Collagen plays a major role in providing mechanical support within the extracellular matrix and thus has long been used for various biomedical purposes. Exemplary, it is able to replace damaged tissues without causing adverse reactions in the receiving patient. Today's collagen grafts mostly are made of decellularized and otherwise processed animal tissue and therefore carry the risk of unwanted side effects and limited mechanical strength, which makes them unsuitable for some applications e.g., within tissue engineering. In order to improve collagen-based biomaterials, recent advances have been made to process soluble collagen through nature-inspired silk-like spinning processes and to overcome the difficulties in providing adequate amounts of source material by manufacturing collagen-like proteins through biotechnological methods and peptide synthesis. Since these methods also open up possibilities to incorporate additional functional domains into the collagen, we discuss one of the best-performing collagen-like type of proteins, which already have additional functional domains in the natural blueprint, the marine mussel byssus collagens, providing inspiration for novel biomaterials based on collagen-silk hybrid proteins.


This paper proposes a high capacity audio watermarking algorithm in the logarithm domain based on the absolute threshold of hearing (ATH) of the human auditory system (HAS) which makes this scheme a novel technique. The key idea is to divide the selected frequency band into short frames and quantize the samples based on the HAS. Apart from remarkable capacity, transparency and robustness, this scheme provides three parameters (frequency band, scale factor, and frame size) which facilitate the regulation of the watermarking properties. The experimental results show that the method has a high capacity (800 to 7000 bits per second), without significant perceptual distortion (ODG is greater than - 1) and provides robustness against common audio signal processing such as added noise, filtering and MPEG compression (MP3).


We demonstrate that radically differing implementations of finite element methods are needed on multicore (CPU) and many-core (GPU) architectures, if their respective performance potential is to be realised. Our experimental investigations using a finite element advection-diffusion solver show that increased performance on each architecture can only be achieved by committing to specific and diverse algorithmic choices that cut across the high-level structure of the implementation. Making these commitments to achieve high performance for a single architecture leads to a loss of performance portability. Data structures that include redundant data but enable coalesced memory accesses are faster on many-core architectures, whereas redundancy-free data structures that are accessed indirectly are faster on multi-core architectures. The Addto algorithm for global assembly is optimal on multi-core architectures, whereas the Local Matrix Approach is optimal on many-core architectures despite requiring more computation than the Addto algorithm. These results demonstrate the value in making the correct choice of algorithm and data structure when implementing finite element methods, spectral element methods and low-order discontinuous Galerkin methods on modern high-performance architectures. Copyright c © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this study, I investigated the short run impact on macroeconomics variables in Ecuador, economic growth and inflation specifically, due to world oil price and global food price shocks, considered these last two, as external variables. The model used to explain the dynamic of variables was the structural vector autoregression (SVAR), with annual data from 1980 to 2015. I concluded that oil price shocks affect positively to economic growth in Ecuador during two consecutive years, and then it returns to its natural state gradually. No enough statistically significant evidence was found, to conclude the global food index affect economic growth or inflation in Ecuador. Inflation neither showed significant response to oil price shocks. Considering the small sample in this study, due to unavailability of domestic economic data, the model resulted stable, and it is in line with arguments from other authors. Oil price shocks are a very important variable to keep watching, as Ecuador still depends on it, any government macroeconomic policy should be focus to it.


Reflecting on real-time imagery and sounds experiences is thinking about a wide range of possibilities and experiences for humanity, from the earliest times. Because the real-time audiovisual experiences are numerous in time and space, and already widely quoted in different studies, this presentation aims to make a more restricted cut off to real-time audiovisual experiences in the contemporary cinematographic field: an art, medium and an expanding process that culminates in the existence of a semiotic phenomenon, performed mainly through experimental modes, not necessarily with the presence of performers in front of the screen, but mainly with the presence of the author(s) directing the audiovisual experience in real-time, together with the technological apparatus, the cast, and the viewers, all participants in the editing and exhibition of the audiovisual work at the same time as it occurs, in direct transmission to the cinema screen, monitors, digital screens or architectural spaces. Based on audiovisual works carried out between 2007 and 2017 we will develop a reflection and analysis of the poetic and techniques of audiovisual experiences in real-time. In order to understand with a closer look the possibilities of creation in live cinema and contribute with reflection on these forms of the contemporary audiovisual, whose means and processes are in continuous expansion of its borders. In aesthetics of the cinema, this research follows in continuity to the studies and practices of the experimental cinema, and in its vertex to the expanded cinema.


This paper examines the implications for strategic trade policy of different assumptions about precommitment. In a dynamic oligopoly game with learning by doing, the optimal first-period subsidy is lower if firms cannot precommit to future output than if they can; and is lower still if the government cannot precommit to future subsidies. In the linear case the optimal subsidy is increasing in the rate of learning with precommitment, but decreasing in it if the government cannot precommit. The infant-industry argument is thus reversed in the absence of precommitment, which has important implications for economic policy in dynamic environments.


False positive identifications are a significant problem in metagenomic classification. We present KrakenHLL, a novel metagenomic classifier that combines the fast k-mer based classification of Kraken with an efficient algorithm for assessing the coverage of unique k-mers found in each species in a dataset. On various test datasets, KrakenHLL gives better recall and F1-scores than other methods, and effectively classifies and distinguishes pathogens with low abundance from false positives in infectious disease samples. By using the probabilistic cardinality estimator HyperLogLog (HLL), KrakenHLL is as fast as Kraken and requires little additional memory.


Airborne Doppler radar documented a variety of convective-scale structures within the inner-core rainbands of Hurricane Rita (2005). As predicted by past studies, wind shear determined azimuthal variations in the convection. All convective-scale circulations had radial inflow at low levels, upward motion, and outflow in the midtroposphere. Convective cells at smaller radii contained a low-level tangential jet determined largely by tangential acceleration due to angular momentum conservation (uy/r term), while cells at larger radii contained a low-level and/or midlevel jet determined jointly by the uy/r and vertical advection terms. The outflow was at a higher (lower) altitude for the outer (inner) cells. Radial variations in the convective cells are attributable to differencesin buoyancy and vertical shear of the radial wind (›u/›z). More buoyant updrafts at larger radii enhance vertical advection of y, creating local tangential jets at midlevels. At smaller radii the stronger low-level radial inflow contributes to a greater›u/›z, confining convectively generated jets to low levels. The low-level tangential jet and convectively generated pressure gradients produce outward-pointing supergradient acceleration that decelerates the boundary layer inflow. Consequently, this supergradient flow will enhance convergence and convection at the radius of inner rainbandcells, increasing the likelihoodof secondary eyewall formation. It is hypothesized that a critical zone for secondary eyewall formation exists where sufficiently high ›u/›z consistently constrains the altitudes of convectively generated supergradient flow so that convection in this radial zone leads to a newly developed eyewall. Once an incipient secondary eyewall forms at a certain radius, subsidence occurring along its inner edge separates it from the primary eyewall.


Abstract A common precursor to ice shelf disintegration, most notably that of Larsen B Ice Shelf, is unusually intense or prolonged surface melt and the presence of surface standing water. However, there has been little research into detailed patterns of melt on ice shelves or the nature of summer melt ponds. We investigated surface melt on Larsen C Ice Shelf at high resolution using Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) data and explored melt ponds in a range of satellite images. The improved spatial resolution of SAR over alternative approaches revealed anomalously long melt duration in western inlets. Meteorological modelling explained this pattern by föhn winds which were common in this region. Melt ponds are difficult to detect using optical imagery because cloud-free conditions are rare in this region and ponds quickly freeze over, but can be monitored using SAR in all weather conditions. Melt ponds up to tens of kilometres in length were common in Cabinet Inlet, where melt duration was most prolonged. The pattern of melt explains the previously observed distribution of ice shelf densification, which in parts had reached levels that preceded the collapse of Larsen B Ice Shelf, suggesting a potential role for föhn winds in promoting unstable conditions on ice shelves.


In this paper, we follow the model presented in our previous work [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B30, 1109 (2013)], in which the interaction between a Λ-type three-level atom and a quantized two-mode radiation field in a cavity in the presence of nonlinearities was studied. After giving a brief review of the procedure for obtaining the state vector of the atom-field system, we investigated some further interesting and important physical features of the whole system state, which are of particular interest to the quantum optics field of research, i.e., the number-phase entropic uncertainty relation (based on the two-mode Pegg–Barnett formalism) and a few of the nonclassicality signs that consist of sub-Poissonian statistics, Cauchy–Schwartz inequality, and two types of squeezing phenomena. During our presentation, the effects of intensity-dependent coupling, deformed Kerr medium, and the detuning parameters on the depth and domain of each of the mentioned nonclassical criteria of the considered quantum system are described in detail. The results show that each of the mentioned nonclassicality aspects can be obtained by appropriately choosing the related parameters.


