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This paper was presented at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication in San Antonio, Texas August 2005. If you have questions about this paper, please contact the author directly. If you have questions about the archives, email rakyat [ at ] eparker.org. For an explanation of the subject line, send email to [log in to unmask] with just the four words, "get help info aejmc," in the body (drop the ""). (Feb 2006) Thank you. Elliott Parker ==================================================================== Intermedia analysis of foreign news INTERMEDIA ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN NEWS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE NEW YORK TIMES AND NBC NIGHTLY NEWS: 1974 - 2004 Miao Zhang Graduate Student Ohio University 300 W. State St., Apt G8 Athens, OH 45701 Tel: 740-274-9696 Email: [log in to unmask] A student paper submitted to the International Communication Division for presentation at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Annual Convention, in San Antonio, Texas, on August 10-13, 2005 Intermedia analysis of foreign news: A longitudinal study of The New York Times and NBC Nightly News: 1974 - 2004 Abstract This study examines ways that NBC Nightly News sourced The New York Times for its foreign news coverage. Findings show that the amount of television news quoting the lead newspaper declined over time. Among the several ways of quotations, scoops of the newspaper are most often used. Quotations for foreign news are less than those for domestic news. Most often quoted news topics deal with foreign relations, crime or military. Introduction Television and newspapers are the primary media utilized by Americans to access news. Newspapers started in the 1600s, which are still widely used by the public today. Since World War II, television has developed into a popular medium. Americans get most of their information from television broadcasting today (Chandler, 1998). In 2000, adults 18 or older spent 1,633 hours per person per year on television, and 151 hours on daily newspapers (Bureau of Census, 2002). For adults 18 or older, their television spending was $192.82 per person per year, and their spending on daily newspapers was $53.32 per person per year (Bureau of Census, 2002). Mass media in the United States are well known for the role of watchdog. A free press is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. According to a Global Survey of Media Independence by Freedom of the Press 2005 (www.freedomhouse.org), media in the U.S. are rated as "free" with the assessments of the state's laws and regulations, political and economic pressures and controls. With the trend of media globalization, American mass media pay more attention to the rest of the world, although the amount of news decreased in the past years (Riffe & Budianto, 2001). Foreign news coverage on mass media is related with public assessments of foreign nations (Salwen & Matera, 1992; Wanta, Lee & Golan, 200). It has an influence on the image types of a country or a culture, as well as the flow of international capital (Kunczik, 2002). Under a global environment, it is significant to explore how the home country covers foreign countries for its own interests. Previous research has shown that the news agendas of different news organizations have influences on each other (Danielian & Reese, 1989). How is foreign news covered by different American media? How is such foreign news coverage at different media related with each other? This study aims to explore questions in such areas. Purpose of study This study applies the intermedia agenda setting theory to the major U.S. mass media. It explored, over time, how a television broadcaster built up its foreign news coverage for its audience by quoting that covered by the newspapers. Literature Review Intermedia agenda setting theory McCombs and Shaw (1972) proposed agenda setting theory, which states that news coverage can influence the salience of objects on the public agenda. Later they refined that the framing of objects on the media agenda also can influence the pictures of those objects in the audience's heads (McComb & Shaw, 1972). A key question is who set the media agenda. Other media are one of factors influencing the media agenda, which was referred by Danielian and Reese (1989). Intermedia agenda setting is defined in terms of the influence that the news agendas of different news organizations have on each other (Danielian & Reese, 1989). It deals with the effect of elite media such as The New York Times on other media (Danielian & Reese, 1989). Research on intermedia agenda setting theory can be traced to the late 1980s. Intermedia agenda setting was first investigated in the news coverage of state government (Atwater et al., 1987). By analyzing trends in story origination across media over time, researchers found that similar news judgments had been made by wire services, newspapers, radio, and television stations. High and significant correlations in topic agendas were found. Newspapers were found more likely than the other media to set this longer range, more specific story agenda (Atwater et al., 1987). Danielian and Reese (1989) proposed intermedia agenda setting theory when they studied cocaine coverage by examining national, elite U.S. daily newspapers, news magazines, and television networks news shows. Reese and Danielian (1989) pointed out that media's coverage is similar in timing, emphasis, and source selection. "Similarities in coverage may simply result from equally accurate news judgments. If convergence occurs in stories that are not purely event-driven, however, media organizations may be looking to each other for guidance in an ambiguous situation" (Reese and Danielian, 1989, p. 30). Reese and Danielian (1989) also found that print media, specifically The New York Times, set the agenda for the television networks; they lead the television networks rather than the reverse. New media were recently studied regarding political news coverage from the perspective of intermedia agenda setting. A study examined the impact of website campaigning on traditional news media agendas and on public opinions during the 2000 presidential election campaign (Ku et al., 2003). An agenda setting impact of website campaigning on the public in terms of the flow of information was identified based on an intermedia agenda setting approach. Most of the available intermedia agenda setting research involved political news and dealt with the political power of news-oriented media. However, the concept of intermedia agenda setting has been expanded to political advertising. A study of the 1996 presidential election analyzed political television advertisements, major newspapers, and television network newscasts to determine intermedia agenda setting influences (Boyle, 2001). Boyle's findings supported the influence of the major party candidates' advertisements on the news agenda. The direction of influence or intermedia convergence of issue agendas was studied during the 1990 Texas gubernatorial campaign. Televised political advertising was found to have an influence on the television news agenda. The newspaper agenda was found to be correlated with the television agenda. The political advertising agenda was found to be correlated with the newspaper agenda (Roberts & McCombs, 1994). Lopez-Escobar (1998) replicated Roberts and McCombs' research on intermedia agenda setting in a Spanish election to explore that pattern of intermedia relationships. Lopez-Escobar found that the newspaper agenda in Spanish influenced the agenda of television news. Newspaper political advertising influenced both the television and newspaper news agendas. Television news, in turn, influenced the television political advertising agenda (Lopez-Escobar, 1998). Shaver and Lacy (1999) found a negative relationship between the number of radio and television stations and daily newspaper advertising. Shaver and Lacy pointed out that intermedia advertising is monopolistically competitive, with some media being better at some types of advertising than others (Shaver & Lacy, 1999). Breen (1997) indicated that the intermedia agenda setting function of media is reinforced when combined with certain news norms, as with deviance in terms of both volume and valence in his study of media coverage of clergy from 1991 to 1995. Breen discussed the strong media agenda setting effects of the negative triggering events. The intermedia theory was applied to the study of entertainment-oriented media by Soroka (2000). Soroka used Schindler's List and citation indices to evaluate the movie's effects on the Canadian news media agenda. The findings supported the film's ability to affect the news media agenda (Soroka, 2000). Based on prior research and the rationale that the intermedia agenda setting function of media could be reinforced when combined with certain news norms (Breen, 1997), this study applies the intermedia agenda setting theory to foreign news coverage in American media. Results of this study will contribute to the development of the intermedia agenda setting theory by exploring how one medium quotes another medium in foreign news coverage. Determinants of foreign news coverage As to foreign news coverage in the mass media, much research was done in the 1980s on the international news flow into the U.S. and factors influencing such flows. Haynes (1984) concluded that foreign news flows responded to cultural, linguistic, and geographic determinants rather than to the flows on investment and trade. Another study found that increases in GNP, trade, and scope of political dialogue all produced increases in a nation's coverage in elite U.S. newspapers (Ahern, 1984). Ismail (1989) concluded that there were positive correlations between the amount of Asian news coverage and the three variables of trade, cultural contacts, and communication. Since the 1990s, research has been done on effects of foreign coverage on public assessments of foreign nations and the agenda setting influence of media coverage. A study suggested that the amount of news coverage of nations had its greatest effect on public assessments of the amount of coverage given to them by the news media (Salwen & Matera, 1992). Kunczik (2002) stated that mass media reporting of foreign affairs often governed the image types of a country or a culture, which had a strong influence on the flow of international capital. Moreover, the more media coverage a nation received, the more respondents were to think the nation was important to the U.S. interests. The more negative coverage a nation received, the more respondents were to think negatively about the nation (Wanta, Lee & Golan, 2003). Much research in the 1990s contributed to factors influencing foreign news selection in Western mass media. Criteria for international news selection are similar to those used for national news or local news (Kunczik, 2002). Gatekeepers were researched in 1992 through a national survey of newspaper editors (Chang & Lee, 1992). Chang and Lee found that editors considered the following factors in selecting foreign news in descending order of importance: threat to the U.S. and world peace, anticipated reader interest, timeliness, U.S. involvement, as well as loss of lives and property. Four categories of news coverage were found to have the strongest agenda setting influence: international conflicts involving the U.S., terrorism involving the U.S., crime or drugs, and military or nuclear arms (Wanta & Hu, 1993). Tai and Chang (2002) found that most media's top stories involved natural disasters. The editors' ranking of news was moderately correlated with the actual coverage of the domestic and foreign media (Tai & Chang, 2002). Cohen (1995) studied the newsworthiness of foreign countries and concluded that elitism was a major determinant of foreign news reporting since the media of all regions of the world had their largest contingents of foreign correspondents in the U.S. and Western Europe. A secondary determinant was "proximity" to foreign states, which may be expressed in geographical, political, economic, or cultural terms (Cohen, 1995). Chang (1998) re-examined the determinants that may affect the structure and process of foreign and international news flow and coverage in the global setting, and found that countries were not equal to be news in international communication, and that countries in the core zone of the world system had more chances of being in the news than those in the semi-peripheral and peripheral strata (Chang, 1998). Van Belle (2000) analyzed U.S. news media coverage of foreign disasters and found that when the magnitude of the event was controlled for, the only contextual influence that demonstrated the relationship with the amount of coverage was the distance from the United States. Kim and Barnett (1996) furthered the studies of Haynes (1984) and Cohen (1995) to examine the structure of international news flow and its determinants. Kim and Barnett found the inequality of international news flow between the core and the periphery, in which the Western industrialized countries were at the center and dominated international news flow. Regarding the impact of systemic determinants on international news flow between developed and developing nations, trade, population, presence of news agencies, and geographic proximity were found to be factors in transnational news flow (Wu, 2003). Higher ranking of geographical or cultural proximity and more economic or ideological relations of a foreign country led to more intensive coverage of the country (Kunczik, 2002). The structure of international news flow was influenced by a country's economic development, the language(s) its people speak, its physical location, political freedom, and population. Among them, economic development was the most important factor (Kim & Barnett, 1996). Hypotheses and Research Questions: Based on the theory of intermedia agenda setting, this study focuses on foreign news coverage in the U.S. news media from the perspective of intermedia agenda setting. The New York Times was found to take the lead in covering an issue, and that newspapers influenced the agenda of television news which picked up news stories originated in newspapers somewhat later (Reese & Danielian, 1989). Therefore, this study specifically investigates NBC Nightly News selections of The New York Times in terms of quotation type. Two hypotheses and three research questions were proposed as the following. H1: NBC's foreign news quoting The New York Times declined over time. Riffe and Budianto (2001) found that NBC Nightly News stories devoted to domestic events increased from 75.7 percent in 1973 to 87.2 percent in 2000, while news stories devoted to international events decreased from 24.3 percent in 1973 to 12.8 percent in 2000. It is logical to predict NBC's foreign news that quoted The New York Times declined accordingly. H2: The New York Times was used primarily for longer, in-depth foreign news coverage by NBC Nightly News. The New York Times' prestige was reflected partly on its longer, in-depth news stories (Merrill, 1999). This study predicts that NBC used the lead newspaper as a resource when it delved into a foreign topic at some length. The nature of intermedia agenda setting is explored in terms of sources, topics, types of intermedia news selections. Four research questions were proposed. RQ1: Which quoting type was most often used by NBC in its foreign news coverage? RQ2: How was the quoting of The New York Times used in foreign news and domestic news in term of frequencies? RQ3: What news topics did NBC select most often from The New York Times for its foreign news coverage? Research method Media selection This study aims to explore the intermedia agenda influence of newspapers on television's foreign news coverage. Selecting an influential newspaper and television news provider is important. Among the print media, The New York Times has a key role in setting the agenda of U.S. media (Reese & Danielian, 1989). The New York Times is the most influential national daily newspaper in the United States, printing "all the news that's fit to print." The New York Times is on the top three daily newspapers in the United States, with a circulation of 1,113,000 (Time Almanac, 2004). The New York Times has a national popularity for its comprehensive coverage of national, foreign, business, and local news. It is widely read by government officials and other elites, and frequently quoted abroad. John Merrill, a professor emeritus of journalism at the University of Missouri-Columbia, ranked The New York Times as top one on both the 1968 and 1999 top 10 elite dailies (Merrill, 1999). Therefore, The New York Times was selected as a newspaper for this study's purpose. Television broadcasting is a major source for Americans to access information. NBC is one of the dominant commercial television broadcasting networks in the United States. NBC became the first television network to carry 30 minutes of nightly news seven days a week beginning October 24, 1965. According to Nielson Media Research 1998 report on television, NBC's rating was 8.5 and a share of 18 for its early nightly news 6:30 pm to 7:00 pm in 1996-1997. In 2002, NBC's Nightly News had a household rating/share of 7.5/15. Its total viewers were 10.5 million (Wang, 2002). Out of the big four U.S. television networks, NBC Nightly News has the highest viewership. Therefore NBC was selected for study. To understand the intermedia agenda function of a newspaper on a television news provider, this study made a longitudinal content analysis of NBC Nightly News from 1974 to 2004. Data searching and analysis The Television News Index and Abstracts database of the Vanderbilt University Television News Archive was used to electronically access NBC newscast between 1974 and 2004. Using the Vanderbilt database, the searches resulted in 443 items where the title or the abstract contained the phrase "New York Times," specifying the Network as "NBC Only" and searching from "Regular Nightly News broadcasts" and "News Content." Some news items in the search results were removed off the study because of their irrelevance to intermedia theory, such as news dealing with journalists of The New York Times being awarded Pulitzer prizes, someone's career at The New York Times, detention of The New York Times correspondents, or deaths of some employees of The New York Times. After removing irrelevant news, a total of 397 news items remained in the universe of stories. Coding system Each news item was coded based on a pretested system using five variables: date, length, news type, news topic, and source type. Categories for coding were derived from a study by the International Association for Mass Communication Research (Sreberny,-Mohammadi, 1984). Variables are defined as the following. Date is the date of the newscast. It was coded in the format of "mm/dd/yyyy." Length refers to the running minutes of the specific news item. News type refers to what countries are involved in the news story. Any story that discusses issues only in the United States was coded as "U.S. news" no matter where the event happened or was reported. Any story that discussed issues only in non-U.S. countries was coded as "foreign news" no matter where the event happened or was reported. Any story that discussed issues on both the U.S. and other countries was coded as "U.S. and foreign news." For example, a news story about the Iranian crisis was coded as "foreign news." A news story about Reagan's cabinet was coded as "U.S. news." A news story about US-USSR relations was coded as "U.S. and foreign news." News topic included categories derived from the 20 topics developed by the IAMCR study. Its values are: 1= Diplomatic/foreign relations: including inter-state political activity, international aid for disaster, famine or education; 2= Domestic politics: including politics within states/countries/other units, campaign, government actions, etc; 3= Military / defense: armed conflict or threat, peace negotiations / terrorism 4= Economic matters: trade, tariffs, imports, exports, output, sales, price, cost, budget, ratings related to sales, ads or profit; 5= Social and cultural: including social services of health, housing, illiteracy, status of women, employment, strikes; culture, arts, archaeology, history, language, or religion; 6= Crime, police, judicial, legal and penal: including governmental case, such as Watergate Case, court hearings and decisions 7= Scientific, technical, medical 8= Sports and entertainment 9= Personalities: sportsmen, entertainers, professors, others 10= Human interest, odd happening, animal, sex 11= Ecology: energy, pollution, population, other 12= Accidents and natural disasters 13= Other Source type This variable refers to how The New York Times is mentioned in NBC news transcripts. If an NBC news transcript mentioned The New York Times more than one time, the first appearance was coded and fit into one of the following six categories. 