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Latest renewables news hot off the press - 7/05/2013
Tuesday, 07 May 2013 REM • Canada Loses WTO Appeal in Renewable Energy CaseVoice of America • UK Renewable Energy Growth In 2012 Clean Technica • Army to spur renewable energy with $7 billion contractFederal Times �...GE to install wind turbines with integrated battery storage
Friday, 03 May 2013 Robin WhitlockInvenergy will deploy three GE Brilliant 2.5-120 turbines with integrated battery software applications at its Mills County Wind Farm in Texas
DECC Public Attitudes Survey finds positive support for renewables
Thursday, 02 May 2013 Robin WhitlockThe survey found 68 percent of people in the UK supported deployment of wind turbines with only 11 percent opposed
Vestas wins order for 27 MW in Turbines for plants in Flanders, Belgium
Wednesday, 01 May 2013 REMVestas has received an order for 27 MW consisting of three units of the V112-3.0 MW and nine units of the V90-2.0 MW for wind power plants in Flanders, Belgium.
New £15 million fund launched to develop offshore wind turbine foundations
Wednesday, 01 May 2013 Robin WhitlockThe Scottish Innovative Foundation Technologies Fund has been launched to encourage the development of prototype foundations for water depths greater than 30 metres
First electricity generated by Teeside offshore wind farm
Tuesday, 30 April 2013 Robin WhitlockThe first large scale offshore wind farm in the North East of England region has now started to produce electricity as work continues towards completion of the project.
Canadian scientists develop new energy storage solution
Monday, 29 April 2013 Robin WhitlockInexpensive process uses rust as a catalyst for capturing energy from wind and solar through the electrolysis of water
Large, untapped, wind energy potential in British cities says study
Monday, 29 April 2013 Robin WhitlockA new study has mapped the wind energy potential of five city regions to show the best places for small to medium scale wind turbines.
ROMO Wind Raises New Capital
Friday, 26 April 2013 REM ROMO Wind, the Zug, Switzerland-based wind farm optimization company, has received an investment of €4.8 million from Yellow&Blue Investment Management, ABB Technology Ventures and b-to-v Partne...Court ruling on wind turbines misrepresented says Canadian wind company
Friday, 26 April 2013 Robin Whitlock The Ontario Superior Court of Justice has ruled that claims against wind farms and are possible as soon as projects receive approval, but wpd Canada says claims of a victory for protesters are a misch...


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Kissenger: virtual lips for long-distance lovers Singapore (AFP) July 23, 2012 Finding it hard to keep up the passion in a long-distance relationship? Help might be on the way. A robotics professor in Singapore has invented a gadget equipped with motion-sensitive electronic "lips" that allow amorous but absent couples to exchange long-distance smooches via the Internet. Shaped like a small head with oversize silicone lips, the "Kissenger" - short for Kiss Messenger - was unveiled in June at a scientific conference in Britain and is still being refined for commercial laun ... read more |
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NRL Brings Inertia of Space to Robotics Research The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Spacecraft Engineering Department's space robotics research facility recently took possession of a one-of-a-kind 75,000 pound Gravity Offset Table (GOT) made from ... more | .. |
NASA Conducts Mission Simulations In Hawaii NASA is conducting a nine-day field test starting Tuesday outside Hilo, Hawaii, to evaluate new exploration techniques for the surface of the moon. These mission simulations, known as analog mission ... more | .. |
Autonomous robot maps ship hulls for mines For years, the U.S. Navy has employed human divers, equipped with sonar cameras, to search for underwater mines attached to ship hulls. The Navy has also trained dolphins and sea lions to search for ... more | .. | ||
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Clemson researcher: humanizing computer aids affects trust, dependence Computerized aids that include person-like characteristics can influence trust and dependence among adults, according to a Clemson University researcher. A recently published study by Clemson ... more | .. |
NASA's Car-Sized Rover Nears Daring Landing on Mars NASA's most advanced planetary rover is on a precise course for an early August landing beside a Martian mountain to begin two years of unprecedented scientific detective work. However, getting the ... more | .. |
Developing Technologies For Living Off the Land...In Space Each spacecraft, crewed or robotic, encounters an extraordinary spectrum of vast resources throughout its journey. From the first space missions onward, space architects and scientists have consider ... more | .. |
NASA's Mars rover two weeks from landing NASA's Curiosity rover is on target to arrive on Mars on August 6 for a two-year mission to find out whether microbial life once existed on the Red Planet, the US space agency said Monday. ... more |
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Drought makes Borneo's trees flower at the same time CT detects twice as many lung cancers as X-ray at initial screening exam Researchers analyse the hunting behaviour of fish larvae in virtual reality Thinking 'big' may not be best approach to saving large-river fish Encouraging signs for bee biodiversity Massive Far East quake felt in Moscow, no casualties Source of life running out: water scientists | .. |
US sends sub drones over fears of Hormuz closure The United States has deployed a fleet of robot subs in the Gulf to prevent Iran from blocking the strategic Strait of Hormuz with mines in the event of a crisis, officials said Thursday. ... more | .. |
Researchers Create Highly Conductive and Elastic Conductors Using Silver Nanowires Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed highly conductive and elastic conductors made from silver nanoscale wires (nanowires). These elastic conductors can be used to develop ... more | .. |
Can robots improve patient care in the ICU? Remote presence robots are used in intensive care units (ICUs) to help critical care physicians supplement on-site patient visits and maintain more frequent patient interactions. Physicians wh ... more | .. |
NASA 3-D App Gives Public Ability to Experience Robotic Space Travel A NASA-created application that brings some of the agency's robotic spacecraft to life in 3-D now is available for free on the iPhone and iPad. Called Spacecraft 3D, the app uses animation to show h ... more |
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NASA Workshop Discusses How On-Orbit Robotic Satellite-Servicing Becomes Reality Envision a space with more options and increased capacity: a place where aging and ailing satellites could place a service call for a helpful boost to the right orbit, a quick repair, or a fuel top- ... more | .. |
Researchers Develop an Artificial Cerebellum than Enables Robotic Human-like Object Handling University of Granada researchers have developed an artificial cerebellum (a biologically-inspired adaptive microcircuit) that controls a robotic arm with human-like precision. The cerebellum is the ... more | .. |
Biomechanical legs are a giant step for robot-kind Scientists in the United States say they have made the world's most advanced pair of biomechanical legs, bringing the goal of human-friendly household robots a bit closer. ... more | .. |
Most accurate robotic legs mimic human walking gait A group of US researchers has produced a robotic set of legs which they believe is the first to fully model walking in a biologically accurate manner. The biological accuracy of this robot, which ha ... more |
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EADS sweetens KF-X offering Syria opposition demands 'goodwill gestures' from Assad Row on arming Syria rebels deeply divides EU Gunmen kill NATO driver in Pakistan: officials Frigid Heat: How Ice can Menace a Hot Engine Palestinian-Israeli peace deal 'still possible': Abbas Manila confirms boost to military spending | .. |
Muscle-like action allows camera to mimic human eye movement Using piezoelectric materials, researchers have replicated the muscle motion of the human eye to control camera systems in a way designed to improve the operation of robots. This new muscle-like act ... more | .. |
How do you turn 10 minutes of power into 200? Efficiency, efficiency, efficiency A robot that drives into an industrial disaster area and shuts off a valve leaking toxic steam might save lives. A robot that applies supervised autonomy to dexterously disarm a roadside bomb would ... more | .. |
Falling lizards use tail for mid-air twist, inspiring lizard-like 'RightingBot' Lizards, just like cats, have a knack for turning right side up and landing on their feet when they fall. But how do they do it? Unlike cats, which twist and bend their torsos to turn upright, lizar ... more | .. |
Getting a Feel for the Terrain It's a hot summer day, and your eyes spot an ice cream cart up ahead. Without even really thinking, you start walking that direction. Planetary scientists would like to give robots that kind of visu ... more |
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One Step Closer to Robotic Refueling Demonstrations on Space Station NASA completed another successful round of Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM) operations on the International Space Station with the Canadian Dextre robot and RRM tools, leaving the RRM module poised f ... more | .. |
Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience Wedding DJs everywhere should be worried about job security now that a new robot is on the scene. Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech's Center for Music Technology, recommends songs ... more | .. |
Google teaching computers to mimic human brain Google on Tuesday said it was dabbling with getting computers to simulate the learning process of the human brain as one of the unusual projects for researchers in its X Lab. ... more | .. |
UA scientists collaborate to gain understanding of self-cleaning gecko foot hair Imagine the money you'd save if you bought a roll of duct tape and could use it over and over again without having to toss it in the garbage after one use. Wall-climbing robots, bioadhesives or othe ... more |
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Tests lead to doubling of fuel cell life Renewables the light at the end of the power price tunnel Most Energy Execs Indicate Potential For US Energy Independence By 2030 Genscape Creates Largest Land and Sea Oil Supply Chain Monitoring Network European and US Cellulase Patents granted to Direvo Industrial Biotechnology Czech minister baulks at cost of nuclear plant bids Commodity markets spooked by Bernanke, China data | .. |
Robotics 101 - With NASA's Chris McQuin + Jaret Matthews When you hear the word "robot," you might think of Hollywood creations such as the Terminator, C-3PO or Megatron. Thankfully, the reality of current robotics isn't quite that sinister, emotional or ... more | .. |
Robots get a feel for the world at USC Viterbi What does a robot feel when it touches something? Little or nothing until now. But with the right sensors, actuators and software, robots can be given the sense of feel - or at least the ability to ... more | .. |
Robot 'finger' more sensitive than human's Researchers in California say a robot equipped with a sensor to mimic the human fingertip has a touch more sensitive than a human's. ... more | .. |
Pilotless US space plane lands after 469 days in orbit A pilotless space plane developed by the US Air Force has landed safely back on Earth after spending 469 days in orbit, officials said. ... more |
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Robot learns language through 'conversation' with people A robot analogous to a child between 6 and 14 months old can develop rudimentary linguistic skills through interaction with a human participant, as reported June 13 in the open access journal PLoS O ... more | .. |
Russian to fund personal robots quest A Russian entrepreneur says he hopes to speed up a robotics revolution by creating a $25 million investment fund in New York focused on personal robots. ... more | .. |
Secret U.S. space plane prepares to land A U.S. Air Force space plane in orbit for more than a year will come back to Earth this weekend, say officials who remained mum on the mission's purpose. ... more | .. |
Engineered robot interacts with live fish A bioinspired robot has provided the first experimental evidence that live zebrafish can be influenced by engineered robots. Results published in IOP Publishing's journal Bioinspiration and Biomimet ... more |
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Health Information
Hysterectomy: Types of Surgical Incisions
Topic Overview
Your surgeon will recommend one or more types of Reference hysterectomy Opens New Window (you may or may not have a choice, depending on your condition). An abdominal hysterectomy requires a larger incision. A vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomy uses small incisions.
