text:
Create Your Own Linux Desktop and Take It with You
Most of us work with multiple Linux machines these days, and we are used to hopping between them. However, there are times when you want to separate your Linux desktop experience from your physical desktop PC. You would like a Linux desktop that lives on a USB key that you can move freely among PCs. To explain this better, let me describe two problems I've recently addressed with a small, portable Linux distro:
I don't always work from the same location. Carrying a portable laptop computer around is one way of having my Linux desktop wherever I need it, but another way is to have a small Linux desktop on my keyring. When I arrive at a new work location, I can plug the USB key in to any available PC, boot Linux quickly and continue working right where I left off. The live Linux on the key runs entirely in memory and uses the key for persistent storage. I don't need a lot of storage (most of my data lives in the cloud), but I do need to be able to use a unique set of application packages so I have the tools I need to do my work.
I have a Netbook that bit the dust a few months ago. The failure was in the hard disk, and this particular generation of Netbook uses a 1.6" hard disk. If you can find a replacement drive that size, the price is such that it's cheaper to purchase a new Netbook. I'd like to be able to run my Linux desktop even on this machine, which is otherwise a brick.
To address these problems, I needed a Linux distro with the following characteristics:
Small enough to fit on a USB key.
Bootable on a variety of machines (all PC architectures).
Ability to run in memory only, given target machines would all have 1GB or more.
Quick booting.
Application package compatibility with a major Linux distro.
So, why not just run a desktop distro from a USB stick? That, in fact, was my first solution, and most desktop distros make it really easy to create a live USB installation, including persistence to storage on the USB drive. For example, Ubuntu 10.10 (and every Ubuntu release since 9.04) comes with the usb-creator tool that creates a live USB installation for you given the related .iso file.
To create an Ubuntu 10.10 live USB installation, first download the .iso file for the desktop version from the Ubuntu Web site (www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download). After the download, plug in a USB stick (2GB or larger), and select System→Administration→Startup Disk Creator from the Ubuntu menu. Select the downloaded .iso and the target USB device—in the case shown here, it's /dev/sdb1. When you click Make Startup Disk, Ubuntu copies all the needed files to the stick and makes it bootable.
You'll get a confirmation box, and then you've got your portable Ubuntu. If that meets your needs, you're all set. You can boot it on another machine, install applications using sudo apt-get install, and do pretty much anything you would do on your desktop, limited only by the available storage on the USB stick.
But, you may have needs that go beyond what you get with a standard off-the-shelf desktop. Because this is Linux Journal, you almost certainly have custom needs and preferences, and fortunately, there are ways to create your very own portable desktop distribution.
Puppy Linux, in particular, is built with customization in mind. If you've never heard of it, you may want to take a look at Louis Iacona's article "Puppy Linux" in the April 2008 issue (www.linuxjournal.com/article/9932). You also should visit www.puppylinux.com. Barry Kauler created Puppy Linux in 2003, and he has continued to develop it and build a community of developers for it since then. Lately, Barry has focused more on customization capabilities for the platform, resulting in the Woof tool, which builds Puppy-like distributions.
Puppy Linux has many other desirable features, including:
Runs entirely from memory, so it's very fast.
Very small memory footprint (100–110MB).
Support for a wide variety of hardware devices.
Compatibility with packages from other distributions (including Ubuntu).
User interface that's intended to be approachable.
There also are some features that might not be desirable, depending on your application:
Runs entirely in memory, so all active programs have to fit.
User runs as root, so there's the potential to screw up.
Hardware device support not as complete as major distros.
Even with the tools that Puppy Linux provides, building your own distribution isn't for the novice. You need to be comfortable using the Linux command line, have a suitable build environment and a broadband Internet connection. Additionally the tools still are under development, so expect that things are not entirely complete (such as reports and so on), and that some combinations of configuration choices just may not work yet. The best news is there's a very active community of Puppy and Woof users you can reach for help at puppylinux.org.
Building your distribution proceeds in five stages, with each stage having a number of steps:
Create a Puppy Linux host system. The Woof tool works only when run under Puppy Linux, so the first thing you need to do is create a host system that runs PL.
Use your PL host to download the Woof tool.
Use the woof_gui tool to configure the files that Woof will use to build your distribution.
Build your distribution.
Install your distribution on a bootable USB key.
Rick Rogers has been a professional embedded developer for more than 30 years. Now specializing in mobile application software, when Rick isn't writing software for a living, he's writing books and magazine articles like this one.
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Edgy, buzz-worthy, and always a little twisted, Hazardous Comedy Network is toxically funny.
We didn't simply redesign Mornings. We rebuilt it. The questions we asked Mornings users were exhaustive, the feedback was extensive and the end result is impressive. Over a dozen new features have been added, including full team collaboration, RSS feeds, blogging, bookmarks and social networking.

subset: commoncrawl


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Last school year, 3.01 percent of high school students dropped out of school, according to the 2011-12 Consolidated Data Report presented recently to State Board of Education members. This rate represents a .42 percentage point decrease from the previous year's rate of 3.43 percent and another record low.
"High school students understand the connection between a diploma and the ability to reach their goals," State Superintendent June Atkinson said.
"Principals, teachers and support staff should be praised for their efforts to ensure that students are staying on track to complete their education and achieve success after graduation," she said.
The grade 7-13 Dropout Counts and Rates for Richmond County Schools shows a 2011-12 dropout rate of 2.52 percent, a decline from the district's 2010-11 rate of 2.96 percent.
The improved rate is due to a focus on student attendance, said Richmond County Schools Superintendent George Norris.
"We are really pleased that our dropout rate has improved," Norris said. "For several years we have put emphasis on student attendance and reduced student suspensions, thereby keeping kids in school more often with fewer gaps in their learning."
Several of the district's principals, including the Richmond County Ninth Grade Academy, are looking at innovative scheduling to help at-risk kids, said Norris. There are also several alternative programs including Leak Street High School, Leak Street Night Academy, Richmond Transitional School and Richmond Early College that give students an option besides Richmond Senior High School, where the district offers a traditional program.
"Our teachers have worked to enhance student engagement and to make their lessons interesting to the students. I don't think any one thing is responsible, but rather a number of good initiatives coming together," Norris said.
Key findings of the 2011-12 Consolidated Data Report show that:
• A total of 13,488 high school students dropped out in 2011-12 as compared to 15,342 students in 2010-11 (12.1 percent decrease).
• There were dropout count decreases in 70.4 percent (81 of 115) of school districts.
• Excluding the newly reported Pacific Islander group, black students had the largest percentage decrease in dropout count (16.1) followed by white students (10.8) and Hispanic students (9.7).
• Males accounted for 60.3 percent of reported dropouts, which was slightly up from 60 percent in 2010-11.
• Students dropped out most frequently at grade 10 (28.6 percent) followed by grade 9 (26.7 percent), grade 11 (25.3 percent) and grade 12 (17.3 percent).