1= Scoop: The New York Times is quoted as a direct information provider, generally in the format of "New York Times reports / publishes /prints/ says /notes �" or "according to the New York Times �" This category includes the New York Times' news releases, pictures, ads, editorials, allegation, findings or results of its investigation or reports, its bestseller list or poll results, and statements by the New York Times' spokespersons. 2= Expert source: The New York Times personnel are quoted or cited as news sources for NBC news. For example, critics, writers, reporters, or publishers affiliated with the New York Times are interviewed by the New York Times or another medium. For example, the New York Times music critic John Pareles was quoted in an NBC news story on October 28, 1985. 3= Investigative source: The New York Times acts as a mediator that connects news sources with another news medium such as NBC; persons or events that are quoted in the New York Times are picked up by NBC news. For example, an NBC news story on June 13, 1979, cited a New York Times quote from a Kuwait oil minister concerning oil price increases. 4= News outlet: The New York Times is taken as one of media channels to let out some information. For example, people or organizations wrote to, asked for ads for campaign, or requested particular publication in the New York Times. 5= Comments on NYT coverage: This category includes comments on news coverage in the New York Times, as well as responses, reactions, and follow-ups of such news coverage. For example, an NBC news story on April 19, 1980, dealt with Kennedy's reaction to a New York Times article on Chappagauiddic. Three international graduate students coded about 10 percent of all the data. The intercoder reliability was calculated by percentage of agreement (Holsti, 1969). The overall reliability was 92.71 %, obtained by averaging these percentages: news topic, 79.18 %; quote, 84.04 %; news type, 93.06 %; date, 100%; headline, 100%; length, 100%. Results and Discussion This study analyzed 397 news abstracts from NBC Nightly News appearing from 1974 to 2004, which were accessed through the database offered by the Vanderbilt University Television News Archive. . Table 1: NBC News quoting the New York Times from 1974 to 2004 Year US news Foreign news other Total Foreign news Foreign news with U.S. involved sub-total 1974-79 42 8 29 37 2 81 average 7 1.3 4.8 6.2 0.3 13.5 1980-89 86 24 87 111 1 198 average 8.6 2.4 8.7 11.1 0.1 19.8 1990-99 51 5 16 21 0 72 average 5.1 0.5 1.6 2 0 7.2 2000-04 26 4 16 20 0 46 average 5.2 0.8 3.2 4 0 9.2 Total 205 41 148 189 3 397 H1: NBC's foreign news quoting The New York Times declined over time. (Supported) As Table 1 show, NBC foreign news quoting the New York Times declined over time. NBC's foreign news quoting the New York Times increased from the average of 6.2 items per year in 1970s to 11.1 items per year in the 1980s, then dropped to 2 items per year in 1990s and 4 items per year in the 2000s. Although NBC's foreign news with the quotation of the New York Times fluctuated during the time period, the trend of NBC's foreign news quoting the New York Times declined over time. Therefore, this hypothesis was supported. This conclusion strengthens the finding of previous study by Riffe and Budianto (2001), which stated that NBC Nightly News stories devoted to international events decreased from the 1970s to the 2000s. Figure 1: NBC foreign news coverage that quoted the New York Times over time The most frequent quotation of the New York Times happened in the 1980s (shown in Table 1 and Figure 1). During that period, a lot of coverage was given to foreign countries, such as the USSR, Libya, Lebanon, Israel, and Iran. U.S. policy to foreign countries, especially the Mideast was highly covered. Moreover, major events that took place in the 1980s may contribute to news coverage during that time period. For example, the CIA investigation of a papal assassination plot in 1983, US-USSR relations on defectors, espionage, arms talks, or army control, "Persian Gulf Tension / Iran-Iraq War (1984)," and "Iran arms scandal (1987)." The finding shows that television news more likely quoted the New York Times on topics of politics or foreign relations. It is also consistent with the previous research that the New York Times takes lead in setting the U.S. media agenda, especially on political issues or U.S. foreign policies. In recent years, NBC Nightly News with the quotation of the New York Times has greatly declined when compared to the amount in 1980s. One of reasons may be the availability of more media outlet options today. Although the New York Times still takes lead in setting the agenda of other media, its lead role is somewhat weakened by the increasing media options. The New York Times is not the only source for other media to turn to. Table 2: NBC News distribution by length from 1974 to 2004 Length US news Foreign news other Total Foreign news Foreign news with U.S. involved sub-total 0:00 to 1:00 52 13 49 62 (32.8%) 0 114 2:01 to 3:00 58 10 33 43 (22.8 %) 0 101 1:01 to 2:00 35 5 22 27 (14.3 %) 1 63 4:01 to 5:00 15 5 19 24 (12.7 %) 1 40 3:01 to 4:00 20 5 12 17 (9.0 %) 0 37 5:01 or more 25 3 13 16 (8.5 %) 1 42 Total 205 41 148 189 (100 %) 3 397 H2: The New York Times was used primarily for longer, in-depth foreign news coverage by NBC Nightly News. (Not supported) Length of NBC Nightly News stories was coded in minutes. Table 2 shows the distribution of NBC foreign news with the quotation of The New York Times by the length of newscast. As shown in Table 2, in NBC's foreign news coverage, the New York Times was quoted more often in shorter news than longer news. About one third of NBC foreign news that quoted The New York Times was short, less than one minute. Longer news, more than five minutes, was least often used by NBC when it quoted the lead newspaper in its foreign news coverage. Therefore, this hypothesis was not supported. It seems NBC did not turn to The New York Times when it delved into some foreign news topic in-depth. Table 3: Quoting types of NBC foreign news from the New York Times, 1974-2004 Quoting type US news Foreign news other Total Foreign news Foreign news with U.S involved Sub-total Scoop 94 16 87 103 (54.5 %) 1 198 Expert source 44 9 17 26 (13.8 %) 1 71 Investigative source 37 10 31 41 (21.7 %) 1 79 News outlet 16 6 7 13 (6.9 %) 0 29 Comments on NYT 14 0 6 6 (3.2 %) 0 20 Total 205 41 148 189 (100 %) 3 397 RQ1: Which quoting type was most often used by NBC in its foreign news coverage? As shown in Table 3, scoops of the New York Times' were most often cited by NBC Nightly News, taking 54.5 %. This result reflects that NBC paid attentions to "big" news covered by the New York Times. NBC filled its foreign news coverage with the direct quotation of the New York Times. This finding strongly supports the intermedia agenda setting influence of newspapers on television news. RQ2: How was the quoting of The New York Times used in foreign news and domestic news in term of frequencies? Table 3 also shows NBC's quotations of The New York Times were significantly different among U.S. domestic news, foreign news, and foreign news with the U.S. involvement (df = 8, chi-square = 18.1, p < 0.025). Therefore, we can conclude that domestic news more often sourced the New York Times than foreign news. News of "U.S. and foreign countries" sourced the New York Times more often than foreign news. This may be due to news availability in the New York Times to be quoted by NBC. Although the New York Times is well known for its national and world news, foreign news is not the majority of its whole news coverage. Accordingly, NBC may not have enough sources to quote for its foreign news coverage. Less foreign news coverage in the agenda of the New York Times may lead to the less foreign news coverage in NBC Nightly News coverage. Table 4: Topics of NBC foreign news from the New York Times, 1974-2004 Topic US news All foreign news other Total Foreign news Foreign news with U.S. involved sub-total diplomatic/foreign relations 0 4 64 68 (36%) 0 68 military / defense 5 19 47 66 (35%) 1 72 crime, judicial, legal etc 44 4 13 17 (9%) 0 61 economic matters 9 3 6 9 (4.8%) 0 18 personalities 22 2 4 6 (3.2%) 0 28 accident and disasters 1 2 3 5 (2.6%) 0 6 domestic politics 72 4 1 5 (2.6 %) 0 77 all the other 52 3 10 13 (6.9 %) 2 67 Total 205 41 148 189(100%) 3 397 RQ3: What news topics did NBC select most often from The New York Times for its foreign news coverage? As shown in Table 4, "diplomatic / foreign relations" was the most often cited topic (36 %) by NBC Nightly News from the New York Times, followed by "military / defense" 35 %, "crime, police, judicial, legal and penal," 9 %, and other topics. Such most often quoted topics have one common thing: they are all serious and hard news. As the most influential national daily newspaper in the U.S., the New York Times is printing "all the news that's fit to print." The New York Times is widely read by government officials and other elites, and frequently quoted abroad. That is, the New York Times is known for its serious and hard news reporting. That is probably the primary reason that NBC most often quoted such serious topics. As a commercial network, NBC needs to strengthen its credibility and objectivity by most often selecting news topics involving politics from the New York Times. Political agenda and media agenda are mutually influenced. This finding is consistent with Coupland's viewpoint that mainstream news broadcasting pursues an authentication project to bolster its claims to serious, weighty, and factual news reporting (Coupland, 2001). Conclusions This study aims at understanding one of the influences on media agenda and shows the longitudinal intermedia influence of the New York Times on television network