Abdominal hysterectomy. Two types of surgical incisions are used for an abdominal hysterectomy.
- The midline incision is made from just below the belly button (umbilicus) straight down the abdomen to just above the pubic hairline.
- A transverse incision (bikini line) is made just above the pubic hairline.
Vaginal hysterectomy. During a vaginal hysterectomy, the incisions to remove the uterus are made on the inside of the vagina.
Laparoscopic hysterectomy. To allow insertion of a small viewing instrument (Reference laparoscope Opens New Window) and surgical instruments, small incisions are made in the abdomen.
The vaginal and laparoscopic techniques are sometimes combined.
By: | Reference Healthwise Staff | Last Revised: Reference January 9, 2012 |
Medical Review: | Reference Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine
Reference Kirtly Jones, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology |
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Reference Terms of Use. Reference How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.


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HHBHna mm mmwm VOL. 6, NO. 3 1246 University Ave., St. Paul 4, Minn. JANUARY, 1957 Safety Head, Assistant Patrol Chief Named Laws Sought on Safety, New Interstate Routes Harry A. Sieben of Hastings, Minnesota state liquor control commissioner for the past two years, is the new state director of highway safety. His appointment was announced January 4 by Commissioner Hoffmann. The commissioner at the same time announced the promotion of Captain Leo M. Smith of Rochester, to assistant chief of the Minnesota ighway patrol. • The appointment of Sieben, who was to assume his new duties later this month, fills the vacancy which has existed since the resignation of Earl M. Larimer October 15, 1956. Sieben rated highest in the civil service examination conducted for the appointment. Prior to his appointment by Governor Freeman as liquor control chief, Sieben held a number of business and governmental positions in the Twin Cities area, including that of state director of the federal Office of Price Stabilization from 1951 to 1953. In his liquor control post, Sieben has gained a wide acquaintanceship with local peace officers and county sheriffs throughout the state, a factor which will be of value in his state-wide promotion of highway safety through education and traffic law enforcement. Captain Smith, a 14-year veteran in the Highway patrol, has been stationed at Rochester since Sep- ^mber, 1954, when he was pro- loted from sergeant to captain. Previous to his appointment as a patrol officer in 1942, he was with (Continued on page 5) F. W. Thorstenson Is Chosen As New Hydraulics Engineer The Highway department has a new hydraulics engineer, Frederick W. Thorstenson of St. Paul, former assistant regional (hydraulic) engineer of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife service and a former employee of the department. Thorstenson, who assumed his new position December 17, succeeds Marvin E. Hermanson who in September was named assistant engineer of surveys and design, After his graduation from the Universitv of Minnesota as a civil engineer in 1937, Thorstenson worked for the Highway department for 18 months as a draftsman. He held various positions until 1946 when he became assistant regional engineer for the Fish and Wildlife service. In that capacity, he was in charge of technical engineering services for fish stations, refuges and federal aid programs in 11 states. This and previous employment has given him extensive experience and responsibility in hydraulic engineering. Thorstenson is a registered professional engineer in Minnesota and president this (Continued on page 4) Fred Thorstenson Steps to increase highway safety and to take full advantage of the recently enlarged program of federal aid for highways are major proposals of the Minnesota Highway department's recommendations to the 1957 State Legislature, which opened its session January 8. Other leading requests are for higher salaries for "all grades and classes" of department employees on a basis competitive with private industry and local governments, and to increase the size and training facilities of the state Highway patrol. Enabling legislation is recommended to supplement provisions of Constitutional Amendment No. 2, and to implement the expanded interstate highway program, particularly as to the establishment of new interstate routes and necessary connections to existing trunk highways and for the control of access on the interstate system and on other important highways. After two years' use of a system of "absolute" speed limits for designated sections of the rural trunk highways, as authorized by the 1955 Legislature, Commissioner Hoffmann has recommended to the 1957 Legislature that it review and amend the statutes relating to speed regulation to "remove the existing confusion." Posting of different sections of the highways for "absolute" and prima facie speed limits "is highly confusing to most drivers and of little benefit in improving driver performance," he said. Minimum Limit Sought He also asked authority to zone for minimum speed limits on the basis that minimum speed regulations have proved beneficial on (Continued on page 6)
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With England boss Stuart Lancaster watching in the stands, the persistent rain made it an attritional game as Nick Evans kicked all of Quins' points, with his ninth penalty being the last kick of the game to deny Northampton a losing bonus point.
Quins had the edge up front, with Northampton's lineout malfunctioning and in Mike Brown, the visitors had the safest hands on the pitch as he took every up-and-under launched at him.
Northampton's points came through two penalties from Stephen Myler and one from Ryan Lamb.
But they will be ruing a first-half Ben Foden try being ruled out for a forward pass, which replays showed was wrongly called by the touch judge.
Harlequins' front row asserted their extra muscle early on, driving Northampton back 10 metres at the first scrum to earn a penalty, which Evans slotted to give the champions a fourth-minute lead.
Quins were winning the early territory battle on a surprisingly good pitch considering all the rain, but Evans missed his second kick. Myler made him pay immediately afterwards by evening up the scores.
Foden thought he had scored the opening try of the game but the touch judge ruled George Pisi's slap pass to the full-back was forward.
Replays on the big screen seemed to show it was not and the home crowd let their disapproval be known. Referee Wayne Barnes did not go to the TMO either as he had already stopped following the play.
To compound Saints' misery Myler missed a straight forward penalty soon after and Evans added three points from a similar position to make it 6-3 after 29 minutes. Three minutes later Saints turned down a shot at the posts from 40m and kicked to the corner only to see the attack come to nothing.
Six minutes before half-time, Saints kicked another gettable penalty to the corner only to see George Robson steal the lineout.
With incessant rain making handling problematic a tremendous catch under pressure from Brown allowed Nick Easter to sprint from one 22 to another only for wing Jamie Elliott to gather his chip over the last tackler and a penalty ended the promising Quins break.
A 15m break from James Johnston forced a silly penalty out of Paul Doran Jones, but Evans saw his kick slide wide.
Quins were keeping the game in Saints' half, but with 25 minutes to go prop James Johnston was sin-binned trying to kill a Saints break by lying on the ball on halfway.
Soane Tonga'uiha had turned the ball over in his 22 to inspire the break. Joe Marler was lucky not to get another yellow when he killed the ball in his 22. Saints this time decided to kick for the posts and Myler made it 6-6.
Despite having the extra man the home side made little impression and two Foden errors cost them dear.
First, the England back dallied fielding a kick and was penalised for holding on to allow Evans to put Quins back into the lead.
The 27-year-old then spilled an up-and-under and a fifth penalty from Evans with seven minutes to go saw the home fans start to spill out of the ground.
Ryan Lamb came on to add a penalty as Saints decided against going for a try five metres from the line, but Evans denied them even a point.
