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Manusmṛti (written also as Manusmriti or Manusmruti) (Sanskrit: मनुस्मृति), also known as Mānava-Dharmaśāstra (Sanskrit: मानवधर्मशास्त्र), is one metrical work of the Dharmaśāstra textual tradition of ancient Vedic Sanatana Dharma, presently called Hinduism.[1] Generally known in English as the Laws of Manu, or Dharmic discourse to vedic Rishis, on 'how to lead the life' or 'way of living' by various classes of society.
The text presents itself as a discourse given by the sage Manu, to a congregation of seers, or rishis, who, after the legendary great floods in the vedic state of Brahmavarta in India some 10,000 years ago, beseeched him to guide them in how to face such calamities in future though an organized life with "guidelines for all the social classes".[2] His response was captured and preserved in memory as a dialog between himself and the sage Bhrigu in some 2685 ślokas, the compilation of which is called Manusmriti.
Apart from Indian subcontinent, Manuic Laws of India prevailed during ancient times, in neighbouring countries also,[3] which formed the territory called Greater India. A copy of the Scripture (with English translation) is available online.[4] Manu became the standard point of reference for all future Dharmaśāstras that followed it.[5] Manusmriti was first translated into English in 1794 by Sir William Jones, a Philologist and a judge of the British Supreme Court of Judicature in Calcutta [6] who had great respect for the book.[7]
The term Manuvāda denotes the ethos of a society governed by Manusmṛti, with the term Manuvādi denoting a proponent of such an ethos, though these terms are most often encountered in an oppositional or exonymic sense.
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Date and place[edit]
Different scholars have given a range of timings for creation of this text, from 1500 BCE to 500 AD. However, the basic fact of the time period of existence of flood-figure Manu [8][9] and Bhrigu, compatriot and contemporary of Saint Manu, who had his Ashram on the bank of 'Vadhusar River' in the Vedic state of 'Brahmavarta',[10] who were the authors of Manusmriti, is ignored all together, which happens to be the period of great floods,[11] 10,000 years ago, after last ice age having mentions in Persian book Avesta, Indian Sanskrit text Shatapatha Brahmana and now scientific evidence is available on various websites.[12] Floods had ravaged the vedic state of 'Brahmavarta', located on the confluence of two huge Vedic rivers Saraswati and Drishadwati, where the Ashrams of Devas were located.[13] The state 'Brahmavarta' is now identified on the borders of North Rajasthan and South Haryana, mainly in and around Shekhawati and Jhunjhunu region of Rajasthan and parts of Haryana in the districts of Mahendragarh and Rewari on the basis of images of paleochannals [14] of these rivers from satellites, geo-morphological studies of the soils, which confirm presence of soil particles of Himalayan rocks in the areas represented by Saraswati river, and mentions of the area in Mahabharata, Rigveda, Shatapatha Brahmana, Manusmriti and various Puranas.[15] As per epic 'Mahabharat' Bhrigu Rishi had his Ashram at 'Deepotsak' on 'Vadhusar' river, and his son Chyavana, on Dhosi Hill [16] a tributary of Drishadwati river, in the Vedic state of 'Brahmavarta'. As per Skanda Purana, Bhrigu Rishi had migrated to 'Bharuch', located on Narmada river later on. Even Archeological findings near Narmada river are dated more than 8500 years old[17] and said to be belonging to post Bhrigu era, confirming that Bhrigu and Manu had existed some 10,000 years ago, and their creation 'Manusmriti' is that old.
The identity of place 'Brahmavarta', the Vedic state [18] where, sages Manu and Bhrigu had given the discourse, and Manusmriti was compiled is also confirmed by the fact that the nomenclature used to describe animals, birds, crops, trees, plants, house utilities, activities of people, geographical conditions etc. in 'Manusmriti' is still in use in the area, and these things exist physically also. The Khetri Copper Mines and Dhosi Hill are important landmarks in 'Brahmavarta'. The Saraswati river, which had flown at the time of floods, made the western border of Brahmavarta state,[19] while northern border was formed by Drishadwati river which had flown in along the inner side of Aravali hill from the pot of 'Brahma' called Pushkar lake near Ajmer in Rajasthan. Because of seismic activities in Aravali ranges 7–8000 years ago, Monsoon water from Ajmer district stopped flowing in to Drishadwati and migrated to Chambal River, however water from part of Jaipur, Sikar and Alwar districts in Rajasthan, still flows in the old Drishadwati river, presently known as 'Sahbi river' and finally goes in to Yamuna river near Delhi.[20]
Great floods [8][9] which occurred after rapid melting of Himalayan glaciers at the end of last ice age, and higher rainfalls in Aravalli ranges,[21] were devastating for habitants of Vedic state of 'Brahmavarta' and surrounding areas. Senior Rishis of the area gathered and decided to approach the oldest Saint or Rishi Manu, who had escaped the floods and is said to be 400 years old at that time, to advise the conference, from his memory (in Sanskrit and Hindi Smriti) and experiences, on 'how to face such calamities in future and lead a peaceful and organised life'.[22] Thus, the 2685 shaloks discoursed by Manu and Bhrigu to the conference on various aspects came to be known as 'Manusmriti', which some call 'Laws of Manu', while others consider it to be an 'advisory' only. This conference/congregation was also the beginning of organised living by Vedic people or formal launching of Vedic Sanatana Dharma.[23] Olivelle says that Manu's discourse was referred in all later Dharamshastras.[24]
Though most scholars had previously considered the text a composite put together over a long period of time, Olivelle has recently argued that the complex and consistent structure of the text suggests a single author. However, no details of this eponymous author's life are known, though it is likely that he belonged to a conservative Brahmin caste somewhere in Northern India.[5]
Several countries in South East Asia and neighbouring countries,[25] as shown in picture here, had followed Dharmasustra of Manu in the ancient times to form their laws, before the advent of Buddhism.[26][27]
An earlier opinion generally dated composition of the text any time between 200 BCE and 200 CE.[28] After the breakdown of the Maurya and Shunga empires, there was a period of uncertainty that led to renewed interest in traditional social norms.[29] In Thapar's view, "The severity of the Dharma-shastras was doubtless a commentary arising from the insecurity of the orthodox in an age of flux."[30]
The dharma class of texts were noteworthy also because they did not depend on the authority of particular Vedic schools, becoming the starting point of an independent tradition that emphasised dharma itself and not its Vedic origins.[31][32]
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The original narrative was subdivided into twelve chapters. There is debate over the effects of this division on the underlying, holistic manner in which the original treatise was written.[33] The book is written in simple verse as opposed to the metrical verse of the preceding dharmasutras.Manu also introduced a unique "transitional verse" which segued the end of one subject and the beginning of the next.
The treatise is written with a frame story, in which a dialogue takes place between Manu's adopted son, Bhrigu, and an audience of the Rishis who had assembled. The story begins with Manu himself detailing the creation of the world and the society within it, structured around four social classes. Bhrigu takes over for the remainder of the work, teaching the details of the rest of Manu's teachings. The audience reappears twice more, asking first about how the Brahmins could be subjected to death, and second to ask the effects of action.[34] Initial Vedic seers, Bhrigu, Kashyap, Atri, Vishvamitra, and Vashista who had their Ashrams scattered in to area called Aryavarta north of Vindhyachal mountain ranges,[35] shared their wise thoughts and started compiling Rigveda, various Samhitas like Bhrigu Samhita, thoughts on astronomy, and Upnishads. They also conceived the most revered Spiritual God of Vedic people 'Lord Shiva' and means of his worship through meditation to achieve mental health and peace.[36] The process of compilation of thoughts of wisdom (Vedas) continued through next generations for centuries onward as mentioned in Vedas.
Salient features of Manusmriti[edit]
Is varna of a person hereditary or acquired?
This is the topic that appears controversial in Manusmriti. There are several shlokas which explain the fluid nature of varna classification and how varna could be changed with acquiring knowledge. There are some others which advocate compartmentalised varnas.
For example, the Brahmins are considered the highest varna or caste, and are supposed to be engaged in learning, teaching and religious sacrifices. The Kshatriyas are the 'guardians' -- the kings, the soldiers etc., the "Vaishyas" are the traders and farmers and the "Shudras" are the serving class. The first three classes are called "twice born" or Dvija. The first three wear the sacred thread on their body, while the Shudras do not.
Knowledge is more important than birth in a clan
Manusmriti assigns various roles for the four Varnas of the community on the basis of their knowledge of Vedic texts. Manu, the senior most saint at that time, did not issue an 'ordinance' on classification of community by birth, as Britishers made it out to be. Their wrong consideration of Manusmriti as an ordinance, compartmentalised the Varna system in to four rigid caste system and harmed the Indian community. Manu's sermon to the congregation of Rishis was only an 'advisory'. The concept of dwija and shudra,[37] at birth of a human is not rigid or compartmentalised. It is fluid and flexible and can change with the type of work one adopts. Yajurveda says that at birth, all humans are born shudras, but the true birth or the second birth or true varna has to be achieved through education and profession. An important message is that a Shudra could qualify to a higher class by remaining clean, showing polite behaviour and by being in the company of other three higher Varnas.[38] Manusmriti also says that a Brahmin would be degraded and classified as a Shudra if he consumes liquor even once.[39] Also, if a Brahmin remains uneducated he will be equated to a Shudra [40]
Knowers of Vedic texts, the 'Brahmins' are given the most important status for their enormous contributions to Dharm, Earth and Environment.[41] Dharmic duties of Brahmins are defined as reading and gaining knowledge, teaching to others, performing Yajnas and rituals, give and accept donations [42] Kshatriyas are told to provide security to people, give donations, hold yajnas, study and not to involve in discussions.[43] while that of Vaishyas are, animal husbandry, giving donations, hold yajnas, to study, do business, charge interest and do agriculture,.[44] Shudras, who are not educated at all, are given the task to serve the other three varnas.[45] This division of community is strictly on 'knowledge' basis. Even among Brahmins, those who have higher and deeper knowledge of Vedas are considered superiors.[46]
Lower classes can upgrade
There are several examples from history, that prominent Saints were born in lower varnas but qualified to higher varnas and were duly respected by all. Rishi Valmiki who was born in lower varna got education and qualified to become a religious writer and wrote, Valmiki Ramayana which is a revered document even today. Similarly, Aitareya saint or Rishi was son of a Daasa or criminal, but became a Brahmin of highest order and wrote one of classics Aitareya Brahmana and Aitareyopanishad. Aitareya Brahman is considered critical to understand Rigveda.
There are historical migrations of varna, in ancient history. Satyakaam Jaabal was son of a prostitute but qualified later on, to become a Brahmin. Allush Rishi was son of a 'Daasi', gambler and of low character but he did research on Rigveda and made several discoveries. Not only was he invited by Rishis but also made an Acharya [47]
Prishad who was son of king Daksha, became a Shudra because of his activities, had to do tapasya and achieve salvation after repenting.[48] Vidur, who was a son of a servant, became a Brahmin and a prominent minister in Hastinapur empire. Similarly, Vatsa became a Rishi though born to a Shudra.[49] Vishnu Puran[50] says that Guru of Pandavas, Shaunak, was born in a Kshatriya family but became a Brahmin. Raavana who was born a Brahmin to Pulatsaya Rishi, is considered a 'Raakshasha'.
During medieval period, in the 16th century, the Hindu king Hem Chandra Vikramaditya born in to a family of Purohits (Brahmins) got involved in business (Vaishya) and changed his profile again and became a warrior (Kshatriya) to win 22 battles continuously against Afghan rebels and Mughal forces throughout north India.[51]
Commentaries on Manu[edit]
There have been several commentaries on the dating and place of Manu, and the Manu Smṛti. Some of the commentaries are listed below:
Bhāruci Bhāruci is the oldest known commentator on the Manu Smṛti. Kane places Manu in the late 10th or early 11th century,[52] Olivelle places him in the 8th century,[53] and Derrett places him between 600–650 CE.[53] From these three opinions we can place Bhāruci anywhere from the early 7th century CE to the early 11th century CE. The surviving portion of Bhāruci's commentary that we have today deals mostly with the duties of the king and whether or not the king can be a source of dharma.
Medhātithi Medhātithi is one of the most famous commentators on the Manu Smṛti, and there is some debate regarding the location in which he was writing, but scholars such as Buhler, Kane, and Lingat tend to believe he was from Kashmir or the area around Kashmir. The exact date that Medhātithi was writing is also unclear, and he has been placed anywhere between 820CE and 1050CE.[54]
Economic ideas The economic ideas found in Manusmriti have been traced by Ratan Lal Basu.[55]
Comments on Location of Brahmavarta
Manusmriti, one of the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, has been discussed and analysed by colonial scholars, modern liberals, and Hindu reformists regularly and continuously. Much of its criticism stems from its deemed, unknown authority, as some believe the text to be authoritative, though some consider it is only an advisory. There is also debate over whether the text has suffered from later interpolations of verses, as there are many shaloks which are contradictory to each other. The new findings on the state of 'Brahmavarta' at the junction of Saraswati and Drishadwati rivers, as described in Manusmriti itself, and abode of Vedic Rishis like Bhrigu and Manu[56] are giving credence to the timing of its writing, flood time 10,000 years ago [57]
The Manu Smriti was one of the first Sanskrit texts studied by the British. It was first translated into English by the founder of indology, Sir William Jones, who had great respect for the book.[58] His version was published in 1794.[59] British administrative requirements encouraged their interest in the Dharmashastras, which they believed to be legal codes. In fact, these were not codes of law but norms related to social obligations and ritual requirements. For British were interested in Dharmashastras due to administrative needs, and their misinterpretation of them as legal codes rather than as social and ritual texts created many confusions and encouraged caste system in India.[60]
According to Avari:
The text was not followed or acclaimed by the vast majority of Indians in their history; it came to the world's attention through a late eighteenth-century translation by Sir William Jones, who mistakenly exaggerated both its antiquity and its importance. Today many of its ideas are popularised as the golden norm of classical Hindu law by Hindu universalists. They are, however, anathema to some modern thinkers.[61]
Some commentaries suggest that the contents in Manu Smriti appear to be positive towards the Brahmin (priest) caste in terms of concessions made in fines and punishments. The stance of the Manu Smriti about women has also been widely discussed. While certain verses such as (III – 55, 56, 57, 59, 62) glorify the position of women, other verses (IX – 3, 17) seem to attack the position and freedom of women. The education of women is also discussed in the text. Certain interpretations of Verse (IX – 18) claim that it discourages women from reading Vedic scriptures. Verse (II – 240), however, allows women to read Vedic scriptures. Similar contradictory phrases are encountered in relation to child marriage in verses (IX – 94) and (IX – 90).
Woman is to make her body beautiful by adorning it with clothes and ornaments; that the man may be attracted by her. Woman is to be so worshipped that she be made a fitting decoration for the man's bedroom. Manu has given women the equal share in the parental property.
The laws of Manusmrithi consider woman to be an individual bound by the family relationships, with no rights of her own. The verses of the fifth chapter starting from 147 to 169 are all about the woman. Even if she were to become a widow in her youth, she is not to marry again, though now all Varnas go for re-marriages. Even if her husband indulges in adultery, she is still to consider him on equal footing with God. Woman is entitled to share in the wealth of the family. The wages for her labour will be half that of the man. So goes the laws of Manusmrithi concerning woman.[62]
In his book Revolution and Counter-Revolution in India, Dalit leader B. R. Ambedkar opined that Manu Smriti was written by a sage named Brigu during the times of Pushyamitra of Sangha in connection with social pressures caused by the rise of Buddhism.[63] However, historian Romila Thapar considers these claims to be exaggerations. She writes that archaeological evidence casts doubt on the claims of Buddhist persecution by Pushyamitra.[64] Support of the Buddhist faith by the Sungas at some point is suggested by an epigraph on the gateway of Bharhut, which mentions its erection "during the supremacy of the Sungas"[65] Hinduism does not evangelize.[66]
However, not all Hindus agree with the criticisms of the text, or the assertion that the Manu Smriti is authoritative. Some prominent Hindu figures, such as Swami Dayananda Saraswati[67] and A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami,[68] hold the text to be authentic and authoritative. Other admirers of the text have included Annie Besant, P.D. Ouspensky, Pandurang Shastri Athavale and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Friedrich Nietzsche is noted to have said "Close the Bible and open the Manu Smriti. "It has an affirmation of life, a triumphing agreeable sensation in life and that to draw up a lawbook such as Manu means to permit oneself to get the upper hand, to become perfection, to be ambitious of the highest art of living"[69] Contra Nietzsche, Nipissing University philosophy professor W.A. Borody has coined the phrase "sublimation-transmogrification logic" to describe the underlying 'state of mind' lying behind the ethical teaching of the Manu Smrti—a 'state of mind' that would have found Nietzsche's concept of the Dionysian Übermensch abhorrent, and a 'state of mind' or 'voice' that has always been radically contested within India's various philosophical and religious traditions.[70]
Root of all dharmas (religions)[edit]
Accroding to Manu-smrti 2.6, it is said: "Vedo 'khilo dharma-mulam": "All dharmas (religions) are rooted in Vedas, Sanatana-dharma, eternal religion".
See also[edit]
- ^ See Flood 1996: 56 and Olivelle 2005.
- ^ Manusmriti Chapter 1, Shalok 2
- ^ Wikipedia page on Law of Thailand Sources of Law
- ^ http://www.scribd.com/doc/7189037/Manu-Smriti-Sanskrit-Text-With-English-Translation
- ^ a b Olivelle, "Literary History", p. 16.
- ^ Jones's translation is available online as The Institutes of Hindu Law: Or, The Ordinances of Manu, Calcutta: Sewell & Debrett, 1796.
- ^ Statue of Sir William Jones,in St. Paul's Cathedral in London is shown holding a copy of Manusmriti in hand
- ^ a b Matsayapuran
- ^ a b Vishnupuran
- ^ Sudhir Bhargava,"Location of Brahmavarta State and Drishadwati River is important to find the earliest alignment of Saraswati River", Seminar on Saraswati River-A Perspective,International Conference Nov. 20-22, 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Saraswati Shodh Sansthan, Haryana
- ^ Saroj Bala, "Saraswati River a Mystery",'India Today', August 2006,pages 29-33
- ^ www.iceagenow.com
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 2, shalok 17
- ^ P.C.Bakliwal and A.K.Grover,1988, Signature and migration of Saraswati river in Thar desert, Western India, Rec. Geo. Survey of India, 116: Pts. 3-8, pp. 77-86:
- ^ 'Location of Brahmvrat and Drishadwati River is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati River' by Sudhir Bhargava, International Conference on Saraswati River-a Perspective, at Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organised by, 'Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana', Nov. 20-22, 2009, p. 114-117
- ^ Mahabharat, Vanparv, shaloks 7-18
- ^ Bharuch page on Wikipedia
- ^ Sahiram; Ek Adhuri Kranti, Shekhawati ka Kisan Andolan, (1922-52), page 3
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 2, Shalok 19
- ^ Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find the Earliest alignment of Saraswati River' by Sudhir Bhargava, Saraswati river a perspective, International Confeence, Nov. 20-22, 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
- ^ Saroj Bala, Saraswati River - a Mystery,India Today August 2006, pages 29-33
- ^ shalok 1.2, 1.3, Manusmriti
- ^ Sudhir Bhargava, "Location of Brahmavrat and Drishadwati river is important to find the earliest alignment of Saraswati River", international conference on "Saraswati River - a Perspective" at Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organised by 'Saraswati Shodh Sansthan', Haryana, Nov. 20-22, 2009, page 114-117.
- ^ Litrary History, page 16
- ^ Wikipedia page on-Law of Thailand- Sources of Law
- ^ Masao, T. (Toshiki Masao) (1905). "Researches into Indigenous Law of Siam as a study of Comparative Jurisprudence". Journal of the Siam Society (Siam Heritage Trust). JSS Vol.2.1e. (digital): image. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
- ^ Dhani Nivat, Kromamun Bidyalabh Bluitiyakara (1947). The Old Siamese conception of the Monarchy. JSS Vol.36.2b (digital). Siamese Heritage Trust. p. image. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
- ^ For composition between 200 BCE and 200 CE see: Avari, p. 142. For dating of composition between the 2nd century BCE and 3rd century CE see: Flood (1996), p. 56. For dating of Manu Smriti in "final form" to the 2nd century CE, see: Keay, p. 103. For dating as completed some time between 200 BCE and 100 CE see: Hopkins, p. 74. For probable origination during the 2nd or 3rd centuries AD, see: Kulke and Rothermund, p. 85. For the text as preserved dated to around the 1st century BCE. see: Encyclopædia Britannica Concise, retrieved 2007-06-24
- ^ For significance of post-empire social uncertainty as a factor in the development of the Code of Manas, see: Kulke and Rothermund, p. 85.
- ^ Thapar (2002), p. 279.
- ^ Lingat, R. (1950). "Evolution of the Conception of Law in Burma and Siam". Journal of the Siam Society (Siam Heritage Trust). JSS Vol. 38.1c (digital). Retrieved March 17, 2013.
- ^ For the dharmashastras, including Manu Smriti, as the starting point for an independent tradition not dependent on Vedic origins, see: Hopkins, p. 74.
- ^ Olivelle(2004), pp. xxvii.
- ^ Olivelle(2004), p. xxv.
- ^ Manusmriti Chapter 2, shalok 17
- ^ Sudhir Bhargava, "Yoga for Mental Health - through rejuvenation of Spiritual Gods", 3rd International Yoga Seminar, 12–14 October 2012, Yoga Life Society, Ujjain, INDIA
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 1, Shalok 34
- ^ name="Manusmriti, Chapter 9, Shalok 335
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 11,shalok 97
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 2, shalok 157
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 1, Shaloks 97,98,99,100
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 1, Shalok 88
- ^ Manusmriti, Ch.1,Shalok 89
- ^ Manusmriti, Ch.1,Shalok 90
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 1, Shalok 91
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 1, Shalok 98
- ^ Aitareya Brahman, Chapter 2, Shalok 9
- ^ Vishnu Puran 4.1.13
- ^ Aitareya Brahman, Chapter 2, Shalok 19
- ^ Chapter 4.8.1
- ^ Page on Hem Chandra Vikramaditya on Wikipedia
- ^ Kane, P. V., History of Dharmaśāstra, (Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1975), Volume I, Part I, 566.
- ^ a b Olivelle, Patrick, "Dharmaśāstra: A Literary History", 29.
- ^ Kane, P. V., History of Dharmaśāstra, (Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1975), Volume I, Part II, 583.
- ^ Ratan Lal Basu & Rajkumar Sen, Ancient Indian Economic Thought, Relevance for Today, Rawat Publications, New Delhi (2008). ISBN 81-316-0125-0
- ^ Manusmriti, Chapter 2, Shalok 17
- ^ All about Vedic state of Brahmavarta, by Sudhir Bhargava, p3, Brahmavarta Research Foundation, Rewari
- ^ Statue of Sir William Jones in St. Peter's Cathedral, London is holding a copy of Manusmriti
- ^ For Manu Smriti as one of the first Sanskrit texts noted by the British and translation by Sir William Jones in 1794, see: Flood (1996), p. 56.
- ^ Thapar (2002), pp. 2–3.
- ^ Avari, Burjor. India, the ancient past: a history of the Indian subcontinent from c. 7000 BC to AD 1200. New York: Routledge, 2007. p. 142.
- ^ name="laxmitamang.blogspot.in
- ^ Revolution and Counter-Revolution in India
- ^ Romila Thapar, Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Oxford University Press (1960) p. 200.
- ^ John Marshall, "An Historical and Artistic Description of Sanchi", from A Guide to Sanchi, citing p. 11. Calcutta: Superintendent, Government Printing (1918). Pp. 7–29 on line, Project South Asia.
- ^ K. V. Rao, Socialism, Secularism, and Democracy in India, pp. 28–30. Nagendra K. Singh, Enforcement of Human Rights in Peace and War and the Future of Humanity, p. 35. Martinus Nijhoff (1986) ISBN 90-247-3302-2
- ^ The Light of Truth, Chapter 4
- ^ Bhagavad Gita As It Is, Chapter 16 Text 7 – "...Even up to today, those who are Hindu follow the Manu-samhita..."
- ^ Friedrich Nietzsche, The Will to Power, vol. 1.
- ^ W.A.Borody, "The Manu Smrti and Neo-Secularism", International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol I, No. 9 (Special Issue, July, 2011) [1]
- Translation by G. Bühler (1886). Sacred Books of the East: The Laws of Manus (Vol. XXV). Oxford. Available online as The Laws of Manu
- Flood, Gavin (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43878-0.
- Hopkins, Thomas J. (1971). The Hindu Religious Tradition. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
- Keay, John (2000). India: A History. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3797-0.
- Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (1986). A History of India. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0-88029-577-5.
- Olivelle, Patrick (2005). Manu's Code of Law: A Critical Edition and Translation of the Mānava-Dharmaśāstra. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517146-2.
- Olivelle, Patrick (2004). The Law Code of Manu. New York: OUP. ISBN 0-19-280271-2.
- Olivelle, Patrick (to be published). "Dharmasastra: A Literary History". In Lubin, Timothy; Krishnan, Jayanth; and Davis, Jr., Donald R. Law and Hinduism: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
- Thapar, Romila (2002). Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24225-4.
External links[edit]
- "The Laws of Manu". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.