news. It stated several ways that NBC Nightly News quoted the lead newspaper for its foreign news coverage. The newspaper can be cited as scoops, as an investigative source, as an expert source, as a media outlet, as a news maker, or comments on those lead media. Among the several ways the lead newspaper was cited by television, scoops of the newspaper were most often quoted by television news. However, the total foreign news selections from the lead newspaper by television news declined over time. During the past 30 years, television news cited the New York Times more often on U.S. news than foreign news. Most often quoted news topics from the lead newspaper dealt with foreign relations, crime or military. Today media are converged with each other but at the expenses of less diversity. A media company can own both newspapers and television stations. The same content may be used for different media, which belong to one owner. This media cross-ownership may blur the intermedia content influence because agendas of different media may be set up by the same or similar gatekeepers. More news channels or more news workers "do little to further diversity if they all cover the same 'big' news" (Reese & Danielian, 1989, p.31). "Too much sameness in media content conflicts with a key value of American pluralistic society, that the press should present a diverse set of views and voices" (Reese & Danielian, 1989, p. 30-31). Limitations Although this study focuses on the intermedia agenda setting influence among news media, it acknowledges the influence of cultural, socio-economic, or other factors on foreign news coverage by mass media. Media have the ability to screen news and other materials. These filters will result in a medium that reflects elite viewpoints and interests. News media may protect cultural identities in their content presentation. Socio-economic status can also be seen as an indicator for political problems covered by mass media. Therefore, media coverage is influenced by several factors. However, such factors were not considered in this study. Findings of this study are limited by the abstract or index analysis of NBC Nightly News, which was provided by the Vanderbilt database. Abstract analysis omitted the context in which the New York Times was quoted. New ways that NBC's news quoting the New York Times may be found if the quotations are analyzed in news contexts. 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Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. 74 ( 2), 348-356. Bureau of Census (2002). Media usage and consumer spending: 1996 to 2005. Statistical Abstract of the U.S., 698. Chandler, D. (1998). Notes on the construction of reality in TV news programmes. Retrieved March 19, 2004 from http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/TF33120/news.html Chang, T. K. & Lee, J. W. (1992). Factors affecting gatekeepers' selection of foreign news: A national survey of newspaper editors. Journalism Quarterly, 69 (3), 554-561. Chang, T. -K. (1998). All countries are not created equal to be news: world system and international communication. Communication Research, 25(5), 528-563. Cohen, Y. (1995). Foreign press corps as an indicator of international news interest. Gazette,56 (2), 89-100. Coupland, N. (2001). Stylization, authenticity and TV news review. Discourse Studies, 3(4), 413-442. Danielian, L. H., & Reese, S. D. (1989). A closer look at intermedia influences on agenda setting: the cocaine issue of 1986. In P. J. Shoemaker (Ed.). Communication campaigns about drugs: government, media, and the public (pp. 47-66). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Haynes, R. D. (1984). Test of Galtung's theory of structural imperialism. In R. L. Stevenson, & Shaw, D. L. (Eds.). Foreign news and the new world information order (pp. 200-216). Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. Ismail, B. H. (1989). Asian news in four U.S. newspapers. Media Asia, 16(4), 223-232. Kim, K. & Barnett, G. A. (1996). The determinants of international news flow: a network analysis. Communication Research, 23(3), 323-352. Ku, G., Kaid, L.L.. & Pfau, M. (2003). The impact of Web sins campaigning on traditional news media and public information processing. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(3), 528-548. Kunczik, M. (2002). Globalisation: News media, images of nations and the flow of international capital with special reference to the role of rating agencies. Journal of International Communication, 8(1), 39-79. Lent, J. A., & Rao, S. (1979). A content analysis of national media coverage of Asian news and information. Gazette, 25(1), 17-22. Lopez-Escobar, E.(1998). Two levels of agenda setting among advertising and news in the 1995 Spanish elections. Political Communication, 15(2), 225-238, McCombs, M., & Shaw, D.L. (1973). The agenda-setting function of the mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37, 62-75. Merrill, John C. (1999). The global elites. IPI report on-line. Fourth Quarter 1999, 5(4). Reese, S., & Danielian, L. (1989). Intermedia influence and the drug issue: Converging on cocaine. In P. Shoemaker (Ed.). Communication campaigns about drugs. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Riffe, D & Budianto, A. (2001). The shrinking world of network news. International Communication Bulletin, 36 (1), 2. Roberts, M., & McCombs, M. (1994). Agenda setting and political advertising: origins of the news agenda. Political Communication, 11 (3), 249-262. Salwen, M. B. & Matera, F. R. (1992). Public salience of foreign nations. Journalism Quarterly, 69 ( 3), 623-632. Shaver, M.A., & Lacy, S. (1999). The impact of intermedia and newspaper competition on advertising linage in daily newspapers. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. 76 (4), 729-744. Soroka, S. N. ( 2000). Schindler's List's intermedia influence: Exploring the role of "entertainment" in media agenda-setting. Canadian Journal of Communication. 25(2), 211-230. Sreberny-Mohammadi, A. (1984). The "world of world news" study. Journal of Communication 34 (1): 121-134 Tai, Z., & Chang, T. -K. (2002). The global news and the pictures in their heads: A comparative analysis of audience interest, editor perceptions and newspaper coverage. Gazette, 64 (3), 251-265. Time almanac. (2004). Boston: Information Please LLC Van Belle, D. A. (2000). New York Times and network TV news coverage of foreign disasters: the significance of the insignificant variables. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 77 (1), 50-70. Wang, K.S. (2002). News ratings/march 2002. Electronic Media, 21(14), 20. Wanta, W, Lee, C., & Golan, G. (2003). Agenda setting and international news: Media influence on public perceptions of foreign nations. AEJMC 2003. Wanta, W., & Hu, Y. -W. (1993). The agenda-setting effects of international news coverage: an examination of differing news frames. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 5(3), 250-264. Wu, H. Denis. (2003). Homogeneity around the world? Comparing the systemic determinants of international news flow between developed and developing countries. Gazette, 65(1), 9-24.
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text:
IT Pro's Survival Guide To Windows 7
April 25, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Source: TechRepublic Pro
With each new Windows release, IT professionals face many difficult questions and challenges.
Should my organization upgrade? What are the key features for IT and end users? And, how do I configure, secure, and tweak Microsoft's latest operating system?
TechRepublic's IT Pro's Survival Guide to Windows 7 is designed to help you answer those questions and overcome those challenges. Built with content from our blogs and downloads, it covers such areas as:- Migration
- Windows
- Features
- Configuration
- Performance Tweaks
- Troubleshooting Tips
- Customizing the User Interface
Don't tackle either your company's or you own move to Windows 7 alone. Let our TechRepublic's IT Pro's Survival Guide to Windows 7 help you deploy, support, and customize Windows 7.
File Size: 33.8 MB
Pages: 211
Format: | Size: | 35.00 | |
Date: | Apr 2011 | Price: | 49.00 |
Downloads: | 27 |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Product Description (Men's 5.11 Tactical Taclite Pro Shorts)5.11 Tactical has done it again. Our new Taclite Pro Shorts are ready for wear and we know this one will be a hit. Fashioned after our traditional 5.11 Taclite Pro Pant, the Taclite Pro Short features a lightweight poly-cotton ripstop fabric and a fully gusseted crotch that allows for full range of movement. These pants have pockets located for easy access to all of your gear. An external knife pocket on the right front side gives you easy access to a 5.11 Tarani Knife. Two cargo pockets are located on both thighs and a magazine/cell phone pocket is located over the left cargo pocket for quick access with your off-hand. The magazine and new knife pocket are reinforced with 100% Cordura nylon. We have kept our traditional slash pockets in the rear along with the web strap found on our 5.11 Tactical Pants. Cops have been waiting patiently for a lightweight version of our Classic Pant and the TacLite Pro Short fits the bill. Made of lightweight 65% polyester and 35% non-fading polycotton ripstop, you have a Taclite Pro shorts that are extremely functional and maintains a neat, clean and professional look. We've also treated the Taclite Pants with HT PTFE Resin Wear Resistant Finish for stain and soil resistance to maintain that good look no matter what the daily activity. The belt loops are thick enough to support a large belt to carry the weight of a sidearm, cuffs or other equipment. We use only YKK® zippers, Prym® snaps and Horn buttons so that you can rest assured that these Taclite Pro Shorts will last. We've also included our traditional clip loop on the front of the Taclite Pro Shorts for our great traditional 5.11 Tactical look.Fit: True To Size Imported Features of this item include: Law Enforcement Customer ReviewsOverall Customer Rating:
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text:
Sign in with the account you use for SkyDrive, Xbox LIVE, Outlook.com, or other Microsoft services.
Sign in with the account provided by your work or school to use with Office 365 or other Microsoft services.