Petroleum systems modelling is used in industry to understand and predict the interplay between the main elements of a petroleum system. This is done using numerical modelling because it cannot possibly be done experimentally given the geological time- and space scales. Such models describe the geological processes forward in time and, therefore, generate a single unique solution for a given input dataset. The evidence from data is, in most cases, insufficient to remove any ambiguities. Therefore, it is more interesting to know how much this uncertainty can be reduced, or how wrong it still might be, rather than knowing the right answer. Given the uncertainty of model outcomes, the appropriate solution should, therefore, be probabilistic rather than deterministic, where the variance expresses the remaining uncertainty in the outcome covering all possible valid geological scenarios. This paper describes how experimental design and response surface analysis can be used to perform sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in petroleum generation and migration modelling, focusing on trapped volumes derived from its drainage area. Map properties are parameterized as end-member scenarios, either as discrete or linearly varying maps. Regression coefficients indicate a good representation of trapped hydrocarbon volume by the response surface. In the example presented, hydrocarbon volume is most sensitive to fault characteristics, total organic carbon content and, to a lesser degree, to thickness of the source rock and heat flow. Well data allow a significant reduction of uncertainties, which can be shown by the probability distribution that becomes narrower but remains similar in form. The volume probability distribution of the prospect is multimodal for a discrete parameter scenario and log-normal for both discrete or uniform input distributions. Volume distributions result directly from the deterministic modelling without any prior statistical assumption on the form of the distribution.


Tidal flood is a water inundation phenomenon happened on the coast of the mainland or the coast which is caused by the tides of the sea. Tidal flood causes inundation on the certain parts of the mainland due to land altitude is lower than sea level at high tides. Some beaches around Gianyar, Bali, potentially experience a tidal flood. There is no research about tidal flood in Gianyar regency yet gives impact to the information about areas that potentially experience a tidal flood. This study aimed to determine the distribution of flood-prone areas in Gianyar Regency. Remote sensing and other spatial data by using scoring methods were utilized to determine prone areas of tidal flood. The parameters used included land elevation, distance area from shoreline, distance area from river, slope, land cover, and soil types. Result of the study shows that the 1104 ha of the total research area 66,37 ha or 6,02% are vulnerable areas, 684,51 ha or 62,00% are quite vulnerable area, and 353,12 ha or 31,98% are classified as non-prone areas. Spatial distribution of tidal flood potential in Gianyar Regency includes Rangkan Beach, around Purnama Beach, Saba Beach, Keramas Beach, Pering Beach, Lebih Beach and the west side of Siyut Beach . Observations and interviews toward vulnerable areas were conducted as the validation of the result of the study.


The aerosol scattering (σsp) and absorption (σap) coefficients and single scattering albedo (SSA) were continuously measured and analyzed at an urban site in Wuhan of central China from November 2014 to July 2017. The average σsp (532 nm), σap (532 nm), and SSA in Wuhan during the study period were 244 ± 212 Mm–1, 27 ± 17 Mm–1, and 0.86 ± 0.09, respectively. The aerosol optical properties had pronounced and distinctive diurnal cycles in the Wuhan area. The σsp and σap exhibited the highest values between 06:00 and 08:00 local time (LT) and the lowest values between 14:00 and 16:00 LT, which was mainly due to being coupled with increasing traffic emissions. PM2.5 was a major contributor to the large optical parameters. During pollution periods, the mean σsp (624 Mm–1) was roughly 3 times that during clean periods (214 Mm–1), and the σap (58 Mm–1) was about 2.5 times that during clean periods (24 Mm–1). The wind speed and direction also strongly affected the aerosol optical properties during the different periods. The high σsp and σap values for the pollution periods were accompanied by calm winds (0–2 m s–1), from 0° to 45°, whereas the low σsp and σap values of the clean periods were observed with high wind speeds (above 4 m s–1), from 0° to 90°. Moreover, the σap showed a clear positive correlation (R2 = 0.412) with the PM2.5 concentrations for the clean periods, whereas the σsp had a good positive correlation (R2 = 0.406) with the PM2.5 concentrations during the pollution periods.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc) on patients' health status, and to identify the contributions to health status of different manifestations of lcSSc.

METHODS
The Short Form 36 questionnaire was completed by 213 patients with lcSSc or Raynaud's syndrome and an antinuclear antibody typical of lcSSc as part of the baseline visit of the Quinapril in Scleroderma trial. Results were analyzed after correcting for age and sex using the Welsh Health Survey. Patients' results were related to their clinical characteristics.

RESULTS
The mean physical component score (PCS) was 44.0 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 42.5, 45.5), which was lower than the population norm of 50, and the median mental component score (MCS) was 52.2 (95% CI 48.5, 54.3). Raynaud's disease visual analog scale (VAS) scores, lung function, the number of organ systems affected, and skin score were significantly correlated with PCS. The total score (TDS) of an SSc severity scale showed the highest correlation. The effect of lcSSc on PCS was worse in younger patients. Multiple regression including age demonstrated that Raynaud's disease severity could predict a reduction in PCS beyond that predicted by TDS. Raynaud's disease severity and duration of lcSSc were linked to low MCS. Arthritis reduced PCS and esophageal involvement reduced PCS and MCS.

CONCLUSION
Physical health status of patients with lcSSc was reduced, with 30% of the variation predicted by TDS, age, and severity of Raynaud's disease VAS. Mental health status was not reduced in this population.


Thermal simulation test, TEM(Transmission Electron Microscope) and nanobeam EDS techniques were used to investigate the dissolving and precipitation behavior in Nb-bearing mciroalloyed steel. The experimental results indicate that: there are two families of precipitates in the as forged samples. The larger precipitates of Nb(C,N) disappear after being held for 2h at 1300°C,while the inclusions of MnS formed from the solidification even remain for 48h held at that temperature. After 30% of predeformtion at 850°C and 900°C, the strain-induced precipitation occurs, that is, the other tiny precipitates. Compared with the samples relaxed at 850°C, the ones that are held at 900°C show larger particles by same holding time but demonstrate the same size when the relaxation time reaches 1000s.


Automatic detection and classification of cardiac arrhythmias from a limited number of ECG signals is of considerable importance in critical care or operating room patient monitoring. We propose a method to accurately classify the heartbeat of ECG signals through the artificial neural networks (ANN). Feature sets are based on Heartbeat intervals, RR intervals and Spectral entropy of the ECG signal. The ability of properly trained artificial neural networks to correctly classify and recognize patterns makes them particularly suitable for use in an expert system that aids in the interpretation of ECG signals. In the present work the ECG data is taken from standard MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The proposed method is capable of distinguishing the normal beat and 9 different arrhythmias. The overall accuracy of classification of the proposed approach is 99.02%. The results of the analysis are found to be more accurate than the other existing methods. Detection and classification of cardiac signals is important for diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities and hence any automated processing of the ECG that assists this process would be of assistance and is the focus of this paper.


The paper presents an investigation of the use of two alternative forms of CNF formulae—prime implicates and minimal CNF—to compactly represent belief states in the context of conformant planning. For each representation, we define a transition function for computing the successor belief state resulting from the execution of an action in a belief state; results concerning soundness and completeness are provided. The paper describes a system (PIP) which dynamically selects either of these two forms to represent belief states, and an experimental evaluation of PIP against state-of-the-art conformant planners. The results show that PIP has the potential of scaling up better than other planners in problems rich in disjunctive information about the initial state.


The most challenging in speech enhancement technique is tracking non-stationary noises for long speech segments and low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Different speech enhancement techniques have been proposed but, those techniques were inaccurate in tracking highly non-stationary noises. As a result, Empirical Mode Decomposition and Hurst-based (EMDH) approach is proposed to enhance the signals corrupted by non-stationary acoustic noises. Hurst exponent statistics was adopted for identifying and selecting the set of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) that are most affected by the noise components. Moreover, the speech signal was reconstructed by considering the least corrupted IMF. Though it increases SNR, the time and resource consumption were high. Also, it requires a significant improvement under nonstationary noise scenario. Hence, in this article, EMDH approach is enhanced by using Sliding Window (SW) technique. In this SWEMDH approach, the computation of EMD is performed based on the small and sliding window along with the time axis. The sliding window depends on the signal frequency band. The possible discontinuities in IMF between windows are prevented by the total number of modes and the number of sifting iterations that should be set a priori. For each module, the number of sifting
iterations is determined by decomposition of many signal windows by standard algorithm and calculating the average number of sifting steps for each module. Based on this approach, the time complexity is reduced significantly with suitable quality of decomposition. Finally, the experimental results show the considerable improvements in speech enhancement under non-stationary noise environments.


The modification of myoglobin is an attractive process not only for understanding its molecular mechanism but also for engineering the protein function. The strategy of myoglobin functionalization can be divided into at least two approaches: site-directed mutagenesis and reconstitution with a non-natural prosthetic group. The former method enables us to mainly modulate the physiological function, while the latter has the advantage of introducing a new function on the protein. Particularly, replacement of the native hemin with an artificially created hemin having hydrophobic moieties at the terminal of the heme-propionate side chains serves as an appropriate substrate-binding site near the heme pocket, and consequently enhances the peroxidase and peroxygenase activities for the reconstituted myoglobin. In addition, the incorporation of the synthetic hemin bearing modified heme-propionates into an appropriate apomyoglobin mutant drastically enhances the peroxidase activity. In contrast, to convert myoglobin into a cytochrome P450 enzyme, a flavin moiety as an electron transfer mediator was introduced at the terminal of the heme-propionate side chain. The flavomyoglobin catalyzes the deformylation of 2-phenylpropanal in the presence of NADH under aerobic conditions through the peroxoanion formation from the oxygenated species. In addition, modification of the heme-propionate side chains has an significant influence on regulating the reactivity of the horseradish peroxidase. Furthermore, the heme-propionate side chain can form a metal binding site with a carboxylate residue in the heme pocket. These studies indicate that modification of the heme-propionate side chains can be a new and effective way to engineer functions for the hemoproteins.