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A documentary film that offers a scathing portrait of Silvio Berlusconi's tenure as Italy's prime minister has had its premiere in Italy postponed at the request of the government there. "Girlfriend in a Coma" was to be shown in Rome on Feb. 13, but it is now scheduled to be shown only after Feb. 24, the date of a national election in which Mr. Berlusconi is a candidate.
Despite its title, drawn from a song by The Smiths," "Girlfriend in a Coma" examines Italy's economic and political decline over the past two decades. Mr. Berlusconi, whose party recent polls show running a close second in the coming election, was in power most of the second half of that period, and is blamed in the film for many of the country's ills.
"Girlfriend in a Coma" was directed and co-written by the Italian journalist Annalisa Piras, with Bill Emmott, a former editor at The Economist and author of the book "Good Italy, Bad Italy," credited as her co-writer. The film has already been shown in the United States and England, and had been booked by Rome's prestigious MAXXI Museum of 21st Century Art for a special initial screening for an invited audience of politicians, diplomats, journalists and business leaders — until the Ministry of Culture intervened.
"I find myself asking: would this have happened in any other Western democracy?" Mr. Emmott said in a statement on the film's Web site. "The reasoning provided by MAXXI is that as a private foundation running a museum under the control of the Ministry of Culture, they are not allowed to host events that could be considered to be 'political,' given the imminence of the general elections." But, he added, "the oddest point is that no one at MAXXI has actually watched our film, nor even asked to see it."