• Attendance was the reason most cited for dropping out (41.5 percent).
In considering the annual dropout rate, educators say it is important to note that this rate is not the same as the four-year cohort graduation rate. The cohort graduation rate follows a group of ninth graders across four years' time and reports the percentage of these students who graduate four years after they begin high school. North Carolina high schools reported a record-high 80.4 percent four-year cohort graduation rate for the class of 2012. A lower dropout rate often corresponds with a higher graduation rate.
The annual dropout rate illustrates the number and percentage of students who drop out during one year's time. Some of these students may return to school in the subsequent year and complete high school; others may drop out multiple times. The four-year cohort graduation rate is considered a more comprehensive picture of this issue.
The full report containing district and charter school high school dropout counts and rates for 2010-11 and 2011-12 is available online at www.ncpublicschools.org/research/discipline/reports/.
— Editor John Charles Robbins can be reached at 910-997-3111, ext. 13, or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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AVR GCC dont run on VISTA
AVR Freaks Forum Index
AVR (8-bit) Technical Forums
AVR GCC forum
Jan 31, 2007 - 06:42 AM
Joined: Jan 29, 2007
Posts: 4
Location: Traunreut
Hello Alex,
thank you for your batch. I will test it in the next days and hope it will work also with my system!
Here ist the URL of two commands to this topic I found at the Internet:
http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.ph ... tid=202435
Jan 31, 2007 - 08:56 AM
Joined: Jan 02, 2003
Posts: 28
Hi Harry,
Yes indeed the
are describing this problem.
The Vista RTM is quite different as it was in Win2k
and WinXP. Because the MS guys extended the security issue for any forked or spawned process. I'll inspect this and report it in a separate topic (not here!)
Feb 01, 2007 - 03:45 PM
Joined: Jun 24, 2004
Posts: 97
Location: Philadelphia, PA
I ended up making a virtual pc (xp) do to my avr stuff..
im on vacation, but when i get back ill try the batch
im not sure where to execute it from
Feb 11, 2007 - 02:28 PM
Joined: Jul 01, 2006
Posts: 2
skipper wrote:
Hi Mitch,
Hi Guys,
I've successfuly installed and compiled one project on MS Vista Enterprise with
. You should create the following batch with PATH extensions to start the compiler modules:
@echo off
set AVR=%ProgramFiles%\Atmel\WinAVR
set PATH=%AVR%\libexec\gcc\avr\4.1.1;%AVR%\bin;%AVR%\avr\bin;%AVR%\utils\bin;%PATH%;
set AVRALEXLIB=%CD%\..\lib
set AVRALEXCOMMON=%CD%\..\common
set AVRHEXDIR=%CD%\..\_hex
set DIRAVR=%AVR%
set DIRAVRBIN=%AVR%\bin
set TMP=%CD%\..\_temp
set TEMP=%CD%\..\_temp
echo ...
echo Running in %CD%
echo Entering now in a new Shell!
echo Type exit to escape from local!
There my be also inlcude definition problems, if any
please post your help request here!
please test
Hi Alex,
thanks for your help. I started your batch file and
make.exe starts compiling now.
The problem are still the include paths.
Do you have an idea how to fix it?
Compiling C: main.c
avr-gcc -c -mmcu=atmega32 -I. -gdwarf-2 -DF_CPU=16000000UL -Os -funsigned-char -
funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wunde
f -Wa,-adhlns=obj/main.lst -std=gnu99 -Wundef -MD -MP -MF .dep/main.o.d main.c
-o obj/main.o
main.c:1:19: error: stdio.h: No such file or directory
In file included from main.c:2:
main.h:1:20: error: stdint.h: No such file or directory
main.h:6:20: error: avr/io.h: No such file or directory
main.h:7:27: error: avr/interrupt.h: No such file or directory
main.h:8:24: error: util/delay.h: No such file or directory
Feb 15, 2007 - 09:12 PM
Joined: Jan 02, 2003
Posts: 28
please upload your makefile!
I'll check or fix it as soon as possible!
Feb 17, 2007 - 09:22 PM
Joined: Apr 27, 2005
Posts: 73
Location: Netherlands
I think this solves the include problems:
set C_INCLUDE_PATH=%AVR%\avr\include
set LIBRARY_PATH=%AVR%\avr\lib
set GCC_EXEC_PREFIX=%AVR%\
set LD_LIBRARY_PATH=%AVR%\lib
I'm not sure if they all do something but it has worked. However now I get another error:
ld: cannot open linker script file ldscripts/avr5.x: No such file or directory
Also, when it did compile (I don't know what has changed in since then) avr-objcopy complained about sections eeprom that could not be copied. This could be because this section is not present and the application fails:
c:\Program Files\WinAVR\bin\avr-objcopy.exe: there are no sections to be copied!
I'm trying to make a small AVR Studio launcher application that sets up the right environment for AVR studio in Vista.
Both problems were solved with the beta version of AVR Studio 4.13. This is also the only version that works with the latest WinAVR.
I have made a small launcher tool for AVR studio.
Place the exe inside somewhere on your PC and make a shortcut to it. Use this shortcut to start AVR studio and hopefully it works. I did get some heap errors sometimes but they seem to be incidental.
Make sure you have the latest WinAVR installed and the
AVR studio
Feb 21, 2007 - 06:28 AM
Joined: Dec 22, 2005
Posts: 1275
Location: shiraz , iran
hi every body
my WinAVR20070122 does not work on vista
i have installed it on c:\program files\winavr
and used the last batch file above
it says
> "make.exe" all
avr-gcc -g -Wall -O2 -mmcu=atmega8 -c -o demo.o demo.c
avr-gcc: _spawnvp: No such file or directory
make.exe: *** [demo.o] Error 1
> Process Exit Code: 2
if some body knows the problem please help me
and send me an email
my email is "email@example.com"
thanks for your concern
Feb 21, 2007 - 12:01 PM
Joined: Jul 01, 2006
Posts: 2
madwizard wrote:
I think this solves the include problems:
set C_INCLUDE_PATH=%AVR%\avr\include
set LIBRARY_PATH=%AVR%\avr\lib
set GCC_EXEC_PREFIX=%AVR%\
set LD_LIBRARY_PATH=%AVR%\lib
I'm not sure if they all do something but it has worked. However now I get another error:
ld: cannot open linker script file ldscripts/avr5.x: No such file or directory
Running in D:\Atmega32
Entering now in a new Shell!
Type exit to escape from local!
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.0.6000]
Copyright (c) 2006 Microsoft Corporation. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.
D:\Atmega32>make all
bash.exe: warning: could not find /tmp, please create!
bash.exe: warning: could not find /tmp, please create!
-------- begin --------
avr-gcc (GCC) 4.1.1 (WinAVR 20070122)
Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
bash.exe: warning: could not find /tmp, please create!