High-performance processors usually require large amounts of power for their operation. Adapting resources in such processors is very relevant as each application and distinct use of the system has a different demand. A frequent use of adaptation is to have the processor operating in either high-performance or low-power mode. In this work we analyze how power and performance change while modifying most of the resources in a processor. This leads to identifying which resources are more important for adaptation. This analysis was performed for three distinct workloads: multimedia, scientific, and database. Four criteria were defined to limit the adaptation range considering the cost and/or the efficiency of the system. The results of our experiments showed that the resource to be adapted depends on the: (1) operating mode (e.g. low-power or high-performance); (2) the workload; and (3) the criteria. Overall, for our baseline processor configuration, the dominant resources to be adapted are the voltage-frequency and the first-level instruction cache. Adapting resources may lead to an increase in the performance by up to 44% or a reduction in power by up to 93% with no restrictions. For configurations of the same cost and efficiency as the baseline, adaptation of resources may improve the performance by 33% or reduce the power by 34%.


In many areas of computing, techniques ranging from testing to formal modeling to full-blown verification have been successfully used to help programmers build reliable systems. But although networks are critical infrastructure, they have largely resisted analysis using formal techniques. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new network architecture that has the potential to provide a foundation for network reasoning, by standardizing the interfaces used to express network programs and giving them a precise semantics. This paper describes the design and implementation of the first machine-verified SDN controller. Starting from the foundations, we develop a detailed operational model for OpenFlow (the most popular SDN platform) and formalize it in the Coq proof assistant. We then use this model to develop a verified compiler and run-time system for a high-level network programming language. We identify bugs in existing languages and tools built without formal foundations, and prove that these bugs are absent from our system. Finally, we describe our prototype implementation and our experiences using it to build practical applications.


Abstract:Ceremonial leaders from the four Blackfoot Nations of Siksika, Piikani, Kainai, and the Blackfeet work together to pursue the shared goal of accessing museum collections for the collective good of their communities. They also favor an approach that draws on Blackfoot concepts of consensus to allow them to make meaningful relationships with museum workers. This article focuses on the Black-foot Collections in UK Museums Network, which has aimed to generate and exchange knowledge about little-studied Blackfoot cultural items in British collections. In order to undertake this work, the network established a way of working shaped by Blackfoot concepts of co-existence and practices of relationship-building as well as by current approaches in museum anthropology, which foreground dialogic models yet acknowledge their limitations. Through an ethnographic discussion of the network's reciprocal meetings, held between 2013 and 2015 in Blackfoot territory in Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA, and in museums in southern England, I examine how Blackfoot practices of co-authoring relationships can shape new relations with museum staff who are critically evaluating the possibilities for collaboration.


Abstract The microstructure and mechanical properties of Zr48Cu48 − x Al4M x (M ≡ Fe or Co, x = 0, 0.5, 1 at.%) metallic glass (MG) composites are highly dependent on the amount of Fe or Co added as microalloying elements in the parent Zr48Cu48Al4 material. Addition of Fe and Co promotes the transformation from austenite to martensite during the course of nanoindentation or compression experiments, resulting in an enhancement of plasticity. However, the presence of Fe or Co also reduces the glass forming ability, ultimately causing a worsening of the mechanical properties. Owing to the interplay between these two effects, the compressive plasticity for alloys with x = 0.5 (5.5% in Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 and 6.2% in Zr48Cu47.5Al4Fe0.5) is considerably larger than for Zr48Cu48Al4 or the alloys with x = 1. Slight variations in the Young's modulus (around 5–10%) and significant changes in the yield stress (up to 25%) are also observed depending on the composition. The different microstructural factors that have an influence on the mechanical behavior of these composites are investigated in detail: (i) co-existence of amorphous and crystalline phases in the as-cast state, (ii) nature of the crystalline phases (austenite versus martensite content), and (iii) propensity for the austenite to undergo a mechanically-driven martensitic transformation during plastic deformation. Evidence for intragranular nanotwins likely generated in the course of the austenite–martensite transformation is provided by transmission electron microscopy. Our results reveal that fine-tuning of the composition of the Zr–Cu–Al–(Fe,Co) system is crucial in order to optimize the mechanical performance of these bulk MG composites, to make them suitable materials for structural applications.


Using the climate model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM in an idealized framework, we assess three data-assimilation methods for reconstructing the climate state. The methods are a nudging, a particle filter with sequential importance resampling, and a nudging proposal particle filter, and the test case corresponds to the climate of the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during the past 150 years. The data-assimilation methods constrain the model by pseudo-observations of surface air temperature anomalies obtained from the same model but different initial conditions. All three data-assimilation methods provide with good estimations of surface air temperature and of sea ice concentration, with the nudging proposal particle filter obtaining the highest correlations with the pseudo-observations. When reconstructing variables that are not directly linked to the pseudo-observations such as atmospheric circulation and sea surface salinity, the particle filters have equivalent performance and their correlations are smaller than for surface air temperature reconstructions but still satisfactory for many applications. The nudging, on the contrary, obtains sea surface salinity patterns that are opposite to the pseudo-observations, which is due to a spurious impact of the nudging on vertical exchanges in the ocean.


Summary

The behaviour of a translocated group of 11 Rothschild's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi Lydekker) was studied for 9 weeks in 1968. A comparison was made between their new and former habitats, the food plants eaten in both places, and behaviour.

For 3 1/2 months after release, they appeared to have settled in the area, but they suddenly started extending their range.

Possible reasons are suggested for their failure to stay in the release area and their eventual disappearance.


Abstract Most compositional distributional semantic models represent sentence meaning with a single vector. In this paper, we propose a structured distributional model (SDM) that combines word embeddings with formal semantics and is based on the assumption that sentences represent events and situations. The semantic representation of a sentence is a formal structure derived from discourse representation theory and containing distributional vectors. This structure is dynamically and incrementally built by integrating knowledge about events and their typical participants, as they are activated by lexical items. Event knowledge is modelled as a graph extracted from parsed corpora and encoding roles and relationships between participants that are represented as distributional vectors. SDM is grounded on extensive psycholinguistic research showing that generalized knowledge about events stored in semantic memory plays a key role in sentence comprehension.We evaluate SDMon two recently introduced compositionality data sets, and our results show that combining a simple compositionalmodel with event knowledge constantly improves performances, even with dif ferent types of word embeddings.


Understanding the evolution of the solar system, as well as its current volatile content, requires knowledge of the initial conditions present in the solar nebula. As some of the first objects to accrete in the solar nebula, cometary nuclei are among the most primitive remnants of solar system formation, and their present-day volatile composition likely reflects the composition and conditions where (and when) they formed. As such, the volatile compositions of cometary nuclei may serve as "fossils" of solar system formation. High-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy offers a valuable tool for sampling the primary volatile (i.e., ices subliming directly from the nucleus) composition of comets via analysis of fluorescence emission in cometary comae. Sampling fluorescence emission from a suite of primary volatiles has become possible from state-of-the-art ground-based observatories. An overarching goal of comet volatile composition studies is determining whether comets can be classified according to their volatile content and what this reveals about the history of the early solar system. Early work produced encouraging results, but recent work has left pressing questions regarding whether a compositional taxonomy based on near-infrared measurements is feasible, as well as how to place such measurements into a meaningful context. These include questions such as: Are observed systematic compositional differences between ecliptic comets and Oort cloud comets the result of evolutionary effects or reflective of formative conditions? Is temporal variability in coma composition a common phenomenon, and if so, how can present-day measurements be related to natal solar system conditions? This work examines these questions in the context of near-infrared measurements of an Oort cloud comet, a Jupiter-family comet, and an ecliptic comet. The interplay between evolutionary effects, formative conditions, and temporal variability is examined in the context of the evolving composition-based taxonomy and the interpretation of the results of comet composition studies.


The center of activities of Santiago de Chile has been continuously evolving towards the eastern part of the city, where the most affluent residents live. This paper characterizes the direction and magnitude of this evolution through an indicator stating how much the built surface area for service purposes grows in different areas in the city. To identify the impact of this evolution, we compare residents' travel-time distributions from different sectors in the city to the central area. This travel-time comparison is focused on the sectors where informal settlements were massively eradicated between 1978–1985 and those areas where the settlements were relocated. This analysis show that this policy and the consequent evolution of the city were detrimental to the affected families, significantly increasing average travel time to the extended center of the city and inequality among different socioeconomic groups in the city. Although the phenomenon is quite visible to everyone, it has not received any policy reaction from the authority. These findings suggest that middle and low-income sectors would benefit if policies driving the evolution of the center of activities towards them were implemented.


In the heavy vehicle industry customers, laws and increasingly complex processes demand methods of supervising every aspect of a truck. Fault isolation systems are introduced to do just that. In order to assure a sustainable development new types of isolation systems are investigated to substitute the consistency based isolation systems of today.In this thesis an application of a probabilistic isolation method that ranks possible faults on their likeliness of being a fault in the process is implemented and evaluated as a possible future replacement of today's system. This method bases the isolation on training data collected from measurements on the process and observation of the process.The probabilistic isolation method is evaluated on hos it performs under different circumstances such as the effort of different amounts of training data and how well it performs if the tests and observations of the process are of varying quality.Solution to several problems that arise when this method is implemented are also investigated such as how the system handles cases where several faults occur at the same time, what happens if there are missing data in the observations of the system and how to solve problems that involve execution times which is important in embedded systems.The results that are derived show that this probabilistic isolation system performs well on the process as it is today and that this is a good substitute when developing for future processes. There is however a need for further development of the system such as improved isolation when there are several faults present in the process and questions on how to collect and store the training data still remain to be answered. A full scale implement would allow for better comparison with the current system and give more information on runtime and storage problems.


