and to ensure time and space for thinking, reflecting and decision making."
Now, data rooms are just one small step towards this overall goal, but wouldn't it be nice to clear your desk and clear your mind by putting everything in one organized place and then seeing what gets used when? Not only will you feel a sense of accomplishment when things get done—a sense we rarely get in this modern work world—but you can avoid doing work that no one even uses. Now, isn't that a novel concept.
So, go and get your list started. As Allen says, organize by priority and don't let the most recent thing become tops just because it is top of mind. And remember to add a bit of free time to that list because once you get your data room up and running, you might even have time to do something for yourself for a change. (Just don't tell your boss…or your spouse!)


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- Arts & Crafts Materials
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- AMACO® Liquid Lead-Free Underglaze - LUG-40 Chartreuse, Pint
AMACO® Liquid Lead-Free Underglaze - LUG-40 Chartreuse, Pint
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Brilliant, ready-to-use colors. AMACO® Liquid Underglaze Decorating Colors are supplied in time-saving, ready-to-use form in 2-oz. jars. The concentrated, opaque colors are recommended for covering large areas quickly, easily and smoothly. Results are equally effective when the colors are used for detailed painting, sgraffito decoration, watercolor effects, free brush painting, wax resists, and mishima decoration.
24 intense, easy-to-apply colors are available and other colors, shades, and tints are made by blending. The colors may be brushed on greenware which is to be bisque fired before applying a covering glaze, or on mature Cone 04 bisque, then covering glaze applied and fired to maturing temperature of the clear glaze. Color chips shown were glazed with LG-10 and fired to Cone 05 (1911°).
For opaque coverage by brushing, the consistency of the color in the jar is correct. White slip may be tinted by adding small amounts of most LUG colors to produce colored slip. Intensity depends on quantity used. To color moist clay, cut clay in very thin slices, pour LUG color between slices and wedge until uniform color is achieved.
Since the colors are approximately the same tone before and after firing, the effectiveness of color combinations and blending is observed as the painting progresses.
Transparent covering glazes are applied on decorated bisque shapes, and the pieces are fired to the maturing temperature of the glaze. AMACO® Glazes LG-9, LG-10, F-10 and HF-9 are recommended as clear glazes. LUG-25 will appear green turquoise under LG-9 and blue turquoise under LG-10. Colored transparent glazes in the LG, F and HF series may be selected for unusual effects. For best results, apply two coats only of LUG-51, 52, 54, 55, and 56.
AMACO® liquid underglazes have only been tested and approved as dinnerware safe when applied and fired under AMACO® LG-10 Clear Glaze. Other glazes may also be used. Tableware producers must test all finished ware to establish dinnerware status, due to possible variations in firing temperature and contamination.
Click here to see Key [1] under Glaze Recommendations.