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C-Frame Depositor Provides Portion Weight Control for Food Processors
NuTEC's C-Frame Depositors offer processors the option of portion weight control and clean, accurate filling placement on their production lines.The C-frame design of the depositor enables the piece of equipment to fit into existing production lines. According to the manufacturer, the feed system uses a rotating spiral that gently moves the product to the rotary vane pump. Deposit sizes of up to 1 ½ inches thick can be achieved.
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TOTALLY OFF ROAD RADIOs 41st Annual
Tecate SCORE BAJA 1000 Special Wed the 19th!
We at TORR are happy to announce that we will be
Broadcasting The TORR Show LIVE in Ensenada
From the VW - BFG Stage at the Cortez Hotel Wednesday
The Nov 19th from 6-8PM!
We will be talking about the history of this "Great Race"
with some of it's major players!
Some of our guests include:
SCORE CEO Sal Fish,
Secratery of Tourism in Baja Oscar Escobedo,
Ryan Arciero & Mark Miller of the new Team Volkswagen
who will be debuting their new State of the Art
Trophy Truck,
Desert Assasins leader Cameron Steele,
Driver of the Team Slime Croc Will Higman and more!
Plus Breaking Newz with Shaun Ochsner
It's going to be another great show (Baja Style)
As always,We want to hear from you 'The Fans" with any
questions or comments that you have!
The station call in number is 760-720-5236, You can also
Email questions to [email protected] or text to
760 805-6994
We hope to see you all down there and that you will come
say hi but if not, We hope you can Listen in!
The show is LIVE from 6-8PM on AM 1000 & can be heard
at www.torrshow.com where you can also watch it on the
new TOR TV!
Thanks again for all the kind words from last weeks show.
As always we truly appreciate it.
We look forward to hearing from you all Wednesday!


