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Writing 302: Action in PanelsYou may think this is solely up to the illustrator of the book but in fact it's actually a shared responsibility between writers and pencillers.
Camera Angles and Storytelling through Panels
As a writer it's your job to define the pacing and flow of the page and how your story will reach the readers. The artist's job is to take those directions, execute them as best as he can and apply his vision on top of the writer's. It is a collaborative effort and that's why writers and artists have to keep a constant communication.
Drawing a pin-up is one thing, telling a story through pictures is something else entirely. All your choices have weight
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North India
Northern India उत्तर भारत اُتر بھارت शुमाली हिन्दुस्तान شُمالی ھندوستان |
States in the North and North Central Zones of India, as defined by the Indian Government. |
Population | 504,196,432 |
Area | 1,624,160 km2 (627,090 sq mi) |
Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
States and territories | Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh |
Most populous cities (2008) | Delhi, Kanpur, Jaipur, Lucknow, Patna, Chandigarh, Faridabad, Sonipat, Gurgaon |
Languages | Hindi, Urdu, English, Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Kashmiri, Garhwali, Kumaoni, Dogri, Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Maithili, Sindhi, Saraiki, Santhali |
North India, known natively as Uttar Bhārat/Aryavarta (Devanagari: उत्तर भारत/आर्यवर्त, Nastaleeq: اُتر بھارت) or Shumālī Hindustān (Devanagari: शुमाली हिन्दुस्तान, Nastaleeq: شُمالی ھندوستان), is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India. In a broader sense, North India includes northern and most of eastern India and the Indus Valley of Pakistan. The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas, which demarcate the region from Tibet and Central Asia. North India has been the historical center of the Maurya, Gupta, Mughal, Sur, Maratha, Sikh and British Indian Empires. It has a diverse culture, and includes the Hindu pilgrimage centers of Char Dham, Haridwar, Mathura, Allahabad and Varanasi, the Buddhist Mahabodhi Temple, the Sikh Golden Temple and the Muslim pilgrimage destination of Ajmer, as well as world heritage sites such as the Valley of flowers, Khajuraho, Bhimbetka Caves, Qutb Minar and the Taj Mahal.
Different authorities and sources in literature define North India differently.
Government of India definition
The Government of India defines the North India Cultural Zone as including the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan, as well as the Union Territory of Chandigarh.[1] There is an overlapping neighboring region, called the North Central India Cultural Zone, including the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Delhi, that is also defined by the Indian Government.[2] The states of Bihar and Jharkhand are also included in the East India Cultural Zone.[3] Similarly, Rajasthan is also included in the West India Cultual Zone,[4] and the state of Chhattisgarh is also included in the South Central India Cultural Zone.[2]
Linguistic definition
Indo-Aryan languages predominate in North India, including in the Hindi Heartland, where Hindi and related languages predominate. Prior to the Partition of India, this also included the now-Pakistani provinces of Sindh[5] and Punjab, and the eastern portion of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa up to Peshawar valley where Punjabi dialects and Hindko are spoken.[6] This effectively excludes several of the seven North-East states (except for Assam and Sikkim).[7][8]
"North of the Vindhyas"
One traditional, and now obsolete, demarcation between Northern and Southern India is the Vindhya mountain range, which has sometimes formed a border during periods of imperial expansion in India, such as the one ruled by the Gupta emperor Samudragupta.[9] The Vindhyas also find mention in the narrative of Rishi Agastya as a dividing feature between North and South India.[10] The Manusmṛti also describes the southern limit of Aryavarta (a classical, and also now obsolete, term for parts of North India) as being defined by the Vindhya range.[11]
Muslim, Central Asian and Persian impacts as defining influences
Several sources consider sizable Muslim populations and deep-seated Islamic, Central Asian and Persian influences to be defining characteristics of North Indian culture, both linguistically and culturally.[12][13] Some of these influences are pre-Islamic, such as the Bactrian-originated Kushan Empire that maintained twin capitals in Mathura (now in Uttar Pradesh) and Peshawar (in the North West Frontier Province), as well as the Hun confederacies that periodically asserted their rule over large parts of North India.[14]
Latitude-based definition
The Tropic of Cancer, which divides the temperate zone from the tropical zone in the Northern Hemisphere of the planet, runs through India, and could theoretically be regarded as a geographical dividing line in the country.[15]
Anecdotal usage
The term "North Indian" is sometimes used to describe people from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, often using the term bhaiya (which literally means 'elder brother') in a derogatory sense, though some press reports have contradicted this.[16] In Punjab, people from the same region (Uttar Pradesh and Bihar) are often referred to as Purabias, or Easterners.[17] Some publications of the Government of Bihar place that state in the eastern part of India as well.[18] Within Uttar Pradesh itself, "the cultural divide between the east and the west is considerable, with the purabiyas (easterners) often being clubbed with Biharis in the perception of the westerners."[19][20] Punjab is sometimes considered a north-western state, as are Gujarat and the western parts of Uttar Pradesh.[21][22][23]
North India lies mainly on continental India, north of peninsular India. Towards its North are the Himalayas which define the boundary between the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan plateau. To its west is the Thar desert, shared between North India and Pakistan and the Aravalli Range, beyond which lies the state of Gujarat. The Vindhya mountains are, in some interpretations, taken to be the southern boundary of North India.
The predominant geographical features of North India are the Indo-Gangetic plain which spans the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The Himalayas which lie in the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir and the Thar desert which lies mainly in the state of Rajasthan. The state of Madhya Pradesh has large areas under forest cover, as do Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Chattisgarh.[24]
General climate
North India lies mainly in the north Temperate zone of the earth.[25] Though cool or cold winters, hot summers and moderate monsoons are the general pattern, North India is one of the most climatically diverse regions on Earth[original research?]. Extreme temperatures among inhabited regions have ranged from −45 °C (−49 °F) in Dras, Jammu and Kashmir[26] to 50.6 °C (123 °F) in Alwar, Rajasthan. Dras is claimed to be the second coldest inhabited place on the planet (after Siberia), with a recorded low of -60 °C.[27][28][29]
The region receives rain and snow precipitation through two primary weather patterns: the Indian Monsoon and the Western Disturbances. The Monsoon carries moisture northwards from the Indian Ocean, occurs in late summer and is important to the Kharif or autumn harvest.[30][31] Western Disturbances, on the other hand, are an extratropical weather phenomenon that carry moisture eastwards from the Mediterranean Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.[32][33][34][35] They primarily occur during the winter season and are critically important for the Rabi or spring harvest, which includes the main staple over much of North India, wheat.[33] The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand receive sustained snowfall in winter months.
Traditional seasons
Northern Indian tradition recognizes six distinct seasons in the region: summer (grishma or garmi, May–June), rainy (varsha, July–August), cool (sharad, September–October, sometimes thought of as 'early autumn'), autumn (hemant, November–December, also called patjhar, lit. the falling leaf season), winter (shishir or sardi, January–February) and spring (vasant, March–April). The literature, poetry and folklore of the region uses references to these six seasons quite extensively and has done so since ancient times when Sanskrit was prevalent.[36][37][38] In the mountainous areas, sometimes the winter is further divided into "big winter" (e.g. Kashmiri chillai kalaan) and "little winter" (chillai khurd).[39]
The people of North India are predominantly Indo-Aryan,[40][41] and include various ethnic groups such as Brahmins, Ahirs, Jats, Rajputs, Gurjars, Kolis, Khatris, Kambojs, Banias and Dalits.[42][43][44] Over millennia, the region has experienced sustained incursions and immigration from the northwest, including the Indo-Scythians,[45]Indo-Sassanids,[46][47]Indo-Hephthalites,[48][49]Kushans[50][51] and Rohilla Pashtuns.
