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Topic: To Defrag or not to Defrag? (Read 6882 times)
JkDefrag Junior
Posts: 7
To Defrag or not to Defrag?
December 01, 2007, 12:39:53 pm »
Dear Contributors!
Since it is unlikely to post here a PDF, I recommend to search for "A Fast
File System for UNIX".
The current file name is most probably "ffs.ps". The older file name
"05fastfs.ps" ten years ago is no longer existent.
GhostView will show it, you can convert it to PDF with this tool as well if
you prefer Adobe Acrobat Reader etc.
I'll refer to this paper in discussing defragging.
Back in old DOS/Win16 days, there may have been an advantage for contiguous
Like on the PDP-11, binaries got slurped into RAM in one chunk, OS/2's and
Windows' DLLs already posing a problem because no longer a single binary
got loaded.
See on page "3" why defragging the "old" 7thED file system was a non-issue
under *NIX then, it involved a dump, rebuild, and restore.
There also an idea published 1976 was mentioned that suggested regularly
reorganising the disk for restoring locality which could be viewed as
The VAX introduced a new concept of virtual memory, demand paging. Prior to
this, only swapping of segments, mostly of 64KB size, was common.
Since then, binaries are read only that far to set up the process, the
"call" to main(argc,argv), note an OS *returns* to a process to facilitate
multitasking, involves a page fault.
With some luck, that page is in the buffer cache, but surely the first call
to a function will result in another page fault, where the luck of finding
it in the buffer cache is greatly diminished and the disk block surely have
been rotated away.
Page "7" of the FFS paper mentions a rotationally optimal layout, in DOS
days, there were tuning programs to change the interleave factor which
became obsolete when CPUs got fast enough and DMA disk access became
common, the paper calls this I/O channel, and interleave factor "1" became
Also, booting becomes less sequential if you extend this term beyond the
loading and starting of the kernel to hardware detection and especially to
loading and starting background processes and initialising the GUI and it's
Linux is still sequential up to GUI start, which is parallelised
everywhere, but some of the BSDs try to go parallel after hardware
detection, albeit with some provision for interdependencies.
OS/2, Windows, and MacOS_X switch early to parallelised GUI mode, MacOS<=9
never showed a text screen, I don't know if MacOS_X ever shows a text
Then quite a bazillion of processes contend for the disk arm, you may
separate some of *NIX subtrees to different SCSI disks to limit this,
albeit not too much, IDE disks are only recently capable of detaching after
a command to enable parallelity.
Partitions on the same disk may aggravate the problem because they force a
long seek when the elevator algorithm has to switch partitions.
Especially DLLs, due to their shared nature, shared libraries under *NIX
are not that numerous and pervasive, are never in the vicinity of the
binary calling them.
Thus defragmenting becomes practically irrelevant, at least for
Buffer underrun protection is now common with any CD/DVD toaster due to
their high speed, but the source of buffer underruns is more a process
madly accessing the disk and/or the GUI than a fragmented disk which is
usually faster than any high speed CD/DVD.
So defragmenting becomes irrelevant for normal files as well.
Traditional defraggers run in batch mode, which may be tolerable on a
workstation after business hours, but intolerable on an Internet server
which is accessed 24/7.
Also batch defraggers which don't need umounting the disk and thus can run
in the background have the problem, that their analysis is likely to be
obsolete at it's end so the defrag is suboptimal.
This is especially true for mail and/or news servers where bazillions of
mostly small files are created and deleted in quick succession.
There would be the option of an incremental defragger which moves any file
closed after writing to the first contiguous free space after and fill the
gap from files below this boundary.
Over time, file shuffling decreases as static files tend to land at the
beginning of the disk and the dynamic ones behind them.
A batch defrag with ascending sort over modification date may shorten this
process significantly.
However, this scheme also gets overwhelmed on mail and/or news servers.
As mentioned on page "3" of the FFS paper, defragging was too costly back
then, thus they decided to implement a controlled fragmentation scheme
described mostly on page "8" with cylinder groups and heuristics to place
files there, large files being deliberately split up.
OS/2's HPFS definitely is modelled after BFFS, Microsoft tries to hide that
this holds also for NTFS.
I verified this both on NTFS 4 and 5.1 by loading a bazillion of files,
including large ones, to the NTFS drive and firing up a defragger with a
fine block display.
A checkerboard pattern will show up, revealing BFFS-like strategies.
Defragging this spoils the scheme and only calls for regular defrag runs.
Thus even under NTFS, defragging becomes a non-issue, this may be different
for FAT.
Note NTFS is still difficult to read with a dead Windows, and practically
impossible to repair.
Bad idea for production systems.
The successor to NTFS is still to be published, so no information about
this is available, it will only be sure that your precious data again are
practically lost with a dead Windows.
So it is reasonable to keep your precious data on FAT, or better on a Samba
They will be accessible for Windows' malware anyway, that is the design
fault of this OS.
Even Vista will not help, the "security" measures are reported to be such a
nuisance that users will switch them off.
And malware will find it's way into even with full "security" enabled.
However, XP runs the built-in defragger during idle time and places the
files recorded in %windir%\Prefetch\ in the middle of free space and leaves
enough gaps for new files.
Boot time is marginally affected by this.
To get rid of this, you must disable the Windows equivalent of the cron
daemon which may be undesirable.
You can disable the use of %windir%\Prefetch\ with X-Setup, then these
files aren't moved, but the defragmentation will still take place.
Thus it is a better idea to leave these setting as they are, file shuffling
settles comparably fast.
Thus defragging becomes an old DOS/Win16 legacy which is still demanded by
the users.
This demand is artificially kept up by the defrag software providers which
want to secure their income, even new companies jump on the bandwagon.
Back in DOS times, Heise's c't magazine closed their conclusion with the
acid comment that defragging is mostly for messies which like to watch
their disks being tidied up, but only these, not their room or house.
Debian Sarge cometh with an ext2fs defragger, unusable with ext3fs,
requiring umounting the disk, thus practically useless.
The mail address was dead, so no discussion possible.
However, ext2fs already follows the ideas of BFFS, so defrag should be a
non-issue there, too.
ReiserFS got somewhat out of focus since the fate of Hans Reiser is quite
unknown with that lawsuit for murdering his wife.
Also tests of Heise's iX magazine revealed that balancing it's trees will
create an intolerable load on mail and/or news servers.
Rumours were that a defragger was thought of.
Note also that internally the CHS scheme is broken by some disk vendors,
Heise's c't magazine once found an IBM drive going over one surface from
rim to spindle and then the next surface from spindle to rim, creating a
HCS scheme.
Also disk platters are now few to one to cope with low height profiles,
even beyond laptops, disks are now 3.5" and 2.5" with heights below a third
of the standard height form factor. 5.25" disks with full height, CD/DVD
are half height, and ten platters as Maxtor built once are unlikely to
Also the sector zoning breaks internally the CHS scheme, but BFFS' cylinder
groups are still beneficial in all these cases, it will spread disk access
time and speed evenly anyway.
Conclusion: Defraggers are obsolete now, only an issue for some software
providers, and probably for harddisk vendors.
Kind regards
Norbert Grün (
JkDefrag Hero
Posts: 208
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #1 on:
December 01, 2007, 01:53:20 pm »
Hi Norbert,
You are absolutely right. I have said something similar, and even Jeroen says that defragging is not that important. Basically, you just replace some files that are placed here and there and everywhere, with some other files that are placed her and there and everywhere - only defragmented.
However, the main feature of JkDefrag is it's ability to optimize the disk, i.e. place all files intelligently. A simple thing like placing the directories at the beginning gives a performance boost.
So, why don't you just test it, and see what happens?
You are trying to prove that the spider has 6 legs. Why don't you just count them?
"O, there has been much throwing about of brains." -- Guildenstern{alt. Gyldenstern[alt. Gyldenstjerne(anc. Gyllenstierna{knight of Lundholm})], knight of Hamlet}.
JkDefrag Hero
Posts: 81
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #2 on:
December 01, 2007, 04:53:53 pm »
Defragging is not that important, if your operating system or file system are capable of seeing
into the future, and accurately predicting the most efficient file layout for all the files
originally installed, all the files that are likely to be added over the life of the disk,
and all the modification, expansion, and deletion of those files... while other file operations
are ongoing or pending on the same space.
What also seems to be overlooked is that file optimzation itself works better when there is low
fragmentation of other files in the layout, providing better access to contiguous spaces to place
files for optimal access.
A quick search for " A Fast file system for unix "ffs ps" " shows no hits on that article that
are newer than August of 1984. I won't try to argue its merits for points that were probably
valid considering the state of the art in storage hardware and software at the time it was written.
I will point out that many members of this forum have direct experience with the benefits and
performance increase resulting from file defragmentation and optimization as seperate and combined
solutions... not just as anecdotal reports, but in some cases as measured and comparative differences
in file access for fragmented files and for various methods of defrag and file optimization. And
there have been a few changes in the way data is handled now (in hardware and software) that may be
significantly different than the assumptions in that original piece.
So, to conclude that defraggers are obsolete, to me, seems to be missing some important empirical
data from the analysis.
I was going to avoid addressing all of your points, but there are a few I feel the need to comment on:
*Especially DLLs, due to their shared nature, shared libraries under *NIX
are not that numerous and pervasive, are never in the vicinity of the
binary calling them.
I thought the whole point of DLLs and Shared libraries was to load the common code into memory once;
then the binary calling it would no longer have to rely on disk access at all to use whatever
function was made available in the libary being called. The exception might be if that particular
section of memory was swapped out to the pagefile, which should ideally still be faster to access
than going back to the original file.
*Buffer underrun protection is now common with any CD/DVD toaster due to
their high speed, but the source of buffer underruns is more a process
madly accessing the disk and/or the GUI than a fragmented disk which is
usually faster than any high speed CD/DVD.
This might be true if one assumes there are no other file operations going on that could affect
the process. Buffer underun protection, while a more common practice, is usually called upon when
the burning software detects a significant dip in the sustained transfer rate of the files it is
attempting to send on to the more limited internal buffer of the CD/DVD drive. Depending on the
sensitivity of that burning software, the resulting action can be to slow down the burning process,
to pausing the burn altogether while the software waits for its own buffer to catch up.
That can be avoided or alleviated by having the files to be burned laid out in a more contiguous
fashion, to assist feeding the file(s) in larger chunks to the managing software.
*Traditional defraggers run in batch mode, which may be tolerable on a
workstation after business hours, but intolerable on an Internet server
which is accessed 24/7.
Also batch defraggers which don't need umounting the disk and thus can run
in the background have the problem, that their analysis is likely to be
obsolete at it's end so the defrag is suboptimal.
This is especially true for mail and/or news servers where bazillions of
mostly small files are created and deleted in quick succession.
Not all defraggers run in batch mode (contig.exe for example, was designed to work file by file).
And defraggers like JKDefrag can be run in a "targeted" mode which addresses only specific files or folders as
desired by the user. (As you sort of describe in the second point, many defraggers can also be run at a lower
priority to work while having less of an impact on the primary purpose of the server or system in question)
(That same arguement would also mean that Backup and data replication programs, Auditing and Data analysis tools,
Anti-Malware utilities, and similar applications should also be discarded for having a potentially degrading effect
on server file performance, since all those functions are likely to benefit from file optimization of the working
data sets, and can have more of an impact on a non-defragged file volume. In addition server performance as you
describe would also benefit from consolidation of free space, which might be more important in the context of needed
to continually modify and expand on existing data sets.)
Even an analysis that is incomplete at the end of the defrag process is going to be more optimal at the end than
at the start, unless over twice as much content (as was originally there) is being transferred to the disk during
the defrag operation. Any newer data that is introduced during the process remains a smaller percentage of work
that may need to be completed at a later time. That is assuming the defrag program itself is incapable of running
a later analysis to check for fragmentation of files over a certain threshold, which it can attempt to correct before
finishing the overall defrag operation.
Your second and third points here are contradictory. If bazillions of mostly small files are being created *and deleted*
in quick succession, then their temporary existence has little effect on overall fragmentation of more permanent files,
and would have no effect on the file operation needed to move a previously analyzed file into a more contiguous space.
Using contig as an example, the program first checks a file for the number of fragments it is in, and if it can find a
block (or blocks) of contiguous space to move the file into, first will allocate that space so no other file operations
can affect the transfer of data to the new block(s) of space, and only requests an update of the file pointers when the
initial data copy operation is completed. This avoids (tries to avoid) the possibility of other file operations causing
crosslinks or other mixing of data, and can safely run at an idle priority where the file operation can take as long
as neccessary to insure a minimal impact on the rest of the system. Unless the server is already being run over normal
tolerances for CPU, Memory, and Storage needs, there should be plenty of resources remaining to complete such background
*Note NTFS is still difficult to read with a dead Windows, and practically impossible to repair.
Bad idea for production systems.
Windows and Linux live CD abound that have the capability of reading an NTFS volume when the original OS is "dead" or
incapable of accessing the data. Some data recovery programs even have the ability to locate and repair files on a
disk with a corrupted MFT. When something is practically impossible, it sometimes helps to have an impractical approach
to solving the issue. The only cases where an NTFS partition should be completely unreadable by transferring the drive to
another system, or booting another OS to do the analysis, are when the entire partition has been encrypted by the prior
OS, or possibly in the case of accessing a drive that has been converted to a dynamic disk.
Not running a backup solution or some other process to validate and protect data on production systems
is a bad idea regardless of the file system in use. From personal experience, a properly set up production server is in
far greater risk of hardware failure or damage from user interaction than from file system corruption in and of itself.
Your points seem to be ideas presented in support of a foregone conclusion that defraggers are obsolete, instead of an examination of what
factors cause so many other observers to think that defragmentation still serves a purpose.
Even Vista will not help, the "security" measures are reported to be such a
nuisance that users will switch them off.
