text:
Here are trick-or-treat dates and hours across the county as reported to the Tribune.
Oct. 25
Beaver Center 6 to 8 p.m.
Blooming Valley 6 to 7 p.m. (overseen by volunteer fire department)
Cambridge Springs 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Cambridge Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Cochranton 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Conneaut Lake Borough 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Conneautville 6 to 7 p.m.
Cussewago Township 6 to 8 p.m.
East Fairfield Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
East Mead Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Fairfield Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Greenwood Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Hayfield Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Hydetown 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Linesville 6 to 8 p.m.
Meadville 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Pine Township 6 to 8 p.m.
Randolph Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Richmond Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Rockdale Township 6 to 7:30
Sadsbury Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Saegertown 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Spring Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Summerhill Township 6 to 7 p.m.
Summit Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Titusville 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Townville 6 to 7 p.m.
Union Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Venango Borough 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Vernon Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Wayne Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
West Fallowfield 5:30 to 7 p.m.
West Mead Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Woodcock Township 6 to 7:30 p.m.
Oct. 31
Bloomfield Township 6 to 8 p.m.
South Shenango Township 4 to 7 p.m.
North Shenango Township 5:30 to 8:30 p.m.
Local News
Thursday is big trick-or-treat night across county
- Local News
Master Gardeners lead charge to get park planted
The flowers at Mary B. DeArment Memorial Park don't just spring up out of the ground.
The year-round maintenance of Penn State Master Gardeners of Crawford County and additional volunteers ensures a colorful welcome to Meadville, according to members who spent their Saturday morning in the group's culminating effort, its annual DeArment Park Planting. - 5/18/13 SLIDESHOW: DeArment Park Planting
Technology speeds disaster alerts, response
Caitria O'Neill remembers her reaction to hearing tornado warnings on June 1, 2011. She went to the grocery store and said, "because I live in Massachusetts, and we don't get tornadoes."
Primary could decide Vernon supervisors spot
With three Republican candidates running for nomination and no opposing Democrats, the race for a spot on the Vernon Township Board of Supervisors could be decided this spring.
Communication key in keeping public safe during disaster
When bad weather is closing in on Crawford County, communication is key in keeping the public safe, according to Allen Clark, director of Emergency Management for the Crawford County Office of Emergency Services.
- NEW LOCAL: Canadian earthquake doesn't shake northwest Pennsylvania much
State special ed funding formula flawed
A shortfall in state special education funding may be draining Crawford County school districts of $2.3 million per year in funding that could be used to teach other children.
Crawford Central residents to nominate four from both parties
Residents of Crawford Central School District will vote to nominate four candidates from each party to fill four four-year terms on Crawford Central School Board during the upcoming primary election. When the November general election rolls around, however, there will be five slots to fill.
Mayor, two council seats are up for election in Meadville
In accordance with Pennsylvania's Optional Third Class City Charter Law, under which the City of Meadville operates, city council consists of five members, including the mayor, elected at large by city voters during regular municipal elections to serve four-year terms.
County takes measures to avoid election problems
A procedures manual has been developed by the Crawford County Board of Elections in an effort to avoid potential Election Day problems.
- More Local News Headlines
Master Gardeners lead charge to get park planted


text:
We believe that our own work benefits from researching what is happening in the world of real estate communication across the globe. Although on-line communication is so important many real estate projects clearly benefit from having a strong brochure, flyer or other printed communication tool. Every year the MIPIM in Cannes provides an excellent opportunity to see what other agencies are making for their clients. Once again we have stuffed our suitcases with nothing but the finest, most creative printed media we could get our hands on.
Tag Archief: MIPIM
Another view on MIPIM 2013
Ook in 2010 is hooox de communicatiepartner van de Flanders Ghent Development Group. De nieuwe stand zal opnieuw uitblinken in Cannes! Meer informatie: www.mipim.be

subset: commoncrawl


text:
News and Events
Vice-Chancellor to chair national research centre
The National Centre for Social Research announces appointment of new Chair.
Vice-Chancellor champions new ways of recording student achievement
Higher Education Achievement Reports aim to enhance graduate job prospects and provide a clearer picture of skills, knowledge and experience gained at university.
Vice-Chancellor comments in Guardian on teacher training reforms
Professor Sir Bob Burgess discusses the opportunities for the Higher Education sector in teacher training.
New degree classification trialled at Leicester
Our Vice-Chancellor, Professor Sir Robert Burgess, has for the past few years chaired a steering group examining a potential replacement for traditional degree classifications.
Vice-Chancellor and Cardiologist sworn in as Deputy Lieutenants of Leicestershire
Civic honour for VC and Professor.
Vice-Chancellor reflects on University in new book
Photographic record of 50 years of Higher Education.


text:
Washington is abuzz over a recent report in the Wall Street Journal saying that former U.S. President George W. Bush had authorized the "capture or kill al Qaeda operatives," and that "the CIA also examined the subject of targeted assassinations of al Qaeda leaders," though it's not clear if the two initiatives are related.
The revelations are sure to set off a renewed debate in the United States over the legality, utility, and morality of killing terrorists. I know a few things about this topic, because between 1994 and 1997, I advised Israel Defense Forces' (IDF) commanders regarding targeted killings as the IDF legal advisor to the commander of the Gaza Strip. To be clear: the decision to strike was the commander's. As the legal advisor, I provided just that: legal advice.
So, here's my legal advice for the United States as the Washington debate heats up: Counterterrorism, in civil democratic regimes, must be rooted in the rule of law, morality in armed conflict, and an analysis of policy effectiveness. There can be no "ifs, ands, or buts."
Targeted killings are indeed legal, under certain conditions. The decision to use targeted killing of terrorists is based on an expansive articulation of the concept of pre-emptive self defense, intelligence information, and an analysis regarding policy effectiveness. According to Article 51 of the U.N. Charter, a nation state can respond to an armed attack. Targeted killing, however, is somewhat different because the state acts before the attack occurs. In addition to self-defense principles, the four critical principles of international law -- alternatives, military necessity, proportionality, and collateral damage -- are critical to the decision-maker's analysis.
The basis for the attack is intelligence information that meets a four part test: Is it reliable, credible, valid, and viable? Given the stakes, corroborated information is significantly preferable to information that comes from a single source.
Israel instituted its targeted killing policy in large part in response to Palestinian suicide-bombing attacks. But it's not just the bombers themselves that are a threat. Four actors -- the bomber, the planner, the driver/logistics person, and the financier -- form the basis of the suicide bombing infrastructure. Determining which of the four is a legitimate target, and when, is the critical question decision-makers face. As not all four are legitimate targets at all times, the commander is limited against whom he can act; that reality reflects the limits of self-defense.


text:
ImageLoader is a simple library to help you download, display and cache images in your Android apps.
Download the latest jar (v 1.5.8) or include the dependency in your Maven configuration:
Check out the project documentation to learn how to use the library in your apps. There is also an issue tracker if you find any bugs or want to suggest new features. Try the demo application.
Images are cached transparently with a two-level in-memory/SD card caching strategy.
Soft-reference and (optional) LRU in-memory caches are supported.
Images are fetched in a background thread, keeping your UI responsive.
Multiple image requests can be in flight simultaneously. It's optimised for mobile data connections.
ImageLoader uses the Apache License, Version 2.0.
The project is developed in the open on GitHub. You can fork the code, file bugs and submit pull requests.
ImageLoader is used in commercial projects with hundreds of thousands of users.
Songkick, Podio, SecretDJ and Image Search are just a few of the apps using ImageLoader.


text:
Last Chance! The Bus is Leaving, the Party is Starting! Get Your Tickets Now! Only 3 Spots Left All aboard our merry crew is gathered and we are off to the the Exotic Erotic Ball in beautiful San Francisco. Your ticket includes everything! Hotel (two nights), VIP passes, roundtrip fare, private parties and an unforgettable, once-in-a-lifetime ride along the highways and byways of California with some of the hottest porn stars around! All aboard with Dr. Suzy, Misti Dawn, Cadence St John, Sinn Sage and Special Surprise Guests! Only $1400 per couple, $850 per single, all inclusive! Call now for information and reservations 213.670.0066 This Saturday Night, 10/16 Live in-Studio on the Dr. Susan Block Show Sex at Dawn Our Promiscuous Prehistory Come discover your ancient roots with our Guest of Honor, ''Sex at Dawn'' Author Christopher Ryan. An amazing look at our past history and our real sexual selves. Other Special Guests Include Cadence St. John, Julien Nitzberg and Nica Noelle. Join us in studio, enjoy and participate in the Sex at Dawn show and erotic after- party! Free for Studio Members Only. A portion of all proceeds go to Adopt a Bonobo at Lola ya Bonobo in the Congo. Join us in Studio Become a Studio Member Listen to the Show Live For Information and Reservations Call 213.670.0066 Anytime Someone is Always Here for you Listen to the Archived Shows.
Kiara Mia New Projects
Angelina Castro Reality Series
Toga Lifestyle Party
Deen About Lohan & Abraham
Teal Conrad Tells All
Public Sex, Private Lives Premieres
Obamacare Expert Answers Questions
Baroness June 2 Party
Angel Del Rey New Pictures
Kira Lake New Pictures
Vertical Pole Showdown 4
Farrah Superstar Airs
Farrah Superstar: Backdoor Teen Mom
Angel Sponsors AIDS Research
Raven Bay, Summer Rae
Good News From Lallasa
Starfall at Crazy Horse
Bonnie Rotten Birthday Party
Open Casting on Inside
Domcon LA This Week
Last Call 5/10/2013
Danger Goes for Gold
Immoral/Streamate Pulls Stops
Summers Moderates Sex Talk
Simone Honored at DomCon
Nicki Hunter Returns PSK
Diary of Love ~ Reviewer Rated
Grindhouse Fest Tuesday
Dani Daniels Party
Kurt Lockwood at Ice House
2013 Masturbate-a-Thon
Mayhem at the Baroness'
Kurt Lockwood Does Standup
Hotmovies Matches Monarchy
Monarchy Donates to Hospital
Kulich Addresses Community Center
DeArmond, GFF Donate to AIDS/LifeCycle
Hirsch, Jeremy, Haze on Panel
Prize Pool Exceeds $10K
Memorial for Harry Reems
Kink Academy Play Party
Sex Rules Comedy Show
CineKink Gift Bags
CineKink Line-Up
CatalystCon Announces Entertainment
Play with the Pros
KinkyMedical CineKink Sponsorship
CSC Co-sponsors Broadband Event
Misty Stone Reflects
Sssh Donates to Conservancy
CineKink Gold Sponsorship Announced
Pangea Presents Valencrimes Day
Upcoming Sanctuary LAX Classes
jessica drake Education Seminars
Remedy Opens CineKink Festival
Noelle/Ferrara Erotic Workshop
Reload CineKink Gold Sponsorship
Gen Padova Food Blog
Byrd Sends Jeremy Love
Grand Burlesque Show
TakeDown Piracy CineKink Sponsorship
Erotic Photography Exhibition
Throat Sex Scandal on Block
CineKink Showcases Feminist Porn
CineKink at Film Festival
STD Check Joins Group
Wish's Luau Party
Deep Throat Interviews
Nina Hartley Gallery
The Cupcake Girls
Join Chance for Drinks
Survey: Guys Love Porn
Nina Hartley Glory Stories
Taylor Stevens Charity $1K
Sssh Donates to Broadway Cares
Lifestyles Arts Health Charity Section Index