Hinduism is the dominant religion in North India. Other religions practiced by various ethnic communities include Islam, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism. The states of Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Himachal Pradesh are overwhelmingly Hindu.Jammu and Kashmir is the only state in India with a majority Muslim population, while Punjab is the only state with a majority Sikh population. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar are predominantly Hindu with other minorities.
Performing arts
Dance of North India too has diverse folk and classical forms. Among the well-known folk dances are the bhangra of the Punjab, the ghoomar of Rajasthan, and rouf and bhand pather of Kashmir. Main dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama such as kathak of Uttar Pradesh.
Linguistically, North India is dominated by Indo-Aryan languages, although subregions of Northern Dravidian languages (such as Bihar's Kurukh language), Tibeto-Burman languages (such as Himachal's Lahauli language) and Austroasiatic languages (such as Munda) exist throughout the region. It is in this region, or its proximity, that Sanskrit and the various Prakrits are thought to have evolved. Indo-Aryan languages native to North India include the Hindustani lingua franca (including both its Hindi and Urdu registers),[52][53] a wide range of western and eastern Hindi dialects, Rajasthani languages (Marwari, Mewari, Shekhawati, Malwi, Bagri), Haryanvi, Bihari languages (Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili and Angika), Pahari, Kumaoni, Garhwali, Punjabi, Kashmiri, Haryanavi and other languages. The subregion where Hindi languages are widely spoken (as either primary or secondary languages) is sometimes called the Hindi Heartland or the Hindi Belt, and is loosely defined.[54][55][56]
Small speaker populations of two language isolates (Nihali and Burushaski), which are not known to be rooted in any other language families, also exist in North India.[57][58]
Flora and fauna
North Indian vegetation is predominantly deciduous and coniferous. Of the deciduous trees, sal, teak, walnut, sheesham (Indian rosewood) and poplar are some which are important commercially.[59] The Western Himalayan region abounds in chir, pine, deodar (Himalayan cedar), blue pine, spruce, various firs, birch and junipers.[60][61][62][63] The birch, especially, has historical significance in Indian culture due to the extensive use of birch paper (Sanskrit: bhurja patra) as parchment for many ancient Indian texts.[64][65] The Eastern Himalayan region consists of oaks, laurels, maples, rhododendrons, alder, birch and dwarf willows. Reflecting the diverse climatic zones and terrain contained in the region, the floral variety is extensive and ranges from Alpine to temperate thorn, coniferous to evergreen, and thick tropical jungles to cool temperate woods.[60][66]
There are around 500 varieties of mammals, 2000 species of birds, 30,000 types of insects and a wide variety of fish, amphibians and reptiles in the country. Animal species in North India include Elephant, Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Sambar (Asiatic stag), Chital (Spotted deer), Hangul (Red deer), Hog Deer, Chinkara (Indian Gazelle), Blackbuck, Nilgai (blue bull antelope), Porcupine, Wild Boar, Indian Fox, Tibetan Sand Fox, Rhesus Monkey, Langur, Jungle Cat, Hyena, Jackal, Black Bear, Himalayan Brown Bear, Sloth Bear, and the endangered Caracal.
Reptiles are represented by a large number of snake and lizard species, as well as the ghariyal and crocodiles.[67] Venomous snakes found in the region include king cobra and krait. Various scorpion, spider and insect species include the commercially useful honeybees, silkworms and lac insects. The strikingly colored bir bahuti is also found in this region.[68]
The region has a wide variety of birds, including peacocks, parrots, and thousands of immigrant birds, such as the Siberian Crane. Other birds include pheasants, geese, ducks, mynahs, parakeets, pigeons, cranes (including the celebrated Sarus Crane), and hornbills. Great pied hornbill, Pallas's fishing eagle, Grey-headed fishing eagle, Red-thighed falconet are found in the Himalayan areas. Other birds found here are Tawny fish owl, Scale-bellied Woodpecker, Red-breasted Parakeet, Himalayan Swiftlet, Stork-billed Kingfisher and Himalayan or White-tailed Rubythroat.[69][70]
Wildlife parks and reserves
Important National Parks and Tiger reserves of North India include -
Corbett National Park: It was established in 1936 along the banks of the Ramganga River. It is India's first National Park, and was designated a Project Tiger Reserve in the year 1973. Situated in Nainital district of Uttarakhand the park acts as a protected area for the critically endangered Bengal tiger of India. Cradled in the foothills of the Himalayas, it comprises a total area of 500 km² out of which 350 km² is core reserve. This park is known not only for its rich and varied wildlife but also for its scenic beauty.
Dachigam National Park: Dachigam is a higher altitude national reserve in the state of Jammu and Kashmir that ranges from 5,500 to 14,000 feet above sea level. It is home to the Hangul (a Red Deer species, also called the Kashmir Stag).
Great Himalayan National Park: This park is located in Himachal Pradesh state and ranges in altitude from 5,000 to 17,500 feet. Wildlife resident here includes the Snow Leopard, the Himalayan Brown Bear and the Musk deer.
Desert National Park: Located in Rajasthan, this national reserve features extensive sand dunes and dry salt lakes. Wildlife unique to the region includes the Desert Fox and the Great Indian Bustard.
Kanha National Park: The sal and bamboo forests, grassy meadows and ravines of Kanha were the setting for Rudyard Kipling's collection of stories, "The Jungle Book". The Kanha National Park in Madhya Pradesh came into being in 1955 and forms the core of the Kanha Tiger Reserve, created in 1974 under Project Tiger.
Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary: Located in the state of Bihar, it is the only protected zone for the endangered Ganges and Indus River dolphin.
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary: It is one of the finest bird parks in the world, it is a reserve that offers protection to faunal species as well. Nesting indigenous water birds as well as migratory water birds and waterside birds, this sanctuary is also inhabited by Sambar, Chital, Nilgai and Boar.
Dudhwa National Park: It covers an area of 500 km² along the Indo-Nepal border in Lakhimpur Kheri district of Uttar Pradesh, is best known for the Barasingha or Swamp Deer. The grasslands and woodlands of this park, consist mainly of sal forests. The barasingha is found in the southwest and southeast regions of the park. Among the big cats, tigers abound at Dudhwa. There are also a few leopards. The other animals found in large numbers, are the Indian rhinoceros and the wild elephant, jungle cats, leopard cats, fishing cats, jackals, civets, sloth bears, sambar, otters, crocodiles and chital.
Ranthambhore National Park: It spans an area of 400 km² with an estimated head count of thirty two tigers is perhaps India's finest example of Project Tiger, a conservation effort started by the government in an attempt to save the dwindling number of tigers in India. Situated near the small town of Sawai Madhopur it boasts of variety of plant and animal species of North India.
Kalesar National Park: Kalesar is a sal forest in the Shivalik Hills of eastern Haryana state. Primarily known for birds, it also contains a small number of tigers and panthers.