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OK- it came down to a coin toss.
I was torn between sharing the wisdom of the original American sage- Ben Franklin; or someone you may never have heard of.
Since it's so easy to access the wisdom of Franklin, and in the spirit of the coming 150th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg- I'm going to introduce you to a neighbor of mine-
Joshua L. Chamberlain.
"Let me say no danger and no hardship ever makes me wish to get back to that college life again."
Let me explain this one…
Chamberlain was immortalized in the movie "Gettysburg" as the "Hero of Little Round Top." Among historical types, it's a matter of debate as to whether or not his actions and those of the 20th Maine actually saved the Union from defeat, but no worries- the man deserves our admiration.
Chamberlain was a professor at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine- about a half-mile up the hill from where I'm sitting right now.
In those days, one could petition for a military commission with absolutely no prior experience or training. Most of these politically appointed officers were simply trying to gain stature or they felt themselves societally superior to the average soldier.
Not Chamberlain- he sincerely felt a higher calling to serve and he took his job seriously!
What I admire most about Chamberlain is that he is, to me, the iconic model of the never-ending process of self-perfection. If you look up "Student" (capitalization intentional) in the dictionary, his picture should be there.
Once appointed, he absorbed everything available about military tactics and leadership. Very quickly, he became one of the most effective and dynamic officers of the Civil War.
When he left for the war, he left behind a life of some promise and security- and a wife who was not shy to remind him of that fact!
Still, he embraced his new career and could not imagine returning to what he saw as a life too ordinary.
"But the cause for which we fought was higher; our thought wider… That thought was our power."
And that's the genuine power of believing in a cause.
Of course Chamberlain is referring here to what he perceived as the advantage the Union Army had over the brave fighting men of the Confederacy.
What were the Confederate soldiers truly fighting for? Despite the whitewashed version in your grade school textbooks, most soldiers of the South were not fighting to preserve slavery. Most of the men in the ranks were common people who didn't own slaves.
Also despite the historic debate, many who fought on the Federal side did sincerely believe that they were fighting for freedom- and to preserve the ideal of a United States of America.
No matter what your calling, you're always going to work harder, endure more suffering and persevere through adversity if you have a genuine cause.
"We fought no better, perhaps, than they. We exhibited, perhaps, no higher individual qualities."
Respect for one's enemy is not only noble- it's essential.
Without respect for your enemy, the tendency is to underestimate his quality and inflate your own.
Visit Appomattox Court House in Virginia and you'll see the actual location where Lee surrendered to Grant, effectively ending the Civil War. In the tradition of the day, the defeated Confederate troops were to pass in review to surrender their weapons.
Chamberlain was appointed to oversee this ritual.
Instead of humiliating the Confederates, Chamberlain did something that could have easily earned him a court martial in those days…
…he touched his sword to his boot- a recognized salute and gesture of honor.
This salute quickly spread through the ranks and instead of attracting a reproach from his superiors, Chamberlain's actions served as a profound gesture of reconciliation and earned him respect and admiration from both sides.
How you treat your enemy today will be remembered by your neighbor tomorrow- or by your potential customer or business collaborator!
And here's your bonus for this installment…
I'm sick to death of the seemingly endless litany of corruption, lies, deceit and complete lack of personal responsibility in leadership today.
Aren't you?
Today's so-called leaders would benefit greatly by the example of the 3 wise men I shared with you this week. Most of all- to study the leaders of the past and learn from them.
We've got to get back to some sense of higher purpose. We've got to look past the quick profit and the short term gain and start looking once again toward building a sustainable future…
…one based on lasting values.
Then maybe once again…
"…we can hold our spirits and our bodies so pure and high, we may cherish such thoughts and such ideals, and dream such dreams of lofty purpose, that we can determine and know what manner of men we will be, whenever and wherever the hour strikes and calls to noble action."
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After its annual report from the N.C. Cooperative Extension Service Oct. 2, the Anson County Board of Commissioners spent a large part of its regular monthly meeting focusing on the issue of fracking, as well as some ongoing problems with the county's emergency services.
Jennifer Lee, a resident of Ansonville and a member of Anson County's W.A.L.L., appeared before the board to give an update on fracking in North Carolina. Fracking is the process of hydraulic fracturing of shale rock basins beneath the ground to produce natural gas. One of those basins runs straight through Anson County.
Opponents to fracking say that the process causes irreversible environmental damage, polluting natural waters and wells, and can make people and animals sick. Proponents argue that it will help improve the state's economy by providing a domestic source of natural gas.
The W.A.L.L. group, which stands for "protecting Water, Air, Land and Lives," was established last year to help prevent fracking from coming to Anson County. However, Lee said, the group has received a lot of interest and has made contacts throughout the region, and the group has changed its name to Pee Dee W.A.L.L. In June, the N.C. General Assembly voted to allow fracking in North Carolina. "This is a cart-before-the-horse situation," Lee said. "There are no regulations in place yet."
"Why would the state vote for such a thing?" Commissioner Jim Sims asked. Lee said that there are some property owners in Lee County who want to bring fracking there, for the economic benefits. "They should've exempted some areas then," Sims said.
Commission Chair Anna Baucom said that she would like for the commissioners to form a task force on fracking. "I think we should get the information and get us to a place where we can take action," she said. "Our board should take leadership on this."
Later in the meeting, Baucom asked for a vote on creating a task force. Commissioner Jarvis Woodburn offered the motion, while Commissioner Vancine Sturdivant seconded. The motion passed unanimously. "We've got a lot riding on this," Baucom said. "I think the state has gotten into something they don't fully understand."
As part of his monthly report to the commissioners, County Manager Lawrence Gatewood stated that the proposed new Emergency Services Center has hit a snag. Bids were opened Sept. 11, and the county received eight bids on the project. Although eight is a good number of bids to receive, Gatewood said the bids ranged from $4.25 million to $5 million, 18.2 percent over what he had expected.
"We really need to stay within that $3.6 million window we budgeted for," Gatewood said. He added that he planned to work with the architect and the lowest bidder to identify areas that could be cut back on.
"Over the next few weeks, we will reconvene and see what we can do to build a facility for $3.6 million," Gatewood said.
Also in the area of emergency services, Commissioner Bobby Sikes said that recently there was an incident that caused Anson Rescue Squad to consider disbanding. "They now have a person on-site 24 hours so that someone can respond," he said, referring to an accident three weeks ago, in which it took more than five minutes for an ambulance to respond.
Gatewood said that the county funds Anson Rescue Squad, which is made up of volunteers, with $24,000 a year, and the volunteer rescue squad answers approximately every third 911 call during peak hours from 8:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., while others are handled by Anson EMS, which is made up of paid county employees. It is our goal to respond to all 911 calls for ambulance service as quickly and safely as possible.
Baucom said she wanted the commissioners to discuss increasing county funding for the rescue squad during the next budget cycle. "We need to look at this," she said. "We need a seamless process between our volunteers and Anson County services."
In other business, the commissioners:
- heard a report from tourism director Dave Smith, who will give quarterly report on tourism and the Tourism Development Authority's activities from now on.
-approved a land acquisition for the Anson County Airport and a lease renewal for the Anson Flying Club.
-unanimously adopted a resolution accepting bids from the county's recent surplus auction. Gatewood reported that the auction had exceeded expectations, raising $34,700. He said another auction will hopefully be forthcoming next year.
-heard an update from Randy Gulledge on the county's website and GIS.
The commissioners went into closed session before adjourning.