text:
Which EEG and MEG file formats are supported by BESA?
Click here to download a list of supported file formats.
What is the best strategy to design a multiple source model?
The best strategy is usually a sequential spatio-temporal approach. However, this may depend on the data to be analyzed. For strategies and examples, please read the key papers on multiple source analysis in Publications / Methods.
How can I handle artifacts in BESA?
It is important to get good templates for the topographies of the artifact using pattern search and averaging. Then the topographies can be used as spatial components during source analysis to separate brain from artifactual activities (preferred method). For this load the data segments and the averaged artifacts into the source analysis module and use the PCA on the artifacts to add spatial components to the solution. The second method is based on subspace projection which regressed the artifact topographies out and distorts the topographies during source analysis. Use the artifact correction of the on-going EEG, average and save the corrected averages. When reopening a corrected average file, artifact correction coefficients will be read and automatically used (only in BESA 5.0) for subspace proejction of the data prior to source analysis. In the source analysis module, the forward vectors will be subspace projection and (similarly) distorted. The advantage of the first, preferred method ist that the source waveforms of the artifact and brain signals can be compared to see the epochs of critical interference. Maps are not distorted. The artifact correction of the on-going EEG (second method) contrast the artifact against the background EEG rhythms but not against the much smaller evoked response components to be averaged.
How can I handle artifacts in EEGFocus?
The artifact correction menu in BESA / EEGFocus has been designed to reduce artifacts in the on-going EEG during EEG review without distorting the prominent EEG signals and maps. This can be useful for reducing EKG or frequent eye artifacts such as blinks.
How do I export dipole moments of my fitted sources?
The source waveforms contain the dipole moments of the sources calculated for each time point. Source waveforms can be written to an ASCII file: Use the 'File | Save Source Waveforms As...' menu entry.


text:
Member since February, 2008Contact me
Prefer to skip this person's stories?
Click to hide them from your view.
About me
If I could have one person read my writing on SMITH it would be?
Mrs. McQueen - fifth-grade teacher.
If you were to throw up your hands in exasperation and yell "it's the story of my life," what would you be talking about?
Arriving at a swell cocktail party in the best heels, only to learn it's a lawn party... careful of the turf punctures!
Besides SMITH, I read stories at:
In bed I like to read:
Short stories
My favorite story of all time is:
The Velveteen Rabbit
Right now, I'm reading:
At the Jim Bridger
Latest Memoir (of 16):
If it's "no," say "no," graciously.
- If it's "no," say "no," graciously.
- One nice deed every single day.
- Using grandmothers' recipes in their handwriting.
- Using grandmothers' recipes in their handwriting.
- Grill smoke, garden hose spray, laughter.
- Husband's cards rekindle dating heart's tingle.
- Skillet cornbread made my husband smile.
- Good things came from my waiting.
- Technical jargon eased for mere mortals.
- Ignore the scars, embrace the healing!
- 49 years to marry THE ONE!!
- Proposal writer seeks new career proposal.
- Military bride made each house home.
- Thirty-year crush will culminate in wedding!


text:
Welcome to the Wags to Whiskers Online Shop. You will find a variety of items for pets and pet lovers, including gourmet pet treats, leashes, collars & harnesses, pet apparel, pet-themed home decor and pet-themed gift items.
I am currently in the process of adding more products to the online shop. Please continue to check back to see the new items that are being added. Don't forget to sign up for the mailing list if you haven't already!
Bella's BlogBelow are all the articles in Bella's blog - from a pet's perspective. |
Posted by Bella 0 Comment(s) Add a Comment
Thank you for visiting my blog. My name is Bella, and I am the oldest furkid in the family. My momma, who owns Wags to Whiskers, asked me to help her out by writing a blog about things that are important to furkids. I am an 11-year-old grey tabby cat. I have a younger brother, Milko, who is a 7-year-old toy fox terrier, and a sister, Sophie, who is a 5-year-old black and white cat.
I will be telling you about what my siblings and I are up to, but when I hear interesting stories about other furkids, I will also share those with you. I hope you will enjoy my blog!


text:
Not logged in
Log in now
Create an account
Subscribe to LWN
Recent Features
LWN.net Weekly Edition for May 16, 2013
A look at the PyPy 2.0 release
PostgreSQL 9.3 beta: Federated databases and more
LWN.net Weekly Edition for May 9, 2013
(Nearly) full tickless operation in 3.10
Thanks, I wanted to tell the story from the point of view of the GNU Classpath & Friends hackers over the last 4 years. Showing what they work on, what gets them excited and what they think are the most important breakthroughs these last view years. Glad you liked the "we" perspective. But I agree that the article should have clearly said that I am the current GNU Classpath maintainer to alert the reader to any bias that might have slipped in.
Copyright © 2013, Eklektix, Inc. Comments and public postings are copyrighted by their creators. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds


text:
Please visit WTS, Epoch, Segpay, our authorized sales agents.
Please visit Vendo, our authorized reseller.
Customer Support // Privacy Policy // Terms & Conditions // Webmasters
© 2012 Copyright Playboy.com. All rights reserved
Meet Amateur Mylie Bryce, a model and actress based in Miami, Florida. She's tall – 5'9" – and all natural, with dark blonde hair and piercing ice-blue eyes. "I was born in Estonia, a Baltic state in Eastern Europe, and I was a beauty contestant," she says. "...
Read more
Over 180,000 original pics and more than 2600 GB of exclusive video-Quality second to none!
Get Instant access


text:
AIA Huron Valley President's Picnic
Sunday June 2, 20134:00-7:00pm Gallup Park Maas Shelter
Contact for questions: firstname.lastname@example.com
AIAHV Board Meeting
Agenda to be emailed prior to meeting.
Contact Dan Whisler at email@example.com for final meeting location
Lessons from Tubingen, Germany
June 27, 2013 AADL Multipurpose Room 7pm
Attendees can earn 1 LU learning unit.
Punting on the River Neckar – June 2012 (Photo credit: Carolyn Melchers)
GBCI Course ID 90008206
July 25th 11:30-1:30 pm
A3C UrbEn Retreat, 210 E. Huron, Ann Arbor
New commercial construction is in the doldrums. Instead of constructing new buildings, many real estate professionals see improving and repositioning existing buildings as an opportunity to create value for an organization. How can these professionals maximize building investment and value beyond obvious and simple efficiency improvements with minimal added capital expenditure? By digging deeper with energy retrofits. Experts from New Buildings Institute, Glenborough Properties, and Rocky Mountain Institute will share real project data, strategies, lessons, business rationale and financial information uncovered in their research and buildings. Hear how investors and owner-occupants successfully implemented deep energy investments in existing buildings, while achieving big energy savings (50 percent!) and increasing the value of their buildings.
AIA/WCA/USGBC DRC Prerecorded Webinar
$10 for members (AIA, WCA or USGBC DRC),$20 for non-members otherwise
1.5 GBCI CE hours (General not leed specific) 1.5 CES AIA Sustainable Design, HSW Credits
Pizza & Soft Drinks Provided


text:
Stein Eriksen Lodge Names Ann Giles Sweisford as Executive Pastry Chef
September 23, 2010
PARK CITY, Utah (FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE) – Stein Eriksen Lodge is pleased to announced that Ann Giles Sweisford has been named Executive Pastry Chef. Sweisford will oversee the Lodge's renowned desert and pasty program in the Glitretind Restaurant and focus on elevating the house made chocolates program and annual holiday gingerbread creation for which the Lodge has received international acclaim.
Sweisford discovered her passion for pastries under the tutelage of Chef Jean Joho at Everest Restaurant in Chicago, IL – one of the country's premier dining rooms. A graduate of The French Pastry School in Chicago, Sweisford has acquired extensive experience in the luxury hotel market. The New Jersey native laid the groundwork for her noteworthy career, working with such renowned chefs as Christophe David, Sandro Gamba, and Jose Garces. She served as Lead Pastry Cook at the Four Seasons in Chicago before accepting the position of Pastry Sous Chef at the Park Hyatt. While at the Park Hyatt Chicago, Sweisford created desserts for the NoMI Restaurant listed as a "Top 10 Power Dining Spot" by Forbes and one of the "World's Best Hotel Dining Rooms" by Gourmet. In addition, Sweisford crafted the hotels VIP Amenity program and oversaw the hotels pastry program.
Before moving to Park City, Sweisford was the Corporate Pastry Chef for the Garces Restaurant Group in Philadelphia, PA where she was responsible for the desert and pastry program for five of Chef Jose Garces' award-winning restaurants. "Ann is a super talented pastry chef and was an asset to have during her time at Garces Restaurant Group," said Chef Jose Garces. "Her refined classical technique, creative approach to flavor combination and her presentation are always flawless."
Most recently, Sweisford was the Executive Pastry Chef at the Waldorf Astoria Park City & Spruce Restaurant. There she was responsible for the pastry program for the hotel and restaurant. "My desserts are a modern interpretation of classical desserts, often utilizing season fruits and textures within a single dish," Says Sweisford.
Sweisford has received rave reviews from media outlets such as The Philadelphia Inquirer and Chicago Tribune. "Sweisford is ushering in an exciting era of simple elegance at the Lodge's pastry shop," said Executive Chef Zane Holmquist. "Her talent and experience will advance the desert and pasty menu at Stein Eriksen Lodge, already amongst the top-tier in luxury restaurants."
For more information, please contact Sarah Myers at (435) 645-6451 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
About Stein Eriksen Lodge
The Forbes Five Star, AAA Five Diamond, Stein Eriksen Lodge is
one of America's premier resorts
and a member of the exclusive international association of independent luxury
hotels and resorts, Preferred Hotels & Resorts Worldwide. One of the most
accessible mountain destinations in North America, the Lodge
provides guests with the ultimate year-round luxury destination, offering
world-class hospitality, accommodations, fine-dining, meeting facilities, spa
services and recreation. For more information, visit the Lodge's Web site atwww.steinlodge.com or call 800.453.1302.
# # #
Sarah Myers
Stein Eriksen Lodge
(435) 645-6451