The only security measure that might annoy users is UAC, even with that turned off there are still at least half a dozen other security features/layers that malware has to get past to be able to significantly affect the file system for the whole computer.
This demand is artificially kept up by the defrag software providers which
want to secure their income, even new companies jump on the bandwagon.
Then why are free defraggers like JKDefrag in such high demand as well? I've not seen Jeroen
buying ads on prominent websites proclaiming the effectiveness of his program, but I have
seen a recent post where he was surprised by the bandwidth costs of supporting downloads in recent months. It would seem the demand is quite high even without artificial aid/hype.
Also disk platters are now few to one to cope with low height profiles,
even beyond laptops, disks are now 3.5" and 2.5" with heights below a third
of the standard height form factor. 5.25" disks with full height, CD/DVD
are half height, and ten platters as Maxtor built once are unlikely to
The need for more than 5 disk platters in a single case has been reduced by the massive increases in data density for individual platters, and the lowering of production costs, that have been achieved in more recent years. Even so, the continually rapid expansion of available data pushes demand for three to five platter drives on the high end to introduce the next generation of multi-terabyte drives, and the idea of multiple platters has long been replaced by the idea of multiple drives in simple RAID, NAS and SAN configurations; where defragmentation becomes less of a direct to hardware tool, and more of an idea to augment data operations and performance for large volume data. Modern servers (and some workstations) treat individual hard drives in the same way we used to look at the massive disk packs that were once popularized in mainframe design.
JkDefrag Hero
Posts: 7156
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #3 on:
December 01, 2007, 06:42:13 pm »
Quote from: Gnor on December 01, 2007, 12:39:53 pm
Since then, binaries are read only that far to set up the process
Vista has "Superfetch", which not only pre-caches the entire binary, but also all the other files used to start the program. This is faster because the harddisk heads need to move less. Reading data on demand was a good idea in the past, but has become obsolete by cheap memory, and lot's of it.
Then quite a bazillion of processes contend for the disk arm
Your basic argument seems to be that fragmentation doesn't matter because the disk arm is moving about all the time anyway, because of multitasking. That may be true on a fully utilized mainframe computer, but not on a desktop PC. It's hurry-up-and-wait for PC's. Just look at the Windows task manager, the CPU spends most of it's time in the "System Idle Process". Harddisk heads don't move so much, and fragmentation therefore causes far more performance loss.
So defragmenting becomes irrelevant for normal files as well.
Have you every played a heavily fragment movie? Or tried to search through a heavily fragmented database? Or tried to copy a heavily fragmented logfile? Just a few examples. I'm sorry, but your statement is simply not true.
So it is reasonable to keep your precious data on FAT, or better on a Samba server.
NTFS has far better recovery features than FAT, and there are now many tools available to access and repair damaged NTFS disks. A Samba server is far slower, not practical for users at home, and dramatically decreases the mean-time-between-failure (because there is more hardware involved).
Defraggers are obsolete now
Needless to say that I totally disagree.
Last Edit: December 02, 2007, 02:45:17 am by jeroen
JkDefrag Hero
Posts: 169
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #4 on:
December 01, 2007, 07:35:02 pm »
An other value added in favor of defragmenting :
All brand are trying to design their computers as silent as possible
A fragmented hard drive is most noisy than other one which is not
Try the
jkdefrag installer v188.8.131.52
Related topic
JkDefrag Hero
Posts: 72
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #5 on:
December 01, 2007, 10:06:06 pm »
It's interesting to see the people to say that defragging is an unnecessary procedure. Sometimes they say this and like to say that it is important to clean the PC from unnecessary files (temp or others and... recycle bin). So the buit-in MS CleanUp utillity is needed and not obsolete; the buit-in MS defrag tool is useless and obsolete.
It seems that it's good to clean PC - but it's not good to organize the PC!
Like a house: maybe it's good to clean a house - but it's far from appropriate to arrange it. So the people can lunch in the bathroom and take a bath in the kitchen. A efficient and fast process. And a very interesting conclusion from an open space theory. Maybe is obsolete to organize a open space. It is organized itself...
I'm not a computer expert - but I like ever to appreciate experts statements and conclusions... Because the human mind is ever a very entertaining package and mysteriousness.
JkDefrag Supporter
Posts: 12
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #6 on:
December 03, 2007, 07:54:02 am »
Most of what's been said in reply, I agree with: you're saying a lot of things about defragging, but it's not like it's hard for people to actually test and compare results. There's no reason for a theoretical exercise when you can do a real life experiment, and people do see results in their regular operations when they defrag.
I do disagree about the multitasking: there are plenty of times in a modern machine where the thing IS trying to load from several files, and the end result is thrashing. However, defragged files are going to cause considerably less head movement overall, with or without the multitasking being thrown in, and to be fair to Jeroen, a server really would have a LOT more of that kind of thing happening than even a fairly busy desktop.
Filesystems have come a long way, including NTFS, since 1984, but they still have to deal with the reality of the physical device, and the repeated writing and deleting of files. They don't have mystic powers.
I added a comment to the "JKDefrag for Linux?" thread, but I think it bears repeating: Linux and similar OSes got their "we don't need no stinking defrag" reputations, or legends depending on your view, as server OSes with lots of partitions. You set up a Windows box with a bunch of partitions for temp files, logs, Windows itself, program files and My Documents separated, and NTFS will handle them with little or no defragging. That's the equivalent of how a server is generally set up. But who does this for home? It's just tedious and complicated.
RAM really helps, of course, if you have a lot of RAM for your disk cache, that'll reduce your overall access issues... as long as you don't need it for anything else.
JkDefrag Junior
Posts: 7
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #7 on:
December 08, 2007, 10:46:34 pm »
Dear Contributors!
I am pleased to have stung into a wasps' nest by posting here this thread. ;-)
I think, it is a good exercise to throw in an opposing meaning.
I grew up 30 years ago on a machine of the complexity between an IBM-PC/XT and /AT, but shared between 50 users.
It hath segments of 96KB and 768KB core, four-way interleaved and 48 bits wide, thus the odd sizes, clocked at 16kHz, no typo, this is audio band, not VHF video broadcasting or even mobile phone frequencies RAM is now connected at 64 bit.
We were used to count clocks and bytes, which carried over to the 8-bit and 16-bit machines, until those 32-bit machines and OS' came into fashion, all old programming virtues went down the kitchen sink.
OOP loads all ancestor objects up to the root into RAM, also all routine calls will rattle up to the root and down again, and DLL linkage far slower than a hard statically linked call, note there once was a proverb: "Windows maketh programs amble instead of run!" has eaten up all the massive computing power increases since 30 years ago.
Well, Global Heatup will make our old virtues: "Touch as few data as possible, touch data as rarely as possible, don't mess around!" come back into vogue.
Also New Economy will pay even more than the current US housing crisis, still picking every morning the cheapest guy from the street, they will be forced getting us old (50+) hackers for high pay to keep their business alive.
Note the old beast mentioned above was a mainframe, which corresponds to a server today, terminals were Thin Clients, and serial lines created a star-topology network. If you look deep into TCP/IP, you'll find quite a number of ASCII-acronyms there.
I serviced also mission-critical embedded computers, so my credo is: Machines have to have uptimes as long as possible, every downtime has to be avoided.
Thus BFFS of 1984, and the defragging idea almost a decade older (1976), with it's first cylinder group redirection at 40KB and every MB thereafter is still a fine style of controlled fragmentation to keep disk access and throughput times evenly distributed. Note BFFS increases disk bandwidth by 900% over the old 7thED files system at the same block size, the latter being comparable to FAT of any kind.
Aye, I use still Windows for legacy issues, there was no affordable *NIX for 80286 machines at X-mas 1988, otherwise I would never have benn locked into the Billyverse. I do quite a fight converting legagcy files into less legacy formats, Lotus WordPro hath a killer feature by implementing the CSS feature "page-break-before: avoid" which can go into a document template like the "page-break: avoid" of WordPerfect and LaTeX/TeX, the "page-break-after: avoid" cannot do this, if applied seriously to a business letter. I tend to create exactly that much text, that the "Kind regards" and following will land onto the next page. I wrote on a Selectric II clone beforehand, so I was less then satisfacted by the means of DOS-Word, Lotus SmartSuite with AMI-Pro 3.0 for OS/2 2.x offered the CSS feature "page-break-before: avoid" which allowed me to automate letter-writing for the first time. The other alternative was LaTeX/TeX, which came shortly later with Linux. AMI Pro 3.0's format was quite parseable, but WordPro's a binary mess, halfway legible only if you disactivate compression. Lotus' formats are prominently missing in file format listings in the Net.
Note for a 3D legacy search for "sütterlin". The stange quotes or tremas or dieresises on a, o or u take legacy from the strange lowercase "e" in this font, which went up above these letters in writing practice. Note Dutch will distinguish between ä. ö, and ü, and ae, oe, and ue in porper names. In German, there "oi" is a long "o", as in "ow", however "ui", is an "ü".
Sorry, I recommend Billyware as abolutely unprofessional, despite the success reports of them in taking over another professional. Let them take over the whole business world and they can no longer escape any liability as now.
The last few paragraphs just illustrate my professional views, uppercase latin letters were invented in Rome about 2,500 years ago, lowescase latin letters were invented in Aix-la-Chapelle nearby 1,200 years ago, and Arabian numerals were imported by Adam Riese about 500 years ago. There were Gothic letters, in Germany known as "Fraktur" and "Sütterlin" was the scholar version of the "Kurrentschrift" of older German offices, just a bit simplified and made upright to be more easy to learn.
Kind regards
Norbert Grün (
(132.03 KB - downloaded 365 times.)
Donn Edwards
JkDefrag Hero
Posts: 52
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #8 on:
December 09, 2007, 10:13:02 am »
"Conclusion: Defraggers are obsolete now, only an issue for some software providers, and probably for harddisk vendors."
Donn Edwards
Busy building
JkDefrag Hero
Posts: 81
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #9 on:
December 09, 2007, 05:42:21 pm »
Quote from: Gnor on December 08, 2007, 10:46:34 pm
The last few paragraphs just illustrate my professional views...
They may illustrate your professional experience, but they also illustrate your professional bias.
Nothing in the last post indicates any personal experience with, or a valid arguement against the practices of file defragmentation
or file optimization (two seperate issues that are often combined in the utilities that manage them).
It is a fact that fragmentation occurs (or can occur) when an Operating System tries to make efficient use of a storage device by
filling in gaps of space that would otherwise go unused if the OS tries too hard to find the "perfect" space for each file it deals with.
This becomes even more true when that OS has to deal with multiple users, I/O threads and read/write requests to different files.
It is a fact that some file systems are designed to be more resistant to fragmentation that others, but no FS is completely fragment free. NTFS is more resistant that FAT, but still incurs fragmentation depending on the average size of the files it stores and the cluster size that was initially created when a NTFS partition was formatted. Linux filesystems (ext2fs, ext3fs) are even more resistant due to a different method used to initiall allocate space for a given file (
), and the practice of partitioning the disk to seperate different categories of files (/boot /(root) /home /swap) to also reduce the chances of fragmentation in mixing system and user files. Even with that fragmentation will occur as new files are introduced to the storage space, and as different applications (bittorrent, media creation and editing, web surfing, word processing, database management) cause literal "fragments" of a complete file to be saved in the process of generating content.
This is somewhat evident in the article that I link to above, and in the previous conversation in these forums in
" Requests for new features > Multiplatform! JKdefrag on Linux? " where if became quite evident that not only is Linux subject to
fragmentation, and that there are utililties to manage it on that platform (filefrag), but that it can create fragmentation scenarios that
far exceed what the average Windows user is likely to incur. I encourage you to read the whole thread, but the relevant point was made there by user lulu135:
on the highly frag-resistant ext3 filesystem.
You seem to be please to have "poked a wasps' nest" in these posts you have made, but it comes across as if you are more interested
in starting an arguement than in engaging in a serious discussion. It can be a good idea to take an opposing viewpoint, but only if you have a valid position from which to debate, otherwise it can be a waste of valuable intellectual effort.
Your argument seems to be that defragmentation utilities are completely unneeded because file systems like BFFS were designed to address that issue long ago (I have to assume you are referring to the Berkeley Fat Fast File System, since you seem reluctant to clarify your statements). But you don't address how usage patterns that have changed from the systems used in 1984 can affect the potential of fragmentation now. Nor do you even attempt to address the idea of file optimization, not just placing files where they are less likely to fragment, but also the idea of placing files in a pattern that exemplifies your virtues of minimizing disk access and maximizing bandwidth.
Donn Edwards
JkDefrag Hero
Posts: 52
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #10 on:
December 09, 2007, 10:39:39 pm »
What's the point of "discussing" whether to defrag or not in the forums of a defrag program? Why not discuss the merits of war in a military forum?
Fragmentation happens on Windows sytems, both NTFS or FAT. You can measure it and measure its effect on system performance. This is hardly rocket science. Personally I'm bored by the discussion of unix file systems, or any other file system not available on WinXP. Why? Because it doesn't affect me.
If you genuinely think that defragmentation is irrelevant, then run
Windows 2000 Small Business Server
SQL Server
no defrag for 3 years
and don't call me when the hard drive dies or the machine grinds to a halt. I'll just say "I told you so".
Let's discuss the holocaust instead. Sheesh.
Last Edit: December 09, 2007, 10:43:20 pm by Donn Edwards
Donn Edwards
Busy building
JkDefrag Hero
Posts: 121
Re: To Defrag or not to Defrag?
Reply #11 on:
December 10, 2007, 03:26:19 am »
Quote from: Gnor on December 01, 2007, 12:39:53 pm
Back in DOS times, Heise's c't magazine closed their conclusion with the
acid comment that defragging is mostly for messies which like to watch
their disks being tidied up, but only these, not their room or house.
Thats me.
But unfortunately in Windows Time, Defragmentation benefits are self provable just as Jeroen has said by playing heavily defragmented Movie, database or copying a large log file.
You seem to be technically savy, your input here as a professional is appreciated, but I seem to have difficulty reading your thread, you seem to write like Shakespeare, and talk a lot about Amiga's and Commodore 64 things. I don't see any benefit to me or anyone else by posting such things.
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Moviefone on Tumblr! Why don't you just tell me the name of the movie?
— @moviefone
Posted 1 year ago
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We've reached the exact halfway point of 2011, so we thought it would be a good idea to look back at what's come out so far this year that we really liked.
Presenting the Best Movies of 2011 (So Far!)