Size before:
main.elf :
section size addr
.text 4080 0
.data 470 8388704
.bss 14 8389174
.stab 876 0
.stabstr 132 0
.debug_aranges 32 0
.debug_pubnames 378 0
.debug_info 3503 0
.debug_abbrev 768 0
.debug_line 3102 0
.debug_frame 368 0
.debug_str 696 0
.debug_loc 2265 0
Total 16684
Compiling C: main.c
avr-gcc -c -mmcu=atmega32 -I. -gdwarf-2 -DF_CPU=16000000UL -Os -funsigned-char -
funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wunde
f -Wa,-adhlns=obj/main.lst -std=gnu99 -Wundef -MD -MP -MF .dep/main.o.d main.c
-o obj/main.o
main.c: In function 'main':
main.c:43: warning: unused variable 'p'
Linking: main.elf
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega32 -I. -gdwarf-2 -DF_CPU=16000000UL -Os -funsigned-char -fun
signed-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wundef -
Wa,-adhlns=obj/main.o -std=gnu99 -Wundef -MD -MP -MF .dep/main.elf.d obj/main.o
--output main.elf -Wl,-Map=main.map,--cref -lm
Creating load file for Flash: main.hex
avr-objcopy -O ihex -R .eeprom main.elf main.hex
Creating load file for EEPROM: main.eep
avr-objcopy -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \
--change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex main.elf main.eep
bash.exe: warning: could not find /tmp, please create!
/usr/bin/sh: /d/Daten/WinAVR/bin/avr-objcopy: Invalid argument
make: [main.eep] Error 126 (ignored)
Creating Extended Listing: main.lss
avr-objdump -h -S main.elf > main.lss
bash.exe: warning: could not find /tmp, please create!
/usr/bin/sh: /d/Daten/WinAVR/bin/avr-objdump: Invalid argument
make: *** [main.lss] Error 126
Ok thanks!
The new problem is the /tmp directory. Where must I create it??
bash.exe: warning: could not find /tmp, please create!
Second Problem, the EEPROM File will not be created!
I use Win AVR from 22.01.2007.
I would be very useful, if somebody could create a intruction how to fix the problems.
Feb 21, 2007 - 12:41 PM
Joined: Apr 27, 2005
Posts: 73
Location: Netherlands
/tmp should work fine if your TEMP and TMP variables are set to a valid directory. This should be done by windows anyway. The batch files earlier in this post do this:
set TMP=%CD%\..\_temp
set TEMP=%CD%\..\_temp
These overrule the defaults from Windows to a directory that probably does not exist on your machine. Just remove those lines and it should work fine, or create the ..\_temp directory.
If you get heap errors (this happens often but not always) this can be fixed by rebasing msys-1.0.dll as mentioned in another thread.
is a new version of the DLL, put it in {Winavr}\utils\bin over the old one.
Feb 23, 2007 - 07:18 AM
Joined: Feb 23, 2007
Posts: 1
ld: cannot open linker script file ldscripts/avr5.x: No such file or directory[
Following your steps I am getting these errors.how do I get around this error?
also studio launcher is not working for me
Feb 24, 2007 - 12:29 PM
Joined: Apr 27, 2005
Posts: 73
Location: Netherlands
I had that problem only with existing projects. Try creating a new project and put your old source files in it, it probably works then.
The msys DLL that was rebased does not work all the time btw, I still had lots of heap errors. I think I have fixed it with a small patch but I'll do some more tests. There's some really ugly programming in msys.
Feb 26, 2007 - 12:49 PM
Joined: Apr 27, 2005
Posts: 73
Location: Netherlands
I have looked into it once more and think I have found the root of the problem. It seems WinAVR passes an invalid parameter to the _access C function that checks whether a file or directory exists or which rights it has. WinAVR searches several paths for its subprograms (cc1.exe), including correct ones but because of the invalid parameter and the lack of error checking it falsely assumes the correct path does not exist.
This problem is new in Vista because it uses a newer version of msvcrt.dll . Older versions did not check (completely) for invalid parameters. It is still a bug in WinAVR though, under BSD/Linux the _access function differs slightly from Windows. There it checks for the 'execute' right, which does not exist as such in windows. Windows can still check if the file exists though, it justs needs a different parameter.
I've posted full details in the
WinAVR bug report
It should be quite easy to fix in the source code but as I'm not familiar with the build environment WinAVR is built in I'll leave this to someone else.
Still, I did make a binary patch for avr-gcc.exe. It is explained in the bug report but I've made a downloadable fixed version as well:
Put this avr-gcc.exe over the old one in bin\, be sure to make a backup first in case it does not work.
You do not need the batch file nor the launcher anymore with this fix.
Only use this patch with latest WinAVR (20070122).
Let me know if you have any other executables that give errors.
Feb 27, 2007 - 04:45 PM
Joined: Jun 24, 2004
Posts: 97
Location: Philadelphia, PA
my code now compiles 100% in vista with the
new avr-gcc.exe
Feb 27, 2007 - 04:55 PM
Joined: Jun 24, 2004
Posts: 97
Location: Philadelphia, PA
read my post
my last couple posts
why i didnt remember this i dont know
i guess i fell in love with VirtualPC and kept
going to XP from vista to do my atmel work
Feb 27, 2007 - 08:19 PM
Joined: Apr 27, 2005
Posts: 73
Location: Netherlands
mitchjs: Too bad I missed that post of yours
I have reported the fix to a WinAVR bug report and posted a bug report on the GCC bugzilla. Both haven't had any responses yet but at least the binary patch works. I'm not that familar with the whole cygwin/mingw/msys (whatever winavr is compiled with) system so fixing the binary is a lot easier for me than to fix the source.
To elaborate a bit more on the patch, like mitchjs found _access is called with the wrong parameter. Basically GCC needs to find its cc1.exe subprogram. To do this it guesses a couple of paths and uses stat and _access to see if it has found a valid one. Normally it finds a valid path and uses it but on Vista (and some win98 versions as well it seems) it fails. The _access function takes a filename/path and a mode to check for (existance, read access, write access etc.). On unix/linux/etc. one can use mode 1, which checks for execute rights (basically this checks for existance). In windows, there is no such mode. To be more specific, msvcrt's _access function does not allow it, see the
. mitchjs has also mentioned this in his post.
So GCC has been wrong all along (well, it is right on other systems but not on windows), we just didn't notice it because older versions of msvcrt.dll does not check its mode parameter for proper values. Later versions of msvcrt.dll do, this is why gcc differs on Vista. GCC does not check the error value of _access, but falsely assumes that the path to cc1.exe it tried to access does not exist. At the end it gives up and just spawns "cc1.exe", without any path. This is the spawnvp error everyone gets, it tries to spawn cc1.exe but because it couldn't find the absolute path this fails if cc1.exe is not in your path. This is also why all the PATH settings in the batch files sort of fix the problem.
The patch works as follows: Luckily avr-gcc was compiled with a sloppy linker that left the DLL's import library stubs.