Places of interest
The largest Hindu temple in India, Akshardham Temple, the largest mosque, Jama Masjid, the largest Buddhist Temple Mahabodhi (Bodh Gaya) and the Golden Temple (Sikh shrine) are all in this region.[71][72] The Taj Mahal, an immense mausoleum of white marble, was built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan; it is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.[73]
North India has several universities and centres of excellence such as the Avadh University, Panjab University, University of Kashmir, University of Jammu, Haryana Agricultural University, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Agra University, Aligarh Muslim University, University of Rajasthan, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Allahabad University, Benaras Hindu University, Patna University, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Delhi University, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University,Uttarakhand Technical University Jawaharlal Nehru University, Kanpur University, University of Lucknow, Kurukshetra University and many more. The world-renowned Indian Institute of Technology and Indian Institute of Management have campuses in several cities of North India such as Delhi, Kanpur, Varanasi Lucknow, Indore, and Ahmedabad. One of the first great universities in recorded history, the Nalanda University, is in the state of Bihar. There has been plans for revival of this ancient university, including an effort by a multinational consortium led by Singapore, China, India and Japan.
Once predominantly agrarian, the economic landscape is changing fast with rapid economic growth that has ranged above 8% annually. Several parts of North India have prospered as a consequence of the Green Revolution, including Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh, and experienced both economic and social development.[74][75][76] The eastern areas of East Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, however, have lagged[77][78] and the resulting disparity has, in the case of Uttar Pradesh, contributed to a demand for separate statehood in West Uttar Pradesh (the Harit Pradesh movement).[79][80] Bihar has the lowest per-capita SDP.
The highest per capita income states in North India include Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Uttarakhand and union territories of Delhi and Chandigarh.[81] Reflecting the prosperity of the western part of North India, Chandigarh has the highest per-capita State Domestic Product (SDP) of any Indian state or union territory, while Delhi, Punjab and Haryana rank second, third and fourth (after Goa) among the states (see main article: States of India by size of economy).[82]
See also
↑Jump back a sectionReferences and bibliography
- ^ "North Zone Cultural Centre". North Zone Cultural Center, Sheesh Mahal, Patiala, Punjab. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
- ^ a b "North Central Zone Cultural Centre". North Central Zone Cultural Center, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
- ^ "East Zone Cultural Centre". East Zone Cultural Center, Kolkata, West Bengal. Retrieved 2008-10-18.[dead link]
- ^ "West Zone Cultural Centre". West Zone Cultural Center, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ^ Sheldon I. Pollock, "Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia", University of California Press, 2003, ISBN 0-520-22821-9.
- ^ Dhanesh Jain and George Cardona, "The Indo-Aryan Languages", Routledge, 2003, ISBN 0-7007-1130-9.
- ^ Golockchandra Goswami (1982), Structure of Assamese, Dept. of Publication, Gauhati University, "... Assamese is an Indo-Aryan language originated from the Vedic dialects, and therefore, a sister of all the northern Indian languages of the country ..."
- ^ Peter Austin (2008), One thousand languages: living, endangered, and lost, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-25560-9, "... Nepali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, in the north Indian state of Sikkim and some other parts of India, and in Bhutan and Burma ..."
- ^ John Stewart Bowman, "Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture", Columbia University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-231-11004-9, Snippet:... Samudragupta is notable for the king's tireless military campaigning and expansion of empire. He conquers the entire Aryavarta ... His expeditions into south India are unsuccessful; the Vindhya hills form the southern boundary of empire ....
- ^ Varadaraja V. Raman, "Glimpses of Indian Heritage", Popular Prakasan, 1989.
- ^ Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri (1976), A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar, Oxford University Press, "... The Vindhya range was the recognized southern limit of the Aryan land. Manu states distinctly that the country between the Himalayas and the Vindhyas and between the eastern and western oceans comprised Aryavarta, the abode of the Aryas ..."
- ^ Paul R. Brass, "Language, Religion and Politics in North India", iUniverse, 2005, ISBN 0-595-34394-5.
- ^ Christopher Alan Bayly, "Rulers, Townsmen, and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770-1870", CUP Archive, 1983, ISBN 0-521-31054-7.
- ^ Romila Thapar, "Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300", University of California Press, 2003, ISBN 0-520-24225-4.
- ^ Ram Nath Dubey, "Economic Geography of India", Kitab Mahal, 1961. ... The Tropic of Cancer divides India roughly into two equal parts: the Warm Temperate and Tropical ...
- ^ A clash of cultures, NDTV, 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2008-10-22. "... no one in North India, and here I am talking of the states of Punjab, Himachal, Uttrakhand, Haryana and Rajasthan, considers people from eastern UP and Bihar as North Indians ..."
- ^ "Politicians to blame for low turnout". The Tribune, Chandigarh. 2001-12-11. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
- ^ "Government of Bihar Official Web Portal". Government of Bihar. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ^ "Unorganised Workers of Delhi and the Seven Day Strike of 1988". Indrani Mazumdar, Archives of Indian Labour. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
- ^ Susheela Raghavan, "Handbook of Spices, Seasonings, and Flavorings", CRC Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8493-2842-X. ... Maharashtra, in North India, has kala masala in many versions ...
- ^ Some facts about Punjab
- ^ "Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation makes giant Indian gas find". BBC. 2005-06-26. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
- ^ David Levinson and Karen Christensen, "Encyclopedia of Modern Asia", Charles Scribner Sons, 2002, ISBN 0-684-31242-5. ... Agra, located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northwest India, is renowned ...
- ^ "Forest Survey of India - State of Forest Report 2003". Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ Yash Pal Singh, Social Science Textbook for Class IX Geography, VK Publications, ISBN 978-81-89611-15-6, "... The Tropic of Cancer divides India into almost two equal parts. It makes the Southern half of India in the Tropical Zone and the Northern half in the Temperate zone ..."
- ^ Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Dras, India
- ^ Sarina Singh, "India: Lonely Planet Guide", Lonely Planet, 2003, ISBN 1-74059-421-5.
- ^ H. N. Kaul, Rediscovery of Ladakh, Indus Publishing, 1998, ISBN 81-7387-086-1, 9788173870866 Check
value (help), "... With its altitude of 10000 ft. above the sea, Dras is considered to be the second coldest inhabited place in the world after Siberia where mercury sinks as low as -40 °C during winter, though it has also recorded a low of -60 °C ..." - ^ Galen A. Rowell, Ed Reading, Many people come, looking, looking, Mountaineers, 1980, ISBN 0-916890-86-4, 9780916890865 Check
value (help), "... the bleak village of Dras, reportedly the second coldest place in Asia with recorded temperatures of −80 °F (−62 °C) ..." - ^ Vidya Sagar Katiyar, "Indian Monsoon and Its Frontiers", Inter-India Publications, 1990, ISBN 81-210-0245-1.
- ^ Ajit Prasad Jain and Shiba Prasad Chatterjee, "Report of the Irrigation Commission, 1972", Ministry of Irrigation and Power, Government of India, 1972.
- ^ "Western disturbances herald winter in Northern India". The Hindu Business Line. 2005-11-17. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ a b Bin Wang, "The Asian Monsoon", Springer, 2006, ISBN 3-540-40610-7.
- ^ R.K. Datta (Meteorological Office, Dum Dum) and M.G. Gupta (Meteorological Office, Delhi), "Synoptic study of the formation and movements of Western Depressions", Indian Journal of Meteorology & Geophysics, India Meteorological Department, 1968.
- ^ A.P. Dimri, "Models to improve winter minimum surface temperature forecasts, Delhi, India", Meteorological Applications, 11, pp 129-139, Royal Meteorological Society, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
- ^ Geography, Yash Pal Singh, pp. 420, FK Publications, ISBN 9788189611859, ... The sequence of the six traditional seasons is correct only for northern and central parts of India ...
