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Foreign relations of Taiwan
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The foreign relations of Taiwan, constitutionally and officially the Republic of China,[1][2] are the relations between the Republic of China and other countries. Republic of China is recognized by 22 United Nations member states, as well as by the Holy See. ROC maintains diplomatic relations with those countries, as well as unofficial relations with other countries via its representative offices and consulates.
Republic of China participated in the Moscow Conference (1943), the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and was a charter member of the United Nations. In 1949, the Nationalists lost Chinese Civil War in mainland China and retreated to Taiwan. Despite major loss of territory, they continued to be recognized as the legitimate government of China by the UN and by many non-Communist states. In 1971, the UN expelled ROC and transferred China's seat to PRC. As a result, the Republic of China lost its membership in all the intergovernmental organizations related to the UN. The UN and related organizations like International Court of Justice are the most common venues for effective execution of international law and serve as the international community for states in the post-World War II period, consequently, a majority of the countries aligned with the West in the Cold War terminated diplomatic relations with ROC and recognized PRC instead. However, as the Republic of China fulfills all the requirements in Article 3, 4, 5, 6 and 110,[3][4] and United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 had bypassed Article 6 for the expulsion of ROC membership in the UN without recommendation from the Security Council at the time of expulsion, that ROC's de jure seat is currently stolen by the People's Republic of China in the United Nations under the UN Charter (for more, see Chapter II of the United Nations Charter). ROC continues to maintain de facto relations[5][6] with most of the non-governmental organizations[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] at the United Nations, in addition with the concern from UNESCO.[14] Exclusively, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, which is entitled by the founding of the United Nations as the cornerstone of modern-day diplomacy since the Vienna Congress, was signed and ratified by the Republic of China on 18 April 1961 and 19 December 1969.[15]
ROC is one of the main supporters of official development assistance.[16] As of 2010, along with other US security allies including Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and South Korea in the Asia-Pacific region with Taiwan Relations Act, officials of ROC have gained quasi-official level visits to the United States both in the governmental and political level, including the US-Taiwan cooperative military guidance[17][18][19] in the annual Han Kuang joint-force exercises.[20] Taiwan's GDP by nominal means is ahead of several G20 economies of global financial governance.[21] In the context of international norm of tabula rasa, there is a variety of forms for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of ROC as a formal organization, regardless of crossing the subject of statehood as a sui generis subject of international law[22] abiding by the reference of a priori and a posteriori of the international law, to participate in the international organizations as defined by the international organizational norms and Union of International Associations.[23][24][25]
Historical background [edit]
Taiwan was annexed by Japan in 1895 after the First Sino-Japanese War. In the Northern Expedition, the Nationalists defeated the warlords of the Beiyang clique and established a unified government for China in Nanjing. The United States recognized Nationalist China on July 25, 1928, the first government to do so.[26] The Japanese occupied much of China during World War II. After Japan's defeat in 1945, a civil war between the Nationalists and the Communists followed. The Communists gained control of the mainland in 1949 and proclaimed the People's Republic of China, while the Nationalists fled to Taiwan. In 1952, Taiwan was ceded by Japan in the Treaty of San Francisco.
In 1916, A.P. Winston, the author of "Chinese Finance Under the Republic," said that the "chief sources of information on those matters of discussion which have been subjects of diplomacy" were official publications from the United Kingdom.[27] Winston explained that few official reports from the Chinese government aside from the maritime customs sector had appeared at that point, and that the government of the Republic of China was "too poor, perhaps still too secretive, to make regular and full publication of statistics."[27]
This section requires expansion with: Second World War operations in Burma, Yalta Conference, Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Nationalists fleeing into exile in Taiwan in 1949, the 1952 San Francisco Peace Treaty and Treaty of Taipei, UN, Taiwan Strait Incidents, Korean War, Tachen retreat. (August 2008) |
International disputes [edit]
The 1970s saw a switch in diplomatic recognition from ROC to PRC, with countries like the United States, Japan, and Canada making the switch during that decade. In October 1971, Resolution 2758 was passed by the UN General Assembly, expelling "the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek" and transferred China's seat on the Security Council to PRC. The resolution declared that "the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China are the only lawful representatives of China to the United Nations."
Many attempts by ROC to rejoin the UN, in recent years, have not made it past committee, under fierce opposition and threatened vetoes by PRC. Attempts under President Chen Shui-bian attempted the argument that Resolution 2758, replacing ROC with PRC in 1971, only addressed the question of who should have China's seat in the UN, rather than whether an additional seat for the Taiwan Area can be created to represent the 23 million people on Taiwan and other islands. The argument, however, has not been accepted by the UN.
As of 2011, 22 UN member states and the Holy See officially recognize ROC.
On less official terms, Taiwan is involved in a complex dispute for control over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; and over the Paracel Islands, occupied by China, but claimed by Vietnam and by Taiwan. Taiwan claims the Japanese-administered Senkaku Islands, which are called the Diaoyu Islands in Taiwan and China.
On November 7, 2003, diplomatic ties were established with Kiribati. However, ROC did not demand that ties be broken with PRC, and ROC Foreign Minister Eugene Chien said that he would not reject having both sides of the Taiwan Strait recognized simultaneously.[28] PRC also broke precedent by not cutting ties until November 29 and spent the interim lobbying for Kiribati President Anote Tong to reverse his decision. The decision to hold off for weeks was possibly due to the strategic importance of China's satellite tracking base on Kiribati, which had been used for Shenzhou V and thought to have been used to spy on a U.S. missile range in the Marshall Islands.
Relations and changes [edit]
List of countries with diplomatic relations with Taiwan [edit]
Dates indicate establishment or duration of relations; * indicates an embassy in Taipei
Africa (4 states)
Central and South America, and Caribbean Community (12 states)
Of these countries, the Dominican Republic and Guatemala are the most economically substantial. Panama established diplomatic relations with China in 1909, and has maintained relations with Taipei from 1949 up until the present.[29]
Kiribati established diplomatic relations with ROC on 7 November 2003, switching recognition from the PRC.[30] Saudi Arabia ended their diplomatic relations with ROC in 1990. South Korea was the last country in Asia which had an official diplomatic relations with ROC, but also ended their diplomatic relations in 1992.
South Africa switched recognition to PRC in 1998. Liberia switched from PRC to ROC in 1989, and back to PRC in October 2003. On March 31, 2004, Dominica ended its recognition, which began in 1983, because of offers from PRC to provide $117 million over six years. The Republic of Macedonia recognized ROC in 1999 but switched diplomatic recognition in 2001 after PRC imposed economic sanctions and used a rare veto on the UN Security Council to block peacekeeping efforts.[31]
Taiwan has non-diplomatic, unofficial relations with the European Union and at least 47 states, recognizing the People's Republic of China, that maintain "Economic, Trade and/or Cultural" (or similar) offices in Taiwan. These relations are not inter-governmental nor are they officially diplomatic or political. However, they ultimately do function as de facto 'embassies', including the processing of visas, cultural exchanges and to some extent, unofficial diplomatic and governmental exchanges.[32] For example, the American Institute in Taiwan functions as the United States' de facto 'embassy' in Taiwan with the chairman and staff acting as 'unofficial' government consulate officers who nevertheless perform duties that official embassies would undertake. As a result, they do function as official representatives of each of their own respected governments despite being designated 'Economic, Trade and/or Cultural offices' and their policy as being 'non-inter-governmental' (accomplished as to not anger China).
The following states, recognizing Beijing, do not maintain any representation in Taiwan (including any non-political, non-diplomatic, non inter-governmental representation):
- America: Bahamas, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay
- Europe: Iceland, Norway, Portugal, Andorra, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Luxembourg, Malta, Cyprus, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
- Asia: Lebanon, Syria, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, North Korea
- Oceania: Timor-Leste, Cook Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Federated States of Micronesia, Vanuatu
- Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Ethiopia, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mauritius, Comoros, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho.
List of de facto or de jure states and entities with no relations with either Taiwan or China [edit]
The following list includes Bhutan, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and some of the states with limited recognition:
- Abkhazia – Recognized by six UN member states. Taiwan does not recognize Abkhazia.
- Bhutan – Bhutan has no diplomatic relations with either China or Taiwan, but voted in favour of Beijing's entry into the UN in 1971 and conducts relations with China through their respective missions in India[33] and has honorary consulates in Hong Kong and Macau. Taiwan recognizes Bhutan.[34]
- Kosovo – Recognized by 99 UN states. Taiwan recognizes Kosovo.[35]
- Nagorno-Karabakh Republic - Taiwan does not recognize Nagorno-Karabakh.
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic – recognized by 50 UN states, claimed by Morocco. Taiwan does not recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.[36]
- Somaliland - Taiwan does not recognize Somaliland.
- South Ossetia – Recognized by five UN member states. Taiwan does not recognize South Ossetia.