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Dont know where, when or how I got it, but I got it. This is the cover of a small 6 page brochure I own from IMS. Inside is an article telling about the history of the track and the two middle pages show all the winners of the race
Dont know where, when or how I got it, but I got it. This is the cover of a small 6 page brochure I own from IMS. Inside is an article telling about the history of the track and the two middle pages show all the winners of the race
This is the back cover of the same brochure.
Do people still send mail to IMS?
Looks like my moms handwriting in lower right corner BTW. Looks like she was planning a trip trying to figure how much it would cost
Last edited by KevMcNJ; 09-11-2009 at 07:37 AM.
Originally Posted by sneva33
That is very definately one SWEET ride. I would give my left butt cheek to see 33 of these beauties take the green on a bright sunny day in May. I was born just a bit too late! (1963).
Here's some action from Michigan.
Mears and Unser:
Andretti and Mears:
Ferguson and Brayton:
Dickson and Lazier:
Dickson and Andretti:
Johncock and Andretti:
Dennis Firestone and his Eagle, 1982.
I hope that's a caution lap, because that corner worker is standing ON THE TRACK.Originally Posted by Ovalmeister
I hate to be a snot here, but what I was refering to in the picture of the "Ken Paul" is that the car isn't really the real winner. It is made up of spare parts from other cars and presented as the original Ken Paul Spl.
It has been pretty well documented as a "representative creation".
But it still is a purty ride!
"Doc, just set them fingers sose I can hold the wheel"
James Hurtubise, June, 1964
I'm afraid that you will need to up the ante...Originally Posted by Ovalmeister
Oval, your birth year was my first year at Indy.
Ken-Paul Special trivia: There was no company or sponsor by the name of Ken-Paul. The Ken and Paul were the first names of the two co-owners.
Ken Rich and Paul Lacy?
Ignorant men marvel at extraordinary things. Intelligent men admire simple things.
Ovalmeister, that's one of my fondest memories as a teenager in the 50s before I went into the USAF and the early 60s after I returned. I definitely count it as one of the blessings of my longevity, and I'm sure other OFs on here agree with me.
Originally Posted by Doctorindy
Yes Doctorindy, they were under caution for the Pancho Carter crash:
Originally Posted by flatlander_48
Hi flatlander,
I can't give up both butt cheeks, the wife owns the right cheek! She almost has the left side paid off as well.
IndyDog, you should change your name to LUCKYdog!Originally Posted by IndyDog
You are definately lucky to have witnessed the best era at Indy. (my humble opinion obviously).Originally Posted by indybigjohn
Without looking it up, how many drivers can you name?
OK, you can cheat here: http://indy500.tjs-labs.com/index
Front half:
Back half:
Interesting... same cars, very different side pod profiles.Originally Posted by Ovalmeister
"Promote what you love instead of bashing what you hate."
2012 Indianapolis 500 Photo Gallery
2011 Indianapolis 500 photo gallery
All of 'em. Just look up the 1988 starting grid.Originally Posted by Ovalmeister
The Ayn Rand of Indycar
No one had to badge the Offy.
yes...Originally Posted by cbreez99
those two were known as some of THE best partiers ever at INDY.
After the race rumors had it that a rental car wound up in a swimming pool.
One of the two (which one I cannot remember) killed hisself while piloting his private plane inneberiated... ineberiat...... drunk.
Ahhhhh, the days when true sportsman owned cars and raced them for fun and bragging rights...not money.
The traffic jam getting into the Speedway post WWII. Oh that midwest farmland!
Of course you mean the BCV Eagle 81 as modified by John Buttera and Ronnie Capps. Who knows the third partner's name?Dennis Firestone and his Eagle, 1982.
not Count Rudy Vanstratten. I just figured V...
Last edited by cbreez99; 09-11-2009 at 06:44 PM. Reason: error
Geez, I guess you better like the guy who is driving next t youOriginally Posted by cbreez99
Ok, back to more cars.
Ed Pimm missed the show in '88 in Elmer Fields' car.
The '88 March/Porsche
Scott Pruett's '91 Truesports/Judd


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Kastanienallee 5, Berlin, Germany
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Internet: | Wired Internet, Wi-Fi Internet connection |
Important information & conditions: | Unless otherwise indicated, the charges below are not included in the overall room price. If not included in the overall room price, they will be charged by the property at check-in or check-out. Charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book. This property told us they will charge you for the following:Cleaning fee: EUR 35 per accommodation, per week for housekeeping We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book. - No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property. |
Cancellation policy: | You can change or cancel this deal free of charge up to 192 hours before your check-in date. Please take into account that the check-in date starts at 00:00 (local time). In case of cancellation up to 30 days prior to arrival 0% of total rent If you cancel less than 30 days before arrival 30% of total rent If you cancel less than 8 days before arrival 50% of total rent |
Please provide this reference number to our customer service center representative on request, so we can help you better


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HAUS DER MUSIK is a working museum. It has its own programme of events for children and adults and is a platform for cultural events in co-operation with its partners.
Like its exhibits and installations, HAUS DER MUSIK also bridges the gap between tradition and innovation with its event calendar. Its exhibits invite visitors to actively take part, play music, experiment and make new discoveries.
Please see our event calendar for performance dates and more detailed information.
As a supplement, the events at HAUS DER MUSIK give the audience and primarily national and international artists a platform for exciting live performances.
The glass-covered inner courtyard or the concert hall on the top floor both provide the ideal setting for these concerts.
Tickets are available at the ticket counter on the ground floor, daily from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m.
HAUS DER MUSIK wishes you happy listening!


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Many people who are looking to switch energy providers may consider an option that uses renewable sources to provide cheap energy, as there is said to be a large demand for green options.
Energy suppliers in the UK saw their profitability fall during the last three months, according to a new study from Ofgem.
A decision by Co-operative Energy to cut its gas and electricity prices could provide much needed relief for its customers and herald a wider round of tariff reductions.
Ofgem has welcomed a move by energy supplier Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE) to offer compensation to any consumers who were mis-sold deals in the belief they were getting a cheap electricity and gas tariff.
People may consider performing an energy comparison to see if they can find a cheap gas and electricity deal upon hearing that one supplier has announced a price cut.
The government needs to be doing more to help customers find cheap electricity by encouraging the use of renewable energy sources as alternatives to fossil fuels.
A growing number of famous faces have offered their support to a campaign to help vulnerable elderly people get cheap energy.
Energy supplier EDF has welcomed the publication of new reforms to the UK's electricity market that should help drive investment in low-carbon technology and secure the country's future supply.
Individuals who have recently switched their energy supplier to Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE) may be interested to hear the firm is to implement a guarantee to counter any mis-selling.
People in Scotland who are looking for cheap electricity deals may be tempted to take advantage of a government scheme to make their homes more environmentally friendly.
A large number of people may find performing an energy comparison to cut their bills could help them pay for their Christmas celebrations.
Individuals looking to switch energy tariffs in order to find a cheap gas deal have been reminded of the importance of ensuring their abodes are well insulated.
People who are looking to compare energy tariffs in order to find a cheap electricity deal may be pleased to hear the impact of green measures on bills may have been overstated.
Many older individuals may feel the need to perform an energy comparison in order to find a cheap gas deal, as rising fuel bills are still a serious issue for this group.
Many families who are looking to compare gas and electricity deals could find there are several other steps they can take to cut their energy bills.
Many people may consider opting for a renewable energy deal when they compare electricity providers in order to find a cheaper tariff.
People who are looking to switch energy tariffs in order to get a better deal have been advised to make sure their heating systems are turned on even if their property will be empty this Christmas.


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Tiger needs taming
Tiger Woods must install a new coach in order to end his slump, Ross McFarlane told Sky Sports News.
Ross McFarlane believes Tiger Woods is in desperate need of a new coach to help him overcome his alarming slump in form. The 14-time major champion carded a dismal score of 18-over par at the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational to finish 78th in the 80-man field, his worst performance since turning professional in 1997. Woods - who had won the tournament for the last four years and seven times in the previous decade - looked a shadow of his former self at the Firestone Country Club.
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Any player whose presence at the first training session of a new season prompts a turn-out in excess.
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Read more...Drogba: I'm afraid of nothing
His country's captain and primary source of goals, Didier Drogba has already won his first battle.
Read more...


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Anything that is a contradiction in terms is self extinguishing.
Married bachelors, square circles, invisible pink unicorns and other paradoxical things that lead to nonsensical results, make language worthless for expressing truth. There is no point if everything is true and everything is false. It is only good for insane clown trolls to use to cause confusion.


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Customer Reviews for Atomic SV1 Contour Snorkel: See the top 20 most helpful scuba gear reviews
Average Customer Review: based on 2 reviews. Rating: SV1 snorkel Reviewer: wayne d., - View all my reviews Very good snorkel. Stylish design at a good price. Scrubber valve does keep water out Did this Review help? Yes No 29 out of 57 people found this review helpful. Rating: Atomic SV1 snorkel. Reviewer: Robert H., Excellent snorkel for free diving. Purge valve makes it easy to remove water from barrel with one puff. No water enters mouth. Can adjust in three directions for perfect fit. Robert, San Jose, CA. Did this Review help? Yes No 124 out of 237 people found this review helpful.
