ESR (Estrogen Receptor) gene has been determined to be one of the major genes affecting phenotype of litter size without any genetic negative correlation to growth and carcass trait. Recent studies mainly focused on the Pvu Ⅱ enzyme site found by Rothschild in 1996. An optimized standard PCR-SSCP protocol was employed to detect the exon 7 of ESR gene. The results showed that there were a new mutation site and three genotypes, which may be used as a new DNA marker site to further research.


This study explores whether different types of hypermedia annotations facilitate reading comprehension for intermediate and advanced ESL learners. Data was collected from 84 intermediate and advanced level adult ESL learners using a tracking tool that recorded the amount of time readers spent on a given annotation. An expository text was annotated using different forms of media to provide information both at the word level and topic level. The participants were asked to read the text for general comprehension and to use the annotations to facilitate reading comprehension. Results indicate that annotation use did not facilitate reading comprehension for either group, while a negative relationship was found between the time spent on video and graphics annotations and reading comprehension for the intermediate group. Moreover, prior knowledge was found to be an important variable related to reading comprehension. Finally, the qualitative data collected through a questionnaire and interviews revealed that hypermedia reading had a positive impact on the participants' attitudes towards reading on the computer.


Aims. We present a detailed study of the radial distribution of the multiple populations identified in the Galactic globular cluster ω Cen. Methods. We used both space-based images (ACS/WFC and WFPC2) and ground-based images (FORSI @VLT and firstname.lastname@example.com ESO telescopes) to map the cluster from the inner core to the outskirts (∼20 arcmin). These data sets have been used to extract high-accuracy photometry for the construction of color-magnitude diagrams and astrometric positions of ∼900 000 stars. Results. We find that in the inner ∼2 core radii the blue main sequence (bMS) stars slightly dominate the red main sequence (rMS) in number. At greater distances from the cluster center, the relative numbers of bMS stars with respect to rMS drop steeply, out to ∼8 arcmin, and then remain constant out to the limit of our observations. We also find that the dispersion of the Gaussian that best fits the color distribution within the bMS is significantly greater than the dispersion of the Gaussian that best fits the color distribution within the rMS. In addition, the relative number of intermediate-metallicity red-giant-branch stars (which includes the progeny of the bMS) with respect to the metal-poor component (the progeny of the rMS) follows a trend similar to that of the main-sequence star-count ratio N bMS /N rMS . The most metal-rich component of the red-giant branch follows the same distribution as the intermediate-metallicity component. Conclusions. We briefly discuss the possible implications of the observed radial distribution of the different stellar components in ω Cen.


In this paper we present, by means of an example, a systematic procedure to synthesize combined modulation/error correcting trellis codes, suitable for Viterbi decoding. This synthesis is based on firstly selecting a suitable linear convolutional code, secondly by analysing the state system of this code to determine the important Hamming distance building properties, and finally by mapping a code with the desired restrictions on its sequences onto this state system. As an example we develop a R = 3/6 dc free (b,l,c) = (0,3,2) code with d_{\min} = 4 . This code improves on the best codes in [1]. Codes having b \geq 1 , and which will thus be more suitable for magnetic recording, can also be synthesized following the proposed procedure.


Reputation-based trust models are widely used in e-Commerce applications and feedback ratings are aggregated to compute sellers' reputation trust scores. The "all good reputation" problem, however, is prevalent in current reputation systems reputation scores are universally high for sellers and it is difficult for potential buyers to select trustworthy sellers. In this paper, based on the observation that buyers often express opinions openly in free text feedback comments, we propose. CommTrust for trust evaluation by mining feedback comments. Our main contributions include: 1) we propose a multidimensional trust model for computing reputation scores from user feedback comments; and 2) we propose an algorithm for mining feedback comments for dimension ratings and weights, combining techniques of natural language processing, opinion mining, and topic modelling. Extensive experiments on eBay and Amazon data demonstrate that CommTrust can effectively address the "all good reputation" issue and rank sellers effectively. To the best of our knowledge, our research is the first piece of work on trust evaluation by mining feedback comments.


The ability of human B lymphocytes to produce granulocyte (G)-CSF in vitro was investigated. Highly purified tonsillar B cells were fractionated into large and small cells by a Percoll density gradient, cultured, and tested for G-CSF gene expression. Large B cells spontaneous produced G-CSF mRNA and protein, whereas small B cells did not, even after incubation with various stimuli. Immunophenotypic analyses showed that large B lymphocytes contained approximately 60 to 70% of cells with the characteristic surface markers of germinal center (GC) B cells (CD38+, CD10+, and surface IgG+). The remaining cells expressed CD39, CD23, and surface IgD and were presumably in vivo-activated follicular mantle zone B cells. Fractionation of the large B lymphocytes into CD39+, surface IgD+, and CD39-, surface IgD- cells showed that the latter, but not the former, cell type produced G-CSF spontaneously in culture. Stimulation of purified (CD39-, surface IgD-) GC B cells with a CD40 mAb alone or in combination with IL-4 increased G-CSF production. Because these stimuli rescued a large fraction of GC cells (up to 50%) from spontaneous apoptosis in vitro, the finding may suggest that prevention of apoptotic death resulted in an increased G-CSF production or that CD40 mab and/or IL-4 increased G-CSF gene expression in G-CSF-producing GC B cells. Malignant B cells purified from the invaded lymph nodes of three patients with follicular center cell lymphoma and three Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, which had an immunophenotype identical with that of normal GC B cells, spontaneously produced G-CSF in vitro, thus confirming the GC origin of the cytokine. Incubation of normal purified GC B cells with rG-CSF resulted in the rescue of GC B cells from apoptosis, suggesting that G-CSF may be used by GC B cells in an autocrine manner. This autocrine loop of production and response to G-CSF by GC B cells may be activated by stimuli such as those delivered via the surface CD40 molecule, that participate in the rescue of GC B cells from apoptosis.


ABSTRACT Members of a family of N-arylsulfonyl hydrazones have been identified as novel inhibitors of IMP-1, a metallo-β-lactamase of increasing prevalence. Structure-activity relationship studies have indicated a requirement for bulky aromatic substituents on each side of the sulfonyl hydrazone backbone for these compounds to serve as efficient inhibitors of IMP-1. Molecular modeling has provided insight into the structural basis for the anti-metallo-β-lactamase activity exhibited by this class of compounds.


Previous reports from our laboratories have separately shown that the reversibility of the effects of Cat+ depletion on rabbit corneal endothelium, including the morphologic restoration of the endothelial junctional complexes, depends on the morphologic restoration of a network of microfilaments in the apical cytoplasm (7, 9) ; and that cytochalasin B reduces both transendothelial potential difference and fluid transport measured in vitro (4, 5) . The similarity of some of the morphologic effects of Ca2+ depletion in the rabbit corneal endothelium, namely, disruption of the apical microfilaments, cell shape change and loss of junctional integrity, (7-9), and the effects of cytochalasin B in morphogenesis, namely, loss of microfilament integrity and cell shape change (I, 17), led us to examine the effects of this agent on the rabbit cornea perfused in vitro according to the method of Dickstein and Maurice (2) .


Background: The study about chronic tinnitus was seldom
 reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of Spirulina on the mRNA expressions of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor
 (NR)-2B, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) genes in
 chronic tinnitus.
Methods: Three-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were
 trained for an active avoidance task. Then, 17 conditioned
 mice with tinnitus, confirmed 2 weeks after a noise
 exposure to the left ear, were randomly divided into two
 groups on the start day: control group (9 mice, normal diet)
 and Spirulina group (8 mice, normal diet with S. platensis water extract, 200 mg/kg body weight). All mice were fed a
 different diet for 80 days; then, their tinnitus scores were
 tested, and they were sacrificed for mRNA studies.
Results: The Spirulina group (–6.3 ± 16.5) had a significantly
 lower mean difference in tinnitus scores, which were
 calculated on the 80th day and the start day for each
 mouse, than the control group (9.6 ± 13.3). NR2B mRNA
 expressions were not significantly different between the
 two groups in the cochlea, brainstem, inferior colliculus (IC),
 or temporal lobes. Compared with the control group,
 MMP-7 mRNA expressions in the Spirulina group were
 significantly increased in the cochlea (1.15 ± 0.28 for the
 control group vs 1.82 ± 0.30 for the Spirulina group) and
 temporal lobes (1.18 ± 0.26 vs 1.80 ± 0.20, respectively).
 TNT-α mRNA expressions in the Spirulina group had
 decreased significantly in the cochlea (2.91 ± 0.53 for the
 control group vs 2.12 ± 0.56 for the Spirulina group),
 brainstem (1.72 ± 0.35 vs 1.37 ± 0.27, respectively), and IC
 (2.77 ± 0.56 vs 2.13 ± 0.25, respectively). COX-2 mRNA
 expressions in the Spirulina group were significantly
 decreased in the brainstem (1.49 ± 0.73 for the control
 group vs 0.66 ± 0.37 for the Spirulina group).
Conclusions: Spirulina could reduce chronic tinnitus possibly
 by increasing MMP-7 gene expression but by decreasing TNF-α and COX-2 gene expressions in the cochlea and/or
 some tinnitus-related brain regions.