- Sovereign Military Order of Malta – sovereign entity without territory, established diplomatic relations with 104 states. Taiwan recognizes the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.[37]
- Transnistria - Taiwan does not recognize Transnistria.
- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus – Recognized by Turkey. Taiwan does not recognize the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.[38]
Number of countries recognizing Taipei and Beijing [edit]
Year | Recognition of Taipei[39] | Recognition of Beijing |
1950 | ||
1969 | 71 | 48 |
1971 | 68 | 53 |
1973 | 31 | 89 |
1978 | 21 | 112 |
1986 | 23 | 134 |
1990 | 28 | 139 |
2012 | 23 | 172 |
Countries that have switched recognition from Taiwan to China after 1949 [edit]
Taiwan has publicly feared that if any one state should switch its recognition to Beijing, it would create a domino effect, encouraging other states to do so as well.[40] The Holy See (Vatican) – the only European state to recognize Taiwan – made efforts in 2007 to create formal ties with Beijing.[41] High-ranking bishops in the Catholic Church have implied that such a diplomatic move was possible,[42] predicated on China's granting more freedom of religion[43] and interfering less in the hierarchy of the Chinese Catholic church.[44]
Country | Period of recognition of Taiwan or Nationalist China |
Albania | to 1949 |
Afghanistan | to 1955 |
Argentina | to 1972 |
Australia | to 1972 |
Austria | to 1971 |
Bahamas | 1989 to 1997 |
Belgium | 1928 to 1971 |
Bolivia | to 1985 |
Botswana | to 1975 |
Brazil | 1928 to 1974 |
Bulgaria | to 1949 |
Burma | to 1950 |
Cameroon | to 1971 |
Canada | to 1970 |
Central African Republic | 1962 to 1964, 1968 to 1976, 1991 to 1998 |
Ivory Coast | to 1983 |
Chad | 1962 to 1972, 1997 to 2006[45] |
Chile | to 1970 |
Colombia | to 1979 |
Congo-Brazzaville | to 1972 |
DR Congo | 1960 to 1961[46] |
Costa Rica | 1944 to 2007[47] |
Cuba | 1928 to 1960 |
Czechoslovakia | to 1949 |
Dahomey | to 1964 |
Denmark | 1928 to 1950 |
Dominica | 1983 to 2004 |
Egypt | to 1956 |
Ecuador | to 1980 |
Equatorial Guinea | to 1970 |
Finland | to 1950 |
France | 1928 to 1964 |
Gabon | to 1974 |
Greece | to 1972 |
Grenada | 1989 to 2005 |
Guinea | to 1959 |
Guinea-Bissau | 1990 to 1998 |
Hungary | to 1949 |
Iceland | to 1971 |
India | to 1950 |
Indonesia | to 1950 |
Iran | to 1971 |
Iraq | to 1958 |
Israel | to 1950 |
Italy | to 1970 |
Jamaica | to 1972 |
Japan | 1952 to 1972 |
Jordan | to 1977 |
Kuwait | to 1971 |
Laos | to 1962 |
Lebanon | to 1971 |
Lesotho | 1966 to 1983, 1990 to 1994 |
Liberia | 1957 to 1977, 1989 to 1993, 1997 to 2003 |
Libya | to 1971 |
Liechtenstein | to 1950 |
Luxembourg | to 1972 |
Macedonia | 1999 to 2001 |
Madagascar | to 1972 |
Malawi | 1966 to 2008[48] |
Malaysia | 1957 to 1974 |
Mexico | 1928 to 1972 |
Mongolia | 1946 to 1949 |
Monaco | to 1995 |
Morocco | to 1958 |
Netherlands | 1928 to 1950 |
Nepal | to 1955 |
New Zealand | to 1972 |
Nicaragua | to 1985 |
Niger | 1963 to 1974, 1992 to 1996 |
Nigeria | 1960 to 1971 |
Norway | 1928 to 1950 |
Pakistan | 1947 to 1951 |
Peru | to 1971 |
Philippines | 1948 to 1975 |
Poland | to 1949 |
Portugal | 1928 to 1979 |
Romania | to 1949 |
San Marino | to 1971 |
Saudi Arabia | 1946 to 1990 |
Senegal | 1969 to 1972, 1996 to 2005 |
Sierra Leone | to 1971 |
South Africa | 1976 to 1998[49] |
Spain | 1928 to 1973 |
Soviet Union | 1929 to 1949 |
South Korea | 1949 to 1992 |
South Vietnam | to 1975[50] |
Sudan | to 1959 |
Sri Lanka | to 1950 |
Sweden | 1928 to 1950 |
Switzerland | to 1950 |
Syria | to 1956 |
Thailand | to 1975 |
Togo | to 1972 |
Tonga | 1972 to 1998 |
Turkey | to 1971[51] |
Uganda | to 1962 |
United Arab Emirates | to 1984 |
United Kingdom | 1928 to 1950 |
United States | 1928 to 1979 |
Uruguay | 1966 to 1988 |
Vanuatu | 2004-11-03 to 2004-11-10[52] |
Venezuela | 1944 to 1974 |
West Germany | to 1972 |
Yemen | to 1956 |
Yugoslavia | to 1955 |
Countries that have never recognised Taipei, but do recognise Beijing [edit]
Country | Period of recognition |
Ethiopia | Did not recognize either state until 1970. Recognized Beijing in 1970. |
Ireland | Did not recognize either state until 1979. Recognized Beijing in 1979. |
Singapore | Did not recognize either state until 1990. Recognized Beijing in 1991. |
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Bilateral relations [edit]
India [edit]
Taiwan is included in the Look East policy by India. The bilateral relations between India and Taiwan have improved since the 1990s despite both nations not maintaining official diplomatic relations.[53][54] India recognizes only the People's Republic of China. However, India's economic and commercial links as well as people-to-people contacts with Taiwan have expanded in recent years.[53] Taiwan also has border disputes with India in the Constitution of the Republic of China, which disputes the validity of the McMahon Line claiming Arunanchal Pradesh, a state in India, as part of South Tibet.
Iran [edit]
On June 1, 1920, a friendship agreement was signed between the governments of China and Iran. Ratifications were exchanged on February 6, 1922, and the agreement went into effect on the same day.[55] These relations came to an end in 1971, and Tehran recognized Beijing.
Japan [edit]
Japan-Taiwan relations are guided by the 1972 Japan-PRC Joint Communique. Japan has maintained non-governmental, working-level relations with Taiwan ever since.
Mongolia [edit]
Until 1945 Nationalist China claimed sovereignty over Mongolia, but under Soviet pressure and as part of the Sino-Soviet Friendship treaty of August 1945, it recognized Mongolian independence. In 1953, due to the deterioration of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, it revoked this recognition and kept considering it a part of mainland China.[56][57]
On 3 October 2002 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Taiwan recognizes Mongolia as an independent country,[58] although no legislative actions were taken to address concerns over its constitutional claims to Mongolia.[59] A Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office was opened in Ulaanbaatar, and Taipei excluded Mongolia from the definition of the "mainland area" for administrative purposes. In 2006, old laws regulating the formation of banners and monasteries in Outer Mongolia were repealed. Offices established to support Taipei's claims over Outer Mongolia, such as the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission,[60] lie dormant.[61] However, the official borders of the Republic of China have not been changed via a vote of the National Assembly (as required by the Constitution prior to 2005) or via a referendum (as required by the Constitution after amendments made in 2005).[62] The official status of recognition is currently ambiguous, though in practice Mongolia is treated as an ordinary foreign power.
Paraguay [edit]
The partnership between the anti-communist governments of General Alfredo Stroessner and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was quite natural. Many Paraguayan officers went for training in Fu Hsing Kang College in Taiwan.[63]
The ousting of Stroessner in 1989, and his successor Andrés Rodríguez's reinventing himself as a democratically elected president, were immediately followed by invitations from Beijing to switch diplomatic recognition.[64] However, the Taiwanese ambassador, Wang Sheng, and his diplomats were able to convince the Paraguayans that continuing the relationship with Taiwan, and thus keeping Taiwan's development assistance and access to Taiwan's markets, would be more advantageous for Paraguay.
People's Republic of China [edit]
The relations between Taiwan and mainland China, have been complicated by history and politics.