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Our experience seems to have been very similar to that of celiah h. We were also give a shabby room up five flights of stairs with no lifts in the hotel and we are both over 60 too, though they couldn't have known that beforehand, of course. Also, they don't seem used to the idea of people arriving by plane... More
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Originally posted by Robstar
F*** off b-mcYes...Yes...Let the hate of B-Mac flow through you...Originally posted by K2Jelly
Fuck you, B-Mac.
"What was dat honey? Oh dat was da dragon screw leg whip!" -Dusty Rhodes on commentary during Rey Mysterio jr. vs. Eddie Guerrero at Halloween Havoc '96
After years of shrugging it off, Cena's beginning to get annoyed by his haters.
© 2011 eWrestlingNews, All Rights Reserved.


text:
10/1 Cubs lineup
The Cubs open the last homestand and series of the season on Monday night at Wrigley Field, facing the Astros, who are playing their last series as a National League team.
This is the Cubs' first regular season October home games since the 2009 season. They are 33-27 (.550) in 60 regular season October contests at Wrigley Field. The Cubs last played regular season games in October to close out the 2010 campaign, winning two-of-three at Houston, Oct. 1-3.
Here's tonight's lineup:
DeJesus CF
Sappelt RF
Rizzo 1B
Soriano LF
Castro SS
Valbuena 3B
Castillo C
Barney 2B
Berken P
– Carrie Muskat
5 Comments
Oh my! The bears-cowboys on t.v. at same time. What to do -what to do. Well, I think I will watch Cutler pitch against Romo.
Play off and world series games rule. We can still see Cubs play-Rhan Flaherty-Dempster and Soto-Paul Maholm and Reed Johnson-Sean Marshall-Theriot and Nady-Tom Gorzelany and Tracy and Mark DeRosa-Larry Rothschild. And others. Look for our Cubs in the stands and Theo schmoozing at the cocktail parties. If he catches another g.m. drunk maybe he can make another Ian Stewart deal.


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Spam (electronic)
It has been suggested that spam in blogs be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2012. |
Spam is the use of electronic messaging systems to send unsolicited bulk messages, especially advertising, indiscriminately. While the most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media.
Spamming remains economically viable because advertisers have no operating costs beyond the management of their mailing lists, and it is difficult to hold senders accountable for their mass mailings. Because the barrier to entry is so low, spammers are numerous, and the volume of unsolicited mail has become very high. In the year 2011, the estimated figure for spam messages is around seven trillion. The costs, such as lost productivity and fraud, are borne by the public and by Internet service providers, which have been forced to add extra capacity to cope with the deluge. Spamming has been the subject of legislation in many jurisdictions.[1]
A person who creates electronic spam is called a spammer.[2]
Contents |
In different media [edit]
E-mail [edit]
Spam sent by email is usually meant when it is mentioned outside a specific context. Email has more possibilities for exploitation than other media, since the whole message is compiled along with metadata by the sender's computer. The majority of modern email services attempt to filter incoming messages and identify spam.
Instant messaging [edit]
Instant messaging spam makes use of instant messaging systems. Although less ubiquitous than its e-mail counterpart, according to a report from Ferris Research, 500 million spam IMs were sent in 2003, twice the level of 2002. As instant messaging tends to not be blocked by firewalls, it is an especially useful channel for spammers. This is very common on many instant messaging systems such as Skype.
Newsgroup and forum [edit]
Newsgroup spam's a type of spam where the targets are Usenet newsgroups. Spamming of Usenet newsgroups actually pre-dates e-mail spam. Usenet convention defines spamming as excessive multiple posting, that is, the repeated posting of a message (or substantially similar messages). The prevalence of Usenet spam led to the development of the Breidbart Index as an objective measure of a message's "spamminess".
Forum spam is the creating of messages that are advertisements on Internet forums. It is generally done by automated spambots. Most forum spam consists of links to external sites, with the dual goals of increasing search engine visibility in highly competitive areas such as weight loss, pharmaceuticals, gambling, pornography, real estate or loans, and generating more traffic for these commercial websites. Some of these links contain code to track the spambot's identity; if a sale goes through, when the spammer behind the spambot works on commission.
Mobile phone [edit]
Mobile phone spam is directed at the text messaging service of a mobile phone. This can be especially irritating to customers not only for the inconvenience but also because of the fee they may be charged per text message received in some markets. The term "SpaSMS" was coined at the adnews website Adland in 2000 to describe spam SMS. To comply with CAN-SPAM regulations, now SMS messages have to have the options of HELP and STOP, the latter to end communication with the advertising spam altogether.
Social networking spam [edit]
Facebook and Twitter are not immune to messages containing spam links. Most insidiously, spammers hack into accounts and send false links under the guise of a user's trusted contacts such as friends and family.[3] As for Twitter, spammers gain credibility by following verified accounts such as that of Lady Gaga; when that account owner follows the spammer back, it legitimizes the spammer and allows him or her to proliferate.[4]
Social spam [edit]
Spreading beyond the centrally managed social networking platforms, user-generated content increasingly appears on business, government, and nonprofit websites worldwide. Fake accounts and comments planted by computers programmed to issue social spam can infiltrate these websites. Well-meaning and malicious human users can break websites' policies by submitting profanity, insults, hate speech, and violent messages.
Online game messaging [edit]
Many online games allow players to contact each other via player-to-player messaging, chat rooms, or public discussion areas. What qualifies as spam varies from game to game, but usually this term applies to all forms of message flooding, violating the terms of service contract for the website. This is particularly common in MMORPGs where the spammers are trying to sell game-related "items" for real-world money, chiefly among these items is in-game currency. It is also considered spam for a user in an MMO to flood the chat box with irrelevant, or nonsensical messages for the sole purpose of annoying other players.
Spam targeting search engines (spamdexing) [edit]
Spamdexing (a blend of spamming and indexing) refers to a practice on the World Wide Web of modifying HTML pages to increase the chances of them being placed high on search engine relevancy lists. These sites use "black hat search engine optimization (SEO) techniques" to deliberately manipulate their rank in search engines. Many modern search engines modified their search algorithms to try to exclude web pages utilizing spamdexing tactics. For example, the search bots will detect repeated keywords as spamming by using a grammar analysis. If a website owner is found to have spammed the webpage to falsely increase its page rank, the website may be penalized by search engines.
Blog, wiki, and guestbook [edit]
Blog spam, or "blam" for short, is spamming on weblogs. In 2003, this type of spam took advantage of the open nature of comments in the blogging software Movable Type by repeatedly placing comments to various blog posts that provided nothing more than a link to the spammer's commercial web site.[5] Similar attacks are often performed against wikis and guestbooks, both of which accept user contributions. Another possible form of spam in blogs is the spamming of a certain tag on websites such as Tumblr.
Spam targeting video sharing sites [edit]
Video sharing sites, such as YouTube, are now being frequently targeted by spammers. The most common technique involves people (or spambots) posting links to sites, most likely pornographic or dealing with online dating, on the comments section of random videos or people's profiles. Another frequently used technique is using bots to post messages on random users' profiles to a spam account's channel page, along with enticing text and images, usually of a sexually suggestive nature. These pages may include their own or other users' videos, again often suggestive. The main purpose of these accounts is to draw people to their link in the home page section of their profile. YouTube has blocked the posting of such links. In addition, YouTube has implemented a CAPTCHA system that makes rapid posting of repeated comments much more difficult than before, because of abuse in the past by mass-spammers who would flood people's profiles with thousands of repetitive comments.
Yet another kind is actual video spam,[6] giving the uploaded movie a name and description with a popular figure or event which is likely to draw attention, or within the video has a certain image timed to come up as the video's thumbnail image to mislead the viewer, such as a still image from a feature film, purporting to be a part-by-part piece of a movie being pirated, e.g. Big Buck Bunny Full Movie Online - Part 1/10 HD, a link to a supposed keygen or an ISO file for a video game, or similar. The actual content of the video ends up being totally unrelated, a Rickroll, sometimes offensive, or just features on-screen text of a link to the site being promoted.[7] In some cases, the link in question may lead to an online survey site, a passworded archive file, or in extreme cases, malware.[8] Others may upload videos presented in an infomercial-like format selling their product which feature actors and paid testimonials, though the promoted product or service is of dubious quality and would likely not pass the scrutiny of a standards and practices department at a television station or cable network.
SPIT [edit]
SPIT (SPam over Internet Telephony) is VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) spam, usually using SIP (Session Initiation Protocol).