Learn More
This template contains training content about how to create a Personal Folders file that you can use to move your e-mail messages from the server to your own computer. This content is geared for a corporate trainer to present to a group. Students who need a basic introduction to Outlook mail storage can refer to the online training presentation titled "Manage your mailbox II: Understand your choices for storing."


text:
Pure is the university's research publications database wherer you can find:
* Articles
* Theses
* Other research publications
Youn can download publications in full text. If there is no full-text version aviable, you can allways read the articles by clicking at the links in the database.
In Pure, you can also find:
* Student theses
* Research projects


text:
Take note that Microsoft does not yet (as of 2012-08-15) provide any 64-bit release for their 2.0 or 3.0 drivers. They are 32-bit only.
This will cause problems while loading the the sqlsrv extension with a 64-bit apache installation, like WAMP, as it will simply give the error:
PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library 'c:/wamp/bin/php/php5.4.3/ext/php_sqlsrv_54_ts.dll' - %1 is not a valid Win32 application.\r\n in Unknown on line 0
The SQLSRV extension is enabled by adding appropriate DLL file to your PHP extension directory and the corresponding entry to the php.ini file. The SQLSRV download comes 8 driver files, four of which are for PDO support. If you are running non-thread-safe PHP (PHP 5.3), use the php_sqlsrv_53_nts.dll file. (You should use a non-thread-safe version if you are using IIS as your web server). If you are running thread-safe PHP, use the php_sqlsrv_53_ts.dll file. Similarly for PHP 5.4, use the php_sqlsrv_54_nts.dll or php_sqlsrv_54_ts.dll depending on whether your PHP installation is non-thread-safe or thread-safe.
The most recent version of the driver is available for download here: » SQLSRV 3.0 download. If you need support for PHP 5.2 and/or PHP compiled with VC6, use the 2.0 release of the driver: » SQLSRV 2.0 download.
For more information about SQLSRV requirements, see » SQLSRV System Requirements.
The SQLSRV extension is only compatible with PHP running on Windows.


text:
Questions? Call 800-624-6242
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PAPERBACK price:$42.00 add to cart
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Committee for the Reusable Booster System: Review and Assessment, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Science, National Research Council. "3 Reusable Booster System Technology Assessment." Reusable Booster System: Review and Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012.
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text:
Um Dia – 20 De Julho De 1979 (Montreux Jazz Festival – plus bonus tracks)
CD (Item 604695) Warner (Brazil), 1979 — Condition: New Copy
One of the last great recordings from Elis Regina – expanded here with a range of never-heard bonus tracks! The 2CD set offers up all the amazing sides recorded by Regina at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1979 – originally issued as a single album in the 80s, but even more incredible here in its expanded scope! The set marks the last time that Regina really hit a groove – that sublime blend of jazz, samba, and Brazilian modes that marked some of her best late 60s recordings – spun out here with incredible live energy in two different performances. As you'd guess from the title, all music is from one day – but from two different concerts – one in the afternoon, one at night – with variations in track listings, jazz instrumentation, and especially Regina's approach to the lyrics. The set also features a few tracks with Hermeto Pascoal on piano – and titles include "Triste", "Cobra Criada", "Agora Ta", "Onze Fitas", "Corrida De Jangada", "Mancada", "Amor Ate O Fim", "Samba Dobrado", "Na Baixa Do Sapateiro", "Maria Maria", "Upa Neguinho", "Corcovado", "Asa Branca", and "Garota Da Impanema". © 1996-2013, Dusty Groove, Inc. |
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Samba Eu Canto Assim: One of the first albums ever by this legendary bossa singer! Even at this young age, Elis Regina diplays a talent for interpretation and an emotional power that few other Brazilian vocalists could match ... read more Brazil (CD) 19.99 |
Voice Of Brazil (Como E Porque/Elis Regina In London): 2 amazing albums from Elis Regina – back to back on a single CD! First up is Elis Como Et Porque – one of our favorite albums ever from the incredible Elis Regina – a record that really ... read more Brazil (CD) 13.99 | ||||
Moon 1111: A really rich new chapter in the music of Otto – an artist we've loved right from the start, but one who's blowing us away all over again with this sweet set! There's a fullness here we've never ... read more Brazil (CD) 21.99 |
Dois Tons De Maysa – Maysa (1964)/Ando Sao Numa Multidao De Amores: A smashing 2CD set – one that features two very compelling albums from the lovely Maysa! First up is a self-titled album from 1964 – one of Maysa's first efforts ever, and done in the sweet ... read more Brazil (CD) 29.99 | ||||
Cantoria 2: A famous performance from the 80s – but one that's done in a really rootsy mode – just vocals and guitar from the four artists in the title – presented as an exploration of folksy styles ... read more Brazil (CD) 21.99 |
Anos 2000: A great collection of hard-to-find work from Milton Nascimento – compilation tracks, guest appearances, and special projects all recorded over the past decade or so – most of which are almost ... read more Brazil (CD) 15.99 | ||||
Curriculum: Rare early work from Joyce – a much-needed collection that brings together all the hard-to-find early bits recorded by this fantastic Brazilian singer – songs from compilations, live albums, ... read more Brazil (CD) 15.99 |
Elo (with bonus track): Easily the best record so far from Maria Rita – a set that really pushes her talents a lot, and reaches for a wider range of expression! The vocals are still very much at the forefront – that ... read more Brazil (CD) 12.99 | ||||
Bossa Rosa De Sonia: A rare 60s album by the lovely Sonia Rosa – lots of sweet bossa tunes, handled with a very light touch! The set's got Rosa singing and playing acoustic guitar in front of larger backings by Chiquinho ... read more Brazil (CD) 3.99 |
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Ensaio – Bamba Do Samba: A sweet live performance from Joao Nogueira – originally done for the Ensaio TV program in Brazil – with all the up-close qualities that always make that show so great! The set's actually ... read more Brazil (CD) 13.99 |
Ensaio: Smoking sounds from this legendary Brazilian flautist – a really stripped-down session that's easily one of the greatest documents of his talents we've ever heard! The performance was done for the ... read more Brazil (CD) 22.99 |


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Jennifer Lawrence has wacky weekend, goes glam in Cannes
Oscar winner looks great while dealing with stalker and Cannes party mishap.
The Buzz From Readers Like You
CHON wrote about Cafe Hot Wing
WEAK! Our order: 15 teriyaki and 15 mild. Our cost: $21.18. What we received: 30 dry wings (aside from the teriyaki which had oil...
PriscillaDiNatale wrote about Sakura Japanese Sushi Bar
After 21 years in a restaurant that we have always gone to. Shocking is all I can say. We orderd for 4 of us. We only got soup, sala...
outforfun wrote about Oasis Bowling
Stopped by to watch some bowling last night. A pin got stuck in the underground again and every one's bowling balls got stuck. Too...
doughfetish commented on First Look: Tin Lizzy's Grant Park
The location is Buckhead treated their potential customers like crap. No Professionalism what so ever, No Management, they didn't wi...
Megan_St_James wrote about Soho
Roll back the clock to 1997. It was the year that DVD players became commercially available for a mere $1000, Celine Dion won album...
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On the Verge: Emeli Sande blasts toward breakthrough
The Scottish singer sets her sights on mainstream fame in the USA.
Warner Bros. goes gangster with 2 new movie collections
Studio celebrates its 90th anniversary with seminal crime movies.
POPCANDY: Unwrapping pop cuture's hip and hidden treasures
From civil war battlefields, cemeteries and churches, to the Big Chicken, amusement parks and museums, there are a multitude of attractions available for young and old in historic Marietta. The charming town square, featuring Glover Park…donated to the city in 1852, is now home to antique shops, B&B's, fine and casual dining restaurants, theaters, concerts, picnics and more. Recently receiving "The All American City Award," Marietta defines family friendly.
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text:
Victor Reader Soft is a software version of the Victor Reader digital talking book player (see separate entries), designed for use by persons who are blind or have low vision. Installed on a personal computer, Victor Reader Soft reads digital talking books from the computer's CD drive. It provides basic and advanced navigation features, including browsing the table of contents, skipping from section to section or returning quickly to a page, and inserting bookmarks to return to a spot or to mark important passages. A text display mode allows the user to read text on screen synchronized with audio. Notes can be taken on the computer while the audio is playing. Victor Reader Soft has a friendly interface that is fully accessible to all print disabled persons. COMPATIBILITY: For IBM and compatible computers. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: Microsoft Windows 9X, NT, 2000, Millennium, or XP.
Price: Contact manufacturer.