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4. | Spanked | ||
To be fucked out of your mind. Above being shit faced. Word Created by Joe Laing. broooo im so spanked after that 2'6 !
1. | spanked | ||
Past participle of spank which means
to attack someone's ass while their pants are down and they can't defend themselves. Often for the amusement of others. When Sally went skinny dipping and got her upper body stuck in the filter, everyone in a 1 mile area spanked her.
2. | spanked | ||
To be beaten decisively in a contest, especialy a sporting event. Man, our team got spanked!
3. | spanked | ||
To utterly defeat your enemy. I just "spanked" your whole team with a rocket!
5. | Spanked | ||
A term used if you've done too much ketamine! Which usually results in a massive k hole mate, I'm spanked!!!
that line spanked me! |
6. | Spanked | ||
Probably British slang. Really drunk, or off yer face. Possible to use when tired. Synonyms include "mashed", "wasted", "caned". 1. Dodgy Dave was really spanked when he came back from that club last Thursday. I wonder how many cheeky fellas he'd necked?
2. I rode my unicycle to the sea and took a swim today. By the time I got back home (it was 30km there and back), picked up some groceries, scrubbed off the sunblock, prepared a green salad and steak dinner, and washed it down with a glass of Chianti, I was absolutely spanked. |
7. | spanked | ||
When your about to make a post about something on a forum,and someone posts it just when you were clicking "submit", You got spanked. Forum guy 1: Heres a youtube link
Forum guy 2: I found it on youtube! (edit) Damn, i got spanked by forum guy 1 |


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Vinod (Vinny) K. Bhutani
Publication Details
Predischarge screening for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia identifies infants who need phototherapy.
J Pediatr. 2013; (3): 477-482.e1
To test whether the combined use of total plasma/serum bilirubin (TSB) levels and clinical risk factors more accurately identifies infants who receive phototherapy than does the use of either method alone.


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HealthWise KnowledgeBase
Breast Ultrasound
Test Overview
A Reference breast ultrasound Opens New Window uses sound waves to make a picture of the tissues inside the breast. A breast ultrasound can show all areas of the breast, including the area closest to the chest wall, which is hard to study with a Reference mammogram Opens New Window. Breast ultrasound does not use Reference X-rays Opens New Window or other potentially harmful types of radiation.
A breast ultrasound is used to see whether a breast lump is filled with fluid (a Reference cyst Opens New Window) or if it is a solid lump. An ultrasound does not replace the need for a mammogram, but it is often used to check abnormal results from a mammogram.
For a breast ultrasound, a small handheld unit called a Reference transducer Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window is gently passed back and forth over the breast. A computer turns the sound waves into a picture on a TV screen. The picture is called a sonogram or ultrasound scan.
By: | Reference Healthwise Staff | Last Revised: Reference March 8, 2012 |
Medical Review: | Reference Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine
Reference Howard Schaff, MD - Diagnostic Radiology |
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Reference Terms of Use. Reference How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.


