text:
Posted 1:30 am Saturday, May 12, 2012
Iowa Holding Company Could Take Over Railroad
By BETTY WATERS
Staff Writer
Staff Writer
PALESTINE -- A company with experience running both passenger and freight trains will assume operation of the Texas State Railroad if conditions for the transfer are met and is expected in time to broaden operation of the tourist train to include rail freight business.
Iowa Pacific Holdings LLC would buy railroad stock of the current operator, American Heritage Railways Inc., and take over operation of the tourist train that runs between Rusk and Palestine if conditions on both sides are ironed out. The transaction is anticipated to be finalized in 60 to 90 days.
Iowa Pacific is a holding company based in Chicago with properties across North America and the United Kingdom. In addition to freight operations, it operates passenger trains.
The Texas State Railroad Authority board, an entity that oversees operation of the railroad, voted Thursday to conditionally support an agreement between Iowa Pacific and American Heritage.
The support is subject to due diligence, a check on financial information on Iowa Pacific, some clerical work, completion of a lease on a section of track between the railroad and a connection with Union Pacific and application to the Surface Transportation Board for permission to start using that connection for freight rail.
"It (the transfer to a new operator) is a good thing for both the railroad and for the East Texas community," Steve Presley, chairman of the Texas State Railroad Authority board, said.
"We're looking forward to working with them (Iowa Pacific) because they bring a new dimension to the railroad that we don't now have, which is the freight rail business, which should be good for economic development reasons."
More companies nationwide are looking to rail for transportation of goods for long distances because it's much cheaper than sending goods across country by truck because of high fuel prices, Presley said.
As the rail business builds, more and more companies will be interested in being in locations where they can have a rail siding, he predicted.
Ed Ellis, president of Iowa Pacific, issued the following a statement: "We are very excited about this opportunity to build on the substantial achievements that American Heritage has made, in cooperation with the Texas State Railroad Authority, in improving the Texas State Railroad's infrastructure and in developing the tourist ridership."
He added, "It is our intention to continue this progress by further developing passenger service, reconnecting the railroad with the national rail network at Palestine and implementing freight service."
Ellis told the authority board that it might take 10 years to build up the freight business and that his company will try to develop clients.
After Ellis met with the authority board, Presley said, "To the best of my knowledge, everybody was very pleased with the opportunity it (the transaction) presents."
Allen Harper, chief executive officer of American Heritage Railways, said, "We have had a tremendous experience developing the Texas State Railroad and appreciate all the assistance we have enjoyed from the Texas State Railroad Authority and from local communities in this process."
The Texas State Railroad is the only historic steam train left operating in Texas on a regular basis.
It is important to recognize that without American Heritage, Presley said, "We wouldn't be here ... we would have never gotten this far, but things have changed for them and things are different from what we guessed they would be in the beginning so now it's a better fit for this other company to come in."
Jeffrey D. Jackson, senior vice president and chief operating officer for American Heritage Railways, said, "There's always been a goal to develop the passenger business through special events and we've accomplished that."
He added, "There's also been the goal to develop the freight business. We've just come to the realization that we're passenger rail specialists. We've developed that side of the business and Iowa Pacific are freight rail specialists. It's just time for us to turn it over to a freight operator that can focus on that side of the business and completely develop Texas State Railroad so that it has both sides -- both freight and passenger business."
When American Heritage took over operation of Texas State Railroad from the state, it was losing about $2 million a year and had about 40,000 paying customers. By 2011, the company had brought the railroad to a near break-even situation. Ridership under American Heritage peaked in 2010 with 82,000 riders.
"We just came to the realization that the best way for the railroad to succeed and the best way for Texas State Railroad to be viable long-term was to also develop the freight side of the business," Jackson said. "It just seemed like a good time to bring Texas State Railroad and Iowa Pacific together."
Jackson continued, "We're very proud that we played a role in preserving the Texas State Railroad. Ultimately the goal of Al Harper, who is owner of the company, is to make a difference in preserving historic operations around the country and now I think when history looks at what our role was, it will be viewed as a significant role. It's just the right time to bring in Iowa Pacific and let them build on the passenger business that we developed and hopefully be equally successful with the development of freight business."
The deal may not go through if the authority cannot figure out a way to spend another $150,000 on clean-up of a diesel spill at the Rusk depot, Presley said, yet expressed optimism that the authority will find a source of funding.
American Heritage already has spent about $240,000 on the clean-up, Presley estimated, saying the total cost could run considerably higher.
"We've been able to figure a way to do things in the past. We've had legislators that were very helpful to us and interested in the railroad and saw the benefit of having us continue to operate," Presley said.
Officials are talking with various agencies in Austin, such as the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, to determine the availability of funds to help with the spill clean-up cost.
American Heritage had no responsibility and was not at fault in the spill event, Jackson said, because it occurred due to a dilapidated fueling system underneath the ground that was designed and built by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department when the state ran the railroad. The state turned it over to the Texas State Railroad Authority and the authority subleased it to the company, Jackson noted.
American Heritage has gone about working on the clean-up and wants to be reimbursed for funds expended, Jackson said. Although the authority board approved funds to complete the clean-up Thursday, Jackson said, it did not take any action on reimbursing the company for funds already spent.
It is a coincidence that the spill issue arose during the time that negotiations have been under way on the change of operators for the railroad, Jackson said.
"We were already in discussion of the transition with Iowa Pacific before the spill occurred," he said.
Harper, owner of American Heritage Railways, had threatened in early February to shut down the railroad because of financial problems, but a few weeks later reversed his position and pledged to continue operating the Texas State Railway through 2012.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Deadly Accident Kills Two in Pope County
By: KARK
Updated: November 22, 2012
Two people are dead after a wreck in Pope County.
34-year-old James Killer and 32-year-old Nicole Tackett died when the pickup they were riding in crashed just before 1:00 a.m. this morning.
It happened on Highway 27.
An initial report by the Arkansas State Police says the pickup failed to negotiate a curve and left the road, striking a tree.
The driver and passenger died on the scene.
Investigators do not think they were wearing seatbelts.


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Woman and child rescued from river
20:05, Jan 27 2013
A woman and her two-year-old son were rescued from the River Thames tonight, emergency crews said.
The boy had fallen through open railings into the water when his 34-year-old mother jumped in after him, a spokesman for Chiswick Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) said.
Both mother and child were taken to hospital following the rescue operation in Isleworth, west London.
They were described as "very cold" but did not appear to be seriously hurt, London Ambulance said. A London Ambulance spokeswoman said: "We were called just before 5pm to reports of a mother and child in the river at Bridge Wharf Road, Isleworth.
"We sent an ambulance crew, single responder in a car, a manager and our hazardous area response team (HART) to the scene.
Story continues
"The first of our staff arrived in just over three minutes of the call coming into our control room.
"HART - a team of specialist medics trained to treat people in difficult circumstances - lowered ropes to the patients who were then helped to safety by the RNLI. Both patients, a woman reported to be 34 years old and her two-year-old son, were very cold but did not appear to have any other injuries. They were taken to West Middlesex hospital as a priority."
London Fire and Rescue service, London Ambulance, the Metropolitan Police and Chiswick RNLI were involved in the rescue operation.
A spokesman for Chiswick RNLI said: "The London Ambulance Service was nearby and managed to throw a line to the woman before the lifeboat crew arrived seven minutes later from Chiswick and got them out.
"When our crew arrived the baby was crying and mother was able to confirm that no one else had fallen in. They both seemed to be fine but they had been in the water 10 minutes and it was eight feet deep, so it was a very hazardous situation."
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text:
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: The article lacks proper structure and needs to be reorganised and rewritten according to Wikipedia Standards. (December 2012) |
Lymphoma | |
Classification and external resources | |
Follicular lymphoma replacing a lymph node |
MedlinePlus | 000580 000581 |
MeSH | D008223 |
Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that occurs when B or T lymphocytes,[1] the white blood cells that form a part of the immune system and help protect the body from infection and disease, divide faster than normal cells or live longer than they are supposed to. Lymphoma may develop in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, blood or other organs[2] and eventually they form a tumor.[1]
Typically, lymphoma presents as a solid tumor of lymphoid cells. Treatment might involve chemotherapy and in some cases radiotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation, and lymphomas can be curable depending on the histology, type, and stage of the disease.[3] These malignant cells often originate in lymph nodes, presenting as an enlargement of the node (a tumor). It can also affect other organs in which case it is referred to as extranodal lymphoma. Extranodal sites include the skin, brain, bowels and bone. Lymphomas are closely related to lymphoid leukemias, which also originate in lymphocytes but typically involve only circulating blood and the bone marrow (where blood cells are generated in a process termed haematopoesis) and do not usually form static tumors.[3] There are many types of lymphomas, and in turn, lymphomas are a part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms.