This product record was updated on August 18, 2005.
This product is available from:
Humanware Group (formerly Pulse Data Humanware and Visuaide)
175 Mason CircleConcord, California 94520
United States
Telephone: 800-722-3393 or 925-680-7100.
Fax: 925-681-4630.
Web: http://www.humanware.com.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Link to more products from Humanware Group (formerly Pulse Data Humanware and Visuaide)
Learning Ally (formerly Recording for the Blind and Dyslexic)
Learning Ally a nonprofit volunteer organization, is the nation's educational library serving people who cannot effectively read standard print because of visual impairment, dyslexia, or other physical disability.National Headquarters
20 Roszel Road
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
United States
Telephone: 800-221-4792 or 866-732-3585.
Fax: 609-987-8116.
Web: http://www.learningally.org.
Email: email@example.com.
Link to more products from Learning Ally (formerly Recording for the Blind and Dyslexic)
A.T. Kratter & Company, Inc.
12062 Valley View StreetSuite 109
Garden Grove, California 92845-1739
United States
Telephone: 714-799-3000.
Fax: 714-799-3100.
Web: http://www.atkratter.com.
Email: email@example.com.
Link to more products from A.T. Kratter & Company, Inc.
Beyond Sight, Inc. (Formerly Second Sight)
5650 South Windermere StreetLittleton, Colorado 80120
United States
Telephone: 303-796-6455.
Fax: 303-795-6425.
Web: http://www.beyondsight.com.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Link to more products from Beyond Sight, Inc. (Formerly Second Sight)
EnableMart (a division of School Health Corporation)
5353 South 960 East, Ste. 200Salt Lake City, Utah 84117
United States
Telephone: 888-640-1999 or 801-281-7682.
Fax: 866-487-0410.
Web: http://www.enablemart.com.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Link to more products from EnableMart (a division of School Health Corporation)


text:
I play college golf at a small school in Michigan called Rochester College. We are NAIA. I was wondering if anyone else in the community currently or in the past played college golf.
I was on the roster for a local college's golf team for a couple of years.
I played NJCAA and NAIA way back in the day.
Unfortunately the only golf I played in college is when my hockey team missed the playoffs. I have a couple of buddies that played D1 and D3 and just tear it up on the course.
Left handed. Hockey player. Did some semi-professional (getting my butt kicked).
As such, I never played golf till I was in my 30's.
D2 Colllege Golf. Club Hockey. Many great memories and boy did I have fun.....probably a little too much.
Strangely, I played golf from the age of 8 until I went to college, where I started Scuba diving. It was only when some friends I had taught to dive found Golf that they encouraged me back to it. I'm pleased they did: I love it.
I have a friend who will most likely be playing DI next year, but I am not good enough myself to play DI. I am interested in going to a pretty big college, so I would not be playing for a smaller college like many of you have/are.
I currently am a sophomore at the University of Illinois at Springfield and I play for our DII team
JWherleyI currently am a sophomore at the University of Illinois at Springfield and I play for our DII team
Welcome JWherley! The Foot Joy community is diverse and thankfully, quite opinionated leading to excellent topics and discussion about all things golf related, Foot Joy centric, and other topics in our lives. Keep posting and let us know how your team fares in the spring season, assuming that is when you play competitively. And let us know whether the U of Illinois is a user of Foot Joy products!
I ran Division 1 Track and Field. They wouldn't let me carry the towels on the golf team if I tried. I ran at Arizona State. My friend from the dorm tried out for the team and shot a 67 at Karsten from the tips, he didn't make the team.
Back in my Marine Corps days our team played several colleges, Played against UCLA (Corey Pavin), San Diego State played against a couple tour winners (Greg Twiggs, Ernie Gonzales) and a few small schools. They would use us as practice since it didn't count as a match for NCAA rules, plus we were not that far away. We didn't win that many but we could hold our own. Not really college golf, but as close as I got.
Many moons ago had an opportunity but chose to pass both golf and tennis at the college (probably what is now DII) level. Played golf in HS, but not exceptionally well. Blossomed in the game at a much later age.
i've played golf all my life and played a lot of jr tourneys when i was young. but the golf coach and i didn't see eye to eye. long story short, my family owned a golf business and he and a friend also ran a golf business on the side. they made their money by being the provider of all the "stuff" to the golf team. and he wasn't happy when my Dad offered things at a really great price. so no HS golf for me. i did however have a small college recruit me for golf, but i wasn't even remotely interested in going there.
II played some college golf, and am happy to report, not very well. I was focused on other things and golf was just a form of generating some extra income at that time. I didn't appreciate golf until I was out of college and started competing in my state.


text: This guesthouse is really well located, in fact just the right distance from Khoa San road. The food is very good too and the place is tightly run. Good Internet, free wifi and the well stocked cold fridge is addictive! You will meet a load of travellers too which is a plus. However beware of the cheapest rooms besides being... More


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Ohio Jewish Chronicle, 1965-02-05, page 01 |
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RONICLE Serving Columbus, Dayton, Central and Southwestern 01 iilll' 0 ol snawnT.,j XV is HDlH N nW TVDiaOJLPlH VoL 43, No. 6 FRIDAY. FEBRUARY 5, 1965 — 3 ADAR, 5725 levoted to, Amariean land Jawlih Ideals Aid To Nasser Severed By House Vote; Rusk Objects Wastiington (JTA) — Ttie House of Representatives adop¬ ted an amendment which would sever further shipments of sur¬ plus foods to Egypt, despite appeals by the Administration for continuation of assistance to the Nasser regime. Secretary of State Dean Rusk went into action Immediately by summoning members of the Senate to a meeting in the For¬ eign Relations Committee room where he made a plea for the defeat of the measure and the continuation of aid to the Nasser regime. Republicans and many tJemo- crats. joined in support of the mea¬ sure which was an amendment to an agricultural appropriation bill increasing funds for the Commodity Credit Corporation Fund. This cor¬ poration provides the surplus com¬ modities to Egypt under Public Law 480. The amendment, offered by Rep. Robert H. Michel, Illinois Republi¬ can, was first defeated on a vote by division, but was adopted when a rollcall was demanded. The final vote was 204 to 177. Frantic appeals by the White JEWISH GENTER ORCHESTRA'S ANNUAL CONCERT HOSTED RY GOLDEN AGERS Music committee chairman Mrs. Harold Edelstein announces that the Golden Age Club of the .lewish Center will play host to the Center's orchestra and its conductor, Richard Suddendorf, at the annual Winter Concert on Sunday evening, Feb. 7. The Center's senior citizen gi'oup will entertain with a buffet refresh¬ ment table following the prograin, which is scheduled txj begin promptly at 8:,30 p.m. A feature of the evening's pro¬ gram will be the presentation of Suite Hcbraique. The Ernest Bloch selection will be presented by guest artists. Dr. Lawrence Burkhalter. viola, and Gertrude Kuchefuhs, piano, both members of the School of Music of the Ohio State Univer. sity. The 45-piece Jewish Center Or¬ chestra has shown a steady growth in membership, participation, and quality in the four years it has been under the guidance of Suddendorf, who is also a teacher of trumpet at Ohio State University and con¬ ductor of the University's brass choir. He is also a member of the Columbus Symphony Orchestra. Suddendorf earned his bachelor of science degree from the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music and the Uni¬ versity of Cincinnati in 1925. He received his master of science de¬ gree In music education from the University of Illinois in 1955. He served as an instructor of trumpet and music theory, and conducted the brass choir at Baldwin-Wallace College before coming lo Ohio State University. Membership in the Jewish Center Orchestra, which meets regularly tor rehearsals on Thursday eve¬ nings, is open to the community. Performing in the Sunday night concert will be: Ruth Quinn. Marie Stahl. Richard G. Fisher. Dorothy Miller. Helen Wilson. Leonard Frank, first violin; John H. Martin, Helen M. Marconnet, Katherine B. Lessy, Joseph S. Piatt, Beverly Murphy, second violin; Aylcen Hilt. Mark Gorchoff. Emil Zinsmcister, viola; Wilma Masters. Edith Pel¬ teson, Don Fisher, Steven D. Stell- (contmuad on paq« 4) S.iown above making preparation for the "Operation Telephone" training session are from left to right: Mi's. Harry Schwartz, Mrs; Albert iJIank, Mrs. Ai-thur Wester¬ man, M-rs. WiUiam Perioff, Jr.