text:
Silver Star Holiday Parade to Honor Military
By: Marissa Stevens
Updated: November 13, 2012
Folks can honor our veterans and bring in the holiday season all in one event!
The Pinnacle Hills Promenade and Camp Alliance are joining forces to highlight veterans and those currently serving with the first ever Silver Star Holiday Parade in Rogers.
The festivities start at 6:30 p.m on Friday and the parade starts at 7:00 p.m. There will be floats, prizes, and Santa Claus will be stopping by, so to be sure to swing by and show support for our military families.
If there is a service member or their family you want to recognize this holiday season, you can nominate them for a Silver Star gift. Folks in the community can pick up a Silver Star Gift Tag or shop for a military family.


text:
Newtown's Moment of Silence
Residents and elected officials honor the 26 victims of the Sandy Hook School shooting.
Braving wind gusts upwards of 30 miles per hour and heavy rain, a small crowd of Newtown, CT residents joined elected officials on the steps of Edmond Town Hall to honor the 26 victims of the Dec. 14 Sandy Hook School shooting. Four memorials of flowers and stuffed animals, each on a stone bench in this historic stretch of Newtown, were covered with plastic to protect them from the elements. A few people periodically had to resecure the plastic due to the powerful wind gusts leading up to the 9:30 a.m. moment of silence, which marked what Connecticut Gov. Dannel P. Malloy has declared a statewide "Day of Mourning." No remarks were made at the ceremony. The only sound, heard over the whipping wind, was the ringing of Trinity Episcopal …
In this Article:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We are one of the largest housing providers in England with over 57,000 properties in more than 120 local authorities from Newcastle upon Tyne in the North East to Plymouth in the South West. We provide a range of housing and community focused services to the 161,000 residents living in our homes.
Our approach is to put our customers first. As a national organisation we' re able to deliver more consistent and improved services as well as generate cost savings that we can reinvest in new and existing homes and in improving the quality of life in our communities. Our operational and financial strength is combined with a tangible focus on local delivery, driven by the views of our residents. This commitment to being sensitive to local issues is supported by our network of local staff and local partnership work aimed at improving services and opening up opportunities for residents.
As well as renting, repairing and managing homes we are also one of the country's top developers of new homes. Last year we completed 1,049 new homes. We make our homes accessible to as many people in need as possible through specialist and innovative housing support schemes. First time buyers, social tenants, those in housing need on waiting lists and key workers are among those who benefit from this flexible approach.
Can't find what you're looking for? Call us now:
We have a rich history that dates back to 1900. Find out more about our founder, Philanthropist William Sutton.Read more
Our achievements are only possible thanks to the dedication and commitment of our 1,400 employees across the country.Read more
We provide a range of affordable housing options aimed at a wide variety of people with varying needs.Read more


text:
Royal Exchange Unveils Millennium SeasonDate: 8 November 1999A year after re-opening its doors, the Manchester Royal Exchange has announced its new season for the new millennium. The spring/summer 2000 schedule will feature two world premieres as well as Shakespeare, classic comedy and social drama. The season kicks off in January with a new production of A Woman of No Importance, Oscar Wilde's attack on moral hypocrisy and aristocratic double standards. Directed by Royal Exchange associate artistic director Marianne Elliott, this production contributes to the national centenary celebrations of the author's death. A Woman of No Importance runs from 12 January to 26 February 2000. The season continues with a double bill of world premieres: Snapshots , a tale of sisterhood by Fiona Padfield, and The Ghost Train Tattoo, Simon Robson's take on children dealing with divorce. Both plays will be directed by Royal Exchange artistic director Braham Murray with Sarah Frankcom and performed by the same company of actors. Each will open for a two week run before playing in repertoire. Snapshots opens on 1 March and The Ghost Train Tattoo on 22 March; their runs finish on 15 April. William Congreve's Restoration comedy The Way of the World, directed by Royal Exchange artistic director Matthew Lloyd, opens on 19 April and continues until 27 May. First performed in 1700, the play pits a pair of socialites against each other in a supreme battle of the sexes. The comedy is followed by George Bernard Shaw's social drama Mrs Warren's Profession, from 31 May to 1 July. Directed by Helena Kaut-Hawson, the 1894 play examines piety and oppression when a thoroughly modern young woman discovers some shocking news about her mother. The season concludes with Shakespeare's As You Like It, from 5 July to 12 August. The love story involving two young maids, who hide out in the forest after being banished from court, is directed by Marianne Elliott. The new look Royal Exchange welcomed audiences for the first time in November 1998, two and a half years after Manchester city centre was devastated by an IRA bomb blast. Over the past twelve months, more than 170,000 people have attended productions at the theatre-in-the-round and it was nominated this year for the TMA Theatre of the Year award. Related Content |
Buy Tickets
Free Newsletter
Featured Video Featured Editor's Picks


text:
Cesar Arevalo, 44, of 1402 Chestnut Drive, Morgan City, was arrested Thursday at 6:09 p.m. on a charge of simple battery. He was released on $500 bond.
Jobeth Denney, 26, of 301B Venus St., Bayou Vista, and a female juvenile, age 15, of Morgan City, were arrested Thursday at 6:35 p.m. on charges of simple battery. Denny was held on $500 bond and the juvenile released to guardians pending juvenile court.
Brent Bridges, 27, of 132 Vaughn Lane, Franklin, was arrested today at 12:20 a.m. on charges of speeding, improper lane use and possession of open alcohol container. He was released on a summons.
Multi-jurisdictional Drug Task Force members reported the arrest of Morgan Bernard, 24, and Jared Jones, 25, both of 110 Southeast Blvd., Apt. 8, Bayou Vista, Thursday at 4:07 p.m. on charges of possession of drug paraphernalia and possession of marijuana. Both were released on summons.


text:
Pretty much - I wear flannel in the fall almost exclusively. I find the mottled weave more interesting than most worsteds. Of course there are minor negatives. You may need a couple extra pair, as flannel should be rested two days after a wearing rather than just one, and they don't wear as well but in my opinion those defects are more than offset by the superior looks of a great flannel.
In spring, flannel trousers are progressively less desireable as the weather warms up. I have a pair in light (for flannel) ten ounce wool and they are not for temperatures much above 70 degrees (f) in my opinion.
From Ben
I am entering into the business world and inherited some of my father's beautiful Oxxford clothing that fits me perfectly. However, all of the pants are pleated and it seems like that style has been phased out. Can I still wear them?
If you hang around here long enough you'll get tired of hearing that there is a difference between fashion and style. Fashion is for the fair sex, and shouldn't affect you unless you're dressing to go clubbing.
Savile Row still overwhelmingly prefers the pleated trouser, and for good reason. Pleats are more attractive on more men than flat fronts. Wear yours in good health.


text:
J5082 : Pilot boat 'PB3', Belfast Lough
3 km from Bangor, Ireland
Exercise Diamond :: J5083
A variety of pictures taken during Exercise Diamond in Belfast Lough and Bangor harbour. The exercise took place on Sunday 23rd September 2012. The following information is taken from a press release issued by the MCA and accessed at Link :
"Exercise Diamond, the largest maritime exercise ever held in Northern Ireland, has taken place today within Belfast Lough. The exercise has tested the response by those involved in maritime search, rescue and recovery to a major maritime incident.
The exercise began with the following scenario:
There had been a collision, caused by an electrical fault, between the passenger vessel, MV 'Lough Explorer' which had 120 people on board and a commercial roll on roll off ferry (the 'Stena Precision'), which had 50 passengers and 23 crew on board. The collision had caused damage to the bow of the Lough Explorer and the hull of the ferry. The Lough Explorer was sinking rapidly and the master of the ship had broadcast a mayday message and given the order to abandon the vessel.
The master of the ferry reported that he could see life-rafts from the Lough Explorer and people in the water. His own vessel had begun to list and three trailers on the deck had rolled over, trapping two people. Another trailer had caught fire. The master had requested help with fire fighting, to free the trapped people and to evacuate 50 people from the vessel. A major incident had been declared.
As part of the live exercise, Belfast Coastguard coordinated an air and sea search and rescue operation involving the following:
Bangor RNLI inshore lifeboat
Donaghadee RNLI all weather lifeboat
Larne RNLI all weather lifeboat
Portpatrick RNLI all weather lifeboat
Belfast Harbour Pilot Boat PB3
Rescue helicopter ICN (Irish Coastguard Sikorsky S92N Dublin)
Rescue helicopter 177 (Royal Navy Sea King Prestwick)
The lifeboats searched for the 100 people (simulated by numbered oranges and dummies) who were in the water following the sinking of the Lough Explorer. Twenty people (played by RNLI crew and MOD personnel) were in life-rafts and were recovered from the water by the lifeboats. By the end of the exercise 115 people (91 oranges, four dummies and all of the personnel) had been landed ashore at Bangor. Coastguard rescue officers, Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) and ambulance personnel then brought them ashore before they were transported to a casualty reception centre, which was set up at Bangor Leisure Centre by North Down Borough Council, Southeastern Health Trust and PSNI.
The rescue helicopters evacuated 30 people from the ship and airlifted them to a landing site at Newtownards airfield. They were met there by the Coastguard Rescue Officers, who took them to the Casualty Reception Centre which had been set up at Londonderry Park by Ards Borough Council, Southeastern Health Trust and PSNI. The helicopters also airlifted specialist rescue teams from the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service and Northern Ireland Ambulance Service to the ferry, to assist with the emergency on board.
The following organisations participated in the exercise:
HM Coastguard / Maritime and Coastguard Agency; Royal National Lifeboat Institution; Police Service of Northern Ireland; Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service; Northern Ireland Ambulance Service; Ministry of Defence (including Royal Airforce); Stena Line; Survitec Group; Irish Coastguard; North Down and Ards Borough Councils; Belfast Harbour."
year taken
- Grid Square
- J5082, 1564 images (more nearby)
- Photographer
- Rossographer (find more nearby)
- Image classification?
- Supplemental image
- Date Taken
- Sunday, 23 September, 2012 (more nearby)
- Submitted
- Tuesday, 25 September, 2012
- Geographical Context
- Place (from Tags)
- Subject Location
Irish: J 501 829 [100m precision]
WGS84: 54:40.3568N 5:40.3561W - Photographer Location
- Irish: J 502 829
- View Direction
- Northwest (about 315 degrees)
This page has been viewed about 34 times.