- ^ The Life of a Text: Performing the Rāmcaritmānas of Tulsidas, Philip Lutgendorf, pp. 22, University of California Press, 1991, ISBN 9780520066908, ... likening the major episodes of the narrative to various features of the river and its banks, and to the appearance of the river in each of the six seasons of the North Indian year ...
- ^ Essays on North Indian Folk Traditions, Susan Snow Wadley, pp. 226, Orient Blackswan, 2005, ISBN 9788180280160, ... Yet another cultural division of the year views it as six seasons ... This cycle of six seasons, while known and referred to today, is more widely recognized in Sanskrit literature ...
- ^ Systematic Geography Of Jammu And Kashmir, S.A. Qazi, pp. 25, APH Publishing, 2005, ISBN 9788176487863
- ^ Alan A. Lew, Colin Michael Hall, Dallen J. Timothy (2008), World geography of travel and tourism: a regional approach, Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 978-0-7506-7978-7, "... The major racial groups include the Indo-Aryan peoples who live predominantly in the north ..."
- ^ Phani Deka (2007), The great Indian corridor in the east, Mittal Publications, ISBN 978-81-8324-179-3, "... So far the present ethnic composition is concerned, of the country's total population the Indo-Aryans constitute 72 percent, Dravidians 25 percent, and Mongoloids, Proto-Australoids and Negritos together remaining 3 per cent ..."
- ^ Sarat Chandra Roy and Ral Bahadur, "Man in India", A.K. Bose, 1996.
- ^ Kumool Abbi, "Discourse of Zindaginama: A semio-anthropological critique", Harman Publishing House, 2002.
- ^ Kiran Prem, Haryana Gazetteers Organization, "Haryana District Gazetteers", Government of Haryana, 1970.
- ^ Richard Ernest Dupuy and Trevor Nevitt Dupuy, "The Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 BC to the Present", Macdonald and Jane's, 1977, ISBN 0-06-011139-9.
- ^ Thomas George Percival Spear, "India: A modern history", University of Michigan Press, 1972, ISBN 0-472-07140-8.
- ^ Claude Markovits, "The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750-1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama", Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-521-62285-9.
- ^ Vincent A. Smith, "Early History of India from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest", The Clarendon press, 1914.
- ^ Vidya Dhar Mahajan, "Ancient India", S. Chand & Co., 1968.
- ^ Michael Edwardes, "A History of India from the Earliest Times to the Present Day: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day", Thames and Hudson, 1961.
- ^ Alexander Cunningham, "Coins of the Indo-Scythians, Sakas & Kushans", Indological Book House, 1971.
- ^ Prabodh Bechardas Pandit, "Language in a Plural Society", Dev Raj Chanana Memorial Committee, 1977.
- ^ Robert McHenry, "The New Encyclopaedia Britannica", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1993.
- ^ B.L. Sukhwal (1985), Modern Political Geography of India, Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division, "... In the Hindi heartland ..."
- ^ Stuart Allan, Barbie Zelizer (2004), Reporting war: journalism in wartime, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-33998-7, "... located in what is called the "Hindi heartland" or the "Hindi belt" of north and central India ..."
- ^ B.S. Kesavan (1997), Origins of printing and publishing in the Hindi heartland (Volume 3 of History of printing and publishing in India : a story of cultural re-awakening), National Book Trust, ISBN 81-237-2120-X
- ^ David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer (1938), The Burushaski language, Part I, H. Aschehoug, "... Burushaski has ... small numbers are to be found in Srinagar and down country, even in Bombay ..."
- ^ Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru, S. N. Sridhar (2008), Language in South Asia, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-78141-8, "... Nihali, which has some 2000 speakers in the Indian state of Maharashtra is generally also regarded as an isolate ..."
- ^ N.C. Saxena, "The Saga of Participatory Forest Management in India", Center for International Forestry Research, 1997, ISBN 979-8764-15-3.
- ^ a b R.L. Singh, "India: A Regional Geography", National Geographical Society of India, 1971.
- ^ Bansi Lal Kaul, "Ecodegradation of Himalayas", Vinod Publishers & Distributors, 1995.
- ^ S.S. Negi, "Himalayan Forests and Forestry", Indus Publishing, 2002, ISBN 81-7387-112-4. Snippet:... Important Himalayan trees are sal, chir pine, deodar, oaks, fir, spruce, rhododendrons, and the giant evergreen trees of the Eastern Himalayas ...
- ^ R.P. Sharma, "The Indian Forester", v.72:6-12 (Jan-June 1946).
- ^ Sanjukta Gupta, "Lakṣmī Tantra: A Pāñcarātra Text", Brill Archive, 1972, ISBN 90-04-03419-6. Snippet:... the text recommends that the bark of the Himalayan birch tree (bhurja-patra) should be used for scribbling mantras ...
- ^ Amalananda Ghosh, "An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology", BRILL, 1990, ISBN 90-04-09264-1. Snippet:... Bhurja-patra, the inner bark on the birch tree grown in the Himalayan region, was a very common writing material ...
- ^ Casey A. Wood, "Through Forest and Jungle in Kashmir and Other Parts of North India: The Annual Smithsonian Institution Report, 1932", Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1933.
- ^ North India Online - India - Flora and Fauna - Animals - Trees - Birds - Mammals - Insects
- ^ John Shakespear (1817), Dictionary: Hindustani and English, Taylor & Francis, "... bir bahuti: a small insect with a back of a bright red color; the scarlet or lady fly, commonly called the "Rain insect" as it makes its appearance when the first rains have fallen ..."
- ^ INDIAN GEOGRAPHY - indian rivers, indian flora & fauna wildlife, national symbols in india
- ^ "Flora & Fauna North India". Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
- ^ Largest Hindu Temple: Guinness World Records
- ^ Masjid-i-Jahan Numa
- ^ Taj Mahal UNESCO » Culture » World Heritage Centre » World Heritage List
- ^ Mohamad Riad El Ghonemy, "The Dynamics of Rural Poverty", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1986. ... Haryana and West Uttar Pradesh recorded spectacular production increases ...
- ^ V. G. Rastyannikov, "Agrarian Evolution in a Multiform Structure Society: Experience of Independent India", Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, ISBN 0-7100-0755-8.
- ^ B. M. Bhatia, "Food Security in South Asia", Oxford & IHB Pub. Co., 1985.
- ^ Robert E. B. Lucas, Gustav Fritz Papanek, "The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects", Westview Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8133-7505-3.
- ^ Gilbert Etienne, "Rural Development In Asia: Meetings With Peasants", Sage Publications, 1985, ISBN 0-8039-9495-8.
- ^ Gyanesh Kudaisya, "Region, Nation, Heartland: Uttar Pradesh in India's Body Politic", Sage Publications, 2006, ISBN 0-7619-3519-3.
- ^ "RLD, BSP gear up as Mulayam exit looms". The Tribune, Chandigarh. 2007-02-19. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ^ .These north indian states form the most prosperous region of India with high per capita income and lower poverty levels.The National Capital Region of Delhi has emerged as an economic power house with rapid industrial growth along with adjoining areas of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. "thehindubusinessline.com". Retrieved 2007-11-10.
- ^ "Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation - Publications". Government of India. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
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Published by admin on 08 Nov 2012
St Patricks Church Dumbarton to Cameron House – Emma & Thomas
What a fantastic day we had with Emma and Thomas, shooting their wedding at Cameron House. We began the day with Emmas bridal prep shots at home before making our way to the ceremony at St Patricks in Dumbarton.When we go there we completely lucked out with the weather and got some fantastic shot in the grounds of this 5 star venue. We even had a wee bit of luck and got some shots on the jetty without the seaplane.