text:
Faster-than-light neutrino anomaly
In 2011, the OPERA experiment mistakenly observed neutrinos appearing to travel faster than light. Even before the mistake was discovered, the result was considered anomalous because speeds higher than that of light in a vacuum are generally thought to violate special relativity, a cornerstone of the modern understanding of physics for over a century.[1][2]
OPERA scientists announced the results of the experiment in September 2011 with the stated intent of promoting further inquiry and debate. Later the team reported two flaws in their equipment set-up that had caused errors far outside of their original confidence interval: a fiber optic cable attached improperly, which caused the apparently faster-than-light measurements, and a clock oscillator ticking too fast.[3] The errors were first confirmed by OPERA after a ScienceInsider report;[4] accounting for these two sources of error eliminated the faster-than-light results.[5]
In March 2012, the collocated ICARUS experiment reported neutrino velocities consistent with the speed of light in the same short-pulse beam OPERA had measured in November 2011. ICARUS used a partly different timing system from OPERA and measured seven different neutrinos.[6] In addition, the Gran Sasso experiments BOREXINO, ICARUS, LVD and OPERA all measured neutrino velocity with a short-pulsed beam in May, and obtained agreement with the speed of light.[7]
On June 8, 2012 CERN research director Sergio Bertolucci declared on behalf of the four Gran Sasso teams, including OPERA, that the speed of neutrinos is consistent with that of light. The press release, made from the 25th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics in Kyoto, states that the original OPERA results were wrong, due to equipment failures.[8]
On July 12, 2012 OPERA updated their paper by including the new sources of errors in their calculations. They found agreement of neutrino speed with the speed of light.[9]
Contents |
The experiment created a form of neutrinos, muon neutrinos, at CERN's older SPS accelerator, on the Franco–Swiss border, and detected them at the LNGS lab in Gran Sasso, Italy. OPERA researchers used common-view GPS, derived from standard GPS, to measure the times and place coordinates at which the neutrinos were created and detected. As computed, the neutrinos' average time of flight turned out to be less than what light would need to travel the same distance in a vacuum. In a two-week span up to November 6, the OPERA team repeated the measurement with a different way of generating neutrinos, which helped measure travel time of each detected neutrino separately. This eliminated some possible errors related to matching detected neutrinos to their creation time.[10] The OPERA collaboration stated in their initial press release that further scrutiny and independent tests were necessary to definitely confirm or refute the results.[7]
First results[edit]
In a March 2011 analysis of their data, scientists of the OPERA collaboration reported evidence that neutrinos they produced at CERN in Geneva and recorded at the OPERA detector at Gran Sasso, Italy, had traveled faster than light. The neutrinos were calculated to have arrived approximately 60.7 nanoseconds (60.7 billionths of a second) sooner than light would have if traversing the same distance in a vacuum. After six months of cross checking, on September 23, 2011, the researchers announced that neutrinos had been observed traveling at faster-than-light speed.[11] Similar results were obtained using higher-energy (28 GeV) neutrinos, which were observed to check if neutrinos' velocity depended on their energy. The particles were measured arriving at the detector faster than light by approximately one part per 40,000, with a 0.2-in-a-million chance of being wrong, if the error were distributed as a bell curve (significance of six sigma). This measure included estimates for both errors in measuring and errors from the statistical procedure used. It was, however, a measure of precision, not accuracy, which could be influenced by elements such as incorrect computations or wrong readouts of instruments.[12][13] For particle physics experiments involving collision data, the standard for a discovery announcement is a five-sigma error limit, looser than the observed six-sigma limit.[14]
The preprint of the research stated "[the observed] deviation of the neutrino velocity from c [speed of light in vacuum] would be a striking result pointing to new physics in the neutrino sector" and referred to the "early arrival time of CNGS muon neutrinos" as an "anomaly".[15] OPERA spokesperson Antonio Ereditato explained that the OPERA team had "not found any instrumental effect that could explain the result of the measurement".[7] James Gillies, a spokesperson for CERN, said on September 22 that the scientists were "inviting the broader physics community to look at what they [had] done and really scrutinize it in great detail, and ideally for someone elsewhere in the world to repeat the measurements".[16]
Internal replication[edit]
In November, OPERA published refined results where they noted their chances of being wrong as even less, thus tightening their error bounds. Neutrinos arrived approximately 57.8 ns earlier than if they had traveled at light-speed, giving a relative speed difference of approximately one part per 42,000 against that of light. The new significance level became 6.2 sigma.[17] The collaboration submitted its results for peer-reviewed publication to the Journal of High Energy Physics.[18][19]
In the same paper, the OPERA collaboration also published the results of a repeat experiment running from October 21, 2011 to November 7, 2011. They detected twenty neutrinos consistently indicating an early neutrino arrival of approximately 62.1 ns, in agreement with the result of the main analysis.[20]
Measurement errors[edit]
In February 2012, the OPERA collaboration announced two possible sources of error that could have significantly influenced the results.[7]
- A link from a GPS receiver to the OPERA master clock was loose, which increased the delay through the fiber. The glitch's effect was to decrease the reported flight time of the neutrinos by 73 ns, making them seem faster than light.[21][22]
- A clock on an electronic board ticked faster than its expected 10 MHz frequency, lengthening the reported flight-time of neutrinos, thereby somewhat reducing the seeming faster-than-light effect. OPERA stated the component had been operating outside its specifications.[23]
In March 2012 an LNGS seminar was held, confirming the fiber cable was not fully screwed in during data gathering.[5] LVD researchers compared the timing data for cosmic high-energy muons hitting both the OPERA and the nearby LVD detector between 2007-2008, 2008-2011, and 2011-2012. The shift obtained for the 2008-2011 period agreed with the OPERA anomaly.[24] The researchers also found photographs showing the cable had been loose by October 13, 2011.
Correcting for the two newly found sources of error, results for neutrino speed appear to be consistent with the speed of light.[5]
End results[edit]
On July 12, 2012 the OPERA collaboration published the end results of their measurements between 2009–2011. The difference between the measured and expected arrival time of neutrinos (compared to the speed of light) was approximately 6.5 ± 15 ns. This is consistent with no difference at all, thus the speed of neutrinos is consistent with the speed of light within the margin of error. Also the re-analysis of the 2011 bunched beam rerun gave a similar result.[9]
Independent replication[edit]
In March 2012, the co-located ICARUS experiment refuted the OPERA results by measuring neutrino velocity to be that of light.[6] ICARUS measured speed for seven neutrinos in the same short-pulse beam OPERA had checked in November 2011, and found them, on average, traveling at the speed of light. The results were from a trial run of neutrino-velocity measurements slated for May.[25]
In May 2012, a new bunched beam rerun was initiated by CERN. Then in June 2012, it was announced by CERN that the four Gran Sasso experiments OPERA, ICARUS, LVD, and BOREXINO measured neutrino speeds consistent with the speed of light, indicating that the initial OPERA result was due to equipment errors.[7]
In addition, Fermilab has stated that the detectors for the MINOS project are being upgraded,[26]. Fermilab scientists closely analyzed and placed bounds on the errors in their timing system. [27] In June 8, 2012 MINOS announced that according to preliminary results, the neutrino speed is consistent with the speed of light.[28]
The measurement[edit]
The OPERA experiment was designed to capture how neutrinos switch between different identities, but Autiero realized the equipment could be used to precisely measure neutrino speed too.[29] A tentative result from the MINOS experiment at Fermilab showing neutrinos traveling faster than light lent credence to the idea.[30] The principle of the OPERA neutrino velocity experiment was to compare travel time of neutrinos against travel time of light. The neutrinos in the experiment emerged at CERN and flew to the OPERA detector. The researchers divided this distance by the speed of light in vacuum to predict what the neutrino travel time should be. They compared this expected value to the measured commute time.[31]
The OPERA team used an already existing beam of neutrinos traveling continuously from CERN to LNGS, the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso beam, for the measurement. Measuring speed meant measuring the distance traveled by the neutrinos from their source to where they were detected, and the time taken by them to travel this length. The source at CERN was more than 730 kilometres (450 mi) away from the detector at LNGS (Gran Sasso). The experiment was tricky because there was no way to time an individual neutrino, necessitating more complex steps. As shown in Fig. 1, CERN generates neutrinos by slamming protons, in pulses of length 10.5 microseconds (10.5 millionths of a second), into a graphite target to produce intermediate particles, which decay into neutrinos. OPERA researchers measured the protons as they passed a section called the beam current transducer (BCT) and took the transducer's position as the neutrinos' starting point. The protons did not actually create neutrinos for another kilometer, but because both protons and the intermediate particles moved almost at light speed, the error from the assumption was acceptably low.
The clocks at CERN and LNGS had to be in sync, and for this the researchers used high-quality GPS receivers, backed up with atomic clocks, at both places. This system timestamped both the proton pulse and the detected neutrinos to a claimed accuracy of 2.3 nanoseconds. But the timestamp could not be read like a clock. At CERN, the GPS signal came only to a receiver at a central control room, and had to be routed with cables and electronics to the computer in the neutrino-beam control room which recorded the proton pulse measurement (Fig. 3). The delay of this equipment was 10,085 nanoseconds and this value had to be added to the time stamp. The data from the transducer arrived at the computer with a 580 nanoseconds delay, and this value had to be subtracted from the time stamp. To get all the corrections right, physicists had to measure exact lengths of the cables and the latencies of the electronic devices. On the detector side, neutrinos were detected by the charge they induced, not by the light they generated, and this involved cables and electronics as part of the timing chain. Fig. 4 shows the corrections applied on the OPERA detector side.
Since neutrinos could not be accurately tracked to the specific protons producing them, an averaging method had to be used. The researchers added up the measured proton pulses to get an average distribution in time of the individual protons in a pulse. The time at which neutrinos were detected at Gran Sasso was plotted to produce another distribution. The two distributions were expected to have similar shapes, but be separated by 2.4 milliseconds, the time it takes to travel the distance at light speed. The experimenters used an algorithm, maximum likelihood, to search for the time shift that best made the two distributions to coincide. The shift so calculated, the statistically measured neutrino arrival time, was approximately 60 nanoseconds shorter than the 2.4 milliseconds neutrinos would have taken if they traveled just at light speed. In a later experiment, the proton pulse width was shortened to 3 nanoseconds, and this helped the scientists to narrow the generation time of each detected neutrino to that range.[32]
Measuring distance[edit]
Distance was measured by accurately fixing the source and detector points on a global coordinate system (ETRF2000). CERN surveyors used GPS to measure the source location. On the detector side, the OPERA team worked with a geodesy group from the Sapienza University of Rome to locate the detector's center with GPS and standard map-making techniques. To link the surface GPS location to the coordinates of the underground detector, traffic had to be partially stopped on the access road to the lab. Combining the two location measurements, the researchers calculated the distance,[33] to an accuracy of 20 cm within the 730 km path.[34]
Measuring trip time[edit]
The travel time of the neutrinos had to be measured by tracking the time they were created, and the time they were detected, and using a common clock to ensure the times were in sync. As Fig. 1 shows, the time measuring system included the neutrino source at CERN, the detector at LNGS (Gran Sasso), and a satellite element common to both. The common clock was the time signal from multiple GPS satellites visible from both CERN and LNGS. CERN's beams-department engineers worked with the OPERA team to provide a travel time measurement between the source at CERN and a point just before the OPERA detector's electronics, using accurate GPS receivers. This included timing the proton beams' interactions at CERN, and timing the creation of intermediate particles eventually decaying into neutrinos (see Fig. 3).
Researchers from OPERA measured the remaining delays and calibrations not included in the CERN calculation: those shown in Fig. 4. The neutrinos were detected in an underground lab, but the common clock from the GPS satellites was visible only above ground level. The clock value noted above-ground had to be transmitted to the underground detector with an 8 km fiber cable. The delays associated with this transfer of time had to be accounted for in the calculation. How much the error could vary (the standard deviation of the errors) mattered to the analysis, and had to be calculated for each part of the timing chain separately. Special techniques were used to measure the length of the fiber and its consequent delay, required as part of the overall calculation.[33]
In addition, to sharpen resolution from the standard GPS 100 nanoseconds to the 1 nanosecond range metrology labs achieve, OPERA researchers used Septentrio's precise PolaRx2eTR GPS timing receiver,[35] along with consistency checks across clocks (time calibration procedures) which allowed for common-view time transfer. The PolaRx2eTR allowed measurement of the time offset between an atomic clock and each of the Global Navigation Satellite System satellite clocks. For calibration, the equipment was taken to the Swiss Metrology Institute (METAS).[33] In addition, highly stable cesium clocks were installed both at LNGS and CERN to cross-check GPS timing and to increase its precision. After OPERA found the superluminal result, the time calibration was rechecked both by a CERN engineer and the German Institute of Metrology (PTB).[33] Time-of-flight was eventually measured to an accuracy of 10 nanoseconds.[7][36] The final error bound was derived by combining the variance of the error for the individual parts.
The analysis[edit]
The OPERA team analyzed the results in different ways and using different experimental methods. Following the initial main analysis released in September, three further analyses were made public in November. In the main November analysis, all the existing data were reanalyzed to allow adjustments for other factors, such as the Sagnac effect in which the Earth's rotation affects the distance traveled by the neutrinos. Then an alternative analysis adopted a different model for the matching of the neutrinos to their creation time. The third analysis of November focused on a different experimental setup ('the rerun') which changed the way the neutrinos were created.
In the initial setup, every detected neutrino would have been produced sometime in a 10,500 nanoseconds (10.5 microseconds) range, since this was the duration of the proton beam spill generating the neutrinos. It was not possible to isolate neutrino production time further within the spill. Therefore, in their main statistical analyses, the OPERA group generated a model of the proton waveforms at CERN, took the various waveforms together, and plotted the chance of neutrinos being emitted at various times (the global probability density function of the neutrino emission times). They then compared this plot against a plot of the arrival times of the 15,223 detected neutrinos. This comparison indicated neutrinos had arrived at the detector 57.8 nanoseconds faster than if they had been traveling at the speed of light in vacuum. An alternative analysis in which each detected neutrino was checked against the waveform of its associated proton spill (instead of against the global probability density function) led to a compatible result of approximately 54.5 nanoseconds.[37]
The November main analysis, which showed an early arrival time of 57.8 nanoseconds, was conducted blind to avoid observer bias, whereby those running the analysis might inadvertently fine-tune the result toward expected values. To this end, old and incomplete values for distances and delays from the year 2006 were initially adopted. With the final correction needed not yet known, the intermediate expected result was also an unknown. Analysis of the measurement data under those 'blind' conditions gave an early neutrino arrival of 1043.4 nanoseconds. Afterward, the data were analyzed again taking into consideration the complete and actual sources of errors. If neutrino and light speed were the same, a subtraction value of 1043.4 nanoseconds should have been obtained for the correction. However, the actual subtraction value amounted to only 985.6 nanoseconds, corresponding to an arrival time 57.8 nanoseconds earlier than expected.[38]