text:
Tweet |
Follow Us on Facebook Get updates from FaveCrafts.com posted directly to your News Feed. |
Flower Squares AfghanBy: Mary Jane Protus for Red Heart Yarn This intermediate flower afghan crochet pattern features 35 flower motifs with fun popcorn stitches. Creating each of these flower squares in four different colors is challenging and fun. Find this afghan crochet pattern and many more crochet and knitting patterns in the Red Heart Yarn eBook.
Size: 41" wide x 56" long. Gauge: Motif = 7" square Abbreviations: NOTE: To join yarn with a dc- With slip knot on hook, yo, insert hook in st, yo and pull up a loop, [yo and pull through 2 loops] twice. Instructions: AFGHAN: Work 35 Motifs—9 Motifs each with C, D and E and 8 Motifs with F. Instructions are for C Motif. Changes for D, E and F are in parentheses). MOTIF: With B ch 4; join with a slip st to form a ring. ASSEMBLY: Motifs are joined using B on WS, using Assembly Diagram as guide. BORDER: Fore more ideas, visit Red Heart Yarn. Related ProjectsRelated Products to Buy from CutRateCrafts.com - save 15-30% |
Something worth saving?
Free eBooks


text:
Information about cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, proton therapy, complementary medicine, and cutting edge technologies.
Ways for cancer patients and caregivers to cope with cancer, side effects, nutrition, general cancer support issues, grief/end of life issues, and shared survivor's experiences.
Frequently Asked Questions / Types of Cancer
Last Modified: January 14, 2004
Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
Can a bone scan differentiate between changes due to an accident vs. cancer? A urologist scheduled the bone scan for my father who had a pelvic fracture in an accident after treatment for prostate cancer.
Alan J. Wein, MD, Professor and Chair of the Division of Urology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, responds:
A bone scan really screens the entire skeleton for the presence of any area with abnormal activity. Bone scans can't always distinguish the differences between benign abnormalities (such as previous trauma) and cancer, but other imaging studies can be used to further classify a suspicious area on bone scan. In addition, there are certain patterns on a bone scan that are typical of metastatic disease. It is important you let your physicians know of any previous trauma so it can be correlated with any abnormalities on the bone scan and confirmed with other radiology studies.
Ms. Hollis discusses the role of the nurse practitioner in oncology care. Read more.
Cancer Types
Bone Cancer
Brain Tumors
Breast Cancer
Carcinoid Tumors
Endocrine System Cancers
Gastrointestinal Cancers
Gynecologic Cancers
Head and Neck Cancers
Lung Cancers
Pediatric Cancers
Penile Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Skin Cancers
Testicular Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Urinary Tract Cancers
OncoLink Vet
Cancer Treatment
Biologic Therapy
Bone Marrow Transplants
Clinical Trials
Complementary Medicine
Gene Therapy
General Treatment Concerns
Hormone Therapy
PDT Center
Proton Therapy
Radiation Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Targeted Therapies
Vaccine Therapies
Cancer Support
Hospice Care and Bereavement
Nutrition and Cancer
Sexuality & Fertility
Side Effects
Exercise and Cancer
Cancer Resources
Cancer News
OncoLink University
Nurses' Notes
Newly Diagnosed Patients
Causes and Prevention
Legal and Financial Information for Patients
LGBT Resources
NCI Resources
Global Resources
Cancer Resource List
Resources for Young Adults
OncoLink Media Library
OncoLink TV
Book, Music and Video Reviews
Ask the Experts
Brown Bag Chat
Tracy's Corner
About OncoLink
About OncoLink
Giving to OncoLink
Contact Information
Usage Policy
Editorial Board
How to Partner with OncoLink
Link to OncoLink
Mission Statement
Calcium Leucovorin, Citrovorum Factor, Folinic Acid
Cladribine (2-CDA, Leustatin®)
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®, Neosar®, Endoxan®)
Cyclosporine (Neoral®, Sandimmune®, Restasis®, Gengraf®)
Cytarabine (Cytosar-U®, Ara-C)
Irinotecan (Camptosar®, CPT-11)
Leucovorin (Calcium Leucovorin, Citrovorum Factor, Folinic Acid)
Calcium Leucovorin, Citrovorum Factor, Folinic Acid
Leucovorin (Calcium Leucovorin, Citrovorum Factor, Folinic Acid)
Leuprolide Acetate (Lupron®, Lupron Depot®, Eligard®, Prostap®, Viadur®) - For Men
Leuprolide Acetate (Lupron®, Lupron Depot®, Eligard®, Prostap®, Viadur®) - For Women
Lupron®, Lupron Depot®, Eligard®, Prostap®, Viadur®
Lupron®, Lupron Depot®, Eligard®, Prostap®, Viadur®
Busulfan (Myleran®, Busulfex®)
Intravesicular Mitomycin (Mutamycin®, Mitomycin-C, given into the bladder)
Mechlorethamine (Mustargen®, Nitrogen Mustard)
mechlorethamine, mustine, Mustargen®
Megestrol (Megace®, Megace-ES®)
Mercaptopurine (Purinethol®, 6-MP)
Methotrexate (Mexate®, Folex®, Rheumatrex®, Amethopterin, MTX)
Mexate®, Folex®, Rheumatrex®, Amethopterin, MTX
Mitomycin (Mutamycin®, Mitomycin-C)
Morphine Sulfate (Given by IV)
Morphine Sulfate (MS Contin®, Avinza®, Kadian®, Oramorph SR®)
MS Contin®, Avinza®, Kadian®, Oramorph SR®
Mutamycin®, Mitomycin-C, given into the bladder
Nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine, mustine, Mustargen®)
Bendamustine Hydrochloride (Treanda®)
Bexarotene (Targretin®), Oral Formulation
Bexarotene Gel (Targretin® Gel Formulation)
Etoposide (Toposar®, VePesid®, Etopophos®,VP-16)
Thioguanine (6-TG, Thioguanine Tabloid®)
Toposar®, VePesid®, Etopophos®,VP-16
Trelstar LA® and Trelstar Depot®
Tretinoin (Vesanoid®, All-Trans-Retinoic Acid, ATRA)
Triptorelin (Trelstar LA® and Trelstar Depot®)


text:
All Together
Evening service Sunday, Dec. 16, at 6:30 p.m. Speaker for the evening is evangelist Lamb of Goshen Disciple Church Faison. Church is located at 880 E Darden Road, Faison. FMI, call 910-564-2948.
Bearskin MBC
Christmas Craft and Activities Day, from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m., Saturday, Dec. 15. The Mission Department will collect canned foods to distribute to local food banks. Please contact sister Dora Raynor for more information at 592-2394. Annual Christmas Program and celebration will be observed Friday, Dec. 21, at 7 p.m. A special worship service will be held to celebrate the historic 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation on Sunday, Dec. 23 at 11 a.m. This program will reflect on the progress made in achieving America's promise of liberty and justice for all. FMI, contact brother Larry Sutton 910-564-4717.
Cedar Point
Disciples of Church
All fifth-grade through college-age students, parents and guardians are invited to attend a Youth Seminar Saturday, Dec. 22. The Youth Seminar will begin at 11:50 a.m. Topics of discussion are "Peer Pressure," "Substance Abuse," "Driving and Safety," "What Happens When You Break the Law?" and "The Testimony!" Come and learn more about how to handle the difficult issues our children face! The 11th Annual 100 Men in Black/Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration will be held Sunday, Jan. 20, at 3 p.m. The theme this year is "Conquering the Enemy: Saving Our Sons & Daughters." Pastor Gary D. Jones and the men of Cedar Point invite all Pastors and all men to join us in this celebration.
Elizabeth MBC
Come hear about the Greatest Gift, 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m., Saturday, Dec. 15, Bellamy Center Gym at Royal Lane Park for all children and youth. Fun, refreshments and gifts. Free.
Grove Park BC
Live Nativity, Sunday through Tuesday, Dec. 16-18 with shows a , 7, 7:30 and 8 p.m. Free.
Holland's Chapel
PH Church
Will present "A Christmas Celebration" Sunday, Dec. 16 at 6 p.m. The church is located at 2069 Huntley School Road, Roseboro.
House of Prayer
Services Sunday night, Dec. 16, at 7:30 p.m. Guest minister will be Brenda McNeil of Goldsboro. There will be a Christmas program at 7:30 p.m., Monday, Dec. 17 with guest speaker pastor Eveling Oliver of Faison. Music will be provided by minister Avais Baker of Warsaw. Gifts and prizes will be given away.
Lisbon Street MBC
Annual Laymen's Christmas Breakfast will be Saturday, Dec. 15, starting at 9 a.m. The Rev. Marcus Becton of Way of the Cross Church will be the guest speaker.
New Vision
Christian Church
Worship Celebration Sunday, Dec. 21 at 10 a.m. At 7 p.m., a Christmas fellowship will be held. On Sunday, Dec. 23 at 10 a.m. Christmas/youth worship celebration. FMI, call 299-5002.
Ram in the
Bush Church
Friday night will conclude two-day appreciation service with guest speaker Keith Anderson of Faith Love and Kingdom Ministry, Rocky Mount at 7:30 p.m. Sunday evening service at 5 p.m. with prophet Cashmere as the guest speaker. Dec. 21 - 22 a two-night appreciation service for pastor Howard with guest pastor Bobby Lamb at 7:30 p.m. each night.
Red Hill Universalist
Annual Christmas Candle Lighting Service will be Sunday, Dec. 16. A covered dish supper begins at 5:30 p.m. and the Candle Lighting Service begins at 6:30 p.m. The Rev. Justin Lapoint, of Mount Olive, will be leading the service.
Robinson Chapel MBC
Pre-Pastor's Anniversary service for the Rev. Ronald Highsmith at 7 p.m., Saturday, Dec. 15. FMI, call 990-6819 or 385-1068. The church is in Roseboro.
Shady Grove
OFWB Church
Announces its Christmas Celebration schedule: 11 a.m. Sunday, Dec. 16 - The Celebration of Joy; 6 p.m. - "The Greatest Christmas Pageant Ever" a special youth drama performed by the youth; 11 a.m., Sunday, Dec. 23 – The Celebration of Love including the performance of "Come and Adore Him" - A Wonderful Christmas Cantata presented by the choir. The church is located on U.S. Route 13, only a mile north of the intersection of U.S. 13 and U.S. 421 at Spivey's Corner. FMI, call 910-567-6689.
Shiloh PHC
Will present "The First Christmas!" at 6 p.m., Sunday, Dec. 16 with refreshments following. The church is located at 2271 Autry Mill Road.
Trinity AME
Zion Church
Will have a Fruits of the Spirit Service at 5 p.m., Saturday, Dec. 15. Various speakers are on the program.
Union Grove Church
of Christ Disciples of Christ
Will host a Christmas Gospel Concert Saturday, Dec. 15 at 6 p.m. Guest choirs and soloists from Clinton and surrounding areas will be presented, Master of Ceremony will be minister Byron McIntyre. The event is sponsored by the Pastor's Aide Committee. Refreshments will be served. Church is located at 716 Lisbon St.
Union Grove FWB
Early morning worship Sunday, Dec., 16 at 8 a.m. Vice bishop Garland Mayes will bring the message and the youth will provide the music. Youth Christmas celebration right after service. Caroling, Tuesday night Dec. 18 starting at 6 p.m. The church is located in Keener.