Emma and Thomas were an absolutely cracking couple and I think it shows from their pictures that we had a really good time with them. One of my most abiding memories from this wedding was actually 24 hours after the event. I returned to Cameron House to shoot another wedding the next day and waiting between shots I bumped into Emma in reception, checking out. She then hoisted her (now packed up) wedding dress over her head (!) and headed out into the heavy rain.
Its funny how quickly things change. Not just the weather but what you can do with a wedding dress too…….


text: Product Description (Men's Mountain Khakis Granite Creek Short 11")When the Mountain Dress Code calls, our quick-dry, UV50+ Granite Creek Shorts are ready for the part. In the river, on the peak or at the coffee shop, you'll walk the line between comfort, style and function. 11" inseam.Imported Mountain Khakis Granite Creek Short 11"Brand: Mountain Khakis Style: Mountain Khakis Granite Creek Short 11" Color: Birch To view all Mountain Khakis Styles, click here To email a friend about the Granite Creek Short 11", click here To be notified when new Mountain Khakis styles are added, click here |


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"Biostatistics and RT-qPCR, applications in translational colorectal cancer research"
In close collaboration with laboratory scientists, Dr. Hyslop has completed two multi-center studies suggesting GUCY2C expression impacts colorectal cancer prognosis. An ongoing study is also is now exploring this association further. During this collaboration, Dr. Hyslop has developed statistical methods to assess the selection of housekeeping genes, measure gene expression levels, and to determine the association of expression with patient clinical outcomes. This presentation will review these methods and demonstrate how results have informed the design of the first-in-human clinical trial for a colorectal cancer vaccine. Current and future challenges include developing appropriate models to measure multiplex assays as well as models that allow sufficient flexibility across RT-qPCR platforms. Issues will also be highlighted relating to optimal design of clinical trials that test implementation of biomarkerbased therapy selection.
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With that kind of authorization from SNK you were basically able to produce everything needed to release a game yourselves? That's huge!
How was SNK able to keep track of the games that were sold this way?
They wouldn't be able to control the flow of games if you didn't really need their stock but were able to produce everything yourselves.
Were you obliged to report back to SNK how much you produced/sold, and perhaps send some sort of kickback for every sold game?
How would that work today, if you decided to release a new batch of games? Would you have to report back to Playmore in this instance, since I guess they own the rights to the AES/MVS games now?


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December 10 - 12, 2012 - Hilton Alexandria Mark Center, Alexandria , Virginia
If you would like to speak on a certain energy storage topic, please indicate what topic or topics interest you or send a short outline of your completed project to me at firstname.lastname@example.com
Deadline of submission is November 30th, 2012.
IQPC is bringing the energy back to Washington D.C. for the 7th Energy Storage Summit to answer questions such as how will energy storage be transformed to leverage improvements in technology, new funding models and remain competitive in an era where renewable energy still struggles to compete with traditional energy sources. This D.C. event will provide you with insight into the latest developments in grid energy storage and new regulations that will help propel your organization into sustained profitability. Attend this conference to hear case studies, panel discussions, presentations and workshops from innovative experts and the most respected thought leaders throughout the energy storage arena. Do not miss the opportunity to allow your business to grow along with this industry.
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tin machine wrote:cool suff there alway around man ....wow
thanks, my goal is New School Muscle Car stealth.
New School "moving to finished"Re: New School "WE Have Fat Bike"
thanks, my goal is New School Muscle Car stealth. .
Re: New School "WE Have Fat Bike"ok its time to make some room in these stays. i figure i needed a 1/2 inch on each side just be sure nothing would rub.
i bolted in the rear triangle to keep the 135mm spacing. then i got out my car jack and placed it exactly where the widest part of the tire goes. you need at least 4" of clearance for this tire. i started off at 3" so i was willing to blow it up to pull it off. having a welder waiting in the wings to fix any problems gave me the confidence to Jack The Frame Up! there you go, New School. Dont say Bighit dosent give back to RRB. .
Re: New School "WE Have Fat Bike"
YEAH, WHAT HE SAID!! IN THE WORDS OF A WISE MAN(MOE HOWARD) HEY, SPREAD OUT!! PEACE Ride and Rat On
I Think Therefore- I Rat -Jake Sensi
Re: New School "Jacked It Up"I am afraid to go bigger and try the 4.7's because i don't want to over stress it.
I still have to account for the 78mm wide bottom bracket. Most fat bikes take a 100mm bottom bracket to clear the fat tire. I can tell you that the cranks hit the frame now and I have to get new ones, but which ones? Thats in the next class that is why it's called new school. .
Re: New School "Jacked It Up"You could rob the BB off an OCC StingRay. The rear on those is wider than what I think you're trying to squeeze into your frame, that BB would definitely be wide enough.
I'm lovin' this build so far, keep it up. Cheers, Dr. T
Re: New School "Jacked It Up"Vey cool, Those tires are going to look amazing.
bikes...they make me smile
Re: New School "Jacked It Up"I have the Black floyds for road work and a set of endos for off road. Two very distinct looks.
No need to do anything to the Bottom Bracket. This is "new school" so it will fit right into the frame without any mods. I know its gold chain, but it is very good info and will bring this game to the next level. .
Re: New School "Jacked It Up"
Mountain bike cranks usually are well offset. Then just take off the smaller rings. Killin' threads since 2000................X
Re: New School "Jacked It Up"The easiest thing to do with those braces you cut is just to cut 'em completely out and replace them. Looks great so far.
Re: New School "Jacked It Up"i really dont think i need them right now. i will weld some type of gusset in there next. a plate on the bottom for the kick stand and a fender mount on top should help stiffen it up, but these tubes are so big as you can see.
Re: New School "Cut That $..t Out"I think you right.. the triangulation of the axle will be fairly strong. "if it ain't broke..."
iMaGeArChY E.· ` ' / ·. F
Re: New School "Stripper!"Time to strip off this green paint so we can get to work. here we go with the airplane paint stripper from auto zone. this stuff is nasty so get safety gear.
it comes in a gel so you have to paint it on. i didnt even get the bike finished and i looked up and bam the paint was peeling off. apply a few coats, scrape it off. i then hit it with a power washer to knock the rest off and wash off the stripper Glitter. .
Re: New School "Stripper!"I remember the first time I used airplane stripper, it was on a KA24DE aluminum valve cover, I was amazed at how well that stuff worked... and just how a tiny bit could so quickly burn you! haha
Looking good. Check out my Build-Off bike: ☆ 1936 Off-Roadmaster Klunker ☆
Re: New School "Stripper!"You can feel the fumes burns your face, good stuff.
For a New School frame with powder coating it's the only way to strip it. Dangerous, but easy. .
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Cost to enter is $25 per rider and no doubling is allowed. Lunch will be sold after the ride. St. Jude Saddle Up T-shirts will also be on sale. The first 25 riders to sign up and pay will receive a free T-shirt.
Sponsors are also needed. A donation of $200 or more will have earned the sponsor a logo printed on the back of the T-shirts. All other donations will have the sponsor name on signs at rider check in and food booth.
Gift donations for an auction are also needed. All proceeds from the fundraiser will go to the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
For more information or to make a donation call Elaina Templet at 985-498-1337.