The fix is here
.00417690: FF25DC214200 jmp [0004221DC]; _access ;msvcrt.dll
.00417696: 90 nop
.00417697: 90 nop
.00417698: 0000 add [eax],al
.0041769A: 0000 add [eax],al
.0041769C: 0000 add [eax],al
.0041769E: 0000 add [eax],al
.004176A0: FF25F4214200 jmp _putenv ;msvcrt.dll
The top address is the jump to msvcrt's access, this address is called whenever the function needs to be called. The nop's and 00's are just padding to the next function stub (which happens to be putenv). The patch changes it into:
.00417690: 90 nop
.00417691: A1DC214200 mov eax,[0004221DC] ; _access address
.00417696: 81642408FE000000 and d,[esp][00008],0000000FE ;"
.0041769E: FFE0 jmp eax
.004176A0: FF25F4214200 jmp _putenv ;msvcrt.dll
The address is put into eax, the mode parameter [esp+8] is ANDed with 0xFE so that mode 1 becomes mode 0, and then calls _access through eax.
mithcjs PM'd me on the fact that my patch seems a little odd (your address differs btw, older version?) and wrote:
004176B8 .- FF25 DC214200 JMP DWORD PTR DS:[<&msvcrt._access>] ; msvcrt._access
is good enough, the its just the reference to the inport table, not the inport table itself
This is true but I wrote it in such a way for a reason. My patch leaves the indirect address of _access at the same spot in memory. When the executable would be relocated, windows changes these addresses and if it is at the same spot the address would change correctly. If it has moved in location the wrong bytes will be relocated.
, I forgot for a minute that executables, unlike DLLs, rarely have relocation information. In fact, avr-gcc doesn't have any so your patch would work just as well (apart from that you seem to have a different version). You could also use 'and byte ptr [esp+8], 0xFE if you really want to save space
Anyway I hope this gets fixed properly in the source time but I guess this will take some time. There may be other programs in the WinAVR package that also suffer from this problem, they can likely be fixed in the same way.
Also, if you have any cygwin heap errors it is likely msys-1.0.dll to be the problem. Relocating the DLL works, but the suggested 0x70000000 address still causes problems often. I found a better address to be much lower, such as 0x30000000. I'll put up a new rebased version of it.
The cygwin heap problem is inherent to the way cygwin's memory management works. It needs to allocate memory for different processes at exactly the same spot in memory. In unix like systems the fork system call does this and there never is a problem. Windows does not have such a thing (luckily) but this does still mean that the heap needs to be cloned at the same address for cygwin programs so that all the pointers will still be valid. If there's any DLL that happens to be loaded by the new process first which overlaps with the memory cygwin's heap should be, cygwin can't allocate this heap. There's no real solution for this problem other then rewriting the whole system so all you can do is reduce the chance that cygwin's heap and DLLs collide in memory. Rebasing the DLL to a lower address does this quite effectively though it will never be fool proof.
Feb 27, 2007 - 10:08 PM
Joined: Apr 27, 2005
Posts: 73
Location: Netherlands
I have placed everything on a small webpage so that it will be easier to find for those that do not visit this forum:
Using WinAVR in Windows Vista
Feb 27, 2007 - 11:15 PM
Joined: Jun 24, 2004
Posts: 97
Location: Philadelphia, PA
very good...
would have done the byte wise and
but i was ok with the word...
I think windows would not change that memory addres (ever), but the address in the table that its pointed to
the RVA address will always be $4221dc for that call
the address at 4221dc will change when loaded to point to the import of the mscvrt.dll
if my windows PE file format (limited) skills are working
anyway... thats not the point.. the point is
you got it... and me happy, and im sure others too!
im sure GCC for windows has many other minor issues
prob needs a windows guy to clean up
cygwin's heap errors arnt poping up on my system
vista with 2gb
Feb 28, 2007 - 12:40 AM
Joined: Apr 27, 2005
Posts: 73
Location: Netherlands
mitchjs wrote:
very good...
I think windows would not change that memory addres (ever), but the address in the table that its pointed to
the RVA address will always be $4221dc for that call
the address at 4221dc will change when loaded to point to the import of the mscvrt.dll
There are two levels here, first of all you have the address of _access itself, which can change quite easily because of relocations. This address is stored normally at 4221DC. The jump to _access (or a call if the linker would remove the stubs) is:
jmp dword ptr [4221DC]
This is an absolute address, 4221DC is stored directly in memory, not relative to the instruction pointer. You can see this in the opcode (in little endian so reversed):
FF 25 >DC 21 42 00< jmp [0004221DC];
Suppose the executable *would* be relocated. The default base for executables is 400000, but if windows relocates it to say 600000, the address of _access would then be stored at 6221DC. Still, because the 4221DC address is absolute and hardcoded in the opcode, the jump would go to [4221DC], while the real address is at [6221DC]. It would crash, likely with an access violation.
If this bug were in a DLL instead of an EXE you would have to deal with it, since the base address could easily change. In a DLL, the relocation table would have an entry for the 'DC 21 42 00' DWORD in the opcode, stating that these bytes represent an address and they should be relocated if the DLL changes its base.
So it is a valid problem, just not for executables since they don't have relocation information.
cygwin's heap errors arnt poping up on my system vista with 2gb
Same here, Vista with 2GB. But with the default msys I get them all the time. Base 0x70000000 works a bit better but still often an error. Strangely it happens more often when I hit the 1GB memory usage.
I've included the new DLL anyway to prevent any problems.
Small example of the problem, take the kernel Sleep call in the default msys-1.0 DLL, which does have relocation information.
.710A15D8: FF25ACF50F71 jmp d,[0710FF5AC] ; Sleep
.710A15DE: 90 nop
.710A15DF: 90 nop
.710A15E0: FF25B8F40F71 jmp d,[0710FF4B8] ; LoadLibraryA
The default base is 71000000. A Sleep call and LoadLibraryA. If you relocate this with the rebase tool to 30000000, you get:
.300A15D8: FF25ACF50F30 jmp d,[0300FF5AC] ; Sleep
.300A15DE: 90 nop
.300A15DF: 90 nop
.300A15E0: FF25B8F40F30 jmp d,[0300FF4B8] ; LoadLibraryA
As you can see, the address is corrected as well. Now what if we add a nop to the original sleep call:
.710A15D8: 90 nop
.710A15D9: FF25ACF50F71 jmp d,[0710FF5AC] ; Sleep
.710A15DF: 90 nop
.710A15E0: FF25B8F40F71 jmp d,[0710FF4B8] ; LoadLibraryA
The position of the address has changed. If you relocate this:
.300A15D8: 90 nop
.300A15D9: FF25ACF5CE71 jmp d,[071CEF5AC] ; ????????
.300A15DF: 90 nop
.300A15E0: FF25B8F40F30 jmp d,[0300FF4B8] ; LoadLibraryA
The address is corrupted. If you look closely at the bytes:
Original: 90 FF 25 AC F5 0F 71
Relocated: 90 FF 25 AC F5 CE 71
You see that 0F has changed to CE. Relocation from 71000000 to 30000000 is -41000000.