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Eric Holder Might Have a Perjury Problem Out of one side of his mouth, and while under oath, Holder says he has never heard of anyone trying to prosecute the press for publishing material. Out of the other side of his mouth, Holder is accusing reporters of espionage on applications for subpoenas. by John Nolte
by Ben Shapiro Baldwin: IRS Scandal Has 'Whiff of Breitbart To It' On Thursday evening, Alec Baldwin took to Twitter to credit Breitbart News with breaking the scandal of the IRS targeting of conservatives. Or something.
Consultant takes blame after Anthony Weiner campaign site shows Pittsburgh skyline, not NYC's 24 May 2013, 8:56 AM PDT
Holder probing Holder? Obama orders DOJ review over search warrant AG likely approved 24 May 2013, 7:53 AM PDT
IRS official who refused to testify, resign signed Tea Party letters in 2012 24 May 2013, 6:52 AM PDT
by Ben Shapiro Shrug: Obama Says Benghazi Attack Isolated Incident, Localized Threat In his Thursday speech at the National Defense University in Washington D.C., President Obama went out of his way to spin the terrorist attacks in Benghazi as a predictable result of loosely-affiliated terrorism.
Obama and Heckler Plead to Close Gitmo In a speech at the National Defense University in Washington, DC., President Barack Obama called on Congress to permit him to close the terror detention facility at the U.S. Navy base in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba.
by John Nolte NY Gov. Cuomo Flogs Weiner: 'Shame On Us' If We Elect Him Democrats are obviously not happy with the idea of disgraced former Congressman Anthony Weiner running for mayor of New York City. In an editorial meeting with some local newspapers, New York governor Andrew Cuomo said "shame on us," if Weiner is elected.
Cruz: Immigration Bill 'Makes The Problem Worse' On Thursday, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) spoke out at the Senate Judiciary Committee with regard to the so-called Gang of 8's immigration bill. Cruz stated that the bill might do more harm than good: "Number one, it doesn't stop illegal immigration. If anything it makes the problem worse by not securing the border and by incentivizing future illegal immigration. Number two, I believe in its current form, the bill will not become law, and if Congress cannot pass immigration reform, that is a terrible outcome."
Intel Firm Email: Brennan Behind 'Witch Hunt' of Journalists An obscure November 2012 Wikileaks email dump points to former White House counterterrorism adviser and now-CIA chief John Brennan as the person behind the "witch hunt" of journalists who reported unflattering Obama administration leaks.
Consultant takes blame after Anthony Weiner campaign site shows Pittsburgh skyline, not NYC's24 May 2013, 8:56 AM PDT
Holder probing Holder? Obama orders DOJ review over search warrant AG likely approved24 May 2013, 7:53 AM PDT
4-time winner? Andretti curse? 10 things to know about the 97th Indianapolis 50024 May 2013, 10:55 AM PDT
For 1st time in more than 30 years, 3 US men qualify for French Open: Sock, Kudla, Johnson24 May 2013, 10:47 AM PDT
Ireland's Dempsey makes late pass to win Freedom 100 in closest oval finish at Indy24 May 2013, 10:41 AM PDT


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16/05/2013 | Spot-fixing allegations hit IPL
Advice helpline 020 7036 1966


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Subscriber Content Read Preview
Janney says all three divisions of the retailer can capture pent-up demand.
Money flow gives a snapshot of relative buying and selling pressure in a stock.
A ratio above one suggests greater buying pressure, below one suggests greater selling.
See more in "Help."
FRAN has not issued dividends in more than 2 years


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President's Office
A Greeting from the President
As the president of Niagara University, I am frequently asked by visitors and other acquaintances to define the mission or purpose/uniqueness of the university. In responding, I don't talk about location, enrollment, the colleges or popular majors—the kind of things you might expect. Rather, I use three words from our mission statement: Catholic, Vincentian and university.
I choose these words because they speak to the heart, soul and purpose of Niagara University. They are words that influence everything that is done here to fulfill our educational mission.
Niagara is a Catholic university. It provides a gospel-based education that emphasizes Jesus' command that we love one another. We are a caring community that recognizes the God-given dignity and worth of every individual. We provide a holistic education to help our students develop themselves in mind, body and spirit.
As a Vincentian university, we seek to inspire our students to serve others, especially those who are among the neediest and most marginalized. We teach that giving back to society is a spiritual value that flows from the long and respected tradition of Catholic social teaching. Our nationally recognized, award-winning service-learning programs provide evidence of our commitment to helping others in the spirit of St. Vincent de Paul, the universal patron of charity.
As a university, we continually strive for excellence—excellence in teaching and learning, excellence in research and publishing, and excellence in the many ways in which we serve and care for our students. We are a leader in active, integrative learning, combining the theory of the classroom with the reality of the workplace.
Over the last 150 years, Niagara has maintained its quest for excellence through a continuing process of renewal. There is no more vivid evidence of this than the present. Since the year 2000, more than $70 million has been invested in new facilities and programs, computer technology, and annual maintenance and improvement projects. St. Vincent's Hall, a century-old structure that serves as a major classroom building, has been completely rebuilt. It houses our nationally ranked and accredited College of Hospitality and Tourism Management. Those new facilities have been supplemented by a brand new academic center, which houses our highly accredited colleges of Business Administration and Education. An ongoing capital campaign, "The Promise of Niagara," will provide the resources for even more improvements in facilities, programs and scholarship assistance, including a major expansion of our on-campus theater and construction of a new science building.
Recent achievements and our vision for the future convince me that Niagara is at a unique moment in its history, a time of genuine transition. In the years ahead, I see a Niagara with a stronger international and regional presence; a center of even more activity because of the strong relationship between the university and the local community, which we wish to serve in a significant way. But I do not see the university as an ivory tower. We will be open and welcoming, a beacon of light and charity as we make our physical and intellectual resources available to those in need of them. All that we do will be in the pursuit of excellence. As a university, we are committed to our students, our local communities and our region as we await the future with great hope and confidence.
Rev. Joseph L. Levesque, C.M.


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Current Students
Now that you are part of the Schoolcraft community, there are two important things to remember:
- The sheer number of academic programs, student activities and campus events can make Schoolcraft feel very big.
- The one-to-one attention offered by helpful faculty and staff can make Schoolcraft feel very small.
Your support system
Your chances for success are much better if you take advantage of the services and resources available at the main campus in Livonia and the Radcliff Center in Garden City. As a Schoolcraft student, you have an entire support system behind you.
Involvement = learning
Studies show that students who get involved in campus life do better in the classroom. Whether it's the Student Activities Board or the student newspaper, service learning through Schoolcraft Scholars or the annual School Daze celebration, there is an exciting campus just waiting to be explored.
You are always welcome here
You will always be part of the Schoolcraft family. Attend concerts, plays or campus events. Book your corporate events in VisTaTech. Attend fundraisers, such as the Golf Fore Scholarships or Culinary Extravaganza, or bring your friends to lunch or dinner in the American Harvest Restaurant. And don't forget lifelong learning through Continuing Education and Professional Development.
Combining fun, scholarship and community service
Your schedule is booked solid, so the question is, can you afford to spend time on student activities that are "just for fun"? The answer is "yes" when that activity gives you valuable management experience, provides useful information, develops your skills and gives something back to the community. Schoolcraft Scholars, Peer Assisted Learning (PAL), the International Institute and its Multicultural Fair are just a few examples of activities that contribute to the campus, the community and your resume.