Contents |
Signs and symptoms[edit]
Lymphoma presents with certain non-specific symptoms. If symptoms are persistent, lymphoma needs to be excluded medically.
- Lymphadenopathy[2][4] or swelling of lymph nodes - It is the primary presentation in lymphoma.
- B symptoms - Can be associated with both Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. They consist of:
- Other Symptoms :
Lymphoma can be diagnosed by-[5]
Immunophenotyping plays a major role in diagnosis. Histopathological findings of the various types of lymphoma are given in the table in the next section. A number of various classification systems exist for lymphoma. As an alternative to the American Lakes-Butler classification, in the early 1970s, Karl Lennert of Kiel, Germany, proposed a new system of classifying lymphomas based on cellular morphology and their relationship to cells of the normal peripheral lymphoid system.[6]
Some forms of lymphoma are categorized as indolent (e.g. small lymphocytic lymphoma), compatible with a long life even without treatment, whereas other forms are aggressive (e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma), causing rapid deterioration and death. However, most of the aggressive lymphomas respond well to treatment and are curable. The prognosis therefore depends on the correct diagnosis and classification of the disease, which is established after examination of a biopsy by a pathologist (usually a hematopathologist).[7]
Thomas Hodgkin published the first description of lymphoma in 1832, specifically of the form named after him, Hodgkin's lymphoma.[8] Since then, many other forms of lymphoma have been described, grouped under several proposed classifications. The 1982 Working formulation became very popular. It introduced the category non-Hodgkin lymphoma, divided into 16 diseases. However, because these lymphomas have little in common with each other, the NHL label is of limited usefulness for doctors or patients and is slowly being abandoned. The latest classification by the WHO (2008) lists 70 forms of lymphoma divided into four broad groups.[9]
Hodgkin's disease has a bimodal distribution, occurring most commonly at ages 15–34 years and above 50 years. It is generally asymptomatic and presents with painless lymphadenopathy, usually in the cervical region. There are four main histological subtypes of Hodgkin's: lymphocyte predominant, mixed cellularity, nodular sclerotic and lymphocyte depleted. Nodular sclerotic Hodgkin's occurs most commonly in young adult patients. Staging of Hodgkin's is based on the Ann Arbor classification, which is defined by lymph node involvement above and below the diaphragm and the presence of B symptoms (fever, night sweats or unexplained weight loss). Overall 10-year prognosis is good, but the presence of B symptoms is associated with adverse outcome.
Although older classifications referred to histiocytic lymphomas, these are recognized in newer classifications as of B, T or NK cell lineage. True histiocytic malignancies are rare and are classified as sarcomas.[10]
Working formulation[edit]
The 1996 Working Formulation is a classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It excluded the Hodgkin lymphomas and divided the remaining lymphomas into four grades (Low, Intermediate, High, and Miscellaneous) related to prognosis, with some further subdivisions based on the size and shape of affected cells. This purely histological classification included no information about cell surface markers, or genetics, and it made no distinction between T-cell lymphomas or B-cell lymphomas.
It was widely accepted at the time of its publication but is now obsolete.[11] It was superseded by subsequent classifications (see below) but it is still used by cancer agencies for compilation of lymphoma statistics and historical rate comparisons.
In the mid 1990s,the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) Classification attempted to apply immunophenotypic and genetic features in identifying distinct clinicopathologic entities among all the lymphomas except Hodgkin's lymphoma.[12] REAL has been superseded by the WHO classification. REAL & WHO •B-cell neoplasms –precursor –mature •T-cell neoplasms –precursor –mature •Hodgkin lymphoma •Non-HodgkinLymphomas
World Health Organization[edit]
The WHO Classification, published in 2001 and updated in 2008,[9][10] is the latest classification of lymphoma and is based upon the foundations laid within the "Revised European-American Lymphoma classification" (REAL). This system attempts to group lymphomas by cell type (i.e. the normal cell type that most resembles the tumor) and defining phenotypic, molecular or cytogenetic characteristics. There are three large groups: the B cell, T cell, and natural killer cell tumors. Other less common groups, are also recognized. Hodgkin lymphoma, although considered separately within the World Health Organization (and preceding) classifications, is now recognized as being a tumor of, albeit markedly abnormal, lymphocytes of mature B cell lineage.
Mature B cell neoplasms[edit]
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/Small lymphocytic lymphoma
- B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
- Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (such as Waldenström macroglobulinemia)
- Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
- Plasma cell neoplasms:
- Plasma cell myeloma
- Plasmacytoma
- Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases
- Heavy chain diseases
- Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, also called MALT lymphoma
- Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL)
- Follicular lymphoma
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
- Mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma
- Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
- Primary effusion lymphoma
- Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia
Mature T cell and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms[edit]
- T cell prolymphocytic leukemia
- T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia
- Aggressive NK cell leukemia
- Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
- Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
- Enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma
- Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma
- Blastic NK cell lymphoma
- Mycosis fungoides / Sezary syndrome
- Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T cell lymphoproliferative disorders
- Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- Lymphomatoid papulosis
- Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma
- Peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma[edit]
- Classical Hodgkin lymphomas:
- Nodular sclerosis
- Mixed cellularity
- Lymphocyte-rich
- Lymphocyte depleted or not depleted
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders[edit]
- Associated with a primary immune disorder
- Associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Post-transplant
- Associated with methotrexate therapy
- Primary central nervous system lymphoma occurs most often in immuno-compromised patients, in particular those with AIDS, but it can occur in the immunocompetent as well. It has a poor prognosis, particularly in those with AIDS. Treatment can consist of corticosteroids, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, often with methotrexate.
Other classification systems[edit]
Following is a comparison of the most common types of lymphoma:
Lymphoma type | Relative incidence | Histopathology | Immunophenotype | Overall 5-year survival |
Other comments |
Precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma | 40% of lymphomas in childhood.[13] | Lymphoblasts with irregular nuclear contours, condensed chromatin, small nucleoli and scant cytoplasm without granules.[13] | TdT, CD2, CD7[13] | It often presents as a mediastinal mass because of involvement of the thymus.[13] It is highly associated with NOTCH1 mutations.[13] Most common in adolescent males.[13] | |
Follicular lymphoma | 40% of lymphomas in adults[13] | Small "cleaved" cells (centrocytes) mixed with large activated cells (centroblasts). Usually nodular ("follicular") growth pattern[13] | CD10, surface Ig[13] | 72–77%[14] | Occurs in older adults. Usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen.[13] Associated with t(14;18) translocation overexpressing Bcl-2.[13] Indolent[13] |
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma | 40 to 50% of lymphomas in adults[13] | Variable. Most resemble B cells of large germinal centers. Diffuse growth pattern.[13] | Variable expression of CD10 and surface Ig[13] | 60%[15] | Occurs in all ages, but most commonly in older adults. Often occurs outside lymph nodes. Aggressive.[13] |
Mantle cell lymphoma | 3 to 4% of lymphomas in adults[13] | Lymphocytes of small to intermediate size growing in diffuse pattern[13] | CD5[13] | 50%[16] to 70%[16] | Occurs mainly in adult males. Usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and GI tract. Associated with t(11;14) translocation overexpressing cyclin D1. Moderately aggressive.[13] |
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma | 3 to 4% of lymphomas in adults[13] | Small resting lymphocytes mixed with variable number of large activated cells. Lymph nodes are diffusely effaced[13] | CD5, surface immunoglobulin[13] | 50%.[17] | Occurs in older adults. Usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen. Most patients have peripheral blood involvement. Indolent.[13] |
MALT lymphoma | ~5% of lymphomas in adults[13] | Variable cell size and differentiation. 40% show plasma cell differentiation. Homing of B cells to epithelium creates lymphoepithelial lesions.[13] | CD5, CD10, surface Ig[13] | Frequently occurs outside lymph nodes. Very indolent. May be cured by local excision.[13] | |
Burkitt's lymphoma | < 1% of lymphomas in the United States[13] | Round lymphoid cells of intermediate size with several nucleoli. Starry-sky appearance by diffuse spread with interspersed apoptosis.[13] | CD10, surface Ig[13] | 50%[18] | Endemic in Africa, sporadic elsewhere. More common in immunocompromised and in children. Often visceral involvement. Highly aggressive.[13] |
Mycosis fungoides | Most common cutaneous lymphoid malignancy | Usually small lymphoid cells with convoluted nuclei that often infiltrate the epidermis, creating Pautier microabscesses.[13] | CD4[13] | 75%[19] | Localized or more generalized skin symptoms. Generally indolent. In a more aggressive variant,[13] Sézary's disease, there is skin erythema and peripheral blood involvement.[13] |
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma-Not-Otherwise-Specified | Most common T cell lymphoma[13] | Variable. Usually a mix small to large lymphoid cells with irregular nuclear contours.[13] | CD3[13] | Probably consists of several rare tumor types. It is often disseminated and generally aggressive.[13] | |
Nodular sclerosis form of Hodgkin lymphoma | Most common type of Hodgkin's lymphoma[13] | Reed-Sternberg cell variants and inflammation. usually broad sclerotic bands that consists of collagen.[13] | CD15, CD30[13] | Most common in young adults. It often arises in the mediastinum or cervical lymph nodes.[13] | |
Mixed-cellularity subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma | Second most common form of Hodgkin's lymphoma[13] | Many classic Reed-Sternberg cells and inflammation[13] | CD15, CD30[13] | Most common in men. More likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages than the nodular sclerosis form. Epstein-Barr virus involved in 70% of cases.[13] |
Staging, prognosis, and treatment[edit]
This section requires expansion. (December 2012) |
5-year relative survival by stage at diagnosis[20] | ||
Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival (%) |
Percentage of cases (%) |
Localized (confined to primary site) | 82.1 | 28 |
Regional (spread to regional lymphnodes) | 77.5 | 19 |
Distant (cancer has metastasized) | 59.9 | 45 |
Unknown (unstaged) | 67.5 | 8 |
These depend on the specific form of lymphoma.[21] For some forms of lymphoma, watchful waiting is often the initial course of action.[22] If a low-grade lymphoma is becoming symptomatic, radiotherapy or chemotherapy are the treatments of choice; although they do not cure the lymphoma, they can alleviate the symptoms, particularly painful lymphadenopathy. Patients with these types of lymphoma can live near-normal lifespans, but the disease is incurable. Treatment of some other, more aggressive, forms of lymphoma can result in a cure in the majority of cases, but the prognosis for patients with a poor response to therapy is worse.[23] Treatment for these types of lymphoma typically consists of aggressive chemotherapy, including the CHOP or RCHOP regimen. Hodgkin lymphoma typically is treated with radiotherapy alone, as long as it is localized.[24] Advanced Hodgkin disease requires systemic chemotherapy, sometimes combined with radiotherapy.[25] See the articles on the corresponding form of lymphoma for further information.