- and Mrs. Lx)ui8 Rul>en. TRAINING FOR DJFG TELETHON AT CENTER ON FEBRUARY 18 "T" Day to be held at 9:30 am on Thursday, Feb. 18 at the Jewish Center will be the tralying session utiUzed to instruct the women in¬ volved in the UJFC Women's Divi¬ sion's "Operation Telephone." Mrs. Arthur Westerman, chair¬ man of the training session, an¬ nounced that the workers are head¬ ed by Mesdames Jerome G ro.ss. Lew Cohen. Meyer Hoffman, Irving Lackritz, Bernard Feitlinger. Sol Shaman. Louis Zuckerman. Ber¬ nard Byrnes. Martin Polster. Cy Tannenbaum. and WiUiam Perioff, Jr. Hospitality chairman for the training session will be Mrs. Nor¬ bert Kruger. Advisors to the "Operation Tele¬ phone" effort are Mrs. Joseph Schecter and Mrs. Harry Schwartz, who vyill serve as panel speakers at the training session. Overall chairmen of "Operation Telephone" are Mrs. Albert Blank and Mrs. Charles Talis with Mrs. William Perioff, Jr. and Mrs. Louis llubcn serving as co-chairmen. These wonien are coordinating (continued on paga 4] Chronicling The News Editorial 2 Society 5, (J, 7 Teen Scene 5 Sports 9, 10 Real Estate . . . : 10 Synagogues 8 Shopping Guide 8 House and State Department failed to stem the anti-Nasser revolt by House members. Speaker of the House John McCormack. Massachu¬ setts Democrat, appealed in vain for defeat of the amendment. He said the amendment would hamper the President in conducting foreign relations and tie his hands in deal¬ ing with Egypt. The bill now goes tn the Senate, where a number of Senators of t)oth parties are already on record against further aid to the Nasser regime. If the amendment is re¬ tained by the Senate. President Johnson would be forced to veto his entire agricultural appropria¬ tions bill to kill it. The State Department was de¬ scribed by informed sources as "furious" over the House vote and is said to have voiced apprehension lest the House alone "drive Nasser into a real frenzy of anti-American actions." In a meeting of Senators held in executive session, Secretary of State Rusk, aided by Chairman J.W. Fulbright of the Senate For¬ eign Relations Committee, made a plea for the defeat by Senate of the amendment passed by the House. Meeting with the hurridly assem¬ bled Senators. Mr. Rusk said the amendment would "usurp" the role of President Johnson in making for¬ eign policy. Mr. Rusk sought to portray Nasser in a more favorable light, and asked the Senators to consider the future of Egyptian- American relations. Chairman Fulbright. presided at the meeting and strongly supported Mr. Rusk's position. He said he (continuad on paga 4} . Sulie Harand "FUNNY GIRL" FOR A. A. BIRTHDAY Sulie Harand. musical dramatist, will portray "Funny Girl," the life of Fanny Brice. at the 59th birth¬ day of the Agudas Achim Sister¬ hood on Sunday evening. Feb. 28 in the Agudas Achim social hall. Co-chairmen of Sisterhood's don¬ or are Mrs. Jack Silberstein. Mrs Leon Schottenstein and Mrs. Alvin Worly. A buffet dinner will be served at 7:30 p.m. Co-chairmen of the din¬ ner are Mrs. Jack Kooperstein, Mrs. Robert Freedman and Mrs. Albert Beim. The charge for the buffet dinner and the program "Funny Girl." one of this season's Broadway hits, is $2.50 per person, plus a donor contribution. Proceeds from the 59th donor event will be used for support of the Religious School and youth activities. Members of the Agudas Achim Synagogue. Sisterhood and their friends are cordially invited to at^ tend. Donor pledges may be sent to Mrs. I. M. Harris, ticket, chair¬ man. 330 S. Roosevelt Ave. or Mrs. Willian; Nullman, 1620 E. Broad St., treasurer. J-acob Mirviss Speaks To Jewish Communal Workers Jacob Mirviss, Director of the B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation at Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, will be the final speaker in the 1964-65 Jewish Communal Workers Insti¬ tute. 'Mr. Mirviss will speak on "Amer¬ ica and Israel — The Two-Way Bridge," on Monday morning. Feb. 8. at 9 a.m. at the Jewish Center. Rabbi Harry Kaplan, Midwest re¬ gional director of Hillel, will preside at the meeting. Mr. Mirviss has been director of the B'nai B'rith Hillel Founda¬ tion at Ohio University since 1954. Prior to tliat. he served as execu¬ tive director of the 'YM and WMA. New Haven. Conn.; the Jewish Community Center of Milwaukee, Wis.; and the Emanuel Cohen Cen¬ ter of Minneapolis, Minn. He served as education director of the Jew¬ ish Community Center of Omaha, Neb., and as a Boys' Worker in a Minneapolis Settlement House. Mr. Mirviss is a graduate of the University of Minnesota and re¬ ceived the degree of Master of Ed¬ ucation at Ohio University. He was a fellowship student of the graduate school for Jewish Social Service in New York. Mr. Mirviss is a part-time facul¬ ty member in the Physical Educa¬ tion Department of Ohio University and he has written in the field of physical education and Jewish Cen¬ ter activities, and for many years was director of Camp Gan Aden. Consul Of AJC Is On Lecture Series Feb. 8 Dr. Leo Pfeffer, General Consul, American Jewish Congress, will be the principal speakei- in the third session of the Jewish Center Lecture Series, which will be held on Monday, Feb. 8, at 8.30 p.m. In the Jewish Center adult lounge. Mr. Pfeffer will discuss "Needed: New Commitment to Old Values — Aid to Ed¬ ucation; Social Justice; Self Identity." Mr. Pfeffer will give us a new look at the diverse forces in Xmerica which arc shaping prin¬ cipals for contemporary Jewish liv¬ ing. He will focus on .such questions as "Are we too ambivalent about applying traditional values to mod¬ ern living?" In announcing this session Walter Robinson, chairman of the 1964-65 Jewish Center Lecture Series said. "We are indeed fortunate in having .Mr. Pfeffer return to Columbus this year. His long experience in the national field of church — state relationships make him uniquely prepared to discuss traditional Jew¬ ish values as they are applied today in our American Democratic frame¬ work." Mr. Pfeffer is professor of Polit¬ ical Science at Long Island Univer¬ sity and has lectured on constitu¬ tional law and civil rights in many of the country's leading colleges and universities. He has written "The Liberties of an American." a chronicle of the Supreme Court de¬ cisions in civil rights and civil lib¬ erties, published in 1956 and revised and republished as a paperback in 1963. He has also written "This Hon¬ orable Court," a history of the Uni¬ ted States Supreme Court, sched¬ uled for publication in 1965. There has not been a single ma¬ jor church-state or religious liberty case before the Supreme in the past Dr. Leo Pfeffer 15 years that Dr. Pfeffer did not participate in cither as counsel for a party or as "friend of the court." He is also president of the New York University Law Review As¬ sociation, and a member of the Na¬ tional Association of Intergroup Re¬ lations Officials, the American As¬ sociation of University Professors and Uie Authors League ot Amer¬ ica. The World's Week Compiled from JTA and WUP Reports XBIj Aviv (JTA) — Orders for shipment of matzoh from Israel to individual addresses in the Soviet Union were l)etng accepted here by Soviet shipping agents, beginning this week. The Peltoure Travel Agency, an agent of Moscow's Po- syltorg, the Soviet agency for accepting packages abroad for delivery In the USSR, announced it will accept orders for matzoh for this year's Passover. Payments must be made in Israeli pounds. According to the agency, fir.st-ship¬ ments, next month will be by airmail. BONN (JTA) — The question of possible extension of the German statute of limitations for prosecution of major war criminals beyond the present cut-off date of May 8, 1065, will be debated March 10 in the Bundesl;ig, lower house of Parliament, It was announced here this week. NEW YORK (JTA) — A French Nazi group, calling it¬ self the "Proletarla National Socialist Party," claims that it now has 15 "cells" in France, is in touch with Briti.sh and American Nazis, and is preparing to take over France and to attack leadng Jews in that country, Uie New York Journal American reported this week. A dispatch reported that the Nazi extremists have pre¬ pared a list of prominent Jews "for future action." The group's headquarters at Calais, France, was raided by French police last week, revealing an ai-senal of weapons and ammunitions as well as swastika flags, Nazi propaganda and pictures of Adolf Hitler. PARLOR MEETING SUNDAY OPENS UJFC YOUNG MEN'S DIVISION CAMPAIGN The 1965 UJFC Campaign for the Young Men's Division will have its official opening wth a Parlor Meeting, Sunday, Feb. 7, 1965, 8 p.m. at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Schiffman, it was announced today by Gerald Friedman, chairman of the di¬ vision. The guest speaker for the meeting will be Leonard Bell of Lewiston, Me. Mr. Bell is a member of the UJA Leadership Cabinet, a group of men between the ages of 25 and 40 who form the guiding body of a newly launched UJA program to involve younger persons in UJA's national drives. Mr. Bell, is also a seasoned cam¬ paigner, having been Campaign Chairman in 1962. and again this year for the Lewiston-Auburn Jew¬ ish Federation Drive, of which UJA is chief beneficiary. He is aiso on the Board of Directors of the Joint Distribution Committee, one of the UJA's major beneficiary agencies. Mr. Bell accompanied the third annual Young Leadership Study Mission to Europe and Israel in 1963. for a first-hand examination of the immigrant resettlement and ab¬ sorption programs, financed in Is¬ rael through the UJA. and the refu¬ gee relief and rehabilitation pro¬ grams made possible in France with UJA help. In Lewistown, Mr. Bell is on the board of directors of Beth Jacob Synagogue, and is a member of the local Bnai B'rith, the Masons and the Elks. Leonard Bell TJ. SISTERHOOD'S RIRTHDAY RALL WIU BE HELD TOMORROW There is only one day left until the Tifereth Israel Sisterhood cele¬ brates their 53rd birthday on Feb¬ ruary 6 with their annual Birthday Ball. To attend the Birthday Ball, a minimum pledge of $12.50 is re¬ quired from Sisterhood members and guests. Reservations can be made by calling Mrs. Norman Fagin. 