text:
Heart Goes to Heaven, The Head Goes To Hell
CD (Item 584607) Modern Savage, 2011 — Condition: New Copy
Rock/funk/tripped out live band hip hop and all around chameleonic Boston combo That Handsome Devil is back – panoramic, unpredictable material from a group that sets a mid and a headnodding groove – but from there, they steer and veer stylistically in a confounding, yet oft-rewarding way! We here influences from classic funk and R&B, to pulpy garage punk, and they somehow make it all work! Includes "Adapt", "Becky's New Car", "Twist The Knife", "Buyer's Remorse", "My Pen Is A Shiv", "Inside You", "Party's Dead", "Bored", "Loving Parasite", "Charlie's Inferno" and more. © 1996-2013, Dusty Groove, Inc. |
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Genesis (plus bonus tracks): A tremendous debut from this overlooked late 60s group from the UK – a powerhouse that would later go onto fuel bigger groups like Jethro Tull, Emerson Lake & Palmer, and Uriah Heep! This initial ... read more Rock (CD) 18.99 |
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Yodeling Astrologer (aka Color By The Number): A wonderful little record – one that's much richer and more compelling than you might expect from ESP Record's billing of Mij as a "Yodeling Astrologer"! The album's very heavy on reverb ... read more Rock (CD) 6.99 |
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BEST: Gisele looked beautiful in beige, traveling to Brazil with hubby Tom Brady.
WORST: Jennifer Love Hewitt wore a putridly patterned shirt dress, while out and about in Beverly Hills.
BEST: Catherine Zeta-Jones and Michael Douglas were a classy couple in NYC.
BEST: Jessica Simpson looked drop dead gorgeous in black and blue.
WORST: Snooki clashed in animal prints, while out on the town Hollywood.
WORST: If Tila Tequila's dress was any shorter, the sex tape siren would have been arrested for indecent exposure.
WACKY: M.I.A. hit Paris Fashion Week in one of her traditionally tacky looks.
WACKY: Taylor Momsen looked way too sexy for seventeen in S&M duds, while performing with her band in Pennsylvania.
WORST: Kanye West prowled around Paris Fashion Week, wearing a wild Givenchy leopard print bomber.
BEST: Jennifer Hudson looked abfab in casual threads, arriving at LAX.
BEST: Holly Madison rocked a sophisticated strapless mini to the Las Vegas opening of The Sugar Factory.
WORST: Kim Kardashian's turquoise skirt, boob-baring blouse and snaky heels ensemble, just didn't look right on the reality star, who was on hand for the opening of The Sugar Factory in Sin City.
WACKY: Aubrey O'Day rocked diaper duds to the launch of her All About Aubrey series in Los Angeles.
BEST: Brittany Snow looked boobiful in an Ani Lee dress paired with Giuseppe Zanotti heels for her birthday bash in Las Vegas.
BEST: Kerry Washington rocked a white hot and sophisticated Zac Posen dress with Stephen Webster bling to the NAACP Image Awards.
WORST: Katerina Graham's gown at the NAACP Image Awards featured a superhero costume like corset and an unflatteringly ruffled skirt.
WORST: Cold hearted snake? Sandra Oh wore a scarily patterned one-shoulder gown to the NAACP Image Awards.
WORST: Vanessa Williams was dressed for the ball‹in the 1980's‹at the NAACP Image Awards.
WORST: Halle Berry's busily patterned Emilio Pucci caftan dress, didn't exactly seem appropriate for the NAACP Image Awards.
BEST: Kristin Bauer looked cheerful in cherry print Stop Staring! Pencil dress.
BEST: Rutina Wesley sizzled in a white Camilla and Marc mini, which featured a tulip skirt, at the Paley Fest.
BEST: Anna Paquin looked super sophisticated mixing designer duds at Paley Fest. The True Blood babe rocked a Stella McCartney animal print dress with an Azzedine Alaia belt, Alexander McQueen blazer and Sergio Rossi pumps.
BEST: Sarah Jessica Parker sparkled in Sexy style at the opening night of The Championship Season in NYC.
WORST: Eva Longoria wasn't looking very sassy in stripes, wearing a 1980's style turtleneck with black skinny jeans and platforms.
BEST: Sofia Vergara showed off her covetable curves in Dolce & Gabbana at the NAACP Image Awards.


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Enter the second phase of the MUCH Sharpie Remix Contest!
Enter now!
Watch it online now!
Watch a scene from Degrassi's Graduation Special
Finale Friday 9E/6P
Teen Wolf Ep. 302: Chaos Rising
Watch online!
September 24th, 2012
Taylor Swift is planning on releasing songs from her fourth studio album each week until Red hit stores on October 22. This week the country singer has announced that the song Begin Again will be available for purchase on iTunes starting tomorrow.
But don't expect to hear Red in full before its due date. Swift told Rolling Stone Magazine that she still wants fans to be surprised when they hear the finished product, saying "I really want there to be so many surprises left on the record for when it comes out eventually, some collaborations that haven't been talked about and some songs that are definitely what make the album so unique."
Swift has given some hints away on the new disc, confirming that she worked with English singer Ed Sheeran, as well as some big name producers. Talking to Rolling Stone, Swift confirmed working with Kanye West and Fun. producer Jeff Bhasker on a track called Holy Ground, as well as pop hit makers Max Martin and Shellback on I Knew You Were Trouble.
What artists are you hoping Swift collaborated with on Red?
Tags: News, taylor swift
Posted on Monday, September 24th, 2012 at 4:58 pm by Allison and is filed under Blog, News.


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Straight leg. Our classic straight leg style right for any occasion. A fine-wale corduroy in rich brown brings a textural element to this 5-pocket silhouette. Tonal stitching and zip fly with button closure.
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Only wish all wheels were castered and heavy duty. (Posted on 11/11/12)
Pros: Heavy Duty
Would you recommend this product to a friend? Definitely yes
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Camp Chef's first ever four burner stove has arrived. Features such as built-in ignition, the sturdy cart with wheels and four 30,000 BTU burners will change the way you cook outdoors. Pair the stove with a myriad of available accessories to create the ultimate outdoor kitchen. The Somerset IV pushes the envelope in enhancing your cooking ability and output. Take a look at the images above for just a few examples of the possibilities in how you can use the stove. Grill on one side, griddle on the other. Cook in a large pot, Dutch oven, or skillet at the same time as cooking up nice breakfast. What's even better? The accessories you already own or have always wanted (BBQ boxes, griddles, pots etc.) will fit the Somerset IV perfectly. The accessories tab lists out many of the accessories that are available, but truly, only scratches the surface of what can be done.
Turn Your Somerset Stove into a Built-in Grill - Built-in stoves and grills make a nice addition to any backyard. The hard part is finding a grill or stove that has the versatility of a Camp Chef stove in your outdoor kitchen. The Somerset series of stoves solves this problem. Simply remove the legs of the Somerset stoves and you're to go with a great stove that will be a beautiful addition to your outdoor kitchen. All three sizes will work so you have a variety of cooking options. And the best part? All your existing accessories fit on the Somerset stoves. So you'll be able to grill, griddle and boil all on the same stove.
- Four 30,000 BTU/hr Burners
- Side Shelves
- Easy Roll Wheels
- Matchless Ignition
- Fits Camp Chef 16" Cooking System Accessories
- Four burner design for maximum cooking area
- Easily converts from burner to BBQ to Griddle (requires accessories - not included)
- Folds to a compact 48" x 17" x 13" for easy transport
- Regulator and 3 ft. hose included


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Greece austerity vote approved; Reaction violent
Protesters clash with police
UPDATED 7:32 AM EST Feb 13, 2012The harsh economic belt tightening that Greeks have endured is about to get much worse. Lawmakers approved a new round of austerity measures that will pave the way for a multi-billion dollar bailout package. The reaction on the street was violent with protesters clashing with riot police and setting buildings on fire.