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Few details are being released yet on the death of an 80-year-old Clinton man, struck down by a Highway Patrol trooper Tuesday night as he was crossing N.C. 242. And Highway Patrol officials noted Wednesday afternoon that it could be several weeks before more details would be available.
Ottis Parker was killed in the accident. The trooper, Emory T. Brown, will be placed on administrative duty pending the completion of the collision investigation, Highway Patrol authorities said.
Being placed on administrative duty, noted First Sgt. Jeff Gordon, Highway Patrol public information officer, in a release is "customary in critical incidents of this degree."
Trooper Brown, a nine-year veteran, is currently assigned to the Motor Carrier Enforcement Section, Troop B District 9 Fayetteville.
The accident happened around 7 p.m. Tuesday as Brown was traveling north on N.C. 242, about 0.1 miles north of Autryville Road in Salemburg. He was driving his Patrol vehicle at the time of the incident.
"The investigation is ongoing and information being provided is preliminary in nature," Gordon noted in the release.
Contacted by telephone Wednesday, Gordon said no further details would be released at this time, pending a detailed investigation that, he noted, could take a couple weeks to complete.
"There will be a lengthy examination of the evidence," he stressed.


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Only one in 1,000 people is truly "heart healthy," according to doctors examining healthy living guidelines.
The American Heart Association has issued a list of seven steps to follow to minimize the chances of suffering cardiovascular disease. Those who meet all the criteria significantly cut their risk of having a heart attack, experts say.
Life's Simple Seven are:
- Not smoking;
- Being physically active;
- Not being overweight;
- Maintaining healthy cholesterol levels;
- Keeping blood pressure down;
- Regulating blood sugar levels;
- And eating healthily.
Jean-Pierre Despres, scientific director of the International Chair on Cardiometabolic Risk, an academic health organization, said the number of people who met all seven criteria was minuscule.
"If you look at those Simple Seven, and you measure what percentage of different populations around the developed world meet those criteria, it's only 0.1 per cent. In terms of having an optimal risk of cardiovascular disease, only one in 1,000 people is healthy," Despres said.
"If you only use the traditional risk factors, like cholesterol and blood pressure, you would probably end up with 15 per cent."
But when exercise, or the lack of it, and diet were taken into consideration, the number who were really healthy was far smaller.
"Exercise and nutrition are the two hardest indicators of cardiovascular health to meet," he said.
Far fewer people got the recommended 150 minutes of weekly exercise than claimed to do so, Despres added.
Although 60 per cent tell interviewers that they reach that target, when properly assessed only a third do.
Despres also said cutting out hidden salt and sugar was difficult, meaning few eat healthily.
He claimed that the health benefit of meeting all seven steps was "amazing."
"Those who meet these criteria just don't have heart attacks before 65," he said.
Two-thirds of adults in Britain are either overweight or obese, making the U.K. the fattest nation in western Europe.
But Despres said Britons should "forget about weight" as an end in itself and instead concentrate on quitting smoking and getting active.
A report last fall indicates that almost a third of Canadians aged five to 17 are overweight or obese, according to Statistics Canada.
"Being physically active is extremely beneficial for your heart health," Despres said.
Among obese people with the same waistline, he added, those who were physically active had half the chance of suffering from heart disease.
A U.S. study has found sticking to the seven steps can halve the chance of getting cancer.
Researchers at Northwestern University in Chicago studied the health of more than 13,000 people for 25 years.
Those who adhered to six or seven of the criteria had a 51 per cent lower chance of getting cancer than those who met none.


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Location Details
Fast Eddie's Sports & Billiards Springfield
7255 Commerce Street
Springfield, VA 22150
Springfield, VA 22150
(703) 912-7529
Full Service Bar, 15 Pool Tabless, 2 Dart boards and DJ/Dancing.
Rank | Player | Score |
Based on scores by registered players in games for the past 6 months. Medals and Top 100 finishes are only awarded for games with at least 300 players. Repeat games do not qualify. Local wins are only awarded for games with at least 2 players in the game.