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15-20mmHg moderate support sheer thigh highs are a best seller. They're great for travel, standing for long periods of time, and for mild varicose and spider veins. Most styles are now available with an open toe, great for warm weather and open toe shoes.
BrightLife Direct stocks every size and color of Jobst UltraSheer, Mediven Sheer & Soft, Juzo Attractive 5140, Sigvaris 120 Sheer Fashion and Allegro Sheers.
Can't decide which 15-20mmhg sheer thigh high to purchase? Use our handy compare feature. Click the orange "Add to Compare" button next to the stockings you're considering. Then click "Compare Items" in the left column. A pop-up window will appear with a photo of each stocking, price, the colors available, and a brief description.
All 15-20mmHg sheer thigh highs are sold in pairs.


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Looking at the success of Ultimate Poker, the first legalized online poker site in Nevada, the officials from Caesars Entertainment Group are planning to launch their own online gaming website
VPP Poker Room News
The Details of the Internet Gambling Bill in Illinois
-Looking at the success that online poker legislation have had in the states of Nevada, New Jersey, and Delaware, poker enthusiasts in the state of Illinois have introduced a bill
Amaya Group Hires Absolute Poker's Ex-CEO
-Amaya Gaming – a Canadian company that continues to grow in the global gambling business, recently hired the former COO and CEO of Absolute Poker – Paul Leggett. He was
The First Legal Poker Website in the US
-After the Black Friday incident of 2011, the United States' first legal poker website, the ultimatepoker.com, was launched on the 30th of April, 2013. This website was started by Station
What is a Poker Tournament?
-Poker tournaments are an integral part of the online poker industry. Once a player has obtained enough experience in playing regular poker games, he or she takes part in a
Online Poker in the State of Massachusetts
-Since many of the US states are drafting out their laws with regard to online poker, the Massachusetts state government announced that it is going to regulate online poker within
Governor of Illinois Holding Back the Online Poker Bill
-The Illinois governor has stalled the revolutionary gaming bill from being signed into law. The contentious bill aims to increase the number of casinos in the state of Illinois and
More Options for the Poker Enthusiasts in the UK
-All the poker enthusiasts in the UK will now be able to enjoy competitive poker tournaments in their country as Zynga recently announced that it is going to conduct several
The First Gambling License Issued by Nevada State Authorities
-Nevada was the first state in the United States to legalize online poker within its premises, and now the state authorities have even granted their first online gaming license to
The Online Poker Law in Illinois
-Since New Jersey, Nevada, and Delaware have already legalized online poker within their state territories, other US states are also drafting their bills on online poker. Illinois is one state


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With great power comes great responsibility.
Release Date: Friday, May 3, 2002
Based on the Marvel Comic Book by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, the film follows the story of Peter Parker (Maguire) who lives in Queens, New York with his beloved Aunt May (Harris) and Uncle Ben (Robertson). Peter leads the life of a normal student, working as a photographer at the school paper, pining after the beautiful Mary Jane Watson (Dunst) and hanging out with buddy Harry Osborn (Franco).
Sacrifice. Destiny. Choice.
Release Date: Thursday, June 30, 2005
It's been two years since Peter Parker transformed into Spider-Man, and he is still trying to find a balance in his life. His love for Mary Jane is becoming much stronger, as he finds it hard to not let her down. His friendship with Harry Osborn is at risk since Harry is convinced Spider-Man got away with his father's death. And if this wasn't enough for the super hero, a new enemy is thrown into the midst of his life. Dr. Otto Octavius, one of Peter's mentors, is involved in a freak scientific accident that deforms his body and warps his mind.
Every hero has a choice, to face the darkness... or be consumed by it.
Release Date: Friday, May 4, 2007
Peter Parker has finally managed to piece together the once-broken parts of his life, maintaining a balance between his relationship with Mary-Jane and his responsibility as Spider-Man. But more challenges arise for our young hero. Peter's old friend Harry Obsourn has set out for revenge against Peter; taking up the mantle of his late father's persona as The New Goblin, and Peter must also capture Uncle Ben's real killer, Flint Marko, who has been transformed into his toughest foe yet, the Sandman.
The Untold Story
Release Date: Tuesday, July 3, 2012
The Amazing Spider-Man is the story of Peter Parker (Garfield), an outcast high schooler who was abandoned by his parents as a boy, leaving him to be raised by his Uncle Ben (Sheen) and Aunt May (Field). Like most teenagers, Peter is trying to figure out who he is and how he got to be the person he is today. Peter is also finding his way with his first high school crush, Gwen Stacy (Stone), and together, they struggle with love, commitment, and secrets.
Release Date: Friday, May 2, 2014
In The Amazing Spider-Man 2, for Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield), life is busy – between taking out the bad guys as Spider-Man and spending time with the person he loves, Gwen (Emma Stone), high school graduation can't come quickly enough. Peter hasn't forgotten about the promise he made to Gwen's father to protect her by staying away – but that's a promise he just can't keep. Things will change for Peter when a new villain, Electro (Jamie Foxx), emerges, an old friend, Harry Osborn (Dane DeHaan), returns, and Peter uncovers new clues about his past.