Neither Taipei nor Beijing sees their relations as foreign relations. The government position that both Taiwan and mainland China are parts of the same state is not universally accepted in Taiwan. In particular, the pro-independence Pan-Green Coalition considers Taiwan and China to be different countries. By contrast, the pro-reunification Pan-Blue Coalition take the view that both Taiwan and mainland China are parts of the same state, the Republic of China. Former president Lee Tung-hui described these relations as "Special State-to-State Relations".[65] The subsequent administrations of President Chen Shui-bian described Taiwan and China by saying "...with Taiwan and China on each side of the Taiwan Strait, each side is a country.". Current President Ma Ying-jeou has returned to the government position of the early 1990s, calling relations with Beijing special relations between two areas within one state. That state according to Taiwan is the Republic of China, and due to constitutional reasons, neither Taipei nor Beijing recognises each other as a legitimate government.[66][67][68]
The term preferred by Taiwanese and Chinese governments is "cross-strait relations", referring to the geographical separator, the Taiwan Strait. The constitutional position of Taipei is that the territory of the Republic of China is divided into the "Mainland Area" and the "Free Area" (also known as "Taiwan Area"). Administratively, cross-strait relations are not conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Taiwan, but by the Mainland Affairs Council, an instrumental of the Executive Yuan. The relations with Hong Kong and Macau are also conducted by the Mainland Affairs Council, although not all regulations applicable to mainland China are automatically applied to those territories.
Consistently with the policies of both governments, Taiwanese and Chinese governments do not directly interact. Talks are conducted by China's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) and Taiwan's Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF), formally privately constituted bodies that are controlled and directly answerable to the executive branch of their respective governments.
Until the late 1990s Hong Kong and Macau were British and Portuguese colonies respectively. They provided neutral detour points for people and goods moving from one side of the strait to the other. They, as well as Singapore, also served as venues for talks between the two sides at that time. One outcome of such talks in neutral venues was the 1992 Consensus, arising from a meeting in Hong Kong in 1992. Under this consensus, the two sides agree that both Taiwan and mainland China are under the same single sovereignty of China, but the two sides agree to disagree on which side is the legitimate representative of that sovereignty. Setting aside that disagreement, the two sides agreed to co-operate on practical matters, such as recognising certifications authenticated by the other side.[69]
Relations between Taipei and Beijing have warmed since the election of President Ma Ying-jeou of the Kuomintang in 2008, with the promotion of cross-strait links and increased economic and social interchanges between the two sides which has seen the economy of Taiwan grow and recover from President Chen Shui-bian's two terms of office. The thawed tensions across the Taiwan Strait is not welcomed by the Pan-Green Coalition in Taiwan for the Taiwan independence movement.
Philippines [edit]
The Philippines recognize the One China Policy but has relations with Taiwan through the Manila Economic and Cultural Office in Taipei and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Manila. Both offices were established in 1975 and were organized as non-profit and non-stock private corporations.
Russia [edit]
In the Chinese Civil War, the Soviet Union had a tumultuous yet strategic relations with the Kuomintang-led Nationalist China until 1949 with the proclamation of the People's Republic of China and the subsequent military takeover of Mainland China by the Chinese Communist Party. In the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, the Soviet Union under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev recommended the internationalization of the Taiwan Question and appealed to the United Nations and other multilateral organizations to erase the crisis, further, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union called for the Ten Nations Summit in New Delhi to discuss the issue and eradicate the military tension on September 27, 1958 and undermined as one of the precursors of the latter Sino-Soviet split.[70] Since the formation of the Russian Federation, Taiwan has exported many ferric materials to Russia in 2004-2005. In 2005, the total amount of the trade between the two economies was $2,188,944,473. Russia also has a representative office in Taipei,[71] and Republic of China has a representative office in Moscow.[72] According to the data, Russia keeps a positive balance in its trade relations with Taiwan mainly from crude oil, cast iron and steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemical products, ferroalloys, coking coal, timber, and chemical fertilizers. Russia imports mostly electronics and electronic parts, computers and computer parts, and home appliances. The two countries cooperate closely and intensely by establishing unofficial diplomatic relations since 1993~1996. Taipei is targeting Russia for exporting opportunities and marketing potentials and this mutually-beneficial relationship is effective, especially under the framework of APEC.[73] The two nations currently have a legal dispute over Tannu Uriankhai.
Singapore [edit]
Singapore had maintained unofficial relations with both ROC and PRC until 1992. It was decided in the Second Ministerial Meeting of APEC as chaired by Singapore in 1990 for the inclusion of ROC commencing from the Third Ministerial Meeting in Seoul.[74] After the establishment of diplomatic ties between Singapore and PRC on October 3, 1992, it continues to maintain close economic and military ties with Taiwan as part of its attempt to position itself as a neutral party to both sides. This is, however, a diplomatically delicate situation which has flared up occasionally. A severe diplomatic row broke out between China and Singapore when Lee Hsien Loong visited Taiwan a month before being sworn-in as the Prime Minister of Singapore on 12 August 2004.[75] The Singaporean defence ministry took great pains to correct an erroneous report in the Liberty Times on a joint military exercise between the Singapore and Taiwan in March 2005.[76] Still, Singapore is the only foreign country to maintain military training camps in Taiwan, and continues to regularly send infantry, artillery, and armoured personnel there for training annually. There has been talk in recent years, however, of the possibility of moving some or all of these facilities to Hainan following an offer by the PRC, although this may not be taken up due to sensitivities in diplomatic relations between Singapore and its defence ally, USA.[77][78] On the issue of United Nations participation for Taiwan, there was a heated exchange of views between George Yong-Boon Yeo and Mark Chen Tang-shan in 2004 between the two Foreign Ministers of the two countries.[79]
South Korea [edit]
South Korea was the last Asian country that had an official diplomatic relations with ROC. Relations between Republic of China and South Korea date back to 4 January 1949, four months after the formal establishment of the South Korean government, when ROC set up an embassy in Seoul's Myeongdong district. However, on 23 August 1992 ROC severed diplomatic relations with South Korea in advance of the latter's announcement of formal recognition of PRC.
United States [edit]
Commercial (such as Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, TIFA[80][81][82]), cultural, and other relations between "the people of the United States" and "the people on Taiwan" are currently governed by the Taiwan Relations Act. The Act does not recognize the terminology of "Republic of China" after January 1, 1979.[83] Taiwan has been mentioned in the Three Communiqués between the United States and China. Taiwanese passport holders are included in the US Visa Waiver Program for the stay of 90 days that commences on November 1, 2012.[84] After 1979, US-Taiwan Business Council continues to provide the commercial avenue and arms sales service from United States of America to Republic of China. [85][86][87]
Similar positions on Taiwan are taken by a majority of countries. Twenty-three states recognize ROC only. During the 1990s, ROC actively encouraged such recognition through generous grants of foreign aid. In the 2000s, this strategy was abandoned because PRC could outbid ROC with foreign aid, and the spending of large sums of money to buy recognition became quite unpopular in Taiwan.
In the 2000s, the diplomatic strategy of ROC appears to have shifted to encourage "democratic solidarity" with major powers, such as the United States, Europe, and Japan.
In 2007, a measure was introduced into the United States Congress that would dramatically strengthen U.S. ties with Taiwan.[88] The United States House of Representatives passed a resolution calling for the lift of United States government curbs on visits by high-ranking or top ROC officials. The Resolution noted that "whenever high-level visitors from Taiwan, including the President, seek to come to the United States, their requests result in a period of complex, lengthy and humiliating negotiations." In an additional note on the resolution, it said: "Lifting these restrictions will help bring a friend and ally of the United States out of its isolation, which will be beneficial to peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific Region."[89]
A bill was also introduced by U.S. lawmakers to back the UN bid by Taiwan. The bill stated that Taiwan and its 23 million people "deserve membership in the United Nations" and that the United States should fulfill a commitment "to more actively support Taiwan's membership in appropriate international organizations." The bill was introduced on 8 November 2007, at the House Foreign Affairs Committee by 18 Republican legislators and one Democrat. Congressional records show that the move was led by New Jersey Republican Representative Scott Garrett.[90]
Official diplomatic relations are currently nonexistent, as the United States ended them in 1979 as a prerequisite for establishing ties with the PRC. Unofficial diplomatic relations are nevertheless maintained on both sides by means of de facto embassies, which are technically "private organizations" staffed by career diplomats who are formally "on leave". ROC's de facto embassy network is the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) with offices in Washington, D.C., and 12 other U.S. cities, as well as many other countries without official ties to ROC. The Americans' analogous organization is the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT). As of 2010, officials of ROC have gained quasi-official level visits to the United States both in the governmental and political level.[20]
Venezuela [edit]
In 2007 Venezuela decided not to renew visas for five members of ROC commercial representation in Caracas.[91] Relations with Venezuela have worsened because of the increasing partnership between the government of Venezuela and China.
Vietnam [edit]
ROC–Vietnam relations are conducted on an unofficial level, as Hanoi adheres to a one-China policy and officially recognises the People's Republic of China only. However, this has not stopped bilateral visits and significant flows of migrants and investment capital between ROC and Vietnam.[92] ROC is Vietnam's number one Foreign Direct Investment partner.[93]
Vietnam is the only communist country that has an unofficial foreign relationship with ROC.