text:
Original sin
Original sin, also called ancestral sin,[1] is, according to a Christian theological doctrine, humanity's state of sin resulting from the fall of man,[2] stemming from Adam's rebellion in Eden. This condition has been characterized in many ways, ranging from something as insignificant as a slight deficiency, or a tendency toward sin yet without collective guilt, referred to as a "sin nature", to something as drastic as total depravity or automatic guilt of all humans through collective guilt.[3]
The concept of original sin was first alluded to in the 2nd century by Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons in his controversy (written in Greek) with certain dualist Gnostics.[2] Its scriptural foundation is based on the New Testament teaching of Paul the Apostle (Romans 5:12-21 and 1 Corinthians 15:22), and Psalm 51:5.[citation needed] Tertullian, Cyprian, Ambrose and Ambrosiaster considered that mankind shares in Adam's sin, transmitted by human generation. Augustine's formulation of original sin was popular among Reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin who equated original sin with concupiscence, affirming that it persisted even after baptism and completely destroyed freedom.[2] Within Roman Catholicism, the Jansenist movement, which the Church then declared heretical, also maintained that original sin destroyed freedom of will.[4]
The doctrine is not found in mainstream Judaism. Although there were some Jewish teachers in Talmudic times who believed that death was a punishment brought upon mankind on account of Adam's sin, that is not the dominant view in Judaism today.[5] The concept is also not found in Islam.[6][7] Depending on how it is defined, original sin is also rejected by some Christian theologies.
Contents |
History of the doctrine[edit]
The Apostolic Fathers and the Apologists mostly dealt with topics other than original sin. The formalized doctrine of original sin was first developed in the 2nd-century by Irenaeus, the Bishop of Lyons, in his struggle against Gnosticism.[2] Irenaeus contrasted their doctrine with the view that the Fall was a step in the wrong direction by Adam, with whom, Irenaeus believed, his descendants had some solidarity or identity.[8] Irenaeus believed that Adam's sin had grave consequences for humanity, that it is the source of human sinfulness, mortality and enslavement to sin, and that all human beings participate in his sin and share his guilt.[9]
The Greek Fathers emphasized the cosmic dimension of the Fall, namely that since Adam human beings are born into a fallen world, but held fast to belief that man, though fallen, is free.[2] They thus did not teach that human beings are deprived of free will and involved in total depravity, which is one understanding of original sin.[10][11] During this period the doctrines of human depravity and the inherently sinful nature of human flesh were taught by Gnostics, and orthodox Christian writers took great pains to counter them.[12][13] Christian Apologists insisted that God's future judgment of humanity implied humanity must have the ability to live righteously.[14][15]
Augustine of Hippo (354-430) taught that Adam's sin[16] is transmitted by concupiscence, resulting in mankind becoming a massa damnata (mass of perdition, condemned crowd), with much enfeebled, though not destroyed, freedom of will.[2] When Adam sinned, human nature was thenceforth transformed. Adam and Eve, via sexual reproduction, recreated human nature. Their descendants now live in sin, in the form of concupiscence, a term Augustine used in a metaphysical, not a psychological sense.[17] Augustine insisted that concupiscence was not a being but a bad quality, the privation of good or a wound.[18] He admitted that sexual concupiscence (libido) might have been present in the perfect human nature in paradise, and that only later it became disobedient to human will as a result of the first couple's disobedience to God's will in the original sin.[19] In Augustine's view (termed "Realism"), all of humanity was really present in Adam when he sinned, and therefore all have sinned. Original sin, according to Augustine, consists of the guilt of Adam which all humans inherit. As sinners, humans are utterly depraved in nature, lack the freedom to do good, and cannot respond to the will of God without divine grace. Grace is irresistible, results in conversion, and leads to perseverance.[20]
Augustine articulated his explanation in reaction to Pelagianism, which insisted that humans have of themselves, without the necessary help of God's grace, the ability to lead a morally good life, and thus denied both the importance of baptism and the teaching that God is the giver of all that is good. Pelagius claimed that the influence of Adam on other humans was merely that of bad example. Augustine held that the effects of Adam's sin are transmitted to his descendants not by example but by the very fact of generation from that ancestor. A wounded nature comes to the soul and body of the new person from his/her parents, who experience libido (or concupiscence). Augustine's view was that human procreation was the way the transmission was being effected. He did not blame, however, the sexual passion itself, but the spiritual concupiscence present in human nature, soul and body, even after baptismal regeneration.[21] Christian parents transmit their wounded nature to children, because they give them birth, not the "re-birth".[22] Augustine used Ciceronian Stoic concept of passions, to interpret St. Paul's doctrine of universal sin and redemption. In that view, also sexual desire itself as well as other bodily passions were consequence of the original sin, in which pure affections were wounded by vice and became disobedient to human reason and will. As long as they carry a threat to the dominion of reason over the soul they constitute moral evil, but since they do not presuppose consent, one cannot call them sins. Mankind will be liberated from passions, and pure affections will be restored only when all sin has been washed away and ended, that is in the resurrection of the dead.[23][24]
Augustine believed that the only definitive destinations of souls are heaven and hell. He concluded that unbaptized infants go to hell as a consequence of original sin.[25][26] The Latin Church Fathers who followed Augustine adopted his position, which became a point of reference for Latin theologians in the Middle Ages.[27] In the later mediaeval period, some theologians continued to hold Augustine's view, others held that unbaptized infants suffered no pain at all: unaware of being deprived of the beatific vision, they enjoyed a state of natural, not supernatural happiness. Starting around 1300, unbaptized infants were often said to inhabit the "limbo of infants".[28] The Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1261 declares: "As regards children who have died without Baptism, the Church can only entrust them to the mercy of God, as she does in her funeral rites for them. Indeed, the great mercy of God who desires that all men should be saved, and Jesus' tenderness toward children which caused him to say: 'Let the children come to me, do not hinder them,'[29] allow us to hope that there is a way of salvation for children who have died without Baptism. All the more urgent is the Church's call not to prevent little children coming to Christ through the gift of holy Baptism." But the theory of Limbo, while it "never entered into the dogmatic definitions of the Magisterium ... remains ... a possible theological hypothesis".[30]
In the works of John Cassian (ca. 360 – 435), Conference XIII recounts how the wise monk Chaeremon, of whom he is writing, responded to puzzlement caused by his own statement that "man even though he strive with all his might for a good result, yet cannot become master of what is good unless he has acquired it simply by the gift of Divine bounty and not by the efforts of his own toil" (chapter 1). In chapter 11, Cassian presents Chaeremon as speaking of the cases of Paul the persecutor and Matthew the publican as difficulties for those who say "the beginning of free will is in our own power", and the cases of Zaccheus and the good thief on the cross as difficulties for those who say "the beginning of our free will is always due to the inspiration of the grace of God", and as concluding: "These two then; viz., the grace of God and free will seem opposed to each other, but really are in harmony, and we gather from the system of goodness that we ought to have both alike, lest if we withdraw one of them from man, we may seem to have broken the rule of the Church's faith: for when God sees us inclined to will what is good, He meets, guides, and strengthens us: for 'At the voice of thy cry, as soon as He shall hear, He will answer thee'; and: 'Call upon Me', He says, 'in the day of tribulation and I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify Me'. And again, if He finds that we are unwilling or have grown cold, He stirs our hearts with salutary exhortations, by which a good will is either renewed or formed in us."[31]
Cassian did not accept the idea of total depravity, on which Martin Luther was to insist.[32] He taught that human nature is fallen or depraved, but not totally. Augustine Casiday states that, at the same time, Cassian "baldly asserts that God's grace, not human free will, is responsible for 'everything which pertains to salvation' - even faith."[33] Cassian pointed out that people still have moral freedom and one has the option to choose to follow God. Colm Luibhéid says that, according to Cassian, there are cases where the soul makes the first little turn,[34] but in Cassian's view, according to Casiday, any sparks of goodwill that may exist, not directly caused by God, are totally inadequate and only direct divine intervention ensures spiritual progress.[35] and Lauren Pristas says that "for Cassian, salvation is, from beginning to end, the effect of God's grace."[36]
Church reaction[edit]
Opposition to Augustine's ideas about original sin, which he had developed in reaction to Pelagianism, arose rapidly,[37] After a long and bitter struggle the general principles of Augustine's teaching were confirmed within Western Christianity by many councils, especially the Second Council of Orange in 529.[2] However, while the Church condemned Pelagius, it did not endorse Augustine entirely[38] and, while Augustine's authority was accepted, he was interpreted in the light of writers such as Cassian.[39] Some of the followers of Augustine identified original sin with concupiscence[40] in the psychological sense, but this identification was challenged by the 11th-century Saint Anselm of Canterbury, who defined original sin as "privation of the righteousness that every man ought to possess", thus separating it from concupiscence. In the 12th century the identification of original sin with concupiscence was supported by Peter Lombard and others, but was rejected by the leading theologians in the next century, chief of whom was Thomas Aquinas. He distinguished the supernatural gifts of Adam before the Fall from what was merely natural, and said that it was the former that were lost, privileges that enabled man to keep his inferior powers in submission to reason and directed to his supernatural end. Even after the fall, man thus kept his natural abilities of reason, will and passions. Rigorous Augustine-inspired views persisted among the Franciscans, though the most prominent Franciscan theologians, such as Duns Scotus and William of Ockham, eliminated the element of concupiscence.
Protestant reformation[edit]
Martin Luther (1483-1546) asserted that humans inherit Adamic guilt and are in a state of sin from the moment of conception. The second article in Lutheranism's Augsburg Confession presents its doctrine of original sin in summary form:
It is also taught among us that since the fall of Adam all men who are born according to the course of nature are conceived and born in sin. That is, all men are full of evil lust and inclinations from their mothers' wombs and are unable by nature to have true fear of God and true faith in God. Moreover, this inborn sickness and hereditary sin is truly sin and condemns to the eternal wrath of God all those who are not born again through Baptism and the Holy Spirit. Rejected in this connection are the Pelagians and others who deny that original sin is sin, for they hold that natural man is made righteous by his own powers, thus disparaging the sufferings and merit of Christ.[41]
Luther, however, also agreed with the Roman Catholic doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (that Mary was conceived free from original sin) by saying:
[Mary] is full of grace, proclaimed to be entirely without sin. God's grace fills her with everything good and makes her devoid of all evil. God is with her, meaning that all she did or left undone is divine and the action of God in her. Moreover, God guarded and protected her from all that might be hurtful to her.[42]
Protestant Reformer John Calvin (1509-1564) developed a systematic theology of Augustinian Protestantism by interpretation of Augustine of Hippo's notion of original sin. Calvin believed that humans inherit Adamic guilt and are in a state of sin from the moment of conception. This inherently sinful nature (the basis for the Calvinistic doctrine of "total depravity") results in a complete alienation from God and the total inability of humans to achieve reconciliation with God based on their own abilities. Not only do individuals inherit a sinful nature due to Adam's fall, but since he was the federal head and representative of the human race, all whom he represented inherit the guilt of his sin by imputation. Redemption by Jesus Christ is the only remedy.
John Calvin defined original sin in his Institutes of the Christian Religion as follows:
Original sin, therefore, seems to be a hereditary depravity and corruption of our nature, diffused into all parts of the soul, which first makes us liable to God's wrath, then also brings forth in us those works which Scripture calls "works of the flesh" (Gal 5:19). And that is properly what Paul often calls sin. The works that come forth from it--such as adulteries, fornications, thefts, hatreds, murders, carousings--he accordingly calls "fruits of sin" (Gal 5:19-21), although they are also commonly called "sins" in Scripture, and even by Paul himself.[43]
Council of Trent[edit]
The Council of Trent (1545-1563), while not pronouncing on points disputed among Catholic theologians, condemned the teaching that in baptism the whole of what belongs to the essence of sin is not taken away, but is only cancelled or not imputed, and declared the concupiscence that remains after baptism not truly and properly "sin" in the baptized, but only to be called sin in the sense that it is of sin and inclines to sin.[44]
In 1567, soon after the close of the Council of Trent, Pope Pius V went beyond Trent by sanctioning Aquinas's distinction between nature and supernature in Adam's state before the Fall, condemned the identification of original sin with concupiscence, and approved the view that the unbaptized could have right use of will.[2]
Denominational views[edit]
Roman Catholicism[edit]
The Catechism of the Catholic Church says:
By his sin Adam, as the first man, lost the original holiness and justice he had received from God, not only for himself but for all humans. Adam and Eve transmitted to their descendants human nature wounded by their own first sin and hence deprived of original holiness and justice; this deprivation is called "original sin". As a result of original sin, human nature is weakened in its powers, subject to ignorance, suffering and the domination of death, and inclined to sin (this inclination is called "concupiscence").[45]
The Catholic Church teaches that every human person born on this earth is made in the image of God.[46][47] Within man "is both the powerful surge toward the good because we are made in the image of God, and the darker impulses toward evil because of the effects of Original Sin."[48] Furthermore, it explicitly denies that we inherit guilt from anyone, maintaining that instead we inherit our fallen nature. In this it differs from the Calvinism/Protestant position that each person actually inherits Adam's guilt, and teaches instead that "original sin does not have the character of a personal fault in any of Adam's descendants ... but the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man".[49] "In other words, human beings do not bear any 'original guilt' from Adam and Eve's particular sin."[50]
The Church has always held baptism to be "for the remission of sins", and, as mentioned in Catechism of the Catholic Church, 403, infants too have traditionally been baptized, though not guilty of any actual personal sin. The sin that through baptism was remitted for them could only be original sin, with which they were connected by the very fact of being a human. The first comprehensive theological explanation of this practice of baptizing infants, guilty of no actual personal sin, was given by Saint Augustine of Hippo, not all of whose ideas on original sin have been adopted by the Catholic Church. Indeed the Church has condemned the interpretation of some of his ideas by certain leaders of the Protestant Reformation.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains that in "yielding to the tempter, Adam and Eve committed a personal sin, but this sin affected the human nature that they would then transmit in a fallen state … original sin is called "sin" only in an analogical sense: it is a sin "contracted" and not "committed" — a state and not an act" (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 404). This "state of deprivation of the original holiness and justice … transmitted to the descendants of Adam along with human nature" (Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, 76) involves no personal responsibility or personal guilt on their part (cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 405). Personal responsibility and guilt were Adam's, who because of his sin, was unable to pass on to his descendants a human nature with the holiness with which it would otherwise have been endowed, in this way implicating them in his sin. The doctrine of original sin thus does not impute the sin of the father to his children, but merely states that they inherit from him a "human nature deprived of original holiness and justice", which is "transmitted by propagation to all mankind" (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 404).
In the theology of the Catholic Church, original sin is regarded as the general condition of sinfulness, that is (the absence of holiness and perfect charity) into which humans are born, distinct from the actual sins that a person commits. This teaching explicitly states that "original sin does not have the character of a personal fault in any of Adam's descendants".[49] In other words, human beings do not bear any "original guilt" from Adam's particular sin, which is his alone. The prevailing view, also held in Eastern Orthodoxy, is that human beings bear no guilt for the sin of Adam. The Catholic Church teaches: "By our first parents' sin, the devil has acquired a certain domination over man, even though man remains free."[51]
The Catholic doctrine of the Immaculate Conception of Mary is that Mary was conceived free from original sin: "the most Blessed Virgin Mary was, from the first moment of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege of almighty God and by virtue of the merits of Jesus Christ, Savior of the human race, preserved immune from all stain of original sin."[52] The doctrine sees her as an exception to the general rule that human beings are not immune from the reality of original sin.
Eastern Orthodoxy[edit]
The Eastern Orthodox's version of original sin originates with the Devil, "for the devil sinneth from the beginning. (1 John iii. 8)".[53] They acknowledge that the introduction of ancestral sin[54] into the human race affected the subsequent environment for mankind (see also traducianism). However, they never accepted Augustine of Hippo's notions of original sin and hereditary guilt.[55]
Orthodox Churches accept the teachings of John Cassian, as do Catholic Churches eastern and western,[32] in rejecting the doctrine of Total Depravity, by teaching that human nature is "fallen", that is, depraved, but not totally. Augustine Casiday states that Cassian "baldly asserts that God's grace, not human free will, is responsible for 'everything which pertains to salvation' - even faith."[33] Cassian points out that people still have moral freedom and one has the option to choose to follow God. Colm Luibhéid says that, according to Cassian, there are cases where the soul makes the first little turn,[34] while Augustine Casiday says that, in Cassian's view, any sparks of goodwill that may exist, not directly caused by God, are totally inadequate and only direct divine intervention ensures spiritual progress.[35] and Lauren Pristas says that "for Cassian, salvation is, from beginning to end, the effect of God's grace."[36]
Eastern orthodoxy accept the doctrine of ancestral sin.[56][57][58] which indicates that "original sin is hereditary. It did not remain only Adam and Eve's. As life passes from them to all of their descendants, so does original sin."[59]
The Orthodox Church in America makes clear the distinction between "fallen nature" and "fallen man" and this is affirmed in the early teaching of the Church whose role it is to act as the catalyst that leads to true or inner redemption. Every human person born on this earth bears the image of God undistorted within themselves.[60] In the Orthodox Christian understanding, they explicitly deny that mankind inherited guilt from anyone. Rather, they maintain that we inherit our fallen nature. While humanity does bear the consequences of the original, or first, sin, humanity does not bear the personal guilt associated with this sin. Adam and Eve are guilty of their willful action; we bear the consequences, chief of which is death."[61]
Classical Anglicanism[edit]
The original formularies of the Church of England also continue in the Reformation understanding of Original Sin. In the Thirty-Nine Articles, Article IX "Of Original or Birth-sin" states:
Original Sin standeth not in the following of Adam, (as the Pelagians do vainly talk;) but it is the fault and corruption of the Nature of every man, that naturally is ingendered of the offspring of Adam; whereby man is very far gone from original righteousness, and is of his own nature inclined to evil, so that the flesh lusteth always contrary to the spirit; and therefore in every person born into this world, it deserveth God's wrath and damnation. And this infection of nature doth remain, yea in them that are regenerated; whereby the lust of the flesh, called in the Greek, Φρονεμα σαρκος, which some do expound the wisdom, some sensuality, some the affection, some the desire, of the flesh, is not subject to the Law of God. And although there is no condemnation for them that believe and are baptized, yet the Apostle doth confess, that concupiscence and lust hath of itself the nature of sin.[62]
However, more recent doctrinal statements (e.g. the 1938 report Doctrine in the Church of England) permit a greater variety of understandings of this doctrine. The 1938 report summarizes:
Man is by nature capable of communion with God, and only through such communion can he become what he was created to be. "Original sin" stands for the fact that from a time apparently prior to any responsible act of choice man is lacking in this communion, and if left to his own resources and to the influence of his natural environment cannot attain to his destiny as a child of God.[63]
The Methodist Church, founded by John Wesley, upholds Article VII in the Articles of Religion in the Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church:
Original sin standeth not in the following of Adam (as the Pelagians do vainly talk), but it is the corruption of the nature of every man, that naturally is engendered of the offspring of Adam, whereby man is very far gone from original righteousness, and of his own nature inclined to evil, and that continually.[64]
Here is a direct comment on original sin by Wesley. ""The Scripture does not, that I remember, anywhere say, in express words, that the sin of Adam is imputed to his children; or, that the sins of believers are imputed to Christ; or, that the righteousness of Christ is imputed to believers: but the true meaning of these expressions is sufficiently found in several places of Scripture." "Yet since these express words and phrases, of the imputation of Adam's sin to us, of our sins to Christ, and of Christ's righteousness to us, are not plainly written in Scripture we should not impose it on every Christian, to use these very expressions. Let every one take his liberty, either of confining himself to strictly Scriptural language, or manifesting his sense of these plain Scriptural doctrines, in words and phrases of his own."[65]
Wesley also stated that strictly speaking, nothing is sin but a willful transgression of a known commandment of God: "One thing we should all agree on is that all have sinned and come short of the glory of God, and are in need of a Savior. I personally feel that the only Scriptural definition of sin is; sin is the willful transgression of a known commandment of God."[citation needed]