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At our FL home we can sleep an additional 4 people besides our Guest room and I need to figure a way to store these 4 extra pillows when not in use. Right now they take up so much of my guest room closet storage space. Any suggestions on more compact storage solutions? Many thanks.This message has been edited. Last edited by: mamaspoon, | |||
Do you have room for a wicker or canvas trunk somewhere? Can you put two of the extra pillows in your closet? Do you have one of those vacuum seal things for big items? www.floridafarmgirlsworld.blogspot.com Life isn't about how to survive the storm, but how to dance in the rain. | ||||
I have put an extra high shelf in the closets (above the first one). Hard to get to for everyday items, but ideal for those seasonal or seldom used pillows, linens and such. The vacuum storage bags mentioned above are helpful too. | ||||
I've also put them into pillow shams and use on the bed. I mean, not to sleep on, just to keep in the shams. That uses up 2 of them; maybe 3. I hate taking decorative pillows off the bed at night but if it solves a storage problem I'll do it. | ||||
I have stored some in large plastic bags sealed with duct tape under the guest room bed. But I also have a floored attic so I can put lots of things up there...I have several LARGE closed plastic storage units I put up there just for extra blankets, pillows & such. "The soil is the source of life, creativity, culture and real independence." David Ben-Gurion | ||||
Once again you've given good suggestions. When we get back in Oct. I will try to add a high shelf in guest BR closet. Or can try the storage bags and then suck air out of it. thanks again. | ||||
another way to hide them is in the open...roll the pillow like a sausage and cover with a piece of fabris tying the ends...use as bolsters... | ||||
To reduce the amount of space extra bedding including pillows require, I store them in special plastic bags - attach a vaccuum cleaner hose to remove the air. Works great for sleeping bags too This message has been edited. Last edited by: tessa89, | ||||
I don't store extra pillows. Since we rarely have overnight guests, and since pillows are so inexoensive, I'd go to Walmart or Target and purchase a couple - if I needed extra ones. | ||||
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The Faculty of Sciences is seeking to fill the following full-time vacancy in the Department of Biology
Doctoral student in the area of Plant / Vegetation Ecology
Job description
· You prepare a doctoral thesis in the field of plant ecology, in particular with regard to the effects of climate extremes (extreme drought, heat, ….) on vegetations and ecosystems;
· You contribute to teaching and research in the Department of Biology / Faculty of Sciences / research group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology.
Profile and requirements
· You hold a master degree in Biology or in Bio-engineering, with a special interest in ecology and or environmental studies;
· You can submit outstanding academic results;
· Also students in the final year of their degree can apply;
· The focus in your teaching correspond to the UA educational vision;
· Your academic qualities comply with the requirements stipulated in the university's policy(http://www.ua.ac.be/research) and you will actively participate in the practical courses of Plant Ecology and Physical Ecology;
· You are quality-oriented, conscientious, creative, customer-oriented and cooperative;
· Experience with ecological field studies is preferred.
We offer
· A doctoral scholarship for a period of two years, with the possibility of renewal for a further two-year period after positive evaluation;
· The start date of scholarship will be October 1st, 2013;
· A dynamic and stimulating work environment.
Interested ?
· Applications may only be submitted online, until the closing date July 10th 2013;
· A pre-selection will be made from amongst the submitted applications. The remainder of the selection procedure is specific to the position and will be determined by the selection panel;
· More information about the application form can be obtained from Ellen Huijer (TEL 00323 265 31 45) or Robin Wynants (TEL 00323 265 31 41);
· For questions about the profile and the description of duties, please contact Prof. Dr. Reinhart Ceulemans, +32 (0)3 265 22 56; firstname.lastname@example.com
The Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry group (BMS) is a multidisciplinary team in the Department of Chemistry/Center for Proteomics (Faculty of Sciences) at the University of Antwerp/Belgium. We are looking for a highly motivated
PhD student
The BMS group (Prof. Frank Sobott) recently received funding for a collaborative center which will investigate dynamic protein structures and interactions by different spectroscopic techniques. The collaboration involves groups from different departments which use mass spectrometry, laser spectroscopy and biochemical/biophysical characterization to investigate "Protein structures in 4D" of biomedical interest.
You will be developing the experimental methods further, in particular based on mass spectrometry, and collaborate with the other groups and work on a variety of aspects of protein characterization. You will also prepare a doctoral thesis in the field of Protein Mass Spectrometry/Structural Biology, and contribute to teaching in the Sciences.
· You hold a master's degree in Chemistry or Physics, or perhaps Biochemistry; students in the final year of their degree can also apply;
· You ideally have some prior experience in either mass spectrometry, (bio)physical chemistry, spectroscopy or structural biology;
· You have a strong interest in applying these techniques to molecules of biological interest;
· You can manage your own research and submit outstanding academic results;
· You can communicate well in English (written and spoken);
· Your academic qualities comply with the requirements stipulated in the university's policy ( http://www.ua.ac.be/research );
· You are prepared to apply for external funding of your project via Belgian funding bodies;
· You are quality-oriented, conscientious, creative, and cooperative.
· A doctoral scholarship for an initial period of 1 year, which can be extended to 4 years after a positive evaluation;
· An exciting project at the interface of Physical and Life Sciences, in an international and multi-disciplinary context;
· The start date of the scholarship will be October 1st 2013, or at an earlier date as agreed;
· A very competitive monthly salary;
· A dynamic and stimulating work environment;
· Life in an attractive, international city at the heart of Europe.
· Applications to be submitted online;
· Include your curriculum vitae, a motivation letter and the names and contact information for at least two references;
· For questions about the profile and the description of duties, please feel free to contact Prof. Frank Sobott (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Postdoctoral Researcher
The BMS group (Prof. Frank Sobott) develops and uses methods based on native mass spectrometry and ion mobility to investigate large noncovalent assemblies of (bio-)molecules. Current topics in-clude protein conformational studies and the assembly, architecture and dynamics of DNA-regulating enzymes. We also develop and modify instrumentation in collaboration with manufacturers. The lab has a Synapt G2 (with ETD) and a high-mass Q-Tof2 and will acquire a customized Synapt G1 for the purpose of this project.
The Center for Proteomics has recently been established as a collaborative platform at the University of Antwerp. It comprises several groups which work in the areas of LC-MS analysis and proteomics. The Center has a wide range of state-of-the-art equipment, including an Orbitrap Velos (with ETD and FAIMS), 4800 MALDI TOF/TOF, triple quad and ion trap instruments, as well as Nanomate inlet devices, 1D and 2D LC/nano-LC, and extensive bioinformatics support.
The candidate will be employed to lead efforts in a large, EU-funded collaboration on the structure and assembly of histone-regulating enzyme complexes, using non-denaturing mass spectrometry and ion mobility approaches.
· You hold a PhD in Chemistry or Physics, or perhaps Biochemistry;
· You have prior experience in biological mass spectrometry;
· Knowledge of (bio)physical chemistry, spectroscopy or structural biology would be a bonus;
· Your academic qualities comply with the requirements stipulated in the university's policy (http://www.ua.ac.be/research);
· You are willing to apply for an independent postdoctoral fellowship;
· An appointment as a postdoctoral researcher for a period of one year, with a possibility for extension of 2 years;
· The date of appointment will be as soon as possible;
· Include your curriculum vitae, publication list, a motivation letter and the names and contact information for at least two references;
The VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center) supports the HPC activities in all Flemish university associations (vscentrum.be). The HPC core facility of the University of Antwerp (calcua.ua.ac.be) is looking for
a full-time HPC analyst
· You take part in the first-line support, you advise and assist researchers in using specialized software, modifying existing code and writing new code (using MPI, OpenMP etc. and optimizing for specific hardware);
· You inform potential users within the university associations, research centers and industry, make them aware of the infrastructure and motivate them;
· You develop courses, together with your VSC colleagues and other specialists, such that researchers use the infrastructure in an optimal way. You also teach some of the courses;
· You identify the needs and you advise on software installation and upgrades.
· You obtained a PhD or master degree in sciences or applied sciences with an extensive ICT program;
· You are familiar with scientific computing;
· you are an experienced user of scientific software, both as an end-user as well as a developer;
· You have a strong interest in computational problems, also outside the (applied) sciences (e.g., economics, medicine, sociology, linguistics) and you have extensive programming experience;
· Since you will be working in an academic environment, we assume some affinity for scientific research;
· You are interested in a customer-related service, you have excellent communication skills in English, working knowledge of Dutch is an asset;
· You are flexible, responsible and a team player.
A full-time employment starting at July 1, 2013 or at a later date as agreed for a period of 1 year, which can be extended.
A preselection is based on your letter of application, your letters of recommendation and CV. Selected candidates are invited for tests and/or an interview.
Your application letter, 2 letters of recommendation and CV should arrive not later than April 30, 2013 at the Universiteit Antwerpen, attn. Prof. Annie Cuyt, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Middelheimlaan 1, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
More information: Prof. Annie Cuyt, tel. +32 3 265 3898 / +32 3 265 3860 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
The Faculty of Sciences is seeking to fill the following full-time vacancy in the Evolutionary Ecology Group of the Department of Biology:
Doctoral student in Ecology
Evolutionary Ecology of nest-parasite communities in cavity-nesting birds
Despite the multitude of studies on nestbox-breeding birds, surprisingly little attention has been paid to host-parasite interactions, and to nest parasites in particular. Moreover, most studies have focused on single parasite species without considering interactions among different parasite species or factors governing parasite diversity. Aside from their relevance to their bird hosts, nest parasites can also be studied as ecological communities in their own right. Thanks to their highly standardized conditions and amenability to field experiments with a high degree of spatial replication, nestboxes can be regarded as semi-natural mesocosms that can be used for investigating topics such as interspecific interactions, dispersal and environmental gradients such as urbanization. The present project originated as part of an inter-university, multi-taxon research project on eco-evolutionary dynamics along a single urbanization gradient in Belgium ("SPEEDY"), including communities ranging from birds to plants to aquatic zooplankton . The project is also embedded in a long-term research programme on population dynamics and evolutionary ecology of cavity-nesting birds.