Academic Search [edit]
Academic Search Engines enable researchers to find academic literature and are used to obtain citation data for calculating performance metrics such as the H-index and impact factor. Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley and OvGU demonstrated that most (web-based) academic search engines, especially Google Scholar, are not capable of identifying spam attacks.[9] The researchers manipulated the citation counts of articles, and managed to make Google Scholar index complete fake articles, some containing advertising.[9]
Noncommercial forms [edit]
E-mail and other forms of spamming have been used for purposes other than advertisements. Many early Usenet spams were religious or political. Serdar Argic, for instance, spammed Usenet with historical revisionist screeds. A number of evangelists have spammed Usenet and e-mail media with preaching messages. A growing number of criminals are also using spam to perpetrate various sorts of fraud.[10]
Geographical origins [edit]
A 2011 Cisco Systems report shows spam volume originating from countries worldwide.[11]
Rank | Country | Percentage of spam volume |
1 | India | 13.9 |
2 | Russia | 9.0 |
3 | Vietnam | 7.9 |
4 (tie) | South Korea | 6.0 |
4 (tie) | Finland | 6.0 |
6 | China | 4.7 |
7 | Brazil | 4.5 |
8 | United States | 3.2 |
History [edit]
Pre-Internet [edit]
In the late 19th Century Western Union allowed telegraphic messages on its network to be sent to multiple destinations. The first recorded instance of a mass unsolicited commercial telegram is from May 1864.[12] Up until the Great Depression, wealthy North American residents would be deluged with nebulous investment offers. This problem never fully emerged in Europe to the degree that it did in the Americas, because telegraphy was regulated by national post offices in the European region.
Etymology [edit]
This section may contain original research. (October 2012) |
Spam (spiced ham) is canned meat made by the Hormel Foods Corporation, first introduced in 1937. In 1970 the BBC television comedy series Monty Python's Flying Circus ran a sketch based on a café which could supply no other food than Spam. According to the Internet Society and other sources, the term spam for Internet abuses came into use in reference to this sketch.[13]
In the 1980s the term was adopted to describe certain abusive users who frequented BBSs and MUDs, who would repeat "Spam" a huge number of times to scroll other users' text off the screen. In early chat rooms services like PeopleLink and the early days of Online America (later known as America Online or AOL), they actually flooded the screen with quotes from the Monty Python Spam sketch.[citation needed] With internet connections over phone lines, typically running at 1200 or even 300 bit/s, it could take an enormous amount of time for a spammy logo, drawn in ASCII art to scroll to completion on a viewer's terminal. Sending an irritating, large, meaningless block of text in this way was called spamming. This was used as a tactic by insiders of a group that wanted to drive newcomers out of the room so the usual conversation could continue. It was also used to prevent members of rival groups from chatting. This act, previously called flooding or trashing, came to be known as spamming.[14] The term was soon applied to a large amount of text broadcast by many users.
It later came to be used on Usenet to mean excessive multiple posting—the repeated posting of the same message. The unwanted message would appear in many if not all newsgroups, just as Spam appeared in nearly all the menu items in the Monty Python sketch. The first usage of this sense was by Joel Furr[15] in the aftermath of the ARMM incident of March 31, 1993, in which a piece of experimental software released dozens of recursive messages onto the news.admin.policy newsgroup.[16] This use had also become established—to spam Usenet was flooding newsgroups with junk messages. The word was also attributed to the flood of "Make Money Fast" messages that clogged many newsgroups during the 1990s.[citation needed] In 1998, the New Oxford Dictionary of English, which had previously only defined "spam" in relation to the trademarked food product, added a second definition to its entry for "spam": "Irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of newsgroups or users."[17]
History of Internet spam [edit]
The earliest documented spam (although the term had not yet been coined[18]) was a message advertising the availability of a new model of Digital Equipment Corporation computers sent by Gary Thuerk to 393 recipients on ARPANET in 1978.[15] Rather than send a separate message to each person, which was the standard practice at the time, he had an assistant, Carl Gartley, write a single mass e-mail. Reaction from the net community was fiercely negative, but the spam did generate some sales.[19][20]
Spamming had been practiced as a prank by participants in multi-user dungeon games, to fill their rivals' accounts with unwanted electronic junk.[20] The first known electronic chain letter, titled Make Money Fast, was released in 1988.
The first major commercial spam incident started on March 5, 1994, when a husband and wife team of lawyers, Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel, began using bulk Usenet posting to advertise immigration law services. The incident was commonly termed the "Green Card spam", after the subject line of the postings. Defiant in the face of widespread condemnation, the attorneys claimed their detractors were hypocrites or "zealouts", claimed they had a free speech right to send unwanted commercial messages, and labeled their opponents "anti-commerce radicals." The couple wrote a controversial book entitled How to Make a Fortune on the Information Superhighway.[20]
Arguably, the aggressive email spamming by a number of high-profile spammers such as Sanford Wallace of Cyber Promotions in the mid-to-late 1990s contributed to making spam predominantly an email phenomenon in the public mind.[citation needed] By 2009, the majority of spam sent around the world was in the English language. Since then, spammers began using automatic translation services to send spam in other languages.[21]
Trademark issues [edit]
Hormel Foods Corporation, the maker of Spam luncheon meat, does not object to the Internet use of the term "spamming". However, they did ask that the capitalized version "SPAM" be reserved to refer to their product and trademark.[22] By and large, this request is obeyed in forums which discuss spam. In Hormel Foods v SpamArrest, Hormel attempted to assert its trademark rights against SpamArrest, a software company, from using the mark "spam", since Hormel owns the trademark. In a dilution claim, Hormel argued that Spam Arrest's use of the term "spam" had endangered and damaged "substantial goodwill and good reputation" in connection with its trademarked lunch meat and related products. Hormel also asserts that Spam Arrest's name so closely resembles its luncheon meat that the public might become confused, or might think that Hormel endorses Spam Arrest's products.
Hormel did not prevail. Attorney Derek Newman responded on behalf of Spam Arrest: "Spam has become ubiquitous throughout the world to describe unsolicited commercial e-mail. No company can claim trademark rights on a generic term." Hormel stated on its website: "Ultimately, we are trying to avoid the day when the consuming public asks, 'Why would Hormel Foods name its product after junk email?".[23]
Hormel also made two attempts that were dismissed in 2005 to revoke the marks "SPAMBUSTER"[24] and Spam Cube.[25] Hormel's Corporate Attorney Melanie J. Neumann also sent SpamCop's Julian Haight a letter on August 27, 1999 requesting that he delete an objectionable image (a can of Hormel's Spam luncheon meat product in a trash can), change references to UCE spam to all lower case letters, and confirm his agreement to do so.[26]
In 2007 Hormel permitted anti-(electronic) spam organisation Spamhaus to register their name as a trademark.[27]
Cost-benefit analysis [edit]
The European Union's Internal Market Commission estimated in 2001 that "junk e-mail" cost Internet users €10 billion per year worldwide.[28] The California legislature found that spam cost United States organizations alone more than $13 billion in 2007, including lost productivity and the additional equipment, software, and manpower needed to combat the problem.[29] Spam's direct effects include the consumption of computer and network resources, and the cost in human time and attention of dismissing unwanted messages.[30] Large companies who are frequent spam targets utilize numerous techniques to detect and prevent spam.[31]
In addition, spam has costs stemming from the kinds of spam messages sent, from the ways spammers send them, and from the arms race between spammers and those who try to stop or control spam. In addition, there are the opportunity cost of those who forgo the use of spam-afflicted systems. There are the direct costs, as well as the indirect costs borne by the victims—both those related to the spamming itself, and to other crimes that usually accompany it, such as financial theft, identity theft, data and intellectual property theft, virus and other malware infection, child pornography, fraud, and deceptive marketing.
The cost to providers of search engines is not insignificant: "The secondary consequence of spamming is that search engine indexes are inundated with useless pages, increasing the cost of each processed query".[2] The methods of spammers are likewise costly. Because spamming contravenes the vast majority of ISPs' acceptable-use policies, most spammers have for many years gone to some trouble to conceal the origins of their spam. E-mail, Usenet, and instant-message spam are often sent through insecure proxy servers belonging to unwilling third parties. Spammers frequently use false names, addresses, phone numbers, and other contact information to set up "disposable" accounts at various Internet service providers. In some cases, they have used falsified or stolen credit card numbers to pay for these accounts. This allows them to quickly move from one account to the next as each one is discovered and shut down by the host ISPs.
The costs of spam also include the collateral costs of the struggle between spammers and the administrators and users of the media threatened by spamming.[32] Many users are bothered by spam because it impinges upon the amount of time they spend reading their e-mail. Many also find the content of spam frequently offensive, in that pornography is one of the most frequently advertised products. Spammers send their spam largely indiscriminately, so pornographic ads may show up in a work place e-mail inbox—or a child's, the latter of which is illegal in many jurisdictions. Recently, there has been a noticeable increase in spam advertising websites that contain child pornography.[citation needed]
Some spammers argue that most of these costs could potentially be alleviated by having spammers reimburse ISPs and persons for their material.[citation needed] There are three problems with this logic: first, the rate of reimbursement they could credibly budget is not nearly high enough to pay the direct costs[citation needed], second, the human cost (lost mail, lost time, and lost opportunities) is basically unrecoverable, and third, spammers often use stolen bank accounts and credit cards to finance their operations, and would conceivably do so to pay off any fines imposed.