231- 8670, Mrs. Fred Silverstein 237-5639 or Mrs. Melvin Kobre, 237-2289. SALESMAN'S SECTION OPENS 1965 DRIVE The Travelling Salesmen's sec¬ tion of the UJFC campaign will hold its first meeting of 1965, Sun¬ day morning, Feb. 7, 1965, 9:30 a.m., at the Jewish Center. This will be a breakfast meeUng spon¬ sored by Hy Stone, chairman of the section. The Travelling Salesmen's sec¬ tion has been an important group In the UJFC campaign for many years. They have been responsible for raising substantial funds which have gone to help support agencies locally, nationally and overseas. Working with Hy Stone on the campaign are the following peo¬ ple: Alan Lee, Lou Goodman, Philip Gluck, Ernest Lindech, Arnold Spol¬ ter, Gilbert Seiden. Howard Good¬ man. Sumner Bornstein, Samuel Abramson. :?^
Object Description
Title | Ohio Jewish Chronicle, 1965-02-05 |
Subject | Jews -- Ohio -- Periodicals |
Place | Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio) |
Creator | Ohio Jewish Chronicle |
Collection | Ohio Jewish Chronicle |
Submitting Institution | Columbus Jewish Historical Society |
Rights | This item may have copyright restrictions. Online access is provided for research purposes only. For rights and reproduction requests or more information, go to http://www.ohiohistory.org/images/information |
Type | Text |
File Name | index.cpd |
Image Height | Not Available |
Image Width | Not Available |
Format | newspapers |
Date created | 2008-12-01 |


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->,• • PSG ONs electric rate Increase - page 2 • BR to honor Joan Delaney and Jensen - pages 5 a 16 • Bays are relnwenated www.lreenortUalilwinleader.coin 69th Year, No. 14 Freeport, N.Y. 11520 The Community Newspaper Thursday April 8, 2004 Officials ask for equity THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK: Nassau County Executive Thomas Suozzi and Freeport Mayor Bill Glacken voice their support for Empire Zones. LONG ISLAND ASSOCIATION Vice-President of Legislative arid Economic Affairs Mitch Pally answers questions. . , , . photos by Joan Delaney Will Freeport receive aid? by Joan Delaney Standing shoulder to shoulder at Church Street and Sunrise Highway in Freeport on April 1, Mayor William Glacken and Nassau County Executive Thomas Suozzi spoke of renewed efforts to secure Empire Zones for Nassau County to assist in economic development. "There are 72 in the state, in 55 counties; there are three in Suffolk, ten in New York City and there are zero in Nassau County. It's a question of fairness," said Mr. Suozzi. Nassau County is seeking Empire Zones for six non-contiguous areas in the Town of Hempstead, including Elmont, Franklin Square, Inwood, Roosevelt, Uniondale, and West Hempstead as well as New Cassel, Bethpage, the City of Glen Cove, the Villages of Hempstead and Freeport. In Empire Zones companies which are increasing their employment are given incentives and are able to operate almost "tax free" for up to 10 years with other savings on a declining basis in years 11 through 15. Companies are eligible for sales tax exemption, real property and business tax credits. The zones, which must be approved by the state Legislature, are intended to encourage new private sector investment and assist in job creation and economic expansion in underserved, and in many cases, minority communities. Mitch Pally, the Vice-President of Legislative and Economic Affairs at the Long Island Association, noted that the creation of Empire Zones for Nassau County has been his group's top legislative priority for two years. During a questioning period, Mr. Suozzi was asked why local legislators should assist him after his recent critical comments about some of them in the news media. Mr. Suozzi shrugged and said, "I hope their personal feelings won't interfere." Mr. Pally quickly -walked to the microphone to add, "This is not about Tom Suozzi. This is an issue for Repubhcans, Democrats, Independents, and Conservatives. Nassau County is being hampered by an inability to grow." He added, "They have said 'no, no, no.'" It's time to say 'yes' to Nassau County." Freeport revitalization Mayor Glacken spoke of the need for traditional aging downtown areas to "constantly revitalize." He referred to a June 18 target date for groundbreaking for,the long-awaited development on Suiuise Highway which will renovate the old bank building and create 25,000 square feet of new retail space as well as 224 rental apartnients on the adjacent space.That deVeldpnient plus 'the neatby Main Street Mews slated to; include a restaurant and 1(5 units of housing and workspace for artists are all geared toward enticing more people to live, work, shop and engage in recreational activities in the village. He spoke of niche businesses and boutiques, as well as the possibiUty of a movie complex, for the envisioned renaissance of Freeport's downtown. As pictures were taken and questions answered,, Mr. Suozzi continued to speak of the importance of revitalization. He said that the magnificently improved Nautical Mile will be Mayor Glacken's legacy. Also present was Robert Klein, Vice -President of Engineering, Logistics and Technology at Northrop Grumman Corporation who stressed the value of incentives that help companies to expand. He noted that his coihpany's recent programs with the Empire State Development Corporation and Nassau County Industrial Development Agency have allowed them to make facihties improvements and grow substantially on Long Island. "Since the implementation of these recent programs, we are adding 1,000 jobs." In the economic development presentations that Mr. Suozzi has conducted around the county, he consistently speaks of the necessity of job growth, workforce housing, and the maximizing of existing space. He has noted, "We can't create more space so we have to do more with what we have." Commenting on the perception that Nassau County is viewed by outsiders as a wealthy area, he said, "I appreciate that characterization, but please give us our fair share of Empire Zones."
Object Description
Rating | |
Title | The-Leader_2004-04-08 |
Subject | Newspaper |
Description | This is a Newspaper distributed locally within the Village of Freeport and Baldwin. |
Creator | Linda Toscano |
Publisher | L & M Publications, Inc. |
Contributors | Scanned by Imaging & Microfilm Access, Inc. (Bohemia, NY 11716) |
Date | 2004 |
Type | Periodical |
Format | PDF; TIFF |
Source | Freeport Memorial Library |
Language | English |
Coverage | United States |
Rights | This digital image may be freely used for educational uses, as long as it is not altered in any way. No commercial reproduction or distribution of this image is permitted without written permission of the Freeport Memorial Library, 144 W. Merrick Road, Freeport, NY 11520 or email: firstname.lastname@example.com |
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- Brisbane Backpackers Hotel
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- Brisbane Backpackers Resort Queensland
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- WELCOME TO BRISBANE BACKPACKERS! Ours is the only purpose-built backpackers resort offering cheap, high-quality backpacker and hostel accommodation within walking distance of Southbank, the Brisbane Convention Centre, and the City Centre.Our rooms are air-conditioned, with their own ensuite, TV, fridge, phone, balcony, and the comfiest bunks in Brisbane. For your convenience we offer a mini-bus service to the Brisbane Transit Centre.Our friendly staff can assist you 24 hours a day and we welcome school and tour groups too. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with HostelWorld so you can book your Brisbane Backpackers Resort reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.