We introduce a new quantum adversary method to prove lower bounds on the query complexity of the quantum state generation problem. This problem encompasses both, the computation of partial or total functions and the preparation of target quantum states. There has been hope for quite some time that quantum state generation might be a route to tackle the GRAPH-ISOMORPHISM problem. We show that for the related problem of INDEX-ERASURE our method leads to a lower bound of square root of N which matches an upper bound obtained via reduction to quantum search on N elements. This closes an open problem first raised by Shi [FOCS'02]. Our approach is based on two ideas: (i) on the one hand we generalize the known additive and multiplicative adversary methods to the case of quantum state generation, (ii) on the other hand we show how the symmetries of the underlying problem can be leveraged for the design of optimal adversary matrices and dramatically simplify the computation of adversary bounds. Taken together, these two ideas give the new result for INDEX-ERASURE by using the representation theory of the symmetric group. Also, the method can lead to lower bounds even for small success probability, contrary to the standard adversary method. Furthermore, we answer an open question due to Spalek [CCC'08] by showing that the multiplicative version of the adversary method is stronger than the additive one for any problem. Finally, we prove that the multiplicative bound satisfies a strong direct product theorem, extending a result by Spalek to quantum state generation problems.


The US Food and Drug Administration has issued a policy statement that will make it harder for people to sue drug manufacturers. The statement, supporting an arrangement known as "pre-emption," was inserted into the agency's new guidelines on drug labelling. It asserts that complying with the FDA's labelling requirements should preempt or supersede individual states' liability statutes.

The new statement means that, in the FDA's opinion, as long as a drug company complies with federal labelling laws, the company should not be found in violation of statutes on "failure to warn." The statement does not have the force of law but may be considered by the courts.

The statement sparked an angry reaction from Edward Kennedy, the Democrat senator for Massachusetts. "It's a typical abuse by the Bush administration: take a regulation to improve the information that doctors and patients receive about prescription drugs and turn it into …


The theme of this article concerns the representation through collective actors. The article starts by addressing the soundness of the typical assumption held by labour economics reasoning which states that the differences in union behaviour depend on union membership composition. This approach fails to consider the distinctive features of a representation carried out by collective actors. The multiple dimensions involved in this type of representation correspond directly or indirectly to different theoretical discourses which are all analysed in the article. Such theoretical discourses regard representation (whith the main distinction between acting for and standing for), collective actors decisions, identities and recognition, performative powers, democratic internal structure of the actors, paradoxes of the collective action. This analytical framework allows to complicate ("a la" Hirschman) the economic discourse and to avoid the trap of the personification of the collective actors or the simple metaphorical use of the concept of actor, or subject.


: Experiments on albino male rats have shown that the endoliquor administration of estrogens at low doses results in the inhibition of proliferative processes in the prostatic tissues comparable with that observed at the administration of doses two orders larger, and at the subcutaneous administration. A study of the possible mechanism of the observed phenomenon has shown that this effect is associated with the fact that in such a way of estrogen administration conditions are created for deeper inhibition of the production of gonadotropins by the adenohypophysis, and as a result of it a decrease in the androgen level is observed leading to the inhibition of proliferative processes in the prostatic tissues.


We present a bilevel optimization approach to designing effective and efficient incentive policies for promoting renewable energy. The effectiveness of an incentive policy is its capability to achieve a goal that would not be achievable without it. Renewable portfolio standard is used in this thesis as the policy goal. The efficiency of an incentive policy is measured by the amount of intervention, such as taxes collected and subsidies paid, to achieve the policy goal. We obtain the most effective and efficient incentive policies in the context of generation expansion planning, in which a planner makes investment decisions to serve project demand of electricity. A case study is conducted on an integrated coal and electricity network representing the contiguous United States. Numerical analysis from the case study provides insights on the comparison of various incentive policies. The sensitivity of the incentive policies with respect to coal production, energy investment costs, and transmission capacity is also studied.


Introduction: Subclinical varicocele is defined as non-palpable varicocele which diagnosed solely through imaging examination, namely ultrasonography. Despite the current high prevalence of subclinical varicocele as one of the most common cause of men infertility, there is still lack of evidence regarding the need to perform varicocelectomy among these patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare the sperm parameters and fertility rate of subclinical varicocele patients treated with varicocelectomy versus no treatment.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on the international databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, EBSCOHost, and Google Scholar published in the last ten years up to August 21st, 2022. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tools for cohort study and converted regarding the AHRQ standards.
Results: Three cohort studies were conducted in three different countries with 363 patients. The risk of bias assessment revealed that all of the three studies included in this review have good quality and low risk of bias. Varicocelectomy significantly improves sperm parameters in terms of sperm concentration (p<0.05) and sperm motility (p<0.05) while its effects on sperm morphology are not significant (p>0.05). The effects of varicocelectomy on fertility rate are reported by one study by Cantoro et al. as significant (p=0.011).
Conclusion: Varicocelectomy correction has been proved to significantly improve sperm parameters in terms of sperm concentration and motility, while its effect on fertility rate remains unclear and no conclusion can be drawn yet. Therefore, this study recommends further randomized controlled studies with larger sample size in the future to prove the effectiveness of varicocelectomy in subclinical varicocele patients before its implementation in clinical settings.


Conversation is one of the poetical and cultural key concepts in the writings of Mme de Stael. Departing from the contemporary understanding of the term, she outlines the conversational act as an essentially transgressive praxis that surpasses a classical canon of social, aesthetic, and linguistic norms. Highlighting a broad variety of musical, sensual, and pre-semantic aspects of language, she insists on the informal dynamics of conversation. To a certain extent, Mme de Stael claims, all conversation is improvisation, and it is within improvisation that she locates (and welcomes) the trigger of unsuspected twists and turns, the spirited, the emphatic, and even drunken quality of verbal and non-verbal exchange. The paper discusses the development of this concept in Mme de Stael's major novel, Corinne ou l'Italie. It argues that this novel is one of the first to delineate conversation as transference, shifting the focus of attention from the realm of intentionality to non-thematic qualities of communication.


Monomethylamine (MMA) is an important climate-active oceanic trace gas and ubiquitous in the oceans. γ-Glutamylmethylamide synthetase (GmaS) catalyzes the conversion of MMA to γ-glutamylmethylamide, the first step in MMA metabolism in many marine bacteria. The gmaS gene occurs in ∼23% of microbial genomes in the surface ocean and is a validated biomarker to detect MMA-utilizing bacteria. However, the catalytic mechanism of GmaS has not been studied because of the lack of structural information. Here, the GmaS from Rhodovulum sp. 12E13 (RhGmaS) was characterized, and the crystal structures of apo-RhGmaS and RhGmaS with different ligands in five states were solved. Based on structural and biochemical analyses, the catalytic mechanism of RhGmaS was explained. ATP is first bound in RhGmaS, leading to a conformational change of a flexible loop (Lys287-Ile305), which is essential for the subsequent binding of glutamate. During the catalysis of RhGmaS, the residue Arg312 participates in polarizing the γ-phosphate of ATP and in stabilizing the γ-glutamyl phosphate intermediate; Asp177 is responsible for the deprotonation of MMA, assisting the attack of MMA on γ-glutamyl phosphate to produce a tetrahedral intermediate; and Glu186 acts as a catalytic base to abstract a proton from the tetrahedral intermediate to finally generate glutamylmethylamide. Sequence analysis suggested that the catalytic mechanism of RhGmaS proposed in this study has universal significance in bacteria containing GmaS. Our results provide novel insights into MMA metabolism, contributing to a better understanding of MMA catabolism in global carbon and nitrogen cycles.


A number of different buyer-seller watermarking protocols have been proposed to address preserving the rights of both the buyer and the seller. However, these existing schemes are inefficient and impractical for their high computation and bandwidth overhead. To this end, we propose a new buyer-seller watermarking protocol, where the multimedia data is encrypted using a symmetric cipher, and the public-key cipher is only used to key exchanging and data signing. Compared with the existing schemes, our scheme requires a lower computing power and communication bandwidth. In addition, some main drawbacks of those previous schemes are overcome in our scheme.


The paper is devoted to the research of the nature of precarity. The authors explore the dual substance of precarity as both global and local phenomena. There are four major premises in the formation of precarity at the global and local levels: the divisions of labor markets deepening inequalities and asymmetries; the Fourth Industrial Revolution providing a demand for labor with machines replacing the living workforce; the сhanging nature of labor which dissolves the boundaries between alienated labor and independent private life; and the intervention of neoliberal ideology in practice, manifesting itself as invasion of the state and capital into the social production of individuals. The sum of these premises lead to the expansion of precarity in different forms, although mainly in the form of precarious employment. As a result, precarity is considered in the paper as a form of a new global order produced by the multitude of local disorders.


: A 44-year-old subject developed rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms when she was exposed to white pepper while working in the food industry. A positive skin prick test for white and black pepper extracts (1:10 w/v) were obtained. Specific IgE antibodies to white and black pepper were demonstrated by ELISA. The immunoblot analysis showed two IgE-reactive protein bands able to bind to IgE from white pepper extract of 11.8 kDa and 13.6 kDa and one band from black pepper extract of 11.8 kDa. IgE binding to blotted white and black pepper extract were inhibited by preincubation of patient serum with black pepper extract. A conjunctival provocation test was positive with a white pepper extract dilution of 1:100 w/v. We describe a patient with occupational rhinoconjunctivitis caused by hypersensitivity to white pepper.