Oceania [edit]
ROC maintains diplomatic relations with six countries in Oceania:Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, the Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. China has relations with eight others (including Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and Fiji). The Pacific is an area of intense and continuous diplomatic competition between Beijing and Taipei, with several countries (Nauru, Kiribati, Vanuatu) having switched diplomatic support from one to the other at least once. Both PRC and ROC provide development aid to their respective allies. In exchange, ROC allies support its membership bid in the United Nations. ROC is one of tiny Tuvalu and Nauru's most important economic partners.
In May 2008, ROC Foreign Minister James Huang resigned, along with two other top officials of the out-going Chen Shui-bian Administration, after wasting over €19 million in a failed attempt to win diplomatic recognition for ROC from Papua New Guinea. The misuse of the money caused public outrage, forcing Huang's resignation.[94] Papua New Guinea's foreign minister Sam Abal subsequently confirmed that his country had no intention of recognising ROC.[95]
The incident led Ma Ying-jeou, then president-elect, to call for what he referred to as a "cease-fire" in the competition between ROC and PRC for diplomatic allies.[96]
Relations with Europe [edit]
The European Union has earnestly emphasized Human Rights in its relations with ROC.[97] The European Union has unofficial relations[98] with Taiwan through European Economic and Trade Office. Taipei is one of the major trading partners with European Free Trade Association,[99] and in sum a potential trading partner with the Eurozone.[100] The European Parliament voted 559 votes to 40 with 13 abstentions and approved that Taiwanese passport holders with identity card number are exempted and do not require Schengen visa whilst visiting the Schengen Area on 11 November 2010 with similar Schengen granting to Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, South Korea and Singapore, and reciprocally ROC exempted visa for individuals from the Schengen Area.[101][102][103] For the debate concerning EU-Taiwan relations in the European Parliament, see.[104] Currently, there are 16 member states of the European Union that have established offices in Taipei, as well as several functional offices established by different member states.[105] Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium is the unofficial diplomatic representation of Taiwan in the EU.[106] British relations with Taiwan [107] with the formality of British Trade and Cultural Office [108] and the British Council in Taipei of United Kingdom are represented in Republic of China. Chinese Taipei is an observer [109][110][111] in the OECD, which is headquartered in Paris, France.
Relation with International organizations [edit]
Under Chinese pressure, ROC has been excluded from or downgraded in many international organizations. In other cases, ROC may retain full participation, due to the usage of names such as "Chinese Taipei" or "Taiwan, China".
Below is a list of such international organizations and the names as which Taiwan is known:
- Afro-Asian Rural Development Organization (participates as "Republic of China (Taiwan)")[112]
- Agency for international trade information and cooperation (AITIC) (participates as "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu")
- Amnesty International (AI) (participates as "Taiwan")[113][114][115]
- Asian and Oceanian Stock Exchanges Federation (AOSEF) (participates as "Taiwan Stock Exchange Corp.")[116][117]
- Association for Financial Professionals (AFP)[118] (provide country-specific information as "Taiwan")[119]
- Association of Future Markets[120] (AFM) (participates as "Taiwan Futures Exchange" (TAIFEX))[121]
- Asian Productivity Organization[122] (APO) (participates as Republic of China)[123][124][125][126]
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (on the basis of the Memorandum of Understanding of 1991[127][128] and partaking APEC Business Travel Card scheme) (participates as "Chinese Taipei")
- Asian Development Bank (ADB) (participates as "Taipei, China")[129]
- Association of Asian Election Authorities[130] (AAEA) (participates as "Republic of China (Taiwan)")[131]
- Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (referred to as "Taiwan")[132]
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International (participates as "Taiwan")
- Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) (participates as "Cross-Strait Common Market Foundation"[133])[134]
- Banco Centralamericano de Integración Economico (BCIE or CABEI) (participates as Republic of China)
- Caribbean Community (CARICOM) (with Member States of Belize, Haiti, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines recognizing Republic of China)
- Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units (participates as "Taiwan")[135]
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (has a long-standing cooperation with the EBRD as "Taipei China")[136]
- Food and Fertilizer Technology Center[137] (FFTC) (participates as "Taiwan")[138]
- Food and Agriculture Organization (due to PRC's political pressure, participates in various subsidiary organizations as "China - Taipei", including Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, Asia and Pacific Seed Association)[139]
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (included as "Taiwan, China"[140] as a separate identity which maintains official non-governmental relations with the IAEA in the Model Additional Protocol[141] apart from the People's Republic of China).
- International Association of Judges[142] (IAJ) (as a professional and non-political international organization, that the Association has consultative status with the United Nations (namely the International Labour Office and the U.N. Economic and Social Council) and with the Council of Europe, participates as "Republic of China (Taiwan)"[143])[144][145][146][147][148][149]
- International Association of Universities (UAI) (founded in 1950, is the UNESCO-based worldwide association of higher education institutions, participates institutionally by Tamkang University and officially as "China-Taiwan")[150][151]
- International Bar Association (IBA) (participates section-ally as "Taiwan")[152][153]
- International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO)[154] (There are 4 IB World Schools in Taiwan offering one or more of the three IB programmes,[155] and currently there is no university in Taiwan recognizes IB, which is deflecting from the global trend of educational development.[156])
- International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)[157] (ICC participates in the activities of UNCTAD,[158] including International Court of Arbitration) (participates as "Chinese Taipei")[159]
- International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) (affiliates by the Taipei Bar Association[160])[161][162]
- International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) (originally associated from the UNESCO,[163][164] participates as "Chinese Taipei".)[165]
- International Energy Agency (IEA) (included as a non-member country as "Chinese Taipei")[166]
- International Renewable Energy Agency (IREA) (referred to as "Taiwan" as IREA is co-hosted in the Steering Committee in the REN21)[167]
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)[168] (participates as "IEEE Taipei Section"[169] and "IEEE Tainan Section"[170])
- Institute of International Finance (IIF) (participates as Mega International Commercial Bank, "Taiwan, China")[171]
- International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP) (participates as "Taiwan Provincial Farmers Association")[172]
- International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) (participates as "Taiwan")[173]
- International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (participates as "Taiwan")[174]
- International Labour Organization (ILO) (referred to as "Taiwan, Province of China")[175]
- International Maritime Organization (IMO) (referred to as "Taiwan, Province of China")[176]
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) (referred to as "Taiwan Province of China")[177][178]
- International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education[179] (INQAAHE)[180] (participates as observer as "Taiwan")[181]
- International Olympic Committee (IOC) (participates as "Chinese Taipei" and bid for 2019 Asian Games by the Taipei City Government[182])[183]
- International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) (participates and affiliates as "Chinese Taipei")[184][185]
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) remains unofficial relations with the ICRC and referred as the "Taiwan Red Cross Organization" under the category of Public Sources.[186] (see page 476)
- International Federation of Audit Bureaux of Circulations (IFABC) (participates as "Chinese Taipei")[187]
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (referred to as "Taiwan, China")[188]
- International Union of Railways (UIC) (participates as "Taiwan (China)")[189]
- International Union of Forest Research Organizations (participates as "China -Taipei")[190]
- League of Historical Cities[191] (participates as Tainan, "Chinese Taipei")[192]
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (referred to as "Taiwan")[193][194][195]
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (participates as "Chinese Taipei" as an observer)[196]
- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (listed by economic cooperation as "Taiwan")[197]
- Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (conducts regular dialogue as Taiwan/ROC Forum countries dialogue and issues diplomatic Joint Statement at each dialogue conference)[198]
- Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) (participates as "Chinese Taipei")[199]
- Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMOs) (participates as a fishing entity on the basis of United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement)[200][201]
- Sistema de Integración Centroamericana (SICA) (participates as "Republic of China")[202]
- SEACEN[203] (participates as Central Bank, "Chinese Taipei")[204]
- Transparency International (TI) (to lend impetus on the formation of United Nations Convention against Corruption and OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, participates as "Chinese Taipei")[205]
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (referred to as "Taiwan")[206][207][208]
- United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) (to be considered separately from People's Republic of China, but has not attained neither CISG[209] status nor Model Law[210] status)[211]
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (referred to as "Taiwan Province of China")[212]
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN/DESA) (assorted as "Taiwan Province of China")[213]
- United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific(UNESCAP) (over-sighted as "Taiwan Province of China")[214][215][216]
- United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN–HABITAT) (included as "Taiwan Province of China")[217][218]
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (referred to as "Taiwan Province of China")[219][220]
- Universal Postal Union (UPU) (removed and excluded by UPU in 1972 ; "Taiwan's" Chunghwa Post continually providing the postal services as a non-recognized postal entity)
- United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) (researched as "Taiwan Province of China")[221][222]
- Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) (participates as "Taiwan")
- World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) (participates as "Taiwan", also note that there is no national member of WAGGGS in PRC)
- World Confederation of Labour (WCL) (participates as "Taiwan")
- World Economic Forum (WEF) (officially listed as "Taiwan, China")[223]
- World Federation of Exchanges (WFE) (participates as "Taiwan Stock Exchange" and "Taiwan Futures Exchange")[224][225][226] Under the umbrella of World Federation of Exchanges, MSCI includes Taiwan as MSCI Taiwan Index.[227] In addition, London Metal Exchange is participated under London Stock Exchange in association with the World Federation of Exchanges in relation with Taiwan Future Exchange.[228][229]
- World Health Organization (WHO) (In the outbreak of Severe acute respiratory syndrome and with the concern of Disease surveillance, was invited as "Chinese Taipei" on the case-by-case basis.[230] with its relations with the WHO being governed by a Memorandum of Understanding dated 14 May 2005 between the PRC and the WHO.[231] The health insurance scheme in Taiwan is referenced on the WHOpublication.[232])
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (not a signatory of the Patent Cooperation Treaty and Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, referred to as "Taiwan, Province of China")[233][234]
- World Medical Association(WMA)[235] (participates as "Taiwan" by the Taiwan Medical Association)[236]
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (signed and ratified the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization on 2 March 1951, cited as "Taiwan region")[237][238]
- World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) (participates as "Chinese Taipei")[239]
- World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) (participates as "Scouts of China")
- World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (retrieved as "Taiwan (province of China)")[240] (see page 8)
- World Trade Organization (WTO) (full membership as "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu" (Chinese Taipei) and delegated by the Permanent Mission of the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Mastu to the WTO in Geneva.[241])[242]
International treaties [edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
- Metre Convention (associate as "Chinese Taipei")[243]
- Free trade agreements with Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama (as Republic of China)
- Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement with PRC (signed between Straits Exchange Foundation and Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits - for ROC and PRC respectively[244] and includes the topic of the realization of direct flights[245] and with the improving relations between Mainland China and Taiwan that Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong[246] is officially launched and Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan)[247] is sighted in Taiwan)
Territorial disputes [edit]
Taipei claims to be the sole legitimate government of China.[citation needed] Accordingly, it claims all territories currently administered by the People's Republic of China and Mongolia. This includes Mainland China,[citation needed] and Outer Mongolia. As part of the same claim, Taipei also claims some surrounding areas which it says were historically part of Chinese territory, including South Tibet, an eastern part of Bhutan, the Russian-administered part of Heixiazi Island, a northern part of Burma, part of the Pamir Mountains, Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River and Tannu Uriankhai. However, Taipei does not actively pursue these claims.[citation needed]
ROC also claims islands in the South China Sea on the same basis as its claim to historical Chinese territory. Unlike its claims on the Asian mainland, however, ROC actively pursues and defends some of its claims to these islands. These include all of the Spratly Islands, the Paracel Islands, Macclesfield Bank and Scarborough Shoal. These islands are administered by a number of governments around the South China Sea. ROC also claims the Senkaku Islands, currently administered by Japan.
The People's Republic of China, in turn, asserts itself as the sole legitimate government of China, and claims all territories administered by ROC.
Transport and communications [edit]
Air links [edit]
The dispute over Taiwan's status has also affected the island's air links with the outside world, particularly Europe, North America and Australia. For many years, Mandarin Airlines, a subsidiary of Taiwan's national airline, China Airlines (CAL) served many international destinations that CAL did not, owing to political sensitivities. However, in 1995 CAL dropped the national colours from its livery, and now flies to international destinations under its own name.
Many countries' national airlines similarly set up special subsidiaries to operate services to Taipei, with a different name, and livery omitting national symbols. For example, British Airways' now defunct subsidiary, British Asia Airways, operated flights to London, KLM's subsidiary, KLM Asia, operated flights to Amsterdam, and Swissair's subsidiary, Swissair Asia, operated flights to Zurich, while other countries' flag carriers, such as Germany's Lufthansa, operated flights to Taipei using an existing subsidiary (in Lufthansa's case, Condor). Qantas had a subsidiary called Australia Asia Airlines, which flew between Sydney and Taipei, but now operates flights to the island as a code share with EVA Air.
Japan Air Lines established a subsidiary called Japan Asia Airways to operate flights to Tokyo. Before the completion of the second runway at New Tokyo International Airport (now Narita International Airport) near Tokyo, Japan, airlines from Taiwan were required to fly to Tokyo International Airport (commonly known as Haneda Airport) in Ota, Tokyo in order not to offend the airlines from the People's Republic of China that flew to Narita.
As of July 2008[update], charter flights between mainland China and Taiwan, which were traditionally only allowed on special holidays such as Chinese New Year, were expanded greatly. Under current plans, the opening of these flights may eventually reach a capacity of 3,000 mainland Chinese tourists per day entering Taiwan.
Telecommunications [edit]
International dialing codes are assigned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to its member states and their dependencies. However, as ROC was not an ITU member state, it had to be allocated the code 886 unofficially, with the ITU listing the code as 'reserved'. Until the late 1970s, ROC used the code 86, but the code was re-assigned to the People's Republic of China in conformity with ITU's official membership, forcing ROC to utilize another code for countries that wished to maintain direct dial connections.
China has reserved part of its numbering plan for calls to Taiwan, using the prefix 06, but despite this, calls from China to Taiwan are still currently made by using the international dialing code +886.
See also [edit]
- China and the United Nations
- List of diplomatic missions in Taiwan
- List of diplomatic missions of Taiwan
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)
- Taiwan passport
- Visa policy of Taiwan
Notes [edit]
- ^ "Main text". English.president.gov.tw. 2010-09-17. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)". Mofa.gov.tw. 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter2.shtml
- ^ http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter19.shtml
- ^ By: Wei-chin Lee (2011-10-11). "Diplomatic Impetus and Altruistic Impulse: NGOs and the Expansion of Taiwan's International Space | Brookings Institution". Brookings.edu. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Taiwan NGOs". Taiwanngo.tw. 2013-04-12. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "The United Nations in the Heart of Europe | The United Nations & Civil Society". Unog.ch. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Welcome to csonet.org | Website of the UN DESA NGO Branch. At your service". Csonet.org. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Non-governmental organizations". Unrol.org. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ kouraich jaouahdou. "UN - NGO Relations". Un-ngls.org. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "NGO/DPI Executive Committee | The Executive Committee of Non-Governmental Organizations Associated with the United Nations Department of Public Information". Ngodpiexecom.org. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Non-Governmental Organizations". Lib.berkeley.edu. 2010-06-18. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Non-Governmental Organizations at the United Nations". Habitat.igc.org. 1996-07-25. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "UNESCO. Executive Board; 188th; Decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 188th session; 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "UNTC". Treaties.un.org. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Notes on non-OECD providers of development co-operation - Development Co-operation Report 2011". OECD iLibrary. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ McDermott, Roger. "The Jamestown Foundation: Operational Changes in Taiwan's Han Kuang Military Exercises 2008-2010". Jamestown.org. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Joint `Han Kuang' cyber war exercise concludes". Taipei Times. 2013-04-19. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "EXERCISE HAN KUANG 27 IN TAIWAN | Asian Defence News Articles". Defence Review Asia. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ a b By: Dr. Alexander Chieh-cheng Huang (2011-10-19). "The United States and Taiwan's Defense Transformation | Brookings Institution". Brookings.edu. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
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- ^ China White Paper: August 1949, p. 12.
- ^ a b Winston, p. 739.
- ^ says Taiwan will not reject ally's simultaneous recognition, 20 November 2003
- ^ http://www.president.gov.tw/en/prog/news_release/document_content.php?id=1105500011&pre_id=1105500011&g_category_number=145&category_number_2=145
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- ^ "Issue". Mofa.gov.tw. 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ Ireland, for example, describes the position in the following terms: "Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan and there is no inter-Governmental contact between the two sides. A Taipei Representative Office, established in Dublin in 1988, has a representative function in relation to economic and cultural promotion, but no diplomatic or political status." (Source: Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs statement Ref No: 3911/07)
- ^ Ministry of the PRC: Bilateral relations with Bhutan[dead link]
- ^ "中華民國外交部 - 國家與地區". Mofa.gov.tw. 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ Yee, Lee Chyen (2008-02-20). "Taiwan recognizes Kosovo in move likely to anger China". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-10-17. (Archived by WebCite athttp://www.webcitation.org/5kaIlwQqX)
- ^ "中華民國外交部 - 國家與地區". Mofa.gov.tw. 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "中華民國外交部 - 國家與地區". Mofa.gov.tw. 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ - 國家與地區
- ^ Michael Y.M. Kao, "Taiwan's and Beijing's Campaigns for Unification," in Harvey Feldman, Michael Y.M. Kao, eds., Taiwan in a Time of Transition (New York: Paragon House, 1988), 188.