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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
lol loving the adventures of Chuck!
Thanks for becoming my newest buddy. Hope that it is a great weekend for you. Your new buddy, Warren {:D)
Congratulations on having the dedication to post for 2,000 consecutive days. Keep up the Great Work and Good Luck in the future! Want to become buddies??? Warren :-)
Congrats on two-thousand straight days!!! ... and congrats on hitting the 2.5-million point mark ...
Hey - a SUPER congrats on 2000 consecutive days!!
Congratulations on 2,000 consecutive days!
Thanks for being my newest buddy, How is the weather in calqary today, we are in the High 70"s
Congratulation on reaching the 2000 Day mark, Great job keep up the hard work
May the spirit of Christmas be with you and yours and continue into the 2013.
1900 consecutive days, awesome!


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Elves Rock Christmas Men's Sleeveless Tee by CafePress
Beat the summer heat or workout in comfort. Our 100% cotton sleeveless tee from Anvil is what to wear when you want to go casually cool.6.1 oz. 100% cottonStandard fit
This item is available from
CafePress-Custom T-Shirts, Unique Gifts, Posters and more.


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The KPMG International Annual Review focuses on our record of achievement and those who define us as an organization: clients, people and communities.
We will build and sustain our reputation as the best firm to work with by ensuring that our people, our clients and our communities achieve their full potential.
KPMG's Global IFRS Institute provides information and resources to help Board and Audit Committee Members, Executives, Management, Stakeholders and Government Representatives gain insight on the evolving global financial reporting framework.
CC&S is a global network of professionals providing sustainability & climate change services delivering value to corporate & public sector clients.
Mining organizations need to adapt across the mining asset lifecycle, from expansion to closure, as changing economic, political and regulatory environment demand greater flexibility.
The Chemical industry's landscape is changing fast - global companies are developing or launching new products and services – and appear optimistic - setting sights on geographic expansion.
Something to Teach, Something to Learn addresses practitioners rather than policy makers - and it champions real and successful developments as well as showing how new theories can be applied in the real world.
This report provides an analysis of the complex, fragmented and rapidly evolving green tax landscape worldwide. It aims to encourage companies to explore the opportunities of green tax incentives, and to reduce exposure to green tax penalties.
The global job search tool allows you to search available career opportunities within many of our 150 member firms worldwide.
KPMG's International Case Competition (KICC) is a chance for students to challenge yourself to solve a real business issue and an opportunity to meet new people across the globe.
Member firms' clients include business corporations, governments and public sector agencies and not-for-profit organizations. They look to KPMG for a consistent standard of service based on high order professional capabilities, industry insight and local knowledge.
KPMG member firms can be found in 156 countries. Collectively they employ more than 152,000 people across a range of disciplines.
Sustaining and enhancing the quality of this professional workforce is KPMG's primary objective. Wherever we operate we want our firms to be no less than the professional employers of choice.
We contribute to the effective functioning of international capital markets. We support reforms that strengthen the markets' credibility and their social responsibility. We believe that similar reform must extend to the professional realm.


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When I first heard about this, I thought, "oh, this must be from the old testament!" However I was wrong.
1 Corinthians 11:6 NIV
If a woman does not cover her head, she should have her hair cut off; and if it is a disgrace for a woman to have her hair cut or shaved off, she should cover her head.
- Why don't more Christian women wear a covering? Something similar to the hijab that Muslim women wear.
- Are there many (any) mainstream / orthodox denominations that promote head coverings for women?
- When did this tradition stop?
Amish come to mind, but I wouldn't call them orthodox.
One answer should be able to cover the three questions above as they're related.