Taxol is a unique mitotic inhibitor that has entered phase II investigation. Phase I studies demonstrated hypersensitivity reactions that were related to the cremophor vehicle and to the rate of drug infusion. As a result, the time span of intravenous (IV) infusion of taxol was routinely prolonged to 6 hours or beyond, and premedication with diphenhydramine, dexamethasone, and cimetidine was initiated. Early studies showed antitumor activity, especially against malignant melanoma and ovarian carcinoma. This phase I trial was performed giving taxol, as a 6-hour IV infusion every 21 days, without premedication. The purpose was to study the necessity of premedication and its impact on toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one patients received 64 assessable courses of taxol. One patient had a hypersensitivity reaction, which was easily controlled using routine measures. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting, but sporadic, with two fatalities due to sepsis. Nonhematologic toxicity was of grade 1 and 2 except for one patient with grade 3 mucositis and two patients with grade 3 neuropathy. The neuropathy consisted of reversible painful paresthesias, requiring discontinuation of drug in two patients. Four partial responses were seen (three in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, one in a patient with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary). Pharmacokinetic values were consistent with those previously reported. The occurrence of myelosuppression or neurotoxicity appeared to be associated with the area under the concentration x time curve (AUC) of taxol. The recommended phase II starting dose on this schedule is 225 mg/m2. Taxol merits broad investigation at the phase II level.


:  A legal drug commonly consumed in Yemen, qat is often a flashpoint over development and business practice. Qat markets are sites for exploring the interaction between cultural economic practices surrounding qat production, urban politics, and broader questions of development in Yemen. Given the weakness of the Yemeni state relative to other institutions, this context is particularly helpful in theorizing localized forms of governance. Using interviews with various members of the qat industry in Sana'a, Yemen's largest city, this paper discusses the spatial and discursive strategies of qat vendors as they seek to produce and regulate their economic spaces. Central to this discussion is an exploration of Laclau's framework of hegemony and Foucault's ideas of governmentality, in the context of struggles for control over economic space playing out on the streets of Sana'a.


A chain of N identical two-level atoms coupled with the elec-tromagnetic field, prepared via a single-photon Fock state, is investigated. It is found that, if the interaction between atoms is negligible, than the obtained dynamic equations for the prob-ability amplitudes allow, in a certain sense, an interpretation of the dynamics of states in the classical fashion in terms of a superposition of oscillatory modes of the system under study. The derived equations reveal how a space configuration of the system of atoms affects the dynamics of the atomic states, par-ticularly the "decay" rates of separate atoms and the system as the whole.


In this study, a hybrid model combining discrete wavelet transforms (WTs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) is used to estimate the monthly streamflow. The WT-ANN hybrid model was developed using the Daubechies main wavelet to predict the streamflow for three gauging stations on the Çoruh river basin one month in advance, with different combinations of air temperature, precipitation, and streamflow variables, and their wavelet transformations. Four different hybrid WT-ANN models were generated and compared with four different conventional ANN models. The dataset was chronologically divided into training, validation, and testing data. The results indicated that the WT-ANN hybrid models performed better than the traditional ANN models for all three stations. Furthermore, the chronologically divided dataset was used to examine the effects of changes in hydrological data over time on model performance. In conclusion, model performances in the training period deteriorated during the validation and testing periods due to structural changes in the hydrological data.


Global rates of deforestation and forest degradation continue at persistently high levels, although annual net rates of forest loss have slowed to approximately 8 Mha as the extent of planted forests increases. Drivers of deforestation vary geographically. Conversion to both large- and small-scale agriculture remains dominant, and conversion to plantations, mining and infrastructure development is important in some regions. Forests, however, continue to be important to the livelihoods of millions of people, poor and rich, men and women, rural and urban. They provide a broad range of products that often escape the attention of decision makers, and an even broader range of services that are both poorly understood and commonly ignored. The direct contribution of forests to livelihoods varies widely with region, community, gender, ethnicity and management system. Research done by CIFOR with 50 research partners in over 8000 households living in and around forests in 25 developing countries shows that forest-derived income constitutes about 20% of their total household income, while income from the environment more generally — both forest and nonforest — makes up more than 25%. Globally, the most important part of that income comes from the sale of fuelwood, with timber sales second. The direct contribution of forests to diets is also considerable and often crucial, but largely hidden from urban and official eyes. Forest foods add not only calories but also necessary protein and micronutrients to the diets of rural people. The importance of forests' direct contribution to diets and incomes may be eclipsed by their inputs to human well-being outside forests. Focusing on food, much more needs to be understood about the environmental services that forests provide to various types of agriculture, including the regulation of water flow and quality, mitigation of climatic extremes, provision of pollination services and germplasm for crop improvement, maintenance of nutrient cycling and soil fertility, control of agricultural pests and diseases, and other essential functions. These services are critical to the maintenance of most agricultural systems, including the most modern agribusinesses, but are seldom valued until they are lost. Knowledge of how forests can be managed to simultaneously optimise production of foods and environmental services is also little understood and thus little valued. Without proper attention to these issues, the importance of forests to human well-being will continue to be undervalued, ignored, and diminished, increasingly irreparably.


This case report describes the diagnosis and surgical treatment of unilateral polydactylism of unknown origin in a calf. A six-week-old female German Holstein-Friesian calf was referred to the clinic with a hyperflexion of the fetlock and carpal joints of the right forelimb, associated with two surplus digits in the same leg, which was confirmed by radiographic examination. Surgery consisted of an osteotomy of the second metacarpal bone, a disarticulation in the antebrachiocarpal joint of the additional limb combined with an amputation of both odd digits. The follow-up of 12 months revealed a functionally sound heifer showing a good cosmetic outcome.


T his article aims to determine the implementation of the concept of New Public Management (NPM) in the public sector, especially the Office of Cooperatives and SMEs Surabaya. R esearch approaches u s e qualitative. Method of data collection is done through interviews with heads of departments of Cooperatives and SMEs Surabaya. The data were analyzed by coding method . T h is method give the code on records that allow researchers to create a theme or concept through conceptual categorization. The results showed that the NPM concept is implemented in the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs Surabaya through measurement performance based on budget absorption and the benefit in society, creati on of competition through competitive tender, valuation of i ndividual performance based on remuneration system, and discipline and austerity in the use of resources


Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a very effective tool to ana-lyse the flow characteristics within and around different mechanical artifacts such as automotive vehicles, turbomachines etc. CFD based analysis provides benefi-cial information about the flow behavior within a component, hence reducing the costs involved in the design process of that component. This has led the research-ers to develop an Open Source CFD code, commonly known as Open Field Operation and Manipulation, or OpenFOAM. The development of OpenFOAM has made scientific research in the field of fluid dynamics available for almost no cost. Designers who rely on commercial CFD packages are hesitant on using Open Source CFD codes because of accuracy. They need to be convinced by proving its simulation capability as compared to any commercial CFD package. Hence, this study investigate the flow phenomenon in the vicinity of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), using such open source code combinations that yields reasona-bly accurate results, which can be compared against any commercial CFD code.


This paper extends empirical literature on political economy of intergovernmental transfers to multiparty systems that are typical for most European countries. It proposes and uses new methods of estimating the number of swing voters from survey data. The first method estimates densities at the cutpoints, where a voter is equidistant to competing parties. To take into account bi-dimensionality of Spanish politics for three party regions, we estimate bivariate densities at the cutpoints on the left-right and nationalist dimensions. The second method counts voters with similar predicted likelihoods of voting for parties in the regions. The likelihoods of voting are estimated with the multinomial probit technique and include additional controls for the nationalist sentiment. We find that political variables enter significantly into allocation of state subventions in Spain, and the magnitude of the effect is comparable to that of economic variables. In particular, we find strong evidence for the loyal hypothesis and no evidence for the swing hypothesis. In line with the explanation suggested by Cox and McCubbins (1986), the risk-averse incumbent prefers investing in loyal regions, where he knows better preferences and numbers of their supporters.


Acute otitis media (AOM) is common in children but much less so in adults. Where the aetiology is bacterial, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most common organisms found, with the former organism dominating more since more widespread pneumococcal vaccination was introduced. Rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial viruses are the main viral pathogens in adults as well as in children. [1, 2]


Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are considered one of the useful donor cell types for skin regenerative medicine owing to their robust proliferative capacity and multipotency. However, methods for easily and effectively obtaining HFSCs from a limited skin biopsy are still lacking. Here we report a novel approach for obtaining a subpopulation of HFSCs from a small skin sample from the rat tail, which uses the sebaceous glands (SGs) to capture the adjacent HFSCs. By means of organ culture, keratinocytes were expanded from the detached SGs, which also included adherent HFSCs from the hair follicle that could be passaged at the single-cell level. These SG-captured keratinocytes strongly expressed the basal layer markers K14, integrin α6, and p63; the bulge stem cell marker K15; and the upper isthmus stem cell marker Plet1. Furthermore, we reconstituted new epidermis, hair follicles, and SGs from the SG-captured keratinocytes using an easily operated, modified skin reconstitution assay based on silicone gel sheeting. This study suggests that the SGs could be an accessible capturer to harvest the adjacent HFSC subpopulation, particularly when the donor tissue is limited.


: A 37 item survey designed to assess health teaching needs of adult psychiatric inpatients is described. Data are collected from inpatients with the help of the primary nurse therapists. The design identifies health teaching deficits, optimal teaching methods, and need distribution. Nursing Administrators of psychiatric facilities will benefit from this baseline data for the design and implementation of their own programming.