0F - 41 = CE. It changed the wrong byte. It should have changed 71: 71 - 41 = 30. But the relocation information still points to the same address, before the NOP was inserted.
Feb 28, 2007 - 01:43 AM
Joined: Jun 24, 2004
Posts: 97
Location: Philadelphia, PA
right in the dll, one could edit relocation table
anyway ur fix is safe
other fix, it to go back to the code and fix all the call from pushing wrong prams on stack
since thats what one would do if u recompiled the source
anyway.. we're way off topic, thats why i PMed it in the first place, thanks for the education
now back to msys-1.0 DLL
i downloaded yours and compaired it to my existing
its the same...
mine is from GCC4.1.1
Feb 28, 2007 - 10:10 AM
Joined: Apr 27, 2005
Posts: 73
Location: Netherlands
mitchjs wrote:
right in the dll, one could edit relocation table
now back to msys-1.0 DLL
i downloaded yours and compaired it to my existing
its the same...
mine is from GCC4.1.1
You mean it's *exactly* the same, or just apart from the rebase? The one online is rebased to 0x30000000, I just checked.
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Denon has been making A/V receivers for about as long as there have been A/V receivers, and it's rarely produced a bad one. The brand usually gleans more attention for its über-dollar high-end models than for the kind of high-value, midprice models that win the credit-card swipes of most buyers. But this new AVR- 991, with its suggested price under $1,000 and its rich feature set, may change that perception in a hurry.
The AVR-991 is, frankly, a fairly ordinary-looking receiver: two knobs, one display, and the usual plastic knockout panel concealing front-panel jacks instead of the hinged panel you'll find on many lux-ier models, including Denon's own. And it's a bit smaller, lighter, and simpler-looking than typical kilobuck receivers —pluses all, in my book.
Installation required no special skills, being, as is almost universally the case today, a mere matter of plugging in speaker, HDMI, and a few audio cables. (That said, like many midprice models, the Denon incorporates the cheaper type of multiway speaker outputs that do not fit standard half-inch-spacing dual-banana plugs, such as those on all of my speaker cables. File under "reviewer pet peeves.") Although the player doesn't decode DSD, I noted that it has no analog multichannel input for connecting an SACD player. Another small nail in the SACD coffin.
After hookup came calibration, and since the AVR-991 includes Audyssey MultEQ XT, this, too, was a simple matter of plugging in the supplied microphone and "playing" the auto-calibration routine as prompted by the graphical user interface. By now, MultEQ requires little review here. As usual, I found the sound demonstrably tighter in the bottom two octaves and a shade 'clearer" or "crisper" or something — without sounding "brighter" per se — in the upper mids. Nonetheless, in the interest of parity, I as usual did the bulk of my listening with Audyssey disengaged.
Since the Denon also incorporates Audyssey's DSX expanded-surround option, I hooked up my usual "height" speakers (small two-way on-walls). But the AVR-991 offers only seven channels of amplification and has no preamp outputs other than a subwoofer jack, so I couldn't find a way to simultaneously configure DSX with both its height and front-wide channels — Audyssey's preferred arrangement. Very odd, indeed.
Copyright © 2013 Bonnier Corp. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.


text:
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it's not you...it's the e-talking
You are not logged in.
...Albeit some time from now.
Pack your bags for the Big Chill everybody!
Tonight's the night folks! Their first Under The Covers show is today in Croatia! I'm eagerly awaiting the grainy Youtube footage of new visuals!
might have to attend that...
So what happened with this! I haven't seen even a grainy video of their performance!
Lo and behold! We have our first grainy footage from the show!
.....and when I say grainy, I mean GRAINY.
No new visuals though, just footage of an unknown track(?) followed by the visual of Variations. Keep on searchin!
Many thanks! I asked the poster of the video if he could ID the first track, but it's entirely possible that Variations was just the first track of the visual setlist and we'll never hear of that first one again.
that first track is obviously a remix of Puff Daddy's - Bad Boy For Live. Sounds a bit like a Crookers kinda style, maybe it will get ID'd later..
First track is Bad Boy Tonight by We Don't Belong In Pacha
They're playing Nirvana to end their set again!
What the hell was that first video recorded on, a Nokia?!
MMM - Nous Sommes MMM
Last edited by Champiness (2011-07-15 23:11:44)
Better yet they've added a bunch of new Under The Covers shows to the list since the last time I checked - one's tonight and there's another tomorrow! There should be loads of new videos (and new visuals!) coming in soon!
Last edited by Champiness (2011-07-15 23:36:16)
Keep me and my list of visuals in mind when you go! I'd love some quality footage of new stuff - or even better versions of existing stuff!
(Not to hamper your enjoyment of the show or anything... this is just my geek thing with them, archiving all their visuals)
Keep a lookout for this!
The Loops Of Fury - I Need
I had a feeling they'd do this one after they played it on that Sydney radio show! They even have pictures of The Supremes dancing along to it! Brilliant!
Went to lovebox, amazing set! Loads of new visuals - Erol alkans remix of the bay by metronomy, gangsters by the specials, girls and boys blur, Robin s show me love, Mumbai science lotus and some more I cant remember. A few hiccups at the start but a proper lively set, excellent stuff
I wish I hadn't already used my barrage of 's... or I would be doing an awful lot of them! Thanks for the scoop marketh!
(And - just to jog your memory - it seems like an awful lot of the songs in this set are appearing now as new visuals. Did they, by any chance, play "Jump 'N' Shout" by Basement Jaxx? I might faint if they did.)
Holy crap, they played Erol's Remix of Metronomy!?
I'm gonna be searching the hell out of Youtube today!
Yea great visual as well, from what I can remember (i was pretty mashed) they had various landmarks of the citys that he sings about at the start swoop through the screen, and then I cant remember what happens when it drops, I was going a bit crazy at that point:D
marketh you took my job you bastard!! there was no jump'n'shout but to add to that....(as i made a list on way home = ultimate geek) they alssso had i need obviously, the show me love visual turned into one of the acid tracks from the jack in the box hour which looked fucking insane live, plus 2 new ego troopers visuals (yes 2!),
bad boy tonight with the diddy visuals which looked amazing (also went into pacha on acid which i thought was vvvverrrry clever...) and a really cool version of once in a life time by talking heads...
aaaand bust em up which was a fucking awesome visual
and then finishing on love is in the air (let alone the mixing from out of space was awesome too)
i think thats all
Sounds freakin' awesome!! Ego Troopers visuals!?
I guessing they were for Polar and XOXOX?
Last edited by HiJackFB (2011-07-18 16:31:26)
Well we've got 16 seconds of the very end of the set!
The suspense is killing me!


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I loved this book and I learned a lot about cooking. Julia Child was definitely one of a kind. The "famous" cooking personalities today cannot hold a candle to her!