Seventh-day Adventism[edit]
Seventh-day Adventists believe that humans are inherently sinful due to the fall of Adam,[66] but they do not totally accept the Augustinian/Calvinistic understanding of original sin, taught in terms of original guilt, but hold more to what could be termed the "total depravity" tradition.[67] According to Augustine and Calvin, mankind inherits not only Adam's depraved nature but also the actual guilt of his transgression, and Adventists look more toward the Wesleyan model.[68]
In part, the Adventist position on original sin reads:
"The nature of the penalty for original sin, i.e., Adam's sin, is to be seen as literal, physical, temporal, or actual death - the opposite of life, i.e., the cessation of being. By no stretch of the scriptural facts can death be spiritualised as depravity. God did not punish Adam by making him a sinner. That was Adam's own doing. All die the first death because of Adam's sin regardless of their moral character - children included."[68]
Early Adventists Pioneers (such as George Storrs and Uriah Smith) tended to de-emphasise the morally corrupt nature inherited from Adam, while stressing the importance of actual, personal sins committed by the individual. They thought of the "sinful nature" in terms of physical mortality rather than moral depravity.[68] Traditionally, Adventists look at sin in terms of willful transgressions, and that Christ triumphed over sin. Adventism believes that Christ is both our Substitute and our Example.[69] They base their belief on texts such as "Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law." (1 John 3:4)[70]
The authoritative Adventist position is outlined by reference to publicly available theological positions available on the General Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church's official website on theological doctrine, the Biblical Research Institute.[71] One such article commenting on original sin can be found here.
Jehovah's Witnesses[edit]
According to Jehovah's witness theology, all humans are born sinners, inheriting sin, corruption, and death from Adam. They teach that Adam was originally created perfect and sinless, but with free will; that the Devil, who was originally a perfect angel, but later developed feelings of pride and self-importance, seduced Eve, and then through her, persuaded Adam to disobey God, and to obey the Devil instead, rebelling against God's sovereignty, thereby making themselves sinners, and because of that, transmitting a sinful nature to all of their future offspring.[72][73] Instead of destroying the Devil right away, as well as destroying the couple, God decided to allow time, test the loyalty of the rest of humankind, and to prove to the rest of the universe that man cannot be independent of God successfully, that man without God's laws and standards is lost, and can never bring peace to the earth, and that Satan was a deceiver, murderer, and liar.[74] The Witnesses believe that man has "inherited sin" from the "one man" Adam. And they teach that Verses such as Psalm 51:5, Job 14:4, Romans 5:12-22, and 1st Corinthians 15:22 show that man dies because of inherited sin and imperfection. They teach that inherited sin is the reason and cause for sickness and suffering, made worse by the Devil's influence. They teach that Jesus is the "second Adam", being the Son of God and sinless human Messiah, and that He came to undo what the first Adam did in Eden; and that salvation and everlasting life can only be obtained through faith and obedience to the Second Adam.[72][73][74][75][76][77] They believe that "sin" is "missing the mark" of God's standard of perfection, and that everyone is born a sinner, due to being the offspring of sinner Adam.[78]
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints[edit]
To the Latter Day Saint movement, the fall of Adam is viewed as a necessary transgression, needed both to fulfill the commandment to "multiply, and replenish the earth" (Genesis 1:28).,[79][80] as well as to usher in the rigors and opposition found in mortality—which is considered the only way that man can truly learn to appreciate and choose the good, and forsake evil. The ultimate goal of this process of learning and growth is to gain a fulness of joy. The LDS Church's view is that people could not have gained physical bodies or learned to use agency well without the fall of Adam.[81] Mormons also do not believe that children come into the world with any guilt,[82] because Jesus Christ atoned for original sin.[83][84]
In Swedenborgianism, exegesis of the first 11 chapters of Genesis from The First Church, has a view that Adam is not an individual person. Rather, he is a symbolic representation of the "Most Ancient Church", having a more direct contact with heaven than all other successive churches.[85] Swedenborg's view of original sin is referred to as hereditary evil, which passes from generation to generation.[86] It cannot be completely abolished, but can be tempered when someone reforms their own life,[87] and are thus held accountable only for their own sins.[88]
Original sin and extraterrestrials[edit]
In an interview entitled "Aliens Are My Brother", granted to L'Osservatore Romano, the Vatican newspaper, Father José Gabriel Funes, director of the Vatican Observatory, stated: "In my opinion this possibility (of life on other planets) exists"; "intelligent beings, created by God may exist in outer space" and "some aliens could even be free from original sin" concluding "there could be (other beings) who remained in full friendship with their creator".[89][90][91][92] The idea that on other planets beings could exist in an unfallen state was explored by C. S. Lewis in his novel Out of the Silent Planet.
And on 5 March 2009, Jesuit Brother Guy Consolmagno, another astronomer working at the Vatican Observatory, told the BBC, in relation to the search for Earth-like worlds about to be embarked upon by the Kepler Space telescope, that "we Jesuits are actively involved in the search for Earth-like planets. The idea that there could be other intelligent creatures made by God in a relationship with God is not contrary to traditional Judeo-Christian thought. The Bible has many references to, or descriptions of, non-human intelligent beings; after all, that's what angels are. Our cousins on other planets may even have their own salvation story – including other examples of the incarnation of the second person of the Trinity. We are open to whatever the Universe has for us."[93]
With regard to the attribution to "the Vatican" of similar statements by individuals working for the Holy See, official spokesman Father Federico Lombardi, also a Jesuit, published on 21 February 2009 a declaration that they must not be mistaken for statements of the Holy See— they are only statements of this individual Jesuit priest.[94]
Historian Robin Lane Fox argues that the foundation of the doctrine of original sin, that was accepted by the Church, was based on a mis-translation of Paul the Apostle's Epistle to the Romans (Romans 5:12-21) by Augustine, in his "On the Grace of Christ, and on Original Sin".[95]
See also[edit]
Constructs such as ibid., loc. cit. and idem are discouraged by Wikipedia's style guide for footnotes, as they are easily broken. Please improve this article by replacing them with named references (quick guide), or an abbreviated title. (March 2010) |
- ^ Examples: Alexander Golitzin, On the Mystical Life by Saint Symeon (St Vladimir's Seminary Press 1995 ISBN 9780881411447), p.119; Adam L. Tate, Conservatism and Southern Intellectuals, 1789-1861 (University of Missouri Press 2005 ISBN 9780826215673), p. 190; Marcelle Bartolo-Abel, God's Gift to Humanity (Apostolate-The Divine Heart 2011 ISBN 9780983348016), p. 32; Ann Hassan, Annotations to Geoffrey Hill's Speech! Speech! (Punctum Books 2012 ISBN 97814681298470, p. 62
- ^ a b c d e f g h i ODCC 2005, p. Original sin.
- ^ Brodd, Jefferey (2003). World Religions. Winona, MN: Saint Mary's Press. ISBN 978-0-88489-725-5.
- ^ "Jansenius and Jansenism" in The Catholic Encyclopedia
- ^ Judaism's Rejection Of Original Sin While there were some Jewish teachers in Talmudic times who believed that death was a punishment brought upon mankind on account of Adam's sin, the dominant view by far was that man sins because he is not a perfect being, and not, as Christianity teaches, because he is inherently sinful.
- ^ http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/human.htm/
- ^ http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/human.htm
- ^ J. N. D. Kelly Early Christian Doctrines (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1978) p. 171, referred to in Daniel L. Akin, A Theology for the Church, p. 433
- ^ Daniel L. Akin, A Theology for the Church (B&H Publishing 2007 ISBN 978-0-8054-2640-3), p. 433
- ^ A. J. Wallace, R. D. Rusk, Moral Transformation: The Original Christian Paradigm of Salvation (New Zealand: Bridgehead, 2011), pp. 255 & 258. ISBN 978-1-4563-8980-2
- ^ H. E. W. Turner, The Patristic Doctrine of the Redemption: A Study of the Development of Doctrine During the First Five Centuries (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2004) p. 71
- ^ Bernhard Lohse, A Short History of Christian Doctrine (Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1966), p. 104
- ^ A. J. Wallace, R. D. Rusk, Moral Transformation: The Original Christian Paradigm of Salvation (New Zealand: Bridgehead, 2011), p. 258. ISBN 978-1-4563-8980-2
- ^ Arthur C. McGiffert, A History of Christian Thought: Volume 1, Early and Eastern (New York; London: C. Scribner's sons, 1932), p. 101
- ^ A. J. Wallace, R. D. Rusk, Moral Transformation: The Original Christian Paradigm of Salvation (New Zealand: Bridgehead, 2011), pp. 258-259. ISBN 978-1-4563-8980-2
- ^ Augustine taught that Adam's sin was both an act of foolishness (insipientia) and of pride and disobedience to God of Adam and Eve. He thought it was a most subtle job to discern what came first: self-centeredness or failure in seeing truth. Augustine wrote to Julian of Eclanum: Sed si disputatione subtilissima et elimatissima opus est, ut sciamus utrum primos homines insipientia superbos, an insipientes superbia fecerit (Contra Julianum, V, 4.18; PL 44, 795). This particular sin would not have taken place if Satan had not sown into their senses "the root of evil" (radix Mali): Nisi radicem mali humanus tunc reciperet sensus (Contra Julianum, I, 9.42; PL 44, 670)
- ^ Thomas Aquinas explained Augustine's doctrine pointing out that the libido (concupiscence), which makes the original sin pass from parents to children, is not a libido actualis, i.e. sexual lust, but libido habitualis, i.e. a wound of the whole of human nature: Libido quae transmittit peccatum originale in prolem, non est libido actualis, quia dato quod virtute divina concederetur alicui quod nullam inordinatam libidinem in actu generationis sentiret, adhuc transmitteret in prolem originale peccatum. Sed libido illa est intelligenda habitualiter, secundum quod appetitus sensitivus non continetur sub ratione vinculo originalis iustitiae. Et talis libido in omnibus est aequalis (STh Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 3).
- ^ Non substantialiter manere concupiscentiam, sicut corpus aliquod aut spiritum; sed esse affectionem quamdam malae qualitatis, sicut est languor. (De nuptiis et concupiscentia, I, 25. 28; PL 44, 430; cf. Contra Julianum, VI, 18.53; PL 44, 854; ibid. VI, 19.58; PL 44, 857; ibid., II, 10.33; PL 44, 697; Contra Secundinum Manichaeum, 15; PL 42, 590.
- ^ Augustine wrote to Julian of Eclanum: Quis enim negat futurum fuisse concubitum, etiamsi peccatum non praecessisset? Sed futurus fuerat, sicut aliis membris, ita etiam genitalibus voluntate motis, non libidine concitatis; aut certe etiam ipsa libidine – ut non vos de illa nimium contristemus – non qualis nunc est, sed ad nutum voluntarium serviente (Contra Julianum, IV. 11. 57; PL 44, 766). See also his late work: Contra secundam Iuliani responsionem imperfectum opus, II, 42; PL 45,1160; ibid. II, 45; PL 45,1161; ibid., VI, 22; PL 45, 1550-1551. Cf.Schmitt, É. (1983). Le mariage chrétien dans l'oeuvre de Saint Augustin. Une théologie baptismale de la vie conjugale. Études Augustiniennes. Paris. p. 104.
- ^ Justo L. Gonzalez (1970-1975). A History of Christian Thought: Volume 2 (From Augustine to the eve of the Reformation). Abingdon Press.
- ^ Sexual desire is, according to bishop of Hippo, only one - though the strongest - of many physical realisations of that spiritual libido: Cum igitur sint multarum libidines rerum, tamen, cum libido dicitur neque cuius rei libido sit additur, non fere assolet animo occurrere nisi illa, qua obscenae partes corporis excitantur. Haec autem sibi non solum totum corpus nec solum extrinsecus, verum etiam intrinsecus vindicat totumque commovet hominem animi simul affectu cum carnis appetitu coniuncto atque permixto, ut ea voluptas sequatur, qua maior in corporis voluptatibus nulla est; ita ut momento ipso temporis, quo ad eius pervenitur extremum, paene omnis acies et quasi vigilia cogitationis obruatur. (De civitate Dei, XIV, 16; CCL 48, 438-439 [1-10]). See also: Schmitt, É. (1983). Le mariage chrétien dans l'oeuvre de Saint Augustin. Une théologie baptismale de la vie conjugale. Études Augustiniennes. Paris. p. 97.. See also Augustine's: De continentia, 8.21; PL 40, 363; Contra Iulianum VI, 19.60; PL 44, 859; ibid. IV, 14.65, z.2, s. 62; PL 44, 770; De Trinitate, XII, 9. 14; CCL 50, 368 [verse: IX 1-8]; De Genesi contra Manicheos, II, 9.12, s. 60 ; CSEL 91, 133 [v.31-35]).
- ^ Regeneratus quippe non regenerat filios carnis, sed generat; ac per hoc in eos non quod regeneratus, sed quod generatus est, trajicit. (De gratia Christi et de peccato originali, II, 40.45; CSEL 42, 202[23-25]; PL 44, 407.
- ^ Cf. De civitate Dei, ch. IX and XIV; On the Gospel of John, LX (Christ's feelings at the death of Lazarus, Jn 11)
- ^ J. Brachtendorf (1997). Cicero and Augustine on the Passions. p. 307. hdl:2042/23075.
- ^ "Infernum", literally "underworld," later identified as limbo.
- ^ "Limbo: Past Catholic statements on the fate of unbaptized infants, etc. who have died"[1]
- ^ Study by International Theological Commission (19 January 2007), The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die Without Being Baptized, 19-21
- ^ Study by International Theological Commission (19 January 2007), The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die Without Being Baptized, 22-25
- ^ Mark 10:14; cf. 1 Tim 2:4
- ^ Study by International Theological Commission (19 January 2007), The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die Without Being Baptized, secondary preliminary paragraph; cf. paragraph 41.
- ^ Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume XI/John Cassian/Conferences of John Cassian, Part II/Conference XIII/Chapter 11 s:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume XI/John Cassian/Conferences of John Cassian, Part II/Conference XIII/Chapter 11
- ^ a b Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, Reformation Europe (Wiley-Blackwell 1999 ISBN 978-0-631-21384-0), p. 136
- ^ a b Augustine Casiday, Tradition and Theology in St John Cassian (Oxford University Press 2007 ISBN 0-19-929718-5), p. 103
- ^ a b Conferences By John Cassian, Colm Luibhéid
- ^ a b STUDIA HISTORIAE ECCLESIASTICAE May/Mei 2009 Volume XXXV No/Nr 1
- ^ a b Lauren Pristas, The Theological Anthropology of John Cassian
- ^ A. J. Wallace, R. D. Rusk, Moral Transformation: The Original Christian Paradigm of Salvation (New Zealand: Bridgehead, 2011), pp. 284-285. ISBN 978-1-4563-8980-2
- ^ Edwin Zackrison, In the Loins of Adam (iUniverse 2004 ISBN 9780595307166), p. 73
- ^ Justo L. González, A History of Christian Thought (Abingdon Press 2010 ISBN 9781426721915), vol. 2, p. 58
- ^ In Catholic theology, the meaning of the word "concupiscence" is the movement of the sensitive appetite contrary to the operation of the human reason. The apostle St Paul identifies it with the rebellion of the 'flesh' against the 'spirit' Concupiscence stems from the disobedience of the first sin. It unsettles man's moral faculties and, without being in itself an offence, inclines man to commit sins" (Catechism of the Catholic Church, n. 2515).
- ^ Theodore G. Tappert, The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1959), 29.
- ^ Luther's Works, American edition, vol. 43, p. 40, ed. H. Lehmann, Fortress, 1968
- ^ John Calvin, The Institutes of the Christian Religion, II.1.8, LCC, 2 vols., trans. Ford Lewis Battles, ed. John T. McNeill (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1960), 251 (page 217 of CCEL edition). Cf. Institutes of the Christian Religion at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Decree 5 concerning original sin
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, 416-418
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, 357
- ^ Cardinal Christoph Schonborn, Man the Image of God
- ^ United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, "Made in the Image of God"
- ^ a b Catechism of the Catholic Church, 405
- ^ What the Catholic Church Teaches about Original Sin
- ^ Item 407 in section 126.96.36.199. Emphasis added.
- ^ Pius IX, Ineffabilis Deus (1854) quoted in Catechism of the Catholic Church, 491 [2]
- ^ Catechism of St. Philaret, questions 157
- ^ The term "ancestral sin" is also used, as in Greek προπατορικὴ ἁμαρτία (e.g. Πόλεμος και φτώχεια - η ορθόδοξη άποψη, Η νηστεία της Σαρακοστής, Πώς στράφηκε ο Λούθηρος κατά του Μοναχισμού - του Γεωργίου Φλωρόφσκυ) or προπατορικὸ ἁμάρτημα (e.g. Απαντήσεις σε ερωτήματα δογματικά - Ανδρέα Θεοδώρου, εκδ. Αποστολικής Διακονίας, 1997, σελ. 156-161, Θεοτόκος και προπατορικό αμάρτημα)
- ^ stmaryorthodoxchurch.org
- ^ See Hughes, Antony. "Ancestral Versus Original Sin: An Overview with Implications for Psychotherapy". Cambridge, Mass.: St. Mary Orthodox Church. Retrieved 2006-05-11.
- ^ John S. Romanides, "The Ancestral Sin (Zephyr Pub 2002 ISBN 978-0-9707303-1-2
- ^ While the traditional term in Latin Christiandom is "peccatum originale," with reference to the "origin" of the human race, the traditional term in Greek is "προπατορική αμαρτία" (or "προπατορικό αμάρτημα", more rarely "προγονική αμαρτία"), with reference to the "ancestor" of the human race). This is the term used also by Roman Catholics when speaking or writing in Greek.
- ^ Metropolis Basic Teachings of the Orthodox Faithby Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Archbishop Sotirios of Toronto (Canada): Original Sin and Its Consequences
- ^ Glory to God for all things [3]./
- ^ Fr. John Matusiak, http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=4&SID=3
- ^ http://www.anglicansonline.org/basics/thirty-nine_articles.html
- ^ Doctrine in the Church of England, 1938, London: SPCK; p. 64
- ^ The United Methodist Church: The Articles of Religion of the Methodist Church - Article V—Of the Sufficiency of the Holy Scriptures for Salvation
- ^ John Wesley, "A Plain Explication of the Doctrine of Imputed Sin and Imputed Righteousness"
- ^ The SDA Bible Commentary, vol.5, p.1131.
- ^ http://www.bibelschule.info/streaming/Woodrow-W.-Whidden---Adventist-Theology---The-Wesleyan-Connection_23617.pdf
- ^ a b c Gerhard Pfandl, Some thoughts on Original Sin, Biblical Research Institute
- ^ Christ's Human Nature
- ^ Questions on Doctrines Documents via Andrews University
- ^ adventistbiblicalresearch.org
- ^ a b Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom. Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society. 1993. pp. 144–145.
- ^ a b What Does the Bible Really Teach?. Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society. 2005. p. 32.
- ^ a b "The Watchtower 1973, page 724" -"Declaration and resolution", The Watchtower, December 1, 1973, page 724.
- ^ Penton, M.J. (1997). Apocalypse Delayed. University of Toronto Press. pp. 26–29. ISBN 0-8020-7973-3, 9780802079732 Check
value (help). - ^ "Angels—How They Affect Us". The Watchtower: 7. January 15, 2006.
- ^ ADAM - jw.org. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
- ^ Adam's Sin - The Time for True Submission to God - jw.org. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
- ^ Book of Mormon, 2 Nephi 2:22-25
- ^ Pearl of Great Price, Moses 5:10-11
- ^ "Chapter 6: The Fall of Adam and Eve", Gospel Principles, LDS Church, 2011, pp. 26–30
- ^ Rudd, Calvin P. (1992), "Children: Salvation of Children", in Ludlow, Daniel H, Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 268–269, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140.
- ^ Holland, Jeffrey R. (1992), "Atonement of Jesus Christ", in Ludlow, Daniel H, Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 82–86, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140.
- ^ Merrill, Byron R. (1992), "Original sin", in Ludlow, Daniel H, Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 1052–1053, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140.
- ^ Swedenborg 1749-56, p. 410: [url=http://books.google.com/books?id=U3tQJ9j_1ToC&pg=PR3&lpg=PR3&dq=Arcana+Coelestia+john+f+potts&source=bl&ots=kiaZ2hbwTG&sig=P-jzl0rzPlua-881yeIcjKLo2ZY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hW0yUKu6A6OSiAKtmoDgAw&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=ancient%20church%20adam&f=false n. 1101-1150].
- ^ Swedenborg 1749-56, p. 96, n.313: "But as to hereditary evil, the case is this. Everyone who commits actual sin thereby induces on himself a nature, and the evil from it is implanted in his children, and becomes hereditary. It thus descends from every parent, from the father, grandfather, great-grandfather, and their ancestors in succession, and is thus multiplied and augmented in each descending posterity, remaining with each person, and being increased in each by his actual sins, and never being dissipated so as to become harmless except in those who are being regenerated by the Lord. Every attentive observer may see evidence of this truth in the fact that the evil inclinations of parents remain visibly in their children, so that one family, and even an entire race, may be thereby distinguished from every other.".
- ^ Swedenborg 1749-56, p. 229, n.719:"There are evils in man which must be dispersed while he is being regenerated, that is, which must be loosened and attempered by goods; for no actual and hereditary evil in man can be so dispersed as to be abolished. It still remains implanted; and can only be so far loosened and attempered by goods from the Lord that it does not injure, and does not appear, which is an arcanum hitherto unknown. Actual evils are those which are loosened and attempered, and not hereditary evils; which also is a thing unknown.".
- ^ Swedenborg 1749-56, p. 336, n.966: "It is to be observed that in the other life no one undergoes any punishment and torture on account of his hereditary evil, but only on account of the actual evils which he himself has committed.".
- ^ "Vatican scientist says belief in God and aliens is OK". Reuters. 14 May 2008.
- ^ [4]
- ^ Catholic News Agency
- ^ Willey, David (13 May 2008). "Vatican says aliens could exist". BBC News.
- ^ "Is there anybody out there?". BBC News. 5 March 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
- ^ Declaration by the Director of the Press Office of the Holy See, Reverend Father Federico Lombardi, S.J. Retrieved 22 February 2009]
- ^ Fox, Robin Lane (2006). The unauthorized version : truth and fiction in the Bible. London: Penguin. ISBN 9780141022963.
- Brachtendorf, J. (1997). "Cicero and Augustine on the Passions". Revue des Etudes Augustiniennes (Paris: Institut d'études augustiniennes) 43: 289–308.
- Catechism, U.S. Catholic Church (2003). Catechism of the Catholic Church : with modifications from the Editio Typica. (2nd ed.). New York: Doubleday. ISBN 9780385508193.
- Kelly, J.N.D. (2000). Early Christian doctrines (5th rev. ed. ed.). London: Continuum. ISBN 9780826452528.
- ODCC, ed. by Frank Leslie Cross; Elizabeth A. Livingstone (2005). "Original sin". The Oxford dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd rev. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192802903.
- Swedenborg, Emanuel; Trans. by John F. Potts (1749-56). Arcana Coelestia, Vol. 1 of 8 (2008 Reprint ed.). Forgotten Books. ISBN 9781606201077.
- Trapè, Agostino (1987). S. Agostino, introduzione alla dottrina della grazia. Collana di Studi Agostiniani 4. I - Natura e Grazia. Roma: Nuova Biblioteca agostiniana. p. 422. ISBN 88-311-3402-7.
- Turner, H.E.W. The patristic doctrine of redemption : a study of the development of doctrine during the first five centuries / by H.E.W. Turner. (2004 Reprint ed.). Eugene, Or.: Wipf & Stock Publishers. ISBN 9781592449309.
- Wallace, A.J.; R. D. Rusk (2010). Moral transformation : the original Christian paradigm of salvation. New Zealand: Bridgehead Publishing. ISBN 9781456389802.
External links[edit]
- Article "Original Sin" in Catholic Encyclopedia
- The Book of Concord The Defense of the Augsburg Confession, Article II: Of Original Sin; from an early Protestant perspective, part of the Augsburg Confession.
- Original Sin According To St. Paul by John S. Romanides
- Ancestral Versus Original Sin by Father Antony Hughes, St. Mary Antiochian Orthodox Church, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Original Sin by Michael Bremmer
- Catholicism
- Creed5, Council of Trent (June 17, 1546). "Canones et Decreta Dogmatica Concilii Tridentini: Fifth Session, Decree concerning Original Sin". at www.ccel.org. More than one of
specified (help)