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when does the penis stop growing??? im 14 and have a 5 inch penis which i believe is small so i wanna no how much longer do i have for it to grow?
my penis is 5 inches noterect and it is about 6.5 inches erect is that enough to please a woman i know its not how much you have but what you do with it but is it really enough?
that should be plenty dude.. i'm like 5 1/2 maybe 6 if done with the correct measuring techniques. Yeah.. 4 inch girth.. i dunno but some people say 4 is plenty if you dont just use your dick as a jackhammer constantly and dont give her any other attention..
I'm in the begining of H.S. and my thing hasn't grow...Ever, everyone els my age is normal size(3"-4" inch soft) should I see a doctor? when I bone it's like four inches?
when you hit puberty....does your dick grow really fast at one point or does it just grow slowly?
Like does your dick get a growth spurt?
Like how does it grow?
(This post was merged into this topic by the moderator)
The proper way to measure your penis is to place the rular along to top of the penis and "press" it inwards until it reaches the pubic bone. This is how MOST scientific experiments/reasearch measurements are made.
I don't see how else you could do it, hehe.
For boys puberty begins at an average age of 11 ½ or 12 years. The first sign is an increase in the size of the testicles. This is followed a few months later by the growth of pubic hair.
Puberty continues with an increase in the size of the testicles and penis and continued growth of pubic hair and underarm hair. Physical growth usually begins with an enlargement of the hands and feet and is later followed by growth in the arms, legs, trunk and chest.
Other changes include a deepening of the voice, an increase in muscle mass, the ability to get erections and ejaculate. Some boys experience breast development. Boys undergo their peak growth spurt about 2-3 years later than girls.
As with overall body development, the timing and rate of penis growth can vary greatly from one individual to another, but will usually be in line with overall development.
How am I measuring my penis right.
I put the ruler to the side of my penis it came to 6inches and a little more
I put the ruler on top of my penis and it came to 6inches and a little more
Am I measuring right
call me a skeptic, but I think those pills that claim to add 1-3 inches in a month work as well as the ones that claim you can lose 10 pounds by the weekend. oh, and, no, mastubation won't do the trick either. it's too bad to, things would be so much simpler if they did work
If you stretch your penis out then it will grow/ enlarge rather.
There's some sites about it that i've seen, but i cna't be bothered to try it bc you need to do it for like 1hr everyday...which i don't have.
Yes, it sounds like you're measuring right to me.
Hi am 15 and my dick is 6 in length and 5.5(width) a) is this a good size? , b) i am a virgin yet but whenever i masturbate i come in 1-2 minutes..What can i do to last longer?
The exact age is different with everyone just like everything else. It is typically 20-21 I believe. Same for all growth in males. I like scooter's version of measuring.
"The proper way to measure your penis is to place the rular along to top of the penis and "press" it inwards until it reaches the pubic bone. This is how MOST scientific experiments/reasearch measurements are made."
That makes the measurement come out a little longer.
No, i don't think so. Maybe if you use one of those special technics for penis enlargment, but i'm not sure if those work eider, because i've never try them. But in any way, masturbating a lot won't make it smaller, and is a good way to know your body so i don't see any reason why you should not doit. Just don't replace relationships with girls for it.
Is it true that if you masturbate alot, that your dick gets longer??
There is no medically known way to enlarge the penis. If I ever figure one out I will be the most famous physician anywhere!
Masturbation is a pleasant way to amuse yourself. It has no lasting physical effects.
dont those pills work 1-3 inches in 3 months?
You can grow your penis after puberty cycle is complete. Natural Penis Enlargement. Go to the best free site on the net, has many members and veterans that can support you along the way. Be prepared to read alot and learn.
If jackin off made us bigger, we all would have had 10 inchers back in high school. It's not the size of the toll, it's how you use it.
Guys, I have a secret for all of you. As much hype as large penises are given in pornography, women don't care home big you are if you give them pleasure. Make your girlfriends happy and you'll be happy men.
Ok, that's a "so she says", but we have been friends for more years than i care to state, and i for one believe what she claims.
Yeah Extagen is a penis pill thats supposed to be highest succession rate (75 percent or something) Its a bit expensive but I'd try it. Oh and.. heres a little problem of mine. I started masturbating a lot more.. like once maybe twice a day (morning/night) and it seems like my dick got SHORTER! Maybe its cause I smoke a tad bit of marijuana but I doubt it.. I think its just cause I grew 1 1/2 foot in 8 months and my dick didnt grow... think that"s it?
how big is it dude?if its like 5-7 inches than dun worry bout it, u dun need any more
I'm 15 and my cock hasn't grown at all! What do I do! Will it ever get bigger!!
does anybody exactly know when your penis stops growing? i know i heard it was somewhere around when you turn 20, but whats the exact age that it quits growing at?
There are a lot of different questions on here about their penis sizes. In my opinion, you are what you are, nothing really can change that. Just be happy with what you have.
And also in my opinion, I don't think that size matters as long as you know what you are doing and do it right you should be fine and I'm sure a lot of other people think the same way.
Unhealthy diet affects the entire body in general, but genetics is the trump card on this one.
Hi, just wondering what a good size for a 14 year old is. I haven't really hit full puberty yet, my voice has gotten a little deeper. I'm 3 inches regular 4 inches erection and a girth of 4 3/4 inches.
Also, sometimes when I get oral from my g/f (I know you think I'm to young, but it was her idea) when I stand up i don't seem to get pleasure. Any suggestions?
Me and this girl have been going out for a couple months now and we plan dates to have sex. Shes a virgin but has messed around with other boys (mostly foreplay/touching) Before we just messed around touching each other. She calls me "little boy" becuase she thinks my penis is small. Is it? Its 6'3/4 inches small for a 16 year old. But with my past sexual experiences all the other girls said mine was nice. Could she be telling me this to make we want to have sex with her more? When she tells me this I feel small like she knew where to hit my emotions but i dont show her how I feel. I feel like i have something to prove becuase its my FIRST TIME SOMEONE HAS EVER TOLD ME THIS TO MY FACE.
I don't know why she would say that. I believe that is actually a little larger than average, and, at least according to the polls on this site, it falls within the range most prefered by both men and women. It may be that she is being jokingly sarcastic and assumes you realize that. It may also be that the men she has interacted with in her limited experience just happened to be larger and left her with some misconceptions about size. Either way, if her teasing bothers you, you should let her know.
yea, dude, you are all right, you should talk to her about it, and realy, don't hide what you feel, if it bothers you, it must stop.
Read the section on this site about penis size.
Penis Size
If her teasing boders you,you should tell her,but not in the way that you are hurted or anything like that but on the way that she should know you also have limits.
I am just wondering how she would feel if you would call her "lemon" because of her small tits!?
People should first think how THEY would feel before they do something!
As i have started to have sex.I was with my GF,but when she started pulling my pants down,i was Soft (not erect) and she told me that my penis didnt look that big.Which i told her to tell me honestly if she thought so,so i was happy about that part.But when i started to get firmer,she said that it was bigger than she thoought.And im trying to say is not to judge a guy when hes soft,right?
But i was wondering if you people out there would tell a guy that his penis is small before you see the actual size.?
Trags, to begin with, you have what you have and there's nothing you can really do about it. If you're measurements are correct, you're of average to above average length and most of the females in this forum prefer their men in this range.
Your girlfriend's insensitivity is frightening and would lead me to believe that she may have some insecurities about her own body. One thought, is it at all possible that she's given your penis a "pet name" and you're interpreting it as an insult? Or has she come right out and accused you of being too small for her.
If that's the case, I wouldn't take too much flack from her before I would simply reply that if she didn't appreciate her "toy" a little more, you'll take it home and give it to someone else to play with.
i totally agree w/ wiseman...if she doesn't appreciate what u have to offer...then offer it to someone who will!
u are just a right size and if u read other posts on here...ull see men who have only 3-4 inch penises...so be happy..plus it continues to grow till ur about 20 yrs old or so.
another thing...if shes a virgin then what does SHE know about the effects of size and how it feels? does she want her first time to be w/ a guy whos 10in? that wouldn't feel too good...lol.
like the above article mentioned most girls including myself would definetly prefer a guy whos average in size but knows how to please a woman, whether it be foreplay, intercourse, and good oral!!!
oh yea and tell her that by her saying that it doesn't really help her chances of getting laid...by u or anyone for that matter!
First of all with all due respect, she's lying to you. If she's a virgin then there's almost no such thing as "too small" for her. Think about it. You're not too small so don't worry about it. That's about how big I was when I was your age and I still didn't grow much more after that. Don't worry
OK, i said this before somewhere else, but like i said before, its not how big you are, its how you use it, if you know how to use it with whatever you have you are good.
1. Five inches is within the range of normal and you will probably add a little bit in the next few years. Do not worry about it. Most of us will be quite pleased with you when you learn to use it.
Hey, at 14 those 5 inch sound like your are on your way. I'm not sure, but i think you have at least another 6 to 8 years of growth left. I'm not saying that it is going to be growing all those years, but it will grow some more.
I'm a nineteen year old female and my body stopped growing at the age of like 17 but I know that it is different for guys, they grow for a longer period then women do, it takes them longer for there body to mature then females. So I would say that you have a couple more years to grow.
I think on average, it stops growing in your late teens, but some guys don't stop till their eraly 20's....
don't worry about your size, you still have time to grow. the age at which the penis stops getting larger depends on when puberty ends, and that is different for everyone.
My best friends H has grown 2 inches since they met, he's around 30yo.
Give it some time. Sounds like you're only 13-14 yrs old. Sorry if I'm guessing incorrectly, but you'll keep growing and, even if you didn't, it shouldn't really matter.
hehe i was thinking the same thing with only 5 inches at 14
Your penis doesn't stop growing until you're in your twenties. Anyway, there are always growth spurts etc...I wouldn't worry too much about it.
Don't worry dude, for what you say in your post, it sounds like you are on the start point of growing, so you need to wait more to see any significant changes.
no i myself wouldn't just be rude and come out and say oh your penis is small. im surprised that didn't kill your libido all together. and to make that assumption when its still flaccid is definetly jumping the gun. i think one guy on here said his penis was a grower not a show-er. im guessing thats what you have.
i mean never judge a book by its cover so to speak.
so to answer your question no i wouldn't just come out and say that. i mean you said you were glad she was being honest w/ you but did you ask her the question first? i mean i would tell someone if they asked but i wouldn't just offer the information especially if we were just getting started and the subject hadn't been brought up...i think thats just a mood kill. a definite party foul. lol
Have patience. It takes the hormones a while to get to everything.
On average you should keep growing to your late teens to early 20's. Although you didn't mention your age, you are just starting to get "hair", so you should have some growing time yet...
The thing is you can't really to do much to change it. Worrying is only going to cause you more problems... If you are scared that you won't meeasure up with a girl, there will be a good chance you won't even be able to get hard... anxiety can be a mofo...


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Btw, what do you mean with health reasons? I have never heard of people being vegetarians for health reasons.
Lactose intolerant, knocks out milk, butter, cream, right there. Some people's stomachs are also sensitive to (red) meat, in a similar manner.
That just leaves fish. And some people don't like fish/don't have a good way of sourcing good fish.