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1 Meetup Group matches "Documentary Films" near Santa Fe, NM
This Meetup is for members of the uPublic TV Producer's community. You should join if you're interested in producing media and content for Community Television in Albuquerque, and potentially distributed on the internet and other Community Television Stations Nationwide. We schedule training session on a broad variety of regular topics in order to prepare you for developing your own program. All producer's must attend the "Producer's Orientation Meeting" before registering for other classes. All …
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Student Supply Store, entrance
Date: |
1960 |
Description: |
Student Supply Store (Raleigh, N.C.)
Original Format: |
Black-and-white print (photograph) |
Rights: |
Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from North Carolina State University. For general information see the NCSU Libraries Special Collections Research Center website (http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/research). |


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Top Searches: Horoscopes | Salaries | Washam | Archives
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Drama, Musical
The motion-picture adaptation of the beloved global stage sensation seen by more than 60 million people in 42 countries and in 21 languages around the globe and still breaking box-office records everywhere in its 27th year. Set against the backdrop of 19th-century France,the film tells an enthralling story of broken dreams and unrequited love, passion, sacrifice and redemption - a timeless testament to the survival of the human spirit. Ex-prisoner Jean Valjean is hunted for decades by the ruthless policeman Javert after he breaks parole. When Valjean agrees to care for factory worker Fantine's young daughter, Cosette, their lives change forever. Rated PG-13 for suggestive and sexual material, violence and thematic elements.
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Directed by: Tom Hooper
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Running time: 2hr 37min
Opens: Dec 25, 2012 Nationwide


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Research Fellow, Institute of Zoology, London. Age: 37
Research Fellow, Institute of Zoology, London. Age: 37
Using the strongest molecular binding partnership in biology to separate different cell types
Isolating specific cell types from a mass of plant or animal tissue is laborious and tricky. To study epigenetic changes and genes that are expressed differently in different cell lineages—such as cancer cells versus normal cells, or the two types of
New research suggests that the flow of carbon through plants to underground ecosystems may be crucial to how the environment responds to climate change.
Getting the big picture means asking lots of little questions.
A young botanist pays tribute to his mentor by naming a newly discovered, rare species in his honor.
August 1, 2011
Meet some of the people featured in the August 2011 issue of The Scientist.
Gut bacteria may be the missing piece that explains the connection between diet and cancer risk.
Fisheries scientist ordered to refuse interviews about research on salmon decline.
A UK panel puts forth guidelines for research that use experimental animals harboring human cells and tissues.


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Illustration courtesy Heatherwick Studio
Published January 27, 2010
Most people wouldn't want to live within a stone's throw of a volcano. But the residents of Stockton-on-Tees in northeastern England may soon rely on their friendly neighborhood "peak" for green power.
With construction due to start in late 2010, a proposed tower of power (pictured above in a design by Heatherwick Architecture) would produce energy and heat for more than a hundred thousand homes, organizers say.
The volcano-shaped biomass station was designed to blend into the surrounding grasslands close to Middlehaven, a derelict former industrial area that is being "regenerated" into a community with striking architecture, said Matthew Day, project director for development at Bio Energy Investments.
Rather than building a small, inconspicuous station, Day said, "we thought, no, we're going to celebrate our power station and do something big and bold."
(Related: "High-Tech Energy "Oasis" to Bloom in the Desert?")
Palm kernel shells—waste from palm-oil plantations in Malaysia—would run the 279-foot-high (85-meter-high) biomass plant, ensuring that no existing agricultural land is switched to growing biofuels rather than food.
The waste shells would be delivered by ship to the riverside plant, reducing traffic on local roads.
The plant's entire operations—including fuel transportation from Malaysia—would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 80 percent as compared with running a coal-powered plant, Day said, and no black cloud of smoke would be visible from the "dead quiet" station. (Learn more about biofuels.)
Being so close to a residential area also has a key advantage: Waste heat thrown off during electricity generation can be captured and used to heat nearby houses. This would also be a step in creating lower-carbon communities, Day said, adding that local people have been extensively consulted for the project.
"What we're trying to do is put in a power station that is connecting with an urban area in a much more engaging way than trying to hide it and put it to the side," he said.
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Amid a decimated field of EV start-ups, Tesla Motors is riding high. But can its feats help take electric cars mainstream?
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Photographer David Doubilet photographs stingrays, sharks, and more.
Survival Guide: Dodging Locusts
Swarm behaviorist Iain Couzin has a toxic reaction to a locust at the same time his team runs out of food.
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The shale gas industry maintains that it protects drinking water and land. But mistrust has been sown in rural communities.
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PILOT MOUNTAIN — The Surry Runnin' Patriots girls basketball team edged out a close win over the Blue Ridge Panthers by a score of 49-42 on Tuesday at the Armfield Civic Center.
Surry Runnin' Patriots Coach Todd Hill said the team outscored the Panthers by a score of 15-3 in the first quarter then went into half-time tied 17-all.
Hill said the Patriot team did not "fill in the gaps" in the first half. He said later the Patriots made the kind of "reads" necessary to force the tempo in the ballgame against the Panthers and pull out the win.
The coach said the Pats did get into foul trouble in the third quarter. As a result, they brought in rotations from the bench, said Hill. The third quarter ended with the Patriots girls barely ahead of the Panthers by a score of 25-24.
Hill said, "We turned the defensive wick back up in the fourth, and we got up and down the floor."
The coach said spreading the offense out on the floor and getting to the rim helped bring the 24-point fourth-quarter high.
The Surry Runnin' Patriots top scorer was Sydney Bedsaul with 15 points.
Also for the Patriots, Jessica Boyd scored 12, Kaylee Paris 11, and Joye Harrison added six. Camille Fishel and Ashley Marshall each scored two. Emily Marshall had one.


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Quote:ROUND 10 1) A country in Africa that is totally landlocked 2) The Australian bushranger (outlaw), Ned Kelly, came from a big family. Name one of of his full-brothers or full-sisters (clue - the youngest of these siblings was born in 1865) 3) A main character (not the actor) of the British comedy series, Dad's Army. 4) a breed of domestic dog that begins with the letter D. 5) Airmen of many nationalities took part in the Battle of Britain. Name a nationality that was on the Allies side.
Quote:It is so easy to get things done just right when hubby is away.
Quote:Round 11...A cricketer who has scored a triple century in a Test match (and his score!).


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Information about cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, proton therapy, complementary medicine, and cutting edge technologies.
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Late Effects and Quality of Life after Pelvic Irradiation
Originally Published in the Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Nursing, April 1996 Reprinted here with permission from the editor Copyright © 1996 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Nursing Presented at the 13th Annual Symposium of the Society... |
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Talking with Your Radiation Therapy Team Some people with cancer want get deep into every aspect about their disease and their treatment. Others choose to concern themselves with only general information. The choice is yours, but there are a few... |
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During each treatment, radiation passes through the skin located in the treatment field. It is likely that there will be some reaction to the skin that will begin to occur during the second week of treatment. You may notice that your skin is red,... |
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IMRT Insider A publication from Varian Medical Systems designed to keep you informed of the progress in the developing field of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Cancer Patient Stories A series of patient stories of cancer patients brought... |
Dr. Tobey discusses some of the controversy surrounding breast cancer screening with mammography. Read more.