Lymphoma is the most common form of hematological malignancy, or "blood cancer", in the developed world.
Taken together, lymphomas represent 5.3% of all cancers (excluding simple basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers) in the United States and 55.6% of all blood cancers.[27]
According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, lymphomas account for about five percent of all cases of cancer in the United States, and Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular accounts for less than one percent of all cases of cancer in the United States.
Because the whole system is part of the body's immune system, patients with a weakened immune system such as from HIV infection or from certain drugs or medication also have a higher incidence of lymphoma.
Research directions[edit]
Significant research into the causes, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lymphoma is being performed. Hundreds of clinical trials are being planned or conducted at any given time.[28] Studies may focus on effective means of treatment, better ways of treating the disease, improving the quality of life for patients, or appropriate care in remission or after cures.
In general, there are two types of lymphoma research: clinical or translational research and basic research. Clinical/translational research focuses on studying the disease in a defined and generally immediately patient-applicable way, such as testing a new drug in patients. By contrast, basic science research studies the disease process at a distance, such as seeing whether a suspected carcinogen can cause healthy cells to turn into lymphoma cells in the laboratory or how the DNA changes inside lymphoma cells as the disease progresses. The results from basic research studies are generally less immediately useful to patients with the disease.[29]
- ^ a b "What is lymphoma?". Medical News Today. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g "About Lymphoma". Lymphoma Research Foundation. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
- ^ a b Parham, Peter (2005). The immune system. New York: Garland Science. p. 414. ISBN 0-8153-4093-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Warning Signs of Lymphoma — First Signs of Lymphoma". Lymphoma.about.com. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
- ^ Mallick, Indranil. "How Is Lymphoma Diagnosed?". lymphoma.about.com. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
- ^ Feller, Alfred C.; Diebold, Jacques (2004). Histopathology of Nodal and Extranodal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-63801-8.
- ^ Wagman LD. (2008). "Principles of Surgical Oncology". In Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ. Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach (11th ed.). CMPMedica. ISBN 9781891483622.
- ^ Hellman, Samuel; Mauch, P.M. Ed. (1999). Hodgkin's Disease. Chapter 1: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 5. ISBN 0-7817-1502-4.
- ^ a b Swerdlow, Steven H.; International Agency for Research on Cancer; World Health Organization (2008). WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. World Health Organization classification of tumours 2 (4th ed.). International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 9789283224310.
- ^ a b Jaffe, Elaine Sarkin (2001). Pathology & Genetics: Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. WHO classification of tumours, pathology and genetics series 3. IARC. ISBN 978-92-832-2411-2.
- ^ Clarke CA, Glaser SL, Dorfman and Dorfwoman RF, Bracci PM, Eberle E, Holly EA (January 2004). "Expert review of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in a population-based cancer registry: reliability of diagnosis and subtype classifications". Cancer Epidemiol. Bio-markers Prev. 13 (1): 138–43. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-03-0250. PMID 14744745.
- ^ Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma at eMedicine
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Table 12-8 with lymphomas sorted out. Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.
- ^ Lymphoma, Follicular at eMedicine
- ^ Turgeon, Mary Louise (2005). Clinical Hematology: Theory and Procedures 936 (4 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 285–6. ISBN 978-0-7817-5007-3.
- ^ a b
- 50% for limited stage, according to: Leitch HA, Gascoyne RD, Chhanabhai M, Voss NJ, Klasa R, Connors JM (October 2003). "Limited-stage mantle-cell lymphoma". Ann. Oncol. 14 (10): 1555–61. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdg414. PMID 14504058.
- 70% for advanced stage, according to most recent values in: Herrmann A, Hoster E, Zwingers T, et al. (February 2009). "Improvement of overall survival in advanced stage mantle cell lymphoma". J. Clin. Oncol. 27 (4): 511–8. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.16.8435. PMID 19075279.
- ^ "Chronic Leukemias". The Merck Manual of Geriatrics.
- ^ Diviné M, Casassus P, Koscielny S, et al. (December 2005). "Burkitt lymphoma in adults: a prospective study of 72 patients treated with an adapted pediatric LMB protocol". Ann. Oncol. 16 (12): 1928–35. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi403. PMID 16284057.
- ^ Kirova YM, Piedbois Y, Haddad E, et al. (May 1999). "Radiotherapy in the management of mycosis fungoides: indications, results, prognosis. Twenty years experience". Radiother Oncol 51 (2): 147–51. doi:10.1016/S0167-8140(99)00050-X. PMID 10435806.
- ^ [1] Data from the USA 1999–2006, All Races, Both Sexes: Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Krapcho M, Neyman N, Aminou R, Waldron W, Ruhl J, Howlader N, Tatalovich Z, Cho H, Mariotto A, Eisner MP, Lewis DR, Cronin K, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Stinchcomb DG, Edwards BK (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2007, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2007/, based on November 2009 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2010.
- ^ Sweetenham JW (November 2009). "Treatment of lymphoblastic lymphoma in adults". Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) 23 (12): 1015–20. PMID 20017283.
- ^ Elphee EE (May 2008). "Understanding the concept of uncertainty in patients with indolent lymphoma". Oncol Nurs Forum 35 (3): 449–54. doi:10.1188/08.ONF.449-454. PMID 18467294.
- ^ Bernstein SH, Burack WR (2009). "The incidence, natural history, biology, and treatment of transformed lymphomas". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009: 532–41. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.532. PMID 20008238.
- ^ Martin NE, Ng AK (November 2009). "Good things come in small packages: low-dose radiation as palliation for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas". Leuk. Lymphoma 50 (11): 1765–72. doi:10.3109/10428190903186510. PMID 19883306.
- ^ Kuruvilla J (2009). "Standard therapy of advanced Hodgkin lymphoma". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009: 497–506. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.497. PMID 20008235.
- ^ "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2009.