text:
General Information
- Late Breaking Information - 6-12-2013
- Fair Funding for Our Future
- June 17, 2013 Aid Payment Information
- October 15 Aid Certification Summary
- Education Jobs Fund (Ed Jobs)
- State Fiscal Stabilization Funds (SFSF)
- Webcast Presentations
- PI 1500 District Contacts Report
- School Finance Data Warehouse
- School Finance Reporting Portal
- Calendars, Important Dates to Remember
- District Budget Development and Planning
- SFS Learning Center
- School Finance RSS News Feeds
Click the link for DPI's Spring Finance Workshop Presentation
Spring Finance Workshop Presentation (Powerpoint Format)
Spring Finance Workshop Presentation (PDF Format)
WASDA New School Administrators Workshop - April 2013 Presentation (Power Point Format)
WASDA New School Administrators Workshop - April 2013 Presentation (PDF Format)
School Financial Services Team
Mission Statement Team Directory / Staff Assignments
The School Finance Team provides information and support to district administrators and fiscal staff, CESA/CCDEB administrators, legislators, public interest groups, taxpayers, researchers and media. Suggestions assist in continually improving the usefulness of our site.
Email: email@example.com
Phone: (608) 267-9114 Fax:(608) 266-2840
WI Finance-Related Links


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WBAL's Brett Hollander and Keith Mills recently sat down with one of their favorite people, former Baltimore Ravens offensive tackle Jonathon Ogden, in the Big Easy.
Hollander and Mills asked Ogden about his possible induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
He said it couldn't come soon enough.
"I don't want to say it's pressure," he said. "It's just that people are always asking me like, 'You're a shoe-in? You're a shoe-in?' And I'm like, 'Look, nothing is done until it's done.' "
He added that he'll be excited and relieved once the announcement is made. That announcement is due at 5:45pm on Saturday.
"If I get that call, then I'll be like Woo-hoo, he said. "But up until then, we'll see what happens. But whatever happens, just get going. Get to it."
Ogden also talked with Hollander and Mills about how exciting it was for the Ravens to be in the Super Bowl, and also how it exciting it would be for him to celebrate their possible victory with linebacker Ray Lewis.


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Peru Power Profile
Published: 4/23/2012
IHS CERA is pleased to present a Peru power sector profile in a user-friendly PowerPoint format, part of a series of profiles that also includes Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. These profiles will provide insight and analysis on the key issues relative to the national power industry.
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- MENA in 2013: Too big to fail? Key highlights from IHS CERAWeek 2013 on the Middle East and North Africa
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- IHS Upstream Spend Report: Global Upstream Oil and Gas Industry Spending (Historical and Outlook), First Quarter 2013
- Methane Hydrates Breakthrough: The next game changer or a major step on a longer road?