Modern digital still cameras sample the color spectrum using a color filter array coated to the CCD array such that each pixel samples only one color channel. The result is a mosaic of color samples which is used to reconstruct the full color image by taking the information of the pixels' neighborhood. This process is called demosaicking. While standard literature evaluates the performance of these reconstruction algorithms by comparison of a ground-truth image with a reconstructed Bayer pattern image in terms of grayscale comparison, this work gives an evaluation concept to asses the geometrical accuracy of the resulting color images. Only if no geometrical distortions are created during the demosaicking process, it is allowed to use such images for metric calculations, e.g. 3D reconstruction or arbitrary metrical photogrammetric processing.


In this work, we studied how to optimize the carbonization process in order to deposit cubic SiC (3C-SiC) on misoriented Si substrates. The carbonization process is a key step to obtain device-quality layers and to partially release the strain due to the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the thin 3C-SiC film. One of the common problems in SiC/Si epitaxy is the presence of interfacial voids that can degrade the structural quality of the deposited film and the electrical properties in vertical devices. Carbonization optimization requires careful control of several parameters, in particular temperature, precursor flows, and heating ramps. Precise tailoring of this process on a production reactor with the understanding of all the involved variables would require huge effort in terms of time and money, so it is desirable to perform part of this work on a smaller scale research reactor, which is more versatile and economically viable. Starting from a baseline process for 3C-SiC power devices on 100 mm Si already developed on a production reactor, we used a small research reactor to investigate how the thermal heating profile during the carbonization ramp influences the void density on the Si substrate. We have also studied how the introduction of silane during the carbonization ramp can effectively suppress void formation. After having obtained a comprehensive understanding of the variables involved in the process, the key ideas were successfully implemented in the production reactor, resulting in a significant reduction of interfacial voids.


The British painter Chris Ofili's retrospective at the Tate Britain in London shows a painter reinventing his approach to paint in the middle of a successful career. His previous work used multiple layers of cutouts, paint, glitter, resin, and dung, creating a lush Afro-rococo style with its obsessive decoration and its focus on black figuration. It won awards and the admiration of institutions and collectors. The new work employs a reduced palette, eschews glitter, and rewards the extended gaze in a way that his previous excess could not. This recent work also allows the viewer to reflect on juxtapositions of the sacred and profane, the beautiful and ugly, in Ofili's earlier work and to consider the implications of his strategic shift.


Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) assigns the channels to the cells dynamically according to traffic demand, and hence, can provide higher capacity (or lower call blocking probability), fidelity and quality of service than the fixed assignment schemes. The objective of a Channel Assignment Problem (CAP) is to assign appropriate number of required channels to each cell in a way to achieve both efficient frequency spectrum utilization and minimization of interference effects (by satisfying a number of channel reuse constraints). Channel assignment algorithms are formulated as combinatorial optimization problems and are NP-hard. Devising a DCA, that is practical, efficient, and which can generate high quality assignments, is challenging. Though Metaheuristic Search techniques like Evolutionary Algorithms, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization prove effective in the solution of Fixed Channel Assignment (FCA) problems but they still require high computational time and therefore may be inefficient for DCA. A number of approaches have been proposed for the solution of DCA problem but the high complexity of these proposed approaches makes them unsuitable/less efficient for practical use. Therefore, this paper presents an effective and efficient Hybrid Discrete Binary Differential Evolution Algorithm (HDB-DE) for the solution of DCA Problem.


Various methods of treatment were introduced to improve the results of management of patients with stones in the ureters and early restoration of their working capacity. Emergency ureterolithotomy (197 patients) reduced the incidence of postoperative complications by 2.4 times and the duration of in-patient treatment by 1.8 times. Hermetic sealing of the ureteral suture with glue in ureterolithotomy (43 patients) led to airtightness of the suture in 93.0% of cases. Needle reflexotherapy relieved an attack of renal colics in 94% of patients. After general multicomponent vibration (71 patients) and sonic stimulation (216 patients) the stones were discharged in 80.3 and 93.1% of patients, respectively. The application of organizational measures (creation of a city center of emergency urological service) and introduction of new methods for treatment of ureteral stones reduced the terms of rehabilitation of patients by 1.8 times, the economical effect in this case came to 392,3 rubles per each patient.


An emotion that has recently gained traction in the context of populism is nostalgia, a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past. Nostalgia can refer to the past of one's group or nation, as reflected in populists' narratives of the heartland—the vision of a utopian future based on an idealized past in which their country belonged to the "pure people." However, research on nostalgia in political communication across the political aisle is scarce. The current study aimed to fill this gap via supervised machine learning. First, we used an experimental approach established in psychology to create a ground-truth data set and trained and evaluated a classifier for detecting nostalgic sentiment in the German language. We then applied this classifier to a large database ( N = 4,022) of German political parties' Facebook posts. We demonstrate that (a) populist (vs. non-populist)—especially right-wing—parties employ nostalgia more frequently; (b) nostalgic narratives differ between parties, and (c) nostalgic (vs. non-nostalgic) posts are associated with more user engagement.


A comprehensive analysis of China's rural reforms, this book links local experiences to national policy, showing the dynamic tension in the reform process among state policy, local cadre power and self-interest, and the peasants' search for economic growth. Key topics covered include: the responsibility system, privatization and changing property rights, industrialization, social conflict, cadre corruption, urban-rural relations, conflict over land, rural urbanization, and the impact of globalization. The introduction skillfully integrates the themes that run throughout this work and the concluding chapter focuses on current and future problems in rural China.


PURPOSE
To investigate the correlation of cluster of differentiation (CD)4 lymphocyte counts with high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings and distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Thirty-seven bacteriologically proven pulmonary tuberculosis, clinically non-AIDS, patients underwent HRCT and CD4 lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood cells were obtained within 3 days after the CT examinations. Patients were categorized into four groups according to CD4 lymphocyte counts (A >800; B 800-500; C 500-200; D <200). HRCT findings analyzed were as follows: typical, atypical, and mixed findings of post-primary tuberculosis, common, uncommon, and mixed distribution, and number of lobes involved.

RESULTS
CD4 lymphocyte counts correlated with the degree of the mixture of atypical CT findings (rho=0.565, p<0.001) and the degree of the mixture of uncommon distribution (rho=0.431, p<0.01). Number of involved lobes showed no statistically significant correlation (rho=0.209, p=0.21).

CONCLUSION
In patients with low CD4 levels, atypical HRCT findings co-exist with typical findings, and uncommon sites are involved in addition to common sites.


Aldose reductase (AR) is implicated in the pathogenesis of the diabetic complications and osmotic cataract. AR has been identified as an osmoregulatory protein, at least in the renal medulla. An outstanding question relates to the response of AR gene expression to diet-induced galactosemia in extrarenal tissues. This paper shows that AR gene expression in different tissues is regulated by a complex multifactorial mechanism. Galactose feeding in the rat is associated with a complex and, on occasions, multiphasic pattern of changes in AR mRNA levels in kidney, testis, skeletal muscle, and brain. These changes are not in synchrony with the temporal sequence of changes in tissue galactitol, galactose, and myoinositol concentrations. Moreover, galactose feeding results in changes in tissue AR activities that are not related, temporally or quantitatively, to the alterations in tissue AR mRNA or galactitol levels. It is concluded that AR gene expression and tissue AR activities are regulated by mechanisms that are not purely dependent on nonspecific alterations in intracellular metabolite concentrations. This conclusion is supported by the finding that chronic xylose feeding, despite being associated with intracellular xylitol accumulation, does not result in alterations in AR mRNA levels, at least in the kidney.


Based on 146 cases of basicranial aneurysm, the eye manifestations were pain in the eyes, diplopia, ptosis, and visual impairment. In cranial nerve paralysis, the oculomotor nerve was the most vulnerable, followed by the abducent nerve. The trochlear and trigeminal nerves were the least involved. In oculomotor nerve palsy, the levator muscle of the upper lid and the pupil muscles were first affected. Visual fields of typical bitemporal hemianopsia were not seen in cases of aneurysms near the optic chiasma.


An examination of the crocodilian skull exhibited last session by Mr. Willett, and of an undescribed skull in the British Museum, No. 41,098*, has brought to light a peculiarity in the posterior nares which, so far as I am aware, had been previously recognized only in the small crocodilian skull from Brook, Isle of Wight, in the Jermyn Street Museum, described by Prof. Huxley in a paper communicated to this Society on 28th April, 1875, and figured in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxi. pl. xix. fig. 3. This, and the great probability of the correctness of Mr. Willett's reference of his acquisition to Goniopholis crassidens, the skull of which was before quite unknown, have seemed to me to invest these skulls with sufficient interest to warrant me in offering a short account of them to the Fellows. I. Mr. Willett's Crocodilian Skull (Goniopholis crassidens, Owen ?). (P1. XV. figs. 1 & 2.) Viewed from above, the outline of this skull has the form of a slender isosceles triangle, the base of which, taken between the extreme outer posterior angles of the quadrate bones, measures about 13 inches, and the nearly straight sides from the same points to the premaxillary suture 25 inches. The uniform convergence of the sides is broken by a slight inbend in front of the orbits, by a small outbend at the 6th, 7th, and 8th maxillary teeth, reckoned from before backwards, and by the abrupt expansion of the præmaxillæ occasioning a deep lateraI notch


Thirty hair samples were collected from the male opioid abusers in which the presence of morphine in their urine samples was confirmed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analyses. The hair samples were washed, cut into small pieces and extracted in a mixture of methanol-triflouroacetic acid (9:1). The methanolic phase was evaporated to dryness under nitrogen stream and derivitized by addition of Nmethyl-N-trimethylsilyl triflouroacetamide (MSTFA) and 1% trimethyl iodosilane (TMIS) with sonication. One micro liter of each derivitized sample was injected into a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) system consisting of a capillary column and finnigan MS with selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The selected mass for ions codeine and morphine were 370 and 429, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was set at 0.03ng/mg of the hair. By using the above procedure, morphine was detectable in all of the examined samples and this method is capable to detec low levels of morphine in hair for a long period of time following the last intake of the drug.