- ^ Horner MJ, Ries LAG, Krapcho M, Neyman N, et al. (eds). "SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2006". Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER). Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 3 November 2009. "Table 1.4: Age-Adjusted SEER Incidence and U.S. Death Rates and 5-Year Relative Survival Rates By Primary Cancer Site, Sex and Time Period"
- ^ http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=lymphoma
- ^ "Understanding Clinical Trials for Blood Cancers". Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
External links[edit]
- Lymphoma at the Open Directory Project
- Lymphoma Association - UK non-profit for people affected by lymphoma]


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2/20/2007 - Among the soldiers who fought bravely with the American Expeditionary Force in France during the First World War, there were tens of thousands of young men of Polish descent. One of these was Private Michael Kempinski, who fought in Company G of the 128th Infantry and won a Silver Star for capturing a German machine gun nest. Private Chester Lasky, from Hamtramck, Michigan, was with the 4th Machine Gun battalion and won a bronze star for "coolness under violent enemy artillery fire." Thousands of other Polish-Americans fought with the Polish Army in France, also known as Haller's Army – an all-Polish army made up primarily of recruits from overseas. Mary Bartus-Sidlick, of Canton, Michigan, says that her father Lawrence Bartus was wounded and gassed in France while fighting with Haller's Army. "He had to give up his job as a baker because of lung problems due to being gassed," recalls Ms. Bartus-Sidlick. "Every Memorial Day my dad flew both the American and Polish flags on our front porch." These Polish-American heroes were among the hundreds of thousands of immigrant soldiers who put their lives on the line for the United States after their adopted country joined the Allies in 1917. I am writing a book about these immigrant soldiers and their experiences, and I'm trying to get in contact with their descendants. I've already talked to families from all over the country, and I have interviewed two foreign-born men who fought in the war – an Italian-American who died last week at the age of 110 and a Russian Jewish-American who died late last year at the age of 106. If you have a Polish-born ancestor who fought in the First World War, either with the US Armed forces or with the Polish Army in France, I would love to include his story in the book. Please contact: David Laskin, 18757 Ridgefield Rd. NW, Seattle, WA 98177, 206-546-8856. Thank you!
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I read so many great reviews of We Care Spa that it gave me high expectations. The reality didn't live up to those expectations. The rooms had some character and were functional.All of the drinks and supplements were on a self help basis. The average daily calorie intake was about 400 per day including one cup of fresh juice and... More
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Diet Doc offers their most advanced hCG diet to date, combining optimal nutrition with medically supervised prescription-only hCG treatments.
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Stayed numerous times (enjoyed the poker room) at this impressive looking hotel/casino, but now seems to cater mostly to gambling junkets from mainland China. They did away with a nice executive floor & lounge on the upper level of the hotel. Was put on a smoking floor by mistake. Could hardly breath in the room. Called the front desk and... More
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text: Sunday, March 3rd: If you're going to have fries… have dirty fries. Monday, March 4th: Do you know how to play chess? Tuesday, March 5th: A dreary day made better with a quiet lunch at Olympic Provisions. Wednesday, March 6th: A visit to Blue Moon. We picked up a new (to us) Spectra! The one my grandparents gave me has been on the fritz for months so I'm excited to finally be able to shoot with a Spectra again. Thursday, March 7th: We were downtown and couldn't resist a visit to Stumptown. Friday, March 8th: Branches. Saturday, March 9th: Spent a few hours at the Japanese Garden. It was so peaceful. Looking forward to spending more time there.


text: Laxatone 4.25oz TubeHairballs can be a an unpleasant and potentially harmful problem for many cats. Laxatone Cat Hairball Remedy uses proven ingredients to help your cat eliminate existing hairballs and with regular use, can help prevent new ones from forming. Also useful as a treatment for occasional irregularity in cats and dogs. Laxatone Hairball Treatment is the veterinary standard for the treatment and prevention of hairballs in dogs and cats. Great tasting formula acts as a lubricant and laxative for hairball removal.


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What an ingenious way the rooms are named! i was in Gotham City, and my bed said "Poison Ivy"! My friend was Batman! :-) The first night, all of us were woken up by a fire alarm around 4 in the morning! Looks like it was someone drunk who caused it. Decent rooms; the ones looking out to the street... More
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The City Library Now Offering eBooks on Amazon Kindle Devices
Sept 22, 2011, SALT LAKE CITY – Kindle users now have access to over 6,000 eBooks and eAudio books from the Salt Lake City Public Library System.
The City Library has been lending electronic and audio books to patrons using electronic reading and mobile devices such as the Apple iPad and iPhone, Google Android, and Blackberry, as well personal computers. This year, over 20,000 titles have been downloaded from the City Library's website.
In June, Amazon listed Salt Lake City as one of the most well-read cities in the U.S. based on downloads from their Kindle store, as well as book, newspaper and magazine sales.
To take advantage of downloadable books and audio books, Library cardholders can visit http://overdrive.slcpl.org.
You must login to comment.
James: I have found the process of downloading audio books and streaming video to be a great service to the community, especially for my eight year old who figured it out before Dad did!
James: Searching for and downloading audiobooks on this site is confusing and cumbersome. The process needs to be improved. James Georgelis
Greg: I love being able to download books but the website needs a remodling. It is not intuitive in the way that the better web sites are. Searching for books is confuising and the checkout,request,hold process is odd. Signing in with card # is frustrating.
Bernard: @Marilyn_Smolka Overdrive, the software the library uses to provide you with e-media will work on both the Barnes and Noble Nook as well as an iPod Touch. Feel free to check out the Supported Devices Page at http://www.overdrive.com/resources/drc/
Marilyn: How about the Nook (from Barnes and Noble). Can I download an audio book on my iPod?


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They also had all sorts of nasty things they had to deal with that we do not, our modern sanitation was unheard in 14th Century Europe. They had open sewers, which were mostly just a small ditch dug into the middle of the roads. Excrement from every form of life bred all sorts of nasty bugs and such. It must have been an issue to keep the flooring usually wood clean of the gunk with of course breeds bacteria. Everything was brought into the home while in the city, and in the country well you can imagine it would be the same issue. Because the world was experiencing a mini Ice age, it was 20 to 30 degrees cooler in the world. As such it would be detrimental to take a full body bath, not to mention expensive you would need to have enough servants and containers to fill a small hip bath. Fuel would have been carefully used so that they could make it through the not so mild winters of the time. So wash downs, a small supply of warm water for the rich, or room temperature to wash down the body. It is one of the reasons almost every country had it version of an undershirt that protected the outside clothing from the body and it's oils.
Unlike what has been told as accurate, the Medieval Chatelaine actually worked very diligently to keep her home as clean as possible, given the use of candles and the amount of general insect infestations.
Even today we still have issues with moths in our things, a good way to prevent an infestation is when we are putting our garb away make sachets of some of the herbs I am discussing, and place them in the boxes that you store your garb in. We camp in the same conditions that our predecessors lived with, washing a little difficult and oils do get into our clothing and bedding as well. Why not use some of their herbal solutions?
Southernwood was considered so strong a preventive that it was called 'garde robe'. Wormwood was considered to be a mouse preventive, and mint was used against mice and ants. Rue was grown in gardens to discourage pests. Apparently, strongly scented moth repellents work by confusing the mother moth so that she does not lay her eggs in the protected clothing, so they have no effect against existing infestations.
Citrus acid deters flying insects, so if you want have a sweet tent, stab an orange or lemon and stud it with cloves as we do for pomanders, and tie them around your camp. This will give your space a lovely fragrance and will attempt to keep those pesky flies away.
You can also spray a tincture of Lavender water all about as well bees do not like the scent; flies do not find it attractive as well.
I do not advise for you to use perfumes of a heavy scent while camping if you don't want bees or any flying insect to become attracted to you. Your best shot is just soap and maybe some talc that is not too strongly scented to keep the bugs at bay. Also light colors and bright colors tend to attract the insect population. So if you are dressing a child, think about this when making garb choices.
'Waters' are the ancestors of both alcoholic cordials and modern alcohol-based perfumes and body care products, being herbs, vegetables, etc, mixed with wine or beer and distilled. The best known waters are rose and orange flower, both by-products of creating oils (rose and neroli). Simple herb and vegetable waters of all kinds were the rage also in the 16th century, made by either 'cold' distillation or by mixing the vegetable matter with wine or spirits and 'hot' distilling. However, other recipes included Water Imperiall (for wounds) and aqua vitae (for healing), Hungary Water, Carmelite Water, etc. Hungary Water, the first documented perfume using distilled spirits, seems to have included rosemary, and perhaps lavender and myrtle, among its original components. Waters were also used as astringents and hand washes, and as well as medical drinks.
Plain hand washing waters were used at the medieval table, being water with rose or violet petals in it, or an infusion of herbs. Le Menagier de Paris (as edited & translated by Tania Bayard), says:
To make water for washing hands at table: Boil sage, then strain the water and cool it until it is a little more than lukewarm. Or use chamomile, marjoram, or rosemary boiled with orange peel. Bay leaves are also good
If you have helmet head, then make a decoction of Rosemary leaves and a spray bottle and spray your hair and brush, it will help to get all of the gunk and oils from your hair as you brush.