This article is based on a study by Mason Marshall Reading Plato's Dialogues to Enhance Learning and Inquiry. Exploring Socrates' Use of Protreptic for Student Engagement. The author makes, inter alia, analyses of the Plato's dialogue Euthyphro and emphasizes the ways of promoting and encouraging Socrates used for self-evaluation and conscious reflection in the interlocutor. By focusing his work on Socrates' use of protreptic, Marshall proposes a practical approach to reading Plato, illustrating how his writings can be used to enhance intrinsic motivation amongst students and help them develop the thinking skills required for democratic and civic engagement.
The article shows how to practically apply a protreptic in didactics; it also points to the work of Ole Fogh Kirkeby who writes about similar matters and justifies the use of traditional teaching methods in a modern school.


The designer of IF amplifiers for color television receivers is confronted with the problems inherent in black-and-white amplifiers, plus new problems introduced by the addition of the chrominance subcarrier and its sidebands. This paper evaluates these problems as they affect the design of the IF amplifier. The principal problem is that of providing adequate rejection at 41.25 mc without introducing excessive delay in the color sideband region which is separated from the sound carrier by less than 1 per cent of the signal frequency. Novel non-minimum phase shift trap circuits are described which provide the required attenuation with low delay distortion.


In Van cats, changes in serum mineral (Na-Sodium, K-Potassium, Ca-Calcium, P-Phosphorus, Mg-Magnesium, Cl-Chlorine and Fe-Iron) and metabolite concentrations (TG-Triglycerides, COL-Cholesterol, T.Prot.-Total protein and ALP-Alkaline phosphatase) were investigated before, during and after the pregnancy. A total of 22 mature cats (19 queens and 3 fertility-proven tomcats) were used as material. Thereafter, 13 queens showed oestrus while others (n=6) did not. Samples of venous blood were collected from anoestrous and oestrous queens upon hand-mating, on the 54th day. After parturition (n=7), the number of live kittens was recorded and additional samples were collected on the 5th, 12th and 19th days of lactation. Results were also considered for small (n=3) and large number (n=4) of suckling kittens (≤4 or >4 litters, resp.). For minerals, there was a significant (P<0.01) fluctuation in K levels during the prolonged lactation with large number of suckling kittens. However, significant (P<0.05) decrease was found for P value as the lactation period prolonged. Meanwhile, for metabolites, TG levels in previously-mated queens (becoming pregnant or not) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than those both in anoestrus and in lactation. Also, COL levels in pregnant queens were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in all other occasions and further that there were significant decreases in COL levels both in the first and the second weeks of lactation. Collectively, present findings suggest that; a) the concentrations of K and P minerals and metabolites studied per se (TG, COL, T.Prot. and ALP) changed markedly during the late pregnancy and prolonged lactation, and b) declines in minerals (P) and metabolites (COL) become even greater when the number of suckling kittens increased in queen Van cats during breeding season.


Abstract The iconic plains bison (Bison bison) have been reintroduced to many places in their former range, but there are few scientific data evaluating the success of these reintroductions or guiding the continued management of these populations. Relying on mark–recapture data, we used a multistate model to estimate bison survival and breeding transition probabilities while controlling for the recapture process. We tested hypotheses in these demographic parameters associated with age, sex, reproductive state, and environmental variables. We also estimated biological process variation in survival and breeding transition probabilities by factoring out sampling variation. The recapture rate of females and calves was high (0.78 ± 0.15 [SE]) and much lower for males (0.41 ± 0.23), especially older males (0.17 ± 0.15). We found that overall bison survival was high (>0.8) and that males (0.80 ± 0.13) survived at lower rates than females (0.94 ± 0.04), but as females aged survival declined (0.89 ± 0.05 for F ≥15 yr old). Lactating and non-lactating females survived at similar rates. We found that females can conceive early (approx. 1.5 yr of age) and had a high probability (approx. 0.8) of breeding in consecutive years, until age 13.5 years, when females that were non-lactating tended to stay in that state. Our results suggest senescence in reproduction and survival for females. We found little support for the effect of climatic covariates on demographic rates, perhaps because the park's current population management goals were predicated from drought-year conditions. This reintroduction has been successful, but continued culling actions will need to be employed and an adaptive management approach is warranted. Our demographic approach can be applied to other heavily managed large-ungulate systems with few or no natural predators.


Abstract Questions: What are the colonization trends in vegetated vs. bare-ground plots over a 10-year period in a central Alpine glacier foreland? What are the long-term effects of artificial seed addition to these plots? Location: Glacier foreland of the Rotmoosferner in the Central Alps, Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria, 2380 – 2400 m a.s.l. Methods: A total of 40 permanent plots were established on moraines ice-free for 35 and 50 years on vegetated and bare-ground areas. Half of them were treated with a seed mixture in 1996 and 1997. Number and cover of the species were recorded in 1996 and from 2002/2003 to 2006. Results: Species richness doubled in the control plots and tripled in seeded plots on the 35-year-ice-free moraine. On the 50-year-ice-free moraine the increase in species number was more modest. Significant site, seeding and time effects were found. Seed addition had no effects in the bare-ground plots on the older moraine and low effects in those on the younger moraine. All plots showed significant changes in cover of single species. The pioneer species decreased significantly in both moraines, in the control as well as in the seeded plots. A disappearance during the next years is predicted. Conclusions: Colonization in bare-ground plots is limited by a lack of safe sites, whereas vegetated plots facilitate recruitment and establishment. Colonization on the glacier foreland is also dispersal limited. Seed addition enhanced the presence of already established species, and late successional species were newly introduced. Nomenclature: Fischer et al. (2005).


Objective: To establish the normative frequency of POR *28 genetic variant in South Indian population. Methods: This study is a genetic epidemiological study conducted on healthy volunteers belonging to south India. A total of 108 healthy volunteers who satisfied the eligibility criteria were included in the study. The DNA isolation was done using the QIAGEN Blood DNA isolation kit (Qiagen). The genotyping for POR *28 polymorphism was done using TaqMan genotyping master mix kits (Applied Biosystems) in real-time polymerase chain reaction platform. The data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Hardy–Weinberg principle was tested using the Chi-square test. Results: The genotyping of the POR *28 showed that the wild-type (homozygous) in the south Indian population was 41.7% and heterozygous and mutant type as 47.2% and 11.1%, respectively. The allele frequency showed that the minor allele frequency (MAF) was 34.7% in the south Indian population. This distribution of allele frequency was found to be significantly different from that of African–Americans 0.191 (95% confidence interval 0.157, 0.231). It was not statistically significant when compared to Caucasians 0.264 (0.228, 0.304); Chinese 0.367 (0.319, 0.419); Mexicans 0.310 (0.265, 0.360); and Japanese 0.40 (0.339, 0.464). Conclusion: The frequency distribution of POR *28 genetic variant was established in the south Indian population. The MAF was found to be 34.7% which was significantly different from other major ethnic groups.


This study examines the implications of cropping systems on soil properties with a view to identify the soil parameters that are degraded for effective management and sustainable crop production in rural communities of Kwara state Nigeria. Two large farms operating on mono cropping and mixed cropping systems were identified and soil samples were collected from 25m x 25m quadrat demarcated on each of the farmland and adjacent fallow land (control) within the same geological settings and ecological zone. Sixty soil samples were collected from the three different sites in a typical rural community of Kwara State, Nigeria at 0-20cm depth. Essential soil elements that are relevant to soil fertility were analyzed using standard laboratory analytical procedures. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize and draw inferences from the results. Analysis of Variance was used to establish significant differences within and between the means of the soil elements of the fallow land and those of the two cropping practices. The analysis of variance revealed that the means of soil parameters were significantly different within and among the three sampled sites. There is a general reduction in the nutrient contents of the soils under the two cropping systems, when compared with the contents on fallow land. Consequently, a significant variation in crop output is inevitable. This means that the cropping systems have effects on soil elements, fertility status and has implications for agricultural productivity. Therefore, it is expedient to generate appropriate environmentally friendly soil management techniques suitable for each cropping system in other to enhance soil fertility and sustain food production in the rural farming communities of Kwara State, Nigeria.


This paper is about the logics of how practitioners and their clients use divination in their ongoing involvement with everyday life. It asks philosophical questions of the implications of praxis and suggests that the answers are not always what philosophers might expect. I distinguish two uses or aspects of divinatory usage: that concerned with the present or past, diagnosis, and that concerned with the future, prognosis or prediction. Divinatory practice often contains both aspects; however, the distinction helps our understanding of how divination is used. Examples are taken from Evans-Pritchard on Zande divination (oracles) and from my ongoing work on Mambila spider divination. Some parallels are drawn with ambiguities in financial measures and the ways in which they are used to justify decisions about the systems they "measure." Social predictions similarly move between styles of usage (exemplified by Merton's self-fulfilling prophecy). The idea of divinatory logics moves us from the sphere of philosophy to a less rigorously defined sphere of social interaction, where what counts as success may be that we have changed the world so that a statement of fact does not obtain. In a world of counterfactual conditionals, the diviner, not the philosopher, is king.