The transition from wakefulness to sleep is associated with a pronounced decline in diuresis, a necessary physiological process that allows uninterrupted sleep. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of acute sleep deprivation (SD) on urine output and renal water, sodium, and solute handling in healthy young volunteers. Twenty young adults (10 male) were recruited for two 24-h studies under standardized dietary conditions. During one of the two admissions, subjects were deprived of sleep. Urine output, electrolyte excretions, and osmolar excretions were calculated. Activated renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, arginine vasopressin, and atrial natriuretic peptide were measured in plasma, whereas prostaglandin E(2) and melatonin were measured in urine. SD markedly increased the diuresis and led to excess renal sodium excretion. The effect was more pronounced in men who shared significantly higher diuresis levels during SD compared with women. Renal water handling and arginine vasopressin levels remained unaltered during SD, but the circadian rhythm of the hormones of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was significantly affected. Urinary melatonin and prostaglandin E(2) excretion levels were comparable between SD and baseline night. Hemodynamic changes were characterized by the attenuation of nocturnal blood pressure dipping and an increase in creatinine clearance. Acute deprivation of sleep induces natriuresis and osmotic diuresis, leading to excess nocturnal urine production, especially in men. Hemodynamic changes during SD may, through renal and hormonal processes, be responsible for these observations. Sleep architecture disturbances should be considered in clinical settings with nocturnal polyuria such as enuresis in children and nocturia in adults.


This article is written for the launch of the specialty section on construction management at the Frontiers in Built Environment. This new specialty section opens an on-line platform for academics and practitioners in the subject field to share valuable experiences and findings from innovative research and development as well as practices, which focus on the management of people/workforce, product/production, and processes across built environment project stages, including development and construction, operation and maintenance, as well as demolition and redevelopment, under considerations on the dependability and productivity of construction management services. In this article, the writer presents his humble opinions limited from experiences from academic research and professional services around the world in the past three decades. The topics derived on grand challenges in construction management are gigantic in terms of their coverages, but may have huge impacts on professional development in both short and longer term. Discussions presented here on grand challenges in construction management consist of four parts to respectively focus on an initial cognitive framework of the construction management body of knowledge (CMBOK), intelligence pervasive construction management systems, interdisciplinary digital innovation, and solutions for performance enhancement in megaproject delivery. The research methodology that support the writer to describe the four grand challenges includes literature review, comparison study, site observation, and system architecture analysis and development. It was the writer's initial abductive reasoning to identify the four grand challenges in construction management through an extensive literature review, which was based on national and regional strategies for the construction industry from the world top economies. Some key references relating to these four major topics are collected to support discussions in this article. It is expected that this article could contribute to the debate as well as research and development in construction management in terms of continuous technical enhancements on project-oriented performance and value regardless the scope, the location and the time associated and concerned. As the study was conducted through abductive reasoning, this article should have its limitation on the coverage to all grand challenges in construction management, and this should leave many unanswered questions for further exploratory research.


Hong Kong's apparel merchandising have long been regarded as a kind of buying professions that logistically support the international retail store buyers to develop, source and distribute brand-specific textile and apparel products in the highly dynamic global marketplaces. Its service is much characterized by the high level of buy-sell interaction, uncertainty in work nature and the sense of professional autonomy. Organizational monitoring of quality of such service provision is not so easily and explicitly specified and implemented. In this paper, we presented a case study, in which the potential organizational antecedents underlying the service quality incongruence were analyzed in a Hong Kong-based Australian apparel merchandising office. Through the case study, the sixteen quality gap antecedents and their sizes of impact could integratively and diagnostically be related to the service quality gaps that existed across the levels of merchandising office. The research results provided insights for today's management of quality-conscious apparel merchandising service.


Objective: To determine the immunocompetency of patients with multiple sclerosis treated with the lymphodepleting humanized monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab. Methods: In this pilot case-control study, we assessed immunocompetence in 24 patients after alemtuzumab treatment by measuring antibody responses to 3 vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal group C conjugate vaccine, and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine). In 20 patients, antibodies to common viruses (mumps, rubella, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr virus) were measured before alemtuzumab treatment, then at 1 and 9–11 months after treatment. Results were compared with well-defined historical controls. Results: Serum antibodies against common viruses remained detectable after treatment, and vaccine responses were normal to T-cell–dependent recall antigens (tetanus, diphtheria, and polio), a T-cell–dependent novel antigen (meningococcus C), and T-cell–independent antigens (pneumococcal). There was no evidence for a diminished response to vaccinations in 5 patients studied within 6 months of alemtuzumab treatment. Conclusion: In this small historically controlled pilot study, we demonstrated i) retained humoral immunologic memory (in the form of antibodies against common viruses and response to recall antigens), and ii) the retained ability to mount a humoral immune response against a novel antigen after treatment with alemtuzumab. Classification of evidence: This pilot study provides Class III evidence that patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis appear immunocompetent after treatment with alemtuzumab.


Fears of abandonment and isolation in an institution have increased the public demand for euthanasia and assisted suicide. To quell this movement, Catholic healthcare providers must provide a caring community where patients and care givers enable each other to confront the fear of death and find support in living with human limitation. To begin to address the social and political dimensions of issues about the end of life, Catholic healthcare providers must use clear and consistent definitions of the terms used to describe these issues, such as death with dignity, right to die, euthanasia, allowing to die, and assisted suicide. By acknowledging the influence of the media in forming attitudes and opinions, healthcare institutions can seize opportunities for public education on fundamental human and religious values. The first effort has to be directed toward educating members of the media. The Catholic Church supports the concept of advance directives, which provide an opportunity for people to express their values and the ways they would expect those values to be honored in decisions about medical treatment. Courts' role in resolving decisions about treatment should be limited. Patient self-determination is best exercised when a patient (or surrogate), in consultation with a physician, decides what is best. Catholic healthcare institutions should advocate for legislation that fosters an appropriate balance between protecting a patient's right to self-determination and the state's interests to protect life. At the same time, institutions' advocacy efforts should demand sufficient resources for holistic care for the dying.


Objective: To evaluate whether scientific abstracts selected for podium presentation at the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) Annual Meeting differ based on the program committee size and/or the proportion of abstracts each committee member evaluates. Methods: Abstract scores from the Orthopaedic Trauma Association program committee from 2010 through 2016 were obtained. All members (range, 8–9) reviewed each clinical abstract (range, 506–778) each year in a blinded fashion. The 90 top-scoring abstracts were considered "accepted" for this study. To determine the effect of reducing the committee size, all possible combinations of reviewers for each possible committee size were modeled. To determine the effect of reducing the number of abstracts each member reviewed, we used Monte Carlo simulation with 100 cycles to generate possible combinations of 1–9 reviewers for each abstract. Mean percent agreement with the actual selection was the primary outcome. Results: The mean percent agreement progressively declined from 90.2% with 1 less committee member to 56.7% with only a single reviewer. For each reduction in the number of committee members, 4.4% agreement was lost. If all committee members were retained but the number of reviewers per abstract was reduced from 8 to 1, the mean percent agreement declined from 88.8% to 43.0%. Each reduction in reviewers per abstract reduced the mean percent agreement 6.3%. Conclusion: The findings inform program committees striving to balance the trade-off between an acceptable reduction in agreement, given a reduction in the program committee size or the proportion of abstracts each committee member evaluates.


The extracellular domain (ECD) of the human follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (hFSHR) is believed to be the major determinant of hormone selectivity. Different discrete, discontinuous regions on the ECD of the hFSHR have been suggested to be crucial for hormone binding. However, the role of the ECD in signal transduction is not well understood. This study provides some insight into these aspects of the structure-function relationship of the ECD of hFSHR. Ten peptides were selected from the ECD on the basis of their ability to be surface oriented, synthesized by the solid-phase method using fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chemistry, purified and characterized. They were further studied for their ability to modulate both human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH)-FSHR binding and cAMP generation. Competitive inhibition studies showed that, of all the peptides studied, peptides 285-300 and 297-310 hFSHR were able to inhibit hFSH binding to FSHR. Both peptides function as weak competitive inhibitors of hFSH-FSHR binding. Peptides 285-300 hFSHR, 216-235 hFSHR, 184-195 hFSHR, 79-89 hFSHR and 15-31 hFSHR were observed to inhibit FSH-induced cAMP production. In summary, this study suggests that discrete, functional domains of the ECD have a role in hormone binding and signal transduction. Region 285-300 has been identified as a novel region crucial for both FSH binding and cAMP generation.