Here is a medieval version of the same thought:
I have made great spritzing water for the hot days:
When lemons are plentiful take the outside and not the white nasty pith, the yellow actually has the citrus oil within. I personally used 25 lemons to make enough lemon water to make a difference. I put 4 cups of Vodka and placed my lemon peels into a stoppered container. I allowed this to sit for several weeks, then I strained it smelled it and decided that I needed more. This time I went to Costco and bought about another 25 lemons and peeled them as well.
By the way, what did I do with the lemon? I squeezed them and put them into ice cube trays, then when they were nicely frozen took them out and placed them in a zip lock. I can have lemonade all year long now and it was pretty easy.
Okay now to make the lemon spritz,
1 part Lemon
2 parts Water- Distilled please!
1 tsp Glycerin
So now all you need is a spritzer container and you will have something that will make you feel wonderful and it is a natural bug deterrent as well! You can use any citrus fruit for this recipe and if you don't have the time to create your own lemon water, you can also put Lemon oil mixed with vodka again and then the water and it will smell the same but not have the same effect with the buggies.
A selection of herbs and spices used in the medieval period.
Balm, Lemon, or Sweet Melissa- Used in foods and drinks; considered an aid against melancholy. Fresh leaves were used to polish furniture Beekeepers used it to charm bees into a new hive.
Basil, dark green leaves with a 'warm' spicy taste. Used in cooking-- for 'potage' or boiled greens, in salads and green pickles. Symbolic of both love and hate. Culpeper cautions that smelling it too much may breed a scorpion in the head.
Borage, large hairy leaves that taste of cucumber, were used in salads and cooked greens, and in drinks. It was associated with courage: "I, Borage, Bring Courage."
Costmary or Alecost, narrow long sweet-scented leaves sometimes eaten in salad or used to season ale; also used to drive away bugs & moths.
Horehound, wooly leaves with a nasty taste. Horehound cough syrups and drinks were prescribed for chesty and head-colds and coughs. Modern scientific studies have found no effect from horehound.
Laurel, or bay-leaves, had to be imported as dried leaves (and berries) or potted plants from the Mediterranian, as bay will not grow well in Northern Europe. Bay leaves were used in incense and also in cooking, as we do now, and Bay leaf crowns were a Roman and Renaissance sign of achievement (hence the Laurel).
Marjoram, a small-leaved plant related to oregano with a lighter flavor. Used in cooking, in spiced wine (hypocras), in brewing beer, and in medicines to 'comfort' the stomach.
Mint of all kinds was used in food and medicine. Mint vinegar was used as a mouthwash; mint sauce restored the appetite. Used for all stomach ailments, in fevers and in treating venom and wounds. Wilfred Strabo said in the 10th century that there were as many types of mint as the sparks that fly from Vulcan's forge-- in other words, lots!
Mugwort, gray-green strong-smelling leaves. A charm for travellers and used in foot ointments; also used in treating women's ailments. It is one of the artemisia family, so internal use should be avoided.
Rosemary: pine-scented leaves, symbolic of wisdom and faithfulness. The flowers, boiled in tea, were an all-purpose medicine. A 1525 herbal suggests it boiled in wine for a face wash-- a sort of medieval Stridex. Putting the leaves under your pillow guarded against nightmares. The ashes of the wood, burnt, were used for cleaning teeth. Brides and grooms exchanged rosemary wreaths instead of rings; rosemary was also planted or strewn on graves. Rosemary was burned as an incense to kill or prevent infection, including the plague. Rosemary is said to have blue flowers because the Virgin dried her cloak on it on the way to Egypt.
Rue, a sour-smelling periennial with rounded leaves, also called 'the herb of grace' because it was used as a holy water sprinkler. Used to treat venomous bites, and poor eyesight. Do not use internally!
Sage: a shrub with gray-green sharp-tasting leaves, symbolic of age and wisdom. The leaves were used in salads and green sauces and as a spring tonic. "A man shall live for aye who eats sage in May." A tonic that is supposed to 'clean out' the system. In the Renaissance, the English ate sage butter in May.
Southernwood, fringy leaves of the artemesia family, were so popular in france for mothproofing that they were called 'garde-robe'.
Thyme: a low, creeping plant with tiny leaves, symbolic of courage. Used in cooking, and in baths and as an astringent. Burned as to fumigate against infection and to scent sacrifices. There are lots of varieties of thyme; they all have different scents. Legend has it that caraway-scented thyme was used so often in cooking 'barons' (big roasts) of beef that they are called 'herba barona'. Supposedly ladies embroidered a thyme sprig in flower, along with a bee, on favors for their favorite knights.
Yarrow, or Achillea, a fringey periennial with manyparted flowers. Used to treat headaches and wounds, especially battle wounds, and the bite of mad dogs. (In modern times it is used as a migraine treatment, but seldom in wound management. ) The wound treatment caused it to be associated with knights.
Angelica, a very tallgreen plant whose stalks were cooked like celery or candied and whose leaves & roots were used against fevers, plague, and illness of all kinds.
Calamus, aka Sweet Flag: the rushes of sweet flag were strewn on the floors of medieval houses; the roots were dried and ground for use in body powders. Sometimes also used in food, but I wouldn't recommend it!
Galingale: rhizome of a gingerlike Indonesian plant, imported usually as dried strips. There are two kinds, the greater [Alpina Galanga] and the lesser [Alpina Officinarum]. An ingredient in medieval spice mixes: powder-douce and powder-fort. Similar to ginger but more spicey, peppery and complex.
Ginger, rhizome of a tropical plant. Traveled as either whole roots, dried slices or crystalized (preserved in sugar) slices, packed in ginger jars. The dried slices were often powdered for use in recipes. Gingerbread was a popular sweet cake, sold in decorated slices by gingerbread baking guilds, at least in Torun. Suspected of provoking lust, but widely used in saucing meats, in cakes, and sidedishes anyway. Its warmth was used medicinally to treat stomach problems, and as a remedy for the plague. Modern science confirms its use as a mild anti-nausea treatment.
Calendula, or French or Pot Marigold, round yellow flowers that look similar to regular marigolds but are a different species. Associated with the sun, they were said to follow its progress across the sky. Flower petals were used in broths and tonics, and in treatments to strengthen the heart. Now used in skin creams.
Chamomile: a short, creeping fringy plant with daisylike flowers. Used in handwashing waters and for headaches. Lawns and garden seats were planted with chamomile, for it 'smells the sweeter for being trodden on'. Scientific testing indicates that it really may help settle the stomach and soothe the nerves, which may be why it was used in fevers.
Hops: the cone-shaped flowers of the hop vine were used to flavor beer in much of Europe, though it only came to Britain late in period. Also used as a sedative (to make people sleep).
Lavender, dried purple flowers. Used in food, and in refreshing washes for headaches; a cap with lavender flowers quilted in it kept headaches at bay. Used extensively in baths, as a personal scent and as a moth repellent.
Roses, petals of white, pink and red roses [damask, apothecary, and dog roses among others] and the distilled water made from them were widely used in food as well as for scent, and added to medical preparations to strengthen the patient generally.
Saffron: the inner parts of a kind of crocus flower. Saffron crocus can be grown in Europe but the best comes from Turkey. (Other crocuses are POISONOUS!) Even in medieval times, saffron was often imitated with safflower or tumeric. Supposedly imported to England in the reign of Edward III. Medieval cooks used it extensively in both sweet and savory dishes, especially soups and grains, for flavor and color. (Also used a dyestuff; when only color was wanted, the flavorless safflower could be substituted.) Used to treat infections.
Cloves, nail-shaped flower-buds of a tree from the East Indies. Cloves were chewed to freshen the breath, used extensively in cooking -- both meat and fish were studded with them as we do ham. Ground/powdered cloves were also used in gruels and sweets. Clove's antiseptic and slight painkilling affects were exploited in wound treatments as well as treatments for toothache, and for 'coldness of the blood'. Considered one of the hottest of spices. Used in cooking and as an antiseptic and painkiller. (You can still buy oil of cloves for toothache in older pharmacies.)
Citrus: oranges and lemons were imported from Spain as well as the east. They were used extensively as flavorings (in meats as well as sweets), but generally not eaten on their own-- they were too expensive! Candied orange peels, made by soaking out the bitterness from the peels and crystalizing them in sugar, were a popular comfit (candy) and subtlety decoration. [Limes are a New World fruit and apparently were not known in the SCA period.]
Mace: the outer covering around the nutmeg within the fruit of the nutmeg tree. The best is the color of gold, says Banckes, and it will keep 10 years. It used to be sold whole or in strips. Also used as a strewing herb by the very rich, like German Emperor Henry VI whose coronation route in 1191 was strewn with it.
Anise. Smells and tastes like licorice. The seeds were used to treat gas and to make people sweat. They were also used in sweets and candies.
Cardamom: 'warm' spicy seedpods and seeds imported from India. The Arabs flavoured their coffee with it, and it was also used in mulled wine. Meat and rice dishes are often flavored with cardamom.