The specific objectives of this PhD project are (1) to describe variation in species richness, community structure and functional diversity of parasites and commensal species inhabiting nests of great tits (Parus major)alongan urbanization gradient in Belgium; (2) to study the impact of parasite communities on host fitness, using demographic data collected in an ongoing population study; (3) to study how prevalence and abundance of parasite species are affected by ecological interactions within the nest (competition, mutualism, predation) and how these interactions vary along the urbanization gradient; and (4) to analyze the potential for evolutionary change along this gradient by studying variation at genotypic (using neutral markers) and phenotypic level (life history traits, virulence- and dispersal-related traits) for one or more parasite species.
· You hold a Master degree in Biology or comparable with a strong background in ecology and evolutionary biology;
· You have a solid training in both uni- and multivariate statistical analysis;
· Experience with parasite research, entomology and/or community ecology is an advantage;
· The starting date of the scholarship will be April 1st 2013;
· You will enrol in the Antwerp Doctoral School training program ( www.ua.ac.be/ads ) allowing you to take part in various courses, training programs and conferences within and outside the university;
· You will work in a team of several PhD students, postdocs and technical staff involved in eco-evolutionary research on birds and bird parasites;
· You will be member of the Evolutionary Ecology group, a dynamic and internationally-oriented research group that combines field, lab and modelling approaches to study various questions in ecological and evolutionary research, mainly focusing on birds and mammals ( www.ua.ac.be/eveco ).
· Applicants should send their complete CV, a one-page statement of research interests and motivation for this project, and contact information of two referees who can supply letters of recommendation upon our request;
· Applications should be submitted by email to Prof. Erik Matthysen at firstname.lastname@example.com until the closing date: 20 January 2013;
· For more information, contact Erik Matthysen at the same email adress or at (+32) 3265 3464
The University of Antwerp strives to contribute to an open, democratic and multi-cultural society. We follow an equal-opportunity policy.
The Faculty of Sciences of the University of Antwerp, in collaboration with the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), is seeking to fill the following full-time vacancy in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.
Post-doctoral researcher in the field of data mining for proteomics
The research will be conducted within the Advanced Database Research and Modelling (ADReM) lab of the UA department of Mathematics and Computer Science, and within the UA/Vito Center for Proteomics. ADReM is a leading group in European data mining research. The Center for Proteomics (CFP) is a joint research center funded and operated by VITO and the University of Antwerp. CFP incorporates academic research based on mass spectrometry and related techniques, as well as applications in a wide range of biomedical areas. This position is situated in the context of the IWT-SBO project "inspector: an integrated informatics platform for mass spectrometry-based protein assays". The candidate will conduct research to develop new data mining and machine learning algorithms supporting "mass-spectrometry based proteomics (MS proteomics)". MS proteomics is a powerful and promising domain for biotechnology and hospital, but the enormous complexity of its data requires novel, robust data processing techniques.
You will perform research on the development of novel data mining and machine learning techniques, with a focus on translating the challenges of MS proteomics data processing into novel algorithms and data processing workflows. You will work closely with domain experts to understand the data and its particular problems, and you will supervise their applicability in a real laboratory setting. In collaboration with bioinformaticians these newly developed methods will be embedded in a user-friendly software environment and application-programming interface. You co-supervise PhD students working in this and related projects. You collaborate with researchers in different disciplines (from computational sciences to life sciences) within the consortium (UA, VIB-UGent, Vito and KULeuven) and with (mainly biotech) companies of the project user committee.
· You have a doctoral degree in (applied) data mining, bioinformatics or chemoinformatics with an excellent publication track record;
· You are strong in interdisciplinary English communication, quality-oriented and creative, and eager to emerge in new scientific disciplines. Proven people and project management skills and ability to attract research funds are a plus;
· Previous experience in p rotein bioinformatics, mass spectrometry or other 'omics techniques is an advantage.
· A postdoctoral research position for a period of two years, with the possibility of renewal after positive evaluation. The default start date of the position is March 1st 2013;
· A salary commensurate with your experience and academic qualifications;
· A dynamic, stimulating and multinational work environment.
Candidates are invited to send a motivation letter, a detailed CV (including courses, grades, previous work, publications) and contact info of at least two references (including email addresses and phone numbers) to Prof. Kris Laukens ( firstname.lastname@example.com ) and Prof. Dirk Valkenborg ( email@example.com ). Don't hesitate to contact us in advance for more information.
The Vision Lab ( http://www.visielab.ua.ac.be/ ) is a dynamic research group of the physics department at the University of Antwerp. The Vision Lab has unique expertise in the development of tomographic image reconstruction, processing and analysis methods. Application domains are Computed tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electron Tomography.
The current position involves the development of 1) discrete tomography and 2) neural networks for X-ray computed tomography in food processing.
Your profile:
· You have a master degree in Computer Science, Physics, Mathematics, Applied sciences;
· You have a strong background in mathematics and interest in scientific research;
· You have profound programming skills in C++ and/or Matlab;
· You have excellent communication skills (English);
· You want to work in a team of researchers on the topic of model based image reconstruction.
Our offer:
· An exciting research trajectory towards a PhD;
· Multidisciplinary research: cooperation with academic research groups (Univ. Antwerp, KU Leuven, Amsterdam) and industrial partners;
· Top-computer infrastructure;
· Competitive salary
Interested candidates are invited to send
· A motivation letter
· A detailed CV (including followed courses, grades, previous work, publications, …
· Contact info of at least two references
to Karen Dierckxsens ( email@example.com ) with Prof Sijbers ( email@example.com ) in copy.
Prof. Dr. Jan Sijbers
University of Antwerp
Universiteitsplein 1
Campus Drie Eiken, N.1.13
B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
Email: jan. firstname.lastname@example.com
Postdoc position in the domain of theory of quantum systems
The research group 'theory of quantum and complex systems' (TQC) has an open postdoc position on quantum liquids of exciton-polaritons. Exciton-polaritons are quasi particles in semiconductor heterostructures that combine good coherence properties with strong interactions. Because of these favorable properties, they are an ideal laboratory system for the study of bosonic quantum gases. Thanks to our collaborations with experimental laboratories, our predictions can be tested in practice.
TQC is a research group in the department of physics at the University of Antwerp with large expertise in the domain of solid state physics, quantum gases and quantum liquids. The research activities range from superconductivity over atomic gases to quantum liquids of electrons in Helium bubbles and exciton-polaritons.
The candidate for the positions must have a phD in physics, a background in theoretical physics, in the field of quantum optics, quantum gases or solid state physics. The researcher is expected to be open to discussions and collaborate with the other members of the group.
One year with the possibility for prolongation up to three years.
Additional information
Additional information on the job opening can be obtained from Prof. Dr. M. Wouters, tel: +32 3 265 24 80, email@example.com , CDE.N018.
You can apply by email ( email@example.com ), with the application you will provide a curriculum vitae.
T he University of Antwerp is seeking to fill the following vacancies (m/f) at the DepartmentBiology-Ethology of the Faculty of Sciences:
2 PhD students in Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology
Job description:
Although birdsong is a classic example of a sexually selected trait, individual song traits have often been studied in isolation and/or during a limited period during life. In our project we will adopt an integrative approach to study the causes and consequences of song behaviour in a great tit population in which males are being studied throughout life. Observational data and field experiments will be used to examine the fitness consequences of individual variation in all aspects of song (while simultaneously also considering other sexual traits). Particular attention can/will be paid on:
· the links between song traits, personality and cognitive skills;
· the role of song in intersexual communication, including movement behaviour during the dawn chorus (telemetry…)
· the effects of pollution (for instance light pollution..) on song expression
· the physiological basis of variation in song expression
A partly similar research program will be developed for blue tits (wild) and European Starlings (captivity).
Profile and requirements:
We are looking for enthusiastic persons interested in behavioural and evolutionary ecology, with good organizational skills, able to work independently as well as in a team, who would like to take this opportunity to combine field with experimental work in a well-equipped research group. Candidates should have a MSc in Biology or a related field.
Desirable: Fieldwork experience, and experience with birds or animals; bird ringing experience; full driving license; good knowledge of theory and research methods in behavioural, evolutionary ecology.
We offer :
• The possibility to join a dynamic and expanding group of researchers working on all 4 major aspects of animal behaviour (causation, development, function and evolution) and to learn many new techniques
• Freedom in developing your own research interests
• An initial 1-year contract, extendable for up to 4 years following a positive evaluation
• The positions should yield a Ph.D. degree of the University of Antwerp
• The positions will be filled as soon as possible
Please send all application material including 1) your curriculum vitae 2) a brief (250 words) summary of your reasons for applying and 3) a letter of reference as single PDF-file as soon as possible to firstname.lastname@example.com .
Further information can be obtained from: Marcel Eens, firstname.lastname@example.com,phone +32 32652284, see also http://www.ua.ac.be/marcel.eens
The particle physics group of the University of Antwerp is looking for a post-doctoral researcher in the field of QCD phenomenology.The main topic of research of the group is the experimental study of fundamental interactions at large accelerators such as the LHC at CERN. The group is however seeking to enlarge its activities to more theoretical/phenomenological studies, complementary to its experimental programme. The candidate will have to conduct high quality and independent research and should contribute to the coaching of students doing a master or doctoral study in particle physics.The position is available for an initial period of 1 year, with a possible extension of up to 3 years. Ample computing facilities and a supporting research environment are available to the candidate.Interested applicants should submit a curriculum vitae and arrange to have two letters of recommendation sent to Pierre Van Mechelen. More information about the position can be obtained at the same address. The preferred method to apply is via e-mail, but applications are also accepted by regular mail at the following address:Prof. Pierre Van MechelenDepartement FysicaUniversiteit Antwerpen (CGB)Groenenborgerlaan 1712020 AntwerpenBelgiumE-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.: +32-3-265-3573Fax.: +32-3-265-3318