text:
Blog Archives
The World's Ugliest Woman
When she was in high school, Lizzie Velasquez was dubbed "The World's Ugliest Woman" in an 8-second-long YouTube video. Born with a medical condition so rare that just two other people in the world are thought to have it, Velasquez has no adipose tissue and cannot create muscle, store energy, or gain weight. She has zero percent body fat and weighs just 60 pounds.
In the comments on YouTube, viewers called her "it" and "monster" and encouraged her to kill herself. Instead, Velasquez set four goals: To become a motivational speaker, to publish a book, to graduate college, and to build a family and a career for herself.
Now 23 years old, she's been a motivational speaker for seven years and has given more than 200 workshops on embracing uniqueness, dealing with bullies, and overcoming obstacles. She's a senior majoring in Communications at Texas State University in San Marcos, where she lives with her best friend. Her first book, "Lizzie Beautiful," came out in 2010 winning the hearts of many around the world and her second, "Be Beautiful, Be You," was published earlier September and In 2013 she's hoping to write her third book.
"The stares are what I'm really dealing with in public right now," she told Dr. Drew Pinsky in an interview on CNN's Headline News. But I think I'm getting to the point where…
instead of sitting by and watching people judge me, I'm starting to want to go up to these people and introduce myself or give them my card and say, 'Hi, I'm Lizzie. Maybe you should stop staring and start learning'."
Velasquez was born in San Antonio, Texas; she was four weeks premature and weighed just 2 pounds, 10 ounces.
"They told us they had no idea how she could have survived," her mother, Rita, 45, told the Daily Mail. " We had to buy dolls' clothes from the toy store because baby clothes were too big." Doctors warned Rita and her husband, Lupe, that their oldest child would never be able to walk or talk, let alone live a normal life. (Her two younger siblings were not affected by the syndrome.)
Instead, she has thrived. Her internal organs, brain, and bones developed normally, though her body is tiny. Since she has no fatty tissue in which to store nutrients, she has to eat every 15 to 20 minutes to have enough energy to get through the day. One brown eye started clouding over when she was 4 years old, and now she's blind in that eye and has only limited sight in the other.
source: blindfold
Chinese Cat-Boy Can See Perfectly in the Dark
If you ever doubted real X-Men were among us, check out the neat super-power of Nong Youhui, a young Chinese boy who can see in total darkness.
Riddick, the cool antihero played by Vin Diesel in Pitch Black and The Chronicles of Riddick is one of my all-time favorite sci-fi movie characters, but I never dreamed of someday reading about somebody who could actually see in the dark. The first news about a little Chinese child with cat-like eyes who could see in the dark as well as normal people see in clear daylight, first broke out in 2009. Doctors who examined little Nong Youhui said he was born with a rare condition known as luekodermia, which leaves his eyes exposed to sunlight damage, but also allow him to see clearly in the dark.
An eye-specialist recently visited the boy, in his home village, in China's Guanxi province, to examine his unusual eyes. the first thing he noticed when he arrived was that Nong's eyes were light blue just like Westerners, but very unusual for Asians. He became even more intrigued when he noticed that when shined upon with a flashlight, the boy's eyes would emit a kind of blue-green light, just like a cat's. As it turned out, his eyes not only looked liked a feline's they also allowed him to see and even read perfectly in total darkness.
Nong Shihua, the boy's father, says two months after he was born, he was told there was something strange about Youhui's eyes, but when they went to a hospital, the doctor told them not to worry, and that his eyes would be fine when he grew up. His eyes remained the same, but since they didn't seem to bother the boy, his family began to care less and less about this abnormality. He would go to school, play outside with other kids, and pretty much everything else young boys his age do, but one day, a teacher noticed something peculiar – Youhui squinted his eyes in bright light and complained about blurry vision. Then one of the boy's playmates told him his eyes were like a cat's and that really got him intrigued.
The teacher shinned a flashlight and Nong Youhui's eyes flashed back, just like a feline's. He asked him if he could see in the dark, and the boy said yes. Then one night he invited him to catch crickets at night, and the Nong told him he didn't need a flashlight to see the bugs. When rumors about his unusual gift spread, many reporters came and performed all kinds of tests to see if he was for real. They blocked out all light and had him answer some questions in the dark, while others showed him a series of playing cards, to see if he could recognize them. He past all tests, and his reputation of Cat-boy, Starchild, or real-life mutant kept growing.
Time-lapse Images of Nude Dancers Created with 10,000 Individual Photographs
NY-based photographer Shinichi Maruyama created these lovely photographs using nearly 10,000 individual photographs of a nude dancer in motion. The abstract images remind me of Japanese ink wash painting, as if the figures were cread by the stroke of a thick brush, which is not unsuprising considering Maruyama's previous work with water sculptures. Of the photos Shin says:
I tried to capture the beauty of both the human body's figure and its motion. The figure in the image, which is formed into something similar to a sculpture, is created by combining 10,000 individual photographs of a dancer. By putting together uninterrupted individual moments, the resulting image as a whole will appear to be something different from what actually exists. With regard to these two viewpoints, a connection can be made to a human being's perception of presence in life.
Hungarian artist creates impossible-looking sculptures from pencils
An artist's eye always sees things, as humble as a pencil, in a much different way than the others. While pencil is a mere writing and drawing instrument for most of us, artists such as Dalton Ghetti use them to create wonderful pieces of complex art for the rest of us to admire. Another artist, specializing in miniature artworks, is a Budapest-based artist and sculptor known by the name of Cerkahegyzo.
The sculptor, whose tools are nothing more than small carving tools, fine blades, needles, sandpaper and files, uses the wood and lead of a pencil as the base and body of the sculptures. Paying homage to Ghetti, the artist has also replicated his sculpture of heart, screw and linked chains. Other than this, the artist has also managed to pull off some impossible-looking pencil art sculptures.
source: ecochunk.com