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Calcium Leucovorin, Citrovorum Factor, Folinic Acid
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Welcome to the AnimeFuel Community Forums, I'm the owner of this website Demon fox and lucky for you I'm not here to use my ninja skills on yah, plenty of time for that later I assure you. Instead I'll be telling you a little about this place.
As you should be able to tell by now you are not registered with us as of yet and probably need a good reason to do so. Between you and I we both know you're a lazy bastard and so if you don't even want to listen to the rest of my introduction speech you may as well just go register.
Otherwise here's what you can do on our forums once you've registered. When you register you will be able to chit chat in our forums, entertain yourself with games and share videos with other members. The forums allows you to get access to free downloads shared by members, fast and direct support with video problems from members and staff and make anime requests which are priortized above anyone else's.
There are many more things you can do but our aim is to bring together a community of video fans where you can feel comfortable and make lots of friends around the world. God knows you need them.
So get your butt over to the registration page and join my I mean OUR community. Oh and one more thing watch out for a crazy guy with a gun he's wandering around somewhere in these pages and you'll probably see him if you become really slack with the forum.
This message will self destruct once registration is completed.
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02-10-2010 | #1 |
Anime Fuel Hero
E3 Company List is up
The list for most of the developers and publishers that will be at the show has been posted online (Microsoft is actually absent from this list), which is schedualed to run June 15th-17th. Like the past 2 years I'll be bringing you all the best and biggest news from all the events, including details about the multiple major conferences from Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft, as well as surprise conferences if we have them again (Last year we had an additional 4 from EA games, Ubisoft, Konami and one other that I can't remember). Is there anything you're hoping to see at the show this year? Are there any companies that should give it up and give us somthing good for a change? Will Nintendo finally wow us again like they did when they revealed the Revolution (now Wii) ?
Last edited by quietchat; 02-12-2010 at 05:49 PM.. |
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02-10-2010 | #2 | ||||||||
Anime Fuel Veteran
Location: pittsburgh, PA
Age: 23
To be completely honest i wanna see more of this game i got a glimpse at on, i think it was joystick, whatever show that is on Spike TV, but it was a beautiful cinematic about the Earth preparing for battle with a menace from another planet...i feel stupid posting this cause i cant remember the name but i wanna see more news on it, the only thing i got was the cionematic and that the man behind resident evil is producing it
IF anyone knows what the hell im talking about, help me remember the name, its bothering the crap out of me!
Theres a reason to why this happened, just give me some time to figure it the f*** out! |
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02-12-2010 | #3 |
Anime Fuel Loyal Fan
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02-12-2010 | #4 | |||||||||
Anime Fuel Veteran
Location: pittsburgh, PA
Age: 23
Theres a reason to why this happened, just give me some time to figure it the f*** out! |
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02-12-2010 | #5 | ||||||||
Anime Fuel Veteran
Location: The Planet Char
Quiet I think I must read all your post before deciding what games to buy. Your a wealth of knowledge in that respect.
The advancement of any civalization can be measured by the society's worst criminals. |
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02-16-2010 | #6 |
Anime Fuel Loyal Fan
yeah glad to help, I can't wait for them to release more about this game.
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02-16-2010 | #7 | ||||||||
Anime Fuel Elder
Location: The oldest city in the world
Age: 23
I'd like to see some ATLUS action in there, and maybe a little bit of Square-Enix too
Last edited by wi_sam; 02-16-2010 at 07:54 PM.. |
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Sagittarius A* |
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Dec17-12, 06:16 AM | #1 |
Sagittarius A*
Reading through internet I came across that Sagittarius A*, located at the center of our galaxy, is the location of super massive black hole. On the other hand, Sagittarius A is located at the Sagittarius constellation. Where is the link? Thanks, -- Shounak |
Dec17-12, 10:06 AM | #2 |
Constellations are collections of stars and other objects that are at more or less the same inclination and declination. Distance is not a part of the equation. Example: The Andromeda galaxy lies within the Andromeda constellation. The only connection between that galaxy and the stars in our galaxy that comprise the constellation is that all of those objects lie in the same patch of sky from our Earthly perspective.
Similarly, the only connection between Sagittarius A and the stars that comprise the Sagittarius constellation is direction from our Earthly perspective. There is a connection between Sagittarius A and Sagittarius A*. All three features that comprise Sagittarius A, Sagittarius A East, Sagittarius A West, and Sagittarius A*, lie at the center of the galaxy. |
Dec17-12, 11:24 AM | #3 |
Like when I drive my car around and around a tree, the tree might be said to be located in a certain window of my car, just becasue that's where I always see it. But in fact, it's nowhere near my window at all.
Dec17-12, 12:47 PM | #4 |
Sagittarius A*
Ok. Thanks for all the help. Sagittarius A* contains the super massive black holes right?
-- Shounak |
Dec17-12, 12:53 PM | #5 |
One more thing. Galaxy is the super set and within that comes the stars right? So any galaxy G, should have constellations within G, right?
Dec17-12, 03:41 PM | #6 |
Dec17-12, 04:11 PM | #7 |
Shounakbhatta, you've piqued my curiosity with Saggitarius A*, I had no idea what it was till now, thanks. And the info I found says that teh black hole at the centre of our galaxy is just located pretty much where Saggitarius A* is.
Dec17-12, 07:29 PM | #8 |
you need to realise than when you look in the direction of Saggitarius, you are actually looking towards the centre of our galaxy.
that is the link :) We cannot optically "see" the centre of our galaxy from our location, as there is too much intervening dust and gas etc. but using infra-red scopes and radio telescopes we can "see" deep into that region Dave |
Dec17-12, 10:51 PM | #9 |
Hello P_I,
Sagittarius A*(Sgr A*) is the seat for a super massive black hole and it is at the heart of our Galaxy, the Milky Way. If I am not wrong, on October '2012, Sgr A* erupted. Source 2, S2 is the star, closest to Sgr A* and have been seen changing position, which gives the proof of the existence of a super massive black hole. |
Jan6-13, 07:06 PM | #10 |
The stellar motion of multiple stars around the ''center Black Hole" of our galaxy has been tracked for quite some time now (more than 10 years); a list is on the wiki site http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*. As an afternote, in the current day, we in this field consider that every galaxy hosts a super massive black hole (SMBH) at its center. But concerning the statement you used |
Jan7-13, 06:23 AM | #11 |
Hello Astrofan,
Thank you very much for informing. Does that mean, a BH or a SMBH has not actually been SIGHTED as yet? |
Jan7-13, 07:31 AM | #12 |
They are getting close though, refer to this article for a bit of info: (but don't take the whole thing too seriously, lots of it is still uncertain) http://www.sciencemag.org/content/ea...itversion=true |
Jan7-13, 10:47 AM | #13 |
Hello Astrofan,
Thank you for the reply. Yes, I also think in that way. We haven't viewed BH or SMBH, we are just speculating..... |
Jan7-13, 11:32 AM | #14 |
We will *never* see the black hole at the center of the galaxy; it's black. Everything we can see, including huge velocities of stars at periapsis, an accretion disc, infalling material, gravitational lensing, etc. is indirect. That does not mean it's speculation. There is surprisingly little stuff that we can "see" directly. |
Jan7-13, 12:19 PM | #15 |
Right, thanks.