Coriander. The round seeds (which resemble bugs!) were used for cooking and to deter fevers; often used in breads. They may have been used to treat or prevent tummyaches, including gas.
Cumin, hot/spicy seeds now used in Tex-mex cooking. Medieval people used it in cooking and to treat gas. Rye bread with cumin seeds is a Slavic food. (Though they may have used 'black cumin' which is another spice.)
Flax: the plants of flax make linen, and the seeds cooked in water made a constipation treatment and an invalid's porridge;a flax seed, placed in the eye, was used to remove foreign bodies because of the mucilage it exudes. (Don't try this at home!)
Mustard, This huge annual plant produces hundreds of tiny yellow or black seeds (The ability to grow 6 feet tall in a single season is where 'if you have faith even as a mustard seed you can move mountains' comes from). Mustard sauce (generally made by mixing ground mustard with vinegar/wine/water/honey and other spices) was one of the most common condiments for meat. Mustard seed comes in brown, black and yellow. To make good sharp mustard, mix it up on the spot and use it right away-- the flavor fades quickly.
Nutmeg: seed pit of the nutmeg tree, imported from India. Shipped as whole nuts and ground for use, or eaten whole. Nutmegs set in silver were a popular Renaissance pomander. Ground and eaten to improve digestion; set in silver and carried as scented jewelry. Common in medieval cookery. Both Banckes and Hildegarde mention it as a general tonic, but eating too much nutmeg is hard on the kidneys.
Cubebs: pepper berries from Indonesia imported to England in the thirteenth century. Also called tailed pepper. Cubeb vinegar was used in recipes in Poland, and cubebs were one of the many pepper alternative fads.
Grains of Paradise: seeds of an African tree. Gets its other name, melegueta pepper, from the kingdom of Mali, whence it was imported. Faddish as an alternative to pepper in the 13th century. Used in sausages and in certain types of mulled wine and hypocras.
Pepper: black, white and green pepper come from the same plant, but medieval cooks only had black -- with the skins on-- or white-- with them removed. Legend said that black pepper was blackened by fire in the harvesting process. (Rose pepper comes from a different plant and was not known in period.) Used extensively in cooking.
Long pepper, a relative of regular pepper(but not the same) comes as long dried seed capsules and has a fiercer flavor and a sweeter smell. Both regular and long pepper were used extensively, in sweet as well as savory dishes.
Cassia: bark and buds of the cassia tree, from China. Often onfused with (or substituted for) cinnamon, cassia has a rougher, stronger taste. Almost all 'cinnamon' sold in America is cassia.
Cinnamon, the bark of an Asian tree. The ancients thought it came from Arabia. Herodotus and Pliny relate tall tales about cinnamon-bird nests and cinnamon-growing areas guarded by bats. True Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is lighter in color and more fragile than cassia, with a smoother, richer taste and smell. Cinnamon was used in anointing oils in the ancient Hebrew temple (CAUTION: cinnamon essential oil will burn the skin!) and burned as a precious incense. It was used to flavor fruit and grain dishes, and used in hashmeat especially-- but because of its expense and prestige factor, it was used in cooking almost EVERYTHING (soup to subtleties) if one could afford it.
Saunders (Sandalwood) both red and yellow were known; red was used for coloring food, yellow more for burning. Because it tastes like wood and is sometimes adulterated, it's not recommended for internal use.
Frankincense: resin (dried sap) of the olibanum tree. Came as 'beads' of resin. The best, said Banckes, is clear and white. Imported from India. Used in incense. Also recommended by Banckes' herbal to treat sinus problems and uterine disorders (a poultice of frankincense tea applied to the abdomen, or the user burnt or steeped frankincense and sat over the smoke or steam). A rich, church-y smell. Nowadays primarily used as church incense.
Myrrh: resin tapped from splits in the bark of an Arabian tree. An aromatic used in pomanders, cosmetics and other scented preparations, as well as embalming. Used extensively in period wound treatments due to its antiseptic properties. Still used in mouthwashes and some antiseptics, though not currently recommended for internal use.
Make some 'Sweet bags' and place within;
Dried Citrus peels
Cedar chips – like the hamsters use inexpensive and still works!
You can use 1 or all of these great moth stoppers and put them with your garb when you are not using it. The scent stops the Mommy to be Moth from laying her eggs, but if you have an infestation, this will not help. You will need to air all of your things in the sun and/or use modern methods of bug extermination.
Have you ever noticed that flying insects stay away from the BBQ or Brazier smoke? Smoke is a natural deterrent for those pesky things, so why not use this principal to make your camping space have a lovely smell and get rid of all of those icky pests?
Easy way to accomplish is to make your own natural incense and burn it over an already burning charcoal briquette. Or you can have oils and use a diffuser to reach the same goal.
I like again to use these herbs and oils;
These are all dried
Citrus Peel
Using a mortar and pestle grind your herbs down, the myrrh is a resin so it is harder to do.
(I use a coffee grinder to do this quickly )
Add the sawdust (you can get this from your local hardware store), grind the sawdust in as well. (I wet the sawdust and place it in my blender and add the herbs I have powered and it seems to work just the same as doing it by hand.)
Now add 20 drops of Citronella and 10 drops of Lavender oil. Allow this all to blend for at least a day before you burn it. Light your little charcoal and burn, it is a sweet scent that will keep the bugs away, but hopefully the people around you will come over to see what smells so good.
I also have a recipe you can use to make an oil or put into regular lotion to make your skin off limits to the bugs in life!
Herbal Repellent Oil
1 Part Fresh Pennyroyal
1 Part Fresh Chrysanthemum
1 Part Fresh Lavender
5 drops Peppermint Essential Oil
20 drops Citronella Essential Oil
Olive Oil
Pick your fresh herbs. Manually remove any dirt then set them in a sunny place until the herbs are wilted.
Using 1/4 cup as your part, measure 1/4 cup of pennyroyal and Chrysanthemum petals and stems, and 1/8 cup basil and Lavender into a crock pot. Pour in enough olive oil to cover the herbs plus another inch of oil (approximately 1 cup). Turn the crock-pot on low temperature and heat the herbs for about 3 hours. An alternative way to prepare your oil extraction is to place the herbs in a clear glass jar and set it in the sun for about five days. Shake it once or twice a day.
When you have finished heating your oil, strain your oil through cheesecloth lined strainer. Squeeze out as much oil as possible. Measure out how much oil you now have. For each ounce of oil add 20 drops of citronella essential oil and 5 drops of Peppermint oil.
You could do all of this in the medieval fashion by placing it in a glass jar and allowing the sun for several days do the work the crock pot did.
My Resources
An Herbal, 1525. Also known as Banckes' Herbal. Author unknown, published 1525. Facsimile & transcripted edition ed. by Larkey & Pyles. (NY: Scholars' Facsimiles and Reprints, 1941)
A Medieval Home Companion: Housekeeping in the fourteenth century. (from Le menagier de Paris) Trans. & edited by Tania Bayard. (NY: HarperCollins, 1991)
Culpeper, Nicholas. Culpeper's Complete Herbal. Published by W. Foulsham & Co, New York. ISBN: 0-572-00203-3.
Culpeper, Nicholas. The English Physitian, online through Yale Medical Library: http://www.med.yale.edu/library/historical/culpeper/culpeper.htm
Dioscorides Pedanius, of Anazarbos. The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides: illustrated by a Byzantine, A. D. 512; Englished by John Goodyer, A. D. 1655; edited and first printed, A. D. 1933, by Robert T. Gunther ... with three hundred and ninety-six illustrations.
Hildegarde of Bingen. Hildegard von Bingen's Physica: the complete English translation of her classic work on Health and Healing. Trans. from the Latin by Patricia Throop. (Rochester, VT: Healing Arts, 1998). ISBN 0-89281-661-9
Gerard, John. Leaves from Gerard's Herball: arranged for garden lovers. edited by Marcus
Woodward (Peter Smith, 1990). ISBN: 0844609714 (also available from Dover in paperback, ISBN: 0486223434). Note: any Gerard's Herbal edited by Woodward is actually an abridgement.
Hill, Thomas. The Gardener's Labyrinth[: The first English Gardening Book]. ed. Richard Mabey. (NY: Oxford University Press, 1987) ISBN: 0-19-217763-X. Illustrated with reproductions of woodcuts & paintings from a wide variety of sources.
Markham, Gervase. The English Housewife: containing the inward and outward virtues which ought to be in a complete woman..., Chapter III: "Of distillations and their virtues, and of perfuming." first printed 1615. Published 1986 by McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal; edited by Michael R. Best. ISBN: 0-7735-0582-2.