text:
Discovering that it was Meg who terminated the White Stripes, while Jack would have gone on indefinitely, has totally changed my reading of the lyrics. Like his divorce is a red herring and the subject of a song like Missing Pieces is actually Meg. Maybe this is the common reading but I listened to a review copy a lot before I found out how the split went down.
― And I have been called "The Appetite" (DL), Thursday, 26 April 2012 09:00 (1 year ago) Permalink
Quite like it so far.
― EveningStar (Sund4r), Thursday, 26 April 2012 09:06 (1 year ago) Permalink
sounds like a series of sketches, interspersed with back of fag packet moments.
― For bodies we are ready to build pyramids (whatever), Thursday, 26 April 2012 14:30 (1 year ago) Permalink
I wasnt such a big fan of the 2nd Raconteurs album, though it had its moments, but I'm probably the only person who has a soft spot for the 2nd Dead Weather album
― when will Jesus bring the composition chops? (loves laboured breathing), Thursday, 26 April 2012 14:35 (1 year ago) Permalink
xp to Vegemite Grrrl
― when will Jesus bring the composition chops? (loves laboured breathing), Thursday, 26 April 2012 14:36 (1 year ago) Permalink
INSIDE LOOK: Jack White & Gary Oldman - Amex UNSTAGED
A live + Digital Music Experience April 27 9pm EST
― nicky lo-fi, Friday, 27 April 2012 16:07 (1 year ago) Permalink
Discovering that it was Meg who terminated the White Stripes, while Jack would have gone on indefinitely, has totally changed my reading of the lyrics
she quit in the middle of a tour iirc?
― heavy is the head that eats the crayons (Shakey Mo Collier), Friday, 27 April 2012 16:08 (1 year ago) Permalink
like, it doesn't get more obvious than that
Ha, well I can't have been following it too closely then.
― And I have been called "The Appetite" (DL), Friday, 27 April 2012 17:00 (1 year ago) Permalink
huh yeah i didn't know meg quit
― l0u1s j0rdan (upper mississippi sh@kedown), Friday, 27 April 2012 17:17 (1 year ago) Permalink
iirc it was around the same time that a rumored sex tape of Meg was circulating (it was, not surprisingly, fake)
― heavy is the head that eats the crayons (Shakey Mo Collier), Friday, 27 April 2012 17:48 (1 year ago) Permalink
Now I know why you were following Meg's activities so closely.
― And I have been called "The Appetite" (DL), Saturday, 28 April 2012 08:18 (1 year ago) Permalink
― Fellini.Kuti, Saturday, 28 April 2012 08:33 (1 year ago) Permalink
I think there was some common agreement about the split.
Didn't the White stripes reconvene and carry on after Meg's break?
― Mark G, Saturday, 28 April 2012 11:53 (1 year ago) Permalink
I suppose being an obsessive blues fan means rewriting the influences into nuevo misogynist bilge.
cuz "Sixteen Saltines" is crap.
― Exile in lolville (Alfred, Lord Sotosyn), Saturday, 28 April 2012 12:01 (1 year ago) Permalink
the whole show is up, and it's not bad. it starts about 10 minutes in.
the setlist:
with the girls backing
Dead Leaves And The Dirty GroundMissing PiecesFreedom At 21Love InterruptionHotel YorbaTwo Against OneTop YourselfI'm Slowly Turning Into YouBlue Blood BluesTake Me With You When You Go
with the boys backing
Sixteen SaltinesI Cut Like A BuffaloWeep Themselves To SleepTrash Tongue TalkerYou Know That I KnowWe're Going To Be FriendsHypocritical KissHello OperatorCarolina DramaSeven Nation Army
favorite misogynist moment is in "Top Yoursef," where he growls:
"How you gonna rock yourself to sleep, when I give up that midnight creep, girl...Yeah how you gonna get that deep, when your daddy ain't around to give it to you..."
― nicky lo-fi, Sunday, 29 April 2012 23:16 (1 year ago) Permalink
Finally picked this up - it's a lot better than I expected. Really love the middle group of songs, Love Interruption, Blunderbuss, Weep Themselves to Sleep ...the piano and slightly, I dunno, honky-tonk/country-fied approach really suits him.
I feel like he's still got a lot of artifice in his songwriting that he needs to get rid of. He feels too self conscious still or soemthing, like he's trying to prove something with his songs. I think if that ever goes away and he writes from the heart he'll be incredible.
― Peppermint Patty Hearst (VegemiteGrrl), Tuesday, 8 May 2012 21:40 (1 year ago) Permalink
I like the artifice, at this stage in the game a rich white guy playing blues-rock is about as artificial as you can get so he might as well play around with it.
This is a pretty good album, better than the Dead Weather at least, I agree that middle section is the strongest, although I need to give it time to sink in a bit more.
― Homosexual Satan Wasp (Matt DC), Wednesday, 9 May 2012 07:41 (1 year ago) Permalink
i think Get Behind Me Satan was pretty from the heart tbh. in fact i think most of jack's stuff is from the heart. its just that jack's got a weird heart.
― It was you. Miming to Tenacious D. (stevie), Wednesday, 9 May 2012 07:51 (1 year ago) Permalink
I don't like thinking about artifice vs "from the heart" as a binary anyway but I think it's especially unhelpful with this record. The whole album is clearly about the emotions following a split with his bandmate and/or his wife, only dressed up in fantastical narratives.
― Get wolves (DL), Wednesday, 9 May 2012 13:03 (1 year ago) Permalink
he's a fraud cuz that one song sounds like the beginning of 'heart shaped box'
― Poliopolice, Wednesday, 9 May 2012 19:37 (1 year ago) Permalink
i think that binary is unhelpful with jack in general because he is a uniquely self-aware artist who nevertheless writes from a very wounded and self-involved perspective. every time i've interviewed him i've marveled at how he seems, simultaneously, unaffected and yet playing me as an interviewer. he is sharp as heck. i don't think this album is as 'plainly' about the split from karen/meg as you suggest, but i also think that's a prime motivator. the thing with jack white is, you never quite know when he's cluing you into how john gillis really feels. that's part of his magic, why he's more interesting than, say, the potatoes in the black keys.
― It was you. Miming to Tenacious D. (stevie), Wednesday, 9 May 2012 20:38 (1 year ago) Permalink
Jack White is not a sexist!
― go down on you in a thyatrr (Alfred, Lord Sotosyn), Wednesday, 30 May 2012 21:02 (1 year ago) Permalink
"Jack White... not... a... sexist. Got it."
― Mordy, Wednesday, 30 May 2012 21:52 (1 year ago) Permalink
This was a better response to the Jessica Misener article imo
― Get wolves (DL), Thursday, 31 May 2012 08:59 (1 year ago) Permalink
certainly not since Dylan has an artist played with our perceptions the way that White does
― Ward Fowler, Thursday, 31 May 2012 09:10 (1 year ago) Permalink
Not to mention that White, né Gillis, did something the overwhelming majority of men are too threatened by women to do: he took his wife's surname.
Where did he take it?
― Mark G, Thursday, 31 May 2012 09:30 (1 year ago) Permalink
xp Yes well I'm not cosigning every line but I like the gist. I thought Misener's argument relied on cherrypicking, misreading and faulty information.
― Get wolves (DL), Thursday, 31 May 2012 09:30 (1 year ago) Permalink
I think the article is fine, just pondering JWhite's 'use' of his wife's surname: Where did that happen?
― Mark G, Thursday, 31 May 2012 09:42 (1 year ago) Permalink
Um, all the time? He calls himself Jack White, after Meg White. Or are you thinking of Karen Elson?
― Get wolves (DL), Thursday, 31 May 2012 09:52 (1 year ago) Permalink
Well, yeah I was.
― Mark G, Thursday, 31 May 2012 09:54 (1 year ago) Permalink
OK, being 'pka' is not the same as actually taking yr wife's surname in marriage.
― Mark G, Thursday, 31 May 2012 09:55 (1 year ago) Permalink