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I spent 4 nights in this hotel for tourism purpose with my family and family of my wife (a big group) by the end of January this year. The rooms are clean, modern (wifi), well equiped and very comfortable. The breakfast is delicious and the sevice excellent ! The location cannot be better, very close to Bastille station which deserves... More
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Hello i converted to islam oce as a 14 year olad and then left and retuned at 16 ( neither time i understood what i was doing and wasnt fully commited ) i am 17 i wish to return to Islam and give my life over to Allah my question is will he forgive my apostacy and allow me to worship him and one day have a place in paradise |
Hi, In ch39v53 Allah says: Say, "O My servants who have transgressed against themselves [by sinning], do not despair of the mercy of Allah . Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful. In ch4v110 Allah say: And whoever does a wrong or wrongs himself but then seeks forgiveness of Allah will find Allah Forgiving and Merciful. Allah will forgive you. |
Oh! Ofcourse, Allah will forgive you. Allah is always happy to accept us when we return to Him. All you have to do is worship Him to the best of your ability and be steadfast, He is the Forgiver, the Beneficient. With regard to His paradise, Allah says: O you who believe, fear Allah as He should be feared, and do not die except you are muslims. So if you really want His paradise, just be patient, and die a true muslim, and you will live in it forever, insha-allah. As Allah does not forgive those who die as unbelievers, their final abode is the hell fire. The prophet(phuh) used to pray thus: My Lord, the manipulater of the hearts, kill my heart in your religion. May Allah forgive our shortcomings, kill us while we are muslims and admit us into His paradise. Amin. |
Don not forget Allah the Almighty the first epithet of him is Ar-Rahman(Merciful) and he himself(Jalla Jallalah) says in his book: And your God is the most compassionate... you have opportunity to repent any time till your death. |