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Sentiments: Sloan & Co. Heart Locket
Designed and manufactured by the prestigious firm of Sloan & Co. located in "the city of gold and platinum and precious stones" (aka Newark, New Jersey), the enigmatic heart locket takes on a slightly puffed profile of 14k yellow gold. The front of the hinged locket is ornamented in the center with a gypsy set brilliant cut diamond of an estimated .03 carats. The interior reveals two compartments ready for photos and keepsakes all your own.
Date: Circa 1950.
Measurements: 1-1/8 inches (3 cm) in length including bale by 7/8 of an inch (2.1 cm) in width. Weight of 8.2 grams (5.3 dwt).
Hallmarks: "14k"; Sloan mark.
Condition: Excellent; plastic inserts for the interior locket compartments.
Origin: American.
Note: Diamond has not been removed from mount to preserve the integrity of the setting. Diamond weight has been approximated by measurement and formula and may vary from actual weight.
Historical Notes: In 1891 the company became known as John A. Riley & Sloan & Company; in 1895 it became Sloan & Co and in 1896 an office was opened at 21 Maiden Lane in New York City. The company produced elegant jewelry for high-end retailers all across the nation including Cartier and Tiffany. The city of Newark played a major role in the design and manufacture of jewelry from around the 1800s through to the 1950s with Sloan & Co. one of the major players and innovative for the time producing affordable jewelry for middle-class Americans. During the peak Newark jewelers produced 90% of America's 14k gold and 50% of its 18k jewelry.
Forms of Payment
- VISA and MasterCard, Discover and American Express credit & debit cards.
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- Notify us of your intention to return the item within three (3) days of receipt. You may contact us by email or by telephone.
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You're watching...
Immigration issue a big opportunity for Republicans?
Condoleezza Rice says GOP has chance to demonstrate a 'broad appeal'
- Duration 4:21
- Date Jan 21, 2013
You're watching...
Condoleezza Rice says GOP has chance to demonstrate a 'broad appeal'
Also in this playlist...
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-- President Obama promising to deliver on immigration reform arriving in the second term and now former secretary of state Condoleezza Rice says that the issue could actually.
Be a very big opportunity she believes for Republicans listen to what she sat.
We've got to get comprehensive immigration reform back on the agenda there's some Republicans like -- Marco Rubio and others who are speaking out about this.
Because the Republican Party has to demonstrate that it has broad appeal.
Chris Wallace joins me now anchor of FOX News Sunday the morning -- but happy inauguration day -- it's pretty exciting.
It's very exciting it's just beautiful here and it's going to be a great day for the country.
As we -- -- I don't touch a little bit about this immigration issue because and I hear about Marco Rubio and you see what he's working on right now.
It he can't help but sort of look back from on that we're looking forward a lot today but Marco Rubio have this idea about immigration before the president came out with his plan.
And Mitt Romney had an opportunity to sign onto it and now Condoleezza Rice seems to be saying you know we have to learn some lessons from the last election.
The GOP as in terms of how -- how did you -- him.
Absolutely I mean look at the exit polls 71%.
Of us that -- -- of the fastest growing demographic.
In America and 71%.
Of them voted.
For Obama.
And in back to eight years prior to that in 2000 border.
George W.
Bush got 44%.
Of Hispanics Romney couldn't even get 30% and that's the difference in a state like Florida and a bunch of other states around the country.
Republicans have got to find a way to say to Hispanics.
That we're on your side we welcome you we value you and yes even through the eleven million illegals who were here.
And you're exactly right did during the height of the 2012.
Campaign Marco Rubio was talking about a -- -- -- Some kind of measure that would allow that the people who were clear that if we're talking now about young people who were brought here as children through no fault that they -- round.
Would -- -- to college or gone to serve in the military to make sure that they weren't deported out of path to citizenship.
And while he was talking about it.
President Obama announced an executive order basically saying to the immigration -- immigration naturalization service don't deport those people.
So the message went out to a lot of Hispanic voters.
President Obama is on our side while the Republicans are still fooling around.
They can't do that this time they've got to find a way I understand the concerns about people breaking our laws and certainly border enforcement asked to be part of that.
But they have to send a message to Hispanics that we understand and value you and we have an answer.
For for for all of the millions of you were out there and.
Yeah I think you can really look to that as one of the significant turning points in the 2012 election in terms of losing that large constituency.
So you look at it now -- Marco Rubio clearly one of the strongest voices on this.
In the past president George W.
Bush talked a lot about arrangements that could be made for people who are here -- You know who it is rubio the one to lead the charge on this and will he have a competitive voice to the president in this discussion.
Well -- he'll only have a competitive ways if he can get Republican by -- I mean he there's no question that as edit as say the child of Cuban American exiles.
He has the story and he's a powerful speaker.
But it I'll look at at 2012.
If he if he can't get Republicans to buy -- to do whatever it is that he comes up whereas.
Now he's not going to be competitive with the president the president is talking about some big and -- will hear about it today or hear about the State of the Union Address some -- -- -- some of that tonight.
-- of major comprehensive plan that involves all sorts of aspects of immigration reform rubio in the Republicans are talking about a piecemeal approach.
Dot might make more sense but it isn't going to be nearly as appealing.
Two Hispanic people who are listening out there today.
It could be very easily for Democrats and the president dominate that conversation.
Big decision to be made by the GOP and Condoleezza Rice calling them out.
And asking them what they're gonna do about it Chris thank you will be watching you throughout media coverage of this that big inauguration day BC thank you press.


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The Florida Folklife Collection includes approximately 150 cubic feet of paper records (including field notes and administrative files) and thousands of audio and video recordings, which date from the 1930s through 2001.
Created by Florida folklorists, the Collection consists of 88 individual series that document the performances by, interviews with, and fieldwork surveys of folk musicians, artisans, storytellers, folklife interpreters, and other Florida peoples and their traditions. Read more.
Search this database for descriptions of photographs and audio recordings from the Florida Folklife Collection available at the State Archives of Florida. Approximately 46,000 photographic images and approximately 5,000 audio recordings are cataloged. Contact the Archives to order images and recordings.
Florida Memory is funded under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act, from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the Florida Department of State, Division of Library and Information Services.
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