text:
Host connectivity and emulation through local clients or the web
IBM® Host Access Client Package enables you to access host applications through a local client or the web. It offers a migration path from traditional emulation to browser-based emulation, and supports TN5250, TN3270E, VT52/100/220/420 and IBM CICS® (Customer Information Control System) applications. Host Access Client Package includes two functionally rich products in a single package: IBM Personal Communications for traditional emulation and IBM Rational® Host On-Demand for Java® emulation.
With Host Access Client Package, you can use your existing investments to gain competitive advantage.
- Delivers two powerful applications in one package to give you flexible access to host applications for multiple types of users.
- Provides flexible host access to traditional users, while also providing web access to remote and mobile users.
- Supports multiple host platforms, technologies and protocols.
- Provides market-leading tools so you can take advantage of your existing investments.
Delivers two powerful applications in one package
- Personal Communications is a Microsoft® Windows® emulator that provides access to host applications and data.
- Rational Host On-Demand provides secure, browser access to host applications and data with browser-based emulation.
- Simplified licensing of one price per user gives you a faster return on investment.
Provides flexible host access
- Addresses the needs of traditional power users and provides web access to mobile employees or business partners.
- Provides thin client technology to distribute host access capability to remote users, as well as users in intranet and extranet environments.
- Offers application programming interface (API) support for customized host access.
Supports multiple host platforms
- Enables access to applications and data residing on IBM i, IBM System z®, and DEC UNIX® virtual terminal hosts for traditional web users in systems network architecture (SNA) and intranet environments.
- Supports VT52, VT100, VT220, VT420, SNA, advanced program-to-program communications (APPC), High-Performance Routing (HPR), FTP and other related technologies.
Provides market-leading tools
- Includes a rich Java toolset to help you rapidly create web-based host-access applications for your host systems.
- Solves the problem of transporting SNA applications over an IP network with SNA over IP capabilities.
- Provides multiple security options for host access, including support for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS) and a secure FTP client.
Host Access Client Package resources
Announcement letter: Host Access Client Package
Read about the latest release of the Host Access Client Package.
Host Access Client Package
Host connectivity and emulation through local clients or the web
IBM Software Subscription and Support is included in the product price for the first year.
Not available to purchase online. Other ways to purchase or learn more.
Contact IBM
- Request a quote
- E-mail IBM
- Or call us at: 19426
Priority code: 109HG03W
System requirements
Refer to the Hardware and software requirements for each of the products in this bundle.
Operating System | Software | Hardware |
Other | IBM Personal Communications V6.0 IBM Rational Host On-Demand V11.0 |
Related software
Application lifecycle management
- Application development
- Application Time Facility for z/OS
- ARCAD-Rational Power Pack
- Host Access Client Package
- HourGlass
- IBM Domino Designer
- IBM ILOG DB Link
- IBM ILOG Elixir Enterprise
- IBM ILOG JViews Enterprise
- IBM ILOG JViews Maps for Defense
- IBM ILOG JViews Telecom Graphic Objects
- ISPF Productivity Tool for z/OS
- Mathematical Acceleration Subsystem for Linux
- Merge Tool for z/OS and OS/390
- Migration Utility for z/OS
- Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software
- Rational Business Developer
- Rational Dashboard
- Rational Data and Application Modeling Bundle
- Rational Developer for System z
- Rational EGL Community Edition
- Rational Elite Support for Eclipse
- Rational Host Access Transformation Services
- Rational Host Integration Solution
- Rational Host On-Demand
- Rational Modeler
- TPF Toolkit
- VisualAge Generator
Considering a purchase?
Contact IBM
Considering a purchase?
- E-mail IBM
- Request a quote
- Or call us at: 19426
Priority code: 109HG03W