- ^ "Taiwan alarm at Costa Rica move". BBC News Online. 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ "Pope offers olive branch to China". BBC News Online. 2007-01-20. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ "HK bishop hints at Vatican switch". BBC News Online. 2005-04-05. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ "China welcomes Vatican initiative". BBC News Online. 2005-04-05. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ "China ordains new Catholic bishop". BBC News Online. 2006-11-30. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ "Chad recognizes the PRC". Associated Press (Yahoo.com). 2006-08-06. Retrieved 2006-08-06.
- ^ http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/focac/183553.htmChina.Org.Cn website where it says "In October [1960], the Congolese Kasavubu government "established diplomatic relations" with Taiwan, and that diplomatic relations were established with China in February 1961.
- ^ "Costa Rica forges new China ties". BBC News Online. 2007-06-06. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
- ^ News - Malawi severs links with Taiwan as of December 28, 2007.
- ^ "Taiwan loses a major ally". BBC News Online. 1997-12-30. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ Diplomatic relationship between South Vietnam and Taiwan ceased upon the collapse of the South Vietnamese government in 1975.
- ^ Political Relations with China, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
- ^ Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China Recognition lasted seven days. Began November 3, agreement withdrawn November 10.
- ^ a b Taiwan Commercial Relations[dead link]
- ^ Feb 15, 2006 (2006-02-15). "For the ROC, India's in the slightly-less-hard basket". Atimes.com. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Text in''League of Nations Treaty Series'', vol. 9, pp. 18-21". Worldlii.org. 1920-06-01. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ Green, Robert (2003-01-01). "Onward to Mongolia". Government Information Office, Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved 2009-08-03.
- ^ Times, MOI rethinks Mongolia, August 20, 2002, p. 2, Accessed June 2nd, 2009
- ^ "Mongolian office to ride into Taipei by end of the year". Taipei Times. 2002-10-11. Retrieved 2009-05-28. "In October 1945, the people of Outer Mongolia voted for independence, gaining the recognition of many countries, including the Republic of China. (...) Due to a souring of relations with the Soviet Union in the early 1950s, however, the ROC revoked recognition of Outer Mongolia, reclaiming it as ROC territory."
- ^ "Taiwan 'embassy' changes anger China". BBC News. 2002-02-26. Retrieved 2009-05-28.
- ^ "The History of MTAC". Mongolian & Tibetan Affairs Commission. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "Taiwan-Mongolia ties move on". The Taipei Times. 200
http://books.google.com/books?id=Cs9yOuCZ-ekC2-09-10. - ^ "ASIA-PACIFIC | Taiwan 'embassy' changes anger China". BBC News. 2002-02-26. Retrieved 2009-05-28.
- ^ Marks, Thomas A., Counterrevolution in China: Wang Sheng and the Kuomintang, Frank Cass (London: 1998), ISBN 0-7146-4700-4.Partial view on Google Books. pp 289. 293.
- ^ Marks, p. 301
- ^ won't broach state-to-state concept again "The press reports quoted Taiwan's incoming top China policy-maker Tsai Ing-wen as saying Thursday that the special state-to-state label was an adequate description of Taiwan's current ties with China." "'The two-states theory is a good thing. It is a way to describe the current (cross-strait) situation,'" "Tsai said on local television. 'We can refrain from using it as a description, although we cannot deny the existence of the situation described by it,' Tsai said on local television."
- ^ "Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview". Taipei Times. 2008-10-08.
- ^ "馬總統:兩岸關係是現實關係 (President Ma: Cross-strait relations are relations based on current reality)" (in Traditional Chinese). Central News Agency of the Republic of China. 2008-10-08.
- ^ "馬:大陸是中華民國領土 (Ma: the mainland is the territory of the Republic of China)" (in Traditional Chinese). Liberty Times. 2008-10-08.
- ^ "Kuomintang News Network". Kmt.org.tw. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "炮擊金門幕後揭秘:玩弄中蘇同盟種下分裂惡果-歷史名人-文化名城-廣佛都市網". Big5.citygf.com. 2010-06-25. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Representative office in Taipei for the Moscow-Taipei Coordination Commission on Economic and Cultural Cooperation v.2.0". Mtc.org.tw. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ http://www.roc-taiwan.org/RU/mp.asp?mp=237
- ^ http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=87756&ctNode=3085&mp=4
- ^ http://www.apec.org/Groups/SOM-Steering-Committee-on-Economic-and-Technical-Cooperation/Working-Groups/~/~/media/Files/MinisterialStatements/Annual/1990/90_amm_jms.ashx
- ^ "China warns Singapore officials against future visits to Taiwan". Singapore-window.org. 2004-08-26. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ denies reports of joint military exercise with Taiwan[dead link]
- ^ "A David-and-Goliath tussle: FEER". Singapore-window.org. 2004-08-05. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "BBC ¤¤¤åºô | ¤¤°ê³ø¾É | ¥x¥~ªø¥H""ó"Ë"³ë·s¥[©Y¤Þµo§åµû". BBC News. 2004-09-28. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ http://www.bilaterals.org/IMG/pdf/19940919-Agreement_for_Trade_and_Investment__Trade_.pdf
- ^ http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40493.pdf
- ^ http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reports/2008/NTE/asset_upload_file508_14610.pdf
- ^ U.S. Congress (January 1, 1979), Taiwan Relations Act, American Institute in Taiwan website, retrieved 2011-01-30
- ^ "American Institute in Taiwan - Visa Waiver Program". Ait.org.tw. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ http://www.us-taiwan.org/
- ^ http://www.us-taiwan.org/defense/
- ^ http://www.taiwandefenseconference.com/
- ^ "Taiwan: US Calls for Diplomatic Relations". UNPO. 2007-02-19. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Text of S.Con.Res.48 as Introduced in Senate: A concurrent resolution expressing the sense of Congress regarding... OpenCongress". Opencongress.org. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ International Herald TribuneTaiwanese diplomats may have to leave Venezuela (18 July 2007). Accessed 19 December 2007
- ^ http://www.aseancenter.org.tw/upload/files/outlook005-06.pdf
- ^ http://www.aseancenter.org.tw/upload/files/outlook005-05.pdf
- ^ "Taiwan foreign minister resigns over diplomatic blunder", Jonathan Adams,International Herald Tribune, May 6, 2008
- ^ "PNG dismisses Taiwan's diplomatic moves", ABC Radio Australia, May 7, 2008
- ^ "Taiwan's next leader urges truce in cash diplomacy battle", AFP, May 6, 2008
- ^ "European Union - EEAS (European External Action Service) | Human Rights". Eeas.europa.eu. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "European Union - EEAS (European External Action Service) | EU and ROC". Eeas.europa.eu. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "2469-THIS-IS-EFTA-2012-06:1897-THIS-IS-EFTA-24" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "ECB: External trade". Ecb.int. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ http://www.roc-taiwan.org/NO/ct.asp?xItem=176532&ctNode=6878&mp=517&nowPage=1&pagesize=45
- ^ "MEPs back visa waiver for Taiwan". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan/documents/news/schengen_entry_press_release_en.pdf
- ^ cs - čeština (2011-09-26). "Debates - Monday, 26 September 2011 - EU-Taiwan trade (debate)". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
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- ^ http://www.taiwanembassy.org/be/mp.asp?mp=102
- ^ https://www.gov.uk/government/world/taiwan
- ^ https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british-trade-cultural-office-taiwan
- ^ http://www.oecd.org/countries/chinesetaipei/
- ^ http://www.oecd.org/tad/facilitation/Chinese-Taipei_OECD-Trade-Facilitation-Indicators.pdf
- ^ http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/governance/country-review_clp-10-5kmjlgt6j0wj
- ^ "Members". Aardo.org. 2012-06-27. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Amnesty International in Taiwan | Amnesty International". Amnesty.org. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "United Nations | Amnesty International". Amnesty.org. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Discrimination | Amnesty International". Amnesty.org. 2010-11-10. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
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- ^ http://www.aosef.org/activities/material/20120329_GA_PressRelease.pdf
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External links [edit]
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations signed and ratified by Republic of China
- Relations Between China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the US from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
- Act Governing Relations with Hong Kong and Macau
- BBC News Story: Taiwan's Chen raises Libya visit
- America and Taiwan, 1943-2004
- China, Taiwan, and the Battle for Latin America, 21p.


text:
After weeks of rumors that the leaders of Hudson County's Democratic Party were shifting support away from Hudson County Sheriff Juan Perez, who is up for reelection this year, it has become obvious that they are backing his opponent, county Undersherrif Frank Schillari, a Secaucus resident.
Party heavyweights Tom DeGise, the Hudson County executive, and North Bergen Mayor Nick Sacco are now publically supporting Schillari and predicting that he will win big in the June contest against Perez.