The Sami, an indigenous people in north-western Europe, today faces the challenge of having their territory, Sápmi, partitioned among four nation states; Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. Whereas borders and citizenship are generally used to defend cultures, interests and territories, separating those who belong from those who do not, this perspective does not include how a non-dominant indigenous people such as the Sami is affected by the partitioning of their territory. Initially, when the first borders were established, the states showed respect and consideration for the Sami and their rights, but during the following centuries, more and more restrictions were being placed on the trans-border movement of the Sami people. In this process, the Sami also had to become citizens in one of the states, and even though the process of changing citizenship remained relatively uncomplicated up until the early twentieth century, the partitioning of the Sami into separate national arenas caused divisions within the people. This article focuses on how the establishment of state borders partitioning Sápmi and the enforced citizenship in the states affected the Sami, and how they acted in response to this development.


Engineering water-soluble stand-alone β-sandwich mimetics is a current challenge because of the difficulties associated with tailoring long-range interactions. In this work, single cis-(1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid mutations were introduced into the edge strands of the eight-stranded β-sandwich mimetic structures from the betabellin family. Temperature-dependent NMR and CD measurements, together with thermodynamic analyses, demonstrated that the modified peripheral strands exhibited an irregular and partially disordered structure but were able to exert sufficient shielding on the hydrophobic core to retain the predominantly β-sandwich structure. Although the frustrated interactions decreased the free energy of unfolding, the temperature of the maximum stabilities increased to or remained at physiologically relevant temperatures. We found that the irregular peripheral strands were able to prevent edge-to-edge association and fibril formation in the aggregation-prone model. These findings establish a β-sandwich stabilization and aggregation inhibition approach, which does not interfere with the pillars of the peptide bond or change the net charge of the peptide.


The protein kinase superfamily is one of the most important families of enzymes in molecular biology. Protein kinases typically catalyze the transfer of the γ-phosphate from ATP to a protein substrate (a highly ubiquitous cellular reaction), thereby controlling key areas of cell regulation. Deregulation of protein kinases is known to contribute to many human diseases, and selective inhibitors of protein kinases are a major area of interest in medicinal chemistry. However, a detailed understanding of many kinase pathways is currently lacking. Before we can effectively design medicinally relevant selective kinase inhibitors, it is necessary to understand the role played by a given kinase in specific signal-transduction cascades and to decipher its protein targets. Here, we describe recent advances towards dissecting protein kinase function through the use of chemical genetics.


Biology implements intriguing structural design principles that allow for attractive mechanical properties—such as high strength, toughness, and extensibility despite being made of weak and brittle constituents, as observed in biomineralized structures. For example, diatom algae contain nanoporous hierarchical silicified shells, called frustules, which provide mechanical protection from predators and virus penetration. These frustules generally have a morphology resembling honeycombs within honeycombs, meshes, or wavy shapes, and are surprisingly tough when compared to bulk silica, which is one of the most brittle materials known. However, the reason for its extreme extensibility has not been explained from a molecular level upwards. By carrying out a series of molecular dynamics simulations with the first principles‐based reactive force field ReaxFF, the mechanical response of the structures is elucidated and correlated with underlying deformation mechanisms. Specifically, it is shown that for wavy silica, unfolding mechanisms are achieved for increasing amplitude and allow for greater ductility of up to 270% strain. This mechanism is reminiscent to the uncoiling of hidden length from proteins that allows for enhanced energy dissipation capacity and, as a result, toughness. We report the development of an analytical continuum model that captures the results from atomistic simulations and can be used in multiscale models to bridge to larger scales. Our results demonstrate that tuning the geometric parameters of amplitude and width in wavy silica nanostructures are beneficial in improving the mechanical properties, including enhanced deformability, effectively overcoming the intrinsic shortcomings of the base material that features extreme brittleness.


The effect of bretylium on the degeneration mydriasis and the intraocular pressure decrease after superior cervical ganglionectomy was studied in conscious rabbits. The contralateral eye was decentralized. Two injections of bretylium, 10 mg. per kilogram, given prior to the degeneration mydriasis (at the time of the operation and 8 hours later) delayed mydriasis for about 3.0 to 5.5 hours. The intraocular pressure decrease was delayed for 9 hours. The duration of the delayed mydriasis was larger than in the untreated animals. The duration of the pressure effect did not change significantly. The magnitude of the phenomena was not markedly affected by the drug. Possible explanations for the time lag which exists between the degeneration mydriasis curve and the pressure decrease curve are discussed. Bretylium, given during the degeneration mydriasis, caused an early strong dilatation of the denervated pupil, while the decentralized pupil shoived a iveak response. There was a considerable early pressure decrease in both eyes, significantly larger in the denervated eye. The mydriasis gradually disappeared and reappeared as a second wave about 7 hours after the injection of the drug. The second wave of pressure decrease started about 12 to 15 hours after the injection. The magnitude of the second wave of the mydriasis icas similar to that in the untreated group. The second wave of the intraocular pressure decrease was somewhat smaller.


Conservation and preservation concerns have led to efforts to understand mechanisms of invasiveness and the effects these mechanisms have on the environment. Vitex rotundifolia L. f. [beach vitex (BV)] was introduced as a salt-tolerant woody ground cover, but it has since become invasive on primary and secondary dunes in coastal areas of the southeastern United States. Much of its invasive potential may be the result of intense substrate hydrophobicity underneath established stands, which is believed to prohibit seedling establishment by other plants including native plant species. This research was conducted to better understand BV-induced sand hydrophobicity by carrying out dune surveys of BV-infested areas of the South Carolina coast, identifying the compounds responsible for this activity via chemical analysis, and quantifying hydrophobicity persistence by resampling sites following removal of above-ground BV. The findings indicated that sand under BV cover was significantly hydrophobic, that cuticular alkanes from leaves and fruits were responsible for this hydrophobicity, and that extreme substrate hydrophobicity persisted for >3 years following BV removal.


Two experiments examined the effects of interactive tutorial features (compared to "passive" features) on learning spatial tasks, an area seldom explored in interactivity research. Experiment 1 results indicated that for simple spatial tasks, interactive tutorials hindered learning for participants of higher spatial ability but improved learning for lower-ability participants. This interaction can be explained by "compensation," the notion that people of higher ability can compensate for poor external support (passive tutorials) while people of lower ability need the better support. It is likely that the increased cognitive load of interactivity (Kalyuga, 2007) hindered high-spatial participants on a relatively easy task. In Experiment 2, task difficulty was increased, and the results revealed that the interactive tutorial produced better learning than the passive tutorial, regardless of spatial abilities. With the relatively difficult task, the benefits of interactivity became clearer because most people actually needed the interactive features despite the associated cognitive load.


This thesis addresses the long-standing debate about the ability of investors in public listed companies to significantly influence or even control certain aspects of board and management decision taking. Much of the recent interest in these issues has focused on increased public disclosure of boardroom practices and standards. In contrast, my research shows that informal relationships between companies and their major shareholders are playing an increasingly important role in influencing key aspects of corporate strategy, major financing and investment decisions, and board membership. The research was undertaken through: an analysis of the investment portfolios of the 50 largest fund managers investing in the shares of UK companies and the ownership of 297 of the UK's largest listed companies; in-depth interviews with 120 companies, fund managers and others concerned with the quality and regulation of company shareholder relationships and information flows; and studying the role of fund managers and other shareholders in the resignations of the CEOs of 24 case history companies. The growing importance of informal mechanisms of fund manager influence and networking means that shareholder influence no longer depends on the formation of coalitions of the size proposed by Scott, or the alignment of interests through formally constituted Shareholder Protection Committees. A model of 'extended ownership' describes how effective control may pass to the fund manager with the largest, but still sub-minority, shareholding It is also crucial to understand that investment decisions by fund managers are influenced by and related to a wide range of company and investor-specific factors. These are described and the impact of their interactions on shareholder behaviour discussed. This thesis is relevant to the current debate about the public role that should be taken by institutional fund mangers in the process of corporate governance. Models of investor behaviour which assume that fund managers are a homogenous investor type or which do not take into account the key role of informal influence mechanisms are therefore of limited value.


Biochar can be produced from the waste matter and its application has been associated with returning of carbon in large amounts into the soil. The impacts of this material on physical and chemical properties of soil have been described. The biggest part of the research work is dedicated to the hypothesis of this material's toxic effects on the soil life regarding its effect on the soil biological component. At present, it has been worked on methods which could eliminate these undesirable properties of biochar. One of the possibilities is to mix biochar with organic material, such as compost, or focusing on the natural processes acceleration in the soil. In the experiment has been used as the addition of compost as well as the elimination of toxic substances by promoting microbial activity in aerated water environment. Biochar was aerated for 7 days in a container with a volume of 20 l. This way modified biochar had six times higher biomass production and reduce mineral nitrogen leaching. Better results have been achieved by mixing biochar with compost. Keywords—Leaching of nitrogen, soil, biochar, compost.


Aim: To determine the correlation of peritumoral retraction clefts and myofibroblastic stromal reaction in invasive breast carcinomas of no special type. Methods: Peritumoral clefts were analyzed in 100 invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Stromal reaction was analyzed immunohistochemically with CD34, vimentin and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Results: Peritumoral clefts were found in 92% of invasive carcinoma tissue and were absent in surrounding normal tissue and around ducts of in situ component. The extent of peritumoral clefts ranged from 5% to 100% andcorrelated significantly with the quantityof SMA+ stromal myofibroblasts, increased tumor size, pT stage, presence of lymph node metastasis and the rate of positive lymph nodes. Extensive peritumoral clefts (in >30% of tumor tissue) correlated significantly with higher quantity of SMA+ myofibroblasts, higher frequency of lymph node metastases and higher rate of positive lymph nodes. Conclusion: Peritumoral retraction clefts are morphological expression of the phenotypic changes of tumor stromal cell that acquire myofibroblastic characteristics.