E-mail spam exemplifies a tragedy of the commons: spammers use resources (both physical and human), without bearing the entire cost of those resources. In fact, spammers commonly do not bear the cost at all. This raises the costs for everyone. In some ways spam is even a potential threat to the entire e-mail system, as operated in the past. Since e-mail is so cheap to send, a tiny number of spammers can saturate the Internet with junk mail. Although only a tiny percentage of their targets are motivated to purchase their products (or fall victim to their scams), the low cost may provide a sufficient conversion rate to keep the spamming alive. Furthermore, even though spam appears not to be economically viable as a way for a reputable company to do business, it suffices for professional spammers to convince a tiny proportion of gullible advertisers that it is viable for those spammers to stay in business. Finally, new spammers go into business every day, and the low costs allow a single spammer to do a lot of harm before finally realizing that the business is not profitable.
Some companies and groups "rank" spammers; spammers who make the news are sometimes referred to by these rankings.[33][34] The secretive nature of spamming operations makes it difficult to determine how proliferated an individual spammer is, thus making the spammer hard to track, block or avoid. Also, spammers may target different networks to different extents, depending on how successful they are at attacking the target. Thus considerable resources are employed to actually measure the amount of spam generated by a single person or group. For example, victims that use common anti-spam hardware, software or services provide opportunities for such tracking. Nevertheless, such rankings should be taken with a grain of salt.
General costs [edit]
In all cases listed above, including both commercial and non-commercial, "spam happens" because of a positive cost-benefit analysis result if the cost to recipients is excluded as an externality the spammer can avoid paying.
Cost is the combination of
- Overhead: The costs and overhead of electronic spamming include bandwidth, developing or acquiring an email/wiki/blog spam tool, taking over or acquiring a host/zombie, etc.
- Transaction cost: The incremental cost of contacting each additional recipient once a method of spamming is constructed, multiplied by the number of recipients. (see CAPTCHA as a method of increasing transaction costs)
- Risks: Chance and severity of legal and/or public reactions, including damages and punitive damages
- Damage: Impact on the community and/or communication channels being spammed (see Newsgroup spam)
Benefit is the total expected profit from spam, which may include any combination of the commercial and non-commercial reasons listed above. It is normally linear, based on the incremental benefit of reaching each additional spam recipient, combined with the conversion rate. The conversion rate for botnet-generated spam has recently been measured to be around one in 12,000,000 for pharmaceutical spam and one in 200,000 for infection sites as used by the Storm botnet.[35] They specifically say in the paper "After 26 days, and almost 350 million e-mail messages, only 28 sales resulted".
In crime [edit]
Spam can be used to spread computer viruses, trojan horses or other malicious software. The objective may be identity theft, or worse (e.g., advance fee fraud). Some spam attempts to capitalize on human greed whilst other attempts to use the victims' inexperience with computer technology to trick them (e.g., phishing). On May 31, 2007, one of the world's most prolific spammers, Robert Alan Soloway, was arrested by U.S. authorities.[36] Described as one of the top ten spammers in the world, Soloway was charged with 35 criminal counts, including mail fraud, wire fraud, e-mail fraud, aggravated identity theft and money laundering.[36] Prosecutors allege that Soloway used millions of "zombie" computers to distribute spam during 2003.[citation needed] This is the first case in which U.S. prosecutors used identity theft laws to prosecute a spammer for taking over someone else's Internet domain name.[citation needed]
In an attempt to assess potential legal and technical strategies for stopping illegal spam, a study from the University of California, San Diego, and the University of California, Berkeley, "Click Trajectories: End-to-End Analysis of the Spam Value Chain" (PDF), cataloged three months of online spam data and researched website naming and hosting infrastructures. The study concluded that: 1) half of all spam programs have their domains and servers distributed over just 8% or fewer of the total available hosting registrars and Autonomous Systems. Overall, 80% of spam programs are distributed over just 20% of all registrars and Autonomous Systems; 2) of the 76 purchases for which the researchers received transaction information, there were only 13 distinct banks acting as credit card acquirers and only three banks provided the payment servicing for 95% of the spam-advertised goods in the study; and, 3) a "financial blacklist" of banking entities that do business with spammers would dramatically reduce monetization of unwanted emails. Moreover, this blacklist could be updated far more rapidly than spammers could acquire new banking resources, an asymmetry favoring anti-spam efforts.[37]
Political issues [edit]
Spamming remains a hot discussion topic. In 2004, the seized Porsche of an indicted spammer was advertised on the Internet;[38] this revealed the extent of the financial rewards available to those who are willing to commit duplicitous acts online. However, some of the possible means used to stop spamming may lead to other side effects, such as increased government control over the Internet, loss of privacy, barriers to free expression, and the commercialization of e-mail.[citation needed]
One of the chief values favored by many long-time Internet users and experts, as well as by many members of the public, is the free exchange of ideas. Many have valued the relative anarchy of the Internet, and bridle at the idea of restrictions placed upon it.[citation needed] A common refrain from spam-fighters is that spamming itself abridges the historical freedom of the Internet, by attempting to force users to carry the costs of material which they would not choose.[citation needed]
An ongoing concern expressed by parties such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the American Civil Liberties Union has to do with so-called "stealth blocking", a term for ISPs employing aggressive spam blocking without their users' knowledge. These groups' concern is that ISPs or technicians seeking to reduce spam-related costs may select tools which (either through error or design) also block non-spam e-mail from sites seen as "spam-friendly". Spam Prevention Early Warning System (SPEWS) is a common target of these criticisms. Few object to the existence of these tools; it is their use in filtering the mail of users who are not informed of their use which draws fire.[citation needed]
Some see spam-blocking tools as a threat to free expression—and laws against spamming as an untoward precedent for regulation or taxation of e-mail and the Internet at large. Even though it is possible in some jurisdictions to treat some spam as unlawful merely by applying existing laws against trespass and conversion, some laws specifically targeting spam have been proposed. In 2004, United States passed the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 which provided ISPs with tools to combat spam. This act allowed Yahoo! to successfully sue Eric Head, reportedly one of the biggest spammers in the world, who settled the lawsuit for several thousand U.S. dollars in June 2004. But the law is criticized by many for not being effective enough. Indeed, the law was supported by some spammers and organizations which support spamming, and opposed by many in the anti-spam community. Examples of effective anti-abuse laws that respect free speech rights include those in the U.S. against unsolicited faxes and phone calls, and those in Australia and a few U.S. states against spam.[citation needed]
In November 2004, Lycos Europe released a screen saver called make LOVE not SPAM which made Distributed Denial of Service attacks on the spammers themselves. It met with a large amount of controversy and the initiative ended in December 2004.[39][40][41]
Court cases [edit]
United States [edit]
Sanford Wallace and Cyber Promotions were the target of a string of lawsuits, many of which were settled out of court, up through the famous 1998 Earthlink settlement[citation needed]which put Cyber Promotions out of business. Attorney Laurence Canter was disbarred by the Tennessee Supreme Court in 1997 for sending prodigious amounts of spam advertising his immigration law practice. In 2005, Jason Smathers, a former America Online employee, pled guilty to charges of violating the CAN-SPAM Act. In 2003, he sold a list of approximately 93 million AOL subscriber e-mail addresses to Sean Dunaway who, in turn, sold the list to spammers.[42][43]
In 2007, Robert Soloway lost a case in a federal court against the operator of a small Oklahoma-based Internet service provider who accused him of spamming. U.S. Judge Ralph G. Thompson granted a motion by plaintiff Robert Braver for a default judgment and permanent injunction against him. The judgment includes a statutory damages award of $10,075,000 under Oklahoma law.[44]
In June 2007, two men were convicted of eight counts stemming from sending millions of e-mail spam messages that included hardcore pornographic images. Jeffrey A. Kilbride, 41, of Venice, California was sentenced to six years in prison, and James R. Schaffer, 41, of Paradise Valley, Arizona, was sentenced to 63 months. In addition, the two were fined $100,000, ordered to pay $77,500 in restitution to AOL, and ordered to forfeit more than $1.1 million, the amount of illegal proceeds from their spamming operation.[45] The charges included conspiracy, fraud, money laundering, and transportation of obscene materials. The trial, which began on June 5, was the first to include charges under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, according to a release from the Department of Justice. The specific law that prosecutors used under the CAN-Spam Act was designed to crack down on the transmission of pornography in spam.[46]
In 2005, Scott J. Filary and Donald E. Townsend of Tampa, Florida were sued by Florida Attorney General Charlie Crist for violating the Florida Electronic Mail Communications Act.[47] The two spammers were required to pay $50,000 USD to cover the costs of investigation by the state of Florida, and a $1.1 million penalty if spamming were to continue, the $50,000 was not paid, or the financial statements provided were found to be inaccurate. The spamming operation was successfully shut down.[48]
Edna Fiedler, 44, of Olympia, Washington, on June 25, 2008, pleaded guilty in a Tacoma court and was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment and 5 years of supervised release or probation in an Internet $1 million "Nigerian check scam." She conspired to commit bank, wire and mail fraud, against US citizens, specifically using Internet by having had an accomplice who shipped counterfeit checks and money orders to her from Lagos, Nigeria, last November. Fiedler shipped out $ 609,000 fake check and money orders when arrested and prepared to send additional $ 1.1 million counterfeit materials. Also, the U.S. Postal Service recently intercepted counterfeit checks, lottery tickets and eBay overpayment schemes with a face value of $2.1 billion.[49][50]
In a 2009 opinion, Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc., 575 F.3d 1040, the Ninth Circuit assessed the standing requirements necessary for a private plaintiff to bring a civil cause of action against spam senders under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, as well as the scope of the CAN-SPAM Act's federal preemption clause.[51]
United Kingdom [edit]
In the first successful case of its kind, Nigel Roberts from the Channel Islands won £270 against Media Logistics UK who sent junk e-mails to his personal account.[52]
In January 2007, a Sheriff Court in Scotland awarded Mr. Gordon Dick £750 (the then maximum sum which could be awarded in a Small Claim action) plus expenses of £618.66, a total of £1368.66 against Transcom Internet Services Ltd.[53] for breaching anti-spam laws.[54] Transcom had been legally represented at earlier hearings but were not represented at the proof, so Gordon Dick got his decree by default. It is the largest amount awarded in compensation in the United Kingdom since Roberts -v- Media Logistics case in 2005 above, but it is not known if Mr. Dick ever received anything. (An image of Media Logistics' cheque is shown on Roberts' website[55]) Both Roberts and Dick are well known figures in the British Internet industry for other things. Dick is currently Interim Chairman of Nominet UK (the manager of .UK and .CO.UK) while Roberts is CEO of CHANNELISLES.NET (manager of .GG and .JE).