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All rights in the WRC website and its contents, are owned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ("FIA").
Use of this site is provided subject to the following Terms and Conditions:
These Terms and Conditions shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales. Disputes arising in relation to the website shall be exclusively subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales.
If these Terms and Conditions are not accepted in full, you do not have permission to access the site and therefore should cease using this website immediately.


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Latest Gauteng News
Gimmies shock Boishaai
7 Aug 2011
Paarl Gym picked up a surprise 22-19 win over rivals Paarl Boys' in the major schoolboy derby on Saturday. Read more
School rivalries in full flow
5 Aug 2011
There will be three other major schoolboy derbies this weekend. Read more
Big wins for Grey Bloem, Affies
31 Jul 2011
Grey Bloem recorded a 71-21 drubbing of rivals Grey PE while Affies eased to a 18-6 win over Glenwood. Read more
Battle of the Greys up north
29 Jul 2011
Monnas crowned Jozi's best
24 Jul 2011
Monument beat Florida 20-11 to win the Golden Lions schools final on Saturday. Read more
Monnas, Florida clash for top honours
22 Jul 2011
Monument and Florida will meet in the Beeld Trophy final at Hoërskool Linden in the Schoolboy Derby match of the weekend. Read more
Double header in KZN
22 Jul 2011
There are only two major matches in the KZN region this weekend with Martizburg College hosting Affies and Glenwood taking on a provincial development XV. Read more
Grey Bloem back in action
22 Jul 2011
Grey College return to 1st XV rugby action when they challenge Pretoria Boys' away this weekend. Read more
KES claim double triumph
20 Jun 2011
KES beat St John's and Jeppe convincingly in a space of two days over the long weekend. Read more
Grey edge Affies in Bloem scrap
16 Jun 2011
GARETH DUNCAN watched Grey College clinch a 16-11 win over Affies in a closely contested encounter in Bloemfontein. Read more
Grey, Affies in clash of 2011
15 Jun 2011
Grey College will host Affies on Thursday in the schoolboy match of the season. Read more
Schools round-up (15-17 June)
15 Jun 2011
GARETH DUNCAN analyses the major schoolboy action from across the country for the long weekend. Read more
Monnas, Klofies shine up north
12 Jun 2011
Monument and Waterkloof recorded easy victories over Florida and Zwartkops respectively over the weekend. Read more
Monnas to shine in Affies, Grey's absence
10 Jun 2011
Monument will be the only top school in the Northvaal/Free State region to play this weekend. Read more
Noord-Kaap shock Affies
5 Jun 2011
Noord-Kaap beat Affies 25-22 in Kimberley after leading 17-5 at the break. Read more
Affies take on Northern Cape's best
3 Jun 2011
After thrashing KZN's top team Maritzburg College, Affies will travel to Kimberley to face the unbeaten Noord-Kaap this weekend. Read more
Affies, Boishaai to prove why they're best
3 Jun 2011
GARETH DUNCAN analyses this weekend's top schoolboy action around the country. Read more
Klofies command Bulls Craven Week team
30 May 2011
Waterkloof have 14 players in the Blue Bulls Craven Week match 22 that will compete in Kimberley in July. Read more
Affies, Grey Bloem dominate up north
29 May 2011
Affies thumped Maritzburg College 55-7 while Grey College returned to winning ways with a convincing 61-8 away win over Fichardtpark. Read more
Affies to face tricky College
27 May 2011
Affies will come up against KZN's top-rated school Maritzburg College at home this Saturday. Read more