Beach sediments were collected from four selected beaches along the barrier bar lagoon coastal system Lagos Nigeria namely Badagry, Takwa, Alpha and Eleko beaches. The sediments were texturally analyzed in order to determine the statistical parameters of their grain size distribution. The result shows that Badagry and Alpha beach sands are medium grained with average mean values of (1.10 Ф and 1.14Ф respectively). Eleko beach sediment is coarsely grained with an average mean value of (0.56 Ф) while Takwa Bay beach sediment is fine grained and very well sorted with an average mean value of (2.25 Ф.). This suggest that Eleko beach sediment being coarse grained is deposited in a high energy condition hence less vulnerable to erosion compared to Takwa bay beach sediment which is fine grained and deposited in low energy condition hence more vulnerable to erosion. Alpha and Badagry beach sediment are medium grain and deposited in a moderate energy condition hence more stable to erosional forces than Takwa bay beach sediment. The grain size and amount of sand on a beach depends on wave energy and geological sensitivity of the sediments to the forces of erosion


The history of polar exploration has witnessed several conceptions of the climate, presence of lands, conditions of ice, and currents in the Arctic Ocean that were hypothetical or based on scarce research data. One such conception was the view of the physical geography of polar areas put forward in 1865 by the German geographer and publicist August Petermann, which was based mainly on the findings of English and Russian polar explorers. Although the actual course of polar research disproved Petermann's hypotheses, his conception not only exerted considerable influence on the development of the theoretical knowledge of polar areas, but also promoted practical steps in Arctic exploration during the second half of the 19th century.


This paper explores why social equity matters for a successful transition to a low-carbon energy economy. The paper first locates this discussion in the evolution of literature on environmental sustainability and energy which increasingly recognises the social, political and institutional dimensions of the concept. It then presents five arguments on why social equity should matter in strategies to accelerate and manage low-carbon development, ranging from moral arguments linked to quality of life and community, to the strategic and tactical imperatives of social equity for achieving carbon reductions. Finally, it offers three key strategies --- ownership, governance and distributed benefit for ensuring that low-carbon initiatives in general and community energy projects specifically, achieve social equity outcomes. The authors draw on three examples of how new forms of organisation and partnership can be structured to achieve both low-carbon and social goals: an enterprise supporting community-based wind farms in South Africa; an energy partnership between a community, local council and charity in Easterside, Middlesbrough, UK; and a community energy initiative in Portland, Oregon (USA). The paper concludes by drawing out principles for practice and policy.


Grouting is a procedure in which grout is injected into different kinds of spaces. This procedure has had broad applications in modern civil engineering, especially in karst terrains, for nearly 200 years. Ingredients for the preparation of mortars and grouting suspensions include cement, clay and fillers, bentonite, asphalt, additives for stability and water. The building of dams in karst areas is always accompanied by the construction of large grout curtains. During their construction, thousands of tons of materials are injected into the karst underground. Some ingredients and chemicals used in the preparation of mortars and grouting suspensions may be toxic, neurotoxic or carcinogenic, and may be irritants or corrosives. Their use is dangerous to both humans and the environment. The toxic components can pollute karst aquifers and cause long‐lasting hazardous consequences on karst underground species. Both physically and chemically, this material voraciously and quickly destroys underground habitats and kills an enormous number of rare, endangered and endemic species. This is an extremely expensive procedure although, in many cases, it is not very successful from the engineering perspective. When the construction of a grout curtain is completed, the hydrostatic pressure upgradients of the curtain are increased to higher levels than ever. These high hydraulic gradients accelerate the dissolutional expansion of fractures and bedding planes beneath the dam by several orders of magnitudes. As a result, intolerable leakage of karst reservoirs can occur over the lifetime of a dam site. This paper provides several examples of varying negative impacts of grouting on the hydrological and ecological regimes of the karst environment in the Dinaric karst. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Following the failure of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, Irish banks found themselves unable to roll over their significant foreign borrowings on the interbank lending market. With the banks facing a liquidity crisis, the Irish government decided to issue a blanket guarantee of all liabilities of six banks through the Credit Institutions Financial Support Scheme (CIFS). As the crisis worsened, and it became clear that Irish banks were facing a solvency—not just liquidity—crisis, the Irish government was forced to provide additional support to the financial system, which took the form of capital injections and a national asset management company for troubled assets. Notwithstanding these measures, Irish banks continued to face significant liquidity pressures, with a substantial portion of their funding still with maturities under one month. In December 2009, Irish authorities introduced a new, narrower guarantee scheme, the Credit Institutions (Eligible Liabilities Guarantee) Scheme (ELG Scheme) intended to lengthen the maturities of banks' funding. The ELG Scheme moved away from the blanket guarantee and created an opt-in guarantee for Irish financial institutions and their subsidiaries. The guarantee covered deposits not already covered by existing deposit protection schemes and certain eligible debt securities. Sixteen financial institutions participated in the ELG Scheme, which was extended multiple times before the issuance window expired on March 28, 2013. At its peak in 2010, the ELG Scheme covered around €150 billion in liabilities. The guarantee was triggered only once, upon the default and liquidation of IBRC, a new entity resulting from the merger of two nationalized banks. As of June 30, 2015, €934 million had been paid out to IBRC guaranteed bondholders and €138 million had been paid to depositors.


The establishment of a new fundamental space geodetic station in South Africa has been proposed. A Satellite Laser Ranging System (SLRS) utilising a 1 m optical telescope enhanced for Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) will form part of the geodetic instrumentation to be located at the new fundamental space geodetic station. The Tracking and Mount Control (T&MC) subsystem of the ranging system will require development of high-precision steering and pointing control for the telescope. A working model using National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW and an NI CompactRIO interface will be developed. We present an overview of this component of the ranging system and sketch the way forward. Envisaged outcome of this project is to achieve arc-second accurate steering and pointing of the telescope.


The goal of this article is to review cultural explorations of human intelligence around the globe. The article opens in the first part with a consideration of cultural studies that suggest that there is more to intelligence than IQ. It continues with the suggestion for what that "more" might be, namely, "successful intelligence." The second part of the article thus describes the theory of successful intelligence, as well as data from various cultures that support the theory. The third part of the article considers cultural conceptions, of implicit theories of intelligence. It is concluded that cultural studies suggest that conventional notions of intelligence are narrow and limited. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol4/iss3/1


An Intelligent Tool Post (ITP) used in lathe is proposed in this study. ITP is designed from the basis of two different cutting force characteristics produced from abnormal cutting generated by tool crashing workpiece and from normal cutting. ITP is capable of sensing and distinguishing the normal cutting signals from the abnormal ones. During normal cutting, ITP is able to resist the cutting torque and continue the cutting. As abnormal cutting occurs, the tool would move away from the workpiece without any damage. The equations for design and operation have been established. With the threshold and the design equation, one can design appropriate ITP. The threshold can be calculated and set up by the operating equation and the cutting conditions. Furthermore, Taguchi method was employed to conduct the experiments and analyze the experimental results. The results showed that the ITP's functions met the design requirements completely.


The steady-state fluorescence technique was introduced for studying the drying and swelling of discshaped PAAm-NIPA composites. Disc-shaped gels were formed with various acrylamides (AAm) and Nisopropylacrylamides (NIPA) by free radical crosslinking copolymerization in water. Composites were prepared with pyranine (Py) doped as a fluorescence probe. Scattered light, Isc, and fluorescence intensities, I, were monitored during drying of these gels. The fluorescence intensity of pyranine increased and decreased as drying and swelling time increased respectively for all samples. The Stern-Volmer equation combined with moving boundary and Li-Tanaka models were used to explain the behavior of I during drying and swelling, respectively. It was found that the desorption coefficient, D, increased as NIPA contents were increased for a given temperature during drying. However, the cooperative diffusion coefficient, D0, increased as NIPA contents were decreased during swelling at a given temperature. Supporting gravimetrical and volumetric experiments were also carried out during drying and swelling of PAAm-NIPA composites. It was observed that NIPA contents affect the drying and swelling process. POLYM. COMPOS., 32:928–936, 2011. a 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers


The traditional World Religions construct instantiates a nineteenth-century, Christian, male, Western worldview. Despite its apparent objectivity, it catalogues the peoples of the world according to extrinsic values and descriptors, and parades them in a pageant for the gaze of students. The valorization of historical origins, texts, and doctrines leads students to frame religions as static, logical, and intellectual, leaving them none the wiser as to the lives and feelings and motivations of those around them. This dissertation will situate World Religions in its historical background and critique the worldview it promotes as both misrepresenting contemporary religious experience and simultaneously privileging and repressing students. I will propose instead a World Religions course based on cosmopolitanism, care, and postmodern pedagogy that embeds the students in lived experiences, honors their humanity, and engages them in the worldwide human enterprise.


Transparent phosphosilicate glass-ceramics were prepared by heating the spontaneously crystallized precursor glasses in which crystals have formed during cooling of the melts. And the effects of compositional variation on the crystalline phases, degree of crystallization and transparency were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that Mg2+ tends to exist in silicate-rich phase rather than phosphate-rich phase, such MgO is more beneficial to the transparency of phosphosilicate glass-ceremics compared to CaO. In addition, the substitution of P2O5 for SiO2 enhances the tendency of phase separation, and hence the precipitation of Na2MgSiO4 crystals for the precursor glasses as well as glass-ceramics with good transparency.