Two facets of the result came under particular scrutiny within the neutrino community: the GPS synchronization system, and the profile of the proton beam spill that generated neutrinos.[39] The second concern was addressed in the November rerun: for this analysis, OPERA scientists repeated the measurement over the same baseline using a new CERN proton beam which circumvented the need to make any assumptions about the details of neutrino production during the beam activation, such as energy distribution or production rate. This beam provided proton pulses of 3 nanoseconds each with up to 524 nanosecond gaps. This meant a detected neutrino could be tracked uniquely to its generating 3 nanoseconds pulse, and hence its start and end travel times could be directly noted. Thus, the neutrino's speed could now be calculated without having to resort to statistical inference.[7]
In addition to the four analyses mentioned earlier—September main analysis, November main analysis, alternative analysis, and the rerun analysis—the OPERA team also split the data by neutrino energy and reported the results for each set of the September and November main analyses. The rerun analysis had too few neutrinos to consider splitting the set further.
Reception by the physics community[edit]
After the initial report of apparent superluminal velocities of neutrinos, Nobel laureates Steven Weinberg,[40] George Smoot III, and Carlo Rubbia,[41] and other physicists not affiliated with the experiment, including Michio Kaku,[42] expressed skepticism about the accuracy of the experiment on the basis that the results challenged a long-held theory consistent with the results of many other tests of special relativity.[43] Nevertheless, Ereditato, the OPERA spokesperson, stated that no one had an explanation that invalidated the experiment's results.[44]
Previous experiments of neutrino speed played a role in the reception of the OPERA result by the physics community. Those experiments did not detect statistically significant deviations of neutrino speeds from the speed of light. For instance, Astronomer Royal Martin Rees and theoretical physicists Lawrence Krauss[45] and Stephen Hawking[46] stated neutrinos from the SN 1987A supernova explosion arrived almost at the same time as light, indicating no faster-than-light neutrino speed. John Ellis, theoretical physicist at CERN, believed it difficult to reconcile the OPERA results with the SN 1987A observations.[47] Observations of this supernova restricted 10 MeV anti-neutrino speed to less than 20 parts per billion (ppb) over lightspeed. This was one of the reasons most physicists suspected the OPERA team had made an error.[48]
Physicists affiliated with the experiment had refrained from interpreting the result, stating in their paper:
Despite the large significance of the measurement reported here and the stability of the analysis, the potentially great impact of the result motivates the continuation of our studies in order to investigate possible still unknown systematic effects that could explain the observed anomaly. We deliberately do not attempt any theoretical or phenomenological interpretation of the results.[49]
Andrew Cohen and Glashow have predicted that superluminal neutrinos would radiate electrons and positrons and lose energy through vacuum Cherenkov effects, where a particle traveling faster than light decays continuously into other slower particles.[50] However, this energy attrition was absent both in the OPERA experiment and in the colocated ICARUS experiment, which uses the same CNGS beam as OPERA.[1][51] This discrepancy was seen by Cohen and Glashow to present "a significant challenge to the superluminal interpretation of the OPERA data".[50]
Many other scientific papers on the anomaly were published as arXiv preprints or in peer reviewed journals. Some of them criticized the result, while others tried to find theoretical explanations, replacing or extending special relativity and the standard model.[52]
Discussions within the OPERA collaboration[edit]
In the months after the initial announcement, tensions emerged in the OPERA collaboration.[53][54][18][21] A vote of no confidence among the more than thirty group team leaders failed, but spokesperson Ereditato and physics coordinator Autiero resigned their leadership positions anyway on March 30, 2012.[5][55][56] In a resignation letter, Ereditato claimed that their results were "excessively sensationalized and portrayed with not always justified simplification" and defended the collaboration, stating, "The OPERA Collaboration has always acted in full compliance with scientific rigour: both when it announced the results and when it provided an explanation for them."[57]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b Reich (2011b)
- ^ Many sources describe faster-than-light (FTL) as violating special relativity (SR): (Reich 2011c; Cho 2011a; Choi 2011). Other reliable sources disagree, though; for FTL not necessarily violating SR, see ("Tachyon" 2011).
- ^ Strassler, M. (2012) "OPERA: What Went Wrong" profmattstrassler.com
- ^ (Cartlidge 2012; Cartlidge 2012b)
- ^ a b c d Reich (2012c)
- ^ a b ICARUS (2012)
- ^ a b c d e f g ("OPERA experiment reports anomaly in flight time of neutrinos from CERN to Gran Sasso" 2011)
- ^ "Neutrinos sent from CERN to Gran Sasso respect the cosmic speed limit". CERN press release. June 8, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
- ^ a b OPERA collaboration (July 12, 2012). "Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam". arXiv:1109.4897.
- ^ Cartlidge (2011b)
- ^ Reich (2011a)
- ^ Brunetti (2011)
- ^ (The OPERA collaboration 2011)
- ^ Seife (2000)
- ^ (The OPERA collaboration 2011, p. 29)
- ^ Jordans & Borenstein (2011a)
- ^ version 2 of (The OPERA collaboration 2011)
- ^ a b Cartlidge 2011c
- ^ Jha 2011
- ^ ("A new proton spill from CERN to Gran Sasso" 2011); version 2 of (The OPERA collaboration 2011)
- ^ a b Cartlidge (2012c)
- ^ Lindinger & Hagner (2012)
- ^ ("Science in action" 2012)
- ^ LVD and OPERA collaboration (2012). "Determination of a time-shift in the OPERA set-up using high energy horizontal muons in the LVD and OPERA detectors". The European Physical Journal Plus 127 (6): 71. arXiv:1206.2488. doi:10.1140/epjp/i2012-12071-5..
- ^ Jordans (2012)
- ^ (Hooker 2011)
- ^ (Pease 2011)
- ^ "MINOS reports new measurement of neutrino velocity". Fermilab today. June 8, 2012. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
- ^ Nosengo (2011)
- ^ Cartlidge (2011a)
- ^ Cho (2011b)
- ^ The CERN-neutrino-to-Gran-Sasso beam citation is from ("Upstream from OPERA: extreme attention to detail" 2011); the rest of the description draws heavily on the article by Cho (2011b), and, to some extent, by Cartlidge (2011b).
- ^ a b c d Upstream from OPERA: extreme attention to detail (2011)
- ^ (Colosimo et al. 2011)
- ^ ("Knocking Einstein: Septentrio in CERN experiment" 2011)
- ^ Feldmann 2011; Komatsu 2011
- ^ (The OPERA collaboration 2011, pp. 14, 16–21)
- ^ version 2 of (The OPERA collaboration 2011)
- ^ Reich (2011a)
- ^ Matson (2011)
- ^ ("U.S. scientists to test findings" 2011)
- ^ Jordans & Borenstein (2011b)
- ^ Reich (2011c); Cho 2011b; Overbye 2011; Gary 2011
- ^ Palmer (2011)
- ^ Matson (2011)
- ^ "Hawking on the future of mankind" (2012)
- ^ Brumfiel (2011)
- ^ Cho (2011b)
- ^ (The OPERA collaboration 2011, p. 29)
- ^ a b Cohen & Glashow (2011)
- ^ Resource list at INFN SuperLuminal Neutrino
- ^ (Grossman 2011a)
- ^ (Grossman 2011b)
- ^ Edwin Cartligde (March 30, 2012). "Leaders of Faster-Than-Light Experiment Step Down". ScienceInsider.
- ^ Lisa Grossman (March 31, 2012). "Leaders of controversial neutrino experiment step down". New Scientist.
- ^ Antonio Ereditato (March 30, 2012). "OPERA: Ereditato's Point of View". Le Scienze.
Boyle, Alan (February 18, 2012), Answers ahead for physics' puzzles, MSNBC, retrieved February 18, 2012
Brown, E.; Khan, A. (September 23, 2011), "Faster than light? CERN findings bewilder scientists", Los Angeles Times, retrieved September 24, 2011, "MINOS scientists may perform experiments of their own in as soon as six months, said particle physicist and MINOS co-spokesperson Jenny Thomas. Plans to test the CERN results in Japan's multinational T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) experiment are in the works, said neutrino physicist and T2K spokesman Chang Kee Jung"
Brumfiel, G. (September 23, 2011), "Particles break light-speed limit", Nature News, doi:10.1038/news.2011.554, retrieved October 22, 2011
Brumfiel, G. (March 16, 2012), "Neutrinos not faster than light", Nature News, doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10249, retrieved March 16, 2012
Brunetti, G. (2011), Neutrino velocity measurement with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam (Doctoral dissertation), retrieved October 8, 2011
Cartlidge, E. (October 7, 2011), "Tension emerges within OPERA collaboration", Physicsworld.com
Cartlidge, E. (October 21, 2011), "Faster-than-light result to be scrutinized", ScienceInsider (American Association for the Advancement of Science), retrieved October 21, 2011
Cartlidge, E. (November 17, 2011), "Faster-Than-Light neutrinos: OPERA confirms and submits results, but unease remains", ScienceInsider (American Association for the Advancement of Science), retrieved November 17, 2011
Cartlidge, E. (February 22, 2012), "Breaking news: Error undoes faster-than-light neutrino results", ScienceInsider (American Association for the Advancement of Science), retrieved February 22, 2012
Cartlidge, E. (February 24, 2012), "Official Word on Superluminal Neutrinos Leaves Warp-Drive Fans a Shred of Hope—Barely", ScienceInsider (American Association for the Advancement of Science), retrieved February 24, 2012
Cartlidge, E. (March 1, 2012), "Loose cable may unravel faster-than-light result", Science 335 (6072): 1027, doi:10.1126/science.335.6072.1027
Cho, A. (September 30, 2011), "From Geneva to Italy faster than a speeding photon?", Science 333 (6051): 1809, Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1809C, doi:10.1126/science.333.6051.1809, retrieved November 21, 2011
Cho, A. (December 2, 2011), "Where does the time go?", Science 334 (6060): 1200–1201, Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1200C, doi:10.1126/science.334.6060.1200
Choi, C. Q. (October 13, 2011), "Leading light: What would faster-than-light neutrinos mean for physics", Scientific American
Colosimo, G.; Crespi, M.; Mazzoni, A.; Riguzzi, F.; Jones, M.; Missiaen, D. (October 10, 2011), Determination of the CNGS global geodesy (OPERA) http://operaweb.lngs.infn.it/Opera/publicnotes/note132.pdf |url=
missing title (help)
Feldmann, T. (September 2011), Relative calibration of the GPS time link between CERN and LNGS, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (German National Metrological Institute)
Gary, S. (November 25, 2011), "Neutrinos win but Einstein hasn't lost yet", ABC Science, retrieved December 3, 2011
Grossman, L. (October 25, 2011), "Faster-than-light neutrino result to get extra checks", New Scientist, retrieved October 25, 2011
Grossman, L. (November 18, 2011), "New results show neutrinos still faster than light", New Scientist, retrieved November 18, 2011
Grossman, L. (January 4, 2012), "Faster-than-light neutrinos dealt another blow", New Scientist, retrieved January 4, 2012
Hawking on the future of mankind, BBC, January 6, 2012, retrieved January 6, 2012
Hooker, B. (2011), "OPERA experiment reports anomaly in flight time of neutrinos", Fermilab Today (Batavia, Illinois: Fermilab), retrieved September 24, 2011
ICARUS Collaboration (May 15, 2012). "A search for the analogue to Cherenkov radiation by high energy neutrinos at superluminal speeds in ICARUS". Physics Letters B 711 (3-4): 270–275. arXiv:1110.3763. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.04.014.
ICARUS collaboration (June 18, 2012), "Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the ICARUS detector at the CNGS beam", Physics Letters B 713 (1): 17–22, arXiv:1203.3433, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.05.033
Jha, A. (November 17, 2011), "Neutrinos still faster than light in latest version of experiment", The Guardian, retrieved November 17, 2011
Jordans, F. (March 16, 2012), "New test nixes findings about faster-than-light neutrinos", MSNBC (Associated Press), retrieved March 16, 2012
Jordans, F.; Borenstein, S. (September 22, 2011), "Roll over Einstein: Law of physics challenged (update 3)", PhysOrg (Associated Press), retrieved September 24, 2011
Jordans, F.; Borenstein, S. (24 September 2011), Challenging Einstein is usually a losing venture, AP/Yahoo News, retrieved September 26, 2011
Knocking Einstein: Septentrio in CERN experiment on faster-than-Light neutrinos, GPS World, September 28, 2011, retrieved November 20, 2011
Komatsu, M. (October 4, 2011), Seminar: Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies(IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), retrieved November 20, 2011
Lindinger, Manfred; Hagner, Caren (February 24, 2012), "Interview über die möglichen Fehlerquellen: Messfehler könnten Überlichtgeschwindigkeit erklären", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, retrieved February 24, 2012. See also this translation into English (see first comment): Measurement errors could explain FTL.
Matson, J. (September 26, 2011), "Faster-than-light neutrinos? Physics luminaries voice doubts", Scientific American, retrieved October 9, 2011
"More data shows neutrinos still faster than light", New Scientist 212 (2840), November 26, 2011, 2005: 17, doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(11)62883-2
"A new proton spill from CERN to Gran Sasso", CERN Bulletin (CERN), November 7, 2011, retrieved November 12, 2011
Noorden, R. V. (December 21, 2011), "365 days: 2011 in review", Nature News, Bibcode:2011Natur.480..426V, doi:10.1038/480426a
Nosengo, N. (December 21, 2011), "Dario Autiero: Relativity challenger", Nature News, Bibcode:2011Natur.480..437B, doi:10.1038/480437a
The OPERA collaboration (September 22, 2011). "Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam". arXiv:1109.4897. Bibcode 2011arXiv1109.4897T.
OPERA experiment reports anomaly in flight time of neutrinos from CERN to Gran Sasso, CERN, September 23, 2011, retrieved February 23, 2011. Also includes press releases from November 18, 2011, February 23, 2012, and March 16, 2012. "OPERA's measurement: theory's speaking time", CERN Bulletin, October 24, 2011, retrieved October 28, 2011
Overbye, D. (November 18, 2011), "Scientists report second sighting of faster-than-light neutrinos", New York Times, retrieved November 18, 2011
Palladino, V.; Migliozzi, P.; Kahle, K. (October–December 2011), "A word about faster-than-light neutrinos", EuCARD( European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development) Newsletter (11), retrieved December 19, 2011
Palmer, J. (November 18, 2011), Neutrino experiment repeat at CERN finds same result, BBC, retrieved November 20, 2011
Pease, R. (November 21, 2011), Discovery: Neutrinos, BBC, retrieved November 21, 2011
Ramachandran, R (March 10–23, 2012), "Faster than light?", Frontline 29 (5), retrieved March 11, 2012
Reich, E. S. (September 27, 2011), "Speedy neutrinos challenge physicists", Nature News 477 (520), Bibcode:2011Natur.477..520R, doi:10.1038/477520a
Reich, E. S. (October 20, 2011), "Finding puts brakes on faster-than-light neutrinos", Nature News, doi:10.1038/news.2011.605
Reich, E. S. (November 18, 2011), "Neutrino experiment replicates faster-than-light finding", Nature News, doi:10.1038/nature.2011.9393
Reich, E. S. (February 22, 2012), "Flaws found in faster-than-light neutrino measurement", Nature News, doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10099
Reich, E. S. (February 27, 2012), "Timing glitches dog neutrino claim", Nature News, Bibcode:2012Natur.483...17S, doi:10.1038/483017a
Reich, E. S. (April 2, 2012), "Embattled neutrino project leaders step down", Nature News, doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10371
Rincon, P. (October 28, 2011), Faster-than-light neutrino experiment to be run again, BBC, retrieved October 28, 2011
"Science in action", World Service (BBC), February 23, 2012, retrieved February 23, 2012
Seife, C. (2000), "CERN's gamble shows perils, rewards of playing the odds", Science 289 (5488): 2260, doi:10.1126/science.289.5488.2260
Shiga, D. (December 8, 2011), "Neutrinos give US best shot at post-Tevatron glory", New Scientist, retrieved December 8, 2011
T2K statement on the OPERA anomaly (neutrinos travel faster than light), T2K Collaboration, October 20, 2011, retrieved December 4, 2011
"Tachyon", Encyclopaedia Britannica: Encyclopaedia Britannica Online (Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.), November 21, 2011, "The existence of the tachyon, though not experimentally established, appears consistent with the theory of relativity, which was originally thought to apply only to particles traveling at or less than the speed of light"
"Upstream from OPERA: extreme attention to detail", CERN Bulletin, October 10, 2011, retrieved November 20, 2011
"U.S. scientists to test findings that neutrinos defied physics' basic tenet", International Business Times, September 28, 2011, retrieved October 9, 2011
Wright, A. (2011), "It's a mystery", Nature Physics 7 (833), doi:10.1038/nphys2143, "As the particle physics community struggles to understand the OPERA experiment's seeming detection of superluminal neutrinos, anomalous results from other neutrino experiments are also under scrutiny. The LSND experiment, which ran at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the 1990s, found evidence of neutrino oscillations that didn't tally with the standard model of three neutrino species, or with other experimental data. And MiniBooNE, at Fermilab, has seen excess events that could support a particular explanation of the LSND anomaly [...sterile neutrino]"
Further reading[edit]
Peer reviewed publications[edit]
External links[edit]
- OPERA: What Went Wrong
- BBC documentary on the OPERA result
- OPERA Main Page
- CNGS Neutrino beam at CERN
- OPERA publications
- Webcast of OPERA neutrino anomaly presentation by Dario Autiero
- Works which cite the OPERA result
- Resource list of The Net Advance of Physics
- Another summary of OPERA-related arXiv papers
- CERN OPERA neutrinos travel faster that light, September 22, 2011, YouTube
- The Neutrinos CERN interview.faster than light Einstein might have been wrong?! HD, YouTube, September 23, 2011
- CERN/LNGS researchers' discussion of how to check the time transfer


text:
A collection of news and information related to South Side Irish Parade published by this site and its partners.
Displaying items 1-12 of 31
» View courant.com items only
Next >
Chicago crime overnight report
Tribune reporterA wrap-up of news from the Tribune's breaking news desk. • The zero-tolerance approach to alcohol possession and public urination seemed to work at Sunday's South Side Irish Parade. No arrests were reported, police said, and two citations were...Tags: Chicago Transit Authority
Traditions honored during South Side Irish Parade
Tribune reporterNot even a knee replacement could stop Pat Duignan from marching in the South Side Irish Parade, viewing the event through a mesh eye slot cut in the middle of a shamrock. The 74-year-old parade veteran plodded along 12 blocks of South Western Avenue in...Tags: Leprechauns (legendary entities), Entertainment Events, Festive Events, St. Patrick's Day, Customs and Tradition
Chicago's top Irish stores
Chicago ShoppingUndoubtedly, many retailers around Chicago every St. Patrick's Day season sell the "Kiss me I'm Irish" buttons and green plastic hats, but stores featured here go beyond the clichés of leprechauns and rainbows. From baked goods...Tags: Leprechauns (legendary entities), Dublin (Ireland), Bacon, Foods and Beverages, Inventories
Miller Lite sponsors free St. Pat's shuttles
RedEyeMiller Lite is offering free shuttle rides for the St. Patrick's Day festivities. For the South Side Irish Parade, shuttles will run from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. March 10. The next weekend, shuttles will operate between the Loop, Old Town, Wrigleyville,...Tags: Wrigleyville, St. Patrick's Day, New Year's Day, Chicago Transit Authority
Crackdown coming on South Side Irish Parade brawling
Clout StreetA Southwest Side alderman's plan to prevent a return of rampant drunken misbehavior at the South Side Irish Parade moved a step closer to approval Thursday. Ald. Matthew O'Shea's proposal would stiffen penalties for violations near a parade route....Tags: Festive Events, Punishment, Matthew J. O'Shea, Fines
Chicago plan to double fines for drinking, peeing near parades advances
RedEyeParade-goers drinking in the street could get slapped with a fine of up to $1,000 under a proposal advanced Thursday by a key City Council committee. The original proposal would have doubled the fines for drinking in the public way and public...Tags: Gay Pride Los Angeles, Festive Events, Punishment, Fines
Nov 1: Poll Results
WGN NewsMORNING NEWS POLL: Do you think increasing fines will reduce bad behavior at the South Side Irish Parade? Yes: 26% No: 74% MIDDAY NEWS POLL: Would you be okay with having a digital billboard in your neighborhood? Yes: 36% No: 64% NEWS AT NINE POLL:...Tags: Elections
Alderman: Hike fines at South Side parade or 'idiots will come back'
Tribune reporterThe Southwest Side alderman whose ward hosts the South Side Irish Parade wants to stiffen the repercussions for drinking or publicly relieving oneself around Chicago parade routes to try to prevent a return of the drunken mayhem that briefly forced...Tags: Festive Events, St. Patrick's Day, Punishment, Matthew J. O'Shea, Fines
Aug 2: Poll Results
WGN NewsMORNING NEWS POLL: Do you think birth control pills should be covered by health insurance? Yes: % No: % MIDDAY NEWS POLL: Do you think the South Side Irish Parade should return? Yes: 79% No: 21% NEWS AT NINE POLL: Yes: % No: % THANKS FOR VOTING.Tags: WGN, Elections
Saturday, January 21, 2012
5 - 6 a.m. The Satursday Morning Show with Orion Samuelson and Max Armstrong 5:05 a.m. What are the main concerns of members of the American Farm Bureau going into the 2012 crop year? At the Farm Bureau convention in Honolulu Orion talked to Illinois...Tags: Entertainment Events, TV Guide, Auto Trends, WGN, Game Playing
Friday, March 9, 2012
5:30 - 9 a.m. Jonathon Brandmeier 9 a.m. - 12 p.m. Mike McConnell 9:35 a.m. Its the end of the world as an asteroid is hurdling toward earth. Mike McConnell talks to a NASA expert. 12 - 3 p.m. John Williams 12:05 p.m. John Williams will be...Tags: Chicago Blackhawks Game Tickets, Lotteries, NASA
Mar 11, 2013
|Story| Chicago Tribune
Mar 10, 2013
|Story| Chicago Tribune
Feb 28, 2013
|Story| Chicago Shopping
Mar 1, 2013
|Story| RedEye
Feb 7, 2013
|Story| Chicago Tribune
Feb 7, 2013
|Story| RedEye
Nov 1, 2012
|Story| WGN-TV
Oct 31, 2012
|Story| Chicago Tribune
Aug 2, 2011
|Story| WGN-TV
Jan 18, 2012
|Story| WGN-AM
Feb 3, 2012
|Story| Chicago Tribune
Mar 5, 2012
|Story| WGN-AM
Original site for South Side Irish Parade topic gallery.


text:
"Dating Rules From My Future Self" premieres Aug. 1 on Hulu and Hulu Plus
The second season of the online series "Dating Rules From My Future Self," starring Candice Accola ("The Vampire Diaries"), Reid Ewing ("Modern Family") and featuring a special appearance by Shiri Appleby, debuts exclusively on Hulu and the Hulu Plus subscription service today, Aug. 1, according to a news release.
Beginning Thursday, Aug. 2, the show will also be available on Facebook at www.facebook.com/DatingRules.
A summary of the second season of "Dating Rules From My Future Self," provided in the news release, is as follows:
For 26-year-old Chloe Cunningham (Accola), life is a party and love is the ultimate buzz kill – but her future self knows that dating losers and eating nothing but junk food has Chloe headed down a path to regret and bad hair days. To set her straight, Chloe's older, wiser self Face Times and texts her advice from ten years in the future, thanks to an app provided by season one star, Shiri Appleby. But will knowing what happens next be enough to save Chloe from herself and renew her faith in true love?


text:
We added a faceted search (browse) function and updated the content a little for this user-generated site.
What do you think? Is it easier to find businesses? Does it give a little direction, instead of landing on the home page and being confused as to where to go?
Your feedback is appreciated as always. And, remember...this site is being created as a tool for all the independent, local businesses out there, and we won`t stop until we get it right. We have so many features, visual design enhancements and content addition on our to do list that we can`t get them out fast enough...we`re sorry about that.
But, stay with us and critique on the way, and we`ll help you guys out in the long run.
These forums are great! Thanks to all who have already commented on our other topic.
Emil Wisch
Community Servant & CoCreator
emil [at] urbanmelt.com
Twitter: urbanmelt


text:
Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk Because college classes are boring
19x8.5 in the front with 35 offset 225 35 tires
19x9.5 40 offset in the rear rear 235 35 tires
wheel ADD. looking for something different. Front tires are literally brand new were put on 8/13/12. Rears still in great condition.
Last edited by MkII_Matt; 08-14-2012 at 10:55 PM.


text:
Hot Deals can expire quickly, so older deals (> 24 hours) may have expired. You should also do the following:
Features automatic calibration with ambient light sensor, ample USB inputs (3) for JPG slideshows or Divx movies, and built-in wifi. Features the LG Magic Remote which controls the TV similar to a Nintendo Wiimote. Built-in web apps for Netflix, HULU and more.
1920x1080 @ 1080p; 4 HDMI; HD tuner; 120Hz refresh rate; built-in wifi; LED-edgelit


text:
Item: GG00837PGFSDST
Greasy Groove Tele pickguard with blue alien design. Greasy Groove pickguards are classy, meticulously made pickguards with high resolution graphics. This one will fit most standard Fender Stratocaster.Greasy Groove has been in business since 2003 and is owned and operated by musicians. The founder of the company, Davey Lee Goode, has been working on his own Guitars for over 20 years and has gained a great reputation for his work.
List price: $29.99
You Save: $10.00 (33%)
GG00837PGFSDST - Blue Entity Strat PickguardPrice $19.99
Your Name*
Email Address*
Daytime Phone*
What is 7 plus 9 *


text:
Shopping Cart
My Account
Order Form
LP Aspire Wood Congas are ideal for students, beginners and aspiring musicians. They provide great value at affordable prices. Tunable combination conga set includes height adjustable double stand. Includes one 10" and one 11" Aspire Conga. They provide a great value and are crafted from kiln dried, environmentally friendly Siam Oak.


text:
Deconstructing Harry is my personal favorite
John (and everyone else),
I really enjoyed the section of the Bendis tapes where you and BMB went on a little Woody Allen discussion. I've seen most of his more recent movies, and liked about all of the old ones I've sought out (Take the Money and Run might be my favorite).
I'm going to list all the ones I have seen. Aside from those, which Woody Allen films do you consider essential viewing? I know he's made about 40 films, so I definitely want to get to the best of the best that I've missed out on.
Woody Allen films I've already seen
Take the Money and Run
Annie Hall
Shadows and Fog
Hollywood Ending
Melinda and Melinda
Match Point
Thanks for the advice in advance!
Deconstructing Harry is my personal favorite
First off- Manhattan.
Sweet & Lowdown
Hannah & Her Sisters
Love & Death
Stardust Memories
If you dig what you've already seen (Scoop notwithstanding) pretty much everything in the 70s & 80s have something to like. The 90s through today are way more hit & miss.
Here's a few little woody flicks I still love
The Front-awesome film about the 1950's commie blacklist, directed by Martin Ritt
Broadway danny Rose
Manhattan Murder Mystery
Mighty Aphroditie
If you liked Match Point, I'd point to Crimes and Misdemeanors. Also, Tony's suggestion of Hannah and Her Sisters is golden.
Hit me up on Facebook or Twitter.
Chuck Vs Mal: Two Geeks. One podcast. Many insults.
Originally Posted by Grant Morrison
I think "Everything you wanted to know about sex but were afraid to ask" is worth a watch, but only for the final skit.
Any one heard anything about Cassandra's Dream? Is it the good, the bad, or the ugly?
You gotta check out Manhatten and Love and Death. Bananas is also a must for just insane filmmaking.
But for me, Love and Death gets funnier every time I watch it. The hat and coat that he wears throughout are just too much. And the forced discussions with philosophy with Keaton is such brilliant satire of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.


text:
... Bioconcepts can help
Our new service helps you find the health and beauty products you need. Whether you're looking for a particular brand of toothpaste or a fragrance you cant find in the shops, we can help. Our buying team can seek the items you need from our extensive range of global supplier contacts.
To take advantage of this free service simply complete the form below. We'll be in touch shortly.
Want the latest offers?Sign up for our Email Newsletter to get special offers, information on interesting healthcare issues and new products.


text:
2011 Cadillac CTS-V Coupe 2DR CPE
1 / 6
(210) 798-4500
Used 2011 Cadillac CTS 39,852 miles, Gray
This vehicle is absolutely striking! This Cadillac CTS-V Coupe gets 14 miles per gallon in the city and gets 19 miles per gallon on the highway. Call and speak with one of our sales consultants now to setup an appointment.Features: Power Driver Seat,Mirror Memory,Seat Memory,Supercharged,Locking/Limited Slip Differential,Rear Wheel Drive,Active Suspension,Power Steering,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,ABS,Aluminum Wheels,Tires - Front Performance,Tires - Rear Performance,HID headlights,Fog Lamps,Heated Mirrors,Power Mirror(s),Intermittent Wipers,AM/FM Stereo,CD Player,Navigation System,Premium Sound System,MP3 Player,Auxiliary Audio Input,Hard Disk Drive Media Storage,Satellite Radio,Bluetooth Connection,Bucket Seats,Leather Seats,Heated Front Seat(s),Power Passenger Seat,Driver Adjustable Lumbar,Passenger Adjustable Lumbar,Pass-Through Rear Seat,Rear Bench Seat,Floor Mats,Adjustable Steering Wheel,Leather Steering Wheel,Cruise Control,Steering Wheel Audio Controls,Power Windows,Power Door Locks,Keyless Entry,Engine Immobilizer,Keyless Start,Remote Engine Start,Universal Garage Door Opener,Remote Trunk Release,Security System,Climate Control,Multi-Zone A/C,Rear Defrost,Auto-Dimming Rearview Mirror,Driver Vanity Mirror,Passenger Vanity Mirror,Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror,Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror,Front Reading Lamps,Traction Control,Stability Control,Daytime Running Lights,Front Head Air Bag,Rear Head Air Bag,Passenger Air Bag Sensor,Telematics,Navigation from Telematics,Back-Up Camera,Rear Parking Aid,Tire Pressure Monitor
Body Type:
2dr Car
For sale by:
Dealer - Hyundai NorthWest
Air Bags, CD Player, Climate Control, Cruise Control, Keyless Entry, Navigation System, Power Door Locks, Power Mirrors, Power Steering, Power Windows, Premium Sound System
(210) 798-4500
February 2 on Facebook
Stock ID:
Ask a question or leave a comment...
More About this Listing: 2011 Cadillac CTS-V Coupe 2DR CPE
2011 Cadillac CTS-V Coupe 2DR CPE is a Grey 2011 Cadillac CTS Coupe in San Antonio TX. Find other listings by searching for 2011 Cadillac CTS in San Antonio on Oodle Marketplace.
2011 Cadillac CTS-V Coupe 2DR CPE is a Grey 2011 Cadillac CTS Coupe in San Antonio TX. Find other listings by searching for 2011 Cadillac CTS in San Antonio on Oodle Marketplace.


text:
Just have to say... FRICKEN LOVE, LOVE, LOVE how Kid Rock presented the award tonight on the Billboard Music awards!!!!! That ROCKED and it was fricken awesome!!!!!! xoxoxoxoxox
Comments? Questions? Concerns?
Kid Rock wants to hear about them.
Let us know what you think about the music, shows, merch and all things Kid Rock related here.
Comments? Questions? Concerns?
Kid Rock wants to hear about them.
Let us know what you think about the music, shows, merch and all things Kid Rock related here.
I just got my tix to hartford!!!!!! Sec 200, not so bad. Would have been better but the 2 code words would not come thru. Finally got them (after a mild panic attack) and am happy to be front and center. Bobby, if you could.......... PLEASE PLAY BLUEJEANS AND A ROSARY!!!!!!" You and Sheryl would be great singing that together and you would be doing it for me and the trillion fans that love you!!!! Words cannot express how that song is my life, and I was the one that got to sing it in the middle of the Mohegan Sun casino last year. My voice was horrible but my energy and enthusiasm for those few minutes were the time of my life. Love that song, and everyone that was gathered around the WCCC booth loved it too!
@MICHELE, @LINDA-LOU - You are not looking in the right place. The link to purchase presale tickets is at http://www.kidrock.com/group/kid-rock-congregation/. Please go there for the link and all of the info.
Love everything Kid Rock!! Have all the cd's, key chain, doo rag, etc. Even some MID stuff. Wear my Born Free & Fuck'n 40 shirts all the time!! Would love to have more, but we need some larger sizes for your '"big girl" fans!! I'd love the pink KRC shirt in a big sz! We grow'm big here in Southern Illinois! My 3 teenagers all wear XL & XXL also!! Would wear a different KR shirt everyday if I could find them in 2Xs!!! Please, Please consider this for all of your "corn-fed midwestern" fans!!! Thanks for the option of pre-sale also!! For what I paid thru ticket master for Row 2 floor seats, I could've has a VIP Pkg! The seats were great in Evansville, IN($168. plus fees) but nothing will compare to the VIP offer! Thanks again! See you in St. Louis!!!!
Just wanted to say THANKS for making the purchase of KRC member pre-sales tix SOOOOO F*%KIN' EASY!! no STRESS, THIS TIME! Damn! And I didn't EVEN NEED to "smoke a funny cigarette"! Thank you , thank you, thank you!!! See ya in ATLANTA! CAN'T WAIT! This will be show # 4 for this tour! Keep 'em coming and have fun on the cruise!!! (Wish I were going!!) NEXT YEAR fo' sho'!
Can you do anything about getting a nasty DVD about Kid Rock off of Netflix? I rented it because it was promoted as "archival footage and interviews with the artist himself". It was titled "Insomia" . But, what arrived was actually "Even the Devil Knows My Name" and is TERRIBLE. It looks like someone walked around Romeo with a cheap video camera and interviewed locals who "knew Bobby back when". They even have some skank dancers doing poor impressions of Pam Anderson and the Joe Dirt girl. A lot of old pictures of Kid Rock; no videos; no interview; just some lame ass people trying to get their own 15 minutes of fame! And, Netflix is making money off this?! The reviews on Netflix all say how much the DVD sucks (just wish I had seen them first)
I LOVE LOVE LOVE WHAT YOU DID WITH THE NEW TICKET POLICY! I POSTED A BLOG ABOUT 2 wks before the Memphis TN concert.....I paid $600 for 3 tickets...my daughter is 14 and really appreciates all kinds of music and this one was person she was not missing! She finally hit the age I felt she could go to a concert! he was awsome and now Kidrock is all over her bedroom and she has the keychain, flag, and she worships the T shirt! My choice that night was the Tshirt, keychain and I LOVE THE FLASK!!!!!.........anyway even if the Kid's tickets were misused It was worth every penny! Im so glad to see that yall really care and come up with the new ticket policy. Hopefully it will cut down on the scalpers....they really rip us off! I also think that kidrock sending over a album for our soilders...thats just a awsome move! I know a soldier that was really thankful and very happy to get it! ...Keep it up Kidrock!! You have definitley made your mark and the recognition is long time company. I have one of your first albums from 1990 Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast- "Wax The Booty".....anyway...keep it up! Thanks for the great show in Memphis TN....seen ya about 20 times all over the place,,,,you just keep getting better everytime!
Are you going to have a fan club meet and great, when you come to Paso Robles, I am still trying to get some GREAT tickets to the show. My son-in-law was supposed to get me 4 GREAT tickets and failed me. Is there anyway you can help me, I don't want them for free ( well now thats a lie who wouldn't want them for free) I meant to say I am not asking for 4 free tickets I would pay for them. The ones available are now are awful seats. I have friends flying in from Arkansas to visit me and its my friends husbands 50th birthday. PLEASE tell me you can help me..
I think you are doing an awesome job in everything you do! I know you asked not to email you on upcoming shows but I live in Detroit and will be out of the country for June and July I will be coming back in August! I have never missed a Detroit (or surrounding area even Boyne) concert. I know you usually play at DTE in August. I was thinking of gettting tickets to the Cleveland or Chicago show but if you are going to play at DTE I would rather see you there . I was wondering if there was any I could know if you were coming back to Detroit this summer? Thank you for everything you do and especially everything you do for are military troops!


text:
Did we know about the Borg sooner?
View Single Post
November 13 2012, 12:02 PM
King Daniel
Location: KingDaniel has fallen Into Darkness (in England)
Re: Did we know about the Borg sooner?
But then Enterprise becomes utterly pointless as a prequel! Star Trek XI was intended to be a reboot/alternate reality thing, but Enterprise was always supposed to be a prequel to TOS/TNG and the rest.
What's the point of showing the start of the Coalition/Federation of Planets in "Demons"/"Terra Prime" if it's not THE Federation, but some alternate? Why explain the Klingon foreheads changing if that's not setting up the Klingons of The Original Series? Why make a huge fuss and intergalactic incident over the first Vulcan/human hybrid if not to forshadow Spock?
Star Trek Imponderables
, fun video mashups of Trek's biggest continuity errors.
Episode One
Episode Two
King Daniel
View Public Profile
Send a private message to King Daniel
Find More Posts by King Daniel


text:
10,970pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Expellimellius | |
Incantation |
Expellimellius |
Type | |
Effect |
Unknown |
- "Her curly-haired friend's sleeve had caught fire; Marietta extinguished it with her own wand and glared at Harry as though it was his fault."
- —The only known use of the spell[src]
Expellimellius is a spell that has been known to moderately burn things.
Contents |
Cho Chang accidentally used it instead of Expelliarmus on Marietta Edgecombe when distracted by Harry Potter, catching her sleeve on fire, which Marietta extinguished easily, though she glared at Harry thereafter.
Various etymologies have been suggested, though the exact etymology is unknown; given the context it was probably a mispronunciation of Expelliarmus.
Behind the scenesEdit
- This is almost certainly merely a mispronunciation of Expelliarmus; being distracted by Harry, she said "Expelliarmious" before "Expellimellius" and it is known that when a spell is mispronounced (remember "Wingardliosa") there are ill effects.
- If this is a real spell, it is probably used to burn things, as it does retain the "expel" portion of expelliarmus.
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (First appearance)


text:
We found 1608 items for the tag: Graphic
Oct 30, 2012 6:22 pm
Windows 8's shipping driver for Intel HD graphics has issues with HDMI audio output, here's a fix
Oct 29, 2012 3:46 am
We overclock the Power Edition version of the GTX 650 Ti and see what we can do with the model.
Oct 29, 2012 12:38 am
Oct 29, 2012 12:34 am
Oct 26, 2012 4:55 am
Finishing up the GTX 600 series for the most part we check out the GTX 650 Ti Power Edition from MSI.
Oct 24, 2012 3:08 am
We overclock the Power Edition version of the GTX 650 and see what we can do with the model.
Oct 23, 2012 3:28 pm
We check out the beast that is the DEVIL 13 HD 7990 6GB from PowerColor. Let's see what it's capable of.
Oct 22, 2012 1:38 pm
We see how the lower end options from NVIDIA look with the new MSI GTX 650 1GB Power Edition.
Oct 15, 2012 4:34 am
Physicists still think we could live in a holographic universe
Sep 29, 2012 3:49 am
The latest addition to the Flex Edition series from Sapphire comes in the form of the Radeon HD 7770. Let's check it out.
Sep 28, 2012 9:31 pm
New infographic shows the need to recycle our old electronic devices
Sep 28, 2012 4:18 am
Sep 20, 2012 1:10 am
Unity Engine will now be on the Wii U, Unity and Nintendo sign a deal that will see Unity and its 1.
Sep 13, 2012 1:00 pm
NVIDIA's GEFORCE GTX 660 has officially launched. We take the Twin Frozr option from MSI for a spin and see how it goes.
Sep 11, 2012 1:30 pm
Intel Haswell-based Ultrabook configurations have been unveiled
Sep 10, 2012 3:40 pm
We check out an awesome GEFORCE GTX 680 from the folks over at Inno3D. Let's show you what makes it so awesome.
Sep 5, 2012 8:34 am
We take a look at the overclocking side of things with the upcoming GTX 660 to see what kind of performance we can expect.
Sep 5, 2012 2:38 am
COD: Black Ops 2 to support DX11, this means that there will be no support for Windows XP
Sep 4, 2012 11:23 am
A top 10 list of the most anticipated games coming out in 2012-2013
Sep 3, 2012 4:03 pm
With one more release date to break for the 600 video card series, we check out the upcoming GEFORCE GTX 660 from NVIDIA.
Sep 3, 2012 12:25 am
Next-gen Metal Gear Solid: Ground Zeroes looks mighty impressive
Aug 30, 2012 4:40 am
Ever sat around and wondered what it would be like to have your smartphone or tablet connected to your TV? Pivos delivers exactly that in a tiny attractive package.


text:
During my two week Australian adventure, I had the pleasure of hanging out with a delightful and wise little girl named Ostara. Her mama is the luminous Leonie Dawson, so you can see where she gets her light and wisdom. (Her papa Chris is a sage, kind man with a twinkle in his eye–and you can definitely see that in her as well.)
Today is Starry's second birthday (well, it's March 24th, but it's already that date in Proserpine where she lives), and in celebration of her big day, here is my list of Top Ten Lessons I Learned from her.
1. Most stories deserve to be peppered with giggles… regardless of whether you know why you're laughing.
2. The key to proper dance form: high elbows and a smile.
3. Birds are pretty incredible, and worth pausing what you're doing to marvel at them once in a while.
4. Dogs need not actually be outside to have a fun-filled "walk" on the leash.
5. If you don't want to do something, don't beat around the bush–just say, "No way." (Bonus points for a dismissive wave of the hand accompanying the declaration.)
6. There is never a wrong time to wear your most colorful, sparkliest fairy dress.
7. Always remember to say "Sheesh." (Or "Thank you," if you prefer. But Sheesh is cuter.)
8. Wear what makes you happy and comfortable, even if that means mismatched crocs on the wrong feet.
9. Always greet the people most important to you with (oodles of) unbridled enthusiasm.
10. Knuckle bumps are a fantastic alternative to saying goodbye.
Wishing Starry a very happy second birthday… and wishing all of you a wonder-filled day!
{ 5 comments }


text:
Information for students
- Centre internships
- Student editorships
- Careers in international law
- IX Edition of the VCGM moot court competiton on the International Criminal Court
- Studying international law
- Jessup International Law Mooting Competition
- ELSA Moot Competition on WTO Law
- Vis Arbitral Moot Competition
- Jessup Moot Team Members
- Other Opportunities
Centre internships and the External Placement Program
The Sydney Centre offers two internship positions to Sydney Law School students in each semester of the academic year. Interns must be available to work one day per week for the duration of one semester. Interns are involved in the full range of the Centre's activities, including international law research, drafting legal opinions, policy submissions to parliamentary committees and law reform bodies, hosting public seminars, and the production of the Australian International Law Journal. There are also some administrative duties. Interns report to the Centre Director and will work closely with the Director and other Associates of the Centre.
Click here to read about the experience of a former SCIL Intern
Selection criteria
Applicants must have completed the undergraduate compulsory unit International Law, have a strong overall academic record, and have a demonstrated interest in international affairs or foreign policy.
How to apply
The internships credit towards the External Placement Program in Sydney Law School's undergraduate program. Applicants should accordingly apply for internships by enrolling in the External Placement Program in time for the start of either Semester 1 or Semester 2.
Applications for Centre internships and External Placement Program is now closed.
Student editorships: Australian International Law Journal
Each year the Australian International Law Journal recruits Sydney Law School student volunteers to serve as Student Editors on the Journal.
The Journal is an annual, peer-reviewed journal which publishes in all areas of public and private international law. From 2007, it is a joint publication of the International Law Association (Australian Branch) and the Sydney Centre for International and Global Law in the Faculty of Law. Subscribers include major international and Australian universities, international organisations, governments and international law practitioners.
Student editors will be involved in all aspects of production, including soliciting articles, sending out articles for peer review, editing, style-guiding, cite-checking and proofreading. There may also be the opportunity to write and publish case notes on important recent international law decisions.
Selection criteria
Applicants must have completed the undergraduate compulsory unit International Law, have a strong overall academic record, and have a demonstrated interest in international affairs or foreign policy. Previous editorial experience is an advantage, but not essential.
How to apply
Please send a copy of your CV, academic transcript to date and a half page statement explaining why you would like be a Student Editor, to the law scil administration email address.
Applications for Student editorships is now closed.
Careers in international iaw
There are a surprising number of challenging and rewarding opportunities available to students interested in a future career in international law, but it is often difficult to know where to start. Centre Program Director Dr Fleur Johns has prepared a useful Guide to International Law Careers, available here (PDF), which provides advice on opportunities available.
Australian Permanent Mission to the UN and Conference on Disarmament in Geneva has internships in the disarmament and human rights fields.
Disarmament internship
Human rights internship
Some useful links:
- NSW Young Lawyers Human Rights Opportunities database
- Lawyers Beyond Borders
- Article: 'Career Profile of Dr Ben Saul- Life as an International Lawyer' from the Sydney Globalist
Studying international law
Undergraduate study
Sydney Law School is one of the few Australian law schools in which international law (public and private) is a compulsory undergraduate unit, reflecting the importance that Sydney places on the study of international law. In addition to the compulsory unit, Sydney Law School and the members of the Sydney Centre offer a range of elective units, including: Advanced Public International Law; [Advanced] Private International Law; International Human Rights Law; War Law: Use of Force and Humanitarian Law; International Commercial Transactions; Jessup International Law Moot.
Undergraduate units of study available at Sydney Law School
Postgraduate study
Sydney Law School has developed innovative postgraduate coursework programs specialising in international law, with more than 50 units of study available in international or comparative law.
Sydney also offers highly regarded, advanced research degrees in international law such as the Master of Laws by Research, the Doctor of Philosophy and the Doctor of Juridical Studies.
Jessup International Law Mooting Competition
Sydney Law School students compete annually in the world's most prestigious international law mooting competition, and became world champions in Washington DC in 1996, 2007 again in 2011. The Jessup Moot provides competitors with an unparalleled opportunity to work closely in a team to represent fictional States in a hypothetical case before the International Court of Justice on cutting-edge areas of international law.
Teams must prepare detailed and lengthy written submissions (two 9,000 word Memorials) and then moot against other teams from around Australia at the Australian Regional Rounds. The two finalist teams will then travel to Washington to compete in the International Rounds against teams from around the world.
Why do it?
- Most demanding and rewarding work you will do as an undergraduate student
- Take your legal knowledge and expertise to the limit of the law in an area of study
- Foundation for postgraduate studies and professional career
- Intense training in mooting and oral advocacy
- Most prestigious competition for law students in the world
- Recognised as a mark of excellence
- Recognised alternative to doing a summer clerkship
- Past participants have gone on to work at the UN (ICTY, ICTR, UNCC, UNHCR); ICC; Office of International Law, Cth AG's; DFAT; London, Sydney and New York Bar; Red Cross etc
- Full subject credit points (8)
- If win or come runner-up in Australia, flights to and accommodation in Washington DC
What we are looking for
- 5 positions, with 2-3 reserves
- Academic excellence
- Mooting or public speaking experience (note that the ability to express thoughts clearly is essential)
- Very hard workers
- Good team players
The course is highly demanding and it is recommended that members of the Jessup team do not undertake work or other commitments over the summer vacation.
For further information concerning the Jessup Moot competition generally, see the International Law Students Association (ILSA) website.
ELSA Moot Competition on WTO Law
The ELSA Moot Court Competition (EMC²) is a simulated hearing in the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system. Competitor teams represent both the Complainant and Respondent parties to the Case by presenting oral submissions in front of a Panel. EMC² Panels consist of WTO law experts and are referred to as Panellist. The Competition provides students with the opportunity to put theory into practice, thereby complimenting their formal legal education.
Contact the Centre for more information about the next competition.
Vis Arbitral Moot Competition
The Willem C. Vis Moot and the related Vis Moot (East) seek to foster the study of international commercial law and arbitration for resolution of international business disputes through its application to a concrete problem of a client. The moot involves questions of contract flowing from a transaction relating to the sale or purchase of goods under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and other uniform international commercial law in the context of an arbitration pursuant to specified Arbitration Rules
For more information about the next competition, see the briefing paper.
Associate Professor Chester Brown
Faculty Coordinator
Other Opportunities
Projects Abroad
Projects Abroad offer volunteer opportunities in 26 developing countries including internships in International Law and Human Rights in Ghana and South Africa.
International Law and Human Rights Internships in Ghana |
International Law and Human Rights Internships in South Africa |
World Food Programme, Legal Office Rome Italy
The World Food Programme (WFP) is the world's largest humanitarian organization and the United Nations frontline agency in the fight against global hunger. The core policies and strategies that govern WFP activities are to provide food aid to save lives in refugee and other emergency situations; to improve the nutrition and quality of life of the most vulnerable people at critical times in their lives; and to help build assets and promote the self-reliance of poor people and communities.
Click here for information on internships.
CHRI Opportunites
There are frequent opportunities at CHRI to work in the headquarters in Delhi, the Africa office in Accra, Ghana or liaison office in London.
Students reading law or social sciences may intern with at any of the three offices for short term or long term internships of up to a year.
Graduates in law, social sciences or other relevant disciplines are welcomed on a volunteer basis to intern for periods ranging from 3 months to a year.
Graduates in law, social sciences or other relevant disciplines if willing to commit for up to one year at headquarters may apply for a stipendiary position as program assistants, researchers.
Graduates with a minimum of 2 years work experience may apply for program officer positions if willing to commit for two years or more. Salaries are local and shared accommodation (at headquarters only) may be provided to candidates from abroad if available.
Please inquire about specific current vacancies or send job applications with a cv statement of purpose, references and short original writing sample to: email@example.com or visit www.humanrightsinitiative.org to find out more.
Australian Indigenous Mentoring Experience (AIME)
Opportunity for Sydney Law School students to volunteer to mentor Indigenous High School Students
For further informaiton see the flyer.
Jessup Moot Team Members
Louise Coleman
Katherine Connolly
Giselle Kenny
Alistair Oakes
Daniel Ward
Pat Bateman
Chris Beshara
Glenn Kembrey
Chelsea Tabart
Pat Wall
Christine Ernst
Callista Harris
Naomi Hart
Matthew Kalyk
David Robertson
Adriana Edmeades
Angela Ha
Nik Kirby
Ryan May
Annelise Young
Joel Gilbourd
Laura Johnston
Lucas Bastin
Odette Murray
Fiona Roughley
Natasha Simonsen
Zelie Wood


text:
Now Playing
Connect with Us
Podcasts & RSS Feeds
All Content |
View all podcasts & RSS feeds |
Most Active Stories
- Poll Shows Major Support for Medical Marijuana in Kentucky
- Department of Education Says Midnight Meetings for Dropout Grants Unnecessary
- Recurring Trials for an Iranian Family – A Microcosm of the Persecution of the Baha'is in Iran
- TVA Eyes Closing Power Units at Shawnee Fossil Plant, Other Coal Facilities
- Boating Accident on Kentucky Lake Kills Fisherman
8:23 am
Tue February 19, 2013
Small Business Disaster Loan Deadline Approaches
Small businesses and agriculture operatives have less than a month left to apply for federal economic injury disaster loans as result of this summer's drought. The deadline for the Small Business Administration assistance is March 12. Loans through the program can be up to $2 million with interest rates as low as four percent for eligible small businesses and three percent for nonprofits.
Businesses in the following counties are eligible for the SBA's Economic Injury Disaster Loan program: Ballard, Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, Calloway, Carlisle, Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Fulton, Graves, Grayson, Hancock, Henderson, Hickman, Hopkins, Livingston, Logan, Lyon, Marshall, McCracken, McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Simpson, Todd, Trigg, Union, Webster and Warren.
Eligible businesses and nonprofits can apply online at https://disasterloan.sba.gov/ela.


text:
Shabby Chic St. Patrick Day Wreath Ideas
Decorate for St. Patrick's Day with a fun and festive wreath that is still chic enough to fit in with your decor. Be inspired by these seven ideas.
Categories: Holiday, St. Patricks Day Tags: shabby chic wreaths, st patrick day ideas, st patricks day wreaths, wreath ideas