text:
By Wheel Master
What does Offset mean?
Offset is the distance between the hub mounting face at the back of the wheel and the wheel's centraline.
Offset is usually stamped or engraved into the wheel and is measured in millimetres of 'ET' [ET is the short form of the German word 'Einpresstiefe' which literally translates as 'insertion depth'] (more…)


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Radiology and/or Mammography Tech (Puyallup): ARRT certified. Send resume cover letter to MINW, H/R More info |
MA for busy peds practice. Min 5 yrs pediatric exp preferred. Must be team player, w/good clinical s More info |
Dental Technician A Tacoma dental lab has an immediate opening for an experienced waxer for crowns, More info |
Olympic ESD 114 is hiring for a School Psychologist Physical Therapist Occupational Therapist www.o More info |
SURGICAL TECH Busy Auburn orthopedic surgery center seeking FT experienced SURGICAL TECH. Variable More info |
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This fun and functional collection of contraptions is not just for the masculine side of art. Designed by Donna Salazar to coordinate w... Full Description & Details.
I love the die cuts that these make, I have used inks with it to age them and I have used glue and Platnium glass glitter to cover them. I will post a picture soon.


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Step 1:
Create a folder for your workspace. In this particular case, I have created a folder called "MyJ2EEWS" in my windows D drive.
Step 2:
Open the workspace in Eclipse. I am using IBM's Rational Software Architect (RSA). Since this is built upon eclipse, you should be able to find these steps pretty similar.
Step 3:
Once the workspace is open, change the perspective to J2EE. There are several ways to do this. One way is to use the menu Windows > Open Perspective > Other and then choose J2EE from the list (you might have to check "Show All" check-box to see J2EE in the list. I am explaining an alternative way to do this in 5 sub steps below. (Step 3a through step 3e)
Step 3a:
In this tutorial, I am using a little icon on the left hand side of Resource as shown in the diagram below.
Step 3b:
When you click on that little icon, it will come up with a list. Select "Other…"
Step 3c:
Click on Show All check box.
Step 3d:
After you have clicked on "Show all" check box, it will populate with new items in the list. Select J2EE.
Step 3e:
Now you will get a J2EE Perspective in your workspace.
Step 4:
In this step, we will create a dynamic web project. I will span this step over ten sub steps
Step 4a:
Click on File > New > Other
Step 4b:
You will see a list of items in the new project wizard.
Step 4c:
Select dynamic web project and click on Next
Step 4d:
In the dialog box that appears, provide your Project Name. I have renamed my project as MyEnterprise.
On the same dialog, you can provide the target runtime which is nothing but your application server. To do so, click on the new button next to "Target Runtime" as shown in the diagram below.
Step 4e:
Select a Jboss Server from the list and click on next.
Step 4f:
A Dialog box will come up requesting for the Jboss Application server directory.
Step 4g:
Select the Jboss installation location. In my case the Jboss was installed in the following folder:
C:\JBoss Servers\My J2EE JBoss\jboss-4.0.1sp1 (This is a folder one level up from your 'bin' directory of Jboss.) After browsing the directory, click on Finish button.
Step 4h:
You will see that the target runtime for Jboss now appears in the drop down. Click on next.
Step 4i :
Click next on the dialog box that appears. You will see that 'Java' and 'Dynamic Web Module' project facets have been selected. Select them, if they are not. You can change the version of Java by clicking on the version number and selecting the proper version from the drop down if needed. Click on Next when you are done.
Step 4j:
You now will come up with a dialog box where you can configure your web module settings. If you would like to accept the default one, click on next. But you can modify the values as required. In my case, I wanted to change the context root to 'myapp' so I modified the first entry accordingly.
Press the Finish Button when you are done.
Step 5: Creating A Servlet
I have divided the process of creating servlets into 6 sub steps.
Step 5a:
Once you are done creating the Dynamic web project, you will see you workspace something similar to below. If not open the project explorer and see the folder structure. It will be something comparable.
Step 5b:
Write click on your WebContent directory as shown in the diagram and click on New > Other
Step 5c:
Select 'Servlet' in the dialog box that comes up and press Next button.
Step 5d:
• Provide the package name
• Provide the class name
• Check the "Generate an annotated servlet class" so that it creates some skeleton code for you
Step 5e:
If you want to provide a different URL mapping, you can do so here. You can even pass the initialization parameters if any. The information here will be used to create WEB.XML file. Click on next.
Step 5f:
In the next screen that comes up you can select different servlet properties and method stubs to be created. Once you are done, press Finish Button.
Step 6:
The Servlet Mapping – With actions taken in step 5 above, you will find a web.xml file updated with the servlet created. The following is a servlet mapping in my workspace and is available at the location given below.
Step 7:
This step will guide you editing your Servlet stub to do some work.
Step 7a:
Open your servlet that you created. Since I clicked on "Generate an annotated servlet class" while creating a servlet and chose some methods that needed to created, my auto generated servlet stub looks like below.
Step 7b:
Edit your servlet to print some sample stuff. Since there are two methods I generated viz. doGet and doPost, I am forwarding any get request to doPost methods. In the doPost methods, I am writing some text using HttpServletResponse object's writer.
Step 8:
This step is about creating a Jboss Server and setting it up properly in order to deploy our application.
Step 8a:
In Servers tab, right click on the empty location and choose New > Server as shown.
Step 8b:
Choose Jboss Server and press next.
Step 8c:
Provide Server properties like address, http port, JNDI Port , server configuration etc or just accept the default properties and click on Next.
Step 8d:
Add your project to the server. Select the project from the Available projects and click on Add
Step 8e:
Once the project has been added click on Finish.
Step 9:
Start The Jboss Server – Right click on the Jboss Server in the servers tab and click on start.
[Note: you have to add tools.jar (from jdk lib folder e.g. C:\j2sdk1.4.2_12\lib) in the Jboss class path. For that you need to double click on the server and click on "Open Launch Configuration" and then add the above jar in the Classpath tab]
Step 10:
Once the server is started, test your application by accessing it in the browser.
Originally posted 2010-04-12 15:07:11.


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For young South Australian scientist Dr Kathryn Burdon, looking the other way has just won her great recognition for her research into genetic blindness....Tuesday 18 August 2009
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Latest Scitech Awards stories on ABC Adelaide
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One in three people have a chance of developing a tuberculosis infection in their lifetime. What's even more chilling is the possibility that figure could rise with people now infected with an extremely drug resistent TB. Drs Anthony Radford, James Rothel, Paul Wood and Stephen Jones invented ...Wednesday 15 May 2013
They are among the highest honours Australian scientists can aspire to, yet when the Australian Academy of Science announced its 20 new fellowships this year there was not a single woman on the list. In fact no woman scientist even made the shortlist of 37. ...Wednesday 8 May 2013
The head of an Australian company developing adult stem cell treatments for a number of conditions has been awarded the first Key Innovation Award from the Pontifical Council for Culture. Silviu Itescu is attending a conference at the Vatican on adult stem cell research. He says there's no harm in ...Friday 12 April 2013
Completing an Ag Science degree these days can take you to places you might not have expected....Thursday 28 February 2013
A smart phone application that forecasts grain harvest yields has won the Grains Research and Development Council and Australian Farmer of the Year nation-wide grain inventor's award....Tuesday 26 February 2013


text: This gives a whole new meaning to "coffee and dessert." :) http://bit.ly/1bpt0Ek It's Not Complicated: Coffee Ice Cream Sandwich Terrine Recipe nestleusa.wordpress.com Written by Chris - This double-decker ice cream sandwich tastes just like the original. Layered in a loaf pan, it's sophisticated enough for entertaining and yummy enough for kids. And making this ... |


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Moderators: Darran@Retro Gamer, SirClive, CraigGrannell, FatTrucker
AmidstStorm wrote:I think I have my game nomination ready if I manage to stay in top 5 (not confident).. Anyone started thinking about theirs yet? *coughs* "vert shmups" *coughs*
No worries, you can still nominate, you never know you might get time to squeeze in a credit here and there. I feel compelled to try top my score now too. Rankings are getting tight up there.DigitalDuck wrote:Sorry AmidstStorm...
DigitalDuck - 795050 - ALL CLEAR - Stock - JUE ROM
Since I'm not taking part next game, though, it's not fair of me to nominate. I'll leave you to choose.
Gonna try and beat that score, though.
i've really slipped down now.. hmm maybe a few more goes..Sel Feena wrote:Goddamn, 4th again? Will have to see if I can have one last big session tomorrow evening, to try and claw my way back up a little. Haven't managed to do better so far, though...
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text:
April 8, 2010
Christians Engage the Media
The recent decline in the Cable News Network's (CNN) ratings indicates that Americans are more interested in a polarized approach to news, whether from the right or the left. An important component of the American cultural landscape, cable news holds significant influence in the way many Americans learn what is happening in the world. Yet,…


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Had a great two-week stay in late-April-early-May -- before the start of the traditional "tourist" season. If you don't have to have an ocean view, be "in the middle of the hustle-and-bustle', and don't mind driving a few miles to get to restaurants, attractions, etc., this is a fantastic place to stay. It's off a local road (not even a... More
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Robert H. Shmerling, M.D., is associate physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and associate professor at Harvard Medical School. He has been a practicing rheumatologist for over 20 years at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He is an active teacher in the Internal Medicine Residency Program, serving as the Robinson Firm Chief. He is also a teacher in the Rheumatology Fellowship Program.
Your symptoms suggest Raynaud's disease.
This is a condition in which the blood vessels tighten (constrict) excessively. Doctors call this vasospasm. It usually happens in the fingers or toes (or both). It can be triggered by cold temperatures or emotional stress. In severe cases, these changes may be more constant (then we call it fixed vasospasm). Raynaud's is reversible. When warmed, the fingers return to normal.
Treatment for Raynaud's disease includes:
Raynaud's disease may be associated with scleroderma or other autoimmune diseases. If you also have severe heartburn or skin thickening over the fingers, for example, you could have an autoimmune condition as a contributor to Raynaud's disease.
Neck pain is a common symptom, especially among computer users. Muscle tension is often to blame. It's possible that a diseased blood vessel in your neck or upper arm might cause neck pain and contribute to vasospasm. Or, thyroid disease may cause neck pain and contribute to Raynaud's disease. However, these are remote possibilities. It's much more likely that your neck and hand symptoms are unrelated.
Raynaud's and Hardening of the Arteries Some people have a combination of vasospasm and another blood vessel disease. The most common one is atherosclerosis. This is the "hardening of the arteries," which can happen among people with various risk factors:
With atherosclerosis, deposits of cholesterol line the blood vessels throughout the body. This narrows the vessels and limits the flow of blood. Often there is inflammation in the vessels. This makes the vessels more prone to a sudden reduction in blood flow. When atherosclerosis and vasospasm occur together, it's important to treat both.
Treatment for atherosclerosis includes:
See your doctor for an evaluation. It's important to review your symptoms in detail and have a detailed neurologic and vascular examination. Together, you and your doctor can decide on the best choice of treatment.


text:
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text: Click On Image For DetailsSpoil yourself with this exquisite faux fabric. These versatile faux fur fabrics have a luxurious hand and a soft subtle sheen just like the real thing! They are perfect for Making gorgeous jackets, coats, wraps, fashion accessories, fashion apparel accents, costumes and home decor accents such as pillows, throws and more!