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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If doctors didn't intend for vaccinations to cause panic, they shouldn't have named them after something that could kill you. The difference in getting shots or getting shot is just a little letter, and let's face it: Neither experience is a picnic.
ESL students must find this whole scenario confusing; if you say you're going to get your shots, you either sound like you're on your way to get tipsy or you are about to face a firing squad. Quite frankly, neither of the above are appealing. But traveling the world comes at a price, and vaccinations galore awaited me at the doctor's office.
As a kid, I was super brave about shots. I always went first and never cried. Once I got to college, however, I started this weird thing where I pass out. Naturally, this was distressing. I had always mercilessly mocked girls who faint.
I researched to learn that my spontaneous lights- out episodes are vasovagal responses. According to the ever-credible wikipedia, "giving or receiving a needle immunization" and "watching someone experience pain" are common triggers–and things that bother me. I can count myself lucky, though…"hitting your funny bone," "sudden onset
of extreme emotions," "intense laughter" and "urination" can do it for other people. Stinks for them.
At any rate, I was dreading the possible plethora of shots awaiting me, so I decided to research the diseases I could contract if I didn't immunized–a sort of cost v. benefit coping mechanism.
And so, for your reading pleasure…
What Martha Could Get if She Doesn't Get Her Shots
1. Yellow Fever
If I get Yellow Fever, I could suffer from fever, chills, dizziness, vomiting, back pain, and nausea. If I was in the set of 15 to 25 percent of people who don't recover initially, I could then progress to renal failure, liver failure, jaundice and hemorrhagic complications. From there, I could be one of the 20 to 50 percent of patients who die from the disease, most of whom die 7-10 days after their first symptoms; i.e. if I got it in Ghana, I could have a nice sea burial by the time we reach South Africa. A lot of damage from a mosquito bite. On the bright side, no one has ever gotten Yellow Fever twice. On the not-so-bright side, of the 9 U.S. and European travelers who opted not to get vaccinated and contracted Yellow Fever from 1970-2009, 8 died. In 2011, there have been Yellow Fever outbreaks in Cote d'Ivoire, Uganda and Brazil. I'm not even allowed on the ship if I don't have my Yellow Fever vaccination card for entry into Ghana, an at-risk country.
Cost: $115, a live-attenuated virus vaccine and considerable inconvenience
Benefit: being allowed on the ship, not being paranoid about any insect that buzzes next to my head, not getting Yellow Fever
Decision: Sock it to me.
2. Tetanus
If I contract tetanus, infected spores will infiltrate my body through a cut. The spores will then turn into a poison that blocks signals from my spine to my muscles. According to the ever-optimistic CDC, "The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine." I would have approximately 7-21 days before effects could be seen. So, if I cut myself on something sharp at the orphanage in South Africa, I could be spazzing out by India (no pun intended). My symptoms would most likely start with jaw spasms (yours truly prefers the term "lockjaw"). Other side effects? Drooling, excessive sweating, uncontrolled urination or defecation, and irritability (really, CDC? Ya think it might make someone cranky to have those symptoms?) Without treatment, I would have a 25 percent chance of dying. The vaccine completely prevents tetanus. As a bonus, the vaccine also covers pertussis (whooping cough) now.
Cost: Notoriously stinging vaccine. Sore arm.
Benefit: No tetanus or whooping cough for me. Even better, no carrying whooping cough to little kids at the orphanages I'll visit.
Decision: The picture that popped up when I googled tetanus settled this one for me:
3. Hepatitis A
I could get Hepatitis A by eating or drinking things contaminated by the virus. Fruits washed in Hepatitis A-laced water or ice cubes are common contaminants. I could also get it from contacting the body fluids of an infected people–even if they just forget to wash their hands and touch something. On the bright side, Hepatitis A is the least serious of its alphabet soup relatives. On the not-so-bright side, a bout with Hepatitis A would leave me with nausea, vomiting, jaundice, dark urine (ewww), "pale or clay-colored stools" (thanks for that sick description, CDC), fatigue and a fever.
Cost: $85, two vaccines, 6 months apart.
Benefit: Avoiding the Hepatitis A weight loss plan.
Decision: I got this one on Monday. I was surprised at how much it hurt. I bled quite a bit after, too. I only have time to get one of the two shots before I leave, so I'll be partially covered. Jury is out as to whether I'll get the other one when I get home in December.
4. Hepatitis B
If I get Hepatitis B, diarrhea, vomiting and pain could turn into liver damage, liver cancer and death, or I could be one of the many carriers who don't seem ill (about 1.25 people in the U.S. are infected). Like its less-frightening cousin, Hepatitis A, I could get it by contacting body fluids, but probably wouldn't know that I had been infected until three months later. Hepatitis B kills about 620,000 people globally each year. The vaccine is only recommended for certain countries, but I'm visiting several of them.
Cost: $70, series of several vaccines
Benefit: Loving my liver.
Decision: This one was made for me by my mother when I was about 8. We got shots before going to the Middle East. Turns out that this vaccine lasts long term. Thanks, Mom!
5. Rabies
If I get rabies, I will probably feel like I have the flu for a few days. From there, things could rapidly deteriorate into hallucinations, insomnia, hydrophobia, confusion, anxiety and foaming at the mouth. Statistically, the chances for those who who get rabies are slim. According to the ever-cheery CDC: "Once a person begins to exhibit signs of the disease, survival is rare. To date less than 10 documented cases of human survival from clinical rabies have been reported." To make matters worse, doctors would need samples of skin biopsies and spinal fluid to even diagnose the disease. Then I would need 4 shots to the deltoid to treat it. On the bright side, only 55 people in the U.S. have gotten rabies since the year I was born. Less comforting is the fact that 40,000 – 70,000 people die globally each year from the same disease.
Cost: Three vaccines over a span of time. 30-74 percent chance of a reaction.
Benefit: Not getting a terrifying (and utterly inelegant) disease. Not being afraid of every dog I see.
Decision: If I get the three shots now, I'm supposed to get two more if I become exposed to rabies. If I don't get vaccinated and become exposed, I get 4 shots. 3+2=5 and 4+0=4. Think I'll pass on this one.
6. Varicella
I.E. Chicken Pox. Guess those pox marks are worth it! Varicella and I battled it out in preschool. I won. No vaccine for me.
7. Typhoid
If I get typhoid, I will probably be exposed to the nasty Salmonella Typhi bacteria through water or food. I will have a fever, feel sick and maybe get a rash. If the disease were to progress, I would suffer intestinal hemorrhaging, brain swelling and start some odd behaviors like muttering and grabbing at figments of my imagination. Without treatment, I would have a 30 percent chance of dying. Prince Albert famously left Queen Victoria in a continual state of mourning when he died of typhoid. In fiction, it nearly claimed Gilbert Blythe and killed Scarlett O'Hara's mom and Jane Eyre's parents.
Cost: $70 for an oral version or the vaccine
Benefit: Not joining the ranks of the famous victims of typhoid.
Decision: Getting it. Especially if I can get the oral version.
There's also malaria medication to take and few less common vaccines that are bound to come up at my next appointment. I'll soon be more full of holes than a pin cushion.