Le Menagier de Paris. translation of cookbook sections by Janet Hinson: http://www.best.com/~ddfr/Medieval/Cookbooks/Menagier/Menagier.html
Nostradamus, The Elixirs of Nostradamus: Nostradamus' original recipes for elixirs, scented water, beauty potions and sweetmeats. edited by Knut Boeser. (Wakefield, RI: Moyer Bell, 1996) ISBN: 1-55921-155-5
Parkinson, John. A Garden of Pleasant Flowers: Paradisi in Sole. (NY: Dover Publications, 1991.) ISBN: 048626758X
Plat, Hugh. Delightes for Ladies. 1594. (Herrin, Ill., Trovillion Private Press, 1942) Note: There have been several versions of this but I haven't yet worked through my new copy of it. However, here are a selection of rosewater recipes from it.
Strabo, Walafrid. Hortulus. Translated by Raef Payne. Commentary by Wilfrid Blunt. (Pittsburgh: Hunt Botanical Library, 1966)
Tusser, Thomas. His Good Points of Husbandry, "Of Herbs and Flowers." 1557. Published 1931 by Country Life Limited, London; edited by Dorothy Hartley.


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Steele Supply Company - 3413 Hill Street - Saint Joseph, MI 49085 USA
30 years of experience - Online since 1995
Telephone (toll free in the US): 1-800-747-1372
Telephone 269-983-0920 (in MI and outside the US)
Fax: 269-983-0970
Email us.
Attention UK customers! Visit our new online store, SteeleSupply.co.uk, in the UK!
Copyright © 1995-2013 Steele Supply Company. All Rights Reserved.


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De Villiers Walton (DVW) is a specialist SAP consulting, product innovation, education and support business. We design, build, implement and support solutions and products based on SAP software and have particular expertise in:
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In De Villiers Walton we found a firm that could communicate with the business, understood the application and was able to create a direction for how we should implement the business requirements into the application.
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SOURCE Beam Inc.
After 218 years, Jim Beam Releases Jacob's Ghost™ - a Versatile, Flavorful Celebration of Founding Distiller's First Whiskey
CLERMONT, Ky., March 4, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Building on its rich tradition and deep family roots, Jim Beam launches Jacob's Ghost™, a new white whiskey that celebrates the "spirit" of founding distiller – Jacob Beam – by perfecting the white whiskey he first distilled more than two centuries ago. Aged for a year and versatile enough to be enjoyed in a variety of mixed cocktails, Jacob's Ghost is answering whiskey drinkers' increasing demand for inventive and unique spirit experiences, while providing a white whiskey that tastes like whiskey.
"Jacob's Ghost represents both our past and our future," said Fred Noe, Jim Beam's 7th Generation Master Distiller. "It's a tribute to my family's ancestry and our first distiller, while also showing our chops at innovation by perfecting what Jacob first created into a whiskey that's unlike anything out there today."
A Whiskey for Every Occasion
Aged for a year in white oak barrels, Jacob's Ghost is an 80-proof white whiskey that elicits the wood-influenced flavors and hues of a traditional bourbon but offers a lighter body and more adaptable character. Unlike some of the un-aged moonshines and white dogs out there, this unique, hybrid spirit is versatile in a way that traditional whiskies aren't. Jacob's Ghost is:
In a recent study, Jacob's Ghost was the highest performing whiskey concept ever tested by Jim Beam, with 77 percent of whiskey drinkers and 70 percent of vodka drinkers claiming that they would "definitely or probably" purchase Jacob's Ghost.[1]
The Experts Weigh In
Jacob's Ghost has received positive reviews from the spirits media community:
Jacob's Ghost is now available nationwide for a suggested retail price of $21.99. For more information on Jacob's Ghost, visit www.JimBeam.com/jacobs-ghost, www.facebook.com/JimBeam or @JimBeamOfficial.
Jim Beam is committed to social responsibility and advises legal purchase age consumers to drink smart®. Through drinksmart.com, Beam Inc. educates legal purchase age consumers about how to make responsible choices about alcohol.
About Beam Inc.
As one of the world's leading premium spirits companies, Beam is Crafting the Spirits that Stir the World. Consumers from all corners of the globe call for the company's brands, including Jim Beam Bourbon, Maker's Mark Bourbon, Sauza Tequila, Pinnacle Vodka, Canadian Club Whisky, Courvoisier Cognac, Teacher's Scotch Whisky, Skinnygirl Cocktails, Cruzan Rum, Hornitos Tequila, Knob Creek Bourbon, Laphroaig Scotch Whisky, Kilbeggan Irish Whiskey, Larios Gin, Whisky DYC and DeKuyper Cordials. Beam is focused on delivering superior performance with its unique combination of scale with agility and a strategy of Creating Famous Brands, Building Winning Markets and Fueling Our Growth. Beam and its 3,400 passionate associates worldwide generated 2012 sales of $2.5 billion (excluding excise taxes), volume of 38 million 9-liter equivalent cases and some of the industry's fastest growing innovations.
Headquartered in Deerfield, Illinois, Beam is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol BEAM and is included in the S&P 500 Index and the MSCI World Index. For more information on Beam, its brands, and its commitment to social responsibility, please visit www.beamglobal.com and www.drinksmart.com.
Jacob's Ghost™ Whiskey, 40% Alc./Vol.
©2013 James B. Beam Distilling Co., Clermont, KY.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
[1] Directions Research Concept Test, April 2012
Dan Cohen |
Heidi Chapp |
Beam Inc. |
Edelman |
847-444-7657 |
312-297-6994 |
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Craftsman 23 pc. Professional Tap and Die Set
Item# 00952384000 | Model# 52384Specifications & Dimensions
Product Overview: | |
Product Type: | Tap & die sets |
Quantity in Set: | 39 pc. |
Units Type: | SAE and Metric |
Warranties & Coverage: | |
Warranty Detail Link: | craftsman warranty |
Ratings & Reviews
Overall, others give this:
Reviewers may have received a benefit, like a sweepstakes entry or rewards program points, in exchange for writing a review.
Those benefits were not conditioned on the positive or negative content of the review.
Forney, TX
via sears.com
I bought this thinking that because it said "professional" in the title, that it was going to be the same type of tap and die set that I had that also said professional. The difference is I was looking for High Speed Steel and Made in America and I got Carbon Steel and Made in China. Apparently the Sears website for whatever reason no longer as the Standard size version of the set I was looking for, just the metric set. I was able to find the product I was looking for on ****.
- Qualifying Orders $59 SHIP FREE Offer ends 10-Jul-2013 See details.
- Use your Sears Card and Save! Extra 5% off Tool items Sold By Sears when you use your Sears Card. Offer ends 31-Dec-2013 See details.
- Online Only! Extra 15% off select tools Sold by Sears! Offer ends 20-Jun-2013 See details.


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Updated 03/03/2013 10:13 AM
By: Mahsa Saeidi
Family and friends of Reynaldo Cuevas, the bodega worker accidentally shot and killed by an NYPD officer in September, said that the officer who shot him should be stripped of his badge.
"He didn't want to die that night," said Jessebell Batista, Cuevas' girlfriend.
Surveillance video captured the armed robbery at the corner store of 169th Street and Franklin Avenue in the Bronx.
Cuevas, who worked inside the bodega, ran out to flee the gunmen.
That's when he collided with Officer Ramysh Bangali, who was responding to the scene.
The officer had his gun drawn, and police sid the impact apparently caused it to go off.
"It's been very hard," Batista said. "But basically, when we do these marches, it's like we feel more connected to him."
A spokesperson for the Bronx District Attorney's office said that after reviewing the evidence, they found that the officer is not criminally responsible for the 20-year-old's death.
The three men who allegedly robbed the store, have been charged.
Cuevas' supporters said that's not good enough.
"The system has to be changed to have an independent prosecutor investigate and prosecute cases of police misconduct in this state," said Sanford Rubenstein, the family attorney.
"The mother don't feel that this officer should be in this community because the simple fact is, she's afraid that somebody else's son could end up like Reynaldo Cuevas ended up," said Jose LaSalle, who organized the march.
The attorney for the family said they will file a $25 million wrongful death civil action suit against the officer and the city on Monday.
The NYPD said that they always conduct their own investigations into incidents like this to determine whether the officer was in violation of department rules.


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Construction & Repair
We all have things around the house that are in need of minor construction and repair but that don't necessarily need a lot of time and money to fix. Luckily, Sam's Club has a great selection of construction supplies, repair supplies and safety equipment at low prices so you will be able to find everything you need to do all those small jobs around the house or office quickly and easily.
Updated Daily!