Schillari's detractors, many of whom support Perez, have tried to undermine his candidacy and question his fitness for elected office, pointing to a report in the local daily newspaper three weeks ago that said Schillari allegedly had an "amicable" conversation with an alleged member of the Genovese crime family that was picked up on a wire worn by an FBI informant in 2004. The story did not indicate what or whom the FBI was investigating.
Schillari has promised to "increase efficiency [and] boost morale" and the department.
In any case, the story may not be enough to diminish political support for Schillari. Many sources, including Perez spokesman Robert Knapp, agree that Sheriff Perez has an unexpectedly difficult primary battle ahead of him.
A longtime Secaucus resident and a former sergeant with the Secaucus Police Department, Schillari has served as an undersheriff in the Hudson County Sheriff's department since 1997. During his tenure, he has overseen the department's Communications Center, as well as the Patrol, Detective, and Criminal Identification bureaus. He has also served as a Special Deputy United States Marshall with the New York, New Jersey Regional Fugitive Task Force.
Described as an active Democrat, Schillari has promised to "increase efficiency [and] boost morale" and the department.
Last week, two of his biggest supporters spoke up on his behalf.
"I've known the undersheriff for many years and he has an excellent understanding of the department and its personnel, and he understands the needs of the officers," said Sacco. "He serves with compassion and intelligence. And I believe he's going to modernize the department and work very well with the communities in the county. He's very attuned to the needs of the local community."
While Sacco, who is also a state senator in Trenton, talked up Schillari's human qualities, DeGise played up Schillari's resume.
"Frank is a veteran law enforcement guy," he said. "He's a veteran of the Sheriff's Department, so he'll be able to hit the ground running. It's important to the mayors to know that they have a sheriff that will cooperate with their own enforcement departments. And I think they look at Frank as that type of guy."
Two officials in Secaucus, where he served on the local police department, also had positive comments on his work
Perez a 'maverick'
Some sources interviewed last week began to hint at the reason Hudson County Democrats – including the Hudson County Democratic Organization (HCDO) – are now supporting Schillari over Perez.
Schillari's supporters say he is a "nice guy" who can "get along" with Hudson County mayors, police chiefs, and rank and file officers in the Sheriff's Office.
Perez, who was elected sheriff in 2007 and took office in 2008, has ruffled the feathers of some mayors and members of his department, according to several sources. A number of sources described him as a "maverick" who initiated law enforcement projects without getting the support of local mayors and police chiefs, and who didn't do enough of the police work local leaders preferred.
The sheriff's office is primarily responsible for protecting Hudson County's Superior Court in Jersey City and helping local authorities protect county roads and parks, such as Laurel Hill in Secaucus and James L. Braddock Park in North Bergen.
Perez, however, took an interest in areas of law enforcement that generally fall under the discretion of local police departments, sources said last week. Such initiatives as the "Click it or Ticket" campaign and anti-speeding measures were specifically cited by sources as programs that Perez emphasized that were contrary to what some local mayors thought his department should be doing.
Two years ago, residents in Secaucus complained to former Mayor Dennis Elwell after several of them began receiving speeding tickets from Hudson County Sheriff's officers on County Avenue. While residents had long complained about speeding in various areas of town, this anti-speeding campaign was launched by the county without the Town Council or Secaucus Police Department being notified of the effort.
Perez's spokesman refuted reports that he did not work well with local mayors.
"When he took office he made a number of promises," said Knapp. "One of them was to fully cooperate with the municipalities, both mayors and their police chiefs in regards to countywide law enforcement. And he did it. There were people in this county who hadn't seen a sheriff's officer in all the 12 years prior to Sheriff Perez being elected. He has reinstituted patrols of county parks, which freed up local police officers to concentrate on city streets."
Perez frequently sends letters to this newspaper outlining his accomplishments and goals.
One Perez supporter in law enforcement who asked not to be named said he believes the sheriff is just another casualty of Jersey City Mayor Jerramiah Healy's weakened clout within the county.
Healy tapped Perez to run for County Sheriff three years ago, and convinced others in the party to give him the Democratic line because it was time for a Latino to be in that position of leadership. Healy, who chairs the HCDO, had wanted Perez to get the same support this year for his reelection bid. But Healy, whose administration has been under a cloud since last summer's corruption busts, was unable to broker such a deal, sources said last week.
This situation, one source said, allowed Sacco to take advantage of an opportunity and quickly build support for Schillari. (Two sources said that if Schillari wins, he has agreed to appoint an undersheriff with ties to Union City Mayor Brian Stack.)
Regarding the lack of support, "We are utterly shocked and surprised by this," Knapp said. "We have no idea where this shift in support is coming from. It's something we didn't foresee happening."
With backing from the HCDO, Schillari will have momentum – and campaign money – going into the primary, and his supporters believe he will win both the Democratic primary in June and then the November general election.
Schillari's supporters hope Perez will see the handwriting on the wall and actually drop out of the race.
"As an elected official, you have to realize you're not here forever," DeGise said, "and you need support from the mayors in order to keep your seat. That's the way it is. And you may not be there as long as you'd want."
However, Knapp said Perez plans to campaign hard to get reelected.
Schillari's PR team canceled his intended interview with the Reporter last week due to a family emergency. An interview had been scheduled the previous week, but a spokesman said Schillari's schedule was too full.
E-mail E. Assata Wright at email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Oak Creek To Host Veterans Day Program
City and state officials, VFW and American Legion members scheduled to speak at Nov. 10 event at the Oak Creek Fire Department.
Oak Creek will celebrate Veterans Day with a program at 9 a.m. Saturday, Nov. 10 at the Oak Creek Fire Department, 7000 S. 6th St.
Guest speakers include city and state officals as well as members of the Oak Creek Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion.
The fire department is also the site of a veterans memorial. See a photo gallery of last year's event here.
9:19 pm on Monday, November 5, 2012
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text:
GREAT FALLS - Danny Ray Clark, 53, of Great Falls died of a long illness on Monday, May 22, 2006, at a Great Falls hospital.
A memorial service will be held at a later date.
Danny was born Oct. 27, 1952, to George and Myrtice (Chessher) Clark in Crestview, Fla. Danny was stationed at Malmstrom Air Force Base in 1971 and soon came to love Montana, where he also met his wife, Vicki Velk. They married June 10, 1972, in Great Falls. In 1994, after a 24 year distinguished military career, he retired from the Air Force as a master sergeant and settled in Great Falls.
Survivors include his wife, Vicki Clark of Great Falls; sons, Shawn Clark and Scott Clark, both of Great Falls; brother, Doug Clark of Florida; sisters, Kathy Harris of Florida and Connie Graves of Australia; mother, Myrtice Clark of Florida; and many in-laws who loved him dearly.
Donations are suggested to the Life Center Northwest, 11245 S.E. Sixth St., Suite 1000, Bellevue, WA 98004.
Schnider Funeral Home is handling arrangements.
Condolences may be left for the family at www.schniderfuneralhome.com .


text:
Text "Jewish" to 511511 for health tips and news. Message and data rates may apply. Text STOP to 511511 to cancel alerts. Text HELP to 511511 for information. Terms and condtions may apply. Email email@example.com for SMS information.
KentuckyOne Health was formed when two major Kentucky health care organizations came together in early 2012. KentuckyOne Health combines the Jewish and Catholic heritages of the two former systems – Jewish Hospital & St. Mary's HealthCare and Saint Joseph Health System. In late 2012, the organization formed a partnership with the University of Louisville Hospital | James Graham Brown Cancer Center.
The nonprofit system is committed to improving the health of Kentuckians by integrating medical research, education, technology and health care services wherever patients receive care. KentuckyOne Health has more than 200 locations including hospitals, physician groups, clinics, primary care centers, specialty institutes and home health agencies, with nearly 15,000 employees across the state of Kentucky and southern Indiana. KentuckyOne Health is the largest health system in Kentucky and has more than 2,700 licensed beds.
Click here for a PDF map with driving directions of our facilities.
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Last Updated: 4/24/2013


text:
Fumino Imagine (white silks) wins the Sapporo Kinen on Sunday
PICTURE: Masakazu TakahashiFumino Imagine lands
valuable Sapporo Kinen
Report: Japan, Sunday
Sapporo: Sapporo Kinen (Grade 2) 1m2f, turf, 3yo+
FUMINO IMAGINE (Masaru Honda/ Keisuke Dazai) landed the richest Grade 2 in Japan as he took the Sapporo Kinen, an important prep for the Grade 1 Tenno Sho Autumn.
Favourite Dark Shadow, runner-up of last year's Tenno Sho Autumn and having his first run since a disappointing ninth in the Dubai Duty Free in March, tracked leader Aliseo at a steady pace and shot past the leader around the home turn.
However, Fumino Imagine had him covered and went to the lead in the straight to take the win. Hiruno D'Amour was the third.
Dazai said: "I believed she could win if I could make her run smoothly. She is very strong because she beat Grade 1-class horses."