All joking aside, however, aren't we grateful that we live in a country with so relatively few health concerns? Getting vaccines is a reminder of just how good I have it. I did a fast google search of "what shots should I get before I visit the United States?" You know what I came up with?
photos from : Wikipedia,http://downdogblog.trmccallister.com/?paged=9, http://blogs.webmd.com/eye-on-vision/2008/02/,http://sjaejones.com/blog/2010/literary-crushes-part-ii/, http://scienceblogs.com/bioephemera/2010/12/a_brief_history_of_anti-vaccin.php, http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/citizensoldier/conflicts/spanam/heatyellowfever.cfm


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Friends are important to me. Really important. Every single book I've written has a strong female friendship in it. Hmm…I wonder where that comes from?
Seriously though, friends are the family we choose. And that's pretty cool. You don't get to choose the family you're born into. Maybe they're loving, supportive and fun. But…maybe they're not.
But friends. This is where we have all the control. We get to choose the people that we want to spend time with. Choose well and your life will be richer. Choose poorly and…well, maybe not so much.
I am so fortunate to have been surrounded by some incredible ladies that I'm proud to call my friends. Some of those ladies I've known a LONG time. There is one group in particular that I've known for decades. For lack of a better, much cooler name, I refer to them as my 'high school friends'. But these girls are so much more than that. And really, I've known most of them longer than that. Kerry and I have been friends since we were about three when our mom's formed a 'play group'. Really I think this was a way to pawn off your kids on other mom's once a week so they could have some peace, but whatever, it spawned at least one life long friendship. Alli and I met in Grade one and have been besties ever since, and the rest of the group came together mostly in Junior High when we were thirteen.
There's something very special, and yes, a little scary about friends who've known you for so long. They know everything. Like, everything. The good, bad and the sometimes ugly less cute. And they still accept you were who you are.
We were there for the first kisses that melted our hearts, the subsequent break-ups that we thought would crush us; driving lessons, first cars, and first speeding tickets; sneaking out, getting caught, grounded for life; parties, camping excursions, trips around the world. And then later… babies, university, weddings, travel, careers, more babies and…
We've all grown into pretty awesome women. (I may be partial) And we're all so different from one another, yet the friendship remains. We all have busy careers, most of us have families, and we're all just crazy busy and I don't get to see all of these ladies all that often. But when we do get together, it's as if no time has passed. It's easy. It's fun. And every single time, I have a great time and wish I could see them more.
As a group, we try to make it a priority to all get together for dinner once a month to celebrate birthdays. A few weeks ago, we turned the birthday 'dinner' into an overnight ladies trip. So. Much. Fun. Our conversations have changed so much over the years that I'm sure our thirteen year old selves would be shocked. My stomach still hurts from all the laughs we shared and I can just imagine what we'll be talking about in another ten years, or twenty…
Old friends know your past, your present and if you're lucky…your future.
Thanks, ladies!
How about you? Have you had some of the same friends for decades?


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Miss Edith E. Myers, age 96, of Ronda died Thursday, November 15, 2012 at Heritage Health Care of Elkin.
A graveside service was held 2:00, Sunday, November 18, at Pleasant Grove Baptist Church Cemetery with the Rev. Dennis Murphy officiating.
Miss Myers was born in Wilkes County, October 23, 1016, to Erastus E. and Fannie Green Myers. She was a member of Pleasant Grove Baptist Church.
In addition to her parents, Miss Myers was preceded in death by a sister, Sallie Mae Myers and two brothers, Noah Myers and Lee Roy Myers and wife, Mae Myers; brother in law, Herman Luffman.
Miss Myers is survived by three sisters, Frances E. Myers and Cleo M. Luffman both of Ronda, Margaret M. Holcomb and husband, Clyde of Winston-Salem; one brother, Clingman G. Myers and wife, Lottie of Ronda; one sister in law, Betty Myers of Ronda; her special friend her dog, Buffy; several nieces and nephews.
Memorials may be made to Pleasant Grove Baptist Church Cemetery Fund, 3982 Clingman Road, Ronda, NC 28670.
Reins-Sturdivant Funeral Home in North Wilkesboro was in charge of arrangements. Online condolences may be made at www.reinssturdivant.com.


text: New York Knicks memorabilia is must-have for your game room. Or hang these authentic plaques that include real pieces of game-used nets and uniforms anywhere you want a little team spirit. The Knicks merchandise includes bold collages that feature Amar'e Stoudemire, Landry Fields and other Knickerbockers. Attention to detail makes these Knicks signed basketball plaques a fun gift for any fan.


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Last week I met up with Charlie and Jamie for their engagement and boy did I have Fun! They're ADORABLE together and Charlie completely won me over with his proposal story ! It was SOOOOO romantic, I'm thinking about having him chat with my hubby. haha I'll safe their story to let them tell you...
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Welcome to CMA Photography
Hi, I'm Cynthia with CMA Photography. Although all of my friends know me as Syndi (pronounced Cindy). I know it's spelled weird but I have a great story on why. :)
A little personal insight on me, your favorite photographer...
I'm a Christian girl who LOVES Jesus with all my heart. I'm made up of a little bit of city girl, with alot of country girl ways. If that even makes sense. ;)
I'm completely madly in love with my husband and our boys. They're what inspire me to be the best at my photography. I love my girlfriends. They're the ones I can be my goofy self with and they make me laugh harder than ever, which I believe is the best medicine for the soul.
What I do with my free time... I run and LOVE yoga. I find out you're into any of those two and you just became my best friend and I might just drive you nuts till we've taken a yoga class together or ran together. haha.
I love all types of different personalities, after all that is what makes the world go around, right?! :)
Anyhow enough already about me! Let's talk about YOU and what you'd like photographed. :)
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Wednesday, May 22, 2013
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How did I miss this... Damn right... Chips are in da HOUSE!!! About the Spartys ... gotta give the coach credit he was playin' with smoke and mirrors... IMO he completely outcoached TT.... yeah they got some 4th down conversions but their heads were on a swivel with the creative play calling... not knowing what was going to happen next. In the end it came down to defense... (guess what their top recruiting assignment will be?).
LMAO! 2 years for a horrible logo! Michigan State Spartans to unveil new logo in April | Gang Green - MLive.com
Isn't that what you U of M guys said about Rich Rodriguez? Two years for a horrible coach and program?
I didn't like it when I first saw it yesterday but it's starting to grow on me. A lot of people at SpartanTailgate are pretty upset about the change but it doesn't bother me. Some at that site are suggesting other logos. This one seems to be a frontrunner:
The logo controversy is over...sticking with the old one MSU made right call by ditching new logo | detnews.com | The Detroit News
I agree. Certain things are sacred in the Detroit area. The block "M" and the winged helmet, the old English "D", The Red Wing Logo, and the Spartan helmet. MSU has one of my favorite unis.
Poor vid quality but check this out... YouTube - 855 days "What else is new...Michigan State beats Michigan" ESPN 857 days...and counting
I like the new unis for MSU. A darker green with changed lettering and a bronze outline of the numbers. Looks like Eagles green............


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Important information about BlackBerry (the company formerly known as RIM), BlackBerrys (the new phones), excitable CEOs, beards, vodka, crying and more.
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We are proud to stock the brilliant Blackberry Curve 9350 9360 9370 Original Black Cover Housing Mobile Phone Repair Part Replacement.
Well done! This covered all the info I needed in a very user-friendly way..and I loved the comic relief :-)
Maybe you should lose some weight to better change your 'current' status, fat boy, rather than adding more goose weight.