As required by the purpose and operating conditions of the articles, Si3N4-based ceramic materials must have a combination of properties ensuring their serviceability, while their manufacturing process must afford the manufacture of complex-shaped products. The paper deals with the technology of making complex-shaped articles from reaction-bonded, densified silicon nitride in the system Si3N4, Si3N4-BN, Si3N4-Al2TiO5, Si3N4–Si by thermoplastic slip casting of a fine high-purity silicon powder comprising additives or sintering aids with subsequent nitridation at temperatures up to 1500°C or additional sintering up to 1750-1800°C. In the process of making reaction-bonded silicon nitride, consideration is given to the exothermal effect of reaction, to the influence of additives on the properties of ceramics and the manufacturing process. Methods of oxidation protection of porous Si3N4-based ceramics and adaptation of these methods to protection of porous SiC- or SiC-C – based ceramics are discussed. Upon densification of reaction-bonded silicon nitride at temperatures up to 1750- 1800°C, consideration is also given to the effects of diffusion processes of the additives, used as sintering aids, on ceramics microstructure. The mechanisms of dissolution – recrystallization of α- and β-Si3N4 in the course of forming the self-reinforced ceramic structure are discussed. The peculiarities of making Si3N4-Si – based material having unusual properties including the mechanism of forming, oxidation resistance, electrical conductivity and high impact resistance are covered. The paper presents the results of testing of the ceramic components and units of gasturbine engines, bearings and attachments of the spacecraft Buran, and it also gives test data with reference to the ceramic parts tested at temperatures above 2000°C.


We present an efficient algorithm to solve a class of two- and 2.5-dimensional (2-D and 2.5-D) Fredholm integrals of the first kind with a tensor product structure and nonnegativity constraint on the estimated parameters of interest in an optimization framework. A zeroth-order regularization functional is used to incorporate a priori information about the smoothness of the parameters into the problem formulation. We adapt the Butler-Reeds-Dawson (1981) algorithm to solve this optimization problem in three steps. In the first step, the data are compressed using singular value decomposition (SVD) of the kernels. The tensor-product structure of the kernel is exploited so that the compressed data is typically a thousand fold smaller than the original data. This size reduction is crucial for fast optimization. In the second step, the constrained optimization problem is transformed to an unconstrained optimization problem in the compressed data space. In the third step, a suboptimal value of the smoothing parameter is chosen by the BRD method. Steps 2 and 3 are iterated until convergence of the algorithm. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm on simulated data.


Despite the advances in our understanding of normal and abnormal wound healing over the past decade, a specific biomarker which can be used clinically to identify 'hard-to-heal' wounds still remains elusive. Tissue and exudate samples extracted from the site of the wound are traditionally analysed using histological, microbiological and biochemical laboratory techniques. The aim of this paper is to review the advantages of these techniques, their limitations and the rapid developments in the fields of microbiology and proteomics, which are offering new insights into the differences between healing and non-healing wounds.


Reliability Analysis is applied into tower structural design and influence of uncertain factors is considered into the design. The reliability robust optimization mathematical model of tower structure is established by combining the reliability optimization designing theory with the robust design method and injecting reliability sensitivity into the design model. The reliability sensitivity is added to the reliability-based optimization design model and the stiffness reliability-based robust design is reduced to a multi-objection optimization. Take the lattice tower structure for example, after designing, it shows not only lighter weigh, saving in material, simplifying construction, but also improving its safety and stability. The example proves the method to be effective.


Celebrity brand authenticity is introduced as a construct that represents consumer perceptions of celebrities being "true to oneself" in their behaviors and interactions with consumers. A scale is developed through two purification stages and the scale's predictive validity is assessed. First, the meaning of celebrity brand authenticity to consumers is explored. Second, the Authenticity Inventory from the psychology literature is adapted to develop a scale for consumer perceptions of celebrity brand authenticity. Celebrity brands are perceived as true to self when they appear genuine in their relationships with consumers and behave in accordance with their perceived held values. Evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the celebrity brand authenticity scale is provided, which confirms celebrity brand authenticity as distinct from celebrity attachment, despite containing relational items. Finally, the predictive power of celebrity brand authenticity is confirmed through positively influencing consumer intentions to purchase an endorsed brand. Brand managers can use celebrity brand authenticity to position or develop celebrity brands, as well as in the selection of celebrity endorsers.


The volume of electronic transactions has raised a lot in last years, mainly due to the popularization of ecommerce, such as online retailers. We also observe a significant increase in the number of fraud cases, resulting in billions of dollars losses each year worldwide. Therefore it is important and necessary to developed and apply techniques that can assist in fraud detection, which motivates our research. This work aims to apply and evaluate computational intelligence techniques to identify fraud in electronic transactions, more specifically in credit card operations. In order to evaluate the techniques, we define a concept of economic efficiency and apply them in a actual dataset of the most popular Brazilian electronic payment service. Our results show good performance in fraud detection, presenting gains up to 43 percent compared to the actual scenario of the company.


The injection of the injectional mass into the internal and external carotid arteries has shown the presence of perforant arteries in the bones of the cranial fornix. The method of impregnation of vessels by silver nitrate in sections of decalcified cranium bones enabled the author to establish the penetration of thin blood vessels into the cranial cavity through sutures. Blood vessels simultaneously found to be present in the spongy and compact substance of the cranial fornix bones. The totalities of the above vessels are considered as transcranial vascular communications. Their possible significance in hemodynamics is discussed.


We present a case of Ectopic cervical thymus in a 3-month-old boy who presented with a painless right angle of mandible mass and was described as same density with the mediastinal thymus on computed tomography. He was managed conservatively as there was a reduction in the size of the cervical mass.


Landscapes have multiple functions relating to natural preservation and cultural inheritance, which are fundamental factors for tourist development. Particularly in villages, rural tourism is primarily based on the rural landscape. However, peri-urban villages face complex conflicts of urbanization and ruralism, in which landscapes are dynamic and need synergistic plans and management. Thus, this research contributes to a better understanding of comprehensive landscape planning integrating natural and cultural dimensions in peri-urban villages. Taking as a comparison studies in two peri-urban villages, Heshu village and Pu'an village in the Yangtze River Delta in China, the research mainly adopted qualitative methods of document analysis, in-depth interviews and field observation. We found that local features and interactions with nature are both stressed in the village landscape plans but with different strategies. Firstly, Heshu village's landscape plan intends to reproduce eight scenes described in famous local poetry, while Pu'an village's plan intends to develop local traditional customs of bulrush craft. Secondly, the detailed landscape design of green-way and blue-way systems in Heshu village is people-oriented, while landscape design in Pu'an village is experience-oriented in relation to creative tourism. Finally, it is essential to consider both the interests of local villagers and tourists in the process of identifying, preserving and enhancing the locality of rural landscapes.


The Cavezzo meteorite, which fell on January 1, 2020, is the first meteorite detected and recovered by the Italian PRISMA Fireball Network. Two specimens, weighing 3.12 g (specimen 1) and 52.19 g (specimen 2), were collected 3 days after the bolide was observed, thanks to an effective media campaign that encouraged the involvement of local people. The two specimens of this meteorite have not only completely different lithological characteristics but also a different geochemistry and oxygen isotopic composition as well. Specimen 1 is anomalous both for the textural–structural features, varying seamlessly from chondritic to "achondritic," and a very unusual modal mineralogy—such as the relatively high amount of olivine (63.1 vol%), plagioclase (18.2 vol%), high‐Ca pyroxene (10.3 vol%), and chlorapatite (2.1 vol%); and the unusually low content of low‐Ca pyroxene (5.8 vol%), metal (0.1 vol%), and troilite (much lesser than 0.1 vol%)—although the compositional values for olivine (Fa 24.24 mol%) and low‐Ca pyroxene (Fs 20.41 mol%) appear to be similar to those of the L chondrite group. Conversely, in specimen 2, not only the texture and the crystal chemistry but also the modal mineralogy (low‐Ca pyroxene much more abundant than high‐Ca pyroxene and occurrence of metal and sulfides) look like those of an ordinary L chondrite. The differences between the two specimens are also confirmed by geochemistry. The oxygen isotope composition of specimen 1 plots at the boundary between the H and L groups (δ17O‰ 3.250; δ18O‰ 4.736; Δ17O‰ 0.788) whereas specimen 2 plots at the boundary of the L and LL fields (δ17O‰ 3.737; δ18O‰ 4.957; Δ17O‰ 1.159). The bulk chemistry shows a different content of many minor and trace elements (including rare earth elements), such as a strong depletion of siderophile and chalcophile elements in specimen 1. The two specimens then do not contain fragments of each other, thus preventing us from classifying this "double face" meteorite as an ordinary chondrite breccia. In detail, specimen 1 can be considered a "xenolith" in which chondritic structure and igneous texture coexist without discontinuity, and therefore, it represents a previously unsampled portion of the L parent body. In summary, these findings support the classification of Cavezzo as an L5 anomalous chondrite.


True left ventricular aneurysms are thought to arise from the expansion and thinning of the transmural infarct area, whereas false aneurysms result from containment of ventricular rupture by pericardial adhesions. We reported a case of true left ventricular aneurysm with pseudoaneurysm( mixed type aneurysm) which was treated surgically.