text:
To Your Health: Alcohol May Reduce Rheumatoid Arthritis
Need an excuse to raise a glass? A new study finds that alcohol may reduce both the severity of rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of getting it in the first place. But don't overdo it: more research is needed, and excessive drinking can do more harm than good.


text:
Theme trails
Alpine Farming and Nature Theme Trail
This memorable experience for both young and old is an exciting way to discover nature and its contexts as well as learn about the lifestyle and activities of the Alpine farmers.
Guggerwäg Wildlife Theme Trail
Along this trail you will discover all sorts of interesting facts about the life and habits of the "Gugger" (cuckoo) and other species of bird, about the purpose of the no-hunting area and insights into the animals who live
Ein Naturschauspiel das seinem Namen alle Ehre macht: Der Wildwasserweg folgt romantischen Bächen, tosenden Wasserfällen und sich in die Tiefe stürzenden Wassern von der Griesalp hinunter ins Kiental. Erleben Sie die Kraft des Wassers in seiner ursprünglichsten Art.
Legendary Trails
In bygone days, horrible things must have happened in the Kiental valley! There's talk of lightning and rock slides, phantoms and murder. At least that's what the legends say. Go and check it all out for yourself as you hike along the Kiental legendary trails from alp to alp, and from one mythical setting to the other.
Sculpture walk Kiental
This short and easy walk presents the sculptures, which have been made by wellknown artists during the UN year of the water in 2003.
Botanical path "Stierebärgli"
Circular walk in the protected nature area of Stock-Sunnbüel with views into the Gasteretal and Kandersteg.
Loetschberger Trail
Train buffs will love this hike. When the Lötschberg Train was installed in 1913, it was not only the first electrified train in the Alps but was also considered one of the boldest designs in this part of the world. The segment Kandersteg-Kandergrund is especially interesting since the train had to manage a vertical ascent of 300 meters in only a few kilometers.


text:
10 Day DCA Leopard hunt available for SA hunterLast Post By: lbgsafarisReplies: 9 Posted: May 22nd at: 01:00 PM |
Bushpig Hunting Opportunity ( Shoot as many as you find for free)Last Post By: lbgsafarisReplies: 4 Posted: May 21st at: 11:45 PM |
DISCOUNTED LEOPARD HUNT FOR PRIME DATES AND AREA ZIMBABWE 2013Last Post By: no1waterdogReplies: 9 Posted: May 21st at: 10:20 AM |
Namibia Hunting Season BeginsLast Post By: blueyReplies: 11 Posted: May 21st at: 01:38 PM |
South Africa's Protected Area Act of 2003 Hurts Wildlife & HabitatsLast Post By: enysseReplies: 2 Posted: May 14th at: 11:04 AM |
· · · Hunting Pictures - Worldwide 1668 photos 150 comments |
· · · Hunting Pictures - Africa 9965 photos 1511 comments |
· · · Pictures - Other 1882 photos 51 comments |
· · · Pictures - Other 1882 photos 51 comments |
· · · Hunting Pictures - Africa 9965 photos 1511 comments |
· · · Hunting Pictures - Africa 9965 photos 1511 comments |
· · · Trail Cam Pictures 3409 photos 14 comments |
· · · Nature & Wildlife Pictures - Africa 7381 photos 122 comments |
Very nice story. What an adventure to be able to share with your wife. The experience sounds priceless.
At-ta boy Jacques.
Y'all confirmed my suspicions. After my friend told me about this money making idea, I informed him that I knew where I could get the correct information. Of course the AH community is who I thought...
Stretch Today, 05:14 AMThis will probably be an upopular opinion here but it is what I believe.
I do disagree with much of what Joubert said. The fact that they would rather kill the lion than take a chance of it being...
Thanks guys for the comments. A return trip is already in the works.
BnC 04 Today, 04:38 AM3 more...
Some big Baboon group running around in our area (Magalies Mountains Produce some big lads), LUCKY not on our ground but a few farm away, they seem to just love "lusern" fields as we see them every...
Bos en Dal Safari's Today, 02:50 AM
Why Hunt Wild Cats: Arguments Previously Made By USFWS and African Nations
by John J. Jackson III, Conservation Force
Two Cape Buffalo Die Fighting
These two Cape Buffalo were found dead in Mountain Zebra National Park (South Africa) after apparently battling and their horns became
Two Kudu Die Fighting
Here are the skeletal remains of two Kudus that died from becoming interlocked while fighting.
Thanks to Jeff Goodall for sharing this picture


text:
I'm really keen to get a new board, love the whole Firewire vibe, though am considering my options!
I'm pretty new to surfing, been doing it around 3 years, but only get to go 10-15 times a year due to location in UK.
I'm an advanced level skateboarder and snowboarder (over 20 years experience), surfing wise I've been riding Mini Mals (7' 6" & 7' 3") and I get most waves I go for, and am starting to travel across the line both ways, though the waves I've been riding recently close out pretty quick.
In the right waves (Sri Lanka) due to my skating experience as soon as I was up on the wave everything made sense and I felt totally comfortable, though this was a while ago and I didn't try to turn much.
I'm from the UK, the waves we get are relatively small and usually messy, though planning a trip to Barbados later in the year.
I'm 39, 82.5kg / 182 lbs, relatively fit.
I've posted this in the Dominator section, but that's only because there wasn't a 'General' board sections, I would consider any Firewire.
Any advice would be greatly appreciated.


text:
Smart Woman: Safety Concern For X-Rays and CT Scans For Children
By: Lane Stone
Updated: May 9, 2012
Dr. Samara Friedman is a pediatric orthopedist who specializes in children's fractures and sports injuries.
She needs to order X-rays and scans to treat her patients but she tries to keep radiation levels to a minimum.
Friedman said, "I think its important to limit that exposure while still getting the information we need from those tests."
The Food and Drug Administration is taking steps to minimize how much radiation children get. The FDA is urging manufacturers to design new scanners with children's safety in mind. The concern is that too much exposure may increase the risk of cancer later in life.
The FDA is also calling on parents to do more to cut down on unnecessary radiation. The agency advises parents to ask why a test is needed and whether there are radiation-free alternatives.
6 year old Anastasia Vandine has cerebral palsy and will need a lot of scans in her life. Her parents are aware of the risks.
Her father Arthur Palmer said,"Just rely on the doctor they're supposed to be trustworthy.
Doctors say radiation imaging is a necessary tool, as long as it's not overused.
The FDA is also working on new safety training materials for doctors and technicians who administer X-rays and scans to children.