Cosco Commercial 3-Step Folding Step Stool, 300lb Duty, 20-1/2wx32-5/8dx52-1/8h, Gray
Item #: 105878
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Rubbermaid Safety Cone with Multi-Lingual "Caution, Wet Floor"
Item #: 104769
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Low | High | Notes | |
20/04/2008 To 20/12/2010 | US $18 | US $35 | per one room, included the breakfast, |
Asia Paradis hotel in Hanoi old quarter
Ha Noi, Vietnam Bed & Breakfasts
Offering our guests the convenience of personalized services, Asia Paradise Hotel is rated as one of the best 3 star hotels in Hanoi to accommodate you with the comforts and luxuries as of a 3 star boutique hotel at an affordable price....
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Best Western Pearl River hotel
Hai Phong, Vietnam Bed & Breakfasts
The 4-star Best Western Pearl River Hotel Haiphong welcomes its guests at its 9 storey state-of-art hotel building featuring 101 elegantly appointed guest rooms, meeting, conference and banquet facilities for up to ...
US $105 Per Night
Cao Son Ecolodge
Lao Cai, Vietnam Bed & Breakfasts
Offering best accommodation in Cao Son Vietnam. Cao Son Ecolodge, Cao Son adventure, Cao Son trekking, Cao Son markets...
US $30 Per Night
Welcome to Hoang Ha Sapa Hotel.
Lao Cai, Vietnam Hotels & Resorts
Hoang Ha Sapa Hotel is warm and friendly that welcomes travellers from all over the world. We have wealth of experience in the industry and know what travellers value and need during their stay....
Starting at US $15 Per Night
Sapa Starlight Hotel
Lao Cai, Vietnam Youth Hostels
Sapa Starlight hotel, one of those great finds, located strategically in the heart of Sapa town; a stone throw from the night market and within easy walking distance of everything in Sapa town. The hotel occupies an unprecedented location overlooking...
US $15 Per Night
Golden Lake Hotel
Ha Noi, Vietnam Hotels & Resorts
Welcome to Golden Lake Hotel!
Golden Lake hotel is ideally located at the very heart of Hanoi, surrounded by many cafes, restaurants and typical shops, especially just a minute walk to the famous Hoan Kiem Lake. Guest really enjoys excited locatio...
US $49 Per Night/Room
Hanoi Mikes Hotel
Ha Noi, Vietnam Hotels & Resorts
Hanoi Mikes Hotel - Botique hotel in Hanoi where you can enjoy your time to relax and join some tours to travel arround Vietnam,
Botique hotel is also the travel agent so if can join any tours to Halong bay or Sapa with the best quality ...
US $23 Per Night/Room
Ocean Stars 2 Hotel
Ha Noi, Vietnam Hotels & Resorts
We want you to smile, so here's the "Ocean Stars 2 hotel ": an unsurpassed central location PLUS a great price EQUALS incomparable value. For business or leisure, compare our rates, location and quality. We're confident you will be satisfied and look...
US $18 Per Night
Hanoi Rendezvous Hotel: The Real Hanoi Experience
Ha Noi, Vietnam Hotels & Resorts
Managed by two energetic Australian's; Luke and Sarah, Hanoi Rendezvous Hotel is a newly renovated hotel in the heart of Vietnam's capital city, Hanoi.Located in Hoan Kiem district; The Old Quarter is Hanoi's most popular tourist destination....
US $20 Per Night
Hanoi Emerald Hotel
Ha Noi, Vietnam Hotels & Resorts
Hanoi Emerald Hotel is a new opening hotel in Hanoi Old Quarter, we offers 20 moderm rooms with tradittional style, private computer, window and well equiped. The warm welcome and friendly staffs will make your stay unforgetable....
US $30 Per Night
Halong Best Cruises
Ha Noi, Vietnam Sailing & Yacht Charters
Halong Best Cruises Official Website – Your Holiday Cruise Specialists – discounted online cruise bookings...
US $70 Per Night
Great trekking and homestay in Sapa, Vietnam
Lao Cai, Vietnam Hiking & Trekking
Stunning trek and great combination of homestay & eco-lodge.
Starting at US $405 Per Person
Conquer Mount Fansipan, the roof of indochina
Lao Cai, Vietnam Hiking & Trekking
At 3143m Mt. Fansipan is the highest peak in Indochina, this remote trek provides plenty to see and absorb, from the scattered rocks inscribed with drawings and designs of unknown origin.
Starting at US $396 Per Person
Anasia Travel Vietnam
Ha Noi, Vietnam Sight-Seeing Tours
Anasia Travel have available various tour programs for individuals or small/large groups. Besides, we can design the itineraries upon the customers' request.
Hanoi Asia Palace Hote great Location
Ha Noi, Vietnam Sight-Seeing Tours
Located at the heart of Hanoi Old Quarter, our Hanoi Asia Palace Hotel proud to be one of the most nice and luxury hotel in Capital City. Our ideal location makes it convenient for guests to approach must see destinations such Hoan Kiem lake,Ngoc Son...
23 Euro Per Night/Room
VIETNAM TOUR- HANOI CITY- HA LONG BAY ,3days
Ha Noi, Vietnam Sight-Seeing Tours
Explore Charming Hanoi and do the O/n Boat trip through majestic Halong bay. Enjoy beautiful landscape of Halong naturally formed by islands and islets, explore natural caves ThienCung, DauGo. Lunch with seafood.Return Hanoi. Enjoy water puppet show....
Starting at US $290 Per Trip
Thien Thao Hotel Ho Chi Minh City
Central, Vietnam Bed & Breakfasts
Located in the middle of City Center and China Town - the heart of Ho Chi Minh City, Thien Thao Hotel is ideal for tourists and business travelers alike....
Starting at US $34 Per Night
Koto hotel in Hanoi's Old Quarter.
Central, Vietnam Bed & Breakfasts
Offering comfortable accommodation and convenient facilities, the Koto hotel is an ideal place to reside for both business and leisure travellers visiting Hanoi....
Camel City hotel -Budget Hotel in Hanoi
Central, Vietnam Bed & Breakfasts
Camel City Hotel in the very heart of Hanoi, brings you complete experience and feelings about Hanoi, especially Old Quarter life. Camel City Hotel is splendidly located on one of the renowned 36 ancient streets, within 5mins walking to the lake....
Starting at US $25 Per Night
Nice apartments for rent in Hoan Kiem,Tay Ho Hanoi
Central, Vietnam Bed & Breakfasts
Vip Apartment in Hoan Kiem.
* Location :Pacific Place building
* Good location in Hoan Kie Dst
* 3 bedrooms, living room, kitchen,Garden.
* Fully furnished and well equipped
* Garage, Gym, saunna etc
* International management
* 24/24 receptio...
Starting at US $120 Per Night
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SOURCE: Valley Auto Loans
Acclaimed provider of bad credit auto loans service http://valleyautoloan.com/ has recently published an informative blog post explaining how divorce can affect auto loans. Valley Auto Loans is extremely popular in the lending market for their dedicated auto loan support for applicants without good credit history.
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When is mule deer season in Texas?Joe
Posted By JoeTermite on 08 Feb 2013 04:05 PM Yo flags. Since I own 75 acres in south jersey I can shoot white tails any time I want. I just want to shoot something different. Have shot black bears and boar. Oh I also live 15 minutes from the ocean. This summer when I am 75 miles out in the ocean catching tuna and marlin,on my boat, I will give you a thought, but not much of one. The reason i am not going to Colorado is that I am not going to take my hunting safty course over again just to show someone in your state I have one. I have better things to do with my time and yours is not the only state with mule deer. Hopefully this will be the last we discuss this with each other. Joe Oh my wife just told me we have three deer in the back yard, gotta get up and look
Anyone born on or aft er Jan. 1, 1949, must have completed an approved hunter education course sanctioned by a state or province before applying for or purchasing a license. Colorado honors hunter education courses from other states and provinces.That came straight out of the 2012 hunting regulations that are posted online at: http://wildlife.state.co.us/SiteCol...iggame.pdf
Ok you two. Trying to best each other has run its course. You are beginning to sound childish. Put an end to it.
Posted By bigrig on 16 Feb 2013 10:55 AM Ok you two. Trying to best each other has run its course. You are beginning to sound childish. Put an end to it.
Posted By bigrig on 17 Feb 2013 08:49 AM You haven't been around as long as I or some of the other members have.
Posted By bigrig on 22 Feb 2013 07:24 AM Hey flags: I just looked at the profiles like you said that I should. The profiiles aren't accurate. The reason for this is that the club redid the site. That changed all the dates and the number of posts everyone had made. Everyone started at zero posts all over again. I have actually been on the site since 1998. If you look at all the profiles. I think you'll find that everyone started at basically the same time. Cashman, Shiloh, and a few others had been on this long before I have.Are you still in the military? What branch, for how long? What rank are you?