Despite the statutory tort that is created by the Regulations implementing the EC Directive, few other people have followed their example. As the Courts engage in active case management, such cases would probably now be expected to be settled by mediation and payment of nominal damages.
New Zealand [edit]
In October 2008, a vast international internet spam operation run from New Zealand was cited by American authorities as one of the world's largest, and for a time responsible for up to a third of all unwanted emails. In a statement the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) named Christchurch's Lance Atkinson as one of the principals of the operation. New Zealand's Internal Affairs announced it had lodged a $200,000 claim in the High Court against Atkinson and his brother Shane Atkinson and courier Roland Smits, after raids in Christchurch. This marked the first prosecution since the Unsolicited Electronic Messages Act (UEMA) was passed in September 2007. The FTC said it had received more than three million complaints about spam messages connected to this operation, and estimated that it may be responsible for sending billions of illegal spam messages. The US District Court froze the defendants' assets to preserve them for consumer redress pending trial.[56] U.S. co-defendant Jody Smith forfeited more than $800,000 and faces up to five years in prison for charges to which he pled guilty.[57]
Bulgaria [edit]
While most countries either outlaw or at least ignore spam, Bulgaria is the first and until now only one to legalize it. According to the Bulgarian E-Commerce act[58] (Чл.5,6) anyone can send spam to mailboxes published as owned by a company or organization, as long as there is a "clear and straight indication that the message is unsolicited commercial email" ("да осигури ясното и недвусмислено разпознаване на търговското съобщение като непоискано") in the message body.
This made lawsuits against Bulgarian ISP's and public e-mail providers with antispam policy possible, as they are obstructing legal commerce activity and thus violate Bulgarian antitrust acts. While there are no such lawsuits until now, several cases of spam obstruction are currently awaiting decision in the Bulgarian Antitrust Commission (Комисия за защита на конкуренцията) and can end with serious fines for the ISP's in question.
The law contains other dubious provisions — for example, the creation of a nationwide public electronic register of email addresses that do not want to receive spam.[59] It is usually abused as the perfect source for e-mail address harvesting, because publishing invalid or incorrect information in such a register is a criminal offense in Bulgaria.
Newsgroups [edit]
See also [edit]
References [edit]
Notes [edit]
- ^ The Spamhaus Project - The Definition Of Spam
- ^ a b Gyongyi, Zoltan; Garcia-Molina, Hector (2005). "Web spam taxonomy". Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web (AIRWeb), 2005 in The 14th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2005) May 10, (Tue)-14 (Sat), 2005, Nippon Convention Center (Makuhari Messe), Chiba, Japan. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press. ISBN 1-59593-046-9 More than one of
, and|author-link=
specified (help) - ^ "Marketers need to build trust as spam hits social networks", Grace Bello, Direct Marketing News, June 1, 2012
- ^ Understanding and Combating Link Farming in the Twitter Social Network, Max Planck Centre for Computer Science
- ^ The (Evil) Genius of Comment Spammers - Wired Magazine, March 2004
- ^ "'New Moon' Full Movie Available – Online Scam - Softpedia". Softpedia. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ Fabrício Benevenuto, Tiago Rodrigues, Virgílio Almeida, Jussara Almeida and Marcos Gonçalves. Detecting Spammers and Content Promoters in Online Video Social Networks. In ACM SIGIR Conference, Boston, MA, USA, July 2009.[dead link].
- ^ "Toy Story 3 movie scam warning". Retrieved 23 January 2012. Text "Web User magazine" ignored (help)
- ^ a b Joeran Beel and Bela Gipp. Academic search engine spam and google scholar's resilience against it. Journal of Electronic Publishing, 13(3), December 2010. PDF
- ^ See: Advance fee fraud
- ^ Cisco 2011 Annual Security Report (PDF)
- ^ "Getting the message, at last". The Economist. 2007-12-14.
- ^ "RFC 2635 - DON\x27T SPEW A Set of Guidelines for Mass Unsolicited Mailings and Postings (spam*):". Retrieved 2010-09-29.
- ^ Spamming? (rec.games.mud) - Google Groups USENET archive, 1990-09-26
- ^ a b At 30, Spam Going Nowhere Soon - Interviews with Gary Thuerk and Joel Furr
- ^ Darren Waters (31 march 2008). "Spam blights e-mail 15 years on". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
- ^ "Oxford dictionary adds Net terms" on News.com
- ^ Zeller, Tom (1 June 2003). "Ideas & Trends; Spamology". The New York Times.
- ^ Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978
- ^ a b c Tom Abate (May 3, 2008). "A very unhappy birthday to spam, age 30". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ Danchev, Dancho. "Spammers go multilingual, use automatic translation services." ZDNet. July 28, 2009. Retrieved on August 31, 2009.
- ^ "SPAM® Brand and the Internet". spam.com. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
- ^ Hormel Foods v SpamArrest, Motion for Summary Judgment, Redacted Version (PDF)
- ^ Hormel Foods Corpn v Antilles Landscape Investments NV (2005) EWHC 13 (Ch)[dead link]
- ^ "Hormel Foods Corporation v. Spam Cube, Inc". United States Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
- ^ Letter from Hormel's Corporate Attorney Melanie J. Neumann to SpamCop's Julian Haight
- ^ ClickZ: Hormel OKs Spamhaus' Trademark
- ^ "Data protection: "Junk" e-mail costs internet users 10 billion a year worldwide - Commission study"
- ^ California business and professions code
- ^ Spam Cost Calculator: Calculate enterprise spam cost?
- ^ Shuman Ghosemajumder (18 March 2008). "Using data to help prevent fraud". Google Blog. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
- ^ Thank the Spammers - William R. James 2003-03-10
- ^ Spamhaus' "TOP 10 spam service ISPs"
- ^ The 10 Worst ROKSO Spammers
- ^ Kanich, C.; C. Kreibich, K. Levchenko, B. Enright, G. Voelker, V. Paxson and S. Savage (2008-10-28). "Spamalytics: An Empirical Analysis of Spam Marketing Conversion" (PDF). Proceedings of Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS). Alexandria, VA, USA. Retrieved 2008-11-05.
- ^ a b Alleged 'Seattle Spammer' arrested - CNET News.com
- ^ "Click Trajectories: End-to-End Analysis of the Spam Value Chain". Journalist's Resource.org.
- ^ timewarner.com
- ^ Screensaver tackles spam websites BBC News Online. 29 November 2004
- ^ Anti-spam plan overwhelms sites BBC News Online. 2 December 2004
- ^ Anti-spam screensaver scrapped BBC News Online. 6 December 2004
- ^ U.S. v Jason Smathers and Sean Dunaway, amended complaint, US District Court for the Southern District of New York (2003). Retrieved 7 March 2007, from "?". thesmokinggun.com.