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By: Chef Dan Eaton
Serves: makes 12 crepes
• 3 large eggs• 1 1/4 cup milk• 3/4 cup all-purpose flour• pinch salt• approx. 3 Tbs melted butter for pan• Nutella as needed (approx. 3-4 Tbs per crepe)• sliced strawberries as needed (approx. 1/2 cup per crepe)• powdered sugar for garnish (optional)• toasted almonds for garnish (optional.....see procedure)
1. It's a good idea to make the crepe batter 2-3 hours ahead of time by using a blender to combine 3 large eggs with 1 1/4 cup milk, 3/4 cup all-purpose flour and a pinch of salt and blending that until it is nice and smooth.
2. Pour that into a lidded container and let it rest in the fridge.
3. At some point, if you're using the almonds, you can toast them by adding a handful of sliced almonds to a large pan in 1/2 Tbs melted butter and tossing those until they're golden brown. Then season with salt and take them out of the pan to cool.
4. When it comes time to make the crepes, brush a little melted butter into a 10-inch, heavy bottomed nonstick pan on medium - medium high heat and use a 1/4-cup measure to add the crepe batter. swirling the pan as you go to make sure the bottom of the pan is completely and evenly covered.
5. Let that go for a minute or so on the first side. Then very carefully flip it over and let it go for another minute or so on the second side. Then take the crepes out of the pan and stack them on a plate as you go.
6. Once all of the crepes are done, spread a little Nutella over the center of a couple of crepes at a time, top that with some sliced strawberries. Roll or fold those up and finish with a sprinkling of toasted almonds and a little powdered sugar over the top.
7. You could even top that with another spoonful of the sliced strawberries!
HINTS: If not using right away, keep crepes on plate, tightly wrapped in plastic wrap, in the refrigerator. Try with sliced bananas instead of strawberries if you like.


text:
Clic sur l'image pour l'agrandir
jeudi 15 mai 2008
Bonne nuit
Clic sur l'image pour l'agrandir
46 commentaires:
- vero a dit…
Wonderful picture!
- 15 mai 2008 11:40
- Kelly a dit…
Another beautiful sunset. The fog is amazing, and you captured it so beautifully! Your post was quite poetic!
- 15 mai 2008 12:12
- babooshka a dit…
Ah, Louis. That is just stunning. It very ethereal with the blanket of of mist and the startling peach sky. Gorgeous as always. You do get such wonderful colours there.
- 15 mai 2008 12:19
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Bonjour, merci et bienvenue encore, Kelly et Vero!
Readers, Vero writes the Pergola (IT) Daily Photo and Kelly writes the Geneva (IL-US) Daily Photo - 15 mai 2008 15:05
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Merci, Babooshka, but 'tis not "Louis", but Mother Nature! All "Louis" does (in Chuck Pefley's words) is "hang the Olympus over the balcony rail" and shoot....
- 15 mai 2008 15:19
- Gargamello a dit…
Ok so Louis is the French cow who makes these posts, which I'm cool with, but what I don't understand is how a cow can have a balcony, as referenced in this lovely photo. Do barns have balconies? And would they support the weight of a cow?
- 15 mai 2008 17:03
- Tanya a dit…
You get such amazing sunsets! Our skies are gray and ugly today, expecting storms, so I am really appreciating the lovely colors of your photo today!
- 15 mai 2008 18:42
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Bonjour, Gargamello! Yes, it is one of the engineering miracles of modern agribusiness that "Louis la Vache" has a balcony chez lui. Mme la Vache, however, has been warning him that unless he loses a few kilos - NO, NOT THAT KIND - that the balcony may not continue o support him....
- 15 mai 2008 20:50
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Readers - Louis neglected to mention that Gargamello writes the Vegas Daily Vista, as in Las Vegas, NV-US.
- 15 mai 2008 20:51
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Vous êtes très aimable, Tanya. "Louis" et Mme. la Vache are indeed blessed with a spectacular setting!
Readers, Tanya writes the Monroe, GA Daily Photo; the link to her blog is in the right sidebar. If you like honeysuckle, don't miss her post today. - 15 mai 2008 20:57
- quinttarantino a dit…
Monsieur, I was here and I will allow myself to say Louis made a great choice.
But I always heard Louis are wise men when it comes to SKY WATCH matters! - 15 mai 2008 21:23
- Abraham Lincoln a dit…
Beautiful. A stunning look at the fog and a beautiful colored sky.
- 15 mai 2008 21:25
- Dulce a dit…
Wonderful photo!
- 15 mai 2008 21:29
- imac a dit…
Great shot.
my double reflection is now up please feel free to visit-thanks. - 15 mai 2008 21:29
- SandyCarlson a dit…
That fog is like a friendly companion!
- 15 mai 2008 21:36
- Rose a dit…
Beautiful shot.
- 15 mai 2008 21:49
- ellen b a dit…
Wow that is an amazing view! Beautiful...
- 15 mai 2008 21:50
- fishing guy a dit…
Louis: Very nicely done. I love the look of the bay.
- 15 mai 2008 21:54
- Mrs. Darcy a dit…
How awesome!
I love your picture! - 15 mai 2008 22:08
- Carletta a dit…
This is beautiful!
- 15 mai 2008 22:15
- Daniel J Santos a dit…
Fantastic colors, beautiful picture.
- 15 mai 2008 22:16
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Bonjour, Sandy!
Readers - see Sandy's Sky Watch Friday post (which is up on Thursday!). - 15 mai 2008 22:21
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Bienvenue et merci, Rose!
Readers, Rose writes Pics and Pieces in Illinois. Don't miss her Sky Watch shot! - 15 mai 2008 22:28
- K. Bear-Mom a dit…
extreemly beautiful:) excellent!
- 15 mai 2008 22:32
- Old Wom Tigley a dit…
Beautiful.. a pleasure to see as usual.. nice to have you here each week.
- 15 mai 2008 22:33
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Quintarantino is a regular visitor from Portugal. Visit his blog Photos & Secrets.
- 15 mai 2008 22:35
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Mrs. Darcy, "Louis" welcomes you!
Readers, Mrs. Darcy visits us from Norway, where she is about to leave on vacation for Greece. Don't miss her Sky Watch Friday at A Room With A View. - 15 mai 2008 22:41
- ***Fotografia e Luz*** a dit…
very beautiful picture of the sky with such beautiful colors
- 15 mai 2008 22:43
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Readers - visit Kaja's blog. You'll see that "Louis" isn't the only one with a grand view from the balcony!
She visits us from Finland/Estonia and her blog is Kaja's Photo Gallery. - 15 mai 2008 22:46
- Voz do meu Coração a dit…
Beautiful photography. Congratulations
- 15 mai 2008 22:49
- John a dit…
Amazing shot Louis! Well capture.
- 15 mai 2008 22:50
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Readers - don't miss imac's Double Reflection, where no doubt HE was seeing double after taking the shot.... :-)
By the way, imac visits us from Lincolnshire, U.K. - 15 mai 2008 22:51
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Merci et bienvenue, Fishing Guy!
Readers, Fishing Guy stopped by from Ohio. His blog is HERE. Pay him a return visit! - 15 mai 2008 22:56
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Ellen B, "Louis" thanks you for visiting - check back for "Sky Watch Friday". From where did you visit us?
- 15 mai 2008 23:05
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Dulce - Obrigado para seu comentário e visite-o.
Readers, Dulce visits us from Portugal where she has posted her version of Icarus at her blog: O QUE OS MEUS OLHOS VÊEM - 15 mai 2008 23:11
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Obrigado, Daniel!
Readers, Daniel is another regular visitor from Portugal. Don't miss his Sky Watch at Com Imagens. - 15 mai 2008 23:16
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Readers, Carletta visits from West Virginia where she writes Round the Bend.
Carletta, "Louis" thanks you for visiting us! - 15 mai 2008 23:21
- Louis la Vache a dit…
John, merci et bienvenue encore!
Readers, John visits regularly from Norway and he has posted absolutely BREATHTAKING photos for Sky Watch Friday at John's fotoblog. - 15 mai 2008 23:26
- Louis la Vache a dit…
M. Lincoln! "Louis" is happy to see that you stopped by!
Readers, M. Lincoln is indeed related to the President and he regularly posts incredibly beautiful photos at his blog which he writes from Brookville, Ohio. Louis has the link in the right sidebar. - 15 mai 2008 23:29
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Obrigado, ***fotografia e luz***
"Louis" thanks you for visiting us from Switzerland (where, Readers, the blog is written in Portuguese!) - 15 mai 2008 23:44
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Readers, Old Wom Tigley is the boss checking in - he hosts Sky Watch Friday - but he's early here today! :-)
- 15 mai 2008 23:50
- Pretty Life Online a dit…
wow! nice one for SWF! When you realize how perfect everything you will tilt your head back and laugh at the sky.... Have a great weekend! mine's up too hope you can drop by.
- 15 mai 2008 23:54
- Müge Tekil a dit…
C'est beau!
- 15 mai 2008 23:57
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Boas vindas e agradecimentos de Louis você para visitar, Voz do Meu Coracao!
- 15 mai 2008 23:59
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Pretty Life Online visits us from the Philippines!
Welcome! - 16 mai 2008 00:03
- Louis la Vache a dit…
Un Brin de Muguet blogs in French from Turkey!
Visit her blog and see some excellent photos of Turkey! - 16 mai 2008 00:09


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text: Maybe the thread will be restored by the start of the seasonhes suspended B. We safe nowagreed! i joined this forum in oct to gain knowledge on my favorite brand, not lower my IQ every time i see one of their comments -______-ok, so im prly gonna jinx this, but has anybody realized that london hasnt been on here lately?? and how niice its been?I know, it's been starting to feel like an actual Supreme forum. Now we just need PowerCum to log off.