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There are two important things to think about when you think about shirts. First and foremost, they must fit you. That means you should have them made for you, even if you are the guy they made the ready to wear pattern for (no rational man should be satisfied with the selection of fabrics and collar styles at his local retailer).
Made to measure and bespoke shirts are unique in the world of classic men's clothing in that they are available from a variety of sources for no more than the cost of comparable ready to wear shirts. Any man spending more than $75 apiece on ready to wear shirtings should immediately find himself a shirtmaker.
And that in turn leads to the other important thing to think about, which is how many shirts are required. At the low end, the size of an inventory is determined by the number of shirts worn each week, and how they are laundered. Men who send their shirts out to the laundry usually need a two week supply of shirts so half the inventory can be ready to wear while the other half is at the laundry.
In turn that leads to one of the rules about shirts. There should be more than one of each basic shirt, so there is one to wear that's appropriate for the occasion and season while the other shirt of that type is at the laundry.
Most shirting weaves are fine for year-round wear but some are strictly seasonal. Year-round fabrics include poplin, broadcloth and end on end. Warm weather fabrics, loosely woven to promote air circulation, include voile and linen. Twill, royal oxford, oxford and many herringbones are for cooler days.
But back to how many. In The Man's Book, Thomas Fink proposes that the number of shirts required for a purpose is equal to the square root of the number of days involved. That solves to 19 shirts for a 365 day year. Men can add sophistication to that number by dividing their local year into temperate, cold and hot periods. Count work days to calculate a work wardrobe comprised of spread, cutaway, point and tab collar shirts, and weekend and holiday days for a casual wardrobe. Buttondown collars are useful for casual hours because they stand up better without a necktie, or under a sweater. Round each number to the next highest integer and add them together. The total is your shirt requirement.
Men with wardrobes in excess of a couple dozen shirts can skip this exercise and use the time saved to ponder other mysteries of the universe.
Friday, January 26, 2007
How Many Shirts?
9 comments:
- Stephen said...
Hello. I've in the past paid more than $75 for a MTM shirt because I needed a new shirt for an interview. I am a student and time is at a premium; I also can't afford to take trips to meet shirt makers nor would have the time. I reside in atlanta do you know a shirt makers that are in atlanta or visit for business, if you do I could use their services? Do you offer any solutions since you think that is not wise?
- April 10, 2007 at 1:10:00 PM PDT
- Will said...
According to the itinerary on their web site, mycustomtailor will be at different Atlanta locations May 2-4 and then again on May 20-22. Prices range from $50 to $175 per shirt.
www.mycustomtailor.com - April 10, 2007 at 1:24:00 PM PDT
- Scott said...
I admit it. I'm a shirt junkie - my closet is bursting with shirts. I do need to do some thinning out and visit a custom shirtmaker.
Each time I look in my closet it reminds me of a scene from The Great Gatsby:
"He took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them one by one before us, shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel... shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple green and lavender and faint orange with monograms of Indian blue. Suddenly with a strained sound Daisy bent her head into the shirts and began to cry stormily.
"'They're such beautiful shirts,' she sobbed, her voice muffled in the thick folds. 'It makes me sad because I've never seen such--such beautiful shirts before'" - December 28, 2007 at 9:38:00 PM PST
- MajTJKingKong said...
I just found your blog and I love it.
I love the square root rule and I extend it a bit.
252 business days implies
Business Wardrobe:
16 shirts
8 suits (Half as many as shirts)
8 Odd Trousers
4 Sport Coats (you need one for each decade you are old or half as many as you have suits.)
24 Ties = sum of suits + shirts
(You might not always wear a tie with a sportcoat.)
3 Over coats
Black, Brown, Rain
2 Umbrellas (English Cane style)
Black, Green
2 Brief Cases
Black, Brown
6 pairs of Shoes (midpoint of suits and jackets)
2 Winter boots in black and brown
4 Laceups in Black and shades of brown and various patterns.
Weekend Wardrobe:
10 Shirts
1 Country suit
1 Black Tie Suit or Tux
1 Hacking Jacket or country Jacket
1 Overcoat/country jacket (I could be convinced of two, but one Barbour is fine)
country weekend shoes
1 Boot for work
1 garden boot of rubber
2 loafers in black and brown
1 water shoe
Great Blog! - March 28, 2008 at 10:25:00 AM PDT
- Roderick Mallia said...
Now that's what I call a detailed list, MajTJKingKong!
- April 1, 2008 at 12:48:00 AM PDT
- quantumcat3 said...
I may have missed something or the fellow who is off-duty has no need for pants. ;)
(Except with the tux)
How many jeans,flannels,khakis,jodphurs or wilderness-proof slacks might come in handy? - June 29, 2008 at 8:17:00 PM PDT
- Mike H. said...
Hi, may I ask for a proportional breakdown of the 16-19 shirts as you did for the excellent article on ties? What proportion of patterns should I strive for as a professional in a conservative industry? Does 50-30-20 (solid-stripes-checks) sound reasonable? What about the proportion of shirts that are white-based as opposed to other shades? Much gratitude from a devoted reader.
- July 30, 2008 at 3:08:00 PM PDT
- Will said...
-2 white as you won't normally wear them during the day
-2 ecru solid & semi-solid
-4 blue solid and semi-solid
-1 pink poplin or oxford
-6 stripes, including a blue banker's stripe and a maroon banker's stripe
-4 checks - July 30, 2008 at 3:28:00 PM PDT
- FIXED BAYONET METAL SOLDIERS said...
I have about a hundred Italian made shirts=far too many. I agree with 20. No more than that
- April 9, 2009 at 1:19:00 PM PDT


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The amazing people over at NaNoWriMo are running another summer camp starting August 1st.
I did not do so well in the June camp, but I have confidence August will be different. For one, the writing is coming easier now. And two, I am going to set myself an entirely reasonable goal.
(Don't worry, I'm all in for 50,000 words in November.)
Apparently 30,000 words was too much in June–I managed just under 22,000–I am averaging around 500 words a night this month–but that was free-writing with very little thought toward plot and character arcs. Now that I'm working on another novel with an eye to publication, I need to allow myself to progress more slowly. So I'm thinking 20,000 will be a decent challenge.
I wish everyone who is shooting for 50,000 the best of luck. I am looking forward to playing for real in November!