- ^ Ex-AOL employee pleads guilty in spam case. (2005, February 4). CNN. Retrieved 7 March 2007, from "Ex-AOL employee pleads guilty in spam case". CNN.com. February 5, 2005. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^ Braver v. Newport Internet Marketing Corporation et al. -U.S. District Court - Western District of Oklahoma (Oklahoma City), 2005-02-22
- ^ "Two Men Sentenced for Running International Pornographic Spamming Business". United States Department of Justice. October 12, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ Gaudin, Sharon, Two Men Convicted Of Spamming Pornography InformationWeek, June 26, 2007
- ^ "Crist Announces First Case Under Florida Anti-Spam Law". Office of the Florida Attorney General. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ "Crist: Judgment Ends Duo's Illegal Spam, Internet Operations". Office of the Florida Attorney General. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ "Woman gets prison for 'Nigerian' scam". upi.com.
- ^ "Woman Gets Two Years for Aiding Nigerian Internet Check Scam (PC World)". yahoo.com.[dead link]
- ^ Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc., 575 F.3d 1040 (9th Cir. 2009).
- ^ "Businessman wins e-mail spam case". BBC News. 27 December 2005. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ Gordon Dick v Transcom Internet Service Ltd.
- ^ Article 13-Unsolicited communications
- ^ website
- ^ "Kiwi spam network was 'world's biggest'". Stuff.co.nz. 16 October 2008. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ Court Orders Australia-based Leader of International Spam Network to Pay $15.15 Million
- ^ Регистър на юридическите лица, които не желаят да получават непоискани търговски съобщения
Sources [edit]
- Specter, Michael (2007-08-06). "Damn Spam". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Further reading [edit]
- Sjouwerman, Stu; Posluns, Jeffrey, "Inside the spam cartel: trade secrets from the dark side", Elsevier/Syngress; 1st edition, November 27, 2004. ISBN 978-1-932266-86-3
- Brown, Bruce Cameron "How to stop e-mail spam, spyware, malware, computer viruses, and hackers from ruining your computer" Atlantic Publishing Group, 2011. ISBN 978-1-601383-03-7
- Dunne, Robert "Computers and the law: an introduction to basic legal principles and their application in cyberspace" Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-521886-50-5
External links [edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Electronic spam |
- Spamtrackers SpamWiki: a peer-reviewed spam information and analysis resource.
- Federal Trade Commission page with spam reduction tips and reporting
- Slamming Spamming Resource on Spam
- Why am I getting all this spam? CDT
- Cybertelecom:: Federal spam law and policy
- Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978 Overview and text of the first known internet email spam.
- Malware City - The Spam Omelette BitDefender's weekly report on spam trends and techniques.
- 1 December 2009: arrest of a major spammer
- Anti-Spam Consumer Resources and Information


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Services: Gladys Natterstad
Gladys Natterstad, 95, of Jackson, died Saturday, Sept. 22, 2012 at her daughter's home in Minneapolis.
Gladys Natterstad, 95, of Jackson, died Saturday, Sept. 22, 2012 at her daughter's home in Minneapolis.
Visitation will be from 12:30 to 2 p.m. Saturday at Bethany Lutheran Church, Bergen.
The service will be at 2 p.m. Saturday at Bethany Lutheran Church with the Rev. Jim Wrenn officiating. Burial will be at Bethany Lutheran Cemetery.
Osterberg Funeral Home, Jackson, is in charge of arrangements.
Tags: gladys natterstad, obituaries
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Superstorm Sandy Didn't Sack High School Football Team
By Mike Pesca
Originally published on Mon November 12, 2012 4:43 am
The city of Long Beach, on Long Island's Nassau County was one of the hardest hit by Hurricane Sandy, with entire neighborhoods ravaged by floods and wind. It seemed unlikely that the high school's football team would get to finish its season. But the Long Beach Marines saw action over the weekend.


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Keep Off The Grass/It's A Trap
7-inch (Item 542483) Ru-Jac/Tramp (Germany), 1971 — Condition: New Copy
Rare early 70s funky soul from Dynamic Corvettes! "Keep Off The Grass" has a gritty drums backdrop and soulful lead vocals – but it's the killer organ grooves that make this one something else! The organ has this whirling, carnivalesque funky vibe to it. Cool stuff! "It's A Trap" has more guitar and clattering percussion, another great track that has something of a psych soul feel! © 1996-2013, Dusty Groove, Inc. |
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A. Customer has to call the customer care number and book a servicing. The concerned authorized service center will send their technician to the ...morecustomer's house for servicing. less
Q. What is the type of Warranty ?
A. Within warranty period, Whirlpool Authorized Service Centers will repair or replace any defective part, if required, to rectify the problem.
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The Whirlpool SPIN601 is a top loading machine, which requires you to load your clothes through the top of the device. You can load your clothes comfortably as the optimal height of the machine eliminates the need to bend, making it convenient for you. This washing machine comes with a wash tub capacity of 6 kg per load enabling you to wash a substantial amount of clothes.
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This SuperWash SPIN601 washing machine by Whirlpool employs the Impeller washing method that results in effective washing and cleaning. The Impeller built in the machine rotates in all directions moving your laundry along with it. This rotatory movement of the impeller ensures that your clothes rub against each other for a better washing performance.Taking utmost care of your laundry needs, this washing machine supports 2 wash programs, Normal and Delicate. You can choose the program modes depending on your cloth type and fabric as the washing machine provides different mechanical actions accordingly, to ensure that your clothes don't tear and deteriorate.
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Service Type | Customer has to call the customer care number and book a servicing. The concerned authorized service center will send their technician to the customer's house for servicing. |
Not Covered in Warranty | All the Rubber and Plastic components |
Covered in Warranty | All the Electrical components |
Domestic Term | 2 Years |
Warranty Type | Within warranty period, Whirlpool Authorized Service Centers will repair or replace any defective part, if required, to rectify the problem. |
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Nite Ize Nite Dawg Disc Dog Frisbee - Blue
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Never Did Light
This is the only item I've ordered here that has disappointed. The disc material reminds me of toys I've seen at dollar stores. The frisbee never did light up. I could get it to light for a few seconds at a time & then it'd go off. Disappointing purchase.


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Office of the Legislative Fiscal Analyst
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Perfect for ceremonial use or for display, this lovely handcrafted pastel porcelain Chalice with grapes in raised relief and matching paten with wheat in raised relief in the center can be used for any service during the season of Lent. The set has a unique glaze of varying shades of pastel colors woven throughout that will complement any church, home, or occasion. Each piece is handmade; no two pieces are exactly alike; chalice is 7 1/2" in. tall with 20 oz. capacity; paten is 7 1/2 in. diameter. This Set is also available in Green.
Take a moment to look at our selection of Communion Linens, Communionware, and Communion Breads and Accessories.Investigate these resources: The Igniting Worship Series--Communion, and Conflict and Communion.Click here to discover alternative options for serving Communion wafers.Care Tips. . . This product is dishwasher safe, microwave safe, oven safe, and completely lead-free.
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Blogger Angie McGowan of Eclectic Recipes shares a veggie-filled French-style lasagna. Learn to make this recipe with our how-to article.
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Jan 19th, 2012, 12:48:28 AM | #1 |
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Wi-Fi Tournaments Rules
Wi-Fi Tournament Applications: OPEN
Welcome to the Wi-Fi Tournaments Forum! This thread is required reading for those of you interested in hosting or joining a tournament. It will have everything you need to know to be a successful tournamentgoer. It's important that you know all the rules because there are repercussions to not following them. Take a few minutes to read through this so that never happens to you. Hosting The first thing you need to do when you are looking to host a wi-fi tournament is getting approval from a Wi-Fi Forum Moderator. Here are the steps necessary to follow in order to get your tournament approved.
There are a number of responsibilities placed on the host to ensure a tournament will be successful. Failure to adhere to any of the rules will result in a warning and being banned from hosting future tournaments on Smogon. Here is a list of requirements you will need to fulfill while you are hosting your tournament.
If you are playing in a tournament you also have a set of rules to follow. Failure to comply with the rules will result in a warning. Repeat offenders will be in danger of being banned from playing in tournaments. Here is a list of responsibilities you have as a player in a tournament.
Tournament Directors (Wi-Fi) (but you can send wi-fi tournament applications to any Wi-Fi forum moderator) Ditto Banned from creating a tournament list Flub Deucalion2 Sikh Assassin L E A V E1 Kirby23 moi Cynthia Itchni Setrack Banned from joining a tournament list EeveeTrainer Viodox Flub Dagger CLegacyM Biglsworth Setrack Asuya Sosuke We hope this guide helps you if and when you host or join a tournament in the future on Smogon. If there is anything that does not make sense, feel more than free to contact a Tournament Director or a Wi-Fi Moderator. You can send a PM through the Smogon PM system, or join us on IRC. You'll more than likely find at least one of us. Thank you, The Tournament Directors and Wi-Fi Staff
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