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Thursday, June 25, 2009
Favorite Cincinnati Pizza? Will it be Newport Pizza Company?
So we headed a few blocks towards the Levee and came across Newport Pizza Company - I'd heard a few things about this and thought we should check it out!
It's on the corner on Monmouth and has a small outside seating area as well as about 10 tables inside.
Scott wasn't fond of having his picture taken and kept pushing away the camera and it turned out to be a cool picture!
We ordered a salad and planned on splitting it between the 3 of us. Here's the bone of contention for the evening. The house/caesar salads were approx. $3 each (they don't have a website so I can't look up menu). The server said the other salads were much larger - they were also $6.50 or more so we figured they would be bigger. Well they aren't - we saw our BLT salad and the other's house/caesar - all the same size - yet this was twice the price. It's some lettuce people - good God!
The salad tasted fine but if I'd paid that and thought it was an entree salad - I would have been even more peeved! FYI that's a small probably 6" plate - just for reference.
Now they do have good beers - these are a couple of fancy pants beers that were about $10/bottle but the bottles had probably 3 glasses in each. I think they were both Belgian beers - the boys were very happy. The one on the left has double the alcohol...just fyi.
Finally - the 'za - we got the Monmouth - basically the "combo". Sausage (very good - like really great), pepperoni, mushrooms, green peppers, onions, bacon, etc...
It's a thinner crust but still not the super crispy thin crust that is my favorite. It was far superior to that of Chi-nnati's from last weekend.
My Dad used to put LOTS of sauce on pizzas and I miss that - it's used so sparingly I don't really remember it. Overall it was a good pizza pie. Probably on par with Deweys - (but not in the salad dept). I like Dewey's unique choices more than the standards...but for a standard this was good.
They also had sandwiches on the menu but we were all in a pizza mood. We got the 16" and we ate all of it with 3 people (they also have a 12" - that's what she said - dammit - sorry - just watched the office.)
I'm still searching for my favorite pizza - I think my two favorites of all time are probably Godfather's Combo - fond memories of it as a child - remember the dude in the commercials? And my other favorite: Pagliai's where I went to college - my best friend and I would get 1/2 pepperoni/green pepper and 1/2 sausage/mushroom. Ahhhhh.
What's your favorite pizza?
Reactions: |
10 comments:
- Mark Mascolino said...
Fin du monde is definitely Belgian and pretty good (and it is a fantastic name).
- June 26, 2009 at 11:19 AM
- Sarah said...
I am from Iowa City and Pagliai's was by far my favorite. ooohh I miss it. Its so nice to find another Iowan here in Cincy. I love your blog.
Sarah - June 26, 2009 at 12:50 PM
- Heather said...
Well Sarah - pleased to meet you!!! I'm from West Liberty - we were practically neighbors!
- June 26, 2009 at 12:53 PM
Kudos for the Godfather's reference! I thought I was the only person in Cincinnati that knew about Godfather's. I would kill for their cinnamon dessert pizza!
It's probably a good thing that there isn't a Godfather's around here or I might have a serious problem. - June 27, 2009 at 8:19 PM
- Heather said...
Oh I know - pagiliai's and godfather's how i miss you both!!!!
- June 28, 2009 at 11:03 AM
- k said...
i love the newport pizza co as well - i have a post coming sometime :)
the pic of scott is way cool - June 29, 2009 at 8:38 AM
- k said...
oh, my favorite pizza currently is noce's. on the westside, of course.
- June 29, 2009 at 8:40 AM
K - I think you must work for them or something. I just had their pizza and I found it to be mediocre at best. Bud at $2.00 was by FAR their best menu item. The decor looked like an old subway store and the kitchen (like the toilets) was unsanitary. Lat time I will EVER eat there.
- November 27, 2009 at 4:25 PM
Yea, Godfather's was some really good pizza! Newport Pizza company falls way short of that. More like a dressed up frozen Tony's.
- November 27, 2009 at 4:28 PM
- Heather said...
I definitely do NOT work for them...but yeah - i'd rather have deweys!
- December 1, 2009 at 11:16 AM


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Table Mounted Shelf, Single Deck, 18 in W, 72 in L, SS, Rear Mounted
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The Electronic Entertainment Expo, or E3, is officially over, and what a week it was.
Hands-on preview: The Crew
It's early days for The Crew but it's hard not to be impressed.
Preview: Assassin's Creed: Black Flag
It wouldn't be a new generation of gaming without a new Assassin's Creed, writes Calum Wilson Austin from the E3 gaming expo in Los Angeles.
Xbox hacker faces court
A Perth teenager whose home was raided after he listed a prototype of Microsoft's new Xbox on eBay before it was released has faced court over a raft of computer crime and drugs charges.
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TV and gaming fuse into a rich experience in Defiance.
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Hello, im Bertie, im 21 and new to the site.
I started my diet last year during my last year at university. I managed to lose a stone then for one reason or another stopped, but now i am back on track and hoping to lose as much towards my goal as possible. I joined here to see what advice people can give and be around like minded people.
Talk soon no doubt.


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Mayor's Radio Ad Has Unions Crying FoulUnions say mayor's ads supporting labor law ordinance don't clear up questionsANCHORAGE - Radio ads about the mayor's new ordinance to overhaul the city's labor laws have been hitting the Anchorage airwaves for about two weeks. As part of a $28,000 ad campaign from the mayor's office, a new ad featuring the mayor started airing late last week. But union workers say the ad doesn't tell the whole story. In the ad the mayor addresses what his ordinance calls "managed competition," essentially a way for private businesses to bid for contracts to perform city services. "Hi, I'm Mayor Dan Sullivan," the ad begins. "Leaders of the Anchorage Assembly and I recently introduced the Responsible Labor Act, an ordinance that will improve the way future labor contracts are negotiated." Highlighting benefits of the proposal in the ad, Mayor Sullivan states that emergency services aren't eligible for bids from private contractors. "I can assure you that public safety services, such as EMS and 911, will not be considered for bid," the ad states. But Anchorage fire fighters aren't so quick to accept the mayor's word. "Nothing's been put out in writing," Rod Harris said. As the president of the Anchorage Fire Fighters Union, he said the ordinance, as it stands now, puts public safety out to bid. "The original ordinance had EMS in there, that it could be contracted out," Harris said. "We've been told now by the mayor in those meetings, and publicly, that that's not the case. But we have not seen the amendments yet." "We're still not getting full answers to our questions on any of that," Harris said. Today the Fire Fighters Union released an ad of their own, urging listeners to talk to their Assembly representative to get answers for those questions. In the fire fighter's ad, Harris says "it's important that the full impact of any legislation is known before it is enacted. The future potential of this ordinance is still not clear." It's how the unions are urging the assembly to work out answers going in to a public hearing set for this Wednesday, where another over-flow crowd is expected. As for the amendments, Assembly Chair Ernie Hall said the assembly is working on the drafts of several amendments, and trying to address other issues that have been raised about the ordinance, but they won't be releasing an amended version until March 8, after they've allowed the public to weigh in. You have indicated this comment should be removed.said on Thursday, Feb 28 at 7:51 PM To Justsaying... Sounds like you're talking about the Obama administration except that in this case it is to save money instead on increase spending! Inappropriate? Alert Us! said on Tuesday, Feb 26 at 10:07 PM So are we going to contract out our teachers too? Inappropriate? Alert Us! said on Tuesday, Feb 26 at 7:14 PM Go mayor!!!!!!!! Inappropriate? Alert Us! said on Tuesday, Feb 26 at 4:13 PM We just need to follow the leftist ideal and " pass this thing so we can see whats in it" per the liberal ideology!!!!!! Inappropriate? Alert Us! said on Tuesday, Feb 26 at 3:56 PM @Anouymous, Please tell us how the Police and Fire Departments have held hard working people hostage? I agree some changes can and should be made. This can be accomplished under the current system. This ordinance is draconian as it is written and will have a devastating affect on thousands of "hard working" people in Anchorage. Don't believe for a second that this is about aligning holidays, medical plans and simplifying contracts as the Mayor suggests. Read the ordinance and tell me if you would choose a career under these guidelines that endangers your life, has no pension and guarantees a pay CUT every year you stay? Inappropriate? Alert Us! said on Tuesday, Feb 26 at 2:12 PM Sully has to hurry to pass this while his South Anchorage toadies and his appointed toady is still in office before the next election. Can we get a write in election opposing toady Hall? Inappropriate? Alert Us! said on Tuesday, Feb 26 at 12:31 PM Both the City of Anchorage and the State of Alaska are trying to pass ordinances, laws and even change the Alaska Constitution without supplying language to limit the laws intent. Once the law or ordinance is passed, they can then do anything they want under the new law - and it will be legal. The people had better start paying attention or we are all in big trouble. Ernie Hall says that the amendments won't be released until after public comment is ended? And the citizens of Anchorage are letting them get away with it? Just wow... Inappropriate? Alert Us! said on Tuesday, Feb 26 at 12:10 PM unions crying foul the tax payers should be calling foul the way the public unions have tryed to hold the hard working private sector hostage for years change is do!!! Inappropriate? Alert Us! Add a comment |
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