text:
Have you had those moments when you feel you have to choose between your career and your family? Those moments when you are afraid that you will miss a deadline because expectations were set too high and you couldn't say no? Have you ever decided to tough it out to get the project done? Have you ever worked throughout the night and into the morning while feeling guilty because your family is at home waiting for you? It is the worst feeling in the world to miss dinner and to miss opportunities to help your kids with homework because you have an endless 'To Do' list at work.
In my career I've been there, more than I can count on both of my hands. There have been plenty of times I felt as though I let my family down and apologized for missing out on family dinners and family time. Have I learned how to balance my life? Absolutely; I have three elementary school aged kids who need me every morning and every night.
How do I balance my home and work life? Here are few tips I have learned along the way.
- I select a few days during the week to work longer hours. I set those days and commit to them.
- I work very early on Saturday mornings while my children and husband are still sleeping. I am refreshed during this time, so it works for me.
- I find at least one day a week to spend quality time with my family. We will watch a movie, have a dance party, go to church and/or go out for dinner.
Trust me when I say that this is not easy and it took me years to get here. I still have a long way to go to perfect this skill, but I am well on my way and you can be too. The secret to mastering balance in your life is to be ready in your heart and commit to your family that you will stick to your new routine and be there for family time when you say you will be.
1:35 pm on Monday, December 31, 2012
My "three-legged stool" of work/family/friends is shattered. I work at work, at home, in my car, in restaurants, in social settings. I'm speaking to one or people in front of me, talking on the phone to another, texting a third. It's the new normal.
One thing I have noticed, and it's not good, is the rise in the number of people who try to "deflect" work, that is, try to push their own work onto others, etc. I suggest to those who do this that trying to make time for one's own "three-legged stool" by breaking others' is not kind.
9:51 am on Wednesday, January 2, 2013
I think that as a society, we should be trying to support ourselves on a single paycheck to have at least one parent available for the children during the day.
Perhaps it means living in a smaller house, or driving an older car, and cutting back on other luxuries, but I think that many parents these days are not very involved with their children and should be spending undivided, quality time with their kids on a daily basis.


text:
Internet: Free wireless. . Hotel: Not so young, but still OK. . Rooms: Garden view rooms are smaller than the rooms with a pool / see view. . Parking: Free. But only a few spots to park in front of the hotel. Underground parking free. . Breakfast: Excellent . Location: Not a walking distance from the city center. At the... More
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- Hotel Do Caracol Terceira, Azores - Angra Do Heroismo
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HealthWise KnowledgeBase
Interactive Tool: What Is Your Target Heart Rate?
What does this tool measure?
This tool will help you find your target heart rate based on your:
- Age.
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Your target heart rate can guide you to how hard you should exercise so you can get the most aerobic benefit from your workout.
Do not use this target heart rate measurement if you are taking medicine that affects your heart rate, such as Reference beta-blockers Opens New Window, Reference calcium channel blockers Opens New Window, or digoxin. If you have a heart condition or other chronic disease, talk to your doctor before you start an exercise program.
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Reference Terms of Use. Reference How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.


text:
Stonyfield in the news
People love to talk about Stonyfield products, people and programs, and we're grateful for all the attention.
July 2010
Healthy Snacking
In a recent article on ThatsFit.com, our organic Super Smoothies secured a spot on celebrity nutritionist Keri Glassman's list of "10 Healthy Snacks for Kids" (July 2010). "Snacks should be just as nutritious as the food you give kids throughout the rest of the day," mentions Glassman.
Bubba Makes it Big
Our "Have A Cow" program made it to the Forbes.com Top Ten list of "The Most Imaginative CSR Campaigns" (July 2010). Along with companies such as Pepsi, Tide, and Levi's, Stonyfield is featured with a photo of Bubba the cow, and a description of our program which seeks to teach about life on the farm from the perspective of organic cows.
June 2010
Best Food Buys
Health Magazine
Health Magazine released their list of "Healthiest Best Food Buys," and we're on it (June 2010)! Our Oikos Organic Strawberry Greek Yogurt won the coveted title of "Best Yogurt". Editors explain the health benefits of Greek yogurt and praise, "Oikos provides all the stuff we love about it—extra high protein and a rich texture—plus it's made with organic milk."
Star Snacks
Self Magazine
Our Fat Free Lemon yogurt is so tasty it won "Best Flavored Yogurt" in the Self Magazine Healthy Food Awards (June 2010). Panelists praise it—and suggest eating it right out of the cup, or layered with fresh berries for a dessert parfait.
Three out of Five for After Dark Chocolate
Woman's Day
Three out of five—we'll take it! Our After Dark Chocolate Organic Fat Free Frozen Yogurt was recently part of a taste test featured on the Woman's Day website. One tester enjoyed the "Milk-chocolatey-with-a-hint-of-caramel taste." Our Fro-yo was the only fat-free version tested—and it scored a 3/5, beating out several other frozen varieties.
Lighten Up
Food Network Magazine
Our organic Fat Free Plain yogurt is featured in the June issue of Food Network Magazine. A recipe for a lighter version of Garden Potato Salad is offered in the "Fun Cooking" section, and they suggest using ¾ cup of Stonyfield Fat Free Plain yogurt to keep the salad creamy while skipping the extra fat and calories.
May 2010
In Heaven with Chocolate Oikos
Registered dietician Julie Upton loves our Chocolate Oikos (May 2010)! In a recent article on Health.com, Upton says "Greek yogurt is a nutritional all-star, but make it chocolate and fat-free and I'm in heaven. Thank you, Stonyfield Farm!" Upton also tells readers that Chocolate Oikos only has 110 calories, is fat-free, and has 10 grams of protein.
Online readers: 700,600
April 2010
Yogurt Wars
WCBV-TV, Boston
This Boston Channel article focuses on the exploding popularity of yogurt—and the "war" going on between competitors in the dairy aisle (April 23, 2010). Our Communications Manager is quoted talking about the changing palette of Americans who are craving new kinds of yogurt, like Oikos organic Greek yogurt.
Let's Give Them Something to Talk About
USA Today
USA Today published an article on Earth Day exploring various company giveaways (April 22, 2010). Though the article notes the irony that most giveaways included "stuff" that required natural resources to make, it also points out that Stonyfield's giveaway was an MP3 music download that asked people to share an Earth Day resolution. Our CE-Yo Gary Hirshberg says, "We wanted to motivate people to do more than act on Earth Day…We wanted to get people talking about their plans."
Greening Your Medicine Cabinet
Good Morning America
Our YoBaby packaging recently appeared on Good Morning America—taking the stage intermittently for almost seven minutes (April 22, 2010)! The segment features natural ways to heal and strengthen the immune system. A Kiwi Magazine contributing editor and pediatrician talks about the importance of going organic, and suggests that organic dairy is the number one most important organic product to buy. He mentions that pregnant women who consume organic dairy have children with fewer allergies.
Fewer Burps = Less Emission
Stonyfield Vice President of Natural Resources Nancy Hirshberg was recently featured on a CNN broadcast (as well as on CNN's website) discussing the Stonyfield Greener Cow Project (April 7,2010). Nancy tells viewers about how Stonyfield is trying to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing cow burps. She explains that feeding them cooked flax rebalances their stomachs and they burp less—thus producing less methane. Nancy explains that the milk from cows eating flax also contains a higher omega-3 content.
Grocery Cart Smarts
American Baby
Get smart with your cart—and purchase Stonyfield YoBaby yogurt, suggests American Baby (April 2010). An article titled "Grocery Cart Smarts" lays out healthy food options for parents—as many new products that are assumed to be healthy are actually loaded with sugar, fat, etc. For yogurt, American Baby suggests readers buy YoBaby because it is "high in good bacteria and not overdone in the sugar department."
Close to Home
Hannaford grocery flyer
Stonyfield is featured in the "Close to Home" section of a recent Hannaford grocery flyer. This section focuses on New England-based producers whose products are sold at Hannaford, introducing consumers to what's made locally. An interview with Stonyfield, with photo, is featured in the "Close to Home" publication.
March 2010
Satisfying Supersnack
Self Magazine
Looking for a supersnack? Editors at Self Magazine suggest eating yogurt to fill up on protein and calcium while also taking in the immune-strengthening benefits of probiotics. Our Fat Free French Vanilla yogurt made Self's list of winning yogurts in a recent "Healthy Living Report" lineup (March 2010).
Chocolate Oikos: a HIT!
Supermarket Guru
According to Supermarket Guru Phil Lempert, our Chocolate-flavored Oikos organic Greek yogurt is a hit! Our newest flavor of Oikos received a 95/100 from Lempert, who says, "Finally there is a chocolate yogurt that is good. The chocolate is on the bottom and you just stir it in and the result is a great balance between the taste of Greek yogurt and the chocolate."