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Proxy Sites – the Most Up-To-Date Proxy List on the Internet
List of Proxy Sites
Proxy Site | Speed | Country | Hits | Age |
http://chromeproxy.net/ | United States | 1462 | 1 week | |
http://www.thebypassproxy.com | United States | 737 | 1 week | |
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http://www.motherproxy.com | United States | 3000 | 6 months |
Follow Our Feed on Twitter to Get New Proxy Sites Instantly
Our Twitter handle is ProxyBlast. Follow us on Twitter and receive new proxies as soon as they are posted. |
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To get the newest proxies in your email every day, just subscribe to our email list.
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What are Proxy Sites?
A Proxy site is a web page which allows you to browse your favorite web sites — even though your access to those web sites might be blocked by a content filter.
If you find that you are blocked from your favorite websites, use one of these web proxy sites to get around the block.
How Proxy Sites Work
Proxy sites enable you to bypass your own Internet provider and browse through the proxy web site. All that you have to do is type the web site address you would like to visit in the form they provide, and start browsing. Once you keep browsing using that form, you are protected and your real IP address is not being logged.
A proxy is a web page that provides Internet users with the ability to browse websites that a content filter, such as WebSense or SmartFilter, may block. By using the proxy as the portal to the blocked site, it is possible to circumvent the work of whatever content filter is in place. At the same time, the proxy site also helps to mask the visit to the site, so that there is less evidence that the content filter was not successful in preventing the visit.
Why Use a Proxy?
One of the legitimate proxy site uses is to get around blocked content that may contain one or two words that the filter has identified as inappropriate for viewing. Many companies use filters to limit their employees' ability to spend time looking at web pages that are not related to job functions in some manner. This is usually accomplished with the use of key words that are programmed into the filter, which in turn blocks any page or site with those words present. While this blocks access to a number of sites that have nothing to do with work, they can also inhibit access to pages and glossaries that are designed to be helpful.
When this is the case, an employee may choose to use a proxy site to get around the block and be able to get to a page that he or she legitimately needs to view in order to accomplish a work related task. Since using a proxy site does not take much longer than using a browser window, it is much faster than calling technical support and trying to get authorization to remove a given site from the filter list.
Many totalitarian nations also use content filters to block their residents from finding information on the world wide web that the regime in power may not approve of. Residents of those nations can use proxy sites to access news and information from the free world.
Another advantage of using the proxy site is that the user's IP address is not logged. This helps to ensure the privacy and anonymity of Internet users.
Proxy Software
The two most popular pieces of proxy software on the Internet are PHPoxy and CGIProxy.
PHProxy is a lot more customizable and offers a lot more than CGIProxy, but the anonymity is not as good.
Here are the available options while using PHProxy:
- Includes a mini URL form on every HTML page
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Some PHProxy instances may have been customized after the installation. These are just the default options. This is most probably all that one would need but by editing some of these abilities (e.g. enabling Client-Side Scripting), anonymity will be reduced and the original IP address will be viewable.
CGIProxy is not quite as customizable, but offers full anonymity with Client-Side Scripting. This is a huge advantage.
Here are the available options while using CGIProxy:
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This is not anywhere near as large as PHProxy's list, but it is good to know that the user is going to be completely safe and his/her IP is going to be completely hidden.
FAQs Related to Proxy Sites
- Anonymous Proxy Lists
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- Proxy Servers
- What is a Proxy?
- How to Setup a Proxy Server
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- How to Add a Free Proxy List to your Web Page


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Carlisle decorating firm reassures over its future
Last updated at 12:53, Saturday, 18 August 2012
Bosses of a large painting and decorating firm insist their future is sound – despite an arm of their business being closed down.
Story Painting Group, which started in Silloth in 1974, has ceased trading but staff and assets have been absorbed into its strong performing main trading division – Story Decorating Group. The news emerged via The London Gazette, which publishes insolvency notices.
A spokesman for Story, now based at Kingstown in Carlisle, stressed it would still carry out painting contracts and that customers would not notice any change.
Managing director Rob Story said: "There won't be any jobs lost.
"We've got a strong order book and are currently delivering some significant contracts across the north west.
"We've spoken with our key clients and everyone is comfortable with our plans for the future.
"Our other divisions, including Fire Protective Coatings UK, also have a strong outlook."
First published at 10:49, Saturday, 18 August 2012
Published by http://www.newsandstar.co.uk
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- Reward for west Cumbria's unsung tourism ambassadors
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- Cumbrian success in Visit England awards
- Profits plunge for West Coast Mainline bidder FirstGroup
- Empty Hoopers store in Carlisle poised for £1m sale
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- Cumbrian firms missing the boat over apprentices
- Stobart Group boss hopes for flights from Carlisle next summer
- Girl airlifted to Newcastle hospital after 'serious' crash
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- Cumbrian zoo tiger attack victim dies
- Park owner shot at tigers to try and save zookeeper (9 comments)
- Carlisle yob who hurled bottle at moving lorry sentenced
- Carlisle man spared jail sentence for attack on policeman
- Carlisle defences not to blame for rural flooding, says agency
- Surgeons at Carlisle hospital almost operated on wrong side of patient's body
- Carlisle man's £1,000 court bill for putting the rubbish out early
- Cumbrian school's got the X-Factor


text:
Wednesday, March 14, 2012
Six alumni and one professor have been nominated for the Sioux Falls YWCA Tribute to Women Awards, honors that recognize local women who have made exemplary contributions in the workplace and in the community.
Tuesday, March 13, 2012
The winter issue of the magazine for alumni and friends of the college celebrates "champions" of education. Whether in a classroom, as an administrator, a university president, or on a desert migrant trail, these Augustana graduates are doing all they can to help nurture and support the young people of today in order to make tomorrow's world even better.
Thursday, March 8, 2012
Read the Argus Leader feature about Texas-based artist Alice Leora Briggs, the force behind the Eide/Dalrymple Gallery's haunting new exhibit, "Alice Leora Briggs: Near Impunity." Briggs will speak at a special presentation on Juárez at 6:30 p.m. on Thursday, March 8, in Kresge Recital Hall. The gallery reception is set for 5-7 p.m. on Friday, March 9.
Wednesday, March 7, 2012
In recognition of national "Ban the R-Word" day, a day to promote awareness of the campaign to stop using the word "retarded," members of Augustana's Student Council for Exceptional Children (SCEC) gathered together to show their support.
Tuesday, March 6, 2012
The Augustana Women's Association (AWA) has collected 56 dresses for the Cheyenne River Youth Project's "Passion for Fashion" event, an annual event in Eagle Butte, S.D., that provides teenage girls in need with prom essentials such as dresses, shoes and make-up.
Thursday, March 1, 2012
Augustana freshman Adam Braun, a native of Shoreview, Minn., has been selected to represent Team USA at the North America, Central America and Caribbean (NACAC) Cross Country Championships on Saturday, March 17, in Port of Spain, Trinidad. "This selection is a huge honor and speaks volumes about the fact that Adam is one of the brightest up-and-coming runners in the United States right now," said head cross country coach Tracy Hellman.
Verdier 2012 is a week-long celebration of Augustana's core values, named in honor of the 10th anniversary of the Covenant Award. The celebration is set for April 16-20 and will highlight service projects by Augustana students, faculty and alumni and will feature panel discussions, a quiz bowl and the 2012 Covenant Awards ceremony.
Tuesday, February 28, 2012
Dr. Paul Nesheim has been named associate professor of music and director of The Augustana Choir, the fifth in the Choir's 90-year history. Nesheim most recently served as associate professor of music and director of choral activities at Minnesota State University Moorhead.
Monday, February 27, 2012
Read coverage of the Augustana Thought Leader Forum featuring Dr. Robert Wright, Nef Family chair of Political Economy and director of the Thomas Willing Institute. Wright explored "How Low Will We Go? Long-term Perspectives on a Flailing Economy" at the Forum on Friday, Feb. 24, in Sioux Falls.
Sixty area boys and girls basketball teams from fourth grade through ninth grade will shoot hoops for a good cause at the 17th annual Fighting Hunger and Feeding Hope Basketball Tournament, set for March 16-18 at the Elmen Center.


text:
A list of the most recent photos about Academy Awards.
Actors, musicians and models found schmoozing at various Academy Award parties around Hollywood.
Oscar hopefuls join other Hollywood stars on the Oscar red carpet. Take a look at the fashion hits and misses.
Seth MacFarlane had stars, and censors, nervous in his first time hosting gig, sometimes pushing the envelope thank to some help from Captain Kirk himself, William Shatner. All the while, the hardware was handed out to the year's best movies, actors and actresses.
Big stars came out for the Spirit Awards honoring independent film, Hollywood's last pre-game show before the Academy Awards.