Frost cracks are common in northern hardwood stands near their northern range limits. Although they have long been attributed to the regional climate, temperature fluctuations result in surface cracks largely when internal wounds are present. We examined the relationship between the proportion of trees with frost cracks and both tree-level diameter class and stand structural characteristics in primary stands with a history of minimal logging (n 4) and 67- to 97-year-old second-growth stands subjected to past heavy partial cuts and high grading (n 8). We hypothesized that frost crack incidence would (1) be greater in the second-growth stands and (2) be associated with differences in structural attributes between the two stand types. High levels of frost cracking in primary stands indicated that cracks are not completely avoidable. However, the proportion of trees with frost cracks was significantly higher in second-growth than primary stands, particularly on small-diameter trees. For example, the odds for frost cracking were 1.66‐3.74 times greater in second-growth than in primary stands in the 15-cm diameter class, but were not different in the 45-cm diameter class. Frost cracking was positively associated with increasing diameter in both stand types. Structural characteristics reflecting tree size, stand basal area, and basal area of hardwoods were positively associated with the proportion of trees with frost cracks in second-growth stands but not in primary stands. Although the basal area of conifers was negatively associated with frost cracking, the effect was likely due to a reduction in hardwood basal area in the vicinity of conifers. We suggest that greater frost crack incidence in second-growth stands is likely a consequence of injuries to residual trees during selective logging.


A research study was conducted (1) to examine the practices employed by US manufacturers to achieve productivity goals and (2) to understand what level of intelligent maintenance technologies and strategies are being incorporated into these practices. This study found that the effectiveness and choice of maintenance strategy were strongly correlated to the size of the manufacturing enterprise; there were large differences in adoption of advanced maintenance practices and diagnostics and prognostics technologies between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Despite their greater adoption of maintenance practices and technologies, large manufacturing organizations have had only modest success with respect to diagnostics and prognostics and preventive maintenance projects. The varying degrees of success with respect to preventative maintenance programs highlight the opportunity for larger manufacturers to improve their maintenance practices and use of advanced prognostics and health management (PHM) technology. The future outlook for manufacturing PHM technology among the manufacturing organizations considered in this study was overwhelmingly positive; many manufacturing organizations have current and planned projects in this area. Given the current modest state of implementation and positive outlook for this technology, gaps, future trends, and roadmaps for manufacturing PHM and maintenance strategy are presented.


This study was an attempt to produce bio-oil from empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm waste using fast pyrolysis technology. A 150 g/h fluidised bed bench scale fast pyrolysis unit operating at atmospheric pressure was used to obtain the pyrolysis liquid. A comparison of the elemental composition of unwashed and washed feedstock was made in this study. With the five methods of treatment being considered, elements such as Al, P, Cl, Ti, Fe and Cu were removed during the washing. However, Na, S and K decreased with the reduction of the ash content of the feedstock. The properties of the liquid product were analysed and compared with wood derived bio-oil and petroleum fuels. The liquids produced had high acid content, with a High Heating Value (HHV) of about 50% of conventional petroleum fuel. The char content was in the range of 0.2–2.0%. The composition and particle size distribution of the washed and unwashed feedstock were determined, and the thermal degradation behaviour was analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The product yield for washed EFB was similar to that of low ash wood, while the product yield for unwashed EFB was much closer to that of higher ash feedstock. The pyrolysis liquids derived from unwashed EFB were found to be in both an aqueous and an organic phase, which presents challenges for their commercial application as a fuel. Some possibilities of upgrading were also discussed in this work.


Small Rab GTPases, the largest group of small monomeric GTPases, regulate vesicle trafficking in cells, which are integral to many cellular processes. Their role in neurological diseases, such as cancer and inflammation have been extensively studied, but their implication in kidney disease has not been researched in depth. Rab3a and its effector Rabphillin-3A (Rph3A) expression have been demonstrated to be present in the podocytes of normal kidneys of mice rats and humans, around vesicles contained in the foot processes, and they are overexpressed in diseases with proteinuria. In addition, the Rab3A knockout mice model induced profound cytoskeletal changes in podocytes of high glucose fed animals. Likewise, RphA interference in the Drosophila model produced structural and functional damage in nephrocytes with reduction in filtration capacities and nephrocyte number. Changes in the structure of cardiac fiber in the same RphA-interference model, open the question if Rab3A dysfunction would produce simultaneous damage in the heart and kidney cells, an attractive field that will require attention in the future.


This analysis of American politics today is done through the lens and style of Raymond Chandler. And it is brilliant. Frank dissects the murky world of right wing politics with precision and a sharp wit. It is a better book than his much praised What's the Matter With Kansas?, ,partly because he paints on a bigger canvas and partly because this book does read like a thriller. It is a thriller about the corporate capture of Government in the United States of America. What's new about that, you might well think? Hasn't the ruling class always controlled Government? The point, however, is that until the Reagan years and beyond, some countervailing power, some Government autonomy existed. The liberal state from FDR up until Reagan did regulate and even govern, however inadequately, in the interests of common folk as well as the wealthy. This book is a lament to the fact that this liberal state has been smashed by conservatives— the wrecking crew of the title—who shore up corporate power in the name of smaller government. Meanwhile, Government does not get smaller, the military-industrial complex that Eisenhower warned against takes over, the Fat Cats get fatter and Wall Street crows. Until, of course, it all come tumbling down. Frank's book finishes before this turn of events but the story he tells contains many warning signs. This journal article is available in Illawarra Unity Journal of the Illawarra Branch of the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History: http://ro.uow.edu.au/unity/vol8/iss1/14


This thesis develops a trainable object-recognition algorithm. This algorithm represents objects using their salient features. The algorithm applies an attention mechanism to speed up feature detection. A trainable component-based object recognition system which implements the developed algorithm has been created. This system has two layers. The first layer contains several individual feature classifiers. They detect salient features which compose higher level objects from input images. The second layer judges if those detected features form a valid object. An object is represented by a feature map which stores the geometrical and hierarchical relations among features and higher level objects. It is the input to the second layer. The attention mechanism is applied to improve feature detection speed. This mechanism will lead the system to areas with a higher likelihood of containing features when a few features are detected. Therefore the feature detection will be sped up. Two major experiments are conducted. These experiments applied the developed system to discriminate faces from non-faces and to discriminate people from backgrounds in thermal images. The results of these experiments show the success of the implemented system. The attention mechanism displays a positive effect on feature detection. It can save feature detection time, especially in terms of classifier calls.


Haiku have attracted interest among educators and teachers because of their aesthetic, intellectual, and therapeutic possibilities. Teachers whose interest is piqued might turn to online resources as haiku are not yet officially taught in teacher education programs. This paper is designed to investigate the discourses of resources concerning haiku that teachers might find online. Drawing on a discourse analysis, this study reveals two different discourses: (a) a talking about haiku discourse, which includes topics concerning theoretical aspects of haiku; and (b) a talking/doing haiku discourse, which concerns modelling haiku. The latter shows a movement toward an authentic practice in teaching haiku instead of using only a metalanguage approach. Based on the findings, an increased initial focus on the actual doing (talking) haiku is suggested preceding the elaboration of historical and other structural information to enhance its potential benefits.


Internationalization is often mentioned in university strategies nowadays. Strong efforts are made by university leaders to strengthen their position in a global market. A central factor behind this tendency is the global rankings of academic institutions. Against this backdrop, the present paper discusses the characteristics of higher education and four modes of internationalization: (a) Import of Ideas; (b) Outsourcing; (c) Insourcing; and (d) Foreign Direct Investments. It is concluded that the most significant mode of internationalization in higher education is constituted by the Import of Ideas to the home institution. In addition, it is pointed out that the striving for reputation on the home market is an important motive behind the other three modes of internationalization, all three of which have particular drawbacks to be dealt with by university leaders.


Although the extant literature on corporate finance has largely focused on capital investments, relatively less attention has been paid to identify how research and development (R&D) related investments are financed. This study empirically tests the relationship between the different financing sources used by firms and their intensity of R&D in the rapidly growing economy of China. Furthermore, we posit that the firm's choice to adopt the finance source for R&D will change if the firm is likely to be in financial constraints. This study finds out an empirical evidence that internally generated cash flows, bank debt, and seasonal public offerings (SPOs) stipulate a positive impact on R&D of Chinese firms, whereas the issuance of bond impacts it negatively. The study also confirms that financially constrained firms perceive the impact of financing sources on their R&D differently than non-financially constrained firms do. Results also slightly differ between high-tech and non-high-tech firms.


The Swedish forest sector is analyzed, using methods drawing on traditional (forest) market analysis and industrial organization literature. Models based on economic theory are tested empirically with time-6eries data. Paper [1] deals with how the pulp and paper industry manages wood supply risk. It appears as if the import of wood is not counter-cyclical to the domestic supplies of wood. Instead, the inventory is used to absorb unexpected shifts in supply. In paper [2], the supply behaviour is compared between different categories of forest owners. The supply elasticities with respect to prices are found to be much smaller in this study, which is based on quantities of thinning wood and final felling wood, than in other studies using pulpwood and sawtimber quantities. Only small differences are found between owner categories. Paper [3] attempts to estimate parametrically the market power (the 'markdown') of the assumedlv monopsonistic pulp and paper industry, using a restricted Gene ralized Leontief (GL) profit function to model the production structure. The hypothesis of a competitive market can be rejected, when the alternative hypothe sis is a variable degree of market power. Paper [4] clarifies some notions raised by the use of the restricted GL profit func tion. A specification of the profit fuction is proposed, where linear homogeneity in the fixed factor is nested in the non-homogeneous case. The final paper [5] explores the weakening of a natural resource monopsony's market power, if time-consistency (or subgame-perfection) is required in a twoperiod model. The analysis resembles that of a monopoly selling a durable good (Coase conjecture). The monopsony does loose market power, but its position is strengthened if the resource is renewable or if it grows between periods.


A meso-mechanical testing scheme based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) is developed to carry out the experiment of microfracturing process of rocks. The microfracturing process of the sample on surrounding rock in immerged Long-big tunnel in Jinping Cascade II Hydropower Station under uniaxial compression is recorded by using the testing scheme. According to digital image processing theory, the meso-structural information of rock microfracture such as length, angle, area, etc are obtained from SEM images. Then, the meso-structural information of microfracturing process under uniaxial compress is analysized and the distribution regularities of microfracture parameters are generalized extreme value distribution with variable parameters. The process was described of the damage from the perspectives of macro-and micro-scale under the uniaxial compression loads.


On‐farm anaerobic digestion (AD) of wastes and crops can potentially avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but incurs extensive environmental effects via carbon and nitrogen cycles and substitution of multiple processes within and outside farm system boundaries. Farm models were combined with consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) to assess plausible biogas and miscanthus heating pellet scenarios on dairy farms. On the large dairy farm, the introduction of slurry‐only AD led to reductions in global warming potential (GWP) and resource depletion burdens of 14% and 67%, respectively, but eutrophication and acidification burden increases of 9% and 10%, respectively, assuming open tank digestate storage. Marginal GWP burdens per Mg dry matter (DM) feedstock codigested with slurry ranged from –637 kg CO2e for food waste to +509 kg CO2e for maize. Codigestion of grass and maize led to increased imports of concentrate feed to the farm, negating the GWP benefits of grid electricity substitution. Attributing grass‐to‐arable land use change (LUC) to marginal wheat feed production led to net GWP burdens exceeding 900 kg CO2e Mg−1 maize DM codigested. Converting the medium‐sized dairy farm to a beef‐plus‐AD farm led to a minor reduction in GWP when grass‐to‐arable LUC was excluded, but a 38% GWP increase when such LUC was attributed to marginal maize and wheat feed required for intensive compensatory milk production. If marginal animal feed is derived from soybeans cultivated on recently converted cropland in South America, the net GWP burden increases to 4099 kg CO2e Mg−1 maize DM codigested – equivalent to 55 Mg CO2e yr−1 per hectare used for AD‐maize cultivation. We conclude that AD of slurry and food waste on dairy farms is an effective GHG mitigation option, but that the quantity of codigested crops should be strictly limited to avoid potentially large international carbon leakage via animal feed displacement.


In the period from 1923 to 1946, the new regime was consolidated through a series of radical secularizing reforms. In order to make these reforms acceptable to a wider public, the new Republic tried to build a secular Turkish identity that does not include Islam. High school history textbooks were prepared to this end in 1931. It has generally been argued that the transition to a multi-party regime constituted a break by opening greater space for religion in society. However, the Kemalist Project to develop a secular Turkish identity without Islam ended in 1942, i.e. during the single-party rule of the Republican People's Party (RPP). The reasons behind this change show that the RPP was a more heterogeneous party in terms of the views of its policy-makers on religion.


Recent studies find interannual (i.e., 3 to 7 year), decadal (i.e., 9 to 13 year), and interdecadal (i.e., 18 to 23 year) periodicities, and a trend dominating global sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) variability over the past hundred years, with the interdecadal signal dominating sub-El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) frequencies. We isolate interdecadal frequencies in SST and SLP records by band passing with a window admitting 15 to 30 year periods. From 1900 to 1989, the rms of interdecadal-filtered SST and SLP anomalies is largest in the extratropics and eastern boundaries. First-mode empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) explain about half the interdecadal variance in both variables, with the tropical warm phase peaking near 1900, 1920, 1940, 1960, and 1980. From 1955 to 1994, EOF spatial patterns of interdecadal SST, SLP, and 400m temperature (T400) anomalies reveals global reflection symmetries about the equator and global translation symmetries between ocean basins, with tropical and eastern ocean SSTs warmer (cooler) than normal, covarying with stronger (weaker) extratropical westerly winds, cooler (warmer) SSTs in western-central subarctic and subantarctic frontal zones (SAFZs), stronger (weaker) subtropic and subarctic gyre circulations in North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, and warmer (cooler) basin and global average SSTs of 0.1°C or so. Evolution of interdecadal variability from the tropical warm phase to the tropical cool phase is propagative, also characterized by reflection and translation symmetries. During the tropical warm phase, cool SST anomalies along western-central SAFZs are advected slowly eastward to the eastern boundaries and subsequently advected poleward and equatorward by the mean gyre circulation, the latter conducting extratropical SST anomalies into the tropics. A delayed action oscillation model is constructed that yields the quasiperiodicity of interdecadal variability in a manner consistent with these global symmetries in both pattern and evolution.


When designing or analyzing multi-agent systems, a fundamental problem is responsibility ascription: to specify which agents are responsible for the joint outcome of their behaviors and to which extent. We model strategic multi-agent interaction as an extensive form game of imperfect information and define notions of forward (prospective) and backward (retrospective) responsibility. Forward responsibility identifies the responsibility of a group of agents for an outcome along all possible plays, whereas backward responsibility identifies the responsibility along a given play. We further distinguish between strategic and causal backward responsibility, where the former captures the epistemic knowledge of players along a play, while the latter formalizes which players – possibly unknowingly – caused the outcome. A formal connection between forward and backward notions is established in the case of perfect recall. We further ascribe quantitative responsibility through cooperative game theory. We show through a number of examples that our approach encompasses several prior formal accounts of responsibility attribution.


Abstract: Skrjabinema kamosika sp. n. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) is described based on both sexes collected from endemic Japanese serows, Capricornis crispus (Mammalia: Bovidae), of Wakayama Prefecture, western Honshu Island, and Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku Island, Japan. It is readily distinguished from the congeners by having tricuspid sub-interlabial projections in males, large triangular lateral lobes of the lips that do not reach the mouth rim, and a large length ratio of alate/nonalate portions of the tail in females. Close identity in the nucleotide arrangement of ITS2 region between the present material and that from C. crispus of Iwate Prefecture, northern Honshu Island, suggests wide distribution of S. kamosika in Japan. In partial 18S rDNA nucleotide sequence, 0.77% differed from that of Skrjabinema sp. from Capra hircus in the United States.


The Ethernet and field-bus communications are used in the machine control system (MCS) of HL-2A. The control net, with a programmable logic controller (PLC) as its logic control master, an engineering control management station as its net server, and a timing control PC connected to a number of terminals, flexibly and freely transfers information among the nodes on it with the Ethernet transmission techniques. The PLC masters the field bus, which carries small pieces of information between PLC and the field sites reliably and quickly. The control net is connected into the data net, where Internet access and sharing of more experimental data are enabled. The communication in the MCS guarantees the digitalization, automation and centralization. Also provided are a satisfactory degree of safety, reliability, stability, expandability and flexibility for maintenance.


We explore the generalization of scattering transforms from traditional (e.g., image or audio) signals to graph data, analogous to the generalization of ConvNets in geometric deep learning, and the utility of extracted graph features in graph data analysis. In particular, we focus on the capacity of these features to retain informative variability and relations in the data (e.g., between individual graphs, or in aggregate), while relating our construction to previous theoretical results that establish the stability of similar transforms to families of graph deformations. We demonstrate the application the our geometric scattering features in graph classification of social network data, and in data exploration of biochemistry data.


Fragmentation of the healthcare system and lack of connectivity between in-hospital and community services, have posed an impact on management of patients with chronic conditions. As self-management is an essential component in chronic disease management model and pharmacists are underutilized in Hong Kong, this study developed a consensus-based policy framework on pharmacist-led self-management using a Delphi panel consisted of medical doctors, pharmacists, Chinese medicine practitioners and dispensers. We had studied a local population survey to understand the use of over-the-counter medication, conducted focus groups and telephone survey to explore the views of the four health professions and the general population, respectively, on pharmacist-led approach in self-management. The find- ings served as the base for developing the self-administered questionnaire in Delphi. A total of 19 experts completed the questionnaires and rated the validity and clarity of each statement in a 9-point scale. The Delphi process was completed in two rounds. Community pharmacists could only play an assisting role in patient self-management. They should focus primarily on drug-related issues and were suggested to work on lifestyle modifications collaboratively with physicians and nurses. The government has to develop supportive measures to enhance pharmacist-led patient self-management in the future.


BACKGROUND
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland, but its association with human milk composition and infant growth is not well described.

OBJECTIVES
We investigated whether SCM, milk cytokines, and/or estimated intakes of milk minerals and trace elements were associated with infant anthropometry or growth velocity before 6 mo.

METHODS
Breast milk was collected from Mam-Mayan mothers (n = 114) at both early (2-46 d) and established (4-6 mo) lactation. Concentrations of 9 elements (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, zinc) analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to estimate infants' daily intakes. Concentrations of 4 cytokines were measured. Milk concentrations and infants' estimated elemental intakes and anthropometric measurements during early and established lactation were compared by SCM status. Multiple regression was used to identify factors associated with infant growth attainment (<46 d) for infant weight- (WAZ), length- (LAZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCAZ) and weight-for-length (WLZ) z scores and with growth velocity (expressed as Δ/d) from early to established lactation.

RESULTS
SCM prevalence was higher in early (30%) than established (10%) lactation. Breast milk of SCM mothers had higher cytokine concentrations and higher magnesium in early and higher selenium concentrations in both early and established lactation (Padj < 0.0121). At day 46, regression models showed inverse associations of SCM with WLZ and IL-1β with LAZ (Padj < 0.0150). In contrast, linear growth velocity was positively associated with IL-1β measured in early lactation (Padj  < 0.0124), whereas cranial growth velocity was positively associated with IL-8 measured during established lactation ( Padj < 0.0124).

CONCLUSIONS
Despite a high prevalence of inadequate intakes, only infants' intake of milk magnesium during early lactation was associated with linear growth velocity in breastfed infants <6 mo. Evidence shows that SCM, breast-milk cytokines, and infants' estimated intakes of select elements are independently associated with growth attainment and growth velocity during lactation.


The very fact that utility maximization in real business cycle and New Keynesian models is intertemporal suggests the possibility of a Fisherian intertemporal futures market, which is not state-contingent. Ex-ante speaking, the addition of a futures market does not result in any difference, but the addition does make difference ex-post. Furthermore, New Keynesian models rely on nominal effects, and what would introduction of a Fisherian futures market mean for these models? This paper answers this question by presenting a model that features Fisherian intertemporal futures markets.


Field campaigns were conducted to determine indoor emissions of carbonaceous aerosols and other air pollutants from household fuel burning in southwest China. "1-h peak" concentrations of CO, PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 were 14.0 ppm, 200, 220, and 260 µg/m3 for wood and 10.3 ppm, 80, 110, and 180 µg/m3 for coal, respectively. Daily average levels of CO, PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 were 5.7 ppm, 100, 110, and 160 µg/m3 for wood and 6.0 ppm, 50, 70, and 100 µg/m3 for coal, respectively. For wood and coal, particle size distribution show a prominent Aitken mode with peaks at around 40–80 nm. Emission factors of BC and OC were 0.57 and 2.69 g/kg for wood and 0.01 and 0.31 g/kg for coal, respectively. The total BC emissions from wood and coal (anthracite) burning in China were 63.3 Gg in 2000 and 81.6 Gg in 2005, respectively


Many scenarios in the sciences and engineering require simultaneous optimization of multiple objective functions, which are usually conflicting or competing. In such problems the Pareto front, where none of the individual objectives can be further improved without degrading some others, shows the tradeoff relations between the competing objectives. This paper analyzes the Pareto front shape for the problem of quantum multi-observable control, i.e., optimizing the expectation values of multiple observables in the same quantum system. Analytic and numerical results demonstrate that with two commuting observables the Pareto front is a convex polygon consisting of flat segments only, while with non-commuting observables the Pareto front includes convexly curved segments. We also assess the capability of a weighted-sum method to continuously capture the points along the Pareto front. Illustrative examples with realistic physical conditions are presented, including NMR control experiments on a 1 H- 13 C two-spin system with two commuting or non-commuting observables.


Coral reef ecosystems are declining worldwide, yet regional differences in the trajectories, timing and extent of degradation highlight the need for in-depth regional case studies to understand the factors that contribute to either ecosystem sustainability or decline. We reconstructed social-ecological interactions in Hawaiian coral reef environments over 700 years using detailed datasets on ecological conditions, proximate anthropogenic stressor regimes and social change. Here we report previously undetected recovery periods in Hawaiian coral reefs, including a historical recovery in the MHI (∼AD 1400–1820) and an ongoing recovery in the NWHI (∼AD 1950–2009+). These recovery periods appear to be attributed to a complex set of changes in underlying social systems, which served to release reefs from direct anthropogenic stressor regimes. Recovery at the ecosystem level is associated with reductions in stressors over long time periods (decades+) and large spatial scales (>103 km2). Our results challenge conventional assumptions and reported findings that human impacts to ecosystems are cumulative and lead only to long-term trajectories of environmental decline. In contrast, recovery periods reveal that human societies have interacted sustainably with coral reef environments over long time periods, and that degraded ecosystems may still retain the adaptive capacity and resilience to recover from human impacts.


The evolution of supply chain management and practice has had an integral and expanding role in contemporary global economic and socio-political change over the past 25 years or so. Thi srole is moving closer to centre stage with the emergence of business models equating to 'total product systems'. The impacts of advanced supply chain practice include driving fundamental changes in approach to product design, the concept of 'product', production methods, distribution, marketing, aftermarket support and end-of-life (EOL) reprocessing. Viewed in their full context, methods in supply chain management (SCM) have major influences on societal functioning and on economic development at global, national and local levels. Even the supply chains for simple products can involve several different industries and link many companies, large and small. Those for complex products may span several technological domains and economic sectors, linking hundreds or sometimes thousands of companies.


OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to evaluate the enamel whitening effects of 2 new test formulations, one of which was a rinse, and the other a whitening strip.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty enamel chips were prepared from 20 healthy extracted teeth (2 from each tooth). After pre-staining and colorimetry to measure L* and b* values, 20 matched samples were immersed in either test or control rinses, and then colorimetry was performed again after 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr and 48 hrs (Each hour equates to one month of clinical use at the recommended dosage of 1 minute exposure 2 times a day). The remaining 20 matched samples were exposed to the test or control whitening strips and colorimetry was performed every 30 minutes for a total of 10 treatments.

RESULTS
Overall, the whitening performance of test and control strips was similar. The test and control rinses had a similar lightening effect over the first 3 hours (equivalent to 3 months of clinical use). Subsequently, the control rinse continued to lighten samples, whereas the test rinse had little further effect.

CONCLUSION
Test and control-whitening strips showed similar effects; over time whitening strips showed a greater lightening effect than whitening rinses.


Risks in the maritime domain have various sources, of which the transportation of oil and other noxious products is one of key concern to industry and public stakeholders. Operational or accidental releases of oil or other pollutants from ships or offshore facilities into the marine environment can have disastrous effects on the marine ecosystems, while also leading to very significant economical losses. Therefore, national states have implemented various mechanisms for preventing and responding to pollution in the maritime domain, with activities which are often embedded in regional cooperation frameworks clustered around certain sea areas. To support collaborative, harmonized, and risk-informed oil spill Pollution Preparedness and Response (PPR) planning for response authorities, the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM), together with its research partners, and with extensive end-user and stakeholder inputs, have developed the OpenRisk Toolbox. This toolbox includes several risk assessment tools and techniques, which can assist in providing answers to a range of PPR risk management questions in a range of organizational contexts. To better understand and ensure the applicability and usefulness of the OpenRisk Toolbox, a workshop was organized where some of these tools were tested. Selected end user and stakeholder views on the perceived usefulness of the tools were collected and analyzed. Another workshop focused on further development needs to implement the tools in organizational practices. This paper first presents the OpenRisk Toolbox, then describes the settings of the workshops. Finally, a summary of the end-user and stakeholder views on the tested tools, and on future development needs, is given. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 13


To better understand the factors controlling carbon dioxide (CO2) production and transport in soil, we developed a new method to continuously monitor soil CO2 concentration at multiple depths, by using diffusion chambers. The soil diffusion chambers are constructed from a high‐density polyethylene cylindrical frame enclosed by a micro‐polyvinylidene difluoride flat membrane (PVDF). All chambers are linked to an infrared gas analyser positioned above‐ground through a multi‐port valve system. We set up two experimental sites for long‐term measurements of soil CO2 concentration, soil temperature and soil water content at depths of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 cm. The system provides the following advantages : (i) the use of the PVDF combined with the small dimensions of the diffusion chambers allows rapid diffusion of soil gas into the chambers and therefore a short equilibration time of the gas phase with the surrounding soil atmosphere, (ii) the equilibrating closed loop system allows the semi‐continuous measurement of soil profile CO2 concentrations without creating a pressure differential within the chambers, thus reducing gas concentration distortions in the soil, (iii) the small size of the closed diffusion chambers reduces the initial soil disturbance during installation, (iv) it allows sampling in wet, humid soils, including ones that are waterlogged or temporarily saturated, and (v) the chambers do not require removal for maintenance purposes and are inexpensive.


Persistent luminescent materials are widely used as night-vision and marking materials in various important fields. Although significant achievements have been made in blue and green persistent luminescent (PersL) materials, the research and development of PersL materials in the warm-color region (550–660 nm) are relatively lacking. Only the orange PersL phosphor Y2O2S:Eu3+,Mg2+,Ti4+ (∼610 nm) and deep red PersL phosphor (Ca1−xSrx)S:Eu2+,Tm3+ (∼650 nm) fulfill the demands of commercial applications. However, sulfide phosphors have poor chemical stability and a relatively short persistent duration time. Herein, we report a series of orange PersL materials, (Sr1−xBax)3SiO5:Eu2+,Nb5+, which exhibit a strong PersL emission band at 550–670 nm and a super-long persistent time of more than 20 h at the 0.32 mcd m−2 threshold value after UV radiation. These new orange PersL materials are compared to the commercial warm-color sulfide PersL phosphor, Y2O2S:Eu,Mg,Ti, with regards to PersL time and brightness, and it is determined that they would have great potential applications.


The novel gate-all-around (GAA) poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) with multiple nanowire channels (MNCs) have been, for the first time, fabricated using a simple process to demonstrate high-performance electrical characteristics and high immunity to short-channel effects (SCEs). The nanowire channel with high body-thickness-to-width ratio (TFin/WFin), which is approximately equal to one, was realized only with a sidewall-spacer formation. Moreover, the unique suspending MNCs were also achieved to build the GAA structure. The resultant GAA-MNC TFTs showed outstanding three-dimensional (3-D) gate controllability and excellent electrical characteristics, which revealed a high on/off current ratio ( > 108), a low threshold voltage, a steep subthreshold swing, a near-free drain-induced barrier lowering, as well as an excellent SCE suppression. Therefore, such high-performance GAA-MNC TFTs are very suitable for applications in system-on-panel and 3-D circuits.


Book synopsis: Why is developing as a psychoanalytic practitioner so often laden with anxiety? A simple answer is that psychoanalytic work is intrinsically complex and difficult. But Laurence Spurling argues traditional accounts of practice make these difficulties even worse for students and practitioners: he shows that case descriptions and examples in psychoanalytic textbooks often give a misleading picture of practice, because they explore what practitioners ought to do rather than what they actually do.

The Psychoanalytic Craft uniquely identifies and explores what is missing in these accounts of therapy, namely the 'craft' aspects of skilled psychoanalytic work: how theories and models are actually used in practice, what kind of reasoning is employed in conducting a session, how interventions are composed and evaluated. The book draws on recent research, as well as the wider craft literature to show how these features of clinical thinking, which normally operate below the level of awareness, can be identified and explored in clinical practice, in supervision and in teaching.

This book has been written specifically for those students and practitioners moving beyond beginner level towards skilled and resourceful practice.


BACKGROUND Appendiceal tumors are rare lesions that may not be easily differentiated from primary ovarian lesions preoperatively, despite the use of advanced diagnostic methods by experienced clinicians. CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old G2P2 woman, with chronic pelvic pain, underwent a pelvic ultrasound that revealed an adnexal mass measuring 58 mm × 34 mm × 36 mm, with irregular borders, heterogeneous echogenicity, no color Doppler vascularization and without acoustic shadowing. Normal ovarian tissue was visualized in contact with the lesion, and it was impossible to separate the lesion from the ovary by applying pressure with the ultrasound probe. Ascites, peritoneal metastases or other alterations were not observed. With the international ovarian tumor analysis ADNEX model, the lesion was classified as a malignant tumor (the risk of malignancy was 27.1%, corresponding to Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting Data System category 4). Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a right adnexal mass, apparently an ovarian tumor measuring 65 mm × 35 mm, without signs of invasive or metastatic disease. During explorative laparotomy, normal morphology of the internal reproductive organs was noted. A solid mobile lesion involved the entire appendix. Appendectomy was performed. Inspection of the abdominal cavity revealed no signs of malignant dissemination. Histopathologically, the appendiceal lesion corresponded to a completely resected low-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasm (LAMN). CONCLUSION The appropriate treatment and team of specialists who should provide health care to patients with seemingly adnexal lesions depend on the nature (benign vs malignant) and origin (gynecological vs nongynecological) of the lesion. Radiologists, gynecologists and other pelvic surgeons should be familiar with the imaging signs of LAMN whose clinical presentation is silent or nonspecific. The assistance of a consultant specializing in intestinal tumors is important support that gynecological surgeons can receive during the operation to offer the patient with intestinal pathology an optimal intervention.


Although there is no shortage of general studies and theories of leadership, the same cannot be said for public leadership. This concern surfaced as a critical issue among scholars at the 2008 Minnowbrook III conference. Drawing from that discussion, this article calls for invigorating the study of public leadership within public administration (PA). We present the case for public leadership, that is, leadership for the public good, where challenges are complex, stakeholders are many, values are conflicting, and resources are limited. Traditional, generic models of leadership—as in, leading followers toward some specific goal—do not align well with these current challenges. We argue for studying public leadership specifically, rather than trying to retrofit existing concepts of leadership from business management or elective politics. PA should be the leading voice in understanding and promoting public leadership. By examining previous public leadership scholarship through three broad lenses—the character of public leadership, the function of public leadership, and the jurisdiction of public leadership—we develop theoretical propositions designed to drive a revitalized research agenda. We conclude with a set of research questions we see as critical to crystallizing the significance of public leadership.


UNLABELLED
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common disorder of movement and posture in children. The disorder results from a non-progressive brain lesion occurring in the fetal or infant brain. Children with CP have challenges with movement, posture, and mobility that last a life time. Few studies describe physical activity and health among adolescents with CP.

AIM
The aim of this study was to describe self-related health, physical activity, and body complaints among adolescents with CP in Sweden.

METHODS
A questionnaire was answered by 64 adolescents with CP, with 143 adolescents without disabilities serving as controls.

RESULTS
Adolescents with CP reported their general health to be better than adolescents without disabilities (p = .001). Adolescents with CP participated less than adolescents without disabilities in sport during recreation time (p = .009). About 19% of adolescents with CP were never or seldom physically active, compared with 8% in the control group (p = .025). A total of 50% of adolescents with CP reported musculoskeletal complaints during the last three months, compared with 69.5% in the control group. There was a correlation between musculoskeletal complaints and self-related health in adolescents with CP (p = .015) but not in the controls.

CONCLUSION
Adolescents with CP reported their general health to be good. Adolescents with CP were less physically active than adolescents without disabilities. There was a correlation between musculoskeletal complaints and self-related health among adolescents with CP. Further research is needed to determine the cause of the low physical activity among adolescents with CP and also to determine the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and physical activity.


In the tenth century, Japan stood physically and culturally isolated from the rest of the world. Sei Shonagon a young courtesan of the Heian period kept a diary, which provides a highly personal account of the intrigues, dalliances, quirks, and habits of Japan's late tenth-century elite. She was a contemporary and acquaintance of the well-known courtesan Murasaki Shikibu, author of the Japanese masterpiece The Tale of Genji. A perfect companion to that work, The Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon brings an added dimension to Murasaki's timeless and seminal novel and further illuminates Japanese court life in all its ritualistic glory. Through his elegant and readable abridged translation, Arthur Waley perfectly conveys Sei Shonagon's girlish temperament and quirky personality. In a place and time where poetry was as important as knowledge and beauty was highly revered, Sei Shonagon's private writings offer a charming, intimate glimpse into a world of innocence and pale beauty. A new introduction by respected Japanese literary scholar Dennis Washburn provides historical insight into Japanese culture, Sei Shonagon's world, and Waley's translation.


In a time of fiscal restraint and with environmental project funding in decline there is an increased interest in revisiting past modeling studies and improving upon legacy models rather than beginning the development process again from scratch. This trend coincides with a significant increase in the computing and analytical power of public domain and commercial GIS systems and the ability to tackle new problems through the availability of code to support customized applications. The paper describes GIS-based analytical tools developed to support the calibration and application of integrated groundwater and surface water modelsWESTSIMand C2VSIM (based on the IWFM code) and HydroGeoSphere (HGS) that rely on information from previous published USGS models, of which CVHM is the latest realization. These models are being used in water allocation planning by the US Bureau of Reclamation and California Department of Water Resources to simulate groundwater resource utilization, estimate the aquifer safe yield and to simulate potential subsidence impacts of over-stressing regional aquifers. California increasingly relies on its groundwater basins to supply municipal, industrial and agricultural water supply to 37 million people. Four tools are described. The first is an adaptive mesh refinement tool developed within ArcGIS as a means of improving the ability of a finite element mesh to represent salient watershed features such as streams, water district boundaries, well locations and geologic faults. The tool is highly interactive allowing new realizations of the mesh to be created on-the-fly so as to recognize important new watershed characteristics and recognize these features in the mesh. The second tool is a robot that develops a flow path on the landscape for surface water where no clear channel exists. The robot, developed within ArcGIS, queries surrounding raster cells, within a defined search radius, finding the most likely flow path and the natural drainage of the region based only on elevation data.The third a procedure to assign aquifercharacteristics from existing calibrated groundwater flow models to the appropriateWESTSIM, C2VSIM and HGS nodes using the same robotic scanning algorithm. The fourth a metadata organizational tool calledDataSpace for organizing GIS data files into an information framework that makes intuitive sense to theanalyst and helps to improve analyst productivity.


The design of large scale complex engineering systems requires interaction and communication between multiple disciplines and decentralized subsystems. Game theory has been used previously to model interactions between distributed multidisciplinary design subsystems and predict convergence and equilibrium solutions. These game theoretic models assume that designers make perfectly rational decisions by selecting solutions from their rational reaction set. For convergent decentralized design problems, the intersection of the designers' rational reaction set results in a Nash equilibrium solution where designers may converge if they were making rational choices. However, this equilibrium solution is rarely optimal from a multi-objective optimization perspective. Further, empirical studies reject the claim that decision makers always make rational choices and the concept of bounded rationality is used to explain such behavior. In this paper, a framework is proposed that uses the idea of bounded rationality in conjunction with set-based design, metamodeling, and multi-objective optimization techniques to improve solutions for convergent decentralized design problems. Through the use of this framework convergent decentralized design problems converge to solutions that are superior to the Nash equilibrium.


To commemorate the 50th Anniversary of The Beatles first visit to the United States, 150 artists chose a different Beatles song to portray as a 60 x 60cm fibre art quilt. Inspired by the vast array of Beatles' music and lyrics, they have merged talent with imagination to create beautiful works of art. Accompanied by 169 images, this book provides a personal narrative from each artist. Discover the stories behind their quilts and why certain songs were chosen. Read some of the personal memories the artists have of The Beatles, and hear many descriptions and details related to the making of these unique pieces. Behold the magic that happens when artists are challenged to use songs and fabric, lyrics and thread, and love for Beatles music combined with a passion for stitching. This book is a great resource for both art quilters and music lovers and a wonderful